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0.667413	George Henry Backhaus (1811-1882), Catholic priest, was born on 15 February 1811 at Paderborn, Prussia, one of nine children of a boot merchant. He made his early studies with distinction in Paderborn, going then to Rome to study for the priesthood at the College of the Propagation of the Faith (D.D., 1836). He was ordained priest on 24 August 1836. His missionary zeal drew him to India; he sailed from Ireland as chaplain to some troops, and later worked at Berhampur in the vicariate of Bengal under Dr Carew. He laboured in that area for several years and in 1841 visited Ireland, whence he brought some Loreto Sisters from Rathfarnham to his vicariate. In 1846 a liver complaint and poor health caused him to leave India in search of a cooler climate. After visiting Singapore and Batavia he came to Australia, and spent eleven months in Sydney, finding scope for his musical ability with the Sydney Metropolitan Choir. Life was congenial there, but on learning that the Bishop of Adelaide was unable to obtain a priest for the German Catholics in his area, he decided that his place was with them. He left Sydney on 20 October 1847 and worked hard in poor conditions in the Adelaide diocese for more than four years. In that time he decided to make the Australian mission his life work, and took the oath of allegiance in June 1849. In 1851 a group of influential citizens at East Adelaide petitioned him to stand for the Legislative Council but he declined. Many struggling settlers left South Australia when they heard of the gold discoveries in Victoria and on 19 February 1852 Bishop Francis Murphy wrote to Backhaus suggesting that he return to Sydney as it was no longer possible to find sufficient revenue to support him. The suggestion must have been tempting, but the pioneer priest decided instead to go where he was needed most, to the Victorian goldfields. He sailed from Adelaide in the Marshal Bennett on 4 March, arrived in Melbourne eleven days later, and volunteered to make the diggings his mission field. An entry made by him in a family Bible states that on Sunday, 25 April 1852, he, 'having been appointed the first priest to take charge of the Catholic population on the Victorian goldfields, celebrated the first Mass in the Gold Commissioner's camp at Forest Creek diggings'. He said the first Sunday Mass in the Bendigo area on 2 May. In those first months he travelled constantly round the various diggings, his base of operations being at Mount Alexander. Later that year another priest was stationed at Kyneton, leaving Backhaus free to concentrate on the area along the Bendigo Creek. The original Mass site in that district was at Golden Square, but before the end of 1852 he pitched his tent at the site where St Kilian's Church now stands. The first church was a tent; a slab-walled chapel with a canvas roof was built by the miners one hot Sunday in 1853. A Catholic school was started in it, the first of many he established in the district over the next few years. In 1855 Bishop James Goold on a visit from Melbourne insisted that a church be started. A contract for a stone church was signed within a few months and despite difficulties with foundations and materials it was in use early in 1858, though not completed for another five years. Backhaus, a German missionary to predominantly Irish people, decided to dedicate the church to St Kilian, an early Irish missionary to Germany and one of the patron saints of Paderborn. He was unremitting in his work as a priest, and in addition was most active in public affairs; his considerable medical knowledge was also in constant demand. When he announced in 1863 that he was resigning and returning to Europe for personal reasons, the leading citizens arranged a banquet to fête this 'scholar and gentleman' who was so universally respected. A valuable set of church plate arrived at St Kilian's in 1865 as a gift from him, and next year he returned to his adopted country and resumed work in Adelaide. He went to Bendigo in May 1867 and, eight years later when it became a diocese of its own, Bishop Martin Crane made him vicar-general. Feeling the weight of years he retired from parish work in 1881 and after another big public farewell lived in a house he had bought at Brighton near Melbourne. When he became seriously ill in August 1882 he insisted on returning to Bendigo; he died there on 7 September and was buried in the churchyard at St Kilian's with a funeral which seems to have been without parallel in the town's history. Tall and ascetic looking, he was the complete example of the educated man who chose to share the hardships of the early gold diggers so that he could best minister to their wants. Frugal in his own requirements, he constantly carried out surreptitious acts of charity. He had the rare distinction of being esteemed by the poor as well as the rich, by his own parishioners and by members of other denominations. Forthright and of an independent spirit, he combined a confidence in his own judgment with a ready obedience to ecclesiastical authority. He was a talented musician who maintained a high standard in his own church choir, and who also produced some notable compositions of his own. For his sound business acumen he was sometimes called 'Rev. Corner Allotments' because of the valuable properties he acquired in the early days. In carrying out a promise in 1863 to make St Kilian's his heir, he left real estate, valued for probate at more than £75,000, to accumulate for twenty years and to assist in carrying on the development he had begun. Perhaps his epitaph could best be written in his words at the farewell function in 1881: 'We have succeeded in living such useful lives, that of our existence on Bendigo, imperishable memorials will remain'. A. E. Owens, 'Backhaus, George Henry (1811–1882)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/backhaus-george-henry-43/text4199, published first in hardcopy 1969, accessed online 20 April 2019.
0.995987	If life is so purposeless, do you feel that it's worth living? Yes, for those of us who manage somehow to cope with our mortality. The very meaninglessness of life forces man to create his own meaning. Children, of course, begin life with an untarnished sense of wonder, a capacity to experience total joy at somethinig as simple as the greenness of a leaf; but as they grow older, the awareness of death and decay begins to impinge on their consciousness and subtly erode their joie de vivre, their idealism - and their assumption of immortality. As a child matures, he sees death and pain everywhere about him, and begins to lose faith in the ultimate goodness of man. But if he's reasonably strong - and lucky - he can emerge from this twilight of the soul into a rebirth of life's elan. Both because of and in spite of his awareness of the meaninglessness of life, he can forge a fresh sense of purpose and affirmation. He may not recapture the same pure sense of wonder he was born with, but he can shape something far more enduring and sustaining. The most terrifying fact about the universe is not that it is hostile but that it is indifferent; but if we can come to terms with this indifference and accept the challenges of life within the boundaries of death - however mutable man may be able to make them - our existence as a species can have genuine meaning and fulfillment. However vast the darkness, we must supply our own light.
0.764404	What kind of worldview do you have? As the word itself suggests, a worldview is an overall view of the world. It’s not a physical view of the world, but rather a philosophical view, an all-encompassing perspective on everything that exists and matters to us. A person’s worldview represents his most fundamental beliefs and assumptions about the universe. It reflects how we answer all the “big questions” of human existence: fundamental questions about who and what we are, where we came from, why we’re here, where (if anywhere) we’re headed, the meaning and purpose of life, the nature of the afterlife, and what counts as a good life here and now. A Christian worldview is a comprehensive view of the world from a biblical standpoint. A Christian’s view of the world is comprised of a number of distinct, biblical elements. The Christian filters their day through a biblical/spiritual prism and sees the world as a harmonious set of beliefs and perspectives. The Theology of the Christian worldview is the affirmation of the existence of an intelligent, powerful, loving, just, and awesome God who exists in the Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The single most important philosophical truth in the Christian worldview is that Jesus Christ is the Logos (word, or mind) of God. Christian philosophy says Christ, the Logos, is the explanation for the universe and everything in it. According to the Christian worldview, God’s moral nature is absolute and unchanging. God always hates evil and loves good. The Bible is of supreme importance because it tells us the difference between good and evil, providing a framework on which a completely unambiguous ethics must be built. Only the creationist perspective can adequately account for the design in nature, since it requires a Designer, a law-giver, and an orderly cause. The Christian worldview holds that the creationist model as described in scripture better fits the facts of science than the evolutionary model. Only the Christian worldview, with its emphasis on the spiritual and its understanding of man’s fallen condition can truly address the innermost concerns of the individual. Christian psychology helps people get in touch with their real selves only because it allows them to recognize their own sinfulness and consequently their need for a Savior. According to the Christian worldview, Christian sociology is based on the proposition that both the individual and the social order are important to God, mankind, and society. Christ died and rose again for each person as an individual. God also ordained the social institutions of family, church, and state to teach love, respect, discipline, work, and community. According to the Christian worldview, law consists of both natural and divine law originating in the very character or a righteous and loving God. Divine law is eternal because God is eternal. It is so eternal and permanent that someday God will use it to judge the world in a judgment based on natural and revealed law. Romans 2:12 NIV All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law. God established human government and the rule of law primarily to keep in check man’s sinful nature and passions. The Christian worldview recognizes the state as a God-ordained institution. Romans 13:1‭-‬7 NIV Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God. Consequently, whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and you will be commended. For the one in authority is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for rulers do not bear the sword for no reason. They are God’s servants, agents of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer. Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also as a matter of conscience. This is also why you pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, who give their full time to governing. Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor. 1 Peter 2:13‭-‬17 NIV Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human authority: whether to the emperor, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right. For it is God’s will that by doing good you should silence the ignorant talk of foolish people. Live as free people, but do not use your freedom as a cover-up for evil; live as God’s slaves. Show proper respect to everyone, love the family of believers, fear God, honor the emperor. Christianity also believes in the depravity of man and his moral responsibility. Therefore, government is a necessary institution. However, government has limited obligations, not totalitarian powers. The Christian worldview begins its economic theory with an assumption about human nature. The Bible declares that man is sinful. The Bible also establishes the concept of justice. Therefore, the most desirable economic system promotes justice by protecting the rights of individuals from infringement by others, containing basic checks and balances that can guarantee the protection of human rights. Accordingly, the Christian worldview maintains that the free enterprise system is the most compatible with these criterion. The Christian worldview sees history as a movement from the creation of the world, through the fall of humanity, to the redemption of the world and humanity. It was the fall that destroyed humanity’s relationship with God, each other, and the world. It was the work of Jesus Christ on the cross that redeemed humanity and will finally restore the world back under God’s good rule. The Secular Worldview is a comprehensive view of the world from a materialistic, naturalistic standpoint. The Secular Humanist sees no place for the supernatural or immaterial. There is no place in the Humanist worldview for either immortality or God in the valid meanings of those terms. Humanism contends that instead of the gods creating the cosmos, the cosmos, in the individualized form of human beings giving rein to their imagination, created the gods. Secular Humanists believe that there is no God, that science and the scientific process have made God obsolete. Humanists believe that only matter – things we can touch, feel, prove, or study – exists and has always existed. Man is only matter (no soul or spirit). No supernatural explanation is needed for the existence of this matter. Naturalism says that only matter exists – things you can touch, feel, and study. The Humanist trusts the scientific method as the only sure way of knowing anything, so if something cannot be observed, tested, and experimented on, it doesn’t exist. Since you can’t observe God, hell, the human mind or spirit, or conduct experiments on them they can’t – and don’t – exist. Since the Secular Worldview rejects the existence of God, human beings get to decide on standards and values. Humanists believe that science, reason, and historical experience are sufficient guides for figuring out what is right or wrong in any situation. These standards will not always be the same, as each person has a different background and reasoning. Therefore, the standards and values – ethics – are relative. The theory of Neo-Darwinism says that natural selection acts on genetic variations within individuals in populations and that mutations (especially random copying errors in DNA) provide the main source of these variations. Because positive mutations seem to be rare, Neo-Darwinism contends that evolution will be a slow, gradual process. Without naturalistic evolution, there is no Secular Worldview. Anything else would demand a Creator, which would mean that man is not the source of all things. The Secular Worldview focuses on man’s inherent goodness and predicts that every individual can achieve mental health through the fulfillment of physical or material needs. This is the psychology of self-actualization. Monism means that man is only body – no soul, mind, or conscience exists. If man is only matter, then his actions are simply the result of mechanical impulses. Humanists use sociology to explain the difference between their view that man is capable of perfection and the real world of evil. They say civilization and culture shape the individual. Thus, man is evil because his cultural and social environments are evil, not through any fault of his own – society and culture have influenced man’s actions. According to the Secular Worldview, Humanists believe that the world government is the next logical step on man’s evolutionary road to utopia, as man is now conscious of his evolution and is responsible to direct it. Also, a goal of Humanism is world peace, and a global state can best achieve it. The state, directed properly, plays a central role in guiding man. Most Humanists believe in some type of interventionist economy because this is more consistent with their belief that man is an evolving creature who will become capable of planning the perfect economy. Man, who must “save himself,” must be in absolute control of all aspects of his universe. Editor’s Note:. The following article, 8 Misconceptions About God That Are Holding You Back written by Wesley Baines was originally published on beliefnet.com. Bold emphasis mine. Christianity is the largest religion on the planet in terms of believers. It’s also one of the most misunderstood—even by its own adherents. The truth is that Christianity has changed a lot since Jesus walked the earth, and not all of that change has been positive. Between people and God have come obscuring layers of tradition, misinformation, ignorance, and wishful thinking, making it difficult for anyone—believers and non-believers alike—to find out who God is anymore. This is a huge problem. Christianity purports to teach believers how to live a moral life, and how to go about making our world the best place it can be. When we misunderstand the character of God, both missions can become seriously warped. And with Christianity having 2.2 billion adherents, this warped view stands to do some serious damage—when you don’t truly know what scripture says about God, you can justify just about anything in the name of Christianity. But there’s an answer to this: a close, educated, and careful reading of scripture will begin to reveal what has been obscured. Reading each verse with the context in mind—who is speaking, who is being spoken to, and what historical environment they’re in—will go a long way toward helping you find the truth of God’s character. It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking God backs one political party or another, but this type of thinking is in error. God is not a Republican. God is not a Democrat. God is God. Each of our human political parties is deeply flawed, and neither can live up to God’s standards. Blind loyalty to one party or another, because you believe that God backs that party, will result in blind devotion to that party’s leaders. But instead of thinking in terms of party loyalty when it comes to electing candidates, why not think in terms of loyalty to God? Closely examine the worldview of each candidate, and vote according to which most closely aligns with the goodness of God. Remember—the two most important of God’s commands are to love Him, and to love one another. All too often, we forget that second command in favor of the first when we vote. There’s no doubt that it’s difficult to reconcile the existence of a loving, all-powerful God with the reality of suffering and evil. Why wouldn’t God stop the Holocaust? Why doesn’t He heal children who have cancer? Why do natural disasters kill innocent people? If God was really all-powerful and loving, wouldn’t He stop these things from happening? This is the question that eats at the heart of many Christians, holding them back from a close relationship with God. Fortunately, there’s an answer to be had, and it lies in two words. God didn’t allow the temptation of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil in the Garden of Eden just so that the first humans could bring about the fall of creation. In the tree, He gave them a gift: choice. Adam and Eve were free to choose God’s rule or their own. And despite the consequences, they chose their own rule. God gives every creation that same free will—we can choose to live by His commands, which are meant to make the world as lovely and livable as possible. Or we can choose to live selfishly. Consider this. Imagine a world where God stopped all sin. The moment you think about taking your sibling’s pencil, the thought disappears. Someone tries to jaywalk, only to be stopped by an invisible wall. A married man finds his eyes on another woman, and simply disappears. Further, imagine that God changes your very mind in this world, forcing you to love and adore Him. You wouldn’t be very free, would you? You’d be a slave. God doesn’t make slaves, and so because we have free will and live in a fallen world as a result of our choices, bad things happen. God still loves us, and because of that love, He doesn’t try to control us. God made things this way for a purpose. We like to anthropomorphize God, ascribing human behavior, feelings, and thoughts to Him, but this is a grave mistake that can keep you from fully knowing God. The truth is that although we are made in God’s image, God is not like us. He does not think like us, feel like us, or behave like us. This is because God is transcendent, immanent, omnipotent, and all-powerful. To be transcendent is to exist apart from the limitations of reality—God is beyond space and time. To be immanent is to be within all things, pervading and sustaining the universe. To be omnipotent is to be aware of all things. To be all-powerful is to be able to act in any way. Still sound human to you? God is perfectly loving, perfectly just, and perfectly good in ways we cannot understand in this life—His motivations are not human motivations, and so it’s not helpful to understand Him in this way. To do so diminishes God in our minds, and may move us to question His edicts in the same way we might question the edits of a human leader. Realize just how different God really is, though, and you’ll find faith far easier to come by. How many of us have been out at a party, enjoying the embrace of a loved one, or just relaxing during some free time, only to feel a pang of divine guilt. We’re having fun, and so we must be doing something wrong, right? Not so fast. The idea that God is anti-fun holds many Christians back from full, satisfying lives. It’s true that God gives us guidelines on how to live, but when we examine the motivation behind these rules, we can see that they’re not in place to curb our enjoyment, but to keep us happy and safe. Take sexual sin, for example. Christ taught that adultery is a sin, and it’s no wonder that he did—simply look at the consequences. Broken hearts. Depression. Health and financial trouble. Troubled children. The list goes on. God created us and is all-knowing, and so He knows what behaviors are good and bad for us in the long run. Scripture helps us to home in on behaviors which are good for us, and avoid those which are bad. There’s one Christian ministry that has done more damage to the Church than any external enemy has ever managed to do. This bending of the Christian faith revolves around the idea that God is like a vending machine. Drop in your tithe, and out pops a brand-name blessing in the form of a new car, a miraculous healing, or even a win for your favorite football team. Thinking that God will solve all of your problems is the fast-track to losing your faith when none of those problems are solved. The truth is this: God gives us no promise of happiness, health, or financial security in this life. Our treasures, rather, lie in heaven, as Christ proclaimed in His famous Sermon on the Mount. Scripture, in fact, promises that difficulty will come to us in this life—it promises this from the very beginning, in Genesis. 1 Peter 4:12‭-‬13 NIV Dear friends, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal that has come on you to test you, as though something strange were happening to you. But rejoice inasmuch as you participate in the sufferings of Christ, so that you may be overjoyed when his glory is revealed. God does promise healing, rewards for the faithful, and perfect happiness, but only after He remakes heaven and earth without the curse of sin. For now, keep your eyes on this end goal, and follow God’s commands to love Him and your neighbor. You may not be made rich, but you’ll live an absolutely fulfilling life that will end in the ultimate blessing. This is a contentious topic, no doubt, but an important one. God is referred to using male pronouns throughout scripture, but just as we should avoid ascribing overly human motivations to an infinite being, we should avoid ascribing gender norms, as well. In Genesis, God created humankind, both male and female. Both were made in His image. Think about that. Women were made in the image of God just as much as men are. God has the qualities of both. For example, in Matthew 23:37, Christ laments that he wishes to gather His people “like a hen gathers her chicks under her wings.” In Hosea 13:8, God is compared to a protective mother bear, and in Isaiah 66:12, He is compared to a mother comforting her child. In God, we don’t just have a stern and watchful father to guide us, but a warm and protective mother, as well. If this seems sacrilegious, remember that God is a spirit—He doesn’t have a physical body or a gender, and so this isn’t to say that God is literally a man and a woman as we know these terms. God simply has the attributes of both. In this, God is able to be everything we need, and so don’t be afraid to ask for the love and comfort you’d expect from a mother. God is fully able to give these things. Of all the misconceptions about God, this may very well be the most harmful. A sense of pathological certainty regarding His Will can give us license to do whatever we want in His name—no matter how selfish or hurtful. This often stems from a misconception we’ve already discussed—mistakenly assigning human motivations and behavior to God. But this problem can also take root in those who don’t carefully read scripture, and who simply see what they wish to see within God’s Word, closing their minds to other points of view. Too often, those suffering from this error use scripture to justify sinful actions, such as treating others badly or hoarding power. At the very least, it results in a Christian who doesn’t truly understand God’s direction for their life. Absolute certainty stops the process of learning about God. We should always be open to changing our point of view upon gaining a greater understanding of scripture, and subsequently, of who God truly is. This means seeking out spiritual mentors, studying scripture closely, and being willing to entertain new ideas. Stay teachable, and God will speak to you. Knowing God takes time, humility, and a teachable spirit. But as you grow closer to Him through your studies, you’ll find that the Fruits of the Spirit—love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, meekness, and self-control—will manifest in your life and personality. That’s one of the major ways in which God touches the world—through you, and His Church. Get to know God properly so that you can truly represent Him on earth.
