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Question: <p>I am playing with image color quantization algorithms. I have found this link</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/lokesh/color-thief" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Color Thief</a></p>
<p>where a javascript (a language that I have never studied) implementation of a modified median cut algorithm is presented. But... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42734830/how-to-change-this-javascript-code-to-show-a-modified-image |
Question: <pre><code>[2] frozen_graph_file = # path to frozen graph (.pb file)
[3] input_arrays = ["normalized_input_image_tensor"]
[4] output_arrays = ['TFLite_Detection_PostProcess',
[5] 'TFLite_Detection_PostProcess:1',
[6] 'TFLite_Detection_PostProcess:2',
[7] 'TFLite_D... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63771573/quantizing-object-detection-model |
Question: <p>Is it possible to achieve lossless compression in opencv without using an API such as libjpeg? I want to modify the DCT coefficients and get the same values when reading the image again. </p>
<p>I've tried to implement it like this : 8x8 RGB pixel blocks -> YCrCb -> DCT -> Quantization -> modify some coef... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55814800/lossless-jpeg-compression-in-opencv |
Question: <p>Having a trained '.h5' Keras model file, I'm trying to optimize inference time:</p>
<p>Explored 2 options:</p>
<ol>
<li>Accelerated inference via TensorRT</li>
<li>'int8' Quantization.</li>
</ol>
<p>At this point I can convert the model file to TensorFlow protobuf '.pb' format, but as a sidenote, it als... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56911455/tensorrt-tflite-sample-implementation |
Question: <p>I'm trying to use the quantization for a convolutional neural network in order to reduce memory occupation going from the FP32 bit data type to Int16 one. The problem is that I'm obtaining poor results and since it's the first time that I use this kind of representation I have some doubts about the correct... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75937617/how-can-i-improve-fixed-point-data-type-utilization |
Question: <p>I'm trying to quantize a model which uses <code>PReLU</code>. Replacing <code>PReLU</code> with <code>ReLU</code> is not possible as it drastically affects the network performance to the point its useless.</p>
<p>As far as I know, <code>PReLU</code> is not supported in Pytorch when it comes to quantization... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62891103/how-can-i-incorporate-prelu-in-a-quantized-model |
Question: <p>I have a model trained in keras which is a simple model trained on MNIST dataset.</p>
<p>What I try to do is to rewrite this model and run on FPGA device.
In order to do this I want to fully understand how quantized model works.</p>
<p>First I converted this model with post training quantization to .tfli... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53420994/run-quantized-tensorflow-model-on-fpga-pure-python |
Question: <p>I am currently doing a project on speaker verification using Hidden Markov Models. I chose MFCC for my feature extraction. I also intend to apply VQ to it. I have implemented HMM and tested it on Eisner's data spreadsheet found here: <a href="http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~jason/papers/" rel="nofollow">http://www.... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22338123/mfcc-vector-quantization-for-speaker-verification-hidden-markov-models |
Question: <p>I am creating a Python 3 application for steganography, specifically JPEG steganography. For this reason, I have to implement some basic JPEG compression to access the quantized DCT coefficients and embed bits into the LSBs. I have implemented all of this, but now I have a problem with saving the coefficie... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56442098/how-to-save-quantized-dct-coefficients-as-a-jpeg-image-with-python |
Question: <p>I have implemented GLCM Texture analysis on the Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. The imagery is high resolution. The parameters for the GLCM texture analysis are:</p>
<p><strong>Window size: 5x5</strong></p>
<p><strong>Quantizer: Probablistic Quantizer</strong> </p>
<p><strong>Quantization: 64 bit</strong> ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51330883/glcm-texture-analysis-in-sentinel-1-snap-toolbox-outputs-texture-with-min-and-ma |
Question: <p>I need to perform 'Inter-frame Prediction' and 'Motion Compensation' of a set of 30 frames for video processing in Matlab. I am working with Mother-daughter frames. </p>
<p><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/Ybd3T.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></p>
<p>What I have done so far is to take the very fi... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25278491/video-processing-inter-frame-prediction |
Question: <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/jualG.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/jualG.png" alt="loat ops found in quantized TensorFlow MobileNet model "></a></p>
<p>As you can see in the screenshot of a quantized MobileNet model implemented in TensorFlow, there are still some float ope... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48121702/float-ops-found-in-quantized-tensorflow-mobilenet-model |
Question: <p>Goal: Amend this <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime-inference-examples/blob/main/quantization/notebooks/bert/Bert-GLUE_OnnxRuntime_quantization.ipynb" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Notebook</a> to work with <strong>albert-base-v2</strong> model</p>
<p>Kernel: <code>conda_pytorch_p36</code>.</p>
... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70740565/optimize-albert-huggingface-model |
