question stringlengths 19 6.2k | choices sequencelengths 4 4 | answer_index int64 0 3 | answer_text stringlengths 1 278 | source stringclasses 11 values | explanation stringclasses 1 value |
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context:
According to a report, more than a million workers will fail to take their full annul leave this year in UK. That's to say, totally, those workers will give up 6.2 million days of vacation, with an average of five days for each worker. For their employers, they feel happy because that is equal to a potential $500 million of 'free' work, which, according to an economist will boost the output of the economy by about two percent.
The report also showed that the main reasons employees give up their remaining annul leave are due to pressures at work and their failing to appreciate that taking a break could make them more productive and, in turn, boost the economy in the long term.
The research, done by price comparison website Travel Supermarket, found that more than one in four of those who will give up their remaining holidays (28 percent) will do so due to pressures at work. Bob Atkinson, travel expert for Travel Supermarket said: "As the economy is not so satisfying, it's no surprise that people are cautious to take all their leave, especially if they feel stressed and uncertainty at work." Nine percent of the 2,020 people surveyed also said they would feel guilty about taking the leave because their work would have to be taken care of by their colleagues. A further three percent said they would be concerned about how taking time off would look to their employer, while the same percentage said they did not want to miss anything interesting or beneficial at work in the time they would be away.
Vicky Redwood, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said: "Suppose that there are about 250 working days in a year, getting an extra five 'free' days of work from their employees could in theory boost the output of the economy by about two percent. On the other hand, if workers are less productive as a result of not getting enough breaks from work, taking all the annual leave, in fact, will perhaps increase the economy."
From what Vicky Redwood said, we can infer that _. | [
"employees' extra five days of work will certainly boost the output of the economy by about two percent.",
"not getting enough breaks from work may cause workers less productive",
"in order to boost output in the economy, employees should give up some holidays",
"the more leave the employees take, the better the economy will become"
] | 1 | not getting enough breaks from work may cause workers less productive | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
On a Sunday morning, I was driving down a road and saw something I couldn't believe. A little girl, less than two, was pushing her stroller across the road. It was Sunday morning and traffic was not heavy.
I stopped my car at once and ran toward her. This little girl knew enough to run from a stranger. I tried to catch her in order that I could get her out of the road.
Suddenly her father came running down a hill across the road from where I had parked my car. He ran right to her and caught her up, saying "bad girl" to her. I picked up the stroller and gave it to him. The father grabbed the stroller and walked toward where he came from without a word.
I went back and sat in my car for a few minutes with my son. My hands were shaking and tears were about to run out of my eyes. "Do you feel cold, Mom?" asked my son. I just shook my head.
After this happened, I thought about how thankful I am. Even though the father didn't say thank you, I feel that I did something good. Doing something for someone else is pleasing, even when it's only a matter of being in the right place at the right time.
I didn't really "save" her, but I feel like it was important that I happened to be there. It is sad that I was the only one who stopped. It really made me a little disappointed that no one else stopped to help.
The author thought that her help was _. | [
"really necessary",
"worth praising",
"not welcome",
"not useful"
] | 0 | really necessary | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
But that did not really surprise me much. I knew very well that in addition to the great planets-- such as the Earth, Jupiter, Mars, Venus-- to which we have given names, there are also hundreds of others, some of which are so small that one has a hard time seeing them through the telescope. When an astronomer discovers one of these he does not give it a name, but only a number. He might call it, for example, "Asteroid 325."
I have serious reason to believe that the planet from which the little prince came is the asteroid known as B-612. This asteroid has only once been seen through the telescope. That was by a Turkish astronomer, in 1909. On making his discovery, the astronomer had presented it to the International Astronomical Congress, in a great demonstration. But he was in Turkish costume, and so nobody would believe what he said.
Grown-ups are like that...
Fortunately, however, for the reputation of Asteroid B-612, a Turkish dictator made a law that his subjects should change to European costume under pain of death.So in 1920 the astronomer gave his demonstration all over again, dressed with impressive style and elegance. And this time everybody accepted his report.
If I have told you these details about the asteroid, and made a note of its number for you, it is for the grown-ups and their ways. When you tell them that you have made a new friend, they never ask you any questions about essential matters. They never say to you, "What does his voice sound like? What games does he love best? Does he collect butterflies?" Instead, they demand: "How old is he? How many brothers has he? How much money does his father make?"
If you were to say to the grown-ups: "I saw a beautiful house made of rosy brick, with geraniums in the windows and doves on the roof," they would not be able to get any idea of that house at all. You would have to say to them: "I saw a house that cost $20,000." Then they would cry out: "Oh, what a pretty house that is!"
_, if you say to them: "The proof that the little prince existed is that he was charming, that he laughed, and that he was looking for a sheep." And what good would it do to tell them that? They would shrug their shoulders, and treat you like a child. But if you said to them: "The planet he came from is Asteroid B-612," then they would be convinced, and leave you free from their questions.
They are like that. One must not hold it against them. Children should always show great forbearance toward grown-up people. But certainly, for us who understand life, figures are a matter of indifference.
Which of the following might be the most suitable word for the blank? | [
"However",
"Unfortunately",
"Instead",
"Similarly"
] | 3 | Similarly | unified_mcqa_race | |
The thin, semi-permeable membrane that encloses a cell allows nutrients to enter and wastes to be | [
"digested.",
"recycled.",
"protected.",
"excreted."
] | 3 | excreted. | unified_mcqa_arc_easy | |
Since 1936, many female space explorers have followed Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova. Let's look at the missions of four important female astronauts to find out what astronauts do in space. In 1983, Sally Ride became the first American women in space. Her team carried out scientific experiments in space and put two communications satellites in space. Satellites make it possible for us to communicate instantly with each other across the world through TV, radio, and telephones. In 1984, Kathryn Sullivan became the first American women to walk in space. During her mission, she discovered important information about the sun's energy and how it affects the climate in very hot and very cold places on Earth. She also took photographs of Earth and measured air pollution. In 1992, Mae Jemison became the first African-American in space. During her mission, she did scientific experiments using the weightless atmosphere. In space, there is no gravity, so everything floats! Dr. Jemison's experiments gave important information about the human body to produce better medicines and healthcare. In 2012, Liu Yang became the first Chinese women in space. She did experiments in space medicine, which look at how astronauts can survive and stay healthy in space. The conditions in space are very hard on the body and space medicine helps astronauts work safely. Liu Yang's mission aimed at _. | [
"providing information about environment",
"protecting astronauts' health in space",
"improving communication on Earth",
"testing the weightless atmosphere"
] | 1 | protecting astronauts' health in space | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
I could sleep for a week. " Manji patted the bundle of gold coins in his belt. " No cash problem now, for sure - things are lookin'up. " Rin grimaced at him. " I ca n't believe you just picked up that money... " " What, like they needed it?
Where might have Manji found the gold coins? | [
"None of the above choices.",
"He might have robbed someone on the road.",
"He might have brought them with him all along.",
"He might have found on a road and picked them up."
] | 3 | He might have found on a road and picked them up. | unified_mcqa_cosmos_qa | |
There is a saying that the British like a nice cup of tea in the morning and a nice cup of tea at night. And at half past seven, their idea of heaven is a nice cup of tea. They like a nice cup of tea with their dinner and a nice cup of tea time, and before they go to bed, there is a lot to be said about a nice cup of tea! Sometime it seems that no one likes tea as much as the British does. But in fact, tea is liked in countries around the world. In China and Japan tea was first used as a medicine, many years later, people there drank tea as a beverage. People in the world like to drink different kinds of tea -- green, black or red as some people call it. It is served in different ways. But they all know that drinking tea is good for one's health. The sentence "there is a lot to be said about a nice cup of tea" means _. | [
"they enjoy drinking a nice cup of tea",
"there is a lot of tea",
"they talk much about a nice cup of tea",
"there is a talk while drinking tea"
] | 2 | they talk much about a nice cup of tea | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of "fuel".Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality.Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span.Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
The writer explains _ in this passage. | [
"how to eat",
"the importance of doing exercise",
"how to keep healthy",
"what to eat"
] | 2 | how to keep healthy | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
Scientists who study the climate are still arguing about how fast the earth is warming and how much it will warm, but they do agree that the earth is warming and that it will keep warming if we don't do anything about it.
Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal cause greenhouse gases to escape into the air and that these gases are causing most of the warming. Another cause is deforestation (cutting down trees). Trees _ carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases, from the air.
There are already some changes happening because of global warming. Sea level is rising and some animals are already moving to new homes. It's already too late to stop global warming completely.
If the warming gets worse, as scientists expect, there may be some kinds of plants and animals that is disappearing because they can't move to new homes. There may be more storms and floods. Sea level may rise so much that people have to move away from the coasts. Some areas may become too dry for farming.
Global warming is a very difficult problem to fix. People are having a hard time agreeing on what to do about it. For example, everyone agrees that wasting energy is a bad thing to do. But some people think that the federal government should make laws about it, while other people think it should be up to each person or business to decide what to do.
Many states and businesses in the United States are not waiting until the federal government decides what to do. They have already started working on the problem.
What may be the causes of global warming? | [
"The disappearance of plants and animals and the wasting energy.",
"The burning of fossil fuels and storms and floods.",
"The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.",
"The rising of sea level and deforestation."
] | 2 | The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
Just the mention of the TOEFL, GRE and GAMT exams brings a thought of long hours of dull paper work. But that idea is becoming increasingly out of date. As planned, computerized tests will begin next year which will bring a series of changes from test psychology to scoring techniques.
From computer - equipped rooms, examinees will answer the questions on a computer. If they are sure about their choices, they can pass to the next question by pressing the entry "next". Then another question will be randomly selected from a vast test item bank and appear on the screen. After answering all the questions, examinees can choose the entry "quit" if they are not satisfied with their performance, or "score" if they want to see the result. Scores will be calculated immediately and appear on the screen. By that point, student's marks are official--there is no going back.
Since they greatly shorten the painful waiting process-which used to be two or three months, computerized tests have won worldwide popularity. Besides, there will be no rushing to the registration offices( )for these exams. Computerized tests will be given every workday in an exam center with all three kinds of tests being held in the same room. All test takers need to do is to call the exam center and book their seats for a particular day.
In addition it will become technically possible to apply new testing procedures. In the past,each examinee had the same set of test items despite differences in their ability. Under a computerized system, however, if the computer judges an answer is right, a question of a relatively difficult nature will follow. But if an examinee continues to give wrong answers and is judged as un-qualified by the computer system, he will be automatically _ the chance to go further in the test.