0.995384	("Dedicatio Sanctæ Mariæ ad Nives"). A feast celebrated on 5 August to commemorate the dedication of the church of Santa Maria Maggiore on the Esquiline Hill in Rome. The church was originally built by Pope Liberius (352-366) and was called after him "Basilica Liberii" or "Liberiana". It was restored by Pope Sixtus III (432-440) and dedicated to Our Lady. From that time on it was known as "Basilica S. Mariæ" or "Mariæ Majoris"; since the seventh century it was known also as "Maria ad Præsepe". The appellation "ad Nives" (of the snow) originated a few hundred years later, as did also the legend which gave this name to the church. The legend runs thus: During the pontificate of Liberius, the Roman patrician John and his wife, who were without heirs, made a vow to donate their possessions to Our lady. They prayed to her that she might make known to them in what manner they were to dispose of their property in her honour. On 5 August, during the night, snow fell on the summit of the Esquiline Hill and, in obedience to a vision which they had the same night, they built a) basilica, in honour of Our Lady, on the spot which was covered with snow. From the fact that no mention whatever is made of this alleged miracle until a few hundred years later, not even by Sixtus III in his eight-lined dedicatory inscription [edited by de Rossi, "Inscript. Christ.", II, I (Rome, 1888), 71; Grisar (who has failed to authenticate the alleged miracle), "Analecta Romana", I (Rome, 1900), 77; Duchesne, "Liber Pontificalis", I (Paris, 1886), 235; Marucchi, "Eléments d'archéologie chrétienne", III (Paris and Rome, 1902), 155, etc.] it would seem that the legend has no historical basis. Originally the feast was celebrated only at Sta Maria Maggiore; in the fourteenth century it was extended to all the churches of Rome and finally it was made a universal feast by Pius V. Clement VIII raised it from a feast of double rite to double major. The mass is the common one for feasts of the Blessed Virgin; the office is also the common one of the Bl. Virgin, with the exception of the second Nocturn, which is an account of the alleged miracle. The congregation, which Benedict XIV instituted for the reform of the Breviary in 1741, proposed that the reading of the legend be struck from the Office and that the feast should again receive its original name, "Dedicatio Sanctæ Mariæ". Analecta Juris Pontificii, XXIV (Rome, 1885), 915; HOLWECK, Fasti Mariani (Freiburg, 1892), 164-6. MLA citation. Ott, Michael. "Our Lady of the Snow." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11361c.htm>.
0.999937	Working for 7-8 hours a day sitting at your desk can be a disturbing and uncomfortable experience for your body, resulting in pain and stiffness in the neck, back muscles, and shoulder. Busy work schedule is often said to be the reason for not exercising. Why not try these five yoga poses while sitting at your desk to help you relax, stretch and re-energize? twist can help in releasing any back tension, improving digestion and sitting posture. Seated forward bend- Bring your arms behind your lower back and interlock your fingers while sitting straight. From the waist, lean forward bringing the hands over the back. Now hold still and breathe 5-10 times. This position is particularly helpful in releasing back and shoulder tension, increasing flexibility and relieving backache. Forward Fold- Stand up straight and fold forward, letting your shoulder and head hang down. Stand still and breath 5-10 times. Slowly stand back straight and after a few long breaths repeat the process. This position can improve balance, flexibility, and destress neck and shoulders. Finger stretch- Placing your fingers pointing downwards, stretch your hand on the desk. With your other hand apply gentle pressure to counter-stretch it. Hold it for a couple of seconds before losing it. Repeat the process on the other hand and do it 5-10 times on each side. This exercise is an effective way to release the tension ins wrist and forearm. Cow face arms- Sitting in an upright position, place your right arm behind your back and left the arm behind the head. Clasp your fingers and while holding still, breathe 5-10 times. Switch arms and repeat Practice this position to improve posture, core strength, and relax shoulders.
0.999228	Prostate cancer is the most common cancer (not including skin cancer) in men. About 140,000 new prostate cancers are diagnosed yearly in the U.S. About 40,000 men die of prostate cancer per year in the U.S. One in every ten men in the U.S. will develop prostate cancer. In other words, the risk of developing prostate cancer in a man's lifetime is 10%. Age: As a man ages, his risk of developing prostate cancer increases. Family history: Having one first degree relative (brother or father) with prostate cancer increases the risk of prostate cancer by two fold. If a person has more than one first degree relative with prostate cancer, his risk will increase by four to nine folds. Ethnicity: African Americans have the highest risk of developing prostate cancer, while Asian Americans have the lowest risk. Hormones: Prolonged exposure to testosterone is believed to be associated with prostate cancer. Men who lost both testicles before puberty have virtually no chance of developing prostate cancer. Stage I: Cancer that cannot be felt during a rectal exam. It is usually discovered when surgery is done for a benign prostatic process. Cancer is confined to the prostate and occupies a small amount of the prostate. Stage II: Cancer more advanced, but still confined to the prostate. Stage III: Cancer beyond capsule of prostate, possibly in the seminal vesicles.
0.868865	Why, hello there! It is spring break for this girl and I am super happy. I am currently on the beach in the tropics, laying on the sand in a bikini while smoking hot native men are cooling me down with palm fronds and feeding me mango. Not true, but how I wish that were true! I am actually drinking tea in the kitchen of my parents' house in Atlanta, Georgia with my apron on because I just made the most delicious banana bread. My favorite part of being at my parents' house is the kitchen. It's beautiful, with country white cabinets, 4 times the size of my NYC apartment kitchen, and it always has any ingredient for baking everything. Coming home to bake is my vacation. Plus, it's always more fun getting to share goodies with the family instead of them just sitting in my kitchen. This banana bread recipe was originally my mother's and is amazing. For the bananas, the riper and blacker the peel, the better. Is blacker a word? 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Butter loaf pan. 2. Blend butter and granulated sugar in an electric mixer until creamy, about two to three minutes. 3. Add bananas and mix about three minutes, until smooth. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. 4. Whisk flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and cinnamon in a small bowl. Add to banana mixture in three additions, mixing well between each. 6. Pour into loaf pan. Bake for 45 minutes to 1 hour or until center is set and a toothpick, when inserted, comes out clean.
0.999973	Professor Hamidullah belonged to an illustrious family of scholars, jurists, writers and sufis. His ancestors migrated from Arabia a few centuries ago. The distinguished sufi scholar ï¿½Ala al-Din ï¿½Ali Ibn Ahmad Al-Mahaï¿½imi (d. 1431), who is buried in Mumbai, Habibullah Bijapuri, an eminent sufi of the Deccan, and Muhammad Husayn Shahid, the last principal of the famed madrasah set up by the Brahman vizier Mahmud Gawan, were among his illustrious ancestors. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s great grandfather Mawlvi Muhammad Ghaws Sharfuï¿½l-Mulk (d. 1238/1822) was well versed in Arabic and Islamic studies. He wrote more than 30 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu. One of his important works is a commentary on the Qurï¿½an, Nathruï¿½l-Marjan fi Rasm Nazmiï¿½l-Qurï¿½an, in seven volumes. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s maternal grandfather, Qadi Muhammad Sibghatullah (d. 1280/1863) was an accomplished scholar who wrote, among other books, a commentary on the Qurï¿½an. Nawab Ghulam Ghaws Khan, the ruler of Madras, appointed him as Chief Judge in 1272/1855. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s father, Mufti Abu Muhammad Khalilullah, was a scholar of considerable accomplishments. He migrated from Madras to Hyderabad where he was appointed director of the revenue Department in the Nizamï¿½s government. He set up the first non-interest financial institution in Hyderabad. He passed away in 1363/1943. Professor Hamidullah was born in Hyderabad. He was the youngest among the three brothers and five sisters, who were all well versed in Arabic, Persian and Urdu, as well as in Islamic learning. He received his early education at home, first from his sisters and then from his father. Later he was admitted in the Madrasah Nizamiyyah where he passed the examination for the degree for Mawlvi Kamil with distinction in 1924. His father had misgivings about Western education. Aware of his fatherï¿½s antipathy towards English education, the young Hamidullah secretively sat for the matriculation examination and, when the results were declared, topped the list of successful candidates. His father, who came to know about his sonï¿½s dazzling success through the local newspaper, sent for him. The young scholar came to the father with trepidation, fearing that he would get a reprimand for having appeared for an English exam, and that too without the fatherï¿½s permission. However, the young Hamidullah got a pleasant surprise when, instead of scolding, his father expressed his whole-hearted appreciation and joy over his sonï¿½s achievement and told him to carry on with his education. His fatherï¿½s affection and encouragement kept him in good stead in the years to come. Professor Hamidullah took admission in Osmania University in 1924 and passed the B.A., LL.B., and M.A. examinations in the first division. He was awarded a fellowship by the Osmania University to pursue doctoral studies in International Islamic Law. He traveled to several Islamic as well as European countries for the purpose of collecting information for his research. He was awarded D. Phil by the Bonn University in 1932. In recognition of his outstanding ability and his proficiency in several oriental languages, he was appointed a lecturer in Arabic and Urdu at Bonn University. After spending some time in Germany, he came to Paris where he registered at the Sorbonne University for another doctoral degree. In a short period of 11 months, Sorbonne University conferred on him the degree of D. Litt. During his stay in Europe, Professor Hamidullah had an opportunity to visit Istanbul. He visited the famed libraries and museums of Istanbul and saw, to his delight and amazement, thousands of rare Islamic manuscripts in Arabic, Persian and Turkish languages. Excited, he wrote to his father that he had seen a rare manuscript of Dhahabiï¿½s Duwaluï¿½l-Islam in one of the libraries of Istanbul. His sister, who also read the letter, wrote back to him, saying that he did not seem to remember that a copy of his manuscript was in their ancestral collection and that it had a few missing pages. She requested him to obtain the photographs of the missing pages and bring them home. Professor Hamidullah returned to Hyderabad in 1938 and was immediately appointed a lecturer in Islamic Fiqh and later in International Islamic Law at the Osmania University. Following the amalgamation of the erstwhile Hyderabad state into the Indian Union in 1948, Professor Hamidullah migrated to Paris. He took up an assignment with Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique in 1954, which ended in 1978. During this period, he also lectured at several universities in Turkey. Some of his former students, such as Dr Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, Director-General, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, Istanbul, and Professor Salih Tug, former Dean, Faculty of Theology, Marama University, occupy important positions in universities and research centers in Turkey and other Islamic countries. In a scholarly career spanning seven decades, Professor Hamidullah wrote extensively across a wide spectrum of Islamic disciplines, including the translation of the Qurï¿½an in French, English and German, Hadith, biography of Prophet Muhammad (sws), Fiqh, Islamic International Law, Islamic History, and Arabic epigraphy. He wrote over a hundred books and over 1000 articles in seven languages, including French, German, English, Arabic, Turkish, Persian and Urdu. No other contemporary Muslim scholar can match his exceptional proficiency in several languages. He knew 22 languages, including Thai, which he learnt at the age of 84. Professor Hamidullah is the only scholar in the world to have translated the Qurï¿½an in three European languages: French, English and German. The French translation has an interesting background. Some time in the 1950s, Professor Hamidullah heard a knock at his door. The caller introduced himself as a local publisher who was interested in bringing out a French translation of the Holy Qurï¿½an. He gave a reference of the celebrated French Orientalist Louis Massignon, who had suggested that he should approach Professor Hamidullah for doing the French translation because he believed that no one else was better suited for this challenging and formidable task. Professor Hamidullah felt that the French translation of the Qurï¿½an, or its translation in any language for that matter, should in some measure convey the incomparable eloquence, majesty and persuasiveness of the original Arabic text. The thought that French was not his mother tongue and therefore he would not be able to do justice to the translation weighed rather heavily on his mind. When he expressed his anxiety on this count to the publisher, the latter suggested a remedial measure; Professor Hamidullah could render the text of the Qurï¿½an into French and the language of the translation could be polished and refined by a French man of letters. He, therefore, agreed to do the translation. This translation was first published in Paris in 1959. It has undergone over 30 reprints and the last edition has sold over two million copies. It remains the largest selling and the most widely read translation of the Holy Qurï¿½an in any European language. Parts of the English translation of the Qurï¿½an by Professor Hamidullah were published from South Africa in 1960. The German translation, though complete, remains unpublished. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s abiding interest in the translation and interpretation of the Qurï¿½an is reflected in his book, The Qurï¿½an in Every Language, wherein details about the translations of the Qurï¿½an in 125 languages, together with the translation of the first chapter of the Qurï¿½an in each of these languages, have been provided. The book was published in 1939. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s contribution to the literature on Sirah (Prophet Muhammadï¿½s (sws) biography) is marked by a refreshing originality and acuity of insight. His first book on the subject, published in 1935, deals with the diplomatic correspondence of the Prophet (sws) and his Companions (rta). His major Arabic book Al-Wathaï¿½iq al-Siyasiyyah, first published from Cairo in 1941, contains the texts, with critical notes and references, of more than 300 documents, including correspondence, treaties, proclamations and assurances, pertaining to the period of the Prophet (sws) and the four Caliphs. His French book Six Originaux des letters diplomatiques du Porphete e Iï¿½Islam, contains a comprehensive and exhaustive discussion in the light of classical as well as contemporary sources, on six of the Prophetï¿½s letters whose original texts have been preserved. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s biography of the Prophet (sws) in French entitled Le Prophet de Iï¿½Islam, first published in two volumes in 1959, has undergone several reprints and has been translated into several languages. He wrote a biography of the Prophet (sws) in English entitled Muhammad Rasulallah (sws) a short treatise, entitled The Battlefields of Prophet Muhammad (sws) in English and Urdu, combines information gleaned from the classical sources as well as from field work and topographical maps relating to the sites associated with the Prophetï¿½s military expeditions. Another significant work of Professor Hamidullah is Muslim Conduct of State, first published in 1941, which deals with theory and practice of statecraft in the early Islamic period. 1. Sahifah Hammam Ibn Munabbih by Hammam Ibn Munabbih (d. 101 A.H), published from Damascus in 1953, Urdu and English translation were published from Hyderabad in 1955 and 1961. 2. Kitabuï¿½l-Mubtada waï¿½l Mabï¿½ath wal-Maghazi by Ibn Ishaq (d. 151 AH) published from Rabat in 1976. 3. Ansabuï¿½l-Ashraf by Baladhuri (d. 892 AH), published from Egypt in 1959. 4. Kitabuï¿½l-Riddah by Waqidi (d. 807 AH), published from Damascus in 1964. 5. Al-Dhakhaï¿½ir waï¿½l-Tuhaf by Qadi Rashid Ibn Zubayr (d. 563 A.H.), published from Kuwait in 1959. 6. Maï¿½danuï¿½l-Jawahir fi tarikhiï¿½l-Basrah waï¿½l-Jazaï¿½ir, by Shaykh Nuï¿½man Ibn Muhammad, published from Islamabad, Pakistan in 1973. 7. Kitabuï¿½l-Nabat, by Abu Hanifah al-Dinawari (d. 882 A.H), published from Cairo in 1973; the English translation of the book by Professor Hamidullah was published from Pakistan. 8. Kitabuï¿½l-Sard waï¿½l-Fard fi Sahaï¿½ifiï¿½l-Akhbar, by Ismaï¿½il al-Qazwini, the text, together with the English translation, was published from Islamabad, Pakistan in 1411 A.H. Professor Hamidullah translated Sarakhsiï¿½s celebrated work Sharhuï¿½-Siyar al-Kabir in French. Parts of this translation, running into 3000 pages, were published from Ankara. Imam Bukhariï¿½s celebrated work Al-Sahih was rendered into French by some Western Orientalists. Professor Hamidullah compared the French translation with the original Arabic text and identified hundreds of errors in the translation. This book, comprising 600 pages, was published from Paris. He prepared a detailed and exhaustive index of Imam Bukhariï¿½s Al-Sahih in Arabic and French. Professor Hamidullah wrote books for the general reader as well. Mention should be made of Introduction to Islam, first published in 1957, which has been reprinted several times and has been translated into 22 languages. Professor Hamidullah belonged to that rare and rapidly dwindling breed of Muslim scholars who carried on the tradition of their illustrious forebears with utmost sincerity, incredible selflessness and exemplary dedication. A highly self-respecting person, he did not accept any gifts from any one. His French translation of the Qurï¿½an has sold millions of copies and the publisher has become a millionaire. Yet, he did not take a single franc by way of royalty. In 1987, the government of Pakistan presented him a cheque of US$ 25000 as a token of appreciation for his outstanding services to his cause of Islam. He promptly donated the money to the Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad. He was nominated for the prestigious King Faisal Award, but he declined it. Professor Hamidullahï¿½s selflessness and complete detachment from worldly allurement was reminiscent of the example set by the Muslim scholars and sages of earlier times.