Question: <p>I am new to TensorFlow Lite and ran into a problem using a custom activation function (f(x) = x^2).</p>
<p>Making the model quantization aware, compiling, training and evaluating works fine. However, trying to convert the model has turned into a problem. I tried following the "Quantization aware training ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62194241/using-custom-activation-function-with-tf-lite |
Question: <p>I am developing an application for Visual duplicate detection. For that First i have extract Frames from video. Then i have calculate KeyFrame which has Highest RMS error. Now i have to calculate Features of different subregion of frames which are configured at various scales,
shapes and locations. Then I... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18787119/video-signature-extraction-in-matlab |
Question: <p>I am trying to implement JPEG compression using python. When I tried to apply the DCT, quantization, IDCT process for a tiff image, I found something strange for scipy.fftpack.dct/idct.</p>
<p>Since there is only 1D dct/idct within scipy package, I was doing this for a 2D dct</p>
<pre><code>import numpy ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34890585/in-scipy-why-doesnt-idctdcta-equal-to-a |
Question: <p>currently I am reading a paper about quantization in graph neural networks (<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.15823.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.15823.pdf</a>). On page two they talk about how you can approximate the dot product of two real-valued vectors a and b</p>
<p><a hr... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68890746/approximating-dot-product-between-two-real-valued-vectors-in-hamming-space |
Question: <p>I noticed that the Gradient Quantization compression method is already implemented in TFF framework. How about non-traditional compression methods where we select a sub-model by dropping some parts of the global model? I come across the "Federated Dropout" compression method in the paper "Ex... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63456963/other-compression-methods-for-federated-learning |
Question: <p>I have a custom built tensorflow graph implementing MobileNetV2-SSDLite which I implemented myself. It is working fine on the PC.</p>
<p>However, when I convert the model to TFLite (all float, no quantization), the model weights are changed drastically. </p>
<p>To give an example, a filter which was init... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52726632/tflite-conversion-changing-model-weights |
Question: <p><strong>I would like to search for a keyword in a large text content and output this line.
My example text are as follow:</strong></p>
<p>HSPICE simulation methods for the nestlist of the proposed RTD-based nanoarchitecture in order to verify
a candidate of image functions by using the afore-mentioned re... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19393021/php-search-keyword-and-output-this-line-where-keyword-be |
Question: <p>I'm designing a simple first order IIR filter for my Spartan-6 but I'm struggling with bus widths and coefficient quantization.</p>
<p>The input data is 16-bits wide comes from integrated ADCs and the quantization noise is the main noise contribution to the front end noise.</p>
<p>The input signal is fil... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29853221/vhdl-designing-a-simple-first-order-iir-filter |
Question: <p>I need to add quantization noise to my input data. I read often these kinds of noises are modeled as noise with uniform distribution. </p>
<p>I have an encoding/decoding network implemented with Keras (input data is time series raw data), there is a layer implemented in Keras with which you can add Gaussi... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58484545/how-to-add-a-noise-with-uniform-distribution-to-input-data-in-keras |
Question: <p>I'm currently implementing a custom loss function by modelling it as a Keras backend tensor. The loss function has different parts (such as a classification loss, a quantization loss or a pairwise distance loss)</p>
<p>The code looks something like this:</p>
<pre><code>...
different_class_loss = K.log(1 + ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72437087/is-there-a-way-to-monitor-the-different-subtensors-of-a-custom-keras-backend-los |
Question: <p>I am doing some experiments on my own about quantization processes etc.</p>
<p>I try to implement a binarization process which makes a "binary string" which will get processed by xor afterwards and some other stuff.</p>
<p>Anyhow the binarization is the following, where d and u are some numbers that will... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19139748/java-binary-series-representation |
Question: <p><strong>A Note For Readers: This is a long question, but it needs a background to understand the question asked.</strong></p>
<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_quantization" rel="nofollow noreferrer">color quantization technique</a> is commonly used to get the <em>dominant colors</em> of... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33312362/generate-the-dominant-colors-for-an-rgb-image-with-xmlhttprequest |
Question: <p>I've recently inherited a keras based network from a colleague, and I want to quantize it down to 8 bit fixed point.</p>
<p>Unfortunately I'm not overly familiar with keras itself.</p>
<p>I've been looking around, and there doesn't seem to be any easy methods to do this, without converting to something l... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54525193/keras-manual-quantization |
Question: <p>Could you tell me please if there is a suitable quantizing method in the following case (preferrably implemented in python)?</p>
<p>There is an input range where majority of values are within +-2 std from mean, while some huge outliers are present.
