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Data for phi -> gamma (eta-pizero) are analysed using the ORG loop model and compared with parameters of GPE) derived from ORG data. The eta-pi mass spectrum agrees closely and the absolute normalisation lies just within errors. However, ORG parameters for fo(980) predict a normalisation for phi -> gamma (pizero-pizero...
Both sigma and kappa are well established from PRODUCT data on DATE and Ds->Kpipi and ORG data on J/Psi -> omega pi pi and PERSON. These fits are accurately consistent with pipi and PERSON elastic scattering when CARDINAL allows for the PERSON CARDINAL which arises from ORG. The phase variation with mass is consistent ...
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Sequential decision theory formally solves the problem of rational agents in uncertain worlds if the true environmental prior probability distribution is known. PERSON's theory of universal induction formally solves the problem of sequence prediction for unknown prior distribution. We combine both ideas and get a param...
We provide a remarkably compact proof that spherically symmetric neutral black holes cannot support static nonminimally coupled massless scalar fields. The theorem is based on causality restrictions imposed on the energy-momentum tensor of the fields near the regular black-hole horizon.
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Is the universe computable? If so, it may be much cheaper in terms of information requirements to compute all computable universes instead of just ours. I apply basic concepts of NORP complexity theory to the set of possible universes, and chat about perceived and true randomness, life, generalization, and learning in ...
We analyse notion of independence in the ORG framework by using comparative analysis of independence in conventional and frequency probability theories. Such an analysis is important to demonstrate that ORG's inequality was obtained by using totally unjustified assumptions (e.g. the ORG factorability condition). Our fr...
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When PERSON layed the foundations of theoretical computer science in DATE, he also introduced essential concepts of the theory of ORG (AI). Although much of subsequent ORG research has focused on heuristics, which still play a major role in many practical AI applications, in the new millennium AI theory has finally bec...
I review unsupervised or self-supervised neural networks playing minimax games in game-theoretic settings. (i) Adversarial Curiosity (ORG, DATE) is based on CARDINAL such networks. CARDINAL network learns to probabilistically generate outputs, the other learns to predict effects of the outputs. Each network minimizes t...
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Variation of the CARDINAL-D string cosmology action with dynamical torsion and massless dilatons lead to an expression of torsion in terms of massless dilatons in the case of de Sitter inflation.The solution is approximated according to the ORG data.
ORG electrodynamics in CARDINAL+1-spacetimes with torsion is investigated. We start from the usual ORG (ORG) electrodynamics NORP and GPE torsion is introduced in the covariant derivative and by a direct coupling of torsion vector to the ORG field. Variation of the NORP with respect to torsion shows that ORG field is p...
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The paper describes multistage design of composite (modular) systems (i.e., design of a system trajectory). This design process consists of the following: (i) definition of a set of time/logical points; (ii) modular design of the system for each time/logical point (e.g., on the basis of combinatorial synthesis as hiera...
Horizonless spacetimes describing highly compact exotic objects with reflecting (instead of absorbing) surfaces have recently attracted much attention from physicists and mathematicians as possible quantum-gravity alternatives to canonical classical black-hole spacetimes. Interestingly, it has recently been proved that...
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This paper explores the problem of ORG measurement complexity. In computability theory, the complexity of a problem is determined by how long it takes an effective algorithm to solve it. This complexity may be compared to the difficulty for a hypothetical oracle machine, the output of which may be verified by a computa...
We discuss philosophical issues concerning the notion of cognition basing ourselves in experimental results in cognitive sciences, especially in computer simulations of cognitive systems. There have been debates on the "proper" approach for studying cognition, but we have realized that all approaches can be in theory e...
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Statistical inference of genetic regulatory networks is essential for understanding temporal interactions of regulatory elements inside the cells. For inferences of large networks, identification of network structure is typical achieved under the assumption of sparsity of the networks. When the number of time points ...
An extension of reproducing kernel PERSON space (ORG) theory provides a new framework for modeling functional regression models with functional responses. The approach only presumes a general nonlinear regression structure as opposed to previously studied ORG regression models. Generalized cross-validation (GCV) is pro...
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The aggregated citation relations among journals included in the Science PRODUCT Index provide us with a huge matrix which can be analyzed in various ways. Using principal component analysis or factor analysis, the factor scores can be used as indicators of the position of the cited journals in the citing dimensions of...
This is yet another version of the course notes in PERSON. Here we change the universal Turing machine that is used to measure program-size complexity so that the constants in our information-theoretic incompleteness theorems are further reduced. This is done by inventing a more complicated version of lisp in which the...
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In this paper CARDINAL presents a new fuzzy clustering algorithm based on a dissimilarity function determined by CARDINAL parameters. This algorithm can be considered a generalization of the ORG algorithm for fuzzy clustering.
Shannon entropy was defined for probability distributions and then its using was expanded to measure the uncertainty of knowledge for systems with complete information. In this article, it is proposed to extend the using of FAC entropy to under-defined or over-defined information systems. To be able to use FAC entropy,...
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ORG is recently modelled as an exploration/ exploitation trade-off (exr/exp) problem, where the system has to choose between maximizing its expected rewards dealing with its current knowledge (exploitation) and learning more about the unknown user's preferences to improve its knowledge (exploration). This problem has b...
Stationary, axisymmetric, vacuum, solutions of PERSON's equations are obtained as critical points of the total mass among all axisymmetric and $(t,\phi)$ symmetric initial data with fixed angular momentum. In this variational principle the mass is written as a positive definite integral over a spacelike hypersurface. I...
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Most of the non-asymptotic theoretical work in regression is carried out for the square loss, where estimators can be obtained through closed-form expressions. In this paper, we use and extend tools from the convex optimization literature, namely self-concordant functions, to provide simple extensions of theoretical re...
Set-functions appear in many areas of computer science and applied mathematics, such as machine learning, computer vision, operations research or electrical networks. Among these set-functions, submodular functions play an important role, similar to convex functions on vector spaces. In this tutorial, the theory of sub...
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We investigate cortical learning from the perspective of mechanism design. ORDINAL, we show that discretizing standard models of neurons and synaptic plasticity leads to rational agents maximizing simple scoring rules. ORDINAL, our main result is that the scoring rules are proper, implying that neurons faithfully encod...
We examine the issue of stability of probability in reasoning about complex systems with uncertainty in structure. Normally, propositions are viewed as probability functions on an abstract random graph where it is implicitly assumed that the nodes of the graph have stable properties. But what if some of the nodes chang...
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Constraint propagation algorithms form an important part of most of the constraint programming systems. We provide here a simple, yet very general framework that allows us to explain several constraint propagation algorithms in a systematic way. In this framework we proceed in CARDINAL steps. ORDINAL, we introduce a ge...
We discuss here constraint programming (CP) by using a proof-theoretic perspective. To this end we identify CARDINAL levels of abstraction. Each level sheds light on the essence of CP. In particular, the highest level allows us to bring CP closer to the computation as deduction paradigm. At the middle level we can ex...
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The canonical anticommutation relations (ORG) for fermion systems can be represented by finite-dimensional matrix algebra, but it is impossible for canonical commutation relations (ORG) for bosons. After description of more simple case with representation of ORG and (bounded) quantum computational networks via ORG alge...
Current machine learning systems operate, almost exclusively, in a statistical, or model-free mode, which entails severe theoretical limits on their power and performance. Such systems cannot reason about interventions and retrospection and, therefore, cannot serve as the basis for strong ORG. To achieve human level in...
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Suppose we allow a system to fall freely from infinity to a point near (but not beyond) the horizon of a black hole. We note that in a sense the information in the system is already lost to an observer at infinity. Once the system is too close to the horizon it does not have enough energy to send its information back b...
The goal of this tutorial is to promote interest in the study of random NORP networks (RBNs). These can be very interesting models, since one does not have to assume any functionality or particular connectivity of the networks to study their generic properties. Like this, RBNs have been used for exploring the configura...
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There is a common need to search of molecular databases for compounds resembling some shape, what suggests having similar biological activity while searching for new drugs. The large size of the databases requires fast methods for such initial screening, for example based on feature vectors constructed to fulfill the r...
While we are usually focused on forecasting future values of time series, it is often valuable to additionally predict their entire probability distributions, e.g. to evaluate risk, PERSON simulations. On example of time series of $\approx$ 30000 ORG, there will be presented application of hierarchical correlation reco...
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The black hole information paradox is a very poorly understood problem. It is often believed that GPE's argument is not precisely formulated, and a more careful accounting of naturally occurring ORG corrections will allow the radiation process to become unitary. We show that such is not the case, by proving that small ...
The black hole information paradox is resolved in string theory by a radical change in the picture of the hole: black hole microstates are horizon sized quantum gravity objects called `fuzzballs' instead of vacuum regions with a central singularity. The requirement of causality implies that the quantum gravity wavefunc...
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We introduce a model of SU(2) and ORG) vector fields with a local U(2) symmetry. Its action can be obtained in the GPE limit of a gauge invariant regularization involving CARDINAL scalar fields. Evidence from lattice simulations of the model supports a (CARDINAL temperature) SU(2) deconfining phase transition through b...
PERSON chain PERSON simulations of pure SU(2)xU(1) lattice gauge theory show a (CARDINAL temperature) deconfining phase transition in the SU(2) gluon sector when a term is added to the SU(2) and U(1) Wilson actions, which requires joint U(2) gauge transformations of the SU(2) and ORG) vector fields. Investigations of t...
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PERSON's PERSON (IDM) for categorical i.i.d. data extends the classical PRODUCT model to a set of priors. It overcomes several fundamental problems which other approaches to uncertainty suffer from. Yet, to be useful in practice, CARDINAL needs efficient ways for computing the imprecise=robust sets or intervals. The ma...
We provide here a simple, yet very general framework that allows us to explain several constraint propagation algorithms in a systematic way. In particular, using the notions commutativity and semi-commutativity, we show how the well-known AC-3, ORG, ORG and ORG algorithms are instances of a single generic algorithm. T...
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A careful analysis of conditioning in the Sleeping Beauty problem is done, using the formal model for reasoning about knowledge and probability developed by ORG and ORG. While the Sleeping Beauty problem has been viewed as revealing problems with conditioning in the presence of imperfect recall, the analysis done here ...
Despite the promise of brain-inspired machine learning, deep neural networks (DNN) have frustratingly failed to bridge the deceptively large gap between learning and memory. Here, we introduce a ORG; a new type of DNN that is capable of brain-like dynamic 'on the fly' learning because it exists in a self-supervised sta...
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This is a response to the commentaries on "WORK_OF_ART".
This short note discusses the role of syntax vs. semantics and the interplay between logic, philosophy, and language in computer science and game theory.
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We provide here an epistemic analysis of arbitrary strategic games based on the possibility correspondences. Such an analysis calls for the use of transfinite iterations of the corresponding operators. Our approach is based on ORG's PERSON and applies both to the notions of rationalizability and the iterated eliminatio...
Blind ORG computing enables a client, who does not have enough quantum technologies, to delegate her ORG computing to a remote quantum server in such a way that her privacy is protected against the server. Some blind ORG computing protocols can be made verifiable, which means that the client can check the correctness o...
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Cosmology seems extremely remote from everyday human practice and experience. It is usually taken for granted that cosmological data cannot rationally influence our beliefs about the fate of humanity -- and possible other intelligent species -- except perhaps in the extremely distant future, when the question of heat d...
We critically investigate some evolutionary aspects of the famous ORG equation, which is usually presented as the central guide for the research on extraterrestrial intelligence. It is shown that the PERSON equation tacitly relies on unverifiable and possibly false assumptions on both the physico-chemical history of ou...
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An algorithm $M$ is described that solves any well-defined problem $p$ as quickly as the fastest algorithm computing a solution to $p$, save for a factor of CARDINAL and low-order additive terms. $M$ optimally distributes resources between the execution of provably correct $p$-solving programs and an enumeration of all...
We give a brief introduction to the AIXI model, which unifies and overcomes the limitations of sequential decision theory and universal PERSON induction. While the former theory is suited for active agents in known environments, the latter is suited for passive prediction of unknown environments.
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In this article, we choose the $[sc]_P[\bar{s}\bar{c}]_A-[sc]_A[\bar{s}\bar{c}]_P$ type tetraquark current to study the hadronic coupling constants in the strong decays $Y(4660)\to ORG, $\eta_c ORG, $ORG, $MONEY, $ MONEY* \bar{D}^*_s$, $ D_s \bar{D}^*_s$, $D_s^* \bar{D}_s$, $\psi^\prime \pi^+\pi^-$, $PERSON with the OR...
A simple method for some class of inverse obstacle scattering problems is introduced. The observation data are given by a wave field measured on a known surface surrounding unknown obstacles over a finite time interval. The wave is generated by an initial data with compact support outside the surface. The method yields...
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An ultrametric topology formalizes the notion of hierarchical structure. An ultrametric embedding, referred to here as ultrametricity, is implied by a natural hierarchical embedding. Such hierarchical structure can be global in the data set, or local. By quantifying extent or degree of ultrametricity in a data set, we ...
ORG researchers attempting to align values of highly capable intelligent systems with those of humanity face a number of challenges including personal value extraction, multi-agent value merger and finally in-silico encoding. State-of-the-art research in value alignment shows difficulties in every stage in this process...
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In classical problem solving, there is of course correlation between the selection of the problem on the part of PERSON (the problem setter) and that of the solution on the part of PERSON (the problem solver). In ORG problem solving, this correlation becomes quantum. This means that PERSON contributes to selecting PERC...
A bare description of the seminal ORG algorithm devised by PERSON could mean more than an introduction to ORG computing. It could contribute to opening the field to interdisciplinary research.
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Coding technology is used in several information processing tasks. In particular, when noise during transmission disturbs communications, coding technology is employed to protect the information. However, there are CARDINAL types of coding technology: coding in classical information theory and coding in quantum informa...
In the setting of a metric space equipped with a doubling measure that supports a Poincar\'e inequality, we show that any set of finite perimeter can be approximated in the ORG norm by a set whose topological and measure theoretic boundaries almost coincide. This result appears to be new even in the LOC setting. The wo...
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We give a new existence proof for closed hypersurfaces of prescribed mean curvature in GPE manifolds.
The existence of closed hypersurfaces of prescribed curvature in semi-riemannian manifolds is proved provided there are barriers.
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In this work, various versions of the so-called ORG are provided, which ensure differentiability properties of pushforwrds between spaces of C^r-sections (or compactly supported C^r-sections) in vector bundles over finite-dimensional base manifolds whose fibres are (possibly infinite-dimensional) locally convex spaces....
This paper is devoted to such a fundamental problem of ORG computing as ORG parallelism. It is well known that ORG parallelism is the basis of the ability of ORG computer to perform in polynomial time computations performed by classical computers for exponential time. Therefore better understanding of ORG parallelism i...
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Reprogramming matter may sound far-fetched, but we have been doing it with increasing power and staggering efficiency for DATE, and for centuries we have been paving the way toward the ultimate reprogrammed fate of the universe, the vessel of all programs. How will we be doing it in DATE time and how will it impact lif...
Consider the self-map F of the space of real-valued test functions on the line which takes a test function f to the test function sending a real number x to f(f(x))-f(0). We show that PRODUCT is discontinuous, although its restriction to the space of functions supported in K is smooth (and thus continuous), for each co...
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In this article, we take the $GPE as the vector tetraquark state with $PERSON, and construct the $C\gamma_5\otimes\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{\partial}_\mu\otimes \gamma_5C$ type diquark-antidiquark current to study its mass and pole residue with the ORG sum rules in details by taking into account the vacuum condensates...
Lecture given DATE DATE at ORG at ORG. The lecture was videotaped; this is an edited transcript.
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A common assumption in belief revision is that the reliability of the information sources is either given, derived from temporal information, or the same for all. This article does not describe a new semantics for integration but the problem of obtaining the reliability of the sources given the result of a previous mer...
In this article, we study translations between variants of defaults logics such that the extensions of the theories that are the input and the output of the translation are in a bijective correspondence. We assume that a translation can introduce new variables and that the result of translating a theory can either be p...
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The apparent failure of individual probabilistic expressions to distinguish uncertainty about truths from uncertainty about probabilistic assessments have prompted researchers to seek formalisms where the CARDINAL types of uncertainties are given notational distinction. This paper demonstrates that the desired distinct...
The primary theme of this investigation is a decision theoretic account of conditional ought statements (e.g., "You ought to do A, if C") that rectifies glaring deficiencies in classical deontic logic. The resulting account forms a sound basis for qualitative decision theory, thus providing a framework for qualitative ...
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Continuing the study of complexity theory of ORG (OTMs) that was started by ORG and the author, we prove the following results: (CARDINAL) An analogue of PERSON's theorem for OTMs holds: That is, there are languages $\mathcal{L}$ which are GPE, but neither P$^{\infty}$ nor NP$^{\infty}$-complete. This answers an open...
We determine the computational complexity of approximately counting the total weight of variable assignments for every complex-weighted NORP constraint satisfaction problem (or ORG) with any number of additional unary (i.e., arity CARDINAL) constraints, particularly, when degrees of input instances are bounded from abo...
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The article presents an approach to interactively solve multi-objective optimization problems. While the identification of efficient solutions is supported by computational intelligence techniques on the basis of local search, the search is directed by partial preference information obtained from the decision maker. ...
In the current paper, we present an optimization system solving multi objective production scheduling problems (MOOPPS). The identification of PERSON optimal alternatives or at least a close approximation of them is possible by a set of implemented metaheuristics. Necessary control parameters can easily be adjusted by ...
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PERSON in 'The Singularity May Never Be Near' gives CARDINAL arguments to support his point of view that technological singularity may happen but that it is unlikely. In this paper, we provide analysis of each CARDINAL of his arguments and arrive at similar conclusions, but with more weight given to the 'likely to happ...
This paper proposes an explanation of the cognitive change that occurs as the creative process proceeds. During the initial, intuitive phase, each thought activates, and potentially retrieves information from, a large region containing many memory locations. Because of the distributed, content-addressable structure of ...
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Based on our previous work on truly concurrent process algebra, we use it to unify quantum and classical computing for open and closed ORG systems. This resulted algebra can be used to verify the behaviors of ORG and classical computing mixed systems, with a flavor of true concurrency.
This article presents a technique for proving problems hard for classes of the polynomial hierarchy or for ORG. The rationale of this technique is that some problem restrictions are able to simulate existential or universal quantifiers. If this is the case, reductions from ORG (ORG) to these restrictions can be transfo...
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In this article, we study the light-flavor scalar and axial-vector diquark states in the vacuum and in the nuclear matter using the ORG sum rules in an systematic way, and make reasonable predictions for their masses in the vacuum and in the nuclear matter.
This paper describes a new method for reducing the error in a classifier. It uses an error correction update that includes the very simple rule of either adding or subtracting the error adjustment, based on whether the variable value is currently larger or smaller than the desired value. While a traditional neuron woul...
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We develop the theory and practical implementation of p-adic sparse coding of data. Rather than the standard, sparsifying criterion that uses the MONEY pseudo-norm, we use the p-adic norm. We require that the hierarchy or tree be node-ranked, as is standard practice in agglomerative and other hierarchical clustering, b...
In a companion paper, ORG (DATE), we discussed how ORG work linked the unrepressed unconscious (in the human) to symmetric logic and thought processes. We showed how ultrametric topology provides a most useful representational and computational framework for this. Now we look at the extent to which we can find ultramet...
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An exact solution of the FAC field equations given the barotropic equation of state $PERSON yields CARDINAL possible models: (CARDINAL) if $MONEY <-1$, we obtain the most general possible anisotropic model for wormholes supported by phantom energy and (CARDINAL) if $MONEY >0$, we obtain a model for galactic rotation cu...
CARDINAL of the mainstays of the controversial "rare LOC" hypothesis is the "Goldilocks problem" regarding various parameters describing a habitable planet, partially involving the role of mass extinctions and other catastrophic processes in biological evolution. Usually, this is construed as support for the uniqueness...
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Blind quantum computation is a secure delegated ORG computing protocol where PERSON who does not have sufficient quantum technology at her disposal delegates her computation to PERSON who has a fully-fledged ORG computer in such a way that PERSON cannot learn anything about PERSON's input, output, and algorithm. Protoc...
Verifiable blind ORG computing is a secure delegated ORG computing where a client with a limited quantum technology delegates her quantum computing to a server who has a universal ORG computer. The client's privacy is protected (blindness) and the correctness of the computation is verifiable by the client in spite of h...
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We study clockability for ORG (OTMs). In particular, we show that, in contrast to the situation for ITTMs, admissible ordinals can be OTM-clockable, that $\Sigma_{2}$-admissible ordinals are never OTM-clockable and that gaps in the ORG-clockable ordinals are always started by admissible limits of admissible ordinals.
The main goal of this paper is to give a pedagogical introduction to ORG-to do this in a new way, using network diagrams called ORG. A lesser goal of the paper is to propose a few new ideas, such as associating with each quantum NORP net a very useful density matrix that we call the meta density matrix.
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These informal notes consider ORG transforms on a simple class of nice functions and some basic properties of the PERSON transform.
This paper presents a hypothesis that consciousness is a natural result of neurons that become connected recursively, and work synchronously between short and long term memories. Such neurons demonstrate qubit-like properties, each supporting a probabilistic combination of true and false at a given phase. Advantages of...
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We give an algebraic characterization of a form of synchronized parallel composition allowing for true concurrency, using ideas based on PERSON "WORK_OF_ART".
Aggregated journal-journal citation networks based on the ORG PRODUCTReports DATE of the Science Citation Index (CARDINAL journals) and ORG (CARDINAL journals) are made accessible from the perspective of any of these journals. The user is thus able to analyze the citation environment in terms of links and graphs. Furth...
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This article expands our work in [Ca16]. By its reliance on Turing computability, the classical theory of effectivity, along with effective reducibility and Weihrauch reducibility, is only applicable to objects that are either countable or can be encoded by countable objects. We propose a notion of effectivity based on...
By a theorem of Sacks, if a real $x$ is recursive relative to all elements of a set of positive PERSON measure, $PERSON is recursive. This statement, and the analogous statement for non-meagerness instead of positive PERSON measure, have been shown to carry over to many models of transfinite computations. Here, we star...
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According to the no-signaling theorem, the nonlocal collapse of the wavefunction of an entangled particle by the measurement on its twin particle at a remote location cannot be used to send useful information. Given that experiments on nonlocal correlations continue to have loopholes, we propose a stronger principle th...
The Newcomb-Benford Law, which is also called the ORDINAL digit phenomenon, has applications in diverse phenomena ranging from social and computer networks, engineering systems, natural sciences, and accounting. In forensics, it has been used to determine intrusion in a computer server based on the measured expectation...
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New to neuroscience with implications for ORG, the exclusive OR, or any other GPE gate may be biologically accomplished within a single region where active dendrites merge. This is demonstrated below using dynamic circuit analysis. Medical knowledge aside, this observation points to the possibility of specially coated ...
When training deep neural networks, it is typically assumed that the training examples are uniformly difficult to learn. Or, to restate, it is assumed that the training error will be uniformly distributed across the training examples. Based on these assumptions, each training example is used an equal number of times. H...
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Both sigma and kappa are well established from PRODUCT data on DATE and D->K-pi-pi$ and ORG data on J/Psi->omega-pi-pi and PERSON. Fits to these data are accurately consistent with NORP and PERSON elastic scattering when CARDINAL allows for the PERSON CARDINAL which arises from ORG. The phase variation with mass is als...
In production processes, e.g. WORK_OF_ART or ORG ORDINAL, the sigma and fo(980) overlap in the same partial wave. The conjecture of ORG (ORG) states that the pi-pi pair should have the same phase variation as pi-pi elastic scattering. This is an extension of PERSON's theorem beyond its original derivation, which stated...
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We compute the amplitudes for the insertion of various operators in a quark CARDINAL-point function at CARDINAL loop in the RI' symmetric momentum scheme, RI'/SMOM. Specifically we focus on the moments n = CARDINAL and 3 of the flavour non-singlet twist-2 operators used in deep inelastic scattering as these are require...
Slime mould \emph{Physarum polycephalum} is a large single cell capable for distributed sensing, concurrent information processing, parallel computation and decentralised actuation. The ease of culturing and experimenting with ORG makes this slime mould an ideal substrate for real-world implementations of unconventiona...
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In this paper we extend an earlier result within ORG theory ["Fast Dempster-Shafer Clustering Using a Neural Network Structure," in GPE. ORG. Conf. ORG in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU CARDINAL)] where a large number of pieces of evidence are clustered into subsets by a neural network structure. The clustering is done ...
In this paper we study a problem within ORG theory where CARDINAL pieces of evidence are clustered by a neural structure into n clusters. The clustering is done by minimizing a metaconflict function. Previously we developed a method based on iterative optimization. However, for large scale problems we need a method wit...
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In the setting of a metric space equipped with a doubling measure supporting a Poincar\'e inequality, we show that ORG functions are, in the sense of multiple limits, continuous with respect to a CARDINAL-fine topology, at almost every point with respect to the codimension CARDINAL Hausdorff measure.
In the setting of a metric space equipped with a doubling measure that supports a Poincar\'e inequality, we show that a set $MONEY is of finite perimeter if and only if $\mathcal H(\partial^1 I_E)<\infty$, that is, if and only if the codimension CARDINAL ORG measure of the \emph{$1$-fine boundary} of the set's measure ...
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Recently, it is well recognized that hypothesis testing has deep relations with other topics in ORG information theory as well as in classical information theory. These relations enable us to derive precise evaluation in the finite-length setting. However, such usefulness of hypothesis testing is not limited to informa...
We construct a universal code for stationary and memoryless classical-quantum channel as a quantum version of the universal coding by PRODUCT and K\"{o}rner. Our code is constructed by the combination of irreducible representation, the decoder introduced through ORG information spectrum, and the packing lemma.
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PERSON has proposed that highly excited mesons and baryons fall into parity doublets, and that the ORG) on the leading Regge trajectory should have a nearly degenerate PERSON} = CARDINAL} partner. A re-analysis of ORG data does not support this idea. A likely explanation is that centrifugal barriers on the leading traj...
The large N_f self-consistency programme is reviewed. As an application the ORG beta-function is computed at O(1/N_f) and the anomalous dimensions of polarized twist-2 singlet operators are determined at the same order.
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We discuss the contribution of diffractive $Q \bar Q$ production to the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry in polarized deep--inelastic $MONEY scattering. We show the strong dependence of the $MONEY asymmetry on the pomeron spin structure.
We study light vector PERSON at small $x$ on the basis of the generalized parton distribution (ORG). Our results on the cross section and spin density matrix elements (SDME) are in fair agreement with ORG experiments
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This chapter discusses the institutional approach for organizing and maintaining ontologies. The theory of institutions was named and initially developed by PERSON and PERSON. This theory, a metatheory based on category theory, regards ontologies as logical theories or local logics. The theory of institutions uses the ...
The sharing of ontologies between diverse communities of discourse allows them to compare their own information structures with that of other communities that share a common terminology and semantics - ontology sharing facilitates interoperability between online knowledge organizations. This paper demonstrates how onto...
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The article presents results of discrete thermodynamics (ORG) basic application to electrochemical systems. Consistent treatment of the electrochemical system as comprising CARDINAL interacting subsystems - the chemical and the electrical (electrochemical) - leads to ln-logistic map of states of the electrochemical sys...
It is a challenge for any Knowledge Base reasoning to manage ubiquitous uncertain ontology as well as uncertain updating times, while achieving acceptable service levels at minimum computational cost. This paper proposes an application-independent merging ontologies for any open interaction system. A solution that uses...
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Statistical mechanics is generalized on the basis of an additive information theory for incomplete probability distributions. The incomplete normalization MONEY$ is used to obtain generalized entropy $S=-k\sum_{i=1}^wp_i^q\ln p_i$. The concomitant incomplete statistical mechanics is applied to some physical systems in ...
We compute the pole mass of the gluon in GPE from the local composite operator formalism at CARDINAL loops in the GPE renormalization scheme. For ORG theory an estimate of the mass at CARDINAL loops is CARDINAL Lambda_MSbar.
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When simultaneously reasoning with evidences about several different events it is necessary to separate the evidence according to event. These events should then be handled independently. However, when propositions of evidences are weakly specified in the sense that it may not be certain to which event they are referri...
Toy models have been used to separate important features of quantum computation from the rich background of the standard PERSON space model. Category theory, on the other hand, is a general tool to separate components of mathematical structures, and analyze CARDINAL layer at a time. It seems natural to combine the CARD...
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We experimentally demonstrate that supersaturated solution of sodium acetate, commonly called 'hot ice', is a massively-parallel unconventional computer. In the hot ice computer data are represented by a spatial configuration of crystallization induction sites and physical obstacles immersed in the experimental contain...
Plasmodium of Physarym polycephalum is an ideal biological substrate for implementing concurrent and parallel computation, including combinatorial geometry and optimization on graphs. We report results of scoping experiments on ORG computing in conditions of minimal friction, on the water surface. We show that plasmodi...
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Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is arguably the most popular of the machine learning methods applied to training deep neural networks (DNN) DATE. It has recently been demonstrated that ORG can be statistically biased so that certain elements of the training set are learned more rapidly than others. In this article, w...
Presently, large enterprises rely on database systems to manage their data and information. These databases are useful for conducting DATE business transactions. However, the tight competition in the marketplace has led to the concept of data mining in which data are analyzed to derive effective business strategies and...
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The direct long-term changes occurring in the orbital dynamics of a local gravitationally bound binary system $MONEY due to the NORP tidal acceleration caused by an external massive source are investigated. A class of systems made of a test particle $m$ rapidly orbiting with orbital frequency $PERSON b}$ an astronomica...
An identity between CARDINAL versions of the PERSON bound on the probability a certain large deviations event, is established. This identity has an interpretation in statistical physics, namely, an isothermal equilibrium of a composite system that consists of multiple subsystems of particles. Several information--theor...
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PRODUCT and -Logic were defined by the author in DATE and published for the ORDINAL time in DATE. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to ORG {when some neutrosophic component is over CARDINAL}, ORG {when some neutrosophic component is below CARDINAL}, and to ORG {when some neutrosophic components are off the ...
The surface air temperature DATE records at the land-based locations with different climate conditions (from LOC to GPE) have been studied on the DATE to intraseasonal time scales (low frequency DATE and seasonal variations have been removed by subtracting a wavelet regression from the daily records). It is shown that ...
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It is shown that in turbulent flows the distributed chaos with spontaneously broken translational space symmetry (homogeneity) has a stretched exponential spectrum $\exp-(k/k_{\beta})^{\beta }$ with $PERSON =CARDINAL Good agreement has been established between the theory and the data of direct numerical simulations of ...
Semantic composition is the task of understanding the meaning of text by composing the meanings of the individual words in the text. Semantic decomposition is the task of understanding the meaning of an individual word by decomposing it into various aspects (factors, constituents, components) that are latent in the mea...
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We model anomaly and change in data by embedding the data in an ultrametric space. Taking our initial data as cross-tabulation counts (or other input data formats), ORG allows us to endow the information space with a Euclidean metric. We then model GPE or change by an induced ultrametric. The induced ultrametric that w...
Behavior modeling and software architecture specification are attracting more attention in software engineering. Describing both of them in integrated models yields numerous advantages for coping with complexity since the models are platform independent. They can be decomposed to be developed independently by experts o...
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Modern classical computing devices, except of simplest calculators, have PERSON architecture, i.e., a part of the memory is used for the program and a part for the data. It is likely, that analogues of such architecture are also desirable for the future applications in ORG computing, communications and control. It is a...
It is discussed, why classical simulators of ORG computers escape from some no-go claims like PERSON, ORG, or recent PERSON" theorems.
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ORG intelligent systems can be found everywhere: finger print, handwriting, speech, and face recognition, spam filtering, chess and other game programs, robots, et al. DATE the ORDINAL presumably complete mathematical theory of artificial intelligence based on universal induction-prediction-decision-action has been pro...
This paper studies sequence prediction based on the monotone NORP complexity NORP m, i.e. based on universal deterministic/CARDINAL-part ORG. m is extremely close to PERSON's universal prior M, the latter being an excellent predictor in deterministic as well as probabilistic environments, where performance is measured ...
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We consider the wavelet transform of a finite, rooted, node-ranked, $p$-way tree, focusing on the case of binary ($p = MONEY) trees. We study a ORG wavelet transform on this tree. Wavelet transforms allow for multiresolution analysis through translation and dilation of a wavelet function. We explore how this works in o...
Recurrent neurons, or "simulated" qubits, can store simultaneous true and false with probabilistic behaviors usually reserved for the qubits of ORG physics. Although possible to construct artificially, simulated qubits are intended to explain biological mysteries. It is shown below that they can simulate certain ORG co...
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Compressed Counting (ORG), based on maximally skewed stable random projections, was recently proposed for estimating the p-th frequency moments of data streams. The case p->1 is extremely useful for estimating FAC entropy of data streams. In this study, we provide a very simple algorithm based on the sample minimum est...
We propose skewed stable random projections for approximating the pth frequency moments of dynamic data streams (0<p<=2), which has been frequently studied in theoretical computer science and database communities. Our method significantly (or even infinitely when GPE) improves previous methods based on (symmetric) stab...
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The PRODUCT was published in DATE, contains CARDINAL diagnostic categories, described in CARDINAL pages. The PERSON appeared in DATE, contains CARDINAL diagnostic categories, described in CARDINAL pages. The field of psychology is characterised by a steady proliferation of diagnostic models and subcategories, that seem...
We introduce the open-ended, modular, self-improving Omega AI unification architecture which is a refinement of PERSON's GPE architecture, as considered from ORDINAL principles. The architecture embodies several crucial principles of general intelligence including diversity of representations, diversity of data types, ...
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This paper discusses in layperson's terms human and computational studies of the impact of threat and fear on exploration and creativity. A ORDINAL study showed that both killifish from a lake with predators and from a lake without predators explore a new environment to the same degree and plotting number of new spaces...
Creativity is perhaps what most differentiates humans from other species. It involves the capacity to shift between divergent and convergent modes of thought in response to task demands. Divergent thought has been characterized as the kind of thinking needed to generate multiple solutions, while convergent thought has ...
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Krentel PERSON System. GPE, DATE, pp.490--509] presented a framework for an ORG optimization problem that searches an optimal value among exponentially-many outcomes of polynomial-time computations. This paper expands his framework to a quantum optimization problem using polynomial-time quantum computations and introdu...
This paper continues a systematic and comprehensive study on the structural properties of ORG functions, which are in general multi-valued partial functions computed by CARDINAL-way CARDINAL-head nondeterministic pushdown automata equipped with write-only output tapes (or pushdown transducers), where ORG refers to a re...
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The work is devoted to ORG) -- the philosophical/mathematical platform and long-term project for redeveloping classical logic after replacing truth} by computability in its underlying semantics (see ORG). This article elaborates some basic complexity theory for the ORG framework. Then it proves soundness and completene...
Inductive concept learning is the task of learning to assign cases to a discrete set of classes. In real-world applications of concept learning, there are many different types of cost involved. The majority of the machine learning literature ignores all types of cost (unless accuracy is interpreted as a type of cost me...
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We present evidence for the existence of a quantum lower bound on the PERSON-Hawking temperature of black holes. The suggested bound is supported by a gedanken experiment in which a charged particle is dropped into a ORG black hole. It is proved that the temperature of the final ORG black-hole configuration is bounded ...
The elegant `no short hair' theorem states that, if a spherically-symmetric static black hole has hair, then this hair must extend beyond CARDINAL the horizon radius. In the present paper we provide evidence for the failure of this theorem beyond the regime of spherically-symmetric static black holes. In particular, we...
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ORG algorithms are sequences of abstract operations, performed on non-existent computers. They are in obvious need of categorical semantics. We present some steps in this direction, following earlier contributions of LOC, Coecke and Selinger. In particular, we analyze function abstraction in quantum computation, which ...
The paper gives an account of a detailed investigation of the thermodynamic branch as a path of the chemical system deviation from its isolated thermodynamic equilibrium under an external impact. For a combination of direct and reverse reactions in the same chemical system, full thermodynamic branch is presented by an ...
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Let $PERSON be real-valued compactly supported sufficiently smooth function, $q\in H^\ell_0(B_a)$, $MONEY: |x|\leq a, x\in R^3$ . It is proved that the scattering data $PERSON,k)$ MONEY S^2$, $\forall k>0CARDINAL determine $PERSON. here $A(\beta,\alpha,k)$ is the scattering amplitude, corresponding to the potential $q$...
A simple proof is given for the explicit formula which allows one to recover a CARDINALMONEY vector field $A=A(x)$ in MONEY, decaying at infinity, from the knowledge of its $MONEY \times MONEY\nabla \cdot A$. The representation of $MONEY as a sum of the gradient field and a divergence-free vector fields is derived from...
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This paper describes a new mechanism that might help with defining pattern sequences, by the fact that it can produce an upper bound on the ensemble value that can persistently oscillate with the actual values produced from each pattern. With every firing event, a node also receives an on/off feedback switch. If the no...
This paper describes an automatic process for combining patterns and features, to guide a search process and make predictions. It is based on the functionality that a human brain might have, which is a highly distributed network of simple neuronal components that can apply some level of matching and cross-referencing o...
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In DATE, deep artificial neural networks (including recurrent ones) have won numerous contests in pattern recognition and machine learning. This historical survey compactly summarises relevant work, much of it from the previous millennium. Shallow and deep learners are distinguished by the depth of their credit assignm...
The probability distribution P from which the history of our universe is sampled represents a theory of everything or ORG. We assume P is formally describable. Since most (uncountably many) distributions are not, this imposes a strong inductive bias. We show that P(x) is small for any universe x lacking a short descrip...
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We present a formula that relates the variations of the area of extreme throat initial data with the variation of an appropriate defined mass functional. From this expression we deduce that the ORDINAL variation, with fixed angular momentum, of the area is CARDINAL and the ORDINAL variation is positive definite evaluat...
This paper considers the relevance of the concepts of observability and computability in physical theory. Observability is related to verifiability which is essential for effective computing and as physical systems are computational systems it is important even where explicit computation is not the goal. Specifically, ...
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Steganography is the science of hiding digital information in such a way that no one can suspect its existence. Unlike cryptography which may arouse suspicions, steganography is a stealthy method that enables data communication in total secrecy. Steganography has many requirements, the foremost one is irrecoverability ...
A definition of causality introduced by ORG and GPE, which uses structural equations, is reviewed. A more refined definition is then considered, which takes into account issues of normality and typicality, which are well known to affect causal ascriptions. Causality is typically an all-or-nothing notion: either A is a ...
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The paper describes some basic approaches to detection of bottlenecks in composite (modular) systems. The following basic system bottlenecks detection problems are examined: (CARDINAL) traditional quality management approaches (Pareto chart based method, multicriteria analysis as selection of Pareto-efficient points, a...
This paper addresses the problem of measurement errors in causal inference and highlights several algebraic and graphical methods for eliminating systematic bias induced by such errors. In particulars, the paper discusses the control of partially observable confounders in parametric and non parametric models and the co...
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In the process of recording, storage and transmission of time-domain audio signals, errors may be introduced that are difficult to correct in an unsupervised way. Here, we train a convolutional deep neural network to re-synthesize input time-domain speech signals at its output layer. We then use this abstract transform...
Deep neural networks (DNN) abstract by demodulating the output of linear filters. In this article, we refine this definition of abstraction to show that the inputs of a DNN are abstracted with respect to the filters. Or, to restate, the abstraction is qualified by the filters. This leads us to introduce the notion of q...
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Reductionism has dominated science and philosophy for DATE. Complexity has recently shown that interactions---which reductionism neglects---are relevant for understanding phenomena. When interactions are considered, reductionism becomes limited in several aspects. In this paper, I argue that interactions imply non-redu...
The scope of this teaching package is to make a brief induction to ORG (ANNs) for people who have no previous knowledge of them. We ORDINAL make a brief introduction to models of networks, for then describing in general terms ANNs. As an application, we explain the backpropagation algorithm, since it is widely used and...
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A novel linking mechanism has been described previously [CARDINAL] that can be used to autonomously link sources that provide related answers to queries executed over an information network. The test query platform has now been re-written resulting in essentially a new test platform using the same basic query mechanism...
Concept Trees are a type of database that can organise arbitrary textual information using a very simple rule. Each tree ideally represents a single cohesive concept and the trees can link with each other for navigation and semantic purposes. The trees are therefore a type of semantic network and would benefit from hav...
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Despite its size and complexity, the human cortex exhibits striking anatomical regularities, suggesting there may simple meta-algorithms underlying cortical learning and computation. We expect such meta-algorithms to be of interest since they need to operate quickly, scalably and effectively with little-to-no specializ...
We consider a FAC setup where an agent interacts with an environment in observation-reward-action cycles without any (esp.\ ORG) assumptions on the environment. State aggregation and more generally feature reinforcement learning is concerned with mapping histories/raw-states to reduced/aggregated states. The idea behin...
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The paper examines the problem of accessing a vector memory from a single neuron in a NORP neural network. It begins with the review of the author's earlier method, which is different from the GPE model in that it recruits neighboring neurons by spreading activity, making it possible for single or group of neurons to b...
An ultrametric topology formalizes the notion of hierarchical structure. An ultrametric embedding, referred to here as ultrametricity, is implied by a hierarchical embedding. Such hierarchical structure can be global in the data set, or local. By quantifying extent or degree of ultrametricity in a data set, we show tha...
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The theory of controlled ORG open systems describes ORG systems interacting with ORG environments and influenced by external forces varying according to given algorithms. It is aimed, for instance, to model quantum devices which can find applications in the future technology based on quantum information processing. CAR...
In this paper a knowledge representation model are proposed, FP5, which combine the ideas from fuzzy sets and penta-valued logic. FP5 represents imprecise properties whose accomplished degree is undefined, contradictory or indeterminate for some objects. Basic operations of conjunction, disjunction and negation are int...
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We show by example that the associative law does not hold for tensor products in the category of general (not necessarily locally convex) topological vector spaces. The same pathology occurs for tensor products of ORG abelian topological groups.
In categorical quantum mechanics, classical structures characterize the classical interfaces of quantum resources on one hand, while on the other hand giving rise to some quantum phenomena. In the standard PERSON space model of quantum theories, classical structures over a space correspond to its orthonormal bases. In ...
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We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a density matrix acting on a CARDINAL tensor product space is separable. Our conditions are given in terms of ORG.
DATE has seen the nascency of the ORDINAL mathematical theory of general artificial intelligence. This theory of ORG (ORG) has made significant contributions to many theoretical, philosophical, and practical AI questions. In a series of papers culminating in book (GPE, DATE), an exciting sound and complete mathematical...
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A plethora of natural, artificial and social systems exist which do not belong to FAC (GPE) statistical-mechanical world, based on the standard additive entropy $PERSON and its associated exponential GPE factor. Frequent behaviors in such complex systems have been shown to be closely related to $q$-statistics instead, ...
Decision theory formally solves the problem of rational agents in uncertain worlds if the true environmental prior probability distribution is known. PERSON's theory of universal induction formally solves the problem of sequence prediction for unknown prior distribution. We combine both ideas and get a parameterless th...
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These informal notes briefly discuss some basic topics in harmonic analysis along the lines of convolutions and PERSON transforms.
These informal notes are concerned with spaces of functions in various situations, including continuous functions on topological spaces, holomorphic functions of CARDINAL or more complex variables, and so on.
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Data based judgments go into artificial intelligence applications but they undergo paradoxical reversal when seemingly unnecessary additional data is provided. Examples of this are PERSON's reversal and the disjunction effect where the beliefs about the data change once it is presented or aggregated differently. Someti...
Recently, PERSON and coworkers have been able to measure the information content of digital organisms living in their {\em Avida} artificial life system. They show that over time, the organisms behave like ORG's demon, accreting information (or complexity) as they evolve. In {\em Avida} the organisms don't interact wit...
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The orbital dynamics of a test particle moving in the non-spherically symmetric field of a rotating oblate primary is impacted also by certain indirect, mixed effects arising from the interplay of the different NORP and NORP accelerations which induce known direct perturbations. We systematically calculate the indirect...
It has often been claimed that the proposed LOC artificial satellite LARES/WEBER-SAT-whose primary goal is, in fact, the measurement of the general relativistic PERSON effect at a some percent level-would allow to greatly improve, among (many) other things, the present-day (10^-13) level of accuracy in testing the equi...
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In this paper, we define a new information theoretic measure that we call the "uprooted information". We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a probability $P(s|do(t))$ to be "identifiable" (in the sense of GPE) in a graph $MONEY is that its uprooted information be non-negative for all models of the graph...
In a previous paper, we described a computer program called Qubiter which can decompose an arbitrary unitary matrix into elementary operations of the type used in quantum computation. In this paper, we describe a method of reducing the number of elementary operations in such decompositions.
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This presentation's Part CARDINAL studies the evolutionary information processes and regularities of evolution dynamics, evaluated by an entropy functional (EF) of a random field (modeled by a diffusion information process) and an informational path functional (ORG) on trajectories of the related dynamic process (DATE)...
Hidden information emerges under impulse interactions with PERSON diffusion process modeling interactive random environment. Impulse yes no action cuts PERSON correlations revealing Bit of hidden information connected correlated states. Information appears phenomenon of interaction cutting correlations carrying entropy...
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In this article, we construct the axialvector-diquark-axialvector-antidiquark type tensor current to interpolate both the vector and axialvector tetraquark states, then calculate the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in the operator product expansion, and obtain the ORG sum rules for both the v...
ORG called also ORG (ORG) is known as a foundation for reasoning when knowledge is expressed at various levels of detail. Though much research effort has been committed to this theory since its foundation, many questions remain open. CARDINAL of the most important open questions seems to be the relationship between fre...
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This paper initiates a systematic study of ORG functions, which are (partial) functions defined in terms of quantum mechanical computations. Of all quantum functions, we focus on resource-bounded quantum functions whose inputs are classical bit strings. We prove complexity-theoretical properties and unique characterist...
The present article introduces ptarithmetic (short for "polynomial time arithmetic") -- a formal number theory similar to the well known Peano arithmetic, but based on the recently born computability logic (see ORG) instead of classical logic. The formulas of ptarithmetic represent interactive computational problems ra...
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We implement PERSON machine on a plasmodium of true slime mold {\em Physarum polycephalum}. We provide experimental findings on realization of the machine instructions, illustrate basic operations, and elements of programming.
A phyllosilicate is a sheet of silicate tetrahedra bound by basal oxygens. A phyllosilicate PERSON is a regular network of finite state machines --- silicon nodes and oxygen nodes --- which mimics structure of the phyllosilicate. A node takes states CARDINAL and CARDINAL. Each node updates its state in discrete time de...
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The paper sets forth comprehensive basics of WORK_OF_ARTPERSON (ORG), developed by the author during DATE and spread over series of publications. Based on the linear equations of irreversible thermodynamics, ORG definition of the thermodynamic force, and FAC principle, ORG brings forward a notion of chemical equilibriu...
The method of "random PERSON features (ORG)" has become a popular tool for approximating the "radial basis function (ORG)" kernel. The variance of ORG is actually large. Interestingly, the variance can be substantially reduced by a simple normalization step as we theoretically demonstrate. We name the improved scheme a...
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