title string | abstract string | url string | arxiv_id string | date string | category string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2D-3D Interlaced Transformer for Point Cloud Segmentation with Scene-Level Supervision | We present a Multimodal Interlaced Transformer (MIT) that jointly considers 2D and 3D data for weakly supervised point cloud segmentation. Research studies have shown that 2D and 3D features are complementary for point cloud segmentation. However, existing methods require extra 2D annotations to achieve 2D-3D informati... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.12817v2 | 2310.12817 | 2023-10-19 | cybersecurity |
2D3D-MatchNet: Learning to Match Keypoints Across 2D Image and 3D Point Cloud | Large-scale point cloud generated from 3D sensors is more accurate than its
image-based counterpart. However, it is seldom used in visual pose estimation
due to the difficulty in obtaining 2D-3D image to point cloud correspondences.
In this paper, we propose the 2D3D-MatchNet - an end-to-end deep network
architecture t... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09742v1 | 1904.09742 | 2019-04-22 | cybersecurity |
2D3D-MATR: 2D-3D Matching Transformer for Detection-free Registration between Images and Point Clouds | The commonly adopted detect-then-match approach to registration finds difficulties in the cross-modality cases due to the incompatible keypoint detection and inconsistent feature description. We propose, 2D3D-MATR, a detection-free method for accurate and robust registration between images and point clouds. Our method ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.05667v2 | 2308.05667 | 2023-08-10 | cybersecurity |
2D/3D Megavoltage Image Registration Using Convolutional Neural Networks | We presented a 2D/3D MV image registration method based on a Convolutional
Neural Network. Most of the traditional image registration method
intensity-based, which use optimization algorithms to maximize the similarity
between to images. Although these methods can achieve good results for
kilovoltage images, the same d... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.11816v1 | 1811.11816 | 2018-11-28 | cybersecurity |
2D-3D Pose Consistency-based Conditional Random Fields for 3D Human Pose Estimation | This study considers the 3D human pose estimation problem in a single RGB
image by proposing a conditional random field (CRF) model over 2D poses, in
which the 3D pose is obtained as a byproduct of the inference process. The
unary term of the proposed CRF model is defined based on a powerful heat-map
regression network... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03986v2 | 1704.03986 | 2017-04-13 | cybersecurity |
2D/3D Pose Estimation and Action Recognition using Multitask Deep Learning | Action recognition and human pose estimation are closely related but both
problems are generally handled as distinct tasks in the literature. In this
work, we propose a multitask framework for jointly 2D and 3D pose estimation
from still images and human action recognition from video sequences. We show
that a single ar... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.09232v2 | 1802.09232 | 2018-02-26 | cybersecurity |
2D-3D Pose Tracking with Multi-View Constraints | Camera localization in 3D LiDAR maps has gained increasing attention due to its promising ability to handle complex scenarios, surpassing the limitations of visual-only localization methods. However, existing methods mostly focus on addressing the cross-modal gaps, estimating camera poses frame by frame without conside... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.11335v1 | 2309.11335 | 2023-09-20 | cybersecurity |
2D Active Brownian run-and-tumble particles moment analysis | We study an active Brownian run-and-tumble particle (ABRTP) model, that consists of an active Brownian run state during which the active velocity of the particle diffuses on the unit circle, and a tumble state during which the active velocity is zero, both with exponentially distributed time. Additionally we add a harm... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20352v1 | 2504.20352 | 2025-04-29 | cybersecurity |
2D additive small-world network with distance-dependent interactions | In this work, we have employed Monte Carlo calculations to study the Ising model on a 2D additive small-world network with long-range interactions depending on the geometric distance between interacting sites. The network is initially defined by a regular square lattice and with probability $p$ each site is tested for ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.02033v1 | 2409.02033 | 2024-09-03 | cybersecurity |
2D Ambipolar Vertical Transistors as Control-free Reconfigurable Logic Devices | As transistor footprint scales down to sub-10 nm regime, the process development for advancing to further technology nodes has encountered slowdowns. Achieving greater functionality within a single chip requires concurrent development at the device, circuit, and system levels. Reconfigurable transistors possess the cap... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.08746v1 | 2309.08746 | 2023-09-15 | cybersecurity |
2D Amodal Instance Segmentation Guided by 3D Shape Prior | Amodal instance segmentation aims to predict the complete mask of the occluded instance, including both visible and invisible regions. Existing 2D AIS methods learn and predict the complete silhouettes of target instances in 2D space. However, masks in 2D space are only some observations and samples from the 3D model i... | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-19818-2_10 | null | 2022-06-01 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D CNN-Based Fusion Approach for COVID-19 Severity Prediction from 3D CT-Scans | Since the appearance of Covid-19 in late 2019, Covid-19 has become an active research topic for the artificial intelligence (AI) community. One of the most interesting AI topics is Covid-19 analysis of medical imaging. CT-scan imaging is the most informative tool about this disease. This work is part of the 3nd COV19D ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08740v1 | 2303.08740 | 2023-03-15 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D Computer Graphics Algorithms under MorphoSys | This paper presents new mappings of 2D and 3D geometrical transformation on
the MorphoSys (M1) reconfigurable computing (RC) prototype [2]. This improves