0.988385	What do students think about measuring the energy of a quantum state? I probably don’t need to try too hard to convince you that quantum mechanics is a difficult subject and its results often seem to contradict our real-world experiences, from cats that are dead and alive to particles interfering with themselves. Nevertheless, quantum mechanics is a standard part of the physics curriculum and is essential to understanding today’s cutting edge experiments. As may be expected with physics that contradicts the students’ real life experiences, students encounter many difficulties with quantum mechanics. Today’s article focuses on student difficulties with and ideas around measuring the energy of quantum states. There’s a high probability that one of the following is true: you have never taken a quantum mechanics course, you are currently in a quantum mechanics class and confused, or it has been a while since taking a quantum mechanics course and have a vague recollection of energy measurements. So let’s start with an overview of the energy of quantum states. Let’s assume that we have a particle in a box since that is probably the most common system discussed in quantum mechanics classes. Unlike in classical physics, a particle in a box can only have certain allowed energy states. To find these, we have to find the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian, which in simple terms, means finding a special set of numbers of the function that describes the total energy of the system. In quantum mechanics, quantities are probabilistic until they are measured. This that until we measure the energy of a particle, we have to describe it as a sum of its possible states. For example, if there are two possible energies for a particle, state 1 (which we’ll call φ1) and state 2 (which we’ll call φ2), we would describe the particle as φ=c1φ1+c2φ2, where φ is called the wavefunction. The coefficients are related to the probability of measuring that energy. Since the probability must be one, the absolute squares of the coefficients have to add to 1. We use absolute squares since the coefficients can be complex numbers. Once we make a measurement, the particle is no longer described probabilistically and instead only has the state corresponding to the measured energy. So if we measured the particle to be in state 1, the description of the particle would be φ=φ1. As long as we don’t change the system by changing the energy, subsequent measurements of the energy will always return the energy of state 1. If we change the system, maybe by making the box bigger, the particle could be measured to be in state 1, state 2, or an entirely different state that wasn’t observed before. To understand student difficulties with measuring the energy of a quantum state, the researchers administered a series of relevant questions to sophomore students in a spin-first quantum mechanics class, to juniors in a two-semester traditional quantum mechanics course, and to graduate students during the first week of their quantum mechanics course. Questions were generated through discussions with students and by examining student responses to homework and exams. The researchers then identified difficulties that appeared in a wide variety of questions and in different contexts. Three of these questions and their variations were then analyzed for this study. By using multiple variations, the researchers could ensure that the difficulties were related to the concepts rather than the presentation or context of the question. The three questions are shown in figures 2-4. The particle is described by a wave function with elements in both eigenstates. Although a measurement of energy collapses it to one, the possibility of the other still exists, so a second measurement could get the other [energy]. Thus, even though the student understands the wavefunction “collapses” to a single energy, they incorrectly believe the other states are still possible. Second, students overapplied the idea of a stationary state, which is when the wavefunction is a single eigenstate (eg φ=φ1 or φ=φ2). These states have the property that the probability densities are time independent. Many students thought the probabilities of measuring different energies was time independent for the superposition state in question 1B because the wavefunction is a stationary state. While the answer is correct, the reasoning was not: the probabilities are time independent because the time dependence “cancels out” when taking the absolute square. This type of reasoning was common on three-dimensional problems as well, where only 25% of juniors could correctly explain why the probabilities were independent for a superposition state. Third, many students tried to use irrelevant, outside knowledge to answer the questions. For example, around 10% of the sophomore students thought that lower energy states were more likely to be measured because in classical physics, particles are more likely to have the lowest possible energy. In quantum mechanics however, the probability is entirely determined by the coefficients in the wavefunction. This line of reasoning was also observed in graduate students. Fourth, many of the students tried to attribute the time evolution of the wavefunction to something other than the Schrodinger equation. For example, many students engaged in some type of decay reasoning, in which they believed that whatever state was observed would decay to the ground state after enough time passed. The researchers believed that this belief comes from students incorrectly applying the ideas of spontaneous or stimulated emission. Other students (~20%) engaged in some type of “revival reasoning” in which the wavefunction returns to its initial state after a measurement is made. This idea also appeared on question 3C when the perturbation was removed: students believed the particle would return to its initial state once the perturbation was removed. Finally, some students engaged in “diffusion reasoning” in which they believed that after a measurement is made, the wavefunction will eventually consist of an equal superposition of all available eigenstates. Finally, many students do not relate the Hamiltonian, which describes the total energy, with the possible energy values. On question 1B, some students incorrectly claimed that the probability of measuring each energy is independent of time because the potential and Hamiltonian are time independent. Alternatively, on question 3C, around 30% of the juniors incorrectly thought that the original square well energies could be measured while the perturbation was present, not realizing that the perturbation changes the Hamiltonian and hence the allowed energies. In addition, of the students who realized the perturbation does change the energies, around half of them thought it took the particle time to “feel the effects” and hence won’t change to the new energies for a little while. This belief was also found among graduate students who on a problem similar to question 3, thought that if the potential were changed from an infinite square well to a harmonic oscillator, the particle would remain in its initial energy state until the particle felt the effect of the change. Even after instruction and multiple courses on quantum mechanics, many difficulties still remain. Today’s paper touches on five broad categories related to measuring the energy of a quantum state: understanding the relationship between the wavefunction and the energies, overapplying the idea of stationary states, bringing in irrelevant outside knowledge, not understanding that time dependence is determined by the Schrodinger equation, and not realizing that the Hamiltonian determines the possible energies. Work such as this one is essential since most PER studies are focused on introductory courses rather than upper division courses such as quantum mechanics. Figures used under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Particle in box from Wikipedia, used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Header image from Wikipedia, used under CC BY SA 3.0. Previous Previous post: The GRE: what is it good for?
0.994452	Given three ndarrays, condition, x, and y, return an ndarray with the elements from x or y, depending on the elements from condition are true or false. x and y must have the same shape. If condition has the same shape as x, each element in the output array is from x if the corresponding element in the condition is true, and from y if false. If condition does not have the same shape as x, it must be a 1D array whose size is the same as x’s first dimension size. Each row of the output array is from x’s row if the corresponding element from condition is true, and from y’s row if false. Note that all non-zero values are interpreted as True in condition.
0.937297	The Confederate States Marine Corps (CSMC) was a branch of the Confederate States armed forces during the American Civil War. It was established by an act of the Confederate Congress on March 16, 1861. The CSMC's manpower was initially authorized at 45 officers and 944 enlisted men, and was increased on September 24, 1862 to 1,026 enlisted men. The organization of the corps began at Montgomery, Alabama, and was completed at Richmond, Virginia, when the capital of the Confederate States was moved to that location. The CSMC headquarters and main training facilities remained in Richmond, Virginia throughout the war, located at Camp Beall on Drewry's Bluff and at the Gosport Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia. The last CSMC unit surrendered to the United States on April 9, 1865, with the Confederacy itself capitulating to the U.S. a month later. Seagoing detachments served aboard the various warships and even on commerce destroyers. These officers assembled with the CSMC as it stood up in Richmond, Virginia, with the exception of Captain Tansill, who had resigned while still on board USS Congress at sea. Captain Tansill was arrested by order of Secretary Welles of the U.S. Navy when he arrived in New York on August 23, 1861 and was held without charge, hearing or trial. He was released on January 10, 1862 as part of a prisoner exchange, and subsequently joined the CSMC in Virginia. "The gross injustice done him was recognized in an act of the Confederate Congress of April 11, 1863, which provided that 'officers of the navy and Marine Corps who resigned from the navy and Marine Corps of the United States in consequence of secession, and who were arrested and imprisoned in consequence of such resignation, and who subsequently joined the navy and Marine Corps of the Confederate States,' should receive 'leave of absence, pay for and during the term of such imprisonment, and up to the time of their appointment in the navy and marine corps of the Confederate States.' " Although the CSMC had an authorized manpower of 1,026 men, its enrollment never approached that number; the figures for October 30, 1864 list only 539 officers and enlisted men. Though the officers were mostly former U.S. Marine officers, the head of the corps, Colonel-Commandant Lloyd J. Beall, was a former U.S. Army paymaster with no Marine experience. Major Lloyd J. Beall, USA graduated from the United States Military Academy, and had served in the First Infantry and Second Dragoons before becoming a paymaster from 1844 until the outbreak of the war. He resigned his commission on April 22, 1861 and was appointed Colonel-Commandant of the CS Marine Corps on May 23, 1861. Colonel Beall served throughout the war as the only Commandant of the Marine Corps. The C.S. Marine Corps was organized into several lettered companies and numerous shore-based and shipboard detachments. Companies A, B, and C were originally formed between April 10 and June 29, 1861 at New Orleans, LA. Company D, initially recruited in Memphis, Tennessee and Mobile, Alabama (August - September 1861) served in Pensacola, FL before being disbanded there and reformed at Mobile in November, 1861. Company E was formed at Savannah, Georgia in July 1862. There was also a Company F, initially formed at New Orleans in the spring of 1861, where it served for a brief period before being disbanded; it was later reformed at Mobile in April 1863 and disbanded for the second time in June 1864. Companies A, B, and C were individually transferred from New Orleans to Pensacola from April through June 1861. Company A was subsequently transferred to Savannah in September 1862 before being transferred to Camp Beall, Virginia, to join Companies B and C, already there. Company B was briefly transferred to Mobile in February 1862 before being transferred to Camp Beall a few weeks later to join Company C, which had already been transferred there in November, 1861 to form the nucleus of what would become the organization (with the addition of Companies A and B) known as the "field battalion." The battalion served in the defense of Richmond against riverine attack, provided ship's detachments to warships based in the Norfolk area, and participated in the general Confederate retreat from Richmond, performing notable combat action in the rear guard of General Lee's army as the Marine Battalion of Brigadier General (formerly Rear Admiral and commander of the Charleston Squadron, CSN) John R. Tucker's Naval Brigade at the Battle of Saylor's Creek (Virginia) on April 6, 1865. The majority of the battalion surrendered at Saylor's Creek on April 7, 1865 with most of the remainder surrendering with the Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox, Virginia. Company D, initially stationed in Pensacola was disbanded in December, 1861 after being used to fill-out Companies B and C, also serving at that station. Company D was reformed at Mobile and served there, where it remained until that city fell to U.S. forces. Company D was the last organized unit of the CSMC to surrender; elements of the company surrendered on May 9, 1865 at Citronelle, Alabama and the remaining platoon, under the command of 1st Lieutenant David G. Raney, Jr., surrendered at Nanna Hubba Bluff, Alabama on May 10, 1865. Company E, initially formed in Savannah, subsequently evacuated to Charleston, South Carolina. A detachment of the company was sent to Wilmington, NC and participated in the unsuccessful defense of Fort Fisher. The remainder of Company E, still at Charleston, ultimately evacuated to North Carolina and joined with General Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Tennessee near Raleigh, North Carolina and surrendered with Brigadier General (formerly Rear Admiral and commander of the James River Squadron, CSN) Raphael Semmes's Naval Brigade at Greensboro, North Carolina on April 28, 1865. Company F served originally at New Orleans as a "depot" company (i.e., recruiting and training unit) before being disbanded. It was later reformed at Mobile, again as a depot company, supplying Marines for Company D and the battalion at Camp Beall, eventually being disbanded for the final time in June 1864. CS Marine Corps units were stationed at Confederate naval bases, as well as helping garrison shore fortifications such as Fort Fisher in North Carolina. Marines also served on Confederate warships. In the famous battle between the ironclads USS Monitor and CSS Virginia, Company C, Confederate States Marine Corps, served aboard CSS Virginia, helping to man several of her guns. In the summer of 1862, some CS Marine Corps troops were organized into squad-sized units and dispersed throughout the south. Dispersed Marine units were intended to provide training to overcome a shortage of trained naval gunners, with greater overall effect than their service as a single naval artillery battalion. With detachments spread at every major Confederate naval installation, Headquarters for the Confederate States Marines was established at Fort Darling and Camp Beall, located at Drewry's Bluff on the James River in Virginia. As described above, three companies (A, B, and C) were stationed semi-permanently as the "field battalion" at CSMC headquarters. New CSMC officers were trained in the battalion prior to assignment to one of the detached companies (viz., D or E) or directly to one of the shore-based or shipboard Marine detachments. The "field battalion" Marines helped repulse the attack made on the bluff by U.S. naval forces including USS Monitor and USS Galena in the summer of 1862. Despite desertions and even near-mutinies, most Marines served competently and deserved Navy Secretary Stephen R. Mallory's praise for their "promptness and efficiency." The corps' weakness was due largely to internal squabbles over rank, shore duty, and administrative assignments. Also, with no funds for bounties, the corps could not easily enlist recruits. Until 1864 the monthly pay of enlisted men was $3 less than that of equivalent army grades. Only late in the war were the Marines allowed to draw from army conscripts to augment their ranks. Confederate Marines saw their first naval action aboard CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) off Hampton Roads, Virginia, March 8 to 9, 1862, and near the end of the war were part of the naval brigade that fought at Sayler's Creek, Virginia. From the Drewry's Bluff and other major posts (Wilmington, Charleston, Pensacola, Norfolk, Galveston, and Savannah), Marine detachments were parsed out to serve on major warships and for special operations, including the captures of USS Underwriter and USS Water Witch, and an attack to free Confederate prisoners of war being held at Point Lookout, Maryland. Marine sea-based amphibious operations included the "Old" CSS Savannah shore party at Fort Beauregard, Phillips Island, South Carolina to evacuate the garrison under attack. Marines under the command of Commodore Josiah Tattnall were used to construct and man shore batteries which turned back Union gunboats and monitors both at Richmond and at Savannah. The end of the war found most surviving Confederate States Marines gathered together in Richmond in support of the last desperate defenses of the South. Marines in Virginia were part of the General Richard S. Ewell's Corps which fought with distinction at the Battle of Sayler's Creek, the last major battle before the surrender of Lee's Army at Appomattox. Their uniform resembled that prescribed for the Confederate Army, but since the CSMC was not as large and many of its records were destroyed in 1865, there is controversy about the exact details of the uniform. It is clear, however, that the Marines were often equipped out of the stores of whichever garrison was nearest their location. One description has the Marines dressed in frock coats of a particular (and undetermined) shade of gray and dark blue or black trousers. It appears that Confederate States Marines wore forage caps although it is unclear if there was any ornamentation on the cover. Much of the gear worn by the CSMC was imported from the United Kingdom and its empire, namely Canada, creating a fairly unusual look. ^ Jones, Charles C., Jr. The life and services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall 1878. Morning News steam printing house, Savannah. ^ "Confederate States Marine Corps (CSMC) uniforms." International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia. Retrieved 2017-12-22. ^ "Confederate States Marine Corps." Civil War Wiki.net. Retrieved 2017-12-22. McGlone, John E., III, The Lost Corps: The Confederate States Marines, United States Naval Institute Proceedings, November 1972. Sullivan, David M., "Biographical Sketches Of The Commissioned Officers Of The Confederate States Marine Corps." White Mane Publishing, 2001. Donnelly, Ralph W. (1959). "Battle Honors and Services of Confederate Marines". Military Affairs. 23 (1): 37–40. doi:10.2307/1985252. JSTOR 1985252. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Confederate States Marine Corps.
0.999792	You don't have to be a doctor to recognize the negative effects of stress on your body. It makes you feel anxious and out of control, and over time these feelings can become much more than just a mental state. Even just a few weeks of stress can take a physical toll, not to mention a mental one. This effect gets even worse as the period of stress stretches out longer, making prompt relief from stress a health imperative. Consistent stress can lead to engaging in addictive behaviors. These behaviors can include the obvious ones, such as drinking or smoking to help alleviate feelings of pressure. They can also include overeating, even to the point of developing disorders such as bulimia. These addictive behaviors are coping mechanisms the brain utilizes to try to restore order. As you could probably guess, though, such practices only make stress worse in the end.
0.920117	Three months after starting on Paxil I was feeling too dragged down to continue so my doctor started me on 25 milligrams (mg) of Zoloft. I have been taking it for two months and have been experiencing headaches and nausea. I am now taking only half a pill. Will the headaches and nausea lessen over time, or will I need a different drug? Also, how effective is only half a pill? If your nausea and headaches occurred after starting Zoloft, it’s a fair bet that they are Zoloft side effects. Sometimes side effects decrease or disappear with time but if after two months on a very low dose of the drug you still have them, the outlook for getting anywhere with this drug is not good. A dose of 12.5 mg is quite unlikely to be helpful, and persistent side effects are a barrier to dose increases. You and your doctor might consider trying a another drug, even another selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). All antidepressants have potential side effects but by judicious trial and error you can probably find one that you can tolerate without undue side effects.