E.g. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1000]
Quantizing it to output range o... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/72894055/method-to-quantize-a-range-of-values-to-keep-precision-when-signficant-outliers |
Question: <p>For quick reference here is a github <a href="https://github.com/DimitryRakhlei/MediaCompression" rel="nofollow">link</a>.</p>
<p>I am attempting to implement a simple JPEG compression.
I will provide some of the more notable methods.</p>
<p>The issue is that I am not seeing any notable runs of 0 so my R... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35514018/quantized-dct-not-yielding-runs-of-0 |
Question: <p>This should really be a question for the NVIDIA team, but they are notoriously bad in providing support, so I am hoping instead that someone intimately familiar with the TensorRT C++ API can help me out.</p>
<p>I am unable to put a full minimum reproducible example in this code here, as there is a lot of b... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76715132/tensorrt-post-training-quantization-int8-generates-incorrect-results |
Question: <p>I'm working on a TensorFlow model to be deployed on an embedded system. For this purpose, I need to quantize the model to int8.
The model is composed of three distinct models:</p>
<ol>
<li>CNN as a feature extractor</li>
<li>TCN for temporal prediction</li>
<li>FC/Dense as last classfier.</li>
</ol>
<p>I i... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66731194/tensorflow-quantization-failed-to-parse-the-model-pybind11init-factory-f |
Question: <p>I wrote a k-means clustering algorithm and a color quantization algorithm. They work as expected in terms of results but I want to make them faster. In both implementations I need to solve a problem: there are two arrays of points in a 3D space, then for each point of the first array, you need to find the... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53264167/closest-point-algorithm-how-to-improve-it |
Question: <p>I'm implementing a quantization algorithm from a textbook. I'm at a point where things pretty much work, except I get off-by-one errors when rounding. This is what the textbook has to say about that:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Rounded division by <code>2^p</code> may be carried out by adding an offset and ri... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6135157/rounded-division-by-power-of-2 |
Question: <p>I have an algorithm used for signal quantization. For the algorithm I have an equation to calculate its complexity with different values of parameters. This algorithm is implemented in C. Sometimes according to the equation I have less complexity but the running time is higher. I'm not 100% sure about the ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37438314/algorithm-complexity-vs-running-time |
Question: <p>I found a similar question asked here <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19128859/determining-cluster-membership-in-som-self-organizing-map-for-time-series-data?rq=1">Determining cluster membership in SOM (Self Organizing Map) for time series data</a></p>
<p>and I want to learn how to apply self... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40956532/matlab-can-som-and-kmeans-be-applied-to-binarize-time-series-data |
Question: <p>I'm trying to implement JPEG compression in python and so far I have done the following steps</p>
<ul>
<li>Color Space conversion</li>
<li>Downscaling chrominance channels</li>
<li>8x8 block splitting ( adds padding if size is not perfect )</li>
<li>DCT</li>
<li>Quantization</li>
<li>ZigZag Ordering</li>
<... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78916934/encoding-ac-and-dc-cofficients-in-jpeg-compression-after-zigzag-ordering |
Question: <p>I've been looking into implementations of Hidden Markov Models in C++ lately. I was wondering If I could use any of the existing HMM libraries written in C++ out there to use
with Action Recognition (with OpenCV)?</p>
<p>I'm tying to AVOID "re-inventing the wheel"!</p>
<p>Is it possible to use <a href="h... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8562545/hidden-markov-models-with-c |
Question: <p>I am having a slightly odd problem trying to quantize and dither an RGB image. Ideally, I should be able to implement a suitable algorithm in Java or use a Java library, but references to implementations in other languages may be helpful as well.</p>
<p>The following is given as input:</p>
<ul>
<li><code... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21472245/color-quantization-with-n-out-of-m-predefined-colors |
Question: <p>I am implementing color quantization that works in iterations. During each iteration, a new color palette is built up, and then that palette is searched through many times for the palette entry that best matches a given RGB triplet.</p>
<p>Also, I need to be able to access the palette in an array-like fas... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57542028/need-a-suggestion-for-a-color-palette-data-structure-for-iterative-color-quantiz |
Question: <p>I have a piece of code that needs to conform to a research paper's implementation of a color quantization algorithm for a 256 entry LUT whose 24-bit color entries are derived from a "population count" color histogram algorithm. The problem is that I don't know how the authors originally implemented their h... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58399642/question-regarding-color-histogram-based-methods-of-generating-color-lookup-up-t |