the system performance as a graphics accelerator [1-5]. Three algorithms are
mapped including two for calculating 2D transformations, and one for 3D
transformations. ... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12609v1 | 1904.12609 | 2019-04-11 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations perturbed by a subdifferential and applications to control problems | The following convective Brinkman-Forchheimer (CBF) equations (or damped Navier-Stokes equations) with potential \begin{equation*} \frac{\partial \boldsymbol{y}}{\partial t}-\mu \Delta\boldsymbol{y}+(\boldsymbol{y}\cdot\nabla)\boldsymbol{y}+\alpha\boldsymbol{y}+\beta|\boldsymbol{y}|^{r-1}\boldsymbol{y}+\nabla p+\Psi(\b... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.01527v2 | 2301.01527 | 2023-01-04 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D CT Radiomic Features Performance Comparison in Characterization of Gastric Cancer: A Multi-center Study | Objective: Radiomics, an emerging tool for medical image analysis, is potential towards precisely characterizing gastric cancer (GC). Whether using one-slice 2D annotation or whole-volume 3D annotation remains a long-time debate, especially for heterogeneous GC. We comprehensively compared 2D and 3D radiomic features' ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.16640v1 | 2210.16640 | 2022-10-29 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D Deep Learning Models for MRI-based Parkinson's Disease Classification: A Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Graph Convolutional Networks | Parkinson's Disease (PD) diagnosis remains challenging. This study applies Convolutional Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (ConvKANs), integrating learnable spline-based activation functions into convolutional layers, for PD classification using structural MRI. The first 3D implementation of ConvKANs for medical imaging is pr... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17380v2 | 2407.17380 | 2024-07-24 | cybersecurity |
2-D and 3-D Models of Convective Turbulence and Oscillations in Intermediate-Mass Main-Sequence Stars | We present multidimensional modeling of convection and oscillations in
main-sequence stars somewhat more massive than the Sun, using three separate
approaches: 1) Using the 3-D planar StellarBox radiation hydrodynamics code to
model the envelope convection zone and part of the radiative zone. Our goals
are to examine t... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04455v1 | 1605.04455 | 2016-05-14 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D Segmentation of uncertain local collagen fiber orientations in SHG microscopy | Collagen fiber orientations in bones, visible with Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, represent the inner structure and its alteration due to influences like cancer. While analyses of these orientations are valuable for medical research, it is not feasible to analyze the needed large amounts of local orientat... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.12868v1 | 1907.12868 | 2019-07-30 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D topological phases in BiTe$X$ compounds | Recently, it was shown that quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) phase with a
gap wide enough for practical applications can be realized in the ultra thin
films constructed from two inversely stacked structural elements of trivial
band insulator BiTeI. Here, we study the edge states in the free-standing
Bi$_2$Te$_2$I$_2$... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.08127v1 | 1706.08127 | 2017-06-25 | cybersecurity |
2D and 3D Vascular Structures Enhancement via Multiscale Fractional Anisotropy Tensor | The detection of vascular structures from noisy images is a fundamental
process for extracting meaningful information in many applications. Most
well-known vascular enhancing techniques often rely on Hessian-based filters.
This paper investigates the feasibility and deficiencies of detecting
curve-like structures using... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00550v1 | 1902.00550 | 2019-02-01 | cybersecurity |
2D Anderson Localization and KPZ sub-Universality Classes : sensitivity to boundary conditions and insensitivity to symmetry classes | We challenge two foundational principles of localization physics by analyzing conductance fluctuations in two dimensions with unprecedented precision: (i) the Thouless criterion, which defines localization as insensitivity to boundary conditions, and (ii) that symmetry determines the universality class of Anderson loca... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17010v1 | 2504.17010 | 2025-04-23 | cybersecurity |
2D antiscatter grid and scatter sampling based CBCT pipeline for image guided radiation therapy | Poor tissue visualization and quantitative accuracy in CBCT is a major barrier in expanding the role of CBCT imaging from target localization to quantitative treatment monitoring and plan adaptations in radiation therapy sessions. To further improve image quality in CBCT, 2D antiscatter grid based scatter rejection was... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.09095v1 | 2308.09095 | 2023-08-17 | cybersecurity |
2D-AoI: Age-of-Information of Distributed Sensors for Spatio-Temporal Processes | The freshness of sensor data is critical for all types of cyber-physical systems. An established measure for quantifying data freshness is the Age-of-Information (AoI), which has been the subject of extensive research. Recently, there has been increased interest in multi-sensor systems: redundant sensors producing samp... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12789v1 | 2412.12789 | 2024-12-17 | cybersecurity |
2D Attentional Irregular Scene Text Recognizer | Irregular scene text, which has complex layout in 2D space, is challenging to most previous scene text recognizers. Recently, some irregular scene text recognizers either rectify the irregular text to regular text image with approximate 1D layout or transform the 2D image feature map to 1D feature sequence. Though thes... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05708v1 | 1906.05708 | 2019-06-13 | cybersecurity |