0.944252	Although John Quincy Adams should have been the heir apparent to the presidency as James Monroe's secretary of state, the year 1824 was a political turning point in which none of the old rules applied. Four other men also wanted to be President, each with substantial regional backing. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina had served as secretary of war in the Monroe administration and had support from slave owners in the South but he needed support from outside the region to be a viable candidate. The politically ambitious and able William H. Crawford of Georgia enjoyed the support of party regulars in Congress—especially Senator Martin Van Buren of New York—as well as substantial footing in Georgia. Crawford had served as secretary of war and of the treasury in the two previous administrations. His main drawback stemmed from his explosive temper, which had alienated a number of fellow political leaders including President Monroe. The two men had almost engaged in a fistfight in a cabinet meeting before Crawford gathered his wits enough to apologize. Thereafter, the two men seldom spoke to one another. Although Adams was a centrist politician of sorts—a Jeffersonian-Federalist, to coin a new term—many Americans still identified him as a New Englander and as the son of the old Federalist leader John Adams. Additionally, many staunch Democratic-Republicans blamed Adams and his supporters for having transformed the party of Jefferson into a disguised form of Federalism under the rubric of "National Republicans." Southerners, moreover, objected to Adams because of his moral opposition to slavery. They remembered his criticism of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 as a proslavery conspiracy, and they suspiciously recalled Adams's efforts to include language opposed to the international slave trade in the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. In the summer of 1824, an unofficial caucus of less than a third of the congressmen eligible to attend nominated Crawford for President. Supporters for Adams denounced the caucus bid, and the Massachusetts legislature nominated Adams as their favorite-son candidate. The Kentucky legislature did the same for Clay. Both nominations followed the pattern set by the Tennessee legislature, which had nominated Andrew Jackson in 1822. John C. Calhoun of South Carolina dropped out of the presidential race by announcing his bid for the vice presidency, a move that both Adams and Crawford endorsed. Because all four candidates were nominal Democratic-Republicans—the Federalist Party had disintegrated by this point—the election would be decided without reference to party affiliation. As the campaign progressed, Jackson emerged as the man to beat. The size of his rallies in key swing states—Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, New York, and New Jersey—far surpassed or rivaled those for Clay and Adams. In this first election in American history in which the popular vote mattered—because eighteen states chose presidential electors by popular vote in 1824 (six states still left the choice up to their state legislatures) —Jackson's popularity foretold a new era in the making. When the final votes were tallied in those eighteen states, Jackson polled 152,901 popular votes to Adams's 114,023; Clay won 47,217, and Crawford won 46,979. The electoral college returns, however, gave Jackson only 99 votes, 32 fewer than he needed for a majority of the total votes cast. Adams won 84 electoral votes followed by 41 for Crawford and 37 for Clay. Jackson was the only candidate to attract significant support beyond his regional base. He carried the majority of electoral votes in eleven states: Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Adams won all six of the New England states plus New York. Crawford and Clay carried only three states each—Delaware, Georgia, and Virginia for Crawford and Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio for Clay. Acting under the Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution, the House of Representatives met to select the President from among the top three candidates. Henry Clay, as the candidate with the fewest electoral votes, was eliminated from the deliberation. As Speaker of the House, however, Clay was still the most important player in determining the outcome of the election. The election in the House took place in February 1825. With each state having one vote, as determined by the wishes of the majority of each state's congressional representatives, Adams emerged as the winner with a one-vote margin of victory. Most of Clay's supporters, joined by several old Federalists, switched their votes to Adams in enough states to give him the election. Soon after his inauguration as President, Adams appointed Henry Clay as his secretary of state. Jackson could barely contain his fury at having lost the election in what he claimed was a "corrupt bargain" between Adams and Clay to overturn the will of the people. To most Jackson supporters, it looked as if congressional leaders had conspired to revive the caucus system, whereby Congress greatly influenced—if not determined—the selection of the President. Jackson laid the blame on Clay, telling anyone who would listen that the Speaker had approached him with the offer of a deal: Clay would support Jackson in return for Jackson's appointment of Clay as secretary of state. When Jackson refused, Clay purportedly made the deal with Adams instead. In Jackson's words, Clay had sold his influence in a "corrupt bargain." Clay denied the charges, and while there certainly had been some behind-the-scenes maneuvering by Clay to push the vote to Adams, it most likely reflected Clay's genuine doubts about Jackson's qualifications for the office. In assessing the odds of successfully forwarding his own political agenda, Clay questioned Jackson's commitment to the "American System" of internal improvements. On the other hand, Clay knew that Adams had supported it consistently over the years. Also, the loss of three states that Jackson had won in the popular vote—Illinois, Maryland, and Louisiana—due to the defection of congressmen who supported Adams suggests that more was involved in the outcome than the political maneuvering of one man. Enraged, Jackson resigned his seat in the Senate and vowed to win the presidency in 1828 as an outsider to Washington politics. Within months of Adams's inauguration in 1825, the Tennessee legislature nominated Andrew Jackson for President. Over the next three years, Jackson put together a highly disciplined grassroots campaign with one goal: to defeat John Quincy Adams in a rematch that would pit "the people" against Adams. Jackson issued so-called memorandums (a misuse of the word that endeared him to his growing western constituency) in which he outlined the erosion of representative power over the last decades at the hands of "gamesters" like Clay and Adams. In Jackson's mind, the "corrupt bargain" was just one of a number of such schemes. Jackson claimed that the Panic of 1819, a devastating economic collapse, had resulted from (1) a conspiracy of disreputable creditors and the Bank of the United States, (2) the unpaid national debt, (3) the political swindlers in office from Madison through Adams—schemers who would be turned out with a Jackson victory—and (4) the backstairs dealings of "King Caucus" to select a President in defiance of popular opinion. While Jackson issued his statements and traveled the nation rounding up support, his most brilliant lieutenant, Martin Van Buren of New York, assumed the duties of a campaign manager. Van Buren had switched allegiance from Crawford to Jackson shortly after the election of 1824. His efforts thereafter were focused on securing a victory for Jackson in the popular vote. Van Buren's strategy was to portray Jackson as the head of a disciplined and issue-oriented party that was committed to states' rights and the limited-government ideology of the old Jeffersonian Republicans. While Jackson and Van Buren organized, Adams diligently carried out the duties of the presidency, refusing to prepare himself or his supporters for the coming contest. Adams did not remove even his loudest opponents from appointive office and hewed to the old-fashioned notion that a candidate should "stand" for office, not "run." When the election campaign officially began, Adams's supporters formally adopted the name National Republicans in contrast to Democrats, trying thereby to identify themselves accurately with the link between old-style federalism and a new nationalistic republicanism. Jacksonians, on the other hand, argued for a new revolutionary movement that rested on a firm faith in majoritarian democracy and states' rights—ideas that were not always compatible. Although issues clearly separated the candidates along lines more distinct than any since the election of 1800, the campaign itself was highly personal. Indeed, it was the first campaign in history to use election materials such as campaign buttons, slogans, posters, tokens, flasks, snuffboxes, medallions, thread boxes, matchboxes, mugs, and fabric images so extensively. Almost all of these campaign trinkets depicted some aspect of the candidate's popular image. Jackson's status as a war hero and frontiersman played far better with the public than Adams's stiff-looking elder statesman stance. Neither candidate personally campaigned in 1828, but their political followers organized rallies, parades, and demonstrations. In the popular press, the rhetorical attacks reached a level of cruelty and misrepresentation not seen since the election of 1800. Jackson was accused of multiple murders, of extreme personal violence, and of having lived in sin with his wife, Rachel, who herself was attacked as a bigamist. Adams, on the other hand, was attacked for his legalistic attitudes, for his foreign-born wife, and for reportedly having procured young American virgins for the Russian czar as the primary achievement of his diplomatic career. Adams's critics referred to him as "His Excellency" while Jackson came under attack as an ill-mannered, barely civilized, backwoods killer of Indians. In a masterstroke of popular politics, the Jacksonians made good use of the general's nickname, Old Hickory. He had earned the name because he was reputed to be as tough as hickory wood. To publicize his image, Jackson supporters put hickory poles all over the country, distributed hickory toothpicks and canes, and served up barbecues fired by hickory chips. The branding of Jackson's wife as an "American Jezebel" and convicted adulteress—because she had married Jackson before her divorce from an earlier marriage had been finalized—surprisingly backfired as an election strategy. It unleashed a backlash against Adams for humiliating a woman who had lived for 40 years as the devoted wife of General Jackson, for grossly violating the general's privacy and honor, and for applying narrowly legalistic pronouncements in place of common sense. To countless Americans, Jackson's duels, brawls, executions, and unauthorized ventures represented the victory of what was right and good over the application of stiff-minded and narrowly construed principles. The attacks simply enhanced Jackson's image as an authentic American hero who had drawn upon his natural nobility and powerful will to prevail against unscrupulous political foes, educated elitists, the pride of the British army, and "heathen savages"—often at the same time. The campaign turned out more than twice the number of voters who had cast ballots in 1824—approximately 57 percent of the electorate. Jackson won the election in a landslide, and by a wide margin of 95 electoral votes. Adams carried New England, Delaware, part of Maryland, New Jersey, and sixteen of New York's electoral votes—nine states in all. Jackson carried the remaining fifteen states of the South, Northwest, mid-Atlantic, and West. Incumbent Vice President John C. Calhoun won 171 electoral votes to 83 for Richard Rush of Pennsylvania, Adams's running mate.
0.999993	To answer the question of what a Full Stack Developer is, we first need to define what we mean by “stack”. A stack refers to all of the components needed to run an application. This includes frameworks and components internal to an application, such as UI frameworks, MVC frameworks, data access libraries, etc. It can also include things external to an application, such as the operating system, application server, and database. Thus, a full stack developer is a developer that works in all areas of an application, from high-level frameworks all the way back to the servers that host the application components. Sometimes the definition of a stack is limited to the internal components of an application, excluding things like servers and operating systems. Nevertheless, the concept is the same: full stack developers are able to work throughout several layers of the stack. They are not limited to a single aspect, such as the UI. At this point, the question becomes: can anyone truly be a full stack developer? After all, applications and platforms can be very deep and complex. It is true that no individual can be an expert at everything. There are too many layers to modern systems. Gaining and maintaining expertise in all of those areas seems impossible. Furthermore, expertise in one particular area can go stale over time. For example, if I work heavily on web UIs for a length of time, I may become an expert. But, when I move on to another area, such as data access, my expertise in UIs will fade. This is true not only because of how fresh it is in my mind, but also because technology and practices changes over time. So then, is there really such a thing as a full stack developer? I think the answer is yes, but not in the sense that the developer has expert knowledge in every aspect of the stack. Rather, a full stack developer is someone who has knowledge and experience in most or all layers of the stack, and is comfortable working in any of those areas. Also, this breadth of knowledge helps the developer learn quickly and move between different layers of the stack. Is a Full Stack Developer Good or Bad? Is this a good thing or a bad thing? Does this mean that a full stack developer is a “master of nothing”? While it’s true that a full stack developer has knowledge of the entire stack, this does not necessarily mean a lack of expertise in particular areas. Rather, I have found full stack developers usually do have expertise in particular areas, and are very good in those areas. I think this is true not because full stack developers are simply super developers, but because of the person. There are certain traits required in order to become a full stack developer. Among them are flexibility, quick learning, and self motivation. Working throughout the stack can be very demanding, and these characteristics are needed to be effective in doing so. Full stack developers are an asset to any team. Not only do they have wide ranging knowledge and experience, but they also tend to be flexible, self motivated, and quick learners. In addition to being good developers, these characteristics also make them good people to work with. Need a full stack developer to help out on your team’s project? Intertech has an array of full stack devs ready to help. See what we can do for you today!
0.978019	Who are the Ateker People in Uganda? Ateker Ateker or ŋaTekerin is a common name for the closely related Jie, Karamojong, Turkana, Toposa, Nyangatom and Teso peoples and their languages. Itung'a and Teso have been used among ethnographers, while the term Teso-Turkana is sometimes used for the languages, which are of Eastern Nilotic stock. Ateker means 'clan' or 'tribe' in Teso language. In Lango language the word for clan isatekere. In the Turkana language, Ateker means a distinct group with related customs, laws and lifestyle and who share a common ancestry. Members of one Ateker have a common character of mutual respect for each other in their diversity. Each member group of Ateker occupies its own territory and exercise authority over its own land and people independent of each other. The word Ateker is a generic term for confederate. It is derived from the root 'ker'; which has two root meanings; fear and respect. Ateker in its true sense is a union of free people with mutual recognition and respect for each other. In the context of ethnic identity and nationhood, The Turkana Language classifies different people with common characteristics as belonging to distinct ateker. The Maapeople belong to Ateker a Ngi Maasa Maasai and so on. The Turkana and The Karimojong and related people belong to one Ateker. Laws and Customs Each Ateker has distinct laws and customs. The laws and customs of people of one Ateker are similar. Lifestyle Members of each Ateker live their lives in a similar lifestyle. Diversified groups within one Ateker usually have traces of laws and customs that can be traced to the original group. Land Land is one characteristic that helps in determining membership in an Ateker. Members of one Ateker usually occupy adjoining areas. Land adjudication forms the basis for laws and customs. In the Turkana Ateker, land is subdivided into regions or territorial sections, ŋiTela. Each Ekitela institutes its own common laws which are derived from the general laws of the whole nation or kingdom. Religion Religious beliefs of one Ateker are similar. The supreme deity worshiped has one common name. Common ancestry Members of one Ateker have a common ancestral origin. Among members of The Turkana-Karimojong Ateker, it is prohibited to kill members of the same Ateker.
0.632972	In which country third-gender people are a part of traditional culture? Samoa. Fa'afafine are a commonly well-accepted third-gender people of Samoa. They are male at birth, and explicitly embody both masculine and feminine gender traits. In Samoa, there is very seldom ridicule or displeasure towards a biologically male child who states that they are a girl. UTC+14. Time zones range from UTC-12 to UTC+14. UTC+14 stretches as far as 30° east of the 180° longitude line and creates a large fold in the International Date Line. In Kiribati (UTC+14), the local time is the same as in Hawaiʻi (UTC−10:00), but the date is one day ahead. It is also 26 hours ahead of Baker Island (UTC−12:00). Samoa, Pacific Ocean. The warrior carries a weapon called Nifo'oti, typical to the area. It's a mixture of a traditional weapon used in Oceania with an agricultural tool imported by Europeans. Dove. The fruit doves are found in forests and woodlands in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with about 50 species. What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea? Port Moresby. According to a survey of world cities by the Intelligence Unit of The Economist, Port Moresby is one of the world's least livable cities (ranked 139 of 140 cities rated). Which country is Queensland a part of? Australia. Queensland is the second-largest state in Australia, with Brisbane as the capital city. The state was named in honour of Queen Victoria. What is the second largest city in Australia, after Sydney? Melbourne. The four largest cities in Australia are Sydney (4.6 million), Melbourne (4.2 million), Brisbane (2.2 million) and Perth (1.9 million). Wellington. In 1865, Wellington became the capital city of New Zealand, replacing much more populous Auckland at the northern extremity of the North Island, due to fears that the then gold-rich South Island would decide to become a separate colony. Wellington is located at the southern tip of the North Island, immediately across the Cook Strait from the South Island. Canberra. With a population of 381,488, Canberra is Australia's largest inland city.
0.946964	Monica Martins and her husband had been looking for a house for nine months by the time they fell in love with a “character home” in Toronto’s east end. With demand for properties high and bidding wars the norm, they knew getting the home wouldn’t be easy, so to convince the seller to choose their offer, they decided to go beyond simply digging deep into their bank account. Despite her husband’s doubts that it would carry much weight, Martins put a pen to paper and scrawled a note that described her family, detailed how much they adored the home and noted that she and the sellers had shared tastes in books and furniture. She also included an informal commitment not to gut or demolish the place as had been done to another property down the street. “If you pick us, we will make it our own over the years, but we love the house that you’ve loved so dearly and would love to live in it and raise our family in it,” Martins recalled writing, before tucking in a photo of the family complete with her daughter and dog and leaving the note with her realtor. The note placed the Martins in a growing group of Canadian buyers who are opting for the personal touch in hopes of gaining an edge in heated markets _ and realtors and sellers say such missives often do the trick. Agents told The Canadian Press it is not unusual for clients to ask them to deliver notes sprinkled with mentions of single parents, millennials saving up for a first property or young couples looking for a place to raise a family. They often mention how much the prospective buyer loves features of the home, like a big backyard, stunning wood floors or a spacious kitchen, and frequently talk about the sender’s occupation, hobbies and hopes for the property. While the letters could be viewed by some as desperate and having a negligible effect on the offers process, some realtors describe them as a “must” because they said sellers often seriously consider sentiments relayed in a note when choosing what offer to accept, especially when a home has long been in the family. Donald Bergeron, a lawyer, received a letter when he and his wife put the Etobicoke home, where they lived for about 23 years and raised their children up for sale recently. They received a handful of offers, but one came with a “very well-written” letter detailing that the senders loved the neighbourhood and admired the two renovations the Bergerons had done on the house. He later found out the letter writers lived just down the street and had often trick-or-treated at his home, where their children would always tell their parents how nice the property looked. Bergeron and his wife ended up accepting the writers’ offer after some haggling over financing conditions, but he said the note wasn’t the deciding factor. He said letter writers run the risk of appearing corny or overdone and should know that a lot of buyers are still ultimately driven by money. “Whether the letter trips it over the top, I can’t say it does, but it doesn’t do it any harm either,” he said. In the Martins’ case, they weren’t the only buyers to write a letter and didn’t have the highest bid, but still landed the property. The sellers later told them their “impactful” note sealed the deal. “Someone else in their neighbourhood had a character home and was given assurances that it wasn’t going to be a flip job and then the buyer got in there and the day after closing, the demolition trucks came and he never lived in it,” Martins said. Toronto realtor Ben Ferguson, who represented the Martins and often includes cover letters about his clients along with their bids, said letters were used long before the city’s market heated up last year. That mantra was true years ago when he took a client to visit a home for sale in Toronto’s east end that featured a basement filled with KISS memorabilia and electric guitars. Ferguson’s client was coincidentally a massive fan of the band, so when he threw in his offer, he sweetened the deal with an original KISS concert t-shirt dating back decades. Montreal realtor Amy Assad hasn’t heard of bidders offering anything as creative as a KISS t-shirt, but said letters have been cropping up in the province in recent years, and carry the most weight when they’re given to sellers who have long lived in a home. “People want to know they are trading their family home to another family,” she said, noting she has had clients bid $10,000 less than but still snag homes because of their letters.
0.993495	What happens when a Buyer defaults on a binding Agreement of Sale for a real estate transaction in Pennsylvania? The first issue to resolve is how the Buyer’s deposit monies should be distributed by the Broker. Paragraph 26 of the Standard Pennsylvania Agreement of Sale contains the terms regarding Default, Termination and Return of Deposits. If the Buyer terminates the Agreement of Sale pursuant to any right granted by the Agreement, the Buyer is entitled to a return of all deposit monies. For example, if the Property did not pass inspection or the Buyer did not obtain a Mortgage when a Mortgage Contingency was elected, the Agreement of Sale will be terminated and the deposit monies should be returned to the Buyer. However, if the Buyer defaults on the Agreement of Sale by not purchasing the Property without any right, the Seller may be entitled to keep the Buyer’s deposit money and pursue other damages. It is important to note that the Broker cannot determine which party is entitled to deposit monies. The Broker is only permitted to distribute the deposit monies. First, the Broker should try to get the Seller and Buyer to agree on who the deposit monies should be distributed to and have the Buyer and Seller enter into a written agreement evidencing that there is no dispute regarding deposit monies. However, if there is a dispute over deposit monies that is unresolved, litigation or mediation may be necessary for the Seller to keep the deposit monies. If there is a dispute over the deposit monies, the Broker should be notified of the pending litigation or mediation and the Broker should hold the deposit monies until there is a final Court Order or signed agreement between the Buyer and Seller. Disputes over deposit monies are typically referred to Mediation offered by the local Association of Realtors. The mediation process must be concluded before any party can initiate legal proceedings. Additionally, the Seller is permitted to file a Writ of Summons in Court in order to toll the applicable Statute of Limitations on their claim while the mediation is pending. If you are involved in dispute over deposit monies, please feel free to call me at (610) 417-6345 to discuss your case. My office is located Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and I represent clients in Northampton County and Lehigh County.
0.992693	Create a way out for small animals that fall over in your pool during summers to take a bath. The FrogLog Pool Critter Escape Ramp helps frogs, turtles, squirrels, Chipmunks etc. to escape from your pool keeping your swimming pool clean from critters. The critter escape ramp sits on the edge of your pool and gives naughty critters a way out so you never have to scoop them out yourself.
0.990531	What were the most memorable basketball shoes to be seen worn by Team USA during international competition? Ever since its debut in 2008, the Hyperdunk has been a mainstay on the court not just for Team USA, but for other teams as well. This makes the Hyperdunk one of Nike’s greatest accomplishments, so it’s impossible to not have it on this list.