Question: <p>I would like to know how I can transfer PIL images to FFMPY to save it as video, or gif, since the PIL library's quantization method has strong quality losses in certain cases. I first do some modifications with PIL, and then want to export and save the result.</p>
<p>I did not find any information on the ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76305884/importing-pil-images-into-ffmpy-ffmpeg-to-save-as-gif-video |
Question: <p>I have a study assignment where I need to write a Java program to trace (vectorize) images. </p>
<p>I may only use the JDK 1.5 and up; so, I'll have to implement some algorithms where required. </p>
<p>The program has to pass the following steps:</p>
<ol>
<li>Color reduction (color quantization); [for a... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19874745/what-parts-of-the-image-tracing-process-can-be-handled-by-classes-in-the-jdk |
Question: <p>I couldn't help myself so once again I'm asking you for help. This time I will show the problem better than last time, I hope.</p>
<p>I'm writing a program to check if Quantization have any influence on image sizes. To do that I need to have implemented : </p>
<ol>
<li>Open PNG Image <em>(done)</em></li>... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44764631/c-png-image-saving-with-selected-filter |
Question: <p>Recently I'm researching through possible ways of encoding images into compact binary descriptors that allows for fast image matching in a large corpus and came across <a href="http://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~kevinlin311.tw/cvpr16-deepbit.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this paper</a> written by Kevin Lin and... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51280164/in-the-cvpr16-paper-deepbit-by-kevin-lin-et-al-is-it-a-typo-in-the-loss-func |
Question: <p>I'm trying to speed up my implementation of "kmeans" clustering to minimize the number of colors in the image yet keep it pretty. It's extremely slow on the image 1000x1000 with k=32. But the function gives a perfect color/tone match (which is crucial) in comparison with the other tested approach... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69062479/how-to-speed-up-color-quantization-via-kmeans-clustering |
Question: <p>I'm trying to make a script for creating halftone dither. Script should take an rgb image and convert it to four png files for all CMYK channels, each being a bitmap with according threshold pattern, as in this image:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/gBIvo.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">halftone</a><... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43953119/how-to-implement-imagemagick-command-for-halftone-dither-into-ruby-script |
Question: <p>I have a problem with my code in implementing the JPEG compression using OpenCV and C++. On the encoder and after the code does the DCT when I add a line of code, which converts the planes from 32-bit floating-point to 8-bit unsigned, I get some weird output as you can see below. After this conversion, bes... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77307475/wrong-result-after-converting-image-from-floating-point-to-unsigned-in-implement |
Question: <p>I'm trying to apply DPO to a pre-trained model. However, during the training process, the scores given by the pre-trained model and the fine-tuned model are identical, and the loss remains the same across all batches, leading me to believe the weights are not being updated. My training method is given belo... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78664372/pretrained-model-weights-not-updating-during-dpo-training |
Question: <p><a href="https://i.sstatic.net/657AD55B.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.sstatic.net/657AD55B.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>The above image captures an excerpt from the original DPO paper.</p>
<p><strong>My current understanding of the DPO process is as follows:</s... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78922265/how-should-the-dpo-algorithm-be-executed-when-the-sft-model-is-unavailable |
Question: <p>Is there a way to identify similar words and convert it into one word before match against training model using Stanford NLP library?</p>
<p>For example, user inputs could be:</p>
<ol>
<li>DashPro</li>
<li>Dash Pro</li>
<li>dpo</li>
<li>Dash</li>
</ol>
<p>For all the above inputs, the return result should ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79546447/standford-nlp-library-how-to-identify-similar-words-dash-dashpro-dash-pro |
Question: <p>I want to optimize an LLM based on DPO. When I tried to train and evaluate the model, but there are nan values in the evaluation results.</p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre><code>import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
from datasets import Dataset
from trl import DPOTrain... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78685861/optimizing-an-llm-using-dpo-nan-loss-values-during-evaluation |
Question: <p>I'm trying to fine-tune the "unsloth/Llama-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct" model using the DPOTrainer from trl. My dataset is trl-lib/rlaif-v, and I verified its format aligns with the requirements for DPO training. However, when I run the code on Kaggle, I encounter the following error during training:... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79244854/typeerror-empty-like-argument-input-position-1-must-be-tensor-not-nonet |
Question: <p>When I try to import a pre-trained fine tuned model from hugging face to jupyter notebook it's shows that the Kernel Restarting: The kernel for .ipynb appears to have died. It will restart automatically.</p>