2D attractive almost-bosonic anyon gases | In two-dimensional space, we consider a system of $N$ anyons interacts via a short range attractive two-body interaction. In the stable regime, we derive the average-field Pauli functional as the mean-field limit of many-body quantum mechanics. Furthermore, we investigate the collapse phenomenon in the collapse regime ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.00409v1 | 2409.00409 | 2024-08-31 | cybersecurity |
2D Azimuthal Space for Au + Au Mid-Central Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 200 GeV | In this paper we will show that one can summarize the major two particle
reaction plane azimuthal correlations for Au + Au mid-central collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 200 GeV by defining a 2D azimuthal space which is a summary
of the event by event average. | http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07597v1 | 1910.07597 | 2019-10-16 | cybersecurity |
2D BAO vs 3D BAO: Hints for new physics? | In the era of tensions, when precision cosmology is blooming, numerous new theoretical models are emerging. However, it's crucial to pause and question the extent to which the observational data we rely on are model-dependent. In this work, we study the comoving position of the acoustic peak, a cornerstone standard rul... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.05453v1 | 2406.05453 | 2024-06-08 | cybersecurity |
2D BAO vs 3D BAO: solving the Hubble tension with an alternative cosmological model | Ordinary 3D Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data are model-dependent, requiring the assumption of a cosmological model to calculate comoving distances during data reduction. Throughout the present-day literature, the assumed model is $\Lambda$CDM. However, it has been pointed out in several recent works that this as... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.04322v3 | 2407.04322 | 2024-07-05 | cybersecurity |
2D Basement Relief Inversion using Sparse Regularization | Basement relief gravimetry is crucial in geophysics, especially for oil exploration and mineral prospecting. It involves solving an inverse problem to infer geological model parameters from observed data. The model represents basement relief with constant-density prisms, and the data reflect gravitational anomalies fro... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14942v1 | 2410.14942 | 2024-10-19 | cybersecurity |
2D Bayesian automated tilted-ring fitting of disk galaxies in large HI galaxy surveys: 2DBAT | We present a novel algorithm based on a Bayesian method for 2D tilted-ring analysis of disk galaxy velocity fields. Compared to the conventional algorithms based on a chi-squared minimisation procedure, this new Bayesian-based algorithm suffers less from local minima of the model parameters even with highly multi-modal... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.02049v1 | 1709.02049 | 2017-09-07 | cybersecurity |
2D Beam Domain Statistical CSI Estimation for Massive MIMO Uplink | In this paper, we investigate the beam domain statistical channel state information (CSI) estimation for the two dimensional (2D) beam based statistical channel model (BSCM) in massive MIMO systems.The problem is to estimate the beam domain channel power matrices (BDCPMs) based on multiple receive pilot signals. A rece... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04695v1 | 2207.04695 | 2022-07-11 | cybersecurity |
2D beam shaping via 1D spatial light modulation | Many emerging reconfigurable optical systems are limited by routing complexity when producing dynamic, two-dimensional (2D) electric fields. Using a gradient-based inverse designed, static phase-mask doublet, we propose an optical system to produce 2D intensity wavefronts using a one-dimensional (1D) intensity Spatial ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04085v1 | 2101.04085 | 2021-01-11 | cybersecurity |
2D BEM modeling of a singular thermal diffusion free boundary problem with phase change | We report a 2D Boundary Element Method (BEM) modeling of the thermal
diffusion-controlled growth of a vapor bubble attached to a heating surface
during saturated pool boiling. The transient heat conduction problem is solved
in a liquid that surrounds a bubble with a free boundary and in a semi-infinite
solid heater. Th... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.07196v1 | 1601.07196 | 2016-01-25 | cybersecurity |
2D bidirectional gated recurrent unit convolutional Neural networks for end-to-end violence detection In videos | Abnormal behavior detection, action recognition, fight and violence detection in videos is an area that has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. In this work, we propose an architecture that combines a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect violence in v... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07588v1 | 2409.07588 | 2024-09-11 | cybersecurity |
2D Black Holes, Bianchi I Cosmologies, and $α'$ | We report two surprising results on $\alpha'$ corrections in string theory restricted to massless fields. First, for critical dimension Bianchi type I cosmologies with $q$ scale factors only $q-1$ of them have non-trivial $\alpha'$ corrections. In particular, for FRW backgrounds all $\alpha'$ corrections are trivial. S... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06763v2 | 2304.06763 | 2023-04-13 | cybersecurity |
2D Black Phosphorus Carbide: Rippling and Formation of Nanotubes | The allotropes of a new layered material, phosphorus carbide (PC), have been
predicted recently and a few of these predicted structures have already been
successfully fabricated. Herein, by using first-principles calculations we
investigated the effects of rippling a PC monolayer, one of the most stable
modifications o... | http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.08093v1 | 2002.08093 | 2020-02-19 | cybersecurity |
2D-Block Geminals: a non 1-orthogonal and non 0-seniority model with reduced computational complexity | We present a new geminal product wave function ansatz where the geminals are not constrained to be strongly orthogonal nor to be of seniority zero. Instead, we introduce weaker orthogonality constraints between geminals which significantly lower the computational effort, without sacrificing the indistinguishability of ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.00834v4 | 2209.00834 | 2022-09-02 | cybersecurity |