0.99926	History: Unknown. The Fortress is an advanced facility researching superhuman abilities. It has advanced security measures, including scanning brainwaves (electro-encephalogram (EEG)), cardiac rhythm (electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)), scent, and other functions to prevent unwanted infiltration. The Fortress, also referred to as the Project, has used "psychic surgery" to create sleeper agents, or to mentally manipulate the behavior patterns of its subjects to cure problems or to instill certain types of behavior. It has created a number of assassins and other agents for the US government and others. One wing of the facility is dedicated to the creating the environment of 3065 A.D., in which the subjects of New Genix believe themselves to live. (MCP#109-111 - BTS, 112-116) - Roberts broke free from his programming and directed the mutant Wolverine to meet up with Typhoid/Mary Walker, both of whom had been victims of psychic surgery from other sources. His directions led them to investigate the Project, which led Typhoid to seek out Project scientists to try to reverse her programming, and cure her. This brought her to Sidney, who attempted to reprogram her to his desires when he had her at his mercy during the process. Wolverine stopped him and freed Typhoid. (MCP#150) - Steel Raven brought the young mutant empathic metamorph Jessie to the Fortress for study. Wolverine, based on information from Professor X, sent Typhoid Mary to infiltrate the facility to free Jessie. Mary's ability to shift her body patterns with her different personalities enabled her to deceive the Fortress's scanners, but she was captured when she tried to break Jessie out. Typhoid's psychic screams when captured reached out and summoned Daredevil and Vengeance (at the time filling the role of Ghost Rider/Dan Ketch/Noble Kale). Typhoid Mary became the next test subject for the Fortress, but their tests pushed her into a new, more deadly personality, Bloody Mary. In this form she succeeded in breaking out and took Jessie with her. The Fortress sent Steel Raven to retrieve Typhoid and Jessie. (MCP#151) - Steel Raven found herself sympathizing with Typhoid, and tureds her back on the Fortress. (MCP#175) - Hoffner and Sidney discussed a training session of New Genix which was commandeered by Steel Raven. COMMENTS: Created by Ann Nocenti and Steve Lightle. I am uncertain whether the story in MCP#175 took place before or after that of #150 and 151. I doubt we'll ever see any of these characters again, but I wouldn't mind seeing some tie-in to the Weapon X Project, or some other government black ops. The Project and the Fortress were never specified to be the same group. However, since Sidney was in both, and because he was able to receive the immediate care necessary to save him after being decapitated, I think they're the same until anything proves differently. In the New Avengers: Most Wanted Files it was confirmed that the Fortress and the Project were the same and Sidney's last name was revealed as well. In the Most Wanted Files it was stated that Typhoid Mary's alleged psychic surgery was probably done by the Fortress. Her time as a field operative for a covert group was perhaps also for the Fortress. Due to lack of evidence this is not yet a fact. Roberts' first name was revealed in Typhoid's profile in OHOTMU A-Z HC#12. He is a lower-level researcher. He was in charge of one of the simulated tests for New Genix, but Steel Raven came in and took over. He is one of the leaders of the facility. He observes all actions in the facility from his computer screens and discusses the results with his colleague, Sidney. The two have differing views on how to run the facility. In addition, they play some sort of strategy game in an effort to destroy the DNA of the other. Steel Raven, at least formerly, and New Genix operate under the direction of Hoffner. He is the other leader of the Fortress. He may be the ultimate director, but he maintains discussion with Dr. Hoffner regarding what actions to take. In addition, they play some sort of strategy game in an effort to destroy the DNA of the other. Sidney was the head of the Project which created agents such as Roberts. He coerced his men to scientists to cross the moral line to do so by various psychological manipulations. Typhoid Mary attempted to force her to cure her of her multiple personality disorder. He agreed under duress, but once he had her at her mercy during the process, he attempted to manipulate her mind to his own desires. Wolverine stopped him, and when Sidney attempted to manipulate Wolverine into letting him go, Logan beheaded him. Scientists of the Project were able to save his mind by preserving him as an isolated head, surviving in a nutrient bath with a variety of support catheters, etc. He was a former scientist for the Project, involved in psychic surgery. Typhoid kidnapped him from his home and forced Trevor to perform the psychic re-wiring techniques on him at a greatly accelerated speed. After Wolverine stopped Typhoid, Harry begged logan to put him out of his misery, but Logan refused. Typhoid, however, set the entire lab on fire and incinerated him. They were two assistants of Sidney, and were employed in the attempts to re-wire the mind of Typhoid. Upon breaking free, Typhoid impaled agent Harvey with a pipe as he fled. She then embraced and then stabbed agent Lee, presumably killing them both. Harvey's the white guy, Lee the black guy. He was a scientist for the Project. He quit after seeing Frank kill himself as a result of the psychic surgery. Typhoid found him and forced him to use the psychic surgery techniques on Harry. Logan freed him, but forced him to reveal the secrets of the Project, and the identity and location of Sidney, its head. He accompanied Wolverine to the Project, where Sidney shot and apparently killed him. He was a soldier who unknowingly had his brain injected with a series of drugs so the Project could observe his unsuspecting paranoia. However, he became so paranoid that he became unstable and jumped off a roof. His family was told that he committed suicide because he was a sexual deviant and feared that his crimes would be discovered. He was an agent/victim of the Project, and served as an assassin for years. He apparently had a history of psychoses and sociopathic behavior his whole life. One day after killing a man (a former agent of the Project), he broke free from his programming and contacted Wolverine, believing him to be sympathetic to the idea of psychi reprogramming. Logan subdued and bound him, but he escaped and began a killing spree. Logan attempted to track him down, but was interrupted when he felt the need to go after Typhoid instead. By the time Logan finally tracked him down, Roberts had committed suicide to end the voices in his head.
0.980629	Powers/Abilities: Stratosfire had virtually identical powers to the Sunturion. She could harness microwave energy to fly, teleport herself and others, fire destructive energy blasts, siphon energy from other sources, transform completely into microwave energy, and others unrevealed. Stratosfire's primary weakness was the Zed Control, placed within her as a control device by Roxxon. It could be activated by a remote signal from Hale to terminate her at his discretion. Over time, she learned how to block the signal, however, it could still be activated by direct contact. History: (Iron Man Annual I#9 (fb) - BTS/Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z HC#11 - Stratosfire) - Sandy Vincent was college room mates and close friends with fellow political science major "Babs" Bendix at UC Berkeley. Upon graduating, however, neither was able to obtain the job they had envisioned, and became part of the secretarial pool at Roxxon Oil Company. Vincent, however, proved to have the physical characteristics sought by Roxxon's research department, and she was selected to become their agent Stratosfire. Sandy was mutated by implantation of numerous microwave generation and manipulation devices, and given a costume to help her control the abilities. At the same time, she had the Zed Control implanted within in, which was a device through which her employers could remotely terminate her if she proved a threat to them. Initially, Sandy was ecstatic, enjoying her new abilities, six-figure salary, and penthouse. She served as public spokesperson for Roxxon, and acted publicly as a superhero, improving the company's somewhat suspicious reputation. Covertly, however, she was also employed to destroy Roxxon's competitors abroad. While Sandy continued to enjoy her new role, even helping out and meeting other super heroes, such as Iron Man, her friend Babs worried about her. Babs questioned her change in personality, which was unbeknownst to her overheard by Sandy's superior, Jonas Hale. Fearing that Sandy was becoming involved in dangerous activities, she met with industrialist Anthony Stark, whose employee Diane Carruthers, was Babs' friend and had suggested that Stark may be able to help her. Unfortunately, Babs' had been followed by agents of Hale, who heard her exposing Roxxon activities, and had her terminated. Upon learning of the death of her friend, Sandy was furious and instantly turned against her former employers, realizing they were responsible. Stratosfire destroyed a portion of Roxxon's headquarters and then turned to a new mission to make the world a better place. She destroyed the newly constructed Crown Rock nuclear facility, defeating Iron Man when he attempted to stop her. She attacked the San Diego naval shipyards, but fled under the combined attack of Iron Man and Sunturion. Vincent next attacked Edwards Air Force base, attempting to stop a space shuttle from placing "Star Wars" satellites into place. Stratosfire was again opposed by Iron Man and Sunturion, but managed to stay one step ahead of both of them. Hale activated the Zed Control, but found it to be ineffective as she had learned how to block the transmission. However, as Sandy summoned the energy to destroy the shuttle, Sunturion appeared behind her and activated the Zed Control directly by reaching an immaterial hand inside of her. Stratosfire was apparently killed when the control overloaded her, and the shuttle was saved. Sunturion suffered temporary power loss from the energies released. Comments: Created by David Michilinie, Mark Bright, and Bob Layton. Anyone able to transform into energy has the ability to return in the Marvel Universe. Stratosfire got a full entry in Marvel Legacy: The 1980s Handbook.
0.995125	The trophy for the under-21 A county football championship is Corn Úi Shealbhaigh, called after the Shelly family, Templemore. Paddy, who lives in New York, is a member of the very distinguished family, long associated with the development of the town. His ancestors were responsible for bringing the Christian Brothers to Templemore. Paddy emigrated to New York at a later stage and was always prominent in the welcoming parties for Tipperary teams that visited the city in the 1950s and 1960s. He used to come home every year and gear his holiday to coincide with Tipperary's progress in the All-Ireland championship. The cup is a recognition of the Shelly family's contribution to the G.A.A., as it is of Paddy himself. The first winners of Corn Úi Shealbhaigh were Holycross-Ballycahill in 1999, beating Galtee Rovers by 2-6 to 1-8 at Boherlahan on May 8. Winners since then were Fethard in 2000, 2001 & 2002, Ballina in 2003 and Loughmore-Castleiney in 2004. When Corn Úi Shealbhaigh was presented to the county board in 1999, it replaced the Quane Cup, which had been presented to the winners since the commencement of the competition. The Quane Cup was presented by the Arravale Rovers club in recognition of one of the most distinguished G.A.A. families in the town of Tipperary. There were four brothers, Bob, Davy, John and Tom. Bob won two All-Irelands with Tipperary in 1895 and 1900. Tom, who was the youngest, won two All-Irelands with Dublin in 1906 and 1907, may have been a sub on the victorious side in 1908, emigrated later to the U.S., before returning to live in Dublin later in life. Apparently he brought back a cup with him, which was presented to the Arravale Rovers club. When the under-21 football championship commenced, the club presented the cup to the county board in memory of a very distinguished family. When it was replaced by the Shelly Cup in 1999, it was in a dilapidated state. The last winners of the Quane Cup were Commercials, who defeated Golden-Kilfeacle in the final, played at Cashel on May 4, 1998.
0.959232	What is a phobia? A phobia is an anxiety disorder. It is a persistent and irrational fear of something that represents little or no real danger. A fear of spiders (arachnophobia) is an excellent example. No British native spider is harmful to humans. Not one! And yet arachnophobia is one of the most common phobias in this country. Confronted by a spider, arachnophobics will feel compelled to avoid the feared object. If they cannot do so, then they may suffer panic, experiencing rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, trembling and/or other symptoms. Fear of spiders is a specific phobia, just like fear of mice, snakes, heights, flying, blood, etc. There is also agoraphobia, which is often thought of as a fear of open spaces but is more likely to be a fear of being away from home and suffering a disabling panic attack. Because most people with a phobia try desperately hard to avoid what they fear, agoraphobics can find themselves prisoners in their own homes. The third category of phobia is social phobia. According to BUPA, five percent of the population is burdened to some degree with anxiety and extreme self-consciousness in everyday social situations. While the origin of phobias is incompletely understood, the use of hypnotherapy is positively recommended for their treatment. The sensitively-selected methods employed by us allow a gradual desensitization to the point where the originally feared situation no longer provokes anxiety.
0.998051	Can someone please explain to me how to do mathematical proof by deduction? My passion for Maths and CS makes me want to share the thrill with my students. Proof by deduction implies proving a particular property using a well known theorem or formula. For example: to show that x^2-2*x+1 >= 0 for any real number x, we factorise the LHS of the inequality, get to (x-1)^2 and then we use the theorem which says that the square of any real number is a positive number. This proves the statement.
0.999857	Awareness of one’s position in time and space Is a vital skill needed for safety in navigating the environment. This concept incorporates the ability to attend to details as you move through space, being mindful of objects found there. Many children who have sensory processing dysfunction have deficits in this skill and tend to fall or experience collisions as they come close to objects.
0.986779	Security questions are dangerous. For those who aren't quite sure what I'm referencing, security questions are simply those questions that you are asked to set up when creating an online account. They often ask things like "What is your mother's maiden name?" or "What city where you born in?" or any number of other such questions. These are often used to confirm your identity should you need to reset your password, and therein lies the danger. Unfortunately, answers to simple questions such as "What's your favorite color?" can often be determined from a person's social networking sites, like Facebook, Myspace, etc. Even if they don't, a simple conversation can easily dupe a victim into revealing those answers, without any suspicion from the target. After all, when's the last time you became concerned when someone asked you about your favorite color? Indeed, Sarah Palin's email account was broken into because the attacker was able to reset her password, after using publicly available information to answer the 'security questions'. The problem is, far too many services online rely on such pseudo-personal information to "prove" your identity, while the truth remains that most of the answers to these questions can usually be easily determined by a third party. So, what's the defense? Easy: just the questions incorrectly. For example, if you simply use a completely unrelated word, such as "quantify" for the answer to every password question, you greatly decrease the chance a third-party has at compromising your account . A security question may ask, "What is your favorite color?", but it won't matter that an attacker knows or not if you put "quantify" as the actual answer. This problem exists because many people predictably answer the questions exactly as asked, even when 'security questions' usually weaken your account security. The solution, as you may have guessed, is simple: Don't be predictable.
0.998149	Why use ternary conditional operator? If the condition is true, it returns value1. If the condition is false, it returns value2. You may be wondering why should we use conditional operator if it does the same job as if-else statement. The main purpose of using it is to make code shorter and more readable. For simple conditions, you can evaluate it in a single line with less code than if-else. In the above program, the expression true && false evaluates to false, therefore the statement returns the string The condition is false and print statement outputs the string in the console. If you change the expression as true \|\| false the statement evaluates to true and returns the string The condition is true and print statementoutputs the string in the console. Ternary conditional operator can also be used as an alternative of if-else-if statement. With the use of ternary conditional operator you can replace multiple lines of if-else-if code with a single line. However, it may not be a good idea. In the above programs, although the statements of if-else-if is replaced with single line by the use of conditional operator. The expression used in ternary conditional operator is really hard to understand. So, just stick to the use of ternary conditional operator as an alternative of if-else statement only.
0.945557	Channel laid-back Hawaiian style by throwing an easy summer party filled with Polynesian elements. Throw your own summertime Hawaiian luau with just five ingredients: tropical fruit, mai tais, chopsticks, leis and exotic florals. Embrace summer's scorching temperatures island-style by throwing a tropical Hawaii-inspired party. It's simple to put together a table and menu that are both sophisticated and reminiscent of a fantasy island getaway by working with a simple color palette and incorporating some tiki elements. Create that island ambiance by hanging tiers of banana leaves on a vertical space, like an exposed fence or a wall of your home. The rows of greenery make a big impact and double as the perfect backdrop for photos. Stake tiki torches around the dining area and light them just as the sun is setting for a soft, flickering glow. For a modern-meets-Pacific vibe, layer clean white plates and bowls atop woven chargers. Tuck a tropical leaf in each place setting for an earthy pop of color that will tie your table to the banana leaf wall. Chopsticks resting in Asian-inspired bowls hint at the delicious menu to come and double as place-card holders for your guests. Add an unexpected twist to your table by laying patterned fabrics horizontally across two place settings. These perpendicular runners create place mats for guests and add an additional layer of color. Mix and match tropical- and Hawaiian-inspired prints. Incorporate more natural elements into your table by using bamboo containers to hold an abundance of exotic flowers like white freesia, red begonias and monstera leaves. Scatter tropical fruit like mangos and coconuts amongst the arrangements for an effortless (and edible!) punch of color. String lei garlands across the backs of chairs for a final decorative touch. Make them yourself out of crepe paper flowers and ribbon, or purchase leis from any party supply store. Cut premade leis in half so you have one single strand to tie on each end of the chair, and keep some necklaces whole for guests who want to get in the spirit by donning theirs. A mai tai or other tropical rum punch is practically a requirement for any luau-themed soiree. Top with a classic paper parasol and garnish liberally with fresh fruits. Serve easy-to-prepare tropical appetizers: grilled fruit skewers. Mango, kiwi, strawberries, pineapple and grapes become even sweeter when cooked as their natural sugars caramelize. Soak bamboo skewers in water for 30 minutes before threading on the fruit and cooking so they don't catch on fire. Asian-inspired spring rolls filled with veggies and meats are great for feeding a crowd and keeping things light on a hot summer evening. Try an all-veggie roll with a ginger-soy sauce or a sirloin roll with a peanut dipping sauce. Channel the traditional pig-on-a-spit fare by making pork summer rolls that let your slow cooker do the work in advance of your party. For a salty-sweet finish, serve dressed-up popcorn in banana leaf cones. The star ingredient? Hawaiian macadamia nuts, of course. Start with this caramel corn recipe as a base, swapping out the pecans and cashews for the tropical nuts. Guests can abandon their seats and walk around with the crunchy mixture while mingling. For even more tips on throwing this luau, click here.
0.93361	There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999, Cross Heading: Pensions and bankruptcy. (1)Where a bankruptcy order is made against a person on a [F1bankruptcy application made or] petition presented after the coming into force of this section, any rights of his under an approved pension arrangement are excluded from his estate. F5(d). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F5(f). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (h)any pension arrangements of any description which may be prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State. (b)(if later) the trustee’s appointment taking effect or, in the case of the official receiver, his becoming trustee. (8)In subsection (7) “related annuity” means an annuity purchased on or after the [F13de-registration date] for the purpose of giving effect to rights under the scheme or (as the case may be) to rights arising by virtue of the arrangements. the trustee in bankruptcy is not in respect of that transaction entitled by virtue of this subsection to any remedy against them or any person whose title to any property derives from them. (10)Without prejudice to section 83, regulations under subsection (2)(h) may, in the case of any description of arrangements prescribed by the regulations, make provision corresponding to any provision made by subsections (4) to (9). (d)“the Taxes Act” means the M2Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988. (b)the person so responsible has not discharged his liability in respect of the credit. (1)The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision for or in connection with enabling rights of a person under an unapproved pension arrangement to be excluded, in the event of a bankruptcy order being made against that person, from his estate for the purposes of Parts VIII to XI of the M3Insolvency Act 1986. (c)for the prescribed persons in the case of any pension arrangement to provide a person or his trustee in bankruptcy on request with information reasonably required by that person or trustee for or in connection with the making of such applications and agreements as are mentioned in paragraph (a). is of a prescribed description. (1)This section shall have effect for the purposes of the application of sections 11 and 12 to Scotland. (e)the commencement of a person’s bankruptcy is a reference to the date of sequestration (within the meaning of section [F1712(4) of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985] [F1722(7) of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 2016] ) or of the judicial factor’s appointment taking effect, as the case may be. “159A No forfeiture on bankruptcy of rights under personal pension schemes. (1)A person’s rights under a personal pension scheme cannot be forfeited by reference to his bankruptcy. (2)In section 159(6) of that Act (application of section 159 to Scotland), after “this section” there shall be inserted “ and section 159A ”. (3)In section 92(2) of the M7Pensions Act 1995 (exceptions to the rule preventing forfeiture of rights under occupational pension schemes), paragraph (b) (which allows forfeiture of such rights by reference to a scheme member’s bankruptcy) shall cease to have effect. “342A Recovery of excessive pension contributions. the trustee of the bankrupt’s estate may apply to the court for an order under this section. the court may make such order as it thinks fit for restoring the position to what it would have been had the excessive contributions not been made. (3)Subsection (4) applies where the court is satisfied that the value of the rights under the arrangement is, as a result of rights of the individual under the arrangement or any other pension arrangement having at any time become subject to a debit under section 29(1)(a) of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (debits giving effect to pension-sharing), less than it would otherwise have been. (b)where the relevant contributions represented by the rights under the arrangement (including those so represented by virtue of paragraph (a)) are not all excessive contributions, relevant contributions which are represented by the rights under the arrangement otherwise than by virtue of paragraph (a) shall be treated as excessive contributions before any which are so represented by virtue of that paragraph. (b)which have at any time been made on his behalf. is an amount which is excessive in view of the individual’s circumstances when those contributions were made. (7)For the purposes of this section and sections 342B and 342C (“the recovery provisions”), rights of an individual under an unapproved pension arrangement are excluded rights if they are rights which are excluded from his estate by virtue of regulations under section 12 of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999. 342B Orders under section 342A. (d)for the recovery by the person responsible for the arrangement (whether by deduction from any amount which that person is ordered to pay or otherwise) of costs incurred by that person in complying in the bankrupt’s case with any requirement under section 342C(1) or in giving effect to the order. (2)In subsection (1), references to adjusting the liabilities of the arrangement in respect of a person include (in particular) reducing the amount of any benefit or future benefit to which that person is entitled under the arrangement. (3)In subsection (1)(c), the reference to liabilities of the arrangement does not include liabilities in respect of a person which result from giving effect to an order or provision falling within section 28(1) of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (pension sharing orders and agreements). (b)the value of the individual’s rights under the arrangement (if the arrangement is an approved pension arrangement) or of his excluded rights under the arrangement (if the arrangement is an unapproved pension arrangement). (5)An order under section 342A which requires the person responsible for an arrangement to pay an amount (“the restoration amount”) to the individual’s trustee in bankruptcy must provide for the liabilities of the arrangement to be correspondingly reduced. 342C Orders under section 342A: supplementary. shall, on the bankrupt’s trustee in bankruptcy making a written request, provide the trustee with such information about the arrangement and rights as the trustee may reasonably require for, or in connection with, the making of applications under section 342A. applies to a court exercising its powers under section 342A. (3)Where any sum is required by an order under section 342A to be paid to the trustee in bankruptcy, that sum shall be comprised in the bankrupt’s estate. (b)any such amounts as are mentioned in section 342B(6)(a) and (b). (ii)approved by the Secretary of State. (b)the person having functions in relation to the arrangement corresponding to those of a trustee, manager or provider. (b)contain such incidental, supplemental and transitional provisions as appear to the Secretary of State necessary or expedient. 36A“ Recovery of excessive pension contributions. the permanent trustee may apply to the court for an order under this section. (3)Subsection (4) applies where the court is satisfied that the value of the rights under the arrangement is, as a result of rights of the debtor under the arrangement or any other pension arrangement having at any time become subject to a debit under section 29(1)(a) of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (debits giving effect to pension-sharing), less than it would otherwise have been. (7)For the purposes of this section and sections 36B and 36C (“the recovery provisions”), rights of a debtor under an unapproved pension arrangement are excluded rights if they are rights which are excluded from his estate by virtue of regulations under section 12 of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999. 36B Orders under section 36A. (d)for the recovery by the person responsible for the arrangement (whether by deduction from any amount which that person is ordered to pay or otherwise) of costs incurred by that person in complying in the debtor’s case with any requirement under section 36C(1) or in giving effect to the order. (b)the value of the debtor’s rights under the arrangement (if the arrangement is an approved pension arrangement) or of his excluded rights under the arrangement (if the arrangement is an unapproved pension arrangement). (5)An order under section 36A which requires the person responsible for an arrangement to pay an amount (“the restoration amount”) to the permanent trustee must provide for the liabilities of the arrangement to be correspondingly reduced. 36C Orders under section 36A: supplementary. shall, on the permanent trustee making a written request, provide the permanent trustee with such information about the arrangement and rights as the permanent trustee may reasonably require for, or in connection with, the making of applications under section 36A. applies to a court exercising its powers under section 36A. (3)Where any sum is required by an order under section 36A to be paid to the permanent trustee, that sum shall be comprised in the debtor’s estate. (b)any such amounts as are mentioned in section 36B(6)(a) and (b).