<pre><code>from transformers import pipeline
pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model=&q... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77658327/hugging-face-model-import-error-to-jupyter-notebook |
Question: <p>When I load the model I use device_map to use cuda:1 still it seems that the model and training are on different cores. How should I properly do this?</p>
<p>Code running at Tesla T4 below:</p>
<pre><code># load the base model in 4-bit quantization
bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
load_in_4bit=True,
... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76929997/fine-tune-llama2-on-cuda1 |
Question: <p>I have been trying to do DPO on the Llava models (llava-hf/llava-v1.6-mistral-7b-hf) and came across the training script Llava folks provided and realized that all the multimodal linear layers are ignored when selecting LORA targets. Can someone please explain why?</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/LLaVA-... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/79476319/linear-layers-for-lora |
Question: <p>I am having a problem using the <code>tryCatch()</code> function in R in a function I created.</p>
<p>What I want to do is this:</p>
<ol>
<li>simulate data based on model results</li>
<li>analyze simulated data using my <code>gamlss</code> model</li>
<li>use the <code>predict</code> function to extract mod... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64638070/predicting-data-from-gamlss-model-in-handler-function-using-trycatch-in-r |
Question: <p>In this great <a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321834577" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">book</a> about Domain-Driven Design, a chapter is dedicated to the user interface and its relationship to domain objects.</p>
<p>One point that confuses me is the comparison... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20788646/ddd-presenter-pattern-vs-use-case-optimal-query |
Question: <p>I want to show record into user's profile related to user. I am trying to do this unfortunately it's not showing record related to user. How to do this?</p>
<p><strong>Database</strong></p>
<pre><code> digitizing_orders table has user_id
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Digitizingorder</strong></p>
<p... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61463879/how-to-show-record-int-profile-related-to-user-using-laravel |
Question: <p>I am trying to fetch digitizing order related to the user but unfortunately, I am facing an error.</p>
<p>Please see this error: <a href="https://flareapp.io/share/VmeWJ47Q" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://flareapp.io/share/VmeWJ47Q</a></p>
<p><strong>Controller</strong></p>
<pre><code>public function in... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61896917/trying-to-get-property-first-name-of-non-object |
Question: <p>I want to finetune an LLM. I am able to successfully finetune LLM. But when reload the model after save, gets error. Below is the code</p>
<pre><code>import argparse
import numpy as np
import torch
from datasets import load_dataset
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
from trl impo... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78712878/size-mismatch-for-embed-out-weight-copying-a-param-with-shape-torch-size0-f |
Question: <p>The OPL model is in the code box.<br />
My problem concerns the scheduling of the icu beds and I have a MIQP (mixed integer quadratic program) formulation.<br />
The goal is to level out the positive and negative deviation of the beds in intensive care,<br />
so that the use of one bed is balanced.<br />... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63934728/cyclic-mss-for-icu-beds-help-writing-the-code-cplex |
Question: <p>I'm currently implementing a triplet network to recognise if two images are describing the same 3d-model or not, but I have some problems with the results, the distances between anchor-positive is always equal to the distance between anchor-negative. </p>
<p>Here the code of my loss function :</p>
<pre><... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50621897/triplet-network-loss-function-and-equal-distances |
Question: <p>I want to use deepspeed for training LLMs along with Huggingface Trainer. But when I use deepspeed along with trainer I get error "AttributeError: 'DummyOptim' object has no attribute 'step'". Below is my code</p>
<pre><code>import argparse
import numpy as np
import torch
from datasets import lo... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78697835/deepspeed-attributeerror-dummyoptim-object-has-no-attribute-step |
Question: <p>I'm running ubuntu server and have tried installing libiio packages from both source and apt-get repositories. I can detect the adalm pluto sdr device with iio_info -s (as root because I have not installed the udev rules) but it does not assume an ip address (e.g. 192.168.2.1) like it does on ubuntu 20.04 ... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71949828/adalm-pluto-works-on-ubuntu-but-not-on-ubuntu-server-20-04-lts |
Question: <p>i'm using odoo 9 and i want to install module "product_print_zpl_barcode" with add a wizard on product variant which allows to generate and print a product barcode on a ZPL printer . When i press on the button "Print barcode" an error shows which said " AttributeError: 'product.pricelist' object has no att... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50290468/errorattributeerror-product-pricelist-object-has-no-attribute-get-product-p |
Question: <p>I am currently trying out linuxkit external disk.
However, getty is getting stuck whenever I placed binds definition, it would not go pass the login prompt. </p>
<pre><code>kernel:
image: linuxkit/kernel:4.9.52
cmdline: "console=tty0 console=ttyS0 console=ttyAMA0"
init:
- linuxkit/init:7804129bd062... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46545259/linuxkit-getty-getting-stuck |
Question: <p>I am building a questionnarie. When a user clicks on an answer possibility for a multiple choice question (this is a radio button), i call an action method to save this answer. </p>
<p>The code:</p>
<pre><code><script language="javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
$('.MCQRadio').click... | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7131500/should-i-use-threads-when-executing-action-method-through-ajax |
Question: <p>I'm implementing Fourier transformation in my analysis and I wanted dig a bit deeper on the reasons why the absolute value of Fourier transformation is usually multiplied by the constant <span class="math-container">$2/N$</span> to get the peak amplitude value of a sinewave with certain frequency.</p>
<p>I... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/48049/understanding-where-the-constant-2-n-comes-from-in-fourier-transformation |
Question: <p>The following relation gives me the measurements of interest <span class="math-container">$w$</span> at equally distanced locations <span class="math-container">$x_j$</span> in space:</p>
<p><span class="math-container">$$w_j=\sum_{m=1}^{11}A_m\sin\left(\frac{mπx_j}{L}\right)$$</span></p>
<p>where <span cl... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/70037/how-to-determine-the-sine-fourier-coefficients-of-discrete-data |
Question: <p>I got the following paragraph from the book "A wavelet tour of signal processing" chapter one, page 2.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Fourier transform is everywhere in physics and mathematics because
<strong>it diagonalizes time-invariant convolution operators</strong>. It rules over linear time-invari... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/71261/fourier-transform-diagonalizes-time-invariant-convolution-operators |
Question: <p>I know that in general it transforms the signal from the time to the frequency field but these specific cases seem pretty demanding. Do I calculate each part separately and then just leave them with convolution between them? Or do I have to calculate any integrals?</p>
<p><span class="math-container">\begi... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/72820/the-fourier-transform-of-sinusoids-products-with-possible-other-components |
Question: <p>A signal might have both continuous and discrete parts (where the "discrete" parts are regions where a sinusoidal Fourier transform would be subject to unnecessary Gibbs Noise). So I would think that it could be useful, even if it would require an entirely different implementation strategy.</p>
<p>If it i... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/158/is-it-possible-for-a-signal-to-be-represented-by-both-sinusoidal-and-rectang |
Question: <p>I would like to know the relation between the parameters $\{\omega_k,A_k\;|\;k\in\mathbb{Z}\}$ of a series $\sum_kA_ksin(\omega_kx)$ and a related series, for example, $\sum_kA_k^2sin^2(\omega_kx)$.</p>
<p>I would also like to know why a multiplicity of peaks appears in the FT when the components of a ser... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/1303/basic-question-about-trigonometric-series-and-transforms-thereof |
Question: <p>I'm working from an example posted <a href="http://www.mathworks.com/help/techdoc/math/brentm1-1.html" rel="nofollow">here</a>. I understand the steps to acquire the fourier transform and can clearly see the spikes at normalized frequencies at 15 and 40 Hz from the 0-centered periodogram. Knowing this, I... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/3231/signal-reconstruction-after-fourier-transform |
Question: <p>What is the role of complex exponential $ e^{jθ} $ in Fourier Transform? Is it different in the continuous and in discrete time domain?</p>
Answer: <p>Euler's relationship says that $e^{j\Theta}$ is equal to $cos(\Theta) + j*sin(\Theta)$. The Fourier Transform can then be seen as correlating the signal w... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/8482/what-is-the-role-of-complex-exponential |
Question: <p>I've been using F-K Filter, for a while, but I guess I never had good basic understanding about it Math. Someone asked me what is the cause of frequency wrap around in F-K Spectra plot ? I know it's because of aliasing. But if somebody please elaborate more on the cause of this wrap around? Simple Math exp... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/10036/spatial-aliasing-wrap-around-f-k-spectra |
Question: <p>Say I have a signal that is not x-indexed. That is, the x-axis of the signal is the distance traversed by car and the y-axis is the heading direction of the car at the corresponding distance.</p>
<p>Can I apply the Fourier Transform to this signal?
If so, what is the physical meaning of this transformatio... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/10783/can-i-apply-fourier-transform-to-a-non-time-indexed-signal |
Question: <p>Could someone explain to me why the computation speed for the fast Fourier transform increases by padding the series with zeros to the point that its length is close to a power of 2? This is common in the matlab environment, for example: </p>
<p><a href="http://www.mathworks.co.uk/help/matlab/ref/fft.html... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/10933/fourier-transform-to-the-power-of-two |
Question: <p>The following integral (perhaps fourier tranform of $\sin (t \omega)$ ) is not convergent:</p>
<p>$\int_{-\infty }^{\infty } e^{-i t \omega } \sin (t \omega ) \, dt$</p>
<p>As, $\sin (t \omega)$ is NOT an Energy Signal (but a Power Signal), then how come we get successful in finding the fourier transform... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/14990/sin-t-omega-is-not-an-energy-signal-then-how-come-its-fourier-transform-d |
Question: <p>This is an example from my text book of a continuous signal:
$$x_{in}(t)=\sin \left( 2\pi \cdot 1000 \cdot t\right) + 0.5\sin \left( 2\pi \cdot 2000 \cdot t + \dfrac{3\pi}{4} \right) $$
So to perform a fourier transform on this signal, how to do that, isn't it a bit funny, since it has two sine components.... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/16582/fourier-transform-form-two-sin-components-a-phase-shift-a-magnitude-for-onl |
Question: <p>Ok, so we have an image that is a Fourier inverse of the original picture. We want to get the original picture back. We use Matlab to get that job done. We import the image and then we invert it with the help of ifft(), this gives us a matrix with complex numbers. But to get the original picture we need to... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/18251/what-part-of-complex-number-of-inverse-discrete-fourier-transform |
Question: <p>I am given the following signal:</p>
<p>$$[e^{-at}cos(w_{o}t)]u(t),\ a>0$$</p>
<p>Then I am told to find the Fourier Transform, which tells me I need an answer of the form:
$$X(jw)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty \! x(t)e^{-jwt} \, \mathrm{d}t.$$</p>
<p>I know I can reset the bounds of my integral with the un... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/18967/fourier-transform-problem-absolute-value-time-saving-tricks-etc |
Question: <p>I have a x[n] = $\delta$[n].
By formula is should be</p>
<p>$$</p>
<p>X[k]= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \delta[n]W_N^{kn}</p>
<p>X[k]= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} e^{-j2*pi*kn/N}</p>
<p>$$</p>
<p>The formulae isn't showing for some reason. I took a screenshot of what I got here: <a href="https://imgur.com/6j0Ibgu" rel="no... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/19509/why-is-the-dfs-of-a-delta-function-equal-to-1 |
Question: <p>Let us consider $x_1(t)$, $x_2(t)$, $x_3(t)$, all the same within some some duration 0 to $T$ but all different outside this interval. Now let us multiply each of these signals with $w(t)$, a window function - nonzero from 0 to $T$ but 0 outside this interval. So the multiplication of this $w(t)$ with ea... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/23085/can-convolution-of-one-signal-with-different-signals-give-the-same-answer |
Question: <p>We know that integration gives area under the curve. And that FT is also an integration. How do we interpret FT in terms of the area under the curve especially because e^(jwt) is a complex term? In general, while dealing with complex terms in integration can we relate to some area?</p>
Answer: <p>Since... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/23099/what-is-fourier-transform-in-terms-of-area-under-the-curve |
Question: <p>I remember reading that in (discrete) Fourier transform for signals with even numbered N for length, the sine and cosine count is equal. Is this correct?</p>
<p>A bit of analysis:</p>
<p>N=1, there is only DC offset, which is a cosine wave of unlimited length.</p>
<p>N=2, Now, in addition to the DC offs... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/23323/fourier-transforms-sine-and-cosine-count-as-n-grows |
Question: <p>Mathematically, suppose I have a function $f(t)=\sum_k c_k e^{-i \omega_kt}$, where $\omega_k$ may not fall in $[0,2\pi]$. With an analytical Fourier transform, I can get a sum of delta functions centered at those frequencies. Now, I only have $N$ evenly-spaced points of $f(t_j)$ in the time domain $[0,T]$... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/27022/numerical-fourier-transform-for-exact-frequency |
Question: <p>Is the following equation established?</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}s(t)r^*(t)dt=\int_W S(f)R^*(f)df $$</p>
<p>$$s(t)\xrightarrow{\text{Fourier Transform}}S(f) $$</p>
<p>$$r(t)\xrightarrow{\text{Fourier Transform}}R(f) $$</p>
</blockquote>
Answer: <p>It's a version of <a href=... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/27315/is-the-following-equation-established |
Question: <p>Which one of the following is actually a definition of frequency shift property
$$e^{j\omega_0 t}x(t)\leftrightarrow X(j\omega - \omega_0) \tag{1}$$
$$e^{j\omega_0 t}x(t)\leftrightarrow X(j(\omega - \omega_0)) \tag{2}$$<hr>
<strong>Is frequency shift applicaple in all the situations?</strong><hr></p>
<p>C... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/27383/frequency-shift-property-of-fourier-transform |
Question: <p>E.g. the constant Q-transform is built by adding so called "Fourier filters".</p>
<p>What's a "Fourier filter"?</p>
Answer: <p>People (usually from fields outside signal processing) sometimes use the term <a href="http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~toh/spectrum/FourierFilter.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Four... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/27566/whats-a-fourier-filter |
Question: <p>I want to find the following: $\mathfrak{F}[{\Pi}_{a}(t)\cos(2{\pi}f_{0}t)]$ <br>
<br>
I first did: $\mathfrak{F}[{\Pi}_{a}(t)] = 2a\text{ sinc}(2af)$ <br>
<br>then: $\mathfrak{F}[\cos(2{\pi}f_{0}t)] = \frac{1}{2}[\delta(f-f_{0})+\delta(f+f_{0})]$ <br></p>
<p>So: $$\begin{align}\mathfrak{F}[{\Pi}_{a}(t)\c... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/28317/fourier-transform-of-pi-at-cos2-pif-0t |
Question: <p>Digital signal <a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/index.php?index=C04&lang=en" rel="nofollow">UT1-UTC</a> is not periodic but is including many sinusoids (periodic elements in IERS nomenclature) that are not multiples of some fundamental. For example tidal sinusoids are not multiples of yearly seas... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/28599/is-it-possible-exctract-sinusoids-from-non-periodic-signal |
Question: <p>As one starts learning signal processing, then comes inevitably the topic of Fourier Transforms. Unfortunately I have difficulties not in computing but in interpreting the results of the Fourier Transforms, in particular the one being Continuous-Time Fourier Transform, CTFT, of the signal $x(t)$ which is: ... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/28856/what-information-does-fourier-transform-carry |
Question: <p>I have discrete Fourier transformation results from measurements. Looking at the signal from the time domain perspective, I want to shift the signal on the $x$-axis to the left or right.</p>
<p>Which transformation in the frequency-domain results in a left/right shift in the time-domain?</p>
Answer: <p>I... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/29035/which-transformation-in-frequency-domain-equals-a-x-axis-shift-of-a-signal-in-ti |
Question: <p>I've read somewhere that the Fast Fourier is only applicable to those processes exhibiting bandwidth. Where as principal component analysis can be applied to a process exhibiting any finite bandwidth. Why is this?</p>
<p>The band width is simply the difference in the upper and lower frequencies in a cont... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/29893/bandwidth-range-for-fast-fourier-vs-principal-component-analysis |
Question: <p>I have studied that Fourier transform changes the domain of a signal from time to frequency, and in that way it is a 90 degree shift. When it comes to Fractional Fourier Transform a generalization of Fourier Transform, the resulting transform can lie anywhere between time and frequency domain depending on ... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/30523/how-is-linear-canonical-transform-a-generalization-of-fractional-fourier-transfo |
Question: <p>Based on <a href="https://dsp.stackexchange.com/a/14935/23552">this</a> answer. Once you have your DFT in the unit sound pressure RMS, what is the correct method for getting the sound pressure RMS sum over multiple bins (if for example you're trying to get the total RMS over a frequency band)?</p>
Answer:... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/34036/how-to-do-addition-of-sound-pressure-rms-in-a-dft |
Question: <p>In my DSP course we are learning right now about the Time-dependent Fourier Transform (TDFT), but I can't find any information about it online. </p>
<p>My professor said that it is similar to the Short-time Fourier Transform which I can find information about, except that whereas the STFT has a fixed sign... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/34967/time-dependent-fourier-transform-tdft |
Question: <p>If $N$ is discrete Fourier transform's frame length, and $N/2$ is half the frame length, how would you call $\frac N2 + 1$? </p>
<pre><code>frame_length = N ;
frame_length_half = N/2 ;
? = N/2 + 1;
</code></pre>
Answer: <p>Using your notations: <code>number_frequency_bin</cod... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/35528/what-is-fourier-frame-length-2-1 |
Question: <p>I am a computer science student and want to do some stuff with audio data. I want to use the DFT to analyze and synthesize some sounds. Before going to the more complex stuff I experimented with basic tones and found some issues I do not understand - therefore I want to ask for help in this physics forum.<... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/36596/taking-the-fft-of-a-sinusoidal-signal-and-going-back |
Question: <ol>
<li>Time-shifting property: $x[n-n_d] \xrightarrow{\mathscr{F}} e^{-j\omega n_d} X(e^{j\omega}) $</li>
<li>Fourier-Transform of cosine-signal: $\cos(\omega_0n) \xrightarrow{\mathscr{F}} \frac{1}{2}(\delta(\omega - \omega_0) + \delta(\omega+\omega_0)) $</li>
</ol>
<p>Combining 1. & 2. together, I am ... | https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/36675/application-of-the-time-shifting-property-in-case-of-fourier-transform-of-cosine |
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