2D capsid formation within an oscillatory energy landscape: orderly self-assembly depends on the interplay between a dynamic potential and intrinsic relaxation times | Multiple dissipative self-assembly protocols designed to create novel structures or to reduce kinetic traps have recently emerged. Specifically, temporal oscillations of particle interactions have been shown effective at both aims, but investigations thus far have focused on systems of simple colloids or their binary m... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11765v2 | 2404.11765 | 2024-04-17 | cybersecurity |
2D Car Detection in Radar Data with PointNets | For many automated driving functions, a highly accurate perception of the vehicle environment is a crucial prerequisite. Modern high-resolution radar sensors generate multiple radar targets per object, which makes these sensors particularly suitable for the 2D object detection task. This work presents an approach to de... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.08414v3 | 1904.08414 | 2019-04-17 | cybersecurity |
2d Cardy-Rabinovici model with the modified Villain lattice: Exact dualities and symmetries | The Cardy-Rabinovici model is a toy model of the lattice $U(1)$ gauge theories to study various oblique confinement states associated with the nonzero $\theta$ angles. We reformulate the $2$d version of this model using the modified Villain lattice formalism, and we establish the exact $\theta$ periodicity for the Witt... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19412v1 | 2505.19412 | 2025-05-26 | cybersecurity |
2D cellular automaton model for the evolution of active region coronal plasmas | We study a 2D cellular automaton (CA) model for the evolution of coronal loop
plasmas. The model is based on the idea that coronal loops are made of
elementary magnetic strands that are tangled and stressed by the displacement
of their footpoints by photospheric motions. The magnetic stress accumulated
between neighbor... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03883v1 | 1607.03883 | 2016-07-13 | cybersecurity |
2D CFT Partition Functions at Late Times | We consider the late time behavior of the analytically continued partition
function $Z(\beta + it) Z(\beta - it)$ in holographic $2d$ CFTs. This is a
probe of information loss in such theories and in their holographic duals. We
show that each Virasoro character decays in time, and so information is not
restored at the ... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04592v1 | 1611.04592 | 2016-11-14 | cybersecurity |
2D CFTs - Large Charge is not enough | In this note we study two-dimensional CFTs at large global charge. Since the large-charge sector decouples from the dynamics, it does not control the dynamics and an EFT construction that works in higher-dimensional theories fails. It is however possible to use large charge in a double-scaling limit when another contro... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.03286v2 | 2112.03286 | 2021-12-06 | cybersecurity |
2D chemical evolution models II. Effects of multiple spiral arm patterns on O, Eu, Fe and Ba abundance gradients | According to observations and numerical simulations, the Milky Way could exhibit several spiral arm modes with multiple pattern speeds, wherein the slower patterns are located at larger Galactocentric distances. Our aim is to quantify the effects of the spiral arms on the azimuthal variations of the chemical abundances... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.11504v1 | 2310.11504 | 2023-10-17 | cybersecurity |
2D chemical evolution model: the impact of galactic disc asymmetries on azimuthal chemical abundance variations | Galactic disc chemical evolution models generally ignore azimuthal surface
density variation that can introduce chemical abundance azimuthal gradients.
Recent observations, however, have revealed chemical abundance changes with
azimuth in the gas and stellar components of both the Milky Way and external
galaxies. To qu... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.11196v3 | 1811.11196 | 2019-06-24 | cybersecurity |
2-D Cluster Variation Method Free Energy: Fundamentals and Pragmatics | Despite being invented in 1951 by R. Kikuchi, the 2-D Cluster Variation Method (CVM), has not yet received attention. Nevertheless, this method can usefully characterize 2-D topographies using just two parameters; the activation enthalpy and the interaction enthalpy. This Technical Report presents 2-D CVM details, incl... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09366v1 | 1909.09366 | 2019-09-20 | cybersecurity |
2-D Coherence Factor for Sidelobe and Ghost Suppressions in Radar Imaging | The coherence factor (CF) is defined as the ratio of coherent power to
incoherent power received by the radar aperture. The incoherent power is
computed by the multi-antenna receiver based on only the spatial variable. In
this respect, it is a one-dimensional (1-D) CF, and thereby the image sidelobes
in down-range cann... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.10119v1 | 1903.10119 | 2019-03-25 | cybersecurity |
2-D Compass Codes | The compass model on a square lattice provides a natural template for
building subsystem stabilizer codes. The surface code and the Bacon-Shor code
represent two extremes of possible codes depending on how many gauge qubits are
fixed. We explore threshold behavior in this broad class of local codes by
trading locality ... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.01193v2 | 1809.01193 | 2018-11-19 | cybersecurity |
2D condensate of electrons and holes in ultrathin MoTe$_2$ photocells | The electron-hole liquid, which features a macroscopic population of
correlated electrons and holes, may offer a path to room temperature
semiconductor devices that harness collective electronic phenomena. We report
on the gas-to-liquid phase transition of electrons and holes in ultrathin
molybdenum ditelluride photoce... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06917v1 | 1711.06917 | 2017-11-18 | cybersecurity |
2D Constrained Navier-Stokes Equations | We study 2D Navier-Stokes equations with a constraint on $L^2$ energy of the
solution. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a global solution for the
constrained Navier-Stokes equation on $\R^2$ and $\T$, by a fixed point
argument. We also show that the solution of constrained Navier-Stokes converges
to the solutio... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08360v1 | 1606.08360 | 2016-06-27 | cybersecurity |
2D Convection-Diffusion in Multipolar Flows | We present a complete analysis of the problem of convection-diffusion in low
Re, 2-dimensional flows with distributions of singularities, such as those
found in open-space microfluidics and in groundwater flows. Using Boussinesq
transformations and solving the problem in streamline coordinates, we obtain
concentration ... | http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05818v1 | 2003.05818 | 2020-03-12 | cybersecurity |
2D Convolutional Neural Network for Event Reconstruction in IceCube DeepCore | IceCube DeepCore is an extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory designed to measure GeV scale atmospheric neutrino interactions for the purpose of neutrino oscillation studies. Distinguishing muon neutrinos from other flavors and reconstructing inelasticity are especially difficult tasks at GeV scale energies in I... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.16373v1 | 2307.16373 | 2023-07-31 | cybersecurity |
2D Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Classification | Automated methods for breast cancer detection have focused on 2D mammography and have largely ignored 3D digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), which is frequently used in clinical practice. The two key challenges in developing automated methods for DBT classification are handling the variable number of slices and retaini... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.12314v1 | 2002.12314 | 2020-02-27 | cybersecurity |
2D correlations in the van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr$_{3}$ using high frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy | Broadening the knowledge and understanding on the magnetic correlations in
van der Waals layered magnets is critical in realizing their potential
next-generation applications. In this study, we employ high frequency (240 GHz)
electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy on plate-like CrBr$_{3}$ to gain
insight into the m... | http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15342v1 | 2010.15342 | 2020-10-29 | cybersecurity |
2-D Covariant Affine Integral Quantization(s) | Covariant affine integral quantization is studied and applied to the motion of a particle in a punctured plane R^2_\ast=R^2\{0}, for which the phase space is R^2_\ast=R^2\{0}X R^2. We examine the consequences of different quantizer operators built from weight functions on this phase space. To illustrate the procedure, ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00578v2 | 1911.00578 | 2019-11-01 | cybersecurity |
2D-CTC for Scene Text Recognition | Scene text recognition has been an important, active research topic in computer vision for years. Previous approaches mainly consider text as 1D signals and cast scene text recognition as a sequence prediction problem, by feat of CTC or attention based encoder-decoder framework, which is originally designed for speech ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.09705v1 | 1907.09705 | 2019-07-23 | cybersecurity |
2D-Curri-DPO: Two-Dimensional Curriculum Learning for Direct Preference Optimization | Aligning large language models with human preferences is crucial for their safe deployment. While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) offers an efficient alternative to reinforcement learning from human feedback, traditional DPO methods are limited by their reliance on single preference pairs. Recent work like Curricu... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07856v2 | 2504.07856 | 2025-04-10 | cybersecurity |
2DDATA: 2D Detection Annotations Transmittable Aggregation for Semantic Segmentation on Point Cloud | Recently, multi-modality models have been introduced because of the complementary information from different sensors such as LiDAR and cameras. It requires paired data along with precise calibrations for all modalities, the complicated calibration among modalities hugely increases the cost of collecting such high-quali... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.11755v1 | 2309.11755 | 2023-09-21 | cybersecurity |
2D-Densely Connected Convolution Neural Networks for automatic Liver and Tumor Segmentation | In this paper we propose a fully automatic 2-stage cascaded approach for
segmentation of liver and its tumors in CT (Computed Tomography) images using
densely connected fully convolutional neural network (DenseNet). We
independently train liver and tumor segmentation models and cascade them for a
combined segmentation ... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02182v1 | 1802.02182 | 2018-01-05 | cybersecurity |
2D Density Control of Micro-Particles using Kernel Density Estimation | We address the problem of 2D particle density control. The particles are immersed in dielectric fluid and acted upon by manipulating an electric field. The electric field is controlled by an array of electrodes and used to bring the particle density to a desired pattern using dielectrophoretic forces. We use a lumped, ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03550v1 | 2209.03550 | 2022-09-08 | cybersecurity |
2D dilaton gravity and the Weil-Petersson volumes with conical defects | We derive the Weil-Petersson measure on the moduli space of hyperbolic surfaces with defects of arbitrary opening angles and use this to compute its volume. We conjecture a matrix integral computing the corresponding volumes and confirm agreement in simple cases. We combine this mathematical result with the equivariant... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.14948v2 | 2304.14948 | 2023-04-28 | cybersecurity |
2D dilute Bose mixture at low temperatures | The thermodynamic and superfluid properties of the dilute two-dimensional
binary Bose mixture at low temperatures are discussed. We also considered the
problem of the emergence of the long-range order in these systems. All
calculations are performed by means of celebrated Popov's path-integral
approach for the Bose gas... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00432v2 | 1708.00432 | 2017-12-19 | cybersecurity |
2D-Dirac surface states and bulk gap probed via quantum capacitance in a 3D topological insulator | BiSbTeSe$_2$ is a 3D topological insulator (3D-TI) with Dirac type surface states and low bulk carrier density, as donors and acceptors compensate each other. Dominating low temperature surface transport in this material is heralded by Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and the quantum Hall effect. Here, we experimentally ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.02725v3 | 1912.02725 | 2019-12-05 | cybersecurity |
2-D Directed Formation Control Based on Bipolar Coordinates | This work proposes a novel 2-D formation control scheme for acyclic triangulated directed graphs (a class of minimally acyclic persistent graphs) based on bipolar coordinates with (almost) global convergence to the desired shape. Prescribed performance control is employed to devise a decentralized control law that avoi... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.00916v3 | 2108.00916 | 2021-08-02 | cybersecurity |
2D disc modelling of the JWST line spectrum of EX Lupi | We introduce a number of new theoretical approaches and improvements to the thermo-chemical disc modelling code ProDiMo to better predict and analyse the JWST line spectra of protoplanetary discs. We develop a new line escape probability method for disc geometries, a new scheme for dust settling, and discuss how to app... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.18321v1 | 2311.18321 | 2023-11-30 | cybersecurity |
2D Discrete Fourier Transform with Simultaneous Edge Artifact Removal for Real-Time Applications | Two-Dimensional (2D) Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is a basic and
computationally intensive algorithm, with a vast variety of applications. 2D
images are, in general, non-periodic, but are assumed to be periodic while
calculating their DFTs. This leads to cross-shaped artifacts in the frequency
domain due to spectra... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05154v1 | 1603.05154 | 2016-03-16 | cybersecurity |
2D discrete Hodge-Dirac operator on the torus | We discuss a discretisation of the de Rham-Hodge theory in the two-dimensional case based on a discrete exterior calculus framework. We present discrete analogues of the Hodge-Dirac and Laplace operators in which key geometric aspects of the continuum counterpart are captured. We provide and prove a discrete version of... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03923v1 | 2202.03923 | 2022-02-08 | cybersecurity |
2D discrete Yang-Mills equations on the torus | In this paper, we introduce a discretization scheme for the Yang-Mills equations in the two-dimensional case using a framework based on discrete exterior calculus. Within this framework, we define discrete versions of the exterior covariant derivative operator and its adjoint, which capture essential geometric features... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.15315v1 | 2405.15315 | 2024-05-24 | cybersecurity |
2D-Double transition metal MXenes for spintronics applications: surface functionalization induced ferromagnetic half-metallic complexes | MXenes are rapidly emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials with thickness, composition, and functionalization-dependent outstanding properties having applications in diverse fields. To disclose nano-spintronic applications of 2D-double transition metal (DTM) carbide and nitride-based pristine and surface-functionalized... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.00846v1 | 2211.00846 | 2022-11-02 | cybersecurity |
2D-DPO: Scaling Direct Preference Optimization with 2-Dimensional Supervision | Recent advancements in Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) have significantly enhanced the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, owing to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, existing methods typically optimize a scalar score or ranking reward, thereby overlooking the multi-dimensiona... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19720v1 | 2410.19720 | 2024-10-25 | cybersecurity |
2D-Driven 3D Object Detection in RGB-D Images | In this paper, we present a technique that places 3D bounding boxes around objects in an RGB-D scene. Our approach makes best use of the 2D information to quickly reduce the search space in 3D, benefiting from state-of-the-art 2D object detection techniques. We then use the 3D information to orient, place, and score bo... | http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_iccv_2017/html/Lahoud_2D-Driven_3D_Object_ICCV_2017_paper.html | null | 2017-10-01 | cybersecurity |
2d dualities from 4d | We find new $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ and $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ dualities through the twisted compactifications of 4d supersymmetric theories on $S^2$. Our findings include dualities for both $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ and $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ non-Abelian gauge theories, as well as $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ Gauge/Landau-Ginzburg duality. | https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.17350v3 | 2407.17350 | 2024-07-24 | cybersecurity |
2D dynamics of the radiative core of low mass stars | Understanding the internal rotation of low mass stars all along their
evolution is of primary interest when studying their rotational dynamics,
internal mixing and magnetic field generation. In this context, helio- and
asteroseismology probe angular velocity gradients deep within solar type stars
at different evolution... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.08798v1 | 1610.08798 | 2016-10-27 | cybersecurity |
2D Eddy Current Boundary Value Problems for Power Cables with Helicoidal Symmetry | Power cables have complex geometries in order to reduce their AC resistance. The cross-section of a cable consists of several conductors that are electrically insulated from each other to counteract the current displacement caused by the skin effect. Furthermore, the individual conductors are twisted over the cable's l... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.03370v1 | 2301.03370 | 2023-01-09 | cybersecurity |
2D Ego-Motion with Yaw Estimation using Only mmWave Radars via Two-Way weighted ICP | The interest in single-chip mmWave Radar is driven by their compact form factor, cost-effectiveness, and robustness under harsh environmental conditions. Despite its promising attributes, the principal limitation of mmWave radar lies in its capacity for autonomous yaw rate estimation. Conventional solutions have often ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00830v1 | 2404.00830 | 2024-03-31 | cybersecurity |