Under a computerized system, all of the following would be possible except that _. | [
"different exams can be taken in the same room",
"one doesn't need to rush to the registration officer for taking an exam",
"it will be much easier to pass an examination",
"one can take an exam almost at any time of the year"
] | 2 | it will be much easier to pass an examination | unified_mcqa_race | |
Inland waters may be grouped into two general classes: standing waters and flowing waters. As is often the case, the boundary between these two classes is not sharp and clear. A pond is an example of standing water. But most ponds are fed by springs or brooks and most have an outlet. Thus some current of changing water flows through them. On the other hand, a river is an example of flowing water. In some places, however, a river may have such a slow current that it is very difficult to detect. Standing inland waters differ in size, in age, and in many _ environmental characteristics. They range in size from roadside puddles to the Caspian Sea. Puddles may last for only a few days or weeks; ponds, for a few hundred to a thousand years. In general, lakes are older, though the waters of some tropical "lakes" disappear completely during each dry season. Standing waters vary from very shallow to very deep, from clear to muddy, from fresh to salty. In flowing waters we roughly distinguish between brooks, creeks, and rivers. The size and age of flowing waters are unimportant. Speed of flow, clearness, oxygen content, and other chemical characteristics are used by scientists in studying flowing-water ecosystems. From this passage we may know that the distinction between standing waters and flowing waters _. | [
"depends on how people name the waters",
"is clear",
"depends on the seasons",
"is hard to make"
] | 3 | is hard to make | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
Hayao Miyazaki, the 72-year-old Japanese master of fantasy animation, one of the most respected animation directors in the world, announced his retirement on September 6, after the recent release of his new film The Wind Rises. Miyazaki's vision has remained unique throughout his many films over the past thirty years. The worlds he creates--the valley of the wind, the castle in the sky, and so many--are so special, so attractive. Here are some key words about his films. Good and evil Miyazaki rarely tells stories in simple good and evil. The worlds he creates tend to be complex and unclear. The bad figures often don't seem so bad once you get to know them. Miyazaki has explained that the lack of clear good and evil is because he sees the 21st century as complex time, in which old ideas need to be re-examined, even in children's films. Children The heroes in Miyazaki's films are usually children or teens, more often young girls. Sometimes they can see the spirit world; they are curious and friendly, even to strange creatures. The stories often deal with growing up. Sky and water Two of Miyazaki's great loves are the sky and water, and he uses them in related ways. Flight is a forever theme--Miyazaki has never done a film without flying of some kind. His imagination seems to fly and leave behind the pull of gravity, a force and control that he feels a bound from setting him free. Water is another way for Miyazaki to fight gravity. In his films he likes the unexpected floods with crystal-clear water, and objects floating on the surface seem to be supported by magic. Peace Miyazaki's negative view of the war goes far more than surface deep. Violence is usually seen as wrong and painful, and Miyazaki's heroes are often peacemakers. Miyazaki's love for flight may come from _. | [
"the relation between sky and water",
"his hate for gravity since his childhood",
"his desire to be free from gravity",
"his love for water that can flood the world"
] | 2 | his desire to be free from gravity | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
While they are hitting each other, the concession stand is shown as well as many people entering and buying snacks. multiple games multiple games
Paintball | [
"are played throughout the game.",
"are taking place and throughout it, teams begin to win are shown holding their flags up.",
"of squeegee are played with the goal being pulled out by the game crew leading.",
"are then played, playing polo on the horses, kicking a ball around while on the ground, or during a game."
] | 1 | are taking place and throughout it, teams begin to win are shown holding their flags up. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
At 9 a.m. on October 15, 2003, our country launched its first manned space-ship, Shenzhou V, into space at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu Province. It took Yang Liwei and his spaceship about 21 hours to circle the earth 14 times. Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut. He comes from Liaoning Province, and he has been an air force pilot since 1983. He was chosen from 14 pilots after many difficult tests. The life of an astronaut is hard to imagine for many people. To put on a space suit takes 15 minutes with the help of others. Sleeping in space is not easy, either. He has to sleep in a special sleeping bag on the wall because there is no gravity. Yang can eat chicken and rice. It's especially made to eat in space but it doesn't taste nice. "I'm feeling very good in space, and it looks wonderful here," said Yang, "I have looked at our beautiful earth and I have recorded all that I have seen here." China has become the third country in the world to send a person into space after the former Soviet Union and the United States. China is now planning its next launch. Shenzhou VI will be into space within(......) the next years, it may take three astronauts. We are all proud of our motherland. Yang Liwei is a(n) _. | [
"policeman",
"businessman",
"doctor",
"astronaut"
] | 3 | astronaut | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
A crisis in sickle cell disease occurs when deoxygenated HbS precipitates, deforming (sickling) red blood cells and.blocking capillaries. Variables that increase the proportion ofHbS in the "deoxy" state tend to increase the probability of a crisis by increasing the extent of sickling. The "deoxy" form of hemoglobin is favored by a decrease in pH (acidosis). An increase in pH (alkalosis), increased oxygen concentration, decreased CO2 concentration, and decreased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate concentration would all favor the" oxy" form of hemoglobin.
A crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease is most likely to be cause by | [
"Alkalosis",
"Acidosis",
"Increased oxygen concentration",
"Decreased CO2 concentration"
] | 1 | Acidosis | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Beating of the ears These are all methods of toure Telefono is slapping on the sides of the head over ears by open palms. This may cause rupture of the ear drum. Falanga - is beating on the soles of the feet by canes or rods. Wet submarino (Latino) - forced immersion of head in water often contaminated with urine or faeces. Dry subnzarino - tying of a plastic bag over the head up to the point of suffocation. Cattle prod - electric shock are given using high voltage current. Black slave - heated metal skewer inseed into the anus.
Telefono is... | [
"Beating the soles of feet with rod",
"Beating of the ears",
"Forced immersion of head until stage of suffocation",
"Tying of a plastic bag over head."
] | 1 | Beating of the ears | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
A i.e. B2
Glossitis and cheilitis seen with which Vit. deficiency: | [
"Vit. B2",
"Vit. B12",
"Vit. K",
"Vit D"
] | 0 | Vit. B2 | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Someone, in the uniform of an air raid warden, is patrolling his beat.
Someone, in the uniform of an air raid warden, is patrolling his beat. Man beside lighted window | [
"pulls down the shade as someone blows his whistle.",
"starts a sparkler in the corridor.",
"holds a camera then limps into the front hall.",
"and pretty spread is once all round the classroom."
] | 0 | pulls down the shade as someone blows his whistle. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
A large black item is drawn on a long sheet of white paper. a person a person
Painting | [
"uses a brush to continue the painting.",
"is standing on a ladder, scrapping the snow off of the car.",
"is seen peeling a banana and kneeling on the ground.",
"put an iron on the sheet and iron the iron."
] | 0 | uses a brush to continue the painting. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
context:
Ans. is 'd' i.e., IUD Barrier methodso A variety of barrier or occlusive methods, suitable for both men and women are available.o The aim of these methods is to prevent live sperm from meeting the ovum,o Barrier methods are less effective than either the pills or IUD.o Various barrier methods areA) Physical methodsy Condomy Female condomy Diaphragmy Vaginal spongeB) Chemical methodsy Foamsy Creams, jellies, pastery Suppositoriesy Soluble films- C -films
Which is not a barrier method of contraception - | [
"Condom",
"Suppositories",
"Diaphragm",
"IUD"
] | 3 | IUD | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
He denies the drink and she takes a sip.
He denies the drink and she takes a sip. They | [
"gulps and then raises her glass at someone, who returns a drunken smirk.",
"are driven away.",
"begin to kiss each other.",
"iron his clad someone."
] | 2 | begin to kiss each other. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
The trucks pull into an area surrounded by towering stacks of shipping containers.
The trucks pull into an area surrounded by towering stacks of shipping containers. A bearded man exits an suv and his men | [
"are standing at the policeman.",
"fall into a dirt vehicle.",
"carry out two military crates.",
"pulls off, leaving behind stalls."
] | 2 | carry out two military crates. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
There are 115 distinct species of pine trees with 35 native to North America. Pines are defined as evergreens with long, needle-like leaves and are only native to the northern hemisphere. Pine trees are an adaptable and tough species that can survive in many conditions where other plants cannot. The average pine is 45 to 60 feet tall, but some are nearly twice as high.
Western White Pine
The western white pine grows the tallest of any pine tree, reaching up to 110 feet in height. They have blue-green needles arranged in bundles of five and produce a long cone.
Bristlecone Pine
The bristlecone pine grows slowly, reading about 20 feet tall. It is one of the oldest species of pine.
Mexican Pine
The Mexican pine can grow to 50 feet tall, with long, slender needles that drape off it like a weeping willow. Often nicknamed the "willow pine", it is native to Mexico. Its leaves can droop up to 12 inches long.
Sugar Pine
The sugar pine is another of the large pine species, such as the bull pine, but it also has the largest cones of any pine species, at 10 to 20 inches long. It grows from Oregon to California and is often used for construction.
Jack Pine
The jack pine is one of the smallest species of pine with rare leaves. Compared with the pines mentioned above, it doesn't seem to belong to the family. It is considered a member of the scrub-pine family; it prefers sandy soil.
This text is most probably taken from _. | [
"a celebrity magazine",
"a nature magazine",
"a fashion magazine",
"a history magazine"
] | 1 | a nature magazine | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
Books are our best friends. They are very quiet, but we can always find both fun and knowledge once we open them. Here are two good books you can read during the holiday.
Book: The Little Prince
French writer :Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Both adults and children love this classic book. It is about the adventure of a young prince. It shows the importance of innocence ( ),imagination and love. The little prince comes from planet B-612. In his eyes,adults are all very strange. Unlike them, he sees the essence of things.He cares more about a flower and a sheep than the " important" things of adult world.
The prince lives on his planet with a rose. He loves the rose very much. But he soon feels tired and leaves his planet. He meets many more strange adults on other planets. On Earth, he discovers interesting things such as a snake, other roses and a fox. The fox tells him a secret :Only the heart can discover the most important things. This helps the prince realize his love for the rose and he goes back to his planet.
Book: To Succeed on One's Own( )
American Writer :Liu Yong
Writer Liu Yong from Taiwan wrote this book for his daughter.It can help young people succeed. The book teaches you about student-teacher relationship, how to use your free time and even what kind of clothes to wear. It answers many of teenagers' most common questions. Liu uses his daughter's stories as an example to help readers understand the principles. His book is far from boring. There are lively stories and dialogues,
with objective analysis,hope and confidence from a good father.,.
What does the prince do after the fox tells him a secret? | [
"He cares more about a flower and a sheep.",
"He meets more many strange adults on other planets.",
"He discovers interesting things such as a snake, other roses and a fox.",
"He realizes his love for the rose and gets back to his planet."
] | 3 | He realizes his love for the rose and gets back to his planet. | unified_mcqa_race | |
Which of the following does not occur in mitochondria? | [
"TCA cycle",
"HMP Shunt",
"Urea cycle",
"Beta oxidation of fatty acids"
] | 1 | HMP Shunt | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
He grabs his battered guitar case as the car pulls over and trots up to the open window.
He grabs his battered guitar case as the car pulls over and trots up to the open window. Someone | [
"follows him as he approaches.",
"opens the door to someone's bedroom.",
"climbs out of his car, then leans back to someone and him to watch.",
"sees her car parked out front."
] | 0 | follows him as he approaches. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
Ans-B
The commonest cause of recurrent shoulder dislocation is - | [
"Shallow glenoid labrum",
"Bankart's lesion",
"The weakness of subscapularis muscle",
"Injury to humeral head"
] | 1 | Bankart's lesion | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
This is a tricky question. Option a, b and c have sulphur. But, only cysteine contains SH group. EXTRA EDGE:- Sulphur containing amino acids: Cysteine Methionine Homocysteine Taurine Sulfhydryl/thiol group-containing amino acids: Cysteine Homocysteine Sulfhydryl/thiol group-containing proteinogenic amino acids: Cysteine
Free SH group is present in | [
"Cysteine",
"Methionine",
"Taurine",
"Homoserine"
] | 0 | Cysteine | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Answer is A (Peptic Ulceration, Gastric Hypersecretion, Non (3 Cell Tumour): Zollinger Ellison Syndrome is characterised by peptic ulceration due to gastrin hyper secretion by a non beta cell tumor. Remember: Most common site Q. of gastrinoma is Duodenum (50-70%), (Pancreas 20-40%) - Harrison Most common hormone to be secreted besides gastrin is - ACTH Q Most common site of peptic ulcers produced is Is' pa of Duodenum. Most valuable provocative test in identifying patients with ZES is the Secretin injection tests. Basal acid output is greater than 60 % of out put induced by maximal stimulation i.e. BAO > MAOQ
The triad originally described by Zol linger Ellison syndrome is characterized by: | [
"Peptic ulceration, gastric hypersecretion, non beta cell tumour",
"Peptic ulceration, gastric hypersecretion, beta cell tumour",
"Peptic ulceration, achlorhydria, non beta cell tumour",
"Peptic ulceration, achlorhydria, beta cell tumour"
] | 0 | Peptic ulceration, gastric hypersecretion, non beta cell tumour | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
He gazes up at the tree, then looks toward someone.
He gazes up at the tree, then looks toward someone. Someone | [
"sits staring at him fondly.",
"looks relieved as the bird approaches.",
"walks away past the group of boys.",
"absently kisses someone on the cheek."
] | 0 | sits staring at him fondly. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class, and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmers are music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or a tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country, young people buy his or her tape. Some of the money from these tapes goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the 1ove between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.,.
What would be the best title for this passage? | [
"American Music.",
"Fold Music.",
"Pop Music.",
"Cowboys and their Country Music."
] | 0 | American Music. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
She pours various liquids into a mixer and shakes the mixture all together.
She pours various liquids into a mixer and shakes the mixture all together. She | [
"pours the drink out into the glass while still speaking to the camera.",
"mixes ingredients into a blender and stirs them together.",
"takes a break and pours the lemonade into glass cups.",
"puts salt on a plate and decorates it in the end."
] | 0 | pours the drink out into the glass while still speaking to the camera. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
7. Compare and contrast the ecosystem concepts of niche and habitat.
Niche and habitat are concepts related to what broader term? | [
"ecosystem",
"population",
"biome",
"community"
] | 0 | ecosystem | unified_mcqa_sciq | |
context:
Keep in the air:The Chaoyang Theater is one of Beijing Theaters to present acrobatic programs all year round.
Top acrobatic artists invited from all over the country perform for Chinese and foreign tourists.The program features trick cycling,leaping through hoops and Chinese magic tricks.Some of the artists have won prizes in international competitions.
Time:7:15p.m.Daily
Place:36,Dongsanhuan Belu.Chaoyang District
Tel:6507---2421 6507---1818
Use your head:Green head is a new drama given by a group of young Chinese actors.It's a reworking of American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne's famous novel The Scarlet Letter.It describes the heroine's great courage in finding the true love against a backdrop of disapproval.
Time:7:15p.m. until March 5th,except Mondays
Place:China Children's Theater
Tel:6603---7255 6603---7265
Mix and match:Story of Puppets tells a fairy.Zixia,who looks for true love in the human world.After watching a puppet play Peony Pavdion,she thinks it must be true love in reality,so she uses magic to turn the puppet characters into the humans,wanting to fall in love with the puppet hero.But things don't go as she planned.
Li Liuyi,the director of the play has made several successful attempts to join different traditional operas together in one play.This time he combines Peking Opera,Kunqu Opera,Pingju Opera and an orchestral accompaniment,using the structure of modern drama.
Time:7:30 p.m until March 10th,except Mondays
Place:Small Playhouse of Beijing People's Art Theater
Peking Opera:The Peking Opera Troupe will give two performances at the Chang'an Grand Theater.
Each performance consists of two classical plays. One is Wenxi(a play focus on singing and dancing);the other is Wuxi(a play full of acrobatic dancing).
The first night will be The crossroad and Presenting a pearl of the Rainbow Bridge.And the second night will see the performance of The Godess of Heaven Scatters Flowers and Havoc in Heaven.
Time:7:30p.m. February 27th,28th
Place:Chang'an Grand Theater
Tel:86531043
From the ads we can learn that _. | [
"Story of Puppets is played held in China Children's Theater",
"all the artists who have won prizes will perform magic tricks",
"on March 5ththere will be two plays for us to choose",
"the artists in the Peking Opera Troupe are from all over the country"
] | 2 | on March 5ththere will be two plays for us to choose | unified_mcqa_race | |
There was once, in a little market-town not far from Upsala, a peasant who lived there with his family, digging the earth during the week and singing in the choir on Sundays. This peasant had a little daughter to whom he taught the musical alphabet before she knew how to read. Daae was a great musician, perhaps without knowing it. Not a violinist in Scandinavia played as he did. His reputation was widespread and he was always invited to set the couples dancing at weddings and other festivals. His wife died when Christine was entering upon her sixth year. Then the father, who cared only for his daughter and his music, sold his land and went to Upsala in search of fame and fortune. He found nothing but poverty. He returned to the country, wandering from fair to fair, playing his Scandinavian music pieces, while his child, who never left his side, listened to him in delight or sang to his playing. One day, at Ljimby Fair, Professor Valerius heard them and took them to Gothenburg. He insisted that the father was the first violinist in the world and that the daughter had the making of a great artist. Her education and instruction were provided for. She made rapid progress and charmed everybody with her prettiness, her grace of manner and her real eagerness to please. When Valerius and his wife went to settle in France, they took Daae and Christine with them. "Mamma" Valerius treated Christine as her daughter. As for Daae, he became ill with homesickness. He never went out of doors in Paris, but lived in a sort of dream which he kept up with his violin. For hours at a time, he remained locked up in his bedroom with his daughter, playing and singing, very, very softly. Daae seemed not to recover his strength until the summer, when the whole family went to stay at Perros-Guirec, in a far-away corner of Brittany, where the sea was of the same color as in his own country. Often he would play his saddest tunes on the beach and pretend that the sea stopped its roaring to listen to them. And then he persuaded Mamma Valerius to allow him to leave for a while. At the time of the "pardons," the village festivals and dances, he went off with his violin, as in the old days, and was allowed to take his daughter with him for a week. They gave the smallest villages music to last them for a year and slept at night in a barn, refusing a bed at the inn, lying close together on the straw, as when they were so poor in Sweden. At the same time, they were very neatly dressed, refused the halfpence offered to them; and the people around could not understand the behaviour of this country violinist, who walked heavily on the roads with that pretty child who sang like an angel from Heaven. They followed them from village to village. While Daae was in Paris, he never went out of doors because he was _. | [
"always sleepy",
"so homesick that he fell ill",
"too busy teaching his daughter",
"willing to be locked up with his daughter"
] | 1 | so homesick that he fell ill | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
SULFONAMIDES Sulfonamides were the first antimicrobial agents (AMAs) effective against pyogenic bacterial infections. Sulfonamido-chrysoidine (Prontosil Red) was one of the dyes included by Domagk to treat experimental streptococcal infection in mice and found it to be highly effective. Adverse effects to sulfonamides are relatively common. These are: * Nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain. * Crystalluria is dose related, but infrequent now. Precipitation in urine can be minimized by taking plenty of fluids and by alkalinizing the urine in which sulfonamides and their acetylated derivatives are more soluble. * Hypersensitivity reactions occur in 2-5deg o patients. These are mostly in the form of rashes, uicaria and drug fever. Photosensitization is repoed. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and exfoliative dermatitis are more common with long-acting agents. * Hepatitis, unrelated to dose, occurs in 0.1 o c patients. * Topical use of sulfonamides is not recommended because of risk of contact sensitization. However, ocular use is permitted. * Sulfonamides cause haemolysis in a dosedependent manner in individuals with G-6- PD deficiency. Neutropenia and other blood dyscrasias are rare. * Kernicterus may be precipitated in the newborn, especially premature, by displacement of bilirubin from plasma protein binding sites and more permeable blood-brain barrier. Most people with a deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase never develop symptoms. In some people, however, ceain factors can precipitate symptoms, causing an attack. Factors that can cause an acute porphyria attack include Many drugs (including sex hormones, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, and sulfonamide antibiotics) Premenstrual hormonal changes in women Low-calorie, low-carbohydrate diet Ingestion of alcohol Exposure to organic solvents (for example, in dry cleaning fluids or paints). Emotional stress Infection REFERENCE: www.msdmanuals.com, essentials of medical pharmacology(k.d.tripathi,sixth edition,page no:684)
A girl on sulphonamides developed abdominal pain and presented to emergency with seizure. What is the probable cause? | [
"Acute intermittent porphyria",
"Congenital erythropoietic porphyria",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"Kawasaki's disease"
] | 0 | Acute intermittent porphyria | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history. The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _. | [
"face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia",
"experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient",
"have an intense fear of terrible suffering",
"undergo a cooling off period of seven days"
] | 0 | face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
The best way to experience the Web,email,photos,video and other features.
All of the builtin programs on iPad were designed from the ground up to take advantage of the large multitouch screen and advanced capabilities of iPad. And they work in any orientation. So you can do things with these programs that you can't do on any other device.
Safari
iPad is the best way to experience the Web. View whole pages in portrait or landscape on the large multitouch screen. And let your fingers do the surfing. All iPad models come with builtin WiFi,and safari can make iPad connected to the Web via highspeed WiFi. And when you're away from a WiFi network,you should choose iPad with WiFi+3G,which will make you surf the Internet anywhere,and sign up for access to 3G data service.
Email
There's nothing like the mail program on iPad. With a splitscreen view,and expensive onscreen keyboard, it lets you see and touch your email in ways you never could before.
Photos
A vivid LEDbacklit IPS display makes viewing photos on iPad extraordinary. Open albums with a tap. Flip through your pictures one by one. Or play a slideshow and share your photos.
Multitasking
You can do just about anything on your iPad. With multitasking,you can do even more. Be more productive as your work,have more fun as you play,or do a little of both.
Find My iPad
You keep all sorts of valuable data on your iPad. If you happen to misplace it,find My iPad helps you locate it on a map,remotely set a postcode lock,display a message,and more.
A magical and revolutionary product at an unbelievable price. Starting at $499,get your own iPad at the nearest Apple retail store,at as reseller(with 0.05% product tax),at the Apple online store or in a shopping centre.
what is safari? | [
"It is the name of a Wi-Fi hotspot.",
"It is an application on iPad.",
"It is a web browser.",
"It is a hardware fixed on iPad."
] | 2 | It is a web browser. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
Aversion TherapyAversion therapy is used for the treatment of conditions which are pleasant but felt undesirable by the patient, e.g. alcohol dependence, transvestism, ego-dystonic homosexuality, other sexual detions. The underlying principle is the pairing of the pleasant stimulus (such as alcohol) with an unpleasant response (such as brief electrical stimulus), so that even in absence of unpleasant response (after the therapy is over), the pleasant stimulus becomes unpleasant by association. The unpleasant aversion can be produced by electric stimulus (low voltage), drugs (such as apomorphine and disulfiram) or even by fantasy (when it is called as cove sensitization). Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no. 215
Along a pleasant stimulus, noxious stimuli are given in treatment of alcohol dependence or sexual disorder is which of the following type of behaviour therapy | [
"Negative reinforcement",
"Aversion therapy",
"Punishment",
"Flooding"
] | 1 | Aversion therapy | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Before the law sits a gatekeeper.To this gatekeeper comes a man from the country who asks to gain entry into the law.But the gatekeeper says that he cannot grant him entry at the moment.The man thinks about it and then asks if he will be allowed to come in sometime later on."It is possible," says the gatekeeper,"but not now." 1The gate to the law stands open,as always,and the gatekeeper walks to the side,so the man bends over in order to see through the gate into the inside.When the gatekeeper notices that,he laughs and says:
_
The man from the country has not expected such difficulties: the law should always be accessible for everyone,he thinks,but as he now looks more closely at the gatekeeper in his fur coat,at his large pointed nose and his long,thin,black Tartar's beard,he decides that it would be better to wait until he gets permission to go inside.The gatekeeper gives him a stool and allows him to sit down at the side in front of the gate.There he sits for days and years.He makes many attempts to be let in,and he wears the gatekeeper out with his requests.The gatekeeper often interrogates him briefly,questioning him about his homeland and many other things,but they are indifferent questions,the kind great men put,and at the end he always tells him once more that he cannot let him inside yet.The man,who has equipped himself with many things for his journey,spends everything,no matter how valuable,to win over the gatekeeper.The latter takes it all but,as he does so,says,"I am taking this only so that you do not think you have failed to do anything." 2
During the many years the man observes the gatekeeper almost continuously.He forgets the other gatekeepers,and this first one seems to him the only barrier for entry into the law.He curses the unlucky circumstance,in the first years thoughtlessly and out loud; later,as he grows old,he only mumbles to himself.He becomes childish and,since in the long years studying the gatekeeper he has also come to know the fleas in his fur collar,he even asks the fleas to help him persuade the gatekeeper.Finally his eyesight grows weak,and he does not know whether things are really darker around him or whether his eyes are merely deceiving him.But he recognizes now in the darkness a ray of light which breaks out of the gateway to the law.Now he no longer has much time to live.
Before his death he gathers in his head all his experiences of the entire time up into one question which he has not yet put to the gatekeeper.He waves to him,since he can no longer lift up his stiffening body.The gatekeeper has to bend way down to him,for the great difference has changed things considerably to the disadvantage of the man.3 "You are insatiable." "Everyone strives after the law," says the man,"so how is it that in these many years no one except me has requested entry?" The gatekeeper sees that the man is already dying and,in order to reach his diminishing sense of hearing,he shouts at him,"Here no one else can gain entry,since this entrance was assigned only to you.I'm going now to close it." 4
Which can best describe the man from the country? | [
"Brave but innocent.",
"Loyal but ridiculous.",
"Tolerant but stubborn.",
"Trustworthy but childish."
] | 2 | Tolerant but stubborn. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
ART CONNECTION QUESTIONS 1. Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA synthesis occur in a separate compartment from protein synthesis. In prokaryotic cells, both processes occur together. What advantages might there be to separating the processes? What advantages might there be to having them occur together? 2. Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which the joining together of Okazaki fragments is impaired and.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, dna and rna synthesis in prokaryotic cells occurs together with synthesis of what? | [
"protein",
"membrane",
"fruit",
"mutation"
] | 0 | protein | unified_mcqa_sciq | |
context:
A male gymnast walks up to the parallel bars and uses a spring board to jump up.
A male gymnast walks up to the parallel bars and uses a spring board to jump up. Another man | [
"pulls down and messes off his other opponent numerous with deliberate punches.",
"steps off the back bar and flips the ball down while pausing to squat to the distance in private.",
"pulls the spring board out of the way.",
"joins him, then grabs the jeans at the dismount and falls into his arms."
] | 2 | pulls the spring board out of the way. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
Sensory retina REP: Khurana 4th ed p. 275 "Retinal detachment is defined as separation of neurosensory retina from pigmentary retina"
Retinal detachment occurs in which layer? | [
"Sensory retina",
"Pigmentary retina",
"Inner nuclear layer",
"Outer plexiform layer"
] | 0 | Sensory retina | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Now, we drift over a rippling subterranean pond as the group crosses a cavern as big as a covered stadium.
Now, we drift over a rippling subterranean pond as the group crosses a cavern as big as a covered stadium. Someone | [
"steps out from behind a pitch black wall and shines his helmet light across a rocky passage.",
"strides through a graying bar.",
"lies on a bench beside a wooden toe beside a nick nestled by a unicorn.",
"watches warily as he leads her into a cockpit."
] | 0 | steps out from behind a pitch black wall and shines his helmet light across a rocky passage. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
She is leading a classroom doing the same.
She is leading a classroom doing the same. She | [
"is then shown lifting weights.",
"takes the papers out of her fridge and stands inside.",
"turns and walks ahead next.",
"interrupts herself with approval."
] | 0 | is then shown lifting weights. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
A man in a gym is donning a pair of boxing gloves.
A man in a gym is donning a pair of boxing gloves. He | [
"is giving karate instructions how and on with the racket.",
"in the air bag and with the horizontal pole, wash towels in hand, and bursts into the bathroom on the sink.",
"begins punching the bag, going around in circles as he does so.",
"is playing on the clipper table."
] | 2 | begins punching the bag, going around in circles as he does so. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
-For five days, Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves. Since its beginning in 1980, the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating the true feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song. This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. "People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation," Riedel said. "It's really easy to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together." These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone's musical interests. With so many years of experience, the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as comfortable as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable dishes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back. The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it's easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug. 4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug. 8. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to _. | [
"gather people with different musical tastes",
"remind people of the real sense of folk music",
"exhibitive good voices of great talents in folk music",
"collect old stories of folk music"
] | 1 | remind people of the real sense of folk music | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
All plants and animals have mechanisms that | [
"transport nutrients",
"perform photosynthesis",
"regulate nerves",
"produce flowers"
] | 0 | transport nutrients | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
A person wanting to dry their shoes using a resource that is unlikely to expire could use | [
"a breeze",
"a tree",
"a river",
"a snowbank"
] | 0 | a breeze | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
Archie is a boy with dreams. His dreams are never boring. He thinks of them all day. He always
thinks out exciting ways to play.
One day, he made a _. That was one of his dreams. He got his friends in it and that made
his friends happy. It really ran fast.
Later, he dreamed of a big and nice park. But when he told his friends about it, his friends didn't believe in him. They said it was difficult. But Archie still thought of it. He believed in himself, so he started it. At last, Archie succeeded. His park was fun and many people liked it.
What did people think of Archie's park? | [
"They couldn't stand it.",
"They minded it.",
"They liked it.",
"They didn't love it."
] | 2 | They liked it. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
ANSWER: (C) Feeding via jejunostomyREF: European Journal of Anaesthesiology: January 1998 - Volume 15 - Issue - pp 94-96Oral feeding is rarely applicable to comatose patients. Early enteral (EN) nutrition through a nasoduodenal or nasojejunal tube will overcome the problem of delayed gastric emptying. Patients requiring enteral feeding on a long-term basis should have a gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy tube placed,Parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated when a patient's gastrointestinal tract does not tolerate full enteral feeding or when the access to the GI tract is difficult after head and neck trauma. Parenteral nutrition may be administered as central venous nutrition (expected duration of PN > 7 days) or as peripheral venous nutrition (short-term PN < 7 days).(Note: When GI tract is healthy, use it) Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 18th ed.OPTIONS FOR ENTERAL FEEDING ACCESSAccess OptionCommentsNasogastric tubeShort-term use only (<30 days); aspiration risks; nasopharyngeal trauma; frequent dislodgmentNasoduodenal/nasojejunal tubeShort-term use (<30 days); lower aspiration risks in jejunum; placement challenges (radiographic assistance often necessary)Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)Endoscopy skills required; may be used impaired swallowing mechanisms, oropharyngeal or esophageal obstruction, and major facial trauma; aspiration risks; can last 12-24 months; slightly higher complication rates with placement and site leaksSurgical gastrostomyRequires general anesthesia and small laparotomy; procedure may allow placement of extended duodenal/jejunal feeding ports; laparoscopic placement possibleFluoroscopic gastrostomyBlind placement using needle and T-prongs to anchor to stomach; can thread smaller catheter through gastrostomy into duodenum/jejunum under fluoroscopyPEG-jejunal tubeJejunal placement with regular endoscope is operator dependent; jejunal tube often dislodges retrograde; two-stage procedure with PEG placement, followed by fluoroscopic conversion with jejunal feeding tube through PEGDirect percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ)Direct endoscopic tube placement with enteroscope; placement challenges; greater injury risks. Used in patients who cannot tolerate gastric feedings or who have significant aspiration risksSurgical jejunostomyCommonly carried out during laparotomy; general anesthesia; laparoscopic placement usually requires assistant to thread catheter; laparoscopy offersFluoroscopic jejunostomydirect visualization of catheter placementDifficult approach with injury risks; not commonly doneINDICATIONS OF PARENTERAL NUTRITION:Schwartz's Principles of Surgery 9th edition chapter 2 SystemicResponse to Injury and Metabolic Support1. Newborn infants with catastrophic gastrointestinal anomalies, such as tracheoesophageal fistula, gastroschisis, omphalocele, or massive intestinal atresia2. Infants who fail to thrive due to gastrointestinal insufficiency associated with short-bowel syndrome, malabsorption, enzyme deficiency, meconium ileus, or idiopathic diarrhea3. Adult patients with short-bowel syndrome secondary to massive small-bowel resection (<100 cm without colon or ileocecal valve, or <50 cm with Intact ileocecal valve and colon)Patients with enteroenteric, enterocolic, enterovesical, or high-output enterocutaneous fistulas (>500 mL/d)Infants who fail to thrive due to gastrointestinal insufficiency associated with short-bowel syndrome, malabsorption, enzyme deficiency, meconium ileus, or idiopathic diarrheaPatients with normal bowel length but with malabsorption secondary to sprue, hypoproteinemia, enzyme or pancreatic insufficiency, regional enteritis, or ulcerative colitisAdult patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders such as esophageal dyskinesia after cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic diarrhea, psychogenic vomiting, or anorexia nervosaPatients with granulomatous colitis, ulcerative colitis, or tuberculous enteritis in which major portions of the absorptive mucosa are diseasedPatients with malignancy, with or without cachexia, in whom malnutrition might jeopardize successful use of a therapeutic optionPatients in whom attempts to provide adequate calories by enteral tube feedings or high residuals have failedCritically ill patients wfio are hypermetabolic for > 5 days or for whom enteral nutrition is not feasible
A patient presents in coma for 20 days, what will be the best way to give him nutrition? | [
"Parenteral nutrition",
"Ryle's tube feeding",
"Feeding via jejunostomy",
"Oral feeding"
] | 2 | Feeding via jejunostomy | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Diphenhydramine and promethazine have maximum anti-cholinergic activity and maximum ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and are thus most effective in motion sickness.
Antihistaminic used in motion sickness is : | [
"Cetirizine",
"Meclizine",
"Diphenhydramine",
"Fexofenadine"
] | 2 | Diphenhydramine | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. Self-confident people trust their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their lives, and believe that,within reason, they will be able to do what they wish., plan., and expect. Having self-confidence does not mean that individuals will be able to do everything. Self-confident people have expectations that are realistic. Even when some of their expectations are not met,they continue to be positive and to accept themselves. People who are not self-confident depend too much on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to ignore compliments paid to them By contrast,self-confident people are willing to risk the disapproval of others because they generally trust their own abilities. They tend to accept themselves;they don't feel they have to conform in order to be accepted. Many factors affect the development of self-confidence. Parents' attitudes are crucial to children's feelings about themselves,particularly in children's early years. When parents pro- vide acceptance, children receive a solid foundation for good feelings about themselves. If one or both parents are much to critical or demanding, or if they are overprotective and discourage children's moves toward independence, children may come to believe they are unqualified or inadequate. Surprisingly, lack of self-confidence is not necessarily related to lack of ability. Instead it is often the result of focusing too much on the unrealistic expectations or standards of others, especially parents and society. Friends' influences can be as powerful or more powerful than those of parents and society in shaping feelings of one's self. Students in their college years reexamine values and develop their own identities and thus are particularly sensitive to the influence of friends. According to the passage, self-confident people tend to _. | [
"be practical",
"control others",
"avoid risks",
"depend on others"
] | 0 | be practical | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
In modern society, people can hardly do without mobile phone or computer. The youth of today are even more looking forward to Apple Corp's products.
The iPad is an Apple tablet computer. The device sits somewhere between a laptop and a smart phone, according to Apple's chief executive, Steven P. Jobs, and does certain things better than both of them, like surfing the Web, reading e-books and playing videos. The iPad went on sale on April 3, 2010, and Apple said it had shipped 500,000 units in the first week. The handheld device puts Apple on a direct collision course with the Kindle from Amazon, which Mr. Jobs ever considered as pioneering the category.
It is common knowledge that media companies hope the iPad will finally lead to available ways for them to charge for news, books and other materials. The half-inch thick, 1.5-pound device features a 9.7-inch multi-touch screen and is powered by a customized Apple microchip, which is called A4. It has been designed with an exposed screen and without a camera or separate keyboard. The iPad has the same operating system as the iPhone and also has access to its 140,000 applications.
The price of the device starts at $499 for the most basic model, with a Wi-Fi wireless connection. More expensive models with more memory and with 3G wireless access will cost $629 to $829, depending on storage size. Because Apple is attempting to popularize a new kind of computing device, acceptance among consumers is expected to be slower than with previous Apple devices. Critics assume that some buyers are waiting for future versions of the iPad to appear, perhaps with a camera or USB ports.
On its first day on sale, iPad users downloaded more than one million applications from the company's AppStore and more than 250,000 electronic books from its iBookstore. A new wave of apps is expected in response to the iPad. For an application developer, having an application accepted for a highly desired Apple product means reaching a passionate group of consumers. The potential income is huge: the apps market for the iPhone and iPod Touch alone is already worth a billion dollars a year in sales.
The different prices of the iPad are determined by _. | [
"the size of the memory",
"the size of the screen",
"the speed of the microchip",
"the Wi-Fi wireless connection"
] | 0 | the size of the memory | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
We all present these glossy lives to the world; coffee cups presented to dewy sunrises, champagne in airport lounges, luxurious restaurants that cost more than they should and share the blue skies days of exploration. I’m as guilty as anyone.
But, what about behind those scenes? Those days where the wind is so strong you can’t instastory for talking (I’m looking at you Cornwall), when travel mistakes happen (like in Vienna where I accidentally booked our trip a day short) or when everyone asks you what your next trip will be and you sheepishly have to answer ‘er, not sure’.
So I thought I’d get a few things off my chest, and confess a few of the reasons why I probably shouldn’t be calling myself a travel blogger. And yes, these are all very much first world problems.
1. I hate photographs of myself.
Ironic, no? Especially when one of the first rules of blogging is all about the cult of personality. I just don’t like them. I wish I did, but there are few times that I fancy a photo and even less when I like the result.
2. We nip into a MacDonalds at least once every trip.
It has now become a tradition between nicer restaurants to nip in and order a Big Mac and fries at some point of our trip – but especially in Europe for some reason. Why do their MacDonalds meals taste better?
3. Pastels aren’t really my shade.
Again, I wish I could be super girly, twirling in gossamer skirts painted in spring shades but I’m just not. My colour palette is decidedly autumnal/jewel hued and usually sticks to a scarf draped around my neck in a hopefully fashionable manner. And I’m totally ok with that.
4. I once travelled all the way to New Zealand and back (stopping in 3 countries enroute) without a lens cap on my brand new, fairly expensive camera.
This is in no way a #humblebrag about the trip, but a comment on how impractical I can be – and how careful I also am. I lovingly wrapped my camera in a soft scarf every day for 3 weeks, growled under my breath at anyone who looked like they might jostle me and at one point found myself accidentally at the top of a dormant volcano with it. As you do.
How many times has the author probably had McDonalds after having it in Europe? | [
"She will only have McDonalds in Europe after eating it once in Europe",
"She will never have McDonalds again after having it in Europe",
"not enough information",
"Several times to know that the McDonalds in Europe is the best"
] | 3 | Several times to know that the McDonalds in Europe is the best | unified_mcqa_quail | |
context:
Drug resistance in the host does not contribute to Resurgence of malaria, whereas Drug resistance in vectors and parasites and antigenic variations in parasites leads to resugence of malaria. Ref: The Anthropology of Infectious Disease : International Health Perspectives By Marcia Claire Inhorn, Peter J. Brown, Pages 119-127; Medical Disorders in Pregnancy : An Update By Hiralal Konar, Pralhad Kushtagi, Page 77.
All of the following factors contribute to Resurgence of malaria, except: | [
"Drug Resistance in host",
"Drug Resistance in parasite",
"Drug Resistance in vectors",
"Antigenic variations in parasite"
] | 0 | Drug Resistance in host | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
She walks up to a pinata and hits it.
She walks up to a pinata and hits it. People | [
"are looking at him from a store, trying to rush over.",
"approach the girl who is standing in front of him.",
"are sitting on the sand watching.",
"catches sticks and does this again."
] | 2 | are sitting on the sand watching. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increases appetite Mari-juana or cannabis sativa contains the active principle tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which as an appetite stimulant effect.
Role of marijuana in AIDS related cachexia? | [
"Euphoric",
"Pschostimulator",
"Increases appetite",
"Decrease emetic feeling"
] | 2 | Increases appetite | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse.
Now Halley set to work. He figured out(,)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.
Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _. | [
"1704",
"1705",
"1706",
"1707"
] | 1 | 1705 | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
[header] How to stop erosion on a river bank [title] Use coir netting that's 700-900 grams per square meter (gsm). [step] Coir netting is made from coconut fibers and is biodegradable. Normal or heavy duty netting should be used when there is a large amount of water flow.
Education and Communications | [
"If you observe any decline in the water there is not much you can do to prevent erosion. [substeps] For bigger rivers (e.g.",
"[substeps] Coir netting can be purchased online or from specialty landscaping and yardwork stores. Depending on the climate conditions in your area, coir netting can last from 24 to 48 months.",
"If the water flow is moderate (0 %), bring the netting to a local bank. [substeps] The netting holds water in, preventing it from coming out.",
"Find coir netting at a local hardware store or online. [title] Mix a strong capful of regular super dish dish soap into the water and you're ready to work."
] | 1 | [substeps] Coir netting can be purchased online or from specialty landscaping and yardwork stores. Depending on the climate conditions in your area, coir netting can last from 24 to 48 months. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
In a small town, there lived a doctor. He was good and kind. He was ready to go and help people. People always went to him when they were ill. Many years later, the doctor began to forget things. The people were afraid and little by little, they stopped going to him. The doctor saw his business wasn't as good as before. He thought, "Well, if I were the patients(people who don't feel well), I'd be afraid to go to me too. Maybe it's time for me to stop being a doctor. But if this town has no doctor, what will the people do when they become ill?" His wife heard him talking to himself and said, "Why don't you find a young doctor _? Then people will have another good doctor to take care of them and I will get my husband back." The doctor did as what his wife said. He found a very good young doctor to help the people. The doctor and his wife then had time to take long walks together, go dancing, go traveling and spend the rest of their days together. The _ always went to see the doctor because he was good and kind. | [
"friends",
"parents",
"patients",
"children"
] | 2 | patients | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
The camera is picked up and the man is now attempting to put a white star on the top of the tree while children are hanging around and talking. the star the star
Decorating the Christmas tree | [
"is now on the tree, the camera is put back down, one of the girl hugs the tree.",
"is finally shown and then a man is bending down and putting the cardboard into the mulch.",
"is then popped up and the man is jumping again and celebrating.",
"falls onto the grass, the man's sink and the man fumbles with it to put another star on top of it."
] | 0 | is now on the tree, the camera is put back down, one of the girl hugs the tree. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
context:
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Erythromycin DOCs of Mycoplasma - Erythromycin or doxycycline. o Alternatives - clarithromycin, azithromycin, fluroquinolones
Drug of choice in treatment of mycoplasma? | [
"Septran",
"Cefuroxime",
"Erythromycin",
"Chloramphenicol"
] | 2 | Erythromycin | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Just as the stock market rises and falls in response to what people are willing to put their money behind, we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response to our beliefs about what is possible. Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to challenge our belief systems determines the success of our inner economy. For example, imagine that your family of origin had a belief that musical talent was not something they possessed. As a member of that group, you would likely inherit that same belief about yourself. As a result, even if you had a great desire to create music, you might be hesitant to really get behind yourself, fearing that your investment would not pay off. Even if you had the courage to follow your passion, your inner belief that you are not inherently talented would probably be a major drawback to investing your energy in your dream.