0.946247	You may need rendering support to display the Lao text in this article correctly. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. Vientiane is the national symbol of Laos. Local Lao soldiers in the French Colonial guard, c. 1900. Sisavang Vatthana in Luang Prabang, 4 May 1953. Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the NVA and Vietcong. Laos in the late 1960s. Pathet Lao soldiers in Vientiane, 1972. Mekong River flowing through Luang Prabang. Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The new province, Xaisomboun Province, was established on 13 December 2013. Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). An "urban" village is essentially a town. General Secretary and President Bounnhang Vorachith. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. Recognized asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. About 80% of the Laotian population practices subsistence agriculture. Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 740,010 residents in 2008. The country's population density was 27/km2. Lao Theung constitute about 30 percent of the population. Buddhist monks in front of Wat Sen, Luang Prabang. Lao Soung account for only about 10 percent of the population. Khmer script and is very similar to Thai, and easily understood by readers of Thai script. Languages like Khmu and Hmong are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness. An example of Lao cuisine. Luang Prabang plant the rice variety Khao Kam in small quantities near the hut in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive. Sinh is a traditional garment worn by Laotian women in daily life. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. In particular, it can indicate which region the wearer is from. Festival There are some public holidays , festivities and ceremonies in Laos. Bun Pha Wet Magha Puja Vietnamese Tet & Chinese New Year Boun Khoun Khao Boun Pimai Visakha Puja Khao Phansaa Haw Khao Padap Din Awk Phansaa Bun Nam Lao National Day. Laos – List of Champions". RSSSF. Retrieved 7 July 2016. ^ FIBA LiveStats, FIBA.com, accessed 24 August 2017. Republic of Macedonia"; see Macedonia naming dispute.
0.999995	Play a part in the unfolding story of the National Trust's latest acquisition. Seaton Delaval Hall is a great English Baroque villa designed by Sir John Vanbrugh for Admiral George Delaval, built between 1719 and 1732, with formal gardens and colourful borders. It is much more than an architectural masterpiece. For 900 years, the estate has been a stage for drama, intrigue and romance while the surrounding landscape has fuelled industrial revolution. The Hall has survived terrible fires, military occupation and potential ruin. The next chapter of the story will involve the local community who will help shape the future of the events and activities that will take place in its stunning spaces.
0.98593	Don't use Cloudflare's "Flexible SSL" Cloudflare are a content delivery / security company that currently handle over 10% of global internet traffic. It's free to sign up and you can have your website on their network in a matter of minutes. They offer some pretty neat features, but the one I want to talk about in this blog is their "Flexible SSL" offering. Flexible SSL is a way for non-secure websites (those running over HTTP) to appear secure (HTTPS). I say appear secure, because Flexible SSL only encrypts the traffic between the user and the Cloudflare network point-of-presence (POP). Once it gets to the Cloudflare POP, the traffic is decrypted and sent over the public internet to the target web server, which sends the unencrypted response back to the POP where it gets delivered securely to the user. The problem is, on the internet, any ISP at any point along the path between you and the target server can intercept or modify the traffic. Since Cloudflare POPs are positioned close to population centers, the only part of the connection that's protected is the shortest part - between you and Cloudflare. Some people will argue that this is enough, since most attackers are going to be close to you, eg on your local network (think coffee shop / airport WiFi). While the local network is where the biggest risk lies, the internet at large is still a huge network of different ISPs, some of which may have been compromised or may have unscrupulous employees, traffic logging or similar. BGP hijacking means any ISP in the world can claim to be parts of the internet - in effect, forcing your traffic to be routed through them. Government agencies like the NSA are known to use "traffic engineering" to force traffic through monitored ISPs or into countries less protected by privacy laws. While Flexible SSL sounds like a good upgrade over no encryption at all (plain old HTTP), it has a serious consequence: a visitor to a HTTPS website can no longer tell if the site is really 100% secured (HTTPS to the target server) or if it's only the connection to the Cloudflare POP. Both instances present a nice green HTTPS lock icon in the browser, and that's a big problem. I certainly wouldn't enter my credit card details into a HTTP site, but when the site shows up as HTTPS, I'm left wondering: are my card details being sent securely to the merchant's website, or are they going to be routed as plain text over the public internet? Right now, there's no way to tell and that's a huge issue. Cloudflare themselves actually recommend against using Flexible SSL, saying "It should only be used as a last resort if you are not able to setup SSL on your own web server, but it is less secure than any other option (even “Off”)". If you use Cloudflare, I strongly recommend avoiding anything other than "Full SSL (Strict)". This is the only secure mode of SSL which fully encrypts both the connection between the POP and the visitor and the POP and your website. Setting up Full SSL is unfortunately more work than just clicking a toggle in the Cloudflare control panel, but it's the only way to really ensure secure communication over the internet. Thankfully with services like Let's Encrypt, it no longer costs anything to obtain an SSL certificate, but there's still work involved in setting it up.
0.999811	5. BigML, Inc. 5 A Gentle Introduction to Machine Learning Steps to create a ML program from data ● Acquiring data In tabular format: each row stores the information about the thing that has a property that you want to predict. Each column is a different attribute (field or feature). ● Defining the objective The property that you are trying to predict ● Using an ML algorithm The algorithm builds a program (the model or classifier) whose inputs are the attributes of the new instance to be predicted and whose output is the predicted value for the target field (the objective). 10. BigML, Inc. 10 A Gentle Introduction to Machine Learning Evaluating your models ● Testing your model with new data is the key to measure its performance. Never evaluate with training data! ● Simplest approach: split your data into a training dataset and a test dataset (8020% is costumary) ● Advanced approach: to avoid biased splits, do it repeatedly and average evaluations or kfold crossvalidate. ● Accuracy is not a good metric when classes are unbalanced. Use the confusion matrix instead or phi, F1 score or balanced accuracy. Which evaluation metric to choose? 14. BigML, Inc. 14 ● How many trees? ● How many nodes? ● Missing splits? ● Random Candidates? ● SMACdown: automatic optimization of ensembles by exploring the configuration space. Ensembles Configuration parameters Too many parameters? Automate! 16. BigML, Inc. 16 ● We should use feature engineering to transform raw features in linearly related predictors, if needed. ● The ML algorithm searches for the coefficients to solve the problem by transforming it into a linear regression problem In general, the algorithm will find a coefficient per feature plus a bias coefficient and a missing coefficient Logistic Regression Assumption: The output is linearly related to the predictors. 19. BigML, Inc. 19 Logistic Regression Logistic Regressions versus Decision Trees ● Expects a "smooth" linear relationship with predictors ● LR is concerned with probability of a discrete outcome. ● Lots of parameters to get wrong: regularization, scaling, codings ● Slightly less prone to over- fitting ● Because fits a shape, might work better when less data available. ● Adapts well to ragged non-linear relationships ● No concern: classification, regression, multi-class all fine. ● Virtually parameter free ● Slightly more prone to over-fitting ● Prefers surfaces parallel to parameter axes, but given enough data will discover any shape. 23. BigML, Inc. 23 ● K-means: The number of expected groups is given by the user. The algorithm starts using random data points as centers. – K++: the first center is chosen randomly from instances and each subsequent center is chosen from the remaining instances with probability proportional to its squared distance from the point's closest existing cluster center Clusters Types of clustering algorithm The algorithm computes distances based on each instance features. Each instance is assigned to the nearest center or centroid. Centroids are recalculated as the center of all the data points in each cluster and process is repeated till the groups converge. ● G-means: The number of groups is also determined by the algorithm. Starting from k=2, each group is split if the data distribution in it is not Gaussian-like. 27. BigML, Inc. 27 Anomaly Detection Statistical anomaly indicators ● Univariateapproach: Given a single variable, and assuming normal distribution (Gaussian). Compute the standard deviation and choose a multiple of it as threshold to define what's anomalous. ● Benford's law: In reallife numeric sets the small digits occur disproportionately often as leading significant digits.
0.885006	Children's Hour, initially The Children's Hour, was the BBC's principal recreational service for children (as distinct from "Broadcasts to Schools") which began during the period when radio was the only medium of broadcasting. Children's Hour was broadcast from 1922 to 1964, originally from the BBC's Birmingham station 5IT, soon joined by other regional stations, then in the BBC Regional Programme, before transferring to its final home, the new BBC Home Service, at the outbreak of the second World War. Parts of the programme were also rebroadcast by the BBC World Service. For the last three years of its life (from 17 April 1961 until 27 March 1964), the title Children's Hour was no longer used, the programmes in its "time-slot" going out under the umbrella heading of For the Young. The programme takes its name from a verse by Longfellow: "Between the dark and the daylight, When the night is beginning to lower, Comes a pause in the day's occupations, That is known as the Children's Hour." In the United Kingdom, Children's Hour was broadcast from 5 pm to 6 pm every day of the week, with the biggest listening figures being at weekends when parents joined in too. It was the time of day during the week when children could be expected to be home from school, and was aimed at an audience aged about 5 to 15 years. Programming was imbued with Reithian virtues, and Children's Hour was often criticised, like "Auntie" BBC itself, for paternalism and middle-class values. It was nonetheless hugely popular, and its presenters were national figures, their voices instantly recognisable. Derek McCulloch was closely involved with the programme from 1926, and ran the department from 1933 until 1950, when he had to resign for health reasons. From 1928 to 1960, Children's Hour in Scotland was organised and presented by Kathleen Garscadden, known as Auntie Kathleen, whose popularity brought crowds to the radio station in Glasgow. Popular nature study programmes on the Scottish Children's Hour were presented by Tom Gillespie (the 'Zoo Man'), James Douglas-Home (the 'Bird Man'), and Gilbert Fisher (the 'Hut Man') during the 1940s and '50s. The definitive history of the programme can be found in the book BBC Children's Hour by Wallace Grevatt, edited by Trevor Hill and published by The Book Guild in 1988. With a foreword by David Davis, who became synonymous with the programme, its 21 chapters trace the chronological history and also deal with the BBC's six regions: Midland, Northern, West of England, Welsh, Scottish, and Northern Ireland. Trevor Hill was one of the key producers on Children's Hour and was based in Manchester but later moved across to BBC Television where he introduced Children's Television Club, the original Northern-based presenters being Geoffrey Wheeler and Judith Chalmers, before it moved to London. A full account of Hill's wide-ranging career can be found in his autobiography Over the Airwaves (2005), which includes much detail about Children's Hour. He was later asked by the BBC to write and produce radio programmes in tribute to three Children's Hour regulars, Derek McCulloch (Uncle Mac), Wilfred Pickles and Violet Carson. The programme's closure was decided in 1964 by Frank Gillard following an enormous decline in listenership—by the end of 1963, the number of listeners had fallen to 25,000. Gillard said that most of them were "middle-aged and elderly ladies who liked to be reminded of the golden days of their youth", and that young listeners had instead turned to watching television, listening to the BBC Light Programme or to pirate radio. There was considerable complaint about the closing of the service and questions were raised in Parliament. Said the Cat to the Dog, Music at Random, Top of the Form, and serialisations of stories by children's authors such as Malcolm Saville, Rosemary Sutcliff, Elizabeth Clark and Arthur Ransome. Well-known musicians such as Peter Maxwell Davies composed music for the programme. An unknown teenage Maxwell Davies sent in a composition called "Clouds" which raised a few eyebrows and was duly invited in to see whether "he's a genius or mad". The stalwarts of Nursery Sing Song, Trevor Hill and Violet Carson, decided he was the former so Hill took him under his wing from then on, setting him on his way by introducing him to conductor Charles Groves and others. Norman Ellison, aka Nomad the Naturalist. ^ Hendy, David (2007). Life on Air: A History of Radio Four. Oxford University Press. pp. 38–39. ISBN 9780199248810.
0.999984	Marc talks about what happened on this day in history, including the day The Quartering Act was enacted, the day President Calvin Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States, and the day songwriter and guitarist Bo Diddley died. 1763 – Pontiac’s Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison’s attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort. 1854 – Fugitive slave Anthony Burns was returned to the South from Boston. It cost the federal government $100,000 to return Burns, who was later sold to a group of Bostonians who freed him. 1899 – Black Americans observed day of fasting called by National Afro-American Council to protest lynching and racial massacres. 1924 – The U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States. 1967 – Luis Monge is executed in Colorado’s gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States. 1967 – Race riot in Roxbury section of Boston. 1997 – In Denver, Colorado, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was executed four years later.
0.922561	When I first meet a client for dog training, there is one question that can fill them with dread - "where does your dog sleep?" I can tell the answer just from the look on the owners face, when an expression of guilt and shame washes over their face, and they meekly state "On the bed with me" generally followed up with "I know it isn't right". I want to let you know that you are allowed to have your dog on the bed. They are not going to loose respect for you, and it is not the reason that they don't listen to you and fail to do what they are told. Lack of communication and training is what is lacking - not your dog having a nap beside you. 1. Are you comfortable? Please don't sacrifice your comfort and actual sleep for your dog. If your dog is a space hog and it is distracting from your ability to sleep soundly and comfortably, then your dog needs to move. 2. Teach your dog to move when asked. This is not an inherent dog behaviour - you do need to help them learn what you want. I would encourage you to teach your dog the cue "Touch", this is a simple exercise where your dog learns to touch your hand with their nose for a treat. Then you can teach them to move toward your hand for a treat, and like magic you now have an easy way to get your dog to move - no need for man-handling your dog. 3. Is your dog waking you up at night? Unless your dog needs to go to the toilet, or their is an intruder in your house - there are no excuses for waking you up. I would at this time be looking at using a crate to teach my dog that it should be asleep at appropriate times, then once it is used to the pattern of when to be asleep - which may take months - I would then I would let them have more freedom to come to bed. So there you have it - you can share your bed with your dog, without fear that they are going to overrun your house. Have a few guidelines and boundaries, for your own sleep sanity, and you will have the best hot water bottle laying next to you this winter. My 2 year old used to sleep on my bed but lately she hasn't want to so she starts sleeping in her doggy bed and about 4-5am every morning she will come to me to pick her up so that she can sleep on the bed. Any reason for this? I found that the relationship I had with my Shar Pei improved once I allowed him to sleep on the bed. My Pei was very aloof towards me but now after sleeping on my bed he has become more attentive and whilst he still can be aloof ( he is a SharPei) he has become more affectionate and looks forward to his bed time ritual of treats and pats.
0.979358	Evolutionary psychologists' explanations for current behavior based on the evolution of behavior in time-distant ancestral environments are said to be ultimate explanations. They use the word ultimate in the primary sense of furthest back in time, remote, or distant. Neurobiological theories of behavior are said to be proximal explanations, in the sense that they are closely and directly linked to our current biological functioning. From a proximal neurobiological perspective, the present evidence that personality disorders have a neurobiological basis is beyond question. Debates now center on such issues as the extent of the contribution of genes to personality disordered behavior and the malleability and limits to the amelioration of personality disorders. Also of question are what particular interventions are necessary for changing personality disordered behavior and whether these interventions change across the life span. Now let us explore the parameters of what is meant by a biological basis for a personality disorder. The major parameter for a biological basis of any behavior is genes. Genes are actually locations along chromosomes, which are structures inside the nucleus of cells. A particular gene location consists of a double strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is made up of only four amino acids—adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gua-nine. These amino acids accomplish two main tasks: First, their own replication (and thus, survival of the greater organism); second, the coding of larger protein molecules, which in turn control nearly all other functions of living organisms, including such basic tasks as respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion and such higher level functions as survival, intellectual endeavors, and personality traits. Heredity patterns focus on the different forms of genes called alleles. A person's specific combination of alleles is called a genotype. The observed behavior of an individual as a result of his or her genotype is called a phenotype. There are at least three major forms of genotypic transfer: (1) major dominant gene transmission, (2) recessive gene transmission, and (3) additive gene transmission. There are also other genetic reasons for particular phenotypes that are not transmitted from parents to their children such as new mutations (that can subsequently be heritable) and changes in chromosomes (e.g., extra chromosomes or repeated DNA sequences). One of the most well-known examples of a pathological phenotype due to a major dominant gene is Huntington's disease (HD). This progressive dementing disorder causes major dysfunction in intellectual and memory processing and eventually death. Huntington's disease is caused by a single dominant allele. These individuals inherit one dominant allele (coding for the disease) and one normal (but recessive) allele. Because the two alleles each split during reproduction, the children of HD individuals have a 50-50 chance of inheriting the dominant allele, thus 50% of the children of an HD parent will inherit HD. The second major form of genetic transmission is due to two recessive alleles that can only express themselves in the presence of an alike, recessive, but pathological allele. If a person carries only one pathological recessive allele, this person will not have a noticeable pathological phenotype; however, by definition, they are called carriers of the disease. Reproduction with another carrier will result in a 25% likelihood that their children will exhibit the pathological phenotype, a 50% likelihood that their children will be carriers of the disease, and a 25% likelihood that their children will neither exhibit the phe-notype nor be a carrier for the disease. It is estimated that over 1,500 diseases or pathological conditions are caused by recessive alleles. The third form of genetic transmission is less well known than the other two but accounts for millions of phenotypic traits, diseases, and conditions. This form is called additive genetic transmission, which involves multiples genes (i.e., polygenic; see DeFries, McGuffin, McClearn, & Plomin, 2000, for an overview of genetic transmission). Most complex human traits, both physical (e.g., height) and psychological (e.g., intelligence), are thought to be influenced by multiple genes. These phenotypic traits are typically measured quantitatively along some scale or dimension. Interestingly, their measurements in large groups of people often produces a normal distribution (i.e., a bell-shaped curve) with most people scoring in the middle of the dimension and fewer people toward either end of the scale. For quantitative phenotypic traits with a polygenic cause, it is not often easy to identify a point along the scale where individuals above a certain point are said to be pathological and individuals below that point are not. Nonetheless, personality disorder research conventionally measures personality disorders dimensionally yet often treats them as discrete groups or categories (Millon & Davis, 2000). Thus, personality disorders likely have a heritable poly-genic basis, which is at least as strong as other influences. The two most traditional experimental sources for the evidence of the heritability of complex human traits such as personality disorders comes from (1) family studies where the number of affected individuals is traced in single families over generations and (2) twin studies of identical (monozygotic or MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic or DZ) twins. In twin studies, if a trait is more alike (i.e., has greater concordance) in MZ twins than in DZ twins, the trait is thought to have a genetic basis. The concordance rates are measured with correlation coefficients (r) where a coefficient of 1.00 indicates that a pair of twins (or two individuals) are absolutely the same on a trait, 0.00 indicates no relationship whatsoever between the twins, and -1.00 indicates that the twins are exactly opposite on the trait. Thus, in twin studies, a genetic influence is indicated where the MZ twin correlation is greater than the DZ twin correlation. The MZ correlation value has been used as a rough estimate of proportional influence of genes to the variability in that trait. For example, if a trait has a correlation of .62 in a group of MZ twins and a correlation of .25 in a group of DZ twins, the overall heritability of the trait can be estimated to be .62, thus 62% of the variability in the trait may be due to heritable influences. It is also important to note a common error in the interpretation of the heri-tability coefficient. A trait that is said to have a heritability of .62 does not mean that 62% of the trait is heritable. It does mean that in this polygenic trait, 62% of the variability of individual scores when measured on the trait is attributed to genetic influences. Whereas most personality disorders have long been noted to run in families (e.g., Millon & Davis, 2000), the evidence for their heritable basis from twin studies has only recently been empirically demonstrated. The first of these was an adult twin study by Torgersen et al. (2000) who interviewed 92 MZ twin pairs and 129 DZ pairs using a structured interview for personality disorders. They found a median heritability correlation of .59 for 10 personality disorders ranging from .79 for Narcissistic Personality Disorder to .28 for Avoidant Personality Disorder. Coolidge et al. (2001), in a study of 70 MZ twin pairs and 35 DZ twin pairs of children ranging from 5 to 17 years old, used a parent-as-respondent inventory (Coolidge Personality and Neuropsychological Inventory; Coolidge, Thede, Stewart, & Segal, 2002) designed to assess the 12 personality disorders and their features from DSM-IV-TR. They found a median heritabil-ity correlation of .75 for the 12 personality disorders with a range of .81 for Dependent Personality Disorder to .50 for the Paranoid and Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorders. In a provocative article, Turkheimer (2000) proposed three laws of behavior genetics relating to polygenic causes. The first law is that multiple sources of evidence appear to show that all complex human behavior is heritable, at least to some extent. The second law is that the effect of genes on our behavior is usually greater than the effect of our common family influences (i.e., shared environment). The third law states that a substantial portion of the variation in complex behavioral traits is not accounted for by the effects of genes or family influences (i.e., nonshared environment). The two twin studies previously cited (Coolidge et al., 2001; Torgersen et al., 2000) appear to follow all three of Turkheimer's laws. All of the personality disorders appear to be at least somewhat heritable and some appear to be highly heritable, thus outstripping the impact of any shared or nonshared environmental influences. Typical twin study analyses include an estimate of the overall heritability of a trait, the relative differential influence of genes, the family environment in which the twins are raised (i.e., shared environment), and the unique experiences to which each twin might individually be exposed (i.e., nonshared environment). The latter statistical estimates are made using a technique known as structural equation modeling (see Neale & Cardon, 1992, for additional details). Both the Torgersen et al. and Coolidge et al. studies found that the predominant heritability model was one that included only additive genetic influences and unique or nonshared influences. Surprisingly, the effects of a family's influence on the formation of a personality disorder appeared to be the least influential. Let's examine Turkheimer's third law with regard to these previously mentioned personality disorder studies: A substantial portion of the variation in personality disorder traits is not accounted for by the effects of genes or family influences. Genetic researchers label this factor the nonshared environmental influence, and it accounts for the reason siblings and twins are different although raised in the same family. The entire system in which a complex trait arises is characterized by a high degree of interactivity. This means that genes and environmental influences will interact with other genes and environmental influences to make simple interpretations of these separate factors almost absurd. For example, whereas a personality disorder might have nearly equally heritable and environmental contributions, particular genetic influences might predispose an individual to select a particular environment that affects the expression of that and other genetic and environmental influences. Although all three sources of influence are involved in this interactivity, the interpretation of the nonshared environmental influences present a particularly thorny problem to psychologists, particularly in light of Turkheimer's third law. However, it does not mean that what a family teaches a child does not matter or does not affect the child's later adult personality. It may, however, indicate how siblings can be different despite being raised in the same family because the unique individual environments of each child and that child's peers may be a more potent cause of the later developmental outcomes of the child than the shared ones. However, the results of a meta-analysis of a plethora of studies designed to objectively assess these unique experiences of individuals are daunting. The meta-analysis revealed that nonshared environmental influences are exceedingly difficult to assess and quantify (e.g., Turkheimer & Waldron, 2000). Indeed, the results have been labeled the gloomy hypothesis, suggesting it may be the nonshared environmental influences that are too unique, unsystematic, capricious, and/or serendipitous to measure quantitatively— although we are likely to hear about these unique influences from our patients during treatment. Because of a high degree of interactivity between genetic and environmental influences, these unsystematic nonshared environmental influences are exposed to equally unsystematic genetic processes. For psychologists interested in personality disorders, this may mean that additive genetic factors have the greatest influence on the formation of personality disorders. This may obviate some guilt in the family members or parents of individuals with personality disorders, but it clearly stops there. So what if a personality disorder has a genetic basis? Until highly successful biochemical genetic treatments or other biochemical interventions are developed, therapists are left to guess what the individual nonshared environmental factors might be in the formation of a particular personality disorder in an individual. Currently, there is no acceptable quantitative method for estimating these influences, leaving the assessment of these influences to the therapist's intuitions. It also leaves the necessity of these evaluations to a successful therapeutic outcome to the intuition and training experiences of the therapist. But the results of these neurobiological studies are not totally in vain. Preliminary data suggests that personality disorders are heritable (at least to some degree), but demonstrating a strong genetic basis does not invalidate or negate attempts to explain familial, environmental, and intrapsychic features that promote and maintain personality disorders. Indeed, as is true for most mental disorders, an inclusive biopsychosocial model is most appropriate for understanding the origins of the personality disorders, and, perhaps most importantly, for informing interventions. Get All The Support And Guidance You Need To Be A Success At A Better Life. This Book Is One Of The Most Valuable Resources In The World When It Comes To Better Living with Enhanced Mental Health.
0.999426	Search engine (SE) is a computer system designed to search for information. The most well-known search engine applications are web services for searching text or graphic information on the World Wide Web. There are also systems that can search for files on FTP servers, products in online stores, and information in news groups. To search for information using a search engine, the user formulates a search query. The job of the search engine is to find documents containing either the specified keywords or words related to the user's request. In this case, the search engine generates a search results page. Some engines also extract information from suitable databases and resource directories on the Internet. Search engine - a system with a graphic user interface for the user. The SE provides functionality for searching indexed data. To update the search engine’s collected information, this indexing cycle is repeated. Search engines work by storing information about web pages, receiving their HTML code and URLs(Uniform Resource Locator). A crawler is a program that automatically passes through all the links found on the page and highlights them. A crawler, based on references or based on a predefined list of addresses, searches for new documents not yet known to the search engine. The site owner can exclude certain pages using robots.txt, which can be used to prevent the indexing of special files, pages or directories of the site. The search engine analyzes the content of each page for further indexing. Words can be extracted from headers, page text or special fields - meta tags. A separate crawler is looking for new URLs via scanning the links in the internet. Another robot is visiting each of the new pages to analyse the information and add it to the indexed DB. An index is a module that analyzes a page by first breaking it into parts using its own lexical and morphological algorithms. All the elements of the web page are isolated and analyzed separately. Data about web pages is stored in the index database for use in subsequent queries. is a word in the text that gives a concise description of the content of a text document, which allows user to better identify its subject matter. Keywords in the Web development are used mainly for searching and are the main way to organize content. Keywords in Text Analysis Key words in text analysis, (including when building an index in search engines), are especially important and representative of a particular nature of words in a text, the set of which can give a high-level description of its content for the reader. Key words (KW) are characterized by the following traits: Frequency - the most common denote the feature of the object, state or effect; Represented by significant vocabulary, sufficiently generalized in their semantics, degree of abstraction, and style. Interrelation - connected with each other by a network of semantic links, intersections of meanings; If the KWs are repeated too often in the text, the search engines may regard this as spam and not promote the given page. The KW set defines the index of words, their frequency, and predictability. Keyword in the markup of web pages In HTML, to specify keywords, there are meta elements with the respective keywords. This way of specifying keywords opens up even more opportunities for abuse. As a result, only some search engines use this metatag as a factor to improve the ranking of the pages, while others don’t. Historically, this aspect was overused in SEO and is now ignored by the leading search engines, like Google. For example, Google often ignores the keywords in the tag, because of too much abuse in the past. However, they are used by other user agents (for example, web browsers for searching bookmarks). In XHTML microformats, the keywords describing the document are presented as a list of links, each of which should lead to a page containing a list of documents that also has this keyword. Thus, the possibility of abuse is somewhat reduced, since each link should lead to real content. For such keywords, the term "tags" are more often used, and at the code level they are implemented using the micro-format tag-rel. discloses information about the characteristics and properties that describe any entities that allow to automatically search and manage them in large information flows. The Difference Between Data and Metadata It is usually impossible to make an unambiguous division into data and metadata in a document because: Something can be both data and metadata. Thus, the title of an article can be simultaneously referred to as metadata (as a metadata element - the title), and to the actual data (since the title is part of the text itself). According to the usual definition, metadata is a set of structured information. You can create metadata for metadata, for output to special devices, or read their descriptions using text-to-speech software. Classification of metadata Metadata can be classified by The content. Metadata can either describe the resource itself (for example, the name and size of the file), or the content of the resource (for example, "this video shows how to play football"). The resource as a whole. Metadata can refer to a resource as a whole or to parts of it. For example, "Title" (movie name) refers to the movie, and "Scene description" (the description of the movie episode) is separate for each episode of the film. Logical inference. Metadata can be divided into three layers: the bottom layer is raw data; middle layer - metadata describing the specified "raw" data; and the top layer is metadata, which allows you to make a logical conclusion using the second layer. The three most commonly used metadata classes are: Internal metadata, which describes the structure or constituent parts of a thing. For example, the format and size of the file. Administrative metadata required for information processing. Such as, information about the author, the editor, the date of publication, etc. Descriptive metadata that describe the nature of a thing, its attributes. For example, a set of information-related categories, links to other subjects related to the the item in question. In search engine optimisation SEO-experts concentrate on the concrete part of metadata - HTML-tags: <title>,< description>,< h1>,< keyword>. It’s the particular examples of metadata. Search engine results page () - a web page generated by the search engine in response to a user's request. One part of the search results is organic. This is a list, found and indexed by the search engine, which is closely relevant to the query, and the ranking and display is not affected by paid advertised listings. The structure of SE results page divided into several parts, on the top 3 positions the AdWords ads is placed with a special sign “ Advertisement”. Below you’ll see the natural, or organic search results. And on the right - some additional content, like Google maps pages, search related images, etc. Usually it is ordered by descending relevance to the search query according to the ranking algorithms used in the search system. Other types of sorting can also be provided, for example, by the date of the documents. Overview of the SERP Structure There are several areas in the search results page in modern search engines: Organic search results - the main part of the results; Contextual ads (paid links) - small fragments of text, placed in search results on a fee basis. This is one of the main ways to monetize the search engine; Shortcuts (one-boxes, wizards, etc.) - the area in front of the main search results, where you can put a ready answer to a query, useful information or links, or suggest correcting typos in the request; Related request - reformulation and refinement of the entered query, similar requests; Controls: Field for entering a search request, the possibility of automatic prompts (auto-completion); Links to go to the next, previous and several other pages of the issue. Search documents are usually represented by web pages, but many systems are also able to index and provide links to files in formats such as .pdf, .doc, .ppt, etc., pages with Flash-animation (.swf). Some systems have introduced the so-called universal search: these results may be mixed, for example, the query may display results ranging from pictures, videos, news, and maps. With the implementation on the site structured data, it is increasingly possible to see in the SERP "extended" snippets in search results, which occupy about 20-30% of the Google’s first page.
0.999004	Add feminine hygiene products such as tampons, sanitary napkins and menstruation cups to the list of VAT zero-rated items. Menstruation is a biological inevitability for nearly all women. The average woman is estimated to have roughly 450 periods in her lifetime, and according to the British Journal for Medicine and Medical Research, will use up to 17 000 pads or tampons in her lifetime. The additional cost of tax on feminine sanitary items therefore places women at a distinct financial disadvantage in comparison to men. The effect of the tax on these items for women from low-income households is particularly profound given that should they be unable to afford the additional expense of sanitary items, these women are then forced to resort to using rags, cloths or even newspaper instead, or to stay at home rather than attending work or school. Not only is this an affront to their basic human rights and dignity, but also places women's health at risk where rags, cloths and newspaper is not properly cleaned or sanitized, and raises public health concerns given the higher potential for bodily fluids to still escape. Frequent absenteeism also places women at a marked disadvantage to male peers in terms of educational outcomes as well as long-term employment prospects. In 2014, it was estimated that as many as 3.7 million girls in South Africa could be missing school because of their periods, with far-reaching consequences for their futures. Beyond impacting women's education, the expense of sanitary items further obstructs women's ability to build wealth and save. According to the World Economic Forum's 2017 Global Gender Gap Report, South Africa was ranked at just 114 out of 144 countries in terms of wage equality, meaning that South African women already earn less than men for the same work performed. Being unable to access or having to pay additional tax on what is essentially a medical necessity not only has the potential to impact women's work performance, but entrenches the poverty trap that many women from low-income households find themselves in. Finally, taxing feminine hygiene products essentially means that the government draws additional revenue specifically from women in a form of institutionalized gender discrimination, profiting unequally from women and their bodies. At it's most basic, VAT on feminine hygiene products thus flies in the face of the right to gender equality enshrined by the South African Constitution.
0.961284	A messianic movement in modern Islam, the Ahmadiyah has been one of the most active and controversial movements since its inception in British Indiain 1889. It has sustained its activities for more than a century and has been unrivaled in its dedication to the propagation of the faith. Ahmadi mosques and missionary centers have been established not only in the Indian subcontinent but also in numerous cities of the Western world, Africa, and Asia. The core of Ahmadi thought is prophetology, which draws its inspiration from the great medieval Muslim mystic Muhyi al-Din ibn al-`Arabi (1165-1240), who postulated an uninterrupted succession of nonlegislative prophets following Muhammad. Claiming for its founder messianic and prophetic status, the Ahmadi movement aroused the fierce opposition of Sunni Muslims and was accused of rejecting the dogma according to which Muhammad was the last prophet. While India was under British rule, the controversy remained a doctrinal dispute among private individuals or voluntary organizations, but when the Ahmadi headquarters moved in 1947 to the professedly Islamic state of Pakistan, the issue became a constitutional problem of major importance. Religious scholars belonging to the Sunni mainstream demanded the formal exclusion of the Ahmadis from the Islamic fold and achieved that objective in 1974 The history of the Ahmadi movement thus affords a unique example of the intricate relationship between religion and state in Islam, an example in which secularly elected members of political institutions arrogated to themselves the authority to determine the religious affiliation of a group of citizens, and to draw constitutional conclusions from this determination. History. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadi movement in Islam, was born in the late 1830s in Qadian, a village in the Punjab. His claim to special spiritual standing was first announced in the early 1880s. The movement was established in March 1889, when Ghulam Ahmad accepted a pledge of allegiance from a number of his followers in the Punjabi city of Ludhiana. He devoted the following years to prolific literary activity, to the organization and expansion of the new community, and to many polemical encounters with Sunni `ulama’, Christian missionaries, and members of the Hindu revivalist movement of Arya Samaj. A number of periodicals were launched in Qadian: including the monthly Review of Religions, the main English organ for the propagation of the Ahmadi view of Islam. Ghulam Ahmad died on 26 May 19o8. He was succeeded in the leadership of the community by Nuruddin, one of his first supporters, who became the first “Successor of the Messiah” (khalifat al-masih). During his leadership, the unity of the movement began to be threatened by differences of opinion on issues such as the relationship with non-Ahmadi Muslims and the nature of the community’s leadership. Nuruddin died in 1914 and was succeeded by Ghulam Ahmad’s son Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad. The differences in the movement now came to a head, and the Ahmadiyah split into two factions, known as the Qadiani and the Lahori. The Qadiani faction, which was larger and retained control of the movement’s headquarters and of its main publications, was headed by Mahmud Ahmad, now known as khalifat al-masih II; the prominent personalities among the Lahoris were Muhammad `Ali and Khvajah Kamaluddin.In addition to personal friction among members of the two groups, the focal points of disagreement were the nature of Ghulam Ahmad’s religious claim, the extent of Mahmud Ahmad’s authority in community affairs, and the attitude to be adopted toward non-Ahmadi Muslims. The Qadianis stressed Ghulam Ahmad’s claim to prophethood, maintained that Mahmud Ahmad’s religious authority was not less than that of Ghulam Ahmad, and left little doubt that they considered non-Ahmadi Muslims infidels. The Lahoris, on the other hand, held that Ghulam Ahmad never claimed to be more than a “renewer” (mujaddid) of religion; they suggested that the community leadership be entrusted to a group such as the Supreme Council of the Ahmadiyah (Sadr Anjuman-i Ahmadiyah) rather than to one successor of the messiah; and they deemed infidels only those Muslims who regarded the Ahmadis the same. This attitude toward non-Ahmadis was intended to minimize friction with other Muslims. Following the split, the Ahmadis continued their missionary and literary activity. The two factions renounced any connection with each other. The Lahori publications deal almost exclusively with familiar themes of Islamic modernism. They contain few references to ideas that distinguish the Ahmadiyah from the Islamic mainstream. The Qadiani Review of Religions, however, continued to stress the crucial role of Ghulam Ahmad in the spiritual history of mankind. Its pages provide translations from Ghulam Ahmad’s works and details of such Ahmadi missionary activities as the establishment of mosques and centers and cases of conversion to Islam. Several new institutions were established in Qadian by order of Mahmud Ahmad in order to coordinate the worldwide missionary and literary endeavors of the movement. a person who does not believe in the absolute and unqualified finality of the prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him), the last of the Prophets, or claims to be a Prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after Muhammad (peace be upon him), or recognizes such a claimant as a Prophet or a religious reformer, is not a Muslim for the purposes of the Constitution or Law. In April 1984, in the context of intensifying the Islamic characteristics of public life in Pakistan, President Muhammad Zia ul-Haq promulgated an ordinance making Ahmadi religious observance a punishable offense. Among other things, the Ahmadis were forbidden to refer to their faith as Islam, to preach or propagate it, or to call their places of worship mosques. All these offenses were made punishable by three years of imprisonment and a fine. In the wake of this ordinance, Mirza Tahir Ahmad, the present head of the Ahmadiyah, moved to London, where he still resided in the early 1990s. Religious Thought. The religious thought of the Ahmadiyah until 1914, and of its Qadiani branch since then, revolves around Ghulam Ahmad’s persistent claim to be a divinely inspired religious thinker and reformer. The many ways in which Ghulam Ahmad expressed his convictions enabled both his supporters and his rivals to make diverse and often contradictory interpretations of his claim to spiritual eminence. As has often been the case with Muslim revivalist and messianic movements, the starting point of Ghulam Ahmad’s thought was the assertion that Muslim religion and society had deteriorated to a point where divinely inspired reforms were essential in order to arrest the process of decline and restore the purity of Islam. It was against this background that Ghulam Ahmad claimed to have been chosen by Allah for the task of revitalizing Islam. Ghulam Ahmad’s mission is described in his writings in diverse terms. The definition of his spiritual claim that was most acceptable to the Sunni point of view was his declaration that Allah appointed him to be the renewer (mujaddid) of Islam in the fourteenth century AH. More controversial was his claim to be the Mahdi and the Promised Messiah (masih-i maw’ud). He supported this claim by an elaborate Christology arguing that Jesus did not die on the cross but only swooned; that he was taken down and cured of his wounds; and that he went to India and died a natural death at the age of 120 in the city of Srinagar. The Christian belief in the resurrection of Jesus and his return in glory at the end of days is, according to Ghulam Ahmad, groundless. It is incontrovertibly refuted in several verses in the Qur’an (e.g., 3:55) and is a Christian invention designed to prove that the living Jesus is superior to the deceased Muhammad, and that Christianity is consequently superior to Islam. Whenever a Muslim tradition seems to suggest the second coming of Christ, it should be taken to indicate not the coming of Jesus himself, but that of a person similar to him. This person is Ghulam Ahmad, whose spiritual role bears complete affinity with that of Jesus, in that both Jesus and Ghulam Ahmad appeared when their people were subjected to foreign rule; both were rejected by their religiously decadent communities; both repudiated jihad; and neither brought a new law but rather vowed to revive laws brought by Moses and Muhammad, respectively. Ghulam Ahmad’s repeated assertion that Allah made him a prophet was the most controversial formulation of his claim. Since it contradicted the Muslim dogma of Muhammad as the last prophet, it brought upon Ghulam Ahmad and his followers the most vociferous denunciations by the Sunni `ulama’. However, Ghulam Ahmad was able to maintain that his theology was compatible with the Muslim belief in the finality of Muhammad’s prophethood. He divided prophets into two categories: tashri `i, legislative prophets, who are entrusted with bringing a new book of revealed divine law and are usually founders of new communities; and ghayr tashri`i, nonlegislative prophets, who do not receive a new book of divine law but are sent to an existing community to urge it to implement the divine law brought by an earlier, legislative prophet. According to Ghulam Ahmad, the belief in the finality of Muhammad’s prophethood applies only to the first, legislative category. This classification of prophets enabled Ghulam Ahmad to attest that Muhammad was, indeed, the seal of the prophets and to claim at the same time that Allah could not possibly leave Muslims without prophetic guidance after the death of Muhammad, a condition that would make Muslims an accursed and abandoned community. Therefore, while it is true that no law-giving prophet can appear after Muhammad, prophetic perfections are continuously bestowed upon his most accomplished followers, such as Ghulam Ahmad, to whom Allah speaks and reveals his secrets. However, since Ghulam Ahmad attained this position only by his faithful following of Muhammad, his prophethood does not infringe upon Muhammad’s status as the seal of the prophets. Rather, the fact that the Prophet of Islam was capable of bestowing prophetic perfections on his accomplished followers proves Muhammad’s superiority over his predecessors in the prophetic office. Muslims are thus the only community privileged with divine communication and prophethood after the completion of Muhammad’s mission. Although this prophethood does not involve the revelation of new laws and is given only as a shadow of the prophethoed of Muhammad, its existence is a decisive indication of Islamic superiority over other religions. Ghulam Ahmad’s claim to be the Mahdi is closely related to his view of jihad. The classical tradition according to which the Mahdi “will break the cross, kill the swine, and abolish war” is interpreted in a way that transforms the Mahdi into an entirely peaceful figure. The statement that the Mahdi will “abolish war” is understood literally, and great stress is laid on it; on the other hand, the killing of the swine and the breaking of the cross are understood metaphorically and are said to indicate the Mahdi’s victory over Christianity by means of argument and spiritual power. jihad with the sword has thus come to an end with the advent of the Mahdi. Even before that, however, it was far from all-out aggressive war; it was allowed only in response to persecution by infidels. This interpretation rejects the traditional view that the idea of jihad developed from a total prohibition inMeccato a command of unrestricted validity inMedina. According to the Ahmadis, Islam has always been a religion dedicated to peace. Ghulam Ahmad repeatedly denounced Muslims who preached violent jihad: not only did they distort an essential part of Islamic teaching, they also assisted Christian missionaries in misrepresenting Islam as a religion committed to expansion by violent means; the only jihad sanctioned by Islam is spreading the faith by preaching and persuasion. Summary. The dispute between the Ahmadiyah and mainstream Sunni Islam stems from different approaches to the question of religious authority. As a messianic movement claiming a certain kind of prophethood for its founder and continuous divine inspiration for his successors, the Ahmadiyah was bound to clash with the `ulama’, who felt that their authority as custodians of Islamic learning and interpreters of Islamic law was being undermined. The dispute was exacerbated by the fact that the `ulama’ focused their opposition to the Ahmadiyah on the emotional issue of Muhammad’s honor, which was said to have been tarnished by Ghulam Ahmad’s claim to be a receiver of divine revelation after the completion of Muhammad’s mission. As far as the Ahmadi struggle within Islam is concerned, the main point of contention is thus the religious claim of Ghulam Ahmad, which is couched in terms derived from medieval Sufism. In its relationship with the non-Muslim world, however, the Ahmadiyah is primarily engaged in defending Islam and depicting it as a liberal, humane, and progressive religion that has been systematically slandered by non-Muslims. This aspect of Ahmadi teaching is well in line with that of modernist Muslim thinkers, though in other matters-for example, in their support for pardah and polygamy-the Ahmadis follow the traditional point of view. One of the essential differences between them and other contemporarv Muslim movements is that the Ahmadis consider the peaceful propagation of their version of islam among Muslims and non-Muslims alike to be an indispensable activity;in this they are persistent and unrelenting. Ghulam Ahmad.jesus in india jesus’ Escape from Death on the Cross and journey to india London, 1978. Khan Muhammad Zafafrullah . trans. Tadhkira: English Translation of the dreams ,visions,and Verbal Revelations Vouchsafed to the Promised messiah on Whom Be Peace.London, 1976. Binder, Leonard. Religion and Politics inPakistan.BerkeleyandLos Angeles, 1961. The Ahmadi controversy during the first years ofPakistan’s existence. Brush,StanleyE. “Ahmadiyyat inPakistan: Rabwa and the Ahmadis.” Muslim World 45 (1955): 145-171. Fisher, Humphrey J. Ahmadiyya: A Study of Contemporary Islam on theWestAfricanCoast.London, 1963. Excellent study of the Ahmadiyah in an African setting. Friedmann, Yohanan. Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background.Berkeley, 1989. History of the Ahmadiyah and its expansion. Includes analysis of the prophetology of both factions. The chapter on Ahmadi jihad surveys relevant beliefs in medieval Muslim tradition. Extensive bibliography. PakistanNational Assembly. “Verdict on Finality of Prophethood of Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).”Islamabad, 1974. Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. “Ahmadiyya.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, new ed., vol. 2, pp. 301-303.Leiden, 1960-.
0.999514	This article is about the nightborne lore. For the playable race, see Nightborne (playable). For the quest, see The Nightborne. The nightborne (also spelled the Nightborne) or shal'dorei in the native tongue are a powerful and mystical race of elves who live in Suramar. Since the city was first separated from the rest of the world over 10,000 years ago, they are no longer true night elves and have evolved by the Nightwell into a unique elven species. For the majority of their secluded existence, virtually the entire group resided in the ancient city of Suramar, and were led solely until recent times by Grand Magistrix Elisande. The nightborne race owes much of its unique physical characteristics to its long dependence on the Nightwell, an ancient source of power crafted by Suramar's Highborne residents during the War of the Ancients. Over their lengthy isolation, the exposure of the nightborne to the Nightwell's energies gradually transformed them from their original Kaldorei night elven appearance to their present darker, more night-based form. At the climax of the War of the Ancients, as the Kaldorei Empire began to crumble, the night elves of Suramar City, led by the Highborne Elisande, erected an immensely powerful shield that protected and isolated the city from the remainder of the Legion that overran Azeroth and the erupting sundering. There they would remain in self-imposed isolation for millennia. For the long period of time following the war's conclusion, the nightborne (as they evolved to become) continued excelling and progressing in the arcane arts and culture of the Kaldorei empire, existing in a bubble that preserved the ancient culture of the Kaldorei Empire pristinely over so many long millennia. This period of content isolation, which saw the shal'dorei flourish, would eventually come to an abrupt end with the onset of the Burning Legion's third invasion of Azeroth. Presented with a terrible ultimatum, a majority of the nightborne leaders, following the Grand Magistrix Elisande's lead, ultimately chose to ally with the demons in order to preserve their civilisation. Despite this, the ensuing Legion invasion saw the Nightfallen rebellion, composed of nightborne dissidents opposed to the Legion, rise into open insurgency against Suramar's ruling powers, who were still led by Grand Magistrix Elisande. With the aid of various forces from outside the Broken Isles, the Nightfallen were successful in not only liberating Suramar City from the Burning Legion's control, but also in freeing the nightborne people from their addiction to the Nightwell. Through consuming the fruit of the powerful Arcan'dor tree, the shal'dorei thus finally succeeded in escaping their dependence on the power source that had at once both preserved and enslaved them. At its height, the nightborne civilization is thought to have reached the pinnacle of elven magical prowess and sophistication, continuing the only unbroken line of magical progression of the mighty Kaldorei Empire it alone of all the existing Elven groups, successfully continued in. The nightborne are the night elves of Suramar who fought the Legion in the great War of the Ancients to defend their home and close a second demonic portal using the Eye of Aman'thul that would have overtaken and outflanked the resistance forces led by Kur'talos Ravencrest and Malfurion Stormrage to stop Queen Azshara. The Great Sundering blasted some of Suramar to the bottom of the Great Sea, although a good portion of it remained above shore in the Broken Isles due to the efforts of the resident Highborne, who crafted a magical shield that kept the center of their city together. This shield would stay up for 10,000 years, as the Highborne led group believed the world outside of Suramar had been destroyed. While the city was shielded, it was "probably next to impossible for normal Nightborne to leave." Under their shield in a perpetual shroud of night they would evolve into an even deeper night-based state over millennia through the energies of their arcane font, the Nightwell, the great source of power they would come to totally rely on for survival within the impenetrable shield. These night elves would come to call themselves the shal'dorei or nightborne. When the city ran out of food the nightborne started utilizing the substance of their Nightwell as nourishment and thus were spared death. However this soon caused them to become unable to survive without drawing magic from the Nightwell. Crime in the nightborne society was punished by exile. Cut off from their Nightwell, the exiled would first diminish into the starved Nightfallen state. Continuing without nourishment in this state causes further degradation into mindless creatures called Withered. Unlike Nightfallen, the state of Withered is irreversible and death follows not long after. 10,000 years later, the nightborne would lower their shield and surrender to the Burning Legion under the orders of their leader. Gul'dan worked alongside this leader, Grand Magistrix Elisande, at the Nighthold. Not many nightborne agree with Elisande's decision, though they keep their disagreement a secret. With loyalists and demons marching together in the streets of Suramar, fear and distrust grips other elves' hearts and family turns against family. Arcwine is the method by which the nightborne imbibe the Nightwell's energies, and the palace rations it to control the populace. A resistance group of nightborne and Nightfallen led by First Arcanist Thalyssra formed in the hidden hallways of the ruins of Shal'aran and is now backed up by Ly'leth Lunastre. Together they seek to overthrow Grand Magistrix Elisande and inspire the nightborne populace to remember they were once brave and noble thus overcoming their fear of exile in order to rise up against the current Legion occupation and bring to justice those who betrayed their people by allying with them. The rulers of Suramar, with Grand Magistrix Elisande in the center. The culture of the Shal'dorei is the culture of the Suramar region of the Kaldorei Empire preserved pristinely in seclusion for over 10,000 years. Isolated in their city refuge under the impenetrable shield, the night elven empire arcane culture of Suramar continued uninterrupted in relative safety and serenity, while their counterparts who survived the aftermath of the Great Sundering on Mount Hyjal, laid aside the arcane culture for a nature based one under their self-imposed ban on the use of the Arcane for spells. Similar to the night elven Highborne group of House Shen'dralar in Eldre'Thalas, the night elves of Suramar continued on in the traditions and customs of that era, but unlike the Shen'dralar of Eldre'Thalas that eventually fell to ruin towards the end of its 10 000 year isolation, their refuge endured under diligent and faithful stewardship. The great terror of the Legion invasion would fade and life as they always knew it would resume in the timeless bubble. With the Nightwell ingeniously employed to solve even shortages of food and armor, the night elves would advance their knowledge and hone their craft in the arcane arts to new heights over the millennia as they transitioned into nightborne. The night elves ruled the world 10,000 years ago, and no one came close when they built elegant cities and sculpted graceful forests, nor was any race a match for their mastery of magic, knowledge and wisdom. In time they would grow haughty and regard other races with contempt, and one of the reasons Malfurion Stormrage who saw value in other races often found himself a social pariah in his home city of Suramar. The nightborne of Suramar have an air of superiority that often comes across, especially amongst loyalists and the elite (with exceptions) as pompous. They revel in their unparalleled magical civilization but having no exposure to the current races of Azeroth till the rebellion led an invading force to free Suramar, many still regard outside races and the world as it was back then, full of the unworthy, the uncultured, and low born far beneath the standards and levels of the nightborne civilization. These were the less admirable qualities of kaldorei civilization back then, and the shal'dorei continue in them as if nothing has changed and as if they still remain the center of the world. The nightborne present, at first hand, the Highborne society of pre-Sundering Azeroth. Reminiscent of medieval feudal societies of Britain, France and northern Europe, status and nobility mattered enormously. Whilst the kaldorei group of Northern Kalimdor that recently joined the Alliance moved on from such occupancy with status and a city-centric civilization after the Sundering and the high elves broke away to create a new type of society, the nightborne have continued on this pre-Sundering Highborne path to the present. To the nightborne, reputation and status are of the utmost concern, and morality and principles of right and wrong are viewed too often in that light. At their core, however, the nightborne, like their night elven kin, do not find themselves short of noble souls stepping up to take a stand against the crashing tide of darkness that threatens to sweep their beloved city and the rest of the world in fel fire. Like all night elven culture, beauty and perfection are often the end goal, but their vanity has set them apart from their druidic kin. But beneath the pomp and airy rhetoric of the loyalists, the real plight of the city under the Legion's occupation is witnessed by visiting heroes ushered in under disguise by the nightfallen resistance and guided by the Lady Lunastre and her friend Vanthir. They expose the true suffering of the nightborne and the noble character of these ancient night elven folk. They diligently and tenaciously encourage the heart of their people in the face of oppression and callous indifference of a not insubstantial number of the nobility often too willing to turn a blind eye. Nightborne society is full of Artisans, Vintners, highly skilled Craftsmen, the military Duskwatch guard, and the elites of society, magic is woven into every aspect and discipline. As it was in the days of the Kaldorei Empire, spell casting is taught from a very early age amongst nightborne children. The loyalists: These dote on Elisande and — often too zealously — carry out her every whim. They are given an abundance of arcwine and are the ones in charge of rationing the supplies to the main populace to keep them compliant. Elisande claimed to the populace that there is a shortage of arcwine and thus the reason for rationing, however this is a lie. The entire 'shortage' is a ruse in order to, once again, keep them in line. The military and its Duskwatch form the bulk of the most loyal and fanatical supporters of Elisande. It is the Loyalist-dominated military that invade Moon Guard Stronghold and are the military muscle of Elisande. Yet even within the Duskwatch sympathizers and undercover rebels can be found such as Silgryn and Vanthir, Arluin, Cyrille, Lorin and Sylessa who carry on the fight to save Suramar with a tenacity that outstrips their over-zealous colleagues. The citizens: These are the vast majority, nobles and non-alike who do not want the Legion around but are too afraid to speak out against them openly after Thalyssra's failed coup. While the nobles continue to vie for position and standing, too many for comfort turn a blind eye to the suffering of their kin, so as not to be found out of favor with the Grand Magistrix. This is the motivator that keeps them all but a few nobles in line. The non-elites in contrast are overworked, threatened with imprisonment or exile, or worse kidnapped to feed the terrible soul engines of the Burning Legion. They are given rations of the vital arcwine, the nourishment their bodies cannot do without to keep them obedient and in line to meet the burdensome whims and quotas of the Legion. Where once there was plenty for all, hunger now gnaws and bites at the people, continuing this strategy to force their compliance through fear of not having arcwine, thus beginning their dependence into the Withered State. These are the hearts Ly'leth Lunastre and the resistance seek to stir into open opposition against the legion by reminding them of their noble night elven heritage. The Resistance: The group that opposes Grand Magistrix Elisande's decision to align the nightborne with the Legion; they fight to put an end to the new allegiance before it becomes irreversible and seals the nightborne and Suramar to an irreversible and irredeemable fate. Through stealth and subterfuge at first, they fight in the hope of building enough support and strength to fully assault the Palace and drive out the evil before it takes root. Their main headquarters is outside in the hidden sanctum and refuge for outcasts, Shal'aran, an abandoned cave in the ruins of Melidor. Here they are utilizing all the resources of the zone in partnership with the other nightfallen of the land to liberate the city. The resistance seeks to bring Elisande to justice and eradicate the Legion, thus saving both Suramar and Azeroth and returning the Nightwell's use for good, not evil. The Felsworn/Felborne: Fel infusion has become all the rage among those eager to please the Legion; Lady Ly'leth declares that there is no redeeming these traitors, as she directs the rebellion to hunt them down in the city. The nightborne that have pledged undying loyalty to the Grand Magistrix are now indirