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Assuming a view of the Random Forest as a special case of a nested ensemble of interchangeable modules, we construct a generalisation space allowing one to easily develop novel methods based on this algorithm. We discuss the role and required properties of modules at each level, especially in context of some already pr...
Generalised Random Forest Space Overview
2,800
In [1], a clustering algorithm was given to find the centers of clusters quickly. However, the accuracy of this algorithm heavily depend on the threshold value of d-c. Furthermore, [1] has not provided any efficient way to select the threshold value of d-c, that is, one can have to estimate the value of d_c depend on o...
Comment on "Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks"
2,801
In this paper we investigate the usage of regularized correntropy framework for learning of classifiers from noisy labels. The class label predictors learned by minimizing transitional loss functions are sensitive to the noisy and outlying labels of training samples, because the transitional loss functions are equally ...
Regularized maximum correntropy machine
2,802
Most of the existing classification methods are aimed at minimization of empirical risk (through some simple point-based error measured with loss function) with added regularization. We propose to approach this problem in a more information theoretic way by investigating applicability of entropy measures as a classific...
Extreme Entropy Machines: Robust information theoretic classification
2,803
Semi-supervised clustering is an very important topic in machine learning and computer vision. The key challenge of this problem is how to learn a metric, such that the instances sharing the same label are more likely close to each other on the embedded space. However, little attention has been paid to learn better rep...
Deep Transductive Semi-supervised Maximum Margin Clustering
2,804
In many applications data is naturally presented in terms of orderings of some basic elements or symbols. Reasoning about such data requires a notion of similarity capable of handling sequences of different lengths. In this paper we describe a family of Mercer kernel functions for such sequentially structured data. The...
On a Family of Decomposable Kernels on Sequences
2,805
Support vector machines (SVM) can classify data sets along highly non-linear decision boundaries because of the kernel-trick. This expressiveness comes at a price: During test-time, the SVM classifier needs to compute the kernel inner-product between a test sample and all support vectors. With large training data sets,...
Compressed Support Vector Machines
2,806
Coronary heart disease (CHD) caused by hardening of artery walls due to cholesterol known as atherosclerosis is responsible for large number of deaths world-wide. The disease progression is slow, asymptomatic and may lead to sudden cardiac arrest, stroke or myocardial infraction. Presently, imaging techniques are being...
Novel Approaches for Predicting Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis
2,807
Applications involving dictionary learning, non-negative matrix factorization, subspace clustering, and parallel factor tensor decomposition tasks motivate well algorithms for per-block-convex and non-smooth optimization problems. By leveraging the stochastic approximation paradigm and first-order acceleration schemes,...
Per-Block-Convex Data Modeling by Accelerated Stochastic Approximation
2,808
This study presents a divide-and-conquer (DC) approach based on feature space decomposition for classification. When large-scale datasets are present, typical approaches usually employed truncated kernel methods on the feature space or DC approaches on the sample space. However, this did not guarantee separability betw...
Efficient Divide-And-Conquer Classification Based on Feature-Space Decomposition
2,809
Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) are high-dimensional vector representations of objects (eg., words, image parts), relations (eg., sentence structures), and sequences for use with machine learning algorithms. They consist of a vector addition operator for representing a collection of unordered objects, a Binding op...
Representing Objects, Relations, and Sequences
2,810
We propose a batchwise monotone algorithm for dictionary learning. Unlike the state-of-the-art dictionary learning algorithms which impose sparsity constraints on a sample-by-sample basis, we instead treat the samples as a batch, and impose the sparsity constraint on the whole. The benefit of batchwise optimization is ...
A Batchwise Monotone Algorithm for Dictionary Learning
2,811
We often encounter situations in which an experimenter wants to find, by sequential experimentation, $x_{max} = \arg\max_{x} f(x)$, where $f(x)$ is a (possibly unknown) function of a well controllable variable $x$. Taking inspiration from physics and engineering, we have designed a new method to address this problem. I...
Lock in Feedback in Sequential Experiments
2,812
In various applications involving hidden Markov models (HMMs), some of the hidden states are aliased, having identical output distributions. The minimality, identifiability and learnability of such aliased HMMs have been long standing problems, with only partial solutions provided thus far. In this paper we focus on pa...
Learning Parametric-Output HMMs with Two Aliased States
2,813
We propose a new algorithm for minimizing regularized empirical loss: Stochastic Dual Newton Ascent (SDNA). Our method is dual in nature: in each iteration we update a random subset of the dual variables. However, unlike existing methods such as stochastic dual coordinate ascent, SDNA is capable of utilizing all curvat...
SDNA: Stochastic Dual Newton Ascent for Empirical Risk Minimization
2,814
The minimization of the logistic loss is a popular approach to batch supervised learning. Our paper starts from the surprising observation that, when fitting linear (or kernelized) classifiers, the minimization of the logistic loss is \textit{equivalent} to the minimization of an exponential \textit{rado}-loss computed...
Rademacher Observations, Private Data, and Boosting
2,815
We present a mathematical construction for the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) that doesn't require specifying the number of hidden units. In fact, the hidden layer size is adaptive and can grow during training. This is obtained by first extending the RBM to be sensitive to the ordering of its hidden units. Then, th...
An Infinite Restricted Boltzmann Machine
2,816
We present a novel adaptive random subspace learning algorithm (RSSL) for prediction purpose. This new framework is flexible where it can be adapted with any learning technique. In this paper, we tested the algorithm for regression and classification problems. In addition, we provide a variety of weighting schemes to i...
Adaptive Random SubSpace Learning (RSSL) Algorithm for Prediction
2,817
We study online boosting, the task of converting any weak online learner into a strong online learner. Based on a novel and natural definition of weak online learnability, we develop two online boosting algorithms. The first algorithm is an online version of boost-by-majority. By proving a matching lower bound, we show...
Optimal and Adaptive Algorithms for Online Boosting
2,818
Modeling the dependence between outputs is a fundamental challenge in multilabel classification. In this work we show that a generic regularized nonlinearity mapping independent predictions to joint predictions is sufficient to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a variety of benchmark problems. Crucially, we compu...
Scalable Multilabel Prediction via Randomized Methods
2,819
Recent studies reveal that a deep neural network can learn transferable features which generalize well to novel tasks for domain adaptation. However, as deep features eventually transition from general to specific along the network, the feature transferability drops significantly in higher layers with increasing domain...
Learning Transferable Features with Deep Adaptation Networks
2,820
Training Deep Neural Networks is complicated by the fact that the distribution of each layer's inputs changes during training, as the parameters of the previous layers change. This slows down the training by requiring lower learning rates and careful parameter initialization, and makes it notoriously hard to train mode...
Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift
2,821
Metric learning has been shown to be highly effective to improve the performance of nearest neighbor classification. In this paper, we address the problem of metric learning for Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices such as covariance matrices, which arise in many real-world applications. Naively using standard Ma...
Supervised LogEuclidean Metric Learning for Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices
2,822
Distributed optimization methods for large-scale machine learning suffer from a communication bottleneck. It is difficult to reduce this bottleneck while still efficiently and accurately aggregating partial work from different machines. In this paper, we present a novel generalization of the recent communication-effici...
Adding vs. Averaging in Distributed Primal-Dual Optimization
2,823
Stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), which visits only one sample or a mini-batch of samples each time, has recently been proved to achieve better performance than batch ADMM. However, most stochastic methods can only achieve a convergence rate $O(1/\sqrt T)$ on general convex problems,where T...
Scalable Stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
2,824
Bankruptcy is a legal procedure that claims a person or organization as a debtor. It is essential to ascertain the risk of bankruptcy at initial stages to prevent financial losses. In this perspective, different soft computing techniques can be employed to ascertain bankruptcy. This study proposes a bankruptcy predicti...
A Predictive System for detection of Bankruptcy using Machine Learning techniques
2,825
We give a new deterministic algorithm that non-adaptively learns a hidden hypergraph from edge-detecting queries. All previous non-adaptive algorithms either run in exponential time or have non-optimal query complexity. We give the first polynomial time non-adaptive learning algorithm for learning hypergraph that asks ...
Non-Adaptive Learning a Hidden Hipergraph
2,826
Neuroscientists have long criticised deep learning algorithms as incompatible with current knowledge of neurobiology. We explore more biologically plausible versions of deep representation learning, focusing here mostly on unsupervised learning but developing a learning mechanism that could account for supervised, unsu...
Towards Biologically Plausible Deep Learning
2,827
We present a deep learning approach to estimation of the bead parameters in welding tasks. Our model is based on a four-hidden-layer neural network architecture. More specifically, the first three hidden layers of this architecture utilize Sigmoid function to produce their respective intermediate outputs. On the other ...
Application of Deep Neural Network in Estimation of the Weld Bead Parameters
2,828
The organizer of a machine learning competition faces the problem of maintaining an accurate leaderboard that faithfully represents the quality of the best submission of each competing team. What makes this estimation problem particularly challenging is its sequential and adaptive nature. As participants are allowed to...
The Ladder: A Reliable Leaderboard for Machine Learning Competitions
2,829
Errors in data are usually unwelcome and so some means to correct them is useful. However, it is difficult to define, detect or correct errors in an unsupervised way. Here, we train a deep neural network to re-synthesize its inputs at its output layer for a given class of data. We then exploit the fact that this abstra...
Deep Transform: Error Correction via Probabilistic Re-Synthesis
2,830
The majority of machine learning algorithms assumes that objects are represented as vectors. But often the objects we want to learn on are more naturally represented by other data structures such as sequences and time series. For these representations many standard learning algorithms are unavailable. We generalize gra...
Generalized Gradient Learning on Time Series under Elastic Transformations
2,831
Motivated by the problem of computing investment portfolio weightings we investigate various methods of clustering as alternatives to traditional mean-variance approaches. Such methods can have significant benefits from a practical point of view since they remove the need to invert a sample covariance matrix, which can...
Real time clustering of time series using triangular potentials
2,832
Supervised classification approaches can predict labels for unknown data because of the supervised training process. The success of classification is heavily dependent on the labeled training data. Differently, clustering is effective in revealing the aggregation property of unlabeled data, but the performance of most ...
CSAL: Self-adaptive Labeling based Clustering Integrating Supervised Learning on Unlabeled Data
2,833
In this paper we study the problem of learning from multiple modal data for purpose of document classification. In this problem, each document is composed two different modals of data, i.e., an image and a text. Cross-modal factor analysis (CFA) has been proposed to project the two different modals of data to a shared ...
Supervised cross-modal factor analysis for multiple modal data classification
2,834
We describe an iterative procedure for optimizing policies, with guaranteed monotonic improvement. By making several approximations to the theoretically-justified procedure, we develop a practical algorithm, called Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO). This algorithm is similar to natural policy gradient methods and...
Trust Region Policy Optimization
2,835
We study the classic online learning problem of predicting with expert advice, and propose a truly parameter-free and adaptive algorithm that achieves several objectives simultaneously without using any prior information. The main component of this work is an improved version of the NormalHedge.DT algorithm (Luo and Sc...
Achieving All with No Parameters: Adaptive NormalHedge
2,836
Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent is a popular method for solving regularized loss minimization for the case of convex losses. In this paper we show how a variant of SDCA can be applied for non-convex losses. We prove linear convergence rate even if individual loss functions are non-convex as long as the expected loss ...
SDCA without Duality
2,837
In this work we study the quantitative relation between VC-dimension and two other basic parameters related to learning and teaching. Namely, the quality of sample compression schemes and of teaching sets for classes of low VC-dimension. Let $C$ be a binary concept class of size $m$ and VC-dimension $d$. Prior to this ...
Teaching and compressing for low VC-dimension
2,838
We consider the problem of learning to choose actions using contextual information when provided with limited feedback in the form of relative pairwise comparisons. We study this problem in the dueling-bandits framework of Yue et al. (2009), which we extend to incorporate context. Roughly, the learner's goal is to find...
Contextual Dueling Bandits
2,839
A classic tension exists between exact inference in a simple model and approximate inference in a complex model. The latter offers expressivity and thus accuracy, but the former provides coverage of the space, an important property for confidence estimation and learning with indirect supervision. In this work, we intro...
Reified Context Models
2,840
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are often used for approximate inference inside learning, but their slow mixing can be difficult to diagnose and the approximations can seriously degrade learning. To alleviate these issues, we define a new model family using strong Doeblin Markov chains, whose mixing times ca...
Learning Fast-Mixing Models for Structured Prediction
2,841
Strongly adaptive algorithms are algorithms whose performance on every time interval is close to optimal. We present a reduction that can transform standard low-regret algorithms to strongly adaptive. As a consequence, we derive simple, yet efficient, strongly adaptive algorithms for a handful of problems.
Strongly Adaptive Online Learning
2,842
Given a set $X$ and a function $h:X\longrightarrow\{0,1\}$ which labels each element of $X$ with either $0$ or $1$, we may define a function $h^{(s)}$ to measure the similarity of pairs of points in $X$ according to $h$. Specifically, for $h\in \{0,1\}^X$ we define $h^{(s)}\in \{0,1\}^{X\times X}$ by $h^{(s)}(w,x):= \m...
The VC-Dimension of Similarity Hypotheses Spaces
2,843
We study a general class of online learning problems where the feedback is specified by a graph. This class includes online prediction with expert advice and the multi-armed bandit problem, but also several learning problems where the online player does not necessarily observe his own loss. We analyze how the structure...
Online Learning with Feedback Graphs: Beyond Bandits
2,844
Efficiently learning mixture of Gaussians is a fundamental problem in statistics and learning theory. Given samples coming from a random one out of k Gaussian distributions in Rn, the learning problem asks to estimate the means and the covariance matrices of these Gaussians. This learning problem arises in many areas r...
Learning Mixtures of Gaussians in High Dimensions
2,845
\emph{Semi-Automated Text Classification} (SATC) may be defined as the task of ranking a set $\mathcal{D}$ of automatically labelled textual documents in such a way that, if a human annotator validates (i.e., inspects and corrects where appropriate) the documents in a top-ranked portion of $\mathcal{D}$ with the goal o...
Utility-Theoretic Ranking for Semi-Automated Text Classification
2,846
We provide a simple and efficient algorithm for the projection operator for weighted $\ell_1$-norm regularization subject to a sum constraint, together with an elementary proof. The implementation of the proposed algorithm can be downloaded from the author's homepage.
An $\mathcal{O}(n\log n)$ projection operator for weighted $\ell_1$-norm regularization with sum constraint
2,847
We provide a simple and efficient algorithm for computing the Euclidean projection of a point onto the capped simplex---a simplex with an additional uniform bound on each coordinate---together with an elementary proof. Both the MATLAB and C++ implementations of the proposed algorithm can be downloaded at https://eng.uc...
Projection onto the capped simplex
2,848
This paper presents an unsupervised learning approach for simultaneous sample and feature selection, which is in contrast to existing works which mainly tackle these two problems separately. In fact the two tasks are often interleaved with each other: noisy and high-dimensional features will bring adverse effect on sam...
Joint Active Learning with Feature Selection via CUR Matrix Decomposition
2,849
We consider classification problems in which the label space has structure. A common example is hierarchical label spaces, corresponding to the case where one label subsumes another (e.g., animal subsumes dog). But labels can also be mutually exclusive (e.g., dog vs cat) or unrelated (e.g., furry, carnivore). To jointl...
Probabilistic Label Relation Graphs with Ising Models
2,850
The detection of very similar patterns in a time series, commonly called motifs, has received continuous and increasing attention from diverse scientific communities. In particular, recent approaches for discovering similar motifs of different lengths have been proposed. In this work, we show that such variable-length ...
Ranking and significance of variable-length similarity-based time series motifs
2,851
Polynomial kernel regression is one of the standard and state-of-the-art learning strategies. However, as is well known, the choices of the degree of polynomial kernel and the regularization parameter are still open in the realm of model selection. The first aim of this paper is to develop a strategy to select these pa...
Model selection of polynomial kernel regression
2,852
We resolve an open question from (Christiano, 2014b) posed in COLT'14 regarding the optimal dependency of the regret achievable for online local learning on the size of the label set. In this framework the algorithm is shown a pair of items at each step, chosen from a set of $n$ items. The learner then predicts a label...
Label optimal regret bounds for online local learning
2,853
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are analyzed via the theoretical framework of the information bottleneck (IB) principle. We first show that any DNN can be quantified by the mutual information between the layers and the input and output variables. Using this representation we can calculate the optimal information theoretic ...
Deep Learning and the Information Bottleneck Principle
2,854
The apsis toolkit presented in this paper provides a flexible framework for hyperparameter optimization and includes both random search and a bayesian optimizer. It is implemented in Python and its architecture features adaptability to any desired machine learning code. It can easily be used with common Python ML frame...
apsis - Framework for Automated Optimization of Machine Learning Hyper Parameters
2,855
Time-series classification is an important problem for the data mining community due to the wide range of application domains involving time-series data. A recent paradigm, called shapelets, represents patterns that are highly predictive for the target variable. Shapelets are discovered by measuring the prediction accu...
Scalable Discovery of Time-Series Shapelets
2,856
This paper studies the problem of embedding very large information networks into low-dimensional vector spaces, which is useful in many tasks such as visualization, node classification, and link prediction. Most existing graph embedding methods do not scale for real world information networks which usually contain mill...
LINE: Large-scale Information Network Embedding
2,857
In this paper we introduce the idea of improving the performance of parametric temporal-difference (TD) learning algorithms by selectively emphasizing or de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. In particular, we show that varying the emphasis of linear TD($\lambda$)'s updates in a particular way causes it...
An Emphatic Approach to the Problem of Off-policy Temporal-Difference Learning
2,858
Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble supervised machine learning technique that was developed by Breiman over a decade ago. Compared with other ensemble techniques, it has proved its accuracy and superiority. Many researchers, however, believe that there is still room for enhancing and improving its performance accuracy. ...
On Extreme Pruning of Random Forest Ensembles for Real-time Predictive Applications
2,859
Time series shapelets are discriminative subsequences and their similarity to a time series can be used for time series classification. Since the discovery of time series shapelets is costly in terms of time, the applicability on long or multivariate time series is difficult. In this work we propose Ultra-Fast Shapelet...
Ultra-Fast Shapelets for Time Series Classification
2,860
Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble classification technique that was developed by Breiman over a decade ago. Compared with other ensemble techniques, it has proved its accuracy and superiority. Many researchers, however, believe that there is still room for enhancing and improving its performance in terms of predictive ...
An Outlier Detection-based Tree Selection Approach to Extreme Pruning of Random Forests
2,861
We introduce a novel training principle for probabilistic models that is an alternative to maximum likelihood. The proposed Generative Stochastic Networks (GSN) framework is based on learning the transition operator of a Markov chain whose stationary distribution estimates the data distribution. Because the transition ...
GSNs : Generative Stochastic Networks
2,862
We discuss data representation which can be learned automatically from data, are invariant to transformations, and at the same time selective, in the sense that two points have the same representation only if they are one the transformation of the other. The mathematical results here sharpen some of the key claims of i...
On Invariance and Selectivity in Representation Learning
2,863
In this paper, we investigate a largely extended version of classical MAB problem, called networked combinatorial bandit problems. In particular, we consider the setting of a decision maker over a networked bandits as follows: each time a combinatorial strategy, e.g., a group of arms, is chosen, and the decision maker ...
Networked Stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits with Combinatorial Strategies
2,864
We analyse optimum reject strategies for prototype-based classifiers and real-valued rejection measures, using the distance of a data point to the closest prototype or probabilistic counterparts. We compare reject schemes with global thresholds, and local thresholds for the Voronoi cells of the classifier. For the latt...
Optimum Reject Options for Prototype-based Classification
2,865
Predicting the Credit Defaulter is a perilous task of Financial Industries like Banks. Ascertaining non-payer before giving loan is a significant and conflict-ridden task of the Banker. Classification techniques are the better choice for predictive analysis like finding the claimant, whether he/she is an unpretentious ...
Proficiency Comparison of LADTree and REPTree Classifiers for Credit Risk Forecast
2,866
With the rapid increase in volume of time series medical data available through wearable devices, there is a need to employ automated algorithms to label data. Examples of labels include interventions, changes in activity (e.g. sleep) and changes in physiology (e.g. arrhythmias). However, automated algorithms tend to b...
Fusing Continuous-valued Medical Labels using a Bayesian Model
2,867
We give a probabilistic interpretation of sampling theory of graph signals. To do this, we first define a generative model for the data using a pairwise Gaussian random field (GRF) which depends on the graph. We show that, under certain conditions, reconstructing a graph signal from a subset of its samples by least squ...
A Probabilistic Interpretation of Sampling Theory of Graph Signals
2,868
In this paper, we propose the problem of online cost-sensitive clas- sifier adaptation and the first algorithm to solve it. We assume we have a base classifier for a cost-sensitive classification problem, but it is trained with respect to a cost setting different to the desired one. Moreover, we also have some training...
Online classifier adaptation for cost-sensitive learning
2,869
Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is a key machine learning algorithm for extracting nonlinear features from data. In the presence of a large volume of high dimensional data collected in a distributed fashion, it becomes very costly to communicate all of this data to a single data center and then perform kerne...
Communication Efficient Distributed Kernel Principal Component Analysis
2,870
In supervised learning, simple baseline classifiers can be constructed by only looking at the class, i.e., ignoring any other information from the dataset. The single-label learning community frequently uses as a reference the one which always predicts the majority class. Although a classifier might perform worse than ...
Comparing published multi-label classifier performance measures to the ones obtained by a simple multi-label baseline classifier
2,871
Sample compression schemes were defined by Littlestone and Warmuth (1986) as an abstraction of the structure underlying many learning algorithms. Roughly speaking, a sample compression scheme of size $k$ means that given an arbitrary list of labeled examples, one can retain only $k$ of them in a way that allows to reco...
Sample compression schemes for VC classes
2,872
Big Data concern large-volume, growing data sets that are complex and have multiple autonomous sources. Earlier technologies were not able to handle storage and processing of huge data thus Big Data concept comes into existence. This is a tedious job for users unstructured data. So, there should be some mechanism which...
A Survey of Classification Techniques in the Area of Big Data
2,873
Automated learning of patients demographics can be seen as multi-label problem where a patient model is based on different race and gender groups. The resulting model can be further integrated into Privacy-Preserving Data Mining, where it can be used to assess risk of identification of different patient groups. Our pro...
Multi-Labeled Classification of Demographic Attributes of Patients: a case study of diabetics patients
2,874
Quasi-Newton methods are widely used in practise for convex loss minimization problems. These methods exhibit good empirical performance on a wide variety of tasks and enjoy super-linear convergence to the optimal solution. For large-scale learning problems, stochastic Quasi-Newton methods have been recently proposed. ...
A Variance Reduced Stochastic Newton Method
2,875
Multi-armed bandits (MAB) model sequential decision making problems, in which a learner sequentially chooses arms with unknown reward distributions in order to maximize its cumulative reward. Most of the prior work on MAB assumes that the reward distributions of each arm are independent. But in a wide variety of decisi...
Global Bandits
2,876
Symmetric positive semi-definite (SPSD) matrix approximation methods have been extensively used to speed up large-scale eigenvalue computation and kernel learning methods. The standard sketch based method, which we call the prototype model, produces relatively accurate approximations, but is inefficient on large square...
Towards More Efficient SPSD Matrix Approximation and CUR Matrix Decomposition
2,877
Many modern multiclass and multilabel problems are characterized by increasingly large output spaces. For these problems, label embeddings have been shown to be a useful primitive that can improve computational and statistical efficiency. In this work we utilize a correspondence between rank constrained estimation and ...
Fast Label Embeddings for Extremely Large Output Spaces
2,878
Categorization axioms have been proposed to axiomatizing clustering results, which offers a hint of bridging the difference between human recognition system and machine learning through an intuitive observation: an object should be assigned to its most similar category. However, categorization axioms cannot be generali...
Generalized Categorization Axioms
2,879
Thompson sampling is one of the earliest randomized algorithms for multi-armed bandits (MAB). In this paper, we extend the Thompson sampling to Budgeted MAB, where there is random cost for pulling an arm and the total cost is constrained by a budget. We start with the case of Bernoulli bandits, in which the random rewa...
Thompson Sampling for Budgeted Multi-armed Bandits
2,880
Non-linear performance measures are widely used for the evaluation of learning algorithms. For example, $F$-measure is a commonly used performance measure for classification problems in machine learning and information retrieval community. We study the theoretical properties of a subset of non-linear performance measur...
Theory of Optimizing Pseudolinear Performance Measures: Application to F-measure
2,881
Is he/she my type or not? The answer to this question depends on the personal preferences of the one asking it. The individual process of obtaining a full answer may generally be difficult and time consuming, but often an approximate answer can be obtained simply by looking at a photo of the potential match. Such appro...
Can deep learning help you find the perfect match?
2,882
The Neural Turing Machine (NTM) is more expressive than all previously considered models because of its external memory. It can be viewed as a broader effort to use abstract external Interfaces and to learn a parametric model that interacts with them. The capabilities of a model can be extended by providing it with pro...
Reinforcement Learning Neural Turing Machines - Revised
2,883
In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction computation. This is for example the case when using error-correcting codes or even ...
Reinforced Decision Trees
2,884
Collectively, lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma was diagnosed in over 535,340 people out of which, 209,400 deaths were reported [13]. It is estimated that over 600,000 people will be diagnosed with these forms of cancer in 2015. Most of the deaths from lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma result due to late de...
A Comprehensive Study On The Applications Of Machine Learning For Diagnosis Of Cancer
2,885
In many naturally occurring optimization problems one needs to ensure that the definition of the optimization problem lends itself to solutions that are tractable to compute. In cases where exact solutions cannot be computed tractably, it is beneficial to have strong guarantees on the tractable approximate solutions. I...
Learning and Optimization with Submodular Functions
2,886
Many real world data mining applications involve obtaining predictive models using data sets with strongly imbalanced distributions of the target variable. Frequently, the least common values of this target variable are associated with events that are highly relevant for end users (e.g. fraud detection, unusual returns...
A Survey of Predictive Modelling under Imbalanced Distributions
2,887
Metric learning aims to embed one metric space into another to benefit tasks like classification and clustering. Although a greatly distorted metric space has a high degree of freedom to fit training data, it is prone to overfitting and numerical inaccuracy. This paper presents {\it bounded-distortion metric learning} ...
Bounded-Distortion Metric Learning
2,888
Multi-task feature learning (MTFL) is a powerful technique in boosting the predictive performance by learning multiple related classification/regression/clustering tasks simultaneously. However, solving the MTFL problem remains challenging when the feature dimension is extremely large. In this paper, we propose a novel...
Safe Screening for Multi-Task Feature Learning with Multiple Data Matrices
2,889
Re-scale boosting (RBoosting) is a variant of boosting which can essentially improve the generalization performance of boosting learning. The key feature of RBoosting lies in introducing a shrinkage degree to re-scale the ensemble estimate in each gradient-descent step. Thus, the shrinkage degree determines the perform...
Shrinkage degree in $L_2$-re-scale boosting for regression
2,890
Several real-world classification problems are example-dependent cost-sensitive in nature, where the costs due to misclassification vary between examples and not only within classes. However, standard classification methods do not take these costs into account, and assume a constant cost of misclassification errors. In...
Ensemble of Example-Dependent Cost-Sensitive Decision Trees
2,891
We study the problem of learning in the presence of a drifting target concept. Specifically, we provide bounds on the error rate at a given time, given a learner with access to a history of independent samples labeled according to a target concept that can change on each round. One of our main contributions is a refine...
Learning with a Drifting Target Concept
2,892
We study the optimal rates of convergence for estimating a prior distribution over a VC class from a sequence of independent data sets respectively labeled by independent target functions sampled from the prior. We specifically derive upper and lower bounds on the optimal rates under a smoothness condition on the corre...
Bounds on the Minimax Rate for Estimating a Prior over a VC Class from Independent Learning Tasks
2,893
Lifelong reinforcement learning provides a promising framework for developing versatile agents that can accumulate knowledge over a lifetime of experience and rapidly learn new tasks by building upon prior knowledge. However, current lifelong learning methods exhibit non-vanishing regret as the amount of experience inc...
Safe Policy Search for Lifelong Reinforcement Learning with Sublinear Regret
2,894
Although deep neural networks (DNN) are able to scale with direct advances in computational power (e.g., memory and processing speed), they are not well suited to exploit the recent trends for parallel architectures. In particular, gradient descent is a sequential process and the resulting serial dependencies mean that...
Instant Learning: Parallel Deep Neural Networks and Convolutional Bootstrapping
2,895
Real-world machine learning applications may require functions that are fast-to-evaluate and interpretable. In particular, guaranteed monotonicity of the learned function can be critical to user trust. We propose meeting these goals for low-dimensional machine learning problems by learning flexible, monotonic functions...
Monotonic Calibrated Interpolated Look-Up Tables
2,896
This paper addresses an important issue, known as sensor drift that behaves a nonlinear dynamic property in electronic nose (E-nose), from the viewpoint of machine learning. Traditional methods for drift compensation are laborious and costly due to the frequent acquisition and labeling process for gases samples recalib...
Domain Adaptation Extreme Learning Machines for Drift Compensation in E-nose Systems
2,897
This paper presents an algorithm for efficient training of sparse linear models with elastic net regularization. Extending previous work on delayed updates, the new algorithm applies stochastic gradient updates to non-zero features only, bringing weights current as needed with closed-form updates. Closed-form delayed u...
Efficient Elastic Net Regularization for Sparse Linear Models
2,898
Online learning has been in the spotlight from the machine learning society for a long time. To handle massive data in Big Data era, one single learner could never efficiently finish this heavy task. Hence, in this paper, we propose a novel distributed online learning algorithm to solve the problem. Comparing to typica...
Differentially Private Distributed Online Learning
2,899