On the other hand, if you found a way to release that negative belief, a great flood of energy would pour forth, greatly increasing the likelihood of your success. How much energy we are willing to invest in the various ideas, dreams, and visions we carry within is like the money people are, or are not, willing to invest in the various products available for trade on the stock market. And in both cases, belief plays a key role in determining how willing we are to get behind something. One way to open up the possibility for greater success in our inner economies is to understand that belief is not the reliable guide we sometimes think. There are other more reliable things of success that we can put our faith in, such as passion, feeling, and sense. Some of the most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain (to be something that one does not like doing), trusting their sense over the common opinion held by common people about what will work.
In the same way, we can learn to trust our heart's desires and our sense to guide us, questioning any beliefs that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves. As we take out energy from limiting ideas about what is possible, we free up the resources that have the power to make our inner economy prosper.
The purpose of the author is_. | [
"to teach us a lesson",
"to give us some useful suggestions",
"to tell us that our belief is not reliable",
"to encourage us to invest in the stock market"
] | 1 | to give us some useful suggestions | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
[header] How to build a passion for cooking [title] Make a list of your favorite foods to eat. [title] Go to your local public library website. [step] Type the names of these favourite foods into the search bar.
Food and Entertaining | [
"This will let you create your own lists of the foods you like to eat. Also, there will likely be a section where you can put your personal information about the food that you like.",
"If you are a parent, keep an internet encyclopedia online. Tell with the patient that you have a hard time remembering the specifics of these foods.",
"For each item, choose the cookbook that looks the most interesting and put a request on it. [title] Select the recipes that resonate with you.",
"[title] Pick up a crock pot and fill it with warm water. [step] Cook the mixture for a few minutes until the water is cold."
] | 2 | For each item, choose the cookbook that looks the most interesting and put a request on it. [title] Select the recipes that resonate with you. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
context:
Efforts to reduce the damage from the huge oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico are under way. How can you help?A number of organizations are recruiting volunteers.
The Deep Water Horizon response team is looking for help in identifying shoreline and animals affected. Oiled wildlife should not be captured but instead reported at 1-866-557-1401. To report areas with oil ashore or to leave contact information to volunteers in the affected areas, call 1-866-448-5816.
The National Wildlife Federation is looking for volunteers and support to help spot distressed or oiled wildlife, and to assist in the cleanup and restoration efforts along the coast of Louisiana. You can text the word "NWF" to 20222. That'ss donate $10 to the National Wildlife Federation through your phone bill.
United Way has launched the Gulf Recovery Fund. which is providing emergency assistance and long-term recovery support for the communities affected by this oil spill. Those who need help or want to volunteer can dial 2-1-1.You can donate to this fund by going to liveunited. org/gulfrecovery.or text the word "United" to 50555 to donate $10 from your mobile phone.
The First Response Team of America is working with the National Guard in Southern Louisiana to build dams to hold back the oil from the fragile coastal habitats. Their founder, Tad Agoglia --who was named a CNN Hero in 2008--has made their work on the oil. spill their top Priority until the disaster is contained.They are looking for volunteers. Call 941-388-3010.
AmenCares is providing medical care and supplies to oilspill victims along the Gulf, and is funding and assisting mental health assessments and counseling needs for the immediate and long-term health and mental health issues affecting children as a result of this disaster. Mental health experts are in great demand. The Children's Health Fund can be reached at 1-800-535-7418.
If you see an oiled bird in the Gulf of Mexico. you are supposed to _. | [
"catch it",
"raise it at home",
"call 1-866-557-1401",
"shoot at it"
] | 2 | call 1-866-557-1401 | unified_mcqa_race | |
The oldest and most common source of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere --- from trees and grasses to agricultural and city --- life wastes ---biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide, because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned, it gives off the sun's energy. In this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the sun's energy. As long as biomass is produced continuously ---with only as much grown as is used-- the "battery" lasts forever. According to the Energy Information Administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation's total electricity supply. In 2008---although the numbers aren't all in yet---wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country. Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowner's money, but it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it. We learn from the text that in 2008 _. | [
"Wind power would be the leader of renewable energy.",
"there was a rapid growth of electricity production",
"biomass might become the main energy source",
"0.5~0.9 of power supply came from biomass"
] | 0 | Wind power would be the leader of renewable energy. | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
People are playing pool in a bar. a man a man
Playing pool | [
"hits the ball against the wall hard.",
"is sitting down talking big nother g cards.",
"takes off his clothes and joins the group.",
"is eating food at a table."
] | 3 | is eating food at a table. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
context:
Working on a team is a good thing. But it can bring you some troubles. If people on your team are not good at communicating, you may often feel terrible. To create a successful team, good communication is the most necessary part for both team members and the leader. The following are some helpful suggestions.
Don't criticize other people. When someone on your team does something wrong, don't criticize him. You can help him to find out reasons and then help him to solve the problem. Criticizing your team members too often may make them keep away from you. As a result, you may feel lonely.
Think about other people's ideas carefully. When someone tells you about his ideas, you should think about them carefully, no matter how silly they may seem. This shows you are interested in his ideas and makes him feel good.
Listen to other people actively. When someone is speaking to you, you need to listen to him actively. If you're unclear about something, you should ask him about it. By doing this you can clear up any confusion before moving on.
Share your ideas with other people. When you have a new idea, talk about it with your team members. This helps to improve the idea. Besides this, it also helps to improve your relationships between you and your team members.
The best title of the passage may be " _ ". | [
"Criticize Others or Not",
"Share Ideas With Others",
"Learn to Listen to Others",
"Work Well on a Team"
] | 3 | Work Well on a Team | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
Ans: b (Ventricular fold) Ref: Dhingra, 3rd ed, p. 379 & 4th ed, p. 289In dysphonia plica ventricularis (ventricular dysphonia) voice is produced by ventricular fold which take over the function of true vocal cords. Voice is rough, low pitched and unpleasant.Aetiology:1. Functional2. Secondary to impaired function of vocal cord (paralysis, fixation, surgical excision.tumour)Diagnosis:On direct laryngoscopy false cords are seen to approximate partially or completely and obscure the view of true cords on phonationTreatment:1. VD secondary to laryngeal disorders -- difficult to treat2. Functional VD -- voice therapy & psychological counselling
Dysphonia plica ventricularis is produced from: | [
"Vocal cord",
"Ventricular fold",
"Arytenoid",
"Epiglottis"
] | 1 | Ventricular fold | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
It's a sunny day at someone's wedding.
It's a sunny day at someone's wedding. Someone, wearing his suit, | [
"walks up a staircase.",
"is standing by a railing overlooking the ocean.",
"stands in front of her.",
"walks toward his mother."
] | 3 | walks toward his mother. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
Someone leads the applause for someone.
Someone leads the applause for someone. Someone and his Slytherin friends | [
"restrain someone as he faces his nephew.",
"sit and hold the performance.",
"don't join in.",
"come to get outside."
] | 2 | don't join in. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
As the father of a student, I have experienced first hand what a great teacher is. My son was in the 4thgrade last year, and he had a teacher called Miss Green. I believe that when he is an adult he will surely look back on her as the best teacher he has ever had. My son has attention deficit disorder that makes it a little more difficult for him to learn. She was able to change her teaching methods for him so that he could keep up with the rest of the class. As a result, he got straight As on many subjects. She regarded her class as a family and they even had their own class song. She would often have them sing it to encourage them and develop a team spirit for them. When she saw that they were no longer listening carefully to what she was teaching, she would have them close their textbooks, stand up all around the room and throw around a small football. This helped them clear their minds and then _ the lesson again. Besides, she was quick to reply to any phone calls or emails from us and got rid of our worries about children quickly. When my son went to the 5thgrade this year, we happened to pass her classroom. When she saw my son, her face lit up and she came out and hugged him. She generally loves all of the children in her classroom and that love really shows. I can only pray that my son will continue to get teachers just like her for the rest of his school years. We can learn from the text that _. | [
"Miss Green was the best teacher at the school",
"all the students in the school liked Miss Green",
"Miss Green didn't teach the writer's son in the 5 thgrade",
"the writer's son had many teachers like Miss Green"
] | 2 | Miss Green didn't teach the writer's son in the 5 thgrade | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
Describe at least two major changes to the animal phylogenetic tree that have come about due to molecular or genetic findings. How is it that morphological data alone might lead scientists to group animals into erroneous evolutionary relationships? 26. Briefly describe at least two theories that attempt to explain the cause of the Cambrian explosion. How is it that most, if not all, of the extant animal phyla today evolved during the Cambrian period if so many massive extinction events have taken place since then?.
Most, if not all, of the extant animal phyla today evolved during the cambrian period, yet many of what devastating events have taken place since then? | [
"mass extinctions",
"life extinctions",
"earthquakes",
"starvations"
] | 0 | mass extinctions | unified_mcqa_sciq | |
Water Pollution and Man Water pollution affects man's health, recreational use of water and sense of beauty. The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly developed countries in particular, emphasis has changed from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried viral disease. Viral hepatitis, for example, has been found to occur more frequently in cities whose water supplies have comparatively high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem. It is clear that poisonous chemicals must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals from new pesticides, fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health importance of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding their way into water supplies from pollution. As man's desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of the water. The water must not only but be attractive in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve direct contact with water, and so water standards are raised higher. The range of water quality necessary for industrial processes varies greatly with the intended use of the water. The water used in steel mills, foe example, must have a lower chloride level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of comparatively low sanitary quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry an be of ly low quality in some aspects, but must contain little iron and carbon dioxide. According to the passage, water-based recreation demands that _. | [
"The water contain a higher level of oxygen",
"The water contain little iron and carbon dioxide",
"The water be attractive and of high quality",
"The water standards be appropriate for all sports"
] | 2 | The water be attractive and of high quality | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
Tabb doesn't look like a typical music teacher. But every weekday evening in the French Quarter New Orleans, he beats out the rhythm on his music stand as students play their chosen instruments. "I'm doing my best to take young people away from harmful things," said Tabb. His program, "The Roots of Music", offers free music education to more than 100 students. He struggles to _ in the city with the nation's highest murder rate. Tabb chose to target 9to14yearolds with his program. "That's a very important time in your life," he said. "If I catch them then, I can hold onto them for at least four or five years and guide them the way that will lead them to success." Students meet from 4 pm to 7 pm every weekday, all year round. They work with tutors on schoolwork, practice their music and eat a hot meal before heading home. With the money provided by some people, Tabb's group is able to provide bus transportation, instruments and food for free. He calls it his "no excuse" policy. "You have no excuse why you're not here," Tabb said. Tabb owes the success in part to the nature of music. "You're always learning something new,"he said. "That's what keeps the kids coming back every day." But the program isn't only about fun. "Music is about discipline,"said Tabb. He insists on good behavior and keeps kids in order with threats of situps, pushups or tasks like picking up grains of rice -- but these measures aren't just punishment. Tabb wants young people to realize that music can help them build a better future. "I don't say that I'm saving lives," he said. "I say I'm giving life -- a whole different life of music." By saying "music is about discipline", Tabb means _. | [
"keeping discipline is more important than learning music",
"obeying rules is important in playing music well",
"music is also connected with kids' grades",
"kids can learn how to behave through music"
] | 3 | kids can learn how to behave through music | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: MC hereditary neuromuscular disease in children. X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene ( Xp 21)- one of the largest gene C/F: More common in males. Family history present Pseudohyperophy of calf muscles Cardiac involvement Recurrent respiratory infection Proximal muscle weakness in limbs Intellectual disability 'GOWER SIGN'is positive- Gowers' sign indicates weakness of the proximal muscles, esp of the lower limb. Mx- Phase 3 trials have shown benefits from ETEPLIRSEN - FDA APPROVED
Eteplirsen has been recently FDA approved for the treatment of | [
"Duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"Spinal muscular atrophy",
"SSPE",
"AML"
] | 0 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
[header] How to bleed the brakes on an aircooled volkswagen beetle [title] Assembly tools and supplies : [substeps] An assistant. New brake fluid. A clear container partially filled with brake fluid.
Cars & Other Vehicles | [
"A length of 3/16 \" tubing. A box-end (usually 7 mm) wrench.",
"Proof yes radiator oil/cooling fluid. A vinyl license plate and safety decal.",
"Either unscrew the cap or have to pry the container apart. Would you like to add yourself to the vw story from the previous step? Get a new tire.",
"2 ice packs and 4 zippered gloves (6 \" thick). Stop me if brakes need to be added or lessened."
] | 0 | A length of 3/16 " tubing. A box-end (usually 7 mm) wrench. | unified_mcqa_hellaswag | |
For many years people in Estonia have been leaving their rubbish in the forests. Rainer Nolvak, a businessman and his friends wanted to clean up all the rubbish in Estonia. The rubbish was not just an environmental problem. It was a problem of people's attitudes. Rainer Nolvak got together with a team of 20 friends and they began to make a plan about how to clean up the rubbish. Soon, over 600 people joined in the group. They named the project Let's Do It! Estonia. The Ministry of the environment gave them some support. Many other companies joined in the group. Famous actors and singers also took part. Even the President of Estonia joined in. They sent information about Let's Do It! Estonia throughout the country. Technology experts developed a special computer program. Team members went into the forests to find where the rubbish was. They used their mobile phones to mark every place where they found rubbish and send the information to the computer program. Then, the marked rubbish places appeared on the map. Anyone could go on the Internet and see the map. The team found a surprising result. There were over 10,000 tons of waste in the forests of Estonia. When people saw how much waste was around their own homes, they were shocked. Thousands of people began to help. The team chose May 3, 2008 as the day to clean up the rubbish. On May 3, more than 50,000 people helped to get rid of the rubbish. They moved over 10,000 tons of rubbish in only one day! This was amazing for the environment in Estonia. But it was also an important step for Estonian society. Rainer Nolvak gave a speech at a conference in the Balkans. He said: "The most important thing we did was build a team. It changed every one of us. We had to connect to people. We had to see that the rubbish was our problem. At times we are afraid of sharing. When we are together and there are many of us, we are not afraid.' The Project Let's Do It! Estonia is to _. | [
"prevent people leaving their rubbish anywhere",
"make Estonia a clean place",
"change people' s attitudes towards the environment",
"make plans for businessmen"
] | 1 | make Estonia a clean place | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
A look of resolve comes into someone's expression, and he turns back toward someone.
A look of resolve comes into someone's expression, and he turns back toward someone. Instead, he | [
"stares at the mother who opened the rear door.",
"falls down on the powder, resting his cheek against his offering fingers.",
"seems to be very badly across someone's grandfather.",
"watches in wide - eyed horror as a snake slithers across his lap."
] | 3 | watches in wide - eyed horror as a snake slithers across his lap. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
A girl falls and messes up the heighten hurdle.
A girl falls and messes up the heighten hurdle. Guys | [
"jumps up and drives it to the scenic sidesteps.",
"is in the roofed gym bouncing the barbell.",
"spins on the bars multiple times.",
"sit and take off extensions."
] | 3 | sit and take off extensions. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
Most common thyroid cancer; b. Psammoma bodies seen; c. Encapsulated.
Papillary carcinoma thyroid:
a. Most common thyroid cancer
b. Psammoma bodies seen
c. Encapsulated
d. Blood borne metastasis is common | [
"ab",
"bc",
"cd",
"da"
] | 1 | bc | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
My son Alexander and I arrived home on Wednesday evening ( Apr 26 ) to see a blue jay trying to grab branches from the plum tree in our front yard. The jay ( I assumed it was a he ) tried unsuccessfully a number of times and then started a call deeper than the regular call. His mate joined him.
Why would the blue jay be out in front of the home? | [
"None of the above choices.",
"The home had a bird house.",
"The home had a bird feeder.",
"The home had a fruit tree."
] | 3 | The home had a fruit tree. | unified_mcqa_cosmos_qa | |
context:
Barbiturates induce the rate limiting enzyme amino levulanic acid synthase in porphyrin synthesis. This increased synthesis of prophyrins can precipitate acute attack of AIP Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
In which of the following disorders,administration of barbiturates is contraindicated? | [
"Anxiety disorders",
"Acute intermittent porphyria",
"Kernicterus",
"Refractory status epilepticus"
] | 1 | Acute intermittent porphyria | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
Scrooge looked around him angrily. It was Christmas and his only friend Jacob Marley, had been dead for seven years. What was there for him to celebrate? He listened with growing anger to the people calling out greetings in the street and _ his nephew Bob Cratchit, who was just ready to go home. "Merry Christmas, uncle," called Bob as he hurried out of the door. Scrooge sighed. He might just as well go to bed. Aware that he should not waste his candle, he quickly undressed and climbed into bed. But no sooner had he done so than the ghost of Marley, covered in chains, appeared. "What's the matter, Jacob?" he asked. "There are the chains I made in my life," answered the ghost. "I'm forced to wander around with no rest and no peace. I have come here to warn you that if you do not change, this too will be your fate. You will be visited by three spirits. Expect the first one tomorrow when the clock strikes one. Expect the second and the third on the following nights at the same hour." With that Marley vanished. "Nonsense!" he said and going back to bed, fell fast asleep. When Scrooge awoke it was dark. The clock struck one. At the sound, light flashed into the room and there stood a young boy. "Who are you?" asked Scrooge in an unsteady voice. "I'm the spirit of Christmas past," replied the spirit. "Come with me." "Do you remember this?" he asked. Scrooge did. He heard the happy cries of people, and looking around he found himself, as he used to be, sitting on a chair and reading. It was a Christmas. Suddenly Scrooge watched his younger self joined in a band, dancing and laughing. "Strange," said the spirit, "that such little things should make people so happy." The ghost let him go and Scrooge sank down into a deep sleep. When he awoke again the second night, the clock sounded one again. Before he doubted the second spirit already turned up. The fat and jolly spirit was smiling,"I'm the spirit of Christmas present."Again Scrooge grasped the spirit's hand and was transported to a small house filled with a number of children and their mother. "Why, it's my nephew Bob's house," cried Scrooge in astonishment. His surprise increased when the door opened and in came Bob carrying a small, sick boy, Tiny Tim. "Sit down," cried Bob to his family. "Let's have the best Christmas dinner!" They all began to eat eagerly. Scrooge watched at the happiness and contentment of his poor nephew's family. "A Merry Christmas to us all!" cried Bob. "God bless us everyone!" added Tiny Tim, who sat very close to his father and Bob held his thin hand tightly. "No, not for the uncle, but for you and the children. Nobody knows better than you how mean that man is." exclaimed Bob's wife. "Spirit," cried Scrooge. "Will Tiny Tim live?" "If the future remains the same," said the spirit, "there will be an empty chair next year." Again the spirit moved Scrooge away, and he fell asleep as he fell back into his bed. The third night he woke and waited for the hour and the third spirit. This time the spirit didn't come in a flash of light but arrived quietly wearing a black cloth that covered its face and form. "I'm the spirit of Christmas that is to come." The spirit pointed and led him to a large stone. It was at the foot of a grave that was clearly neglected. Scrooge looked closer with trembling fingers and with horror read his own name on the stone. "Oh, spirit, no, no!" The spirit's finger remained steady pointing at the grave. "I will honour Christmas in my heart and try to keep it all the year," cried Scrooge in terror. He reached out to hold the spirit's hand, but it slipped away. Scrooge looked around him. he saw he was in his own bed with his own thing around him. "I have learned from the past, present and the future," he rushed to the window and shouted to the boys below: "What day is it today?" "Why, it's Christmas Day," they replied in amazement. "Wonderful," cried Scrooge. He rushed to his office to wait for Bob. When he entered, Scrooge pretended to look angry. "Do you know what day it is, my boy?" he asked Bob. "I'm not going to stand for this any longer," he continued, "and so I'm going to raise your salary." Bob looked amazed. "A Merry Christmas, Bob," cried Scrooge slapping him on the back. "I want to help you and your family. Let's talk about it this very afternoon." Which of the following saying best describes the passage? | [
"No pains, no gains.",
"Actions speak louder than words.",
"A friend in need is a friend indeed.",
"It will pay to be kind to others."
] | 3 | It will pay to be kind to others. | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
The cranial base includes, from anterior to posterior, the ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones.
Bones of the cranial base include which of the following? | [
"Maxilla, mandible, and cranial vault",
"Ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital",
"Palatal, nasal, and zygoma",
"Frontal and parietal"
] | 1 | Ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Hepatitis B antigen {HBsAg} screening should be offered to all pregnant women.If the mother is known to be HBsAg negative,it is not essential that HB vaccineton be given to the newborn at bih,vaccination can begin at 6 weeks. Where the mother&;s status is not known it is safer to vaccinate the newborn within a few hours of bih.Where the mother is known to be HBsAg possitive the child must receive the vaccine witin a few hours of bih,along with Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin within 24 hours of bih.HBIG administeration upto 5 days may be effective.If HBIG not given baby must be immunised in an accelerated schedule of 0,1,2, months along with an additional dose at 9-12 months. Ref : ESSSENTIL PEDIATRICS,O.P.GHAI, PG NO:172,7 th edition
If mother is HBsAg positive then newborn should be given __________ | [
"Hepatitis B vaccine at 6 weeks",
"Hepatitis Vaccine at bih",
"Hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 24 hours of bih",
"Hepatitis B vaccine at bih and immunoglobulin within 24 hours at seperate sites"
] | 3 | Hepatitis B vaccine at bih and immunoglobulin within 24 hours at seperate sites | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
D. i.e. Communicates with other side posteriorly
What is true about ischiorectal fossa: | [
"Apex is formed by obturater internus",
"Levater ani forms the roof",
"Lateral wall is formed by inferior pubic ramus",
"Communicates with the other side Posteriorly"
] | 3 | Communicates with the other side Posteriorly | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
Maximum dose of xylocaine with out adrenaline that can be given in 60kg adults is | [
"500mg",
"300mg",
"400mg",
"600mg"
] | 1 | 300mg | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Chlamydiae doesn't cause 'Q'fever, infact 'Q'fever is caused by coxiella burnetii belongs to family Rickettsiaceae...it is referred to as 'Q' fever in which 'Q' renders to query...as the causative organism was unknown during 1930's,'Q' fever is distributed worldwide as a zoonosis solidly established in domestic livestock,so infection occur in who handle wool,hides,meat and other animalproducts contaminated with the organism Ref:Ananthnarayan and paniker's microbiology 10th edition
Chlamydia does not cause | [
"Trachoma",
"Salpingitis",
"Q fever",
"Non gonococcal urethritis"
] | 2 | Q fever | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Giardiasis Infection with Giardia lamblia is found worldwide and is common in the tropics. It paicularly affects children, tourists and immunosuppressed individuals, and is the parasite most commonly impoed into the UK. In cystic form, it remains ble in water for up to 3 months and infection usually occurs by ingesting contaminated water. Its flagellar trophozoite form attaches to the duodenal and jejunal mucosa, causing inflammation. Clinical features and investigations After an incubation period of 1-3 weeks, there is diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weakness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. Onexamination, there may be abdominal distension and tenderness.Chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption may occur, with bulky stools that float. Stools obtained at 2-3-day intervals should be examined for cysts. Duodenal or jejunal aspiration by endoscopy gives a higher diagnostic yield. The 'string test' may be used, in which one end of a piece of string is passed into the duodenum by swallowing and retrieved after an overnight fast; expressed fluid is then examined for the presence of G. lamblia trophozoites. A number of stool antigen detection tests are available. Jejunal biopsy specimens may show G. lamblia on the epithelial surface. Management Treatment is with a single dose of tinidazole 2 g, metronidazole 400 mg 3 times daily for 10 days, or nitazoxanide 500 mg orally twice daily for 3 days. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1154
Giardiasis may result in the following except- | [
"III health",
"Diarrhea",
"Steatorrhea",
"Gastrointestinal bleeding"
] | 3 | Gastrointestinal bleeding | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Pressure is defined as force per unit area,.
What is defined as force per unit area? | [
"pressure",
"energy",
"resistance",
"momentum"
] | 0 | pressure | unified_mcqa_sciq | |
The dodo is among the most famous extinct creatures, and _ for human-caused extinction events. Despite its bad name, and the fact that the species was alive during recorded human history, little is actually known about how this animal lived, looked, and behaved. A new study of the only known complete skeleton from a single bird takes advantage of modern 3-D laser scanning technology to open a new window into the life of this famous extinct bird. The study was presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Estrel, Berlin. Leon Claessens, Associate Professor at the College of the Holy Cross, and lead researcher on the study said that, "the 3-D laser surface scans we made of the fragile dodo skeletons enable us to reconstruct how the dodo walked, moved and lived to a level of detail that has never been possible before. There are so many outstanding questions about the dodo bird that we can answer with this new knowledge." A complete dodo skeleton, found by an amateur collector and barber, Etienne Thirioux, on the island of Mauritius between 1899 and 1917, has remained unstudied, even though it is the only complete dodo skeleton from a single individual bird known to exist. All other skeletons are incomplete combinations, meaning that they are gathered from more than one individual. In addition, Thirioux constructed a second, partially combined skeleton, which contains many bones that also belong to a single bird. "Being able to examine the skeleton of a single, individual dodo, which is not made up from as many individual birds as there are bones, as is the case in all those other combined skeletons, truly allows us to appreciate the way the dodo looked and see how tall or fat it really was," said Juilan Hume, of the Natural History Museum UK, a co-author on the study. The scans were performed on site in Durban, South Africa, and allow examination of the biology of this mysterious extinct bird in detail for the first time. Using the newest digital tools and techniques, the scans provide an insight into how the flightless dodo may have developed its giant size, and how it walked and lived in its forest home. According to Kenneth Rijsdijk, a biologist from University of Amsterdam, "the skull of the dodo is so large and its mouth so strong that it is easy to understand that the earliest naturalists thought it was related to sharks and other birds of prey, rather than the pigeon family." The researchers study the dodo skeleton to find out _. | [
"ways to save the dodo",
"the dodo's living habits",
"the bird's natural habitat",
"the cause of the dodo's extinction"
] | 1 | the dodo's living habits | unified_mcqa_mmlu | |
context:
Every year we have many holidays, such as summer holidays. May Day and so on. How do you spend during these holidays? Do you like to travel during them? Can you book holidays or make travel plans on line?
Now let me tell you how to do it. First,you should look up the places that you want to visit online. Then you can decide on which way to travel according to the prices online. If you go to other countries, you'd better take the plane. If you visit some places of interest near your hometown, you can take the train or bus there. Of course, you can drive a car. Next, you can get in touch with some travel companies,and talk something about travel with them. And you can find the best place to stay at the best price. Finally, you can enjoy happy holidays with the help of the travel company.
Which of the following is RIGHT? | [
"When you want to travel, you can make the plan online.",
"If you want to travel, you must have a computer at first.",
"If you visit your grandmother, you have to drive you car.",
"The passage mainly tells how to travel online."
] | 0 | When you want to travel, you can make the plan online. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
Anoher man appears on the room and is practicing a head lock.
Anoher man appears on the room and is practicing a head lock. man | [
"throw the the kid in the bed and stands.",
"enters the office and takes line in in the room being injured.",
"are wearing gloves doing a tango bar while a timer shows on the screen with the legs.",
"is siting on a floor on racetrack playing outdoor layering."
] | 0 | throw the the kid in the bed and stands. | unified_mcqa_swag | |
context:
a zonular refkhurana 3rd/e p. 187
Cataracts in a newborn is: | [
"Zonular",
"Nuclear",
"Snowflake",
"Cortical"
] | 0 | Zonular | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
Ans. Peripheral anterior synechiae
Secondary glaucoma following corneal perforation is due to: | [
"Central anterior synechiae formation",
"Peripheral anterior synechiae",
"Intraocular haemorrhage",
"Angle recession"
] | 1 | Peripheral anterior synechiae | unified_mcqa_medmcqa | |
context:
One of Vancouver's nicknames is Hollywood North. This name comes from the fact that Vancouver is
the third most filmed city in North America behind Los Angeles and New York City.
Vancouver became known as a filming destination because it is a perfect stand-in for other
cities. Shot from the right angles, the downtown core could look like New York, Seattle, Boston or a
variety of other places. Also, the architectural smorgasbord that is Vancouver, the low Canadian
dollar, and generous tax subsidies attracted film production companies to the city.
Many would accuse Vancouver of simply being a stand-in city, and not really being of any
significance to the overall culture of film production. However, this has proven not to be the case. The
creative establishment in the film sector has realized that Vancouver is more than just a stand-in; it is a
city that is filled with talent.
Earlier this year Pixar Studios opened an animation studio in Vancouver. The animators made famous
by such hits as Toy Story, Monsters Inc, and Wall-E, demonstrated that Vancouver is now a major player
in the film industry by opening up shops in the city.
Amir Nasrabadi, the General Manager for Pixar Canada said the company decided to open an office in
the city because of the "very mature, high-quality talent pool, driven primary by the strength of
the industry and great local universities and schools"
For now the studio will work as a satellite branch of Pixar's California studios, but future plans
include the Vancouver studio taking on its own feature films. The British Columbia Film Commissioner,
Susan Croome, told CTV News in an interview that "Pixar's announcement is ly fantastic". When
asked if this expansion of Vancouver's film industry was the result of favorable exchange rates, she
responded that it wasn't, and the company was making plans for the long term.
What is a factor that makes Vancouver an attractive city for film production? | [
"Lower expenses",
"Historical places",
"Pixar Studios opening an animation studio",
"Right angles suitable for shooting films"
] | 0 | Lower expenses | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
House For Sale
Red Rose Garden, Pudong
3-story home, 509 sqm total land area, 428.8 sqm built-in, 312.2 sqm garden. Asking RMB 13 million (USD 1.57 million).
MP: 13761973547 Tel: 021-58609228 Fax: 021-58609728
Job Wanted
Cherry, 24, a shining girl, good at oral English and Putonghua. Now I am working at an international trade company in Guangzhou. I am kind-hearted, hard-working and healthy, and would like part-time weekend work offering Putonghua lessons to foreign friends. If you are interested, please email me at _.
Beijing Snow World Ski Park
Price: 18 yuan (ticket), 50 yuan/hour on weekdays and 70 yuan/hour on weekends, 120 yuan/four hours on weekdays and 190 yuan/four hours on weekends.
Tel : 010-69191617
How many square meters is the garden of the house for sale? | [
"509 sqm.",
"428.8 sqm.",
"312.2 sqm.",
"80.2 sqm."
] | 2 | 312.2 sqm. | unified_mcqa_race | |
context:
When I first began to work with international students, I asked someone at a lunch, "What brings you here today?" Looking at me like I was a bit crazy, he answered, " The bus." That was my first realization that no matter how good a speaker is, there are phrases that will always tend to cause confusion to non-native speakers. These idiomatic phrases add color and interest to any language and are worth learning if you want to talk fluently with native speakers.
"By no stretch"----The speaker is referring to something that's very hard to achieve or realize, even with great effort, as in "It was not a good meal, by any stretch of the imagination." Which means that _.
"Half dead"----An expression of extreme tiredness, having nothing to do with actual health. Commonly used at the end of a long and tiring day.
"By the book"----This means that an action should follow the rules exactly. It also describes the nature of someone who won't deviate from a set of rules no matter what the situation is.
"More power to you"----This isn't a wish for you to have better electricity from the power company----it's a statement, usually slightly ironic, that the speaker thinks that you are unlikely to do a task, but you should try if you think you can complete it. It generally means the speaker has no intention of helping you achieve your goal neither will they discourage you from attempting to reach it. For example, "I don't think you can meet that deadline, but more power to you."
"As easy as pie"----A reference that something is as simple or easy as eating a delicious dessert, or that it requires little effort to successfully achieve. In chatting, this phrase does not refer to the process of cooking or eating.
If a person daren't do things in a creative way, you may describe him by using " _ ". | [
"by no stretch",
"by the book",
"as easy as pie",
"the breaker of rules"
] | 1 | by the book | unified_mcqa_race |
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