2DEG on a cylindrical shell with a screw dislocation | A two dimensional electron gas on a cylindrical surface with a screw
dislocation is considered. More precisely, we investigate how both the geometry
and the deformed potential due to a lattice distortion affect the Landau levels
of such system. The case showing the deformed potential can be thought in the
context of 3D... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.02968v1 | 1504.02968 | 2015-04-12 | cybersecurity |
2D Eigenvalue Problem I: Existence and Number of Solutions | A two dimensional eigenvalue problem (2DEVP) of a Hermitian matrix pair $(A, C)$ is introduced in this paper. The 2DEVP can be viewed as a linear algebraic formulation of the well-known eigenvalue optimization problem of the parameter matrix $H(\mu) = A - \mu C$. We present fundamental properties of the 2DEVP such as t... | https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08109v3 | 1911.08109 | 2019-11-19 | cybersecurity |
2D Eigenvalue Problem III: Convergence Analysis of the 2D Rayleigh Quotient Iteration | In Part I of this paper, we introduced a two dimensional eigenvalue problem (2DEVP) of a matrix pair and investigated its fundamental theory such as existence, variational characterization and number of 2D-eigenvalues. In Part II, we proposed a Rayleigh quotient iteration (RQI)-like algorithm (2DRQI) for computing a 2D... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.05357v1 | 2303.05357 | 2023-03-09 | cybersecurity |
2D Eigenvalue Problem II: Rayleigh Quotient Iteration and Applications | In Part I of this paper, we introduced a 2D eigenvalue problem (2DEVP) and presented theoretical results of the 2DEVP and its intrinsic connetion with the eigenvalue optimizations. In this part, we devise a Rayleigh quotient iteration (RQI)-like algorithm, 2DRQI in short, for computing a 2D-eigentriplet of the 2DEVP. T... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.12040v1 | 2209.12040 | 2022-09-24 | cybersecurity |
2D electromagnetic simulations of RF heating via inductive coupling in the SPIDER device | SPIDER is the prototype ion source of MITICA, the full-size neutral beam heating system conceived for the ITER tokamak. It includes eight drivers to heat and sustain the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Owing to their near cylindrical symmetry, the coupling between the radio-frequency (RF) active currents and the sour... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.09395v1 | 2305.09395 | 2023-05-16 | cybersecurity |
2D electron density profile evolution during detachment in Super-X divertor L-mode discharges on MAST-U | 2D electron density profiles obtained from coherence imaging spectroscopy in different MAST-U divertor conditions are compared. The data includes variations of strike point position, core electron density, and heating power. The improved performance of the long-legged divertors results in a lower electron density and p... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00818v1 | 2410.00818 | 2024-10-01 | cybersecurity |
2D electron gas in chalcogenide multilayers | Semiconductor interfaces, such as these existing in multilayer structures
(e.g., quantum wells (QWs)), are interesting because of their ability to form
2D electron gases (2DEGs), in which charge carriers behave completely
differently than they do in the bulk. As an example, in the presence of a
strong magnetic field, t... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.08703v1 | 1905.08703 | 2019-05-21 | cybersecurity |
2D electrons floating on a suspended atomically thin dielectric | The 2D electrons trapped in vacuum near the atomically thin dielectric (ATD, mono- or $N$-layer film of $h$-BN or transition metal dichalcogenide) are considered. ATD is suspended above the back gate and forms the capacitor which is controlled by the biased voltage determining 2D concentration, $n_{2D}$. It is found th... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.10424v2 | 2103.10424 | 2021-03-18 | cybersecurity |
2-D Embedding of Large and High-dimensional Data with Minimal Memory and Computational Time Requirements | In the advent of big data era, interactive visualization of large data sets
consisting of M*10^5+ high-dimensional feature vectors of length N (N ~ 10^3+),
is an indispensable tool for data exploratory analysis. The state-of-the-art
data embedding (DE) methods of N-D data into 2-D (3-D) visually perceptible
space (e.g.... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01108v1 | 1902.01108 | 2019-02-04 | cybersecurity |
2D Embeddings of Multi-dimensional Partitionings | Partitionings (or segmentations) divide a given domain into disjoint connected regions whose union forms again the entire domain. Multi-dimensional partitionings occur, for example, when analyzing parameter spaces of simulation models, where each segment of the partitioning represents a region of similar model behavior... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03641v2 | 2408.03641 | 2024-08-07 | cybersecurity |
2D Empirical Transforms. Wavelets, Ridgelets and Curvelets revisited | A recently developed new approach, called ``Empirical Wavelet Transform'', aims to build 1D adaptive wavelet frames accordingly to the analyzed signal. In this paper, we present several extensions of this approach to 2D signals (images). We revisit some well-known transforms (tensor wavelets, Littlewood-Paley wavelets,... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.23533v1 | 2410.23533 | 2024-10-31 | cybersecurity |
2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit | Form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) can be interpreted in certain frames in terms of spatial distributions of energy, stress, linear and angular momentum, based on 2D or 3D Fourier transforms. This interpretation is in general subject to "relativistic recoil corrections", except when the nucleon moves at t... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01192v2 | 2202.01192 | 2022-02-02 | cybersecurity |
2-derivators | Introduced independently by Grothendieck and Heller in the 1980s, derivators provide a formal way to study homotopy theories by working in some quotient category such as the homotopy category of a model category. In 2015 Riehl and Verity introduced $\infty$-cosmoi, which are particular $(\infty,2)$-categories where one... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.05216v1 | 2309.05216 | 2023-09-11 | cybersecurity |
2-descent for Bloch--Kato Selmer groups and rational points on hyperelliptic curves I | This paper introduces explicit Galois cohomological methods for determining the ranks of Bloch--Kato Selmer groups associated to the Tate twists of the 2-adic second \'etale cohomology of the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve with a rational Weierstrass point. In particular, this can give a method to determine the rati... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.04996v2 | 2312.04996 | 2023-12-08 | cybersecurity |
2-descent for Bloch--Kato Selmer groups and rational points on hyperelliptic curves II | We give refined methods for proving finiteness of the Chabauty--Coleman--Kim set $X(\mathbb{Q}_2 )_2 $, when $X$ is a hyperelliptic curve with a rational Weierstrass point. The main developments are methods for computing Selmer conditions at $2$ and $\infty$ for the mod 2 Bloch--Kato Selmer group associated to the high... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07476v1 | 2403.07476 | 2024-03-12 | cybersecurity |
2-Designs and Redundant Syndrome Extraction for Quantum Error Correction | Imperfect measurement can degrade a quantum error correction scheme. A
solution that restores fault tolerance is to add redundancy to the process of
syndrome extraction. In this work, we show how to optimize this process for an
arbitrary ratio of data qubit error probability to measurement error
probability. The key is... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04497v2 | 1907.04497 | 2019-07-11 | cybersecurity |
2DeteCT -- A large 2D expandable, trainable, experimental Computed Tomography dataset for machine learning | Recent research in computational imaging largely focuses on developing machine learning (ML) techniques for image reconstruction, which requires large-scale training datasets consisting of measurement data and ground-truth images. However, suitable experimental datasets for X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) are scarce, an... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05907v1 | 2306.05907 | 2023-06-09 | cybersecurity |
2D Euler equations with Stratonovich transport noise as a large scale stochastic model reduction | The limit from an Euler type system to the 2D Euler equations with Stratonovich transport noise is investigated. A weak convergence result for the vorticity field and a strong convergence result for the velocity field are proved. Our results aim to provide a stochastic reduction of fluid-dynamics models with three diff... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03096v1 | 2101.03096 | 2021-01-08 | cybersecurity |
2D excitation information by MPS method on infinite helixes | Understanding the excitation spectrum in two-dimensional quantum many-body systems has long been a challenging task. We present an approach by introducing an excitation ansatz based on an infinite matrix product state (MPS) on a helix structure. With the canonical form of MPS states, we can accurately extract key prope... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15759v2 | 2310.15759 | 2023-10-24 | cybersecurity |
2dF-AAOmega spectroscopy of massive stars in the Magellanic Clouds: The north-eastern region of the Large Magellanic Cloud | We present spectral classifications from optical spectroscopy of 263 massive
stars in the north-eastern region of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The observed
two-degree field includes the massive 30 Doradus star-forming region, the
environs of SN1987A, and a number of star-forming complexes to the south of 30
Dor. These a... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.03490v1 | 1508.03490 | 2015-08-14 | cybersecurity |
2D Face Recognition System Based on Selected Gabor Filters and Linear Discriminant Analysis LDA | We present a new approach for face recognition system. The method is based on
2D face image features using subset of non-correlated and Orthogonal Gabor
Filters instead of using the whole Gabor Filter Bank, then compressing the
output feature vector using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The face image
has been enha... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.03741v1 | 1503.03741 | 2015-03-12 | cybersecurity |
2D Feature Distillation for Weakly- and Semi-Supervised 3D Semantic Segmentation | As 3D perception problems grow in popularity and the need for large-scale labeled datasets for LiDAR semantic segmentation increase, new methods arise that aim to reduce the necessity for dense annotations by employing weakly-supervised training. However these methods continue to show weak boundary estimation and high ... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.15605v1 | 2311.15605 | 2023-11-27 | cybersecurity |
2-d Fermionic SPT with CRT symmetry | An invariant of SPT-phases with on-site finite group $G$ symmetry for two-dimensional Fermion systems was derived in [O]. This invariant is doubled compared to the conjectured one from the invertible quantum field theory. We show that if we require CRT-symmetry (which holds automatically in quantum field theory) in add... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.09038v2 | 2212.09038 | 2022-12-18 | cybersecurity |
2D Fermion on the Strip with Boundary Defects as a CFT with Excited Spin Fields | We consider a two-dimensional fermion on the strip in the presence of an
arbitrary number of zero-dimensional boundary changing defects. We show that
the theory is still conformal with time dependent stress-energy tensor and that
the allowed defects can be understood as excited spin fields. Finally we
compute correlati... | http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.07617v1 | 1912.07617 | 2019-12-16 | cybersecurity |
2D Fermions and Statistical Mechanics: Critical Dimers and Dirac Fermions in a background gauge field | In the limit of the lattice spacing going to zero, we consider the dimer model on isoradial graphs in the presence of singular $SL(N,\mathbb{C})$ gauge fields flat away from a set of punctures. We consider the cluster expansion of this twisted dimer partition function show it matches an analogous cluster expansion of t... | https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.10640v2 | 2208.10640 | 2022-08-22 | cybersecurity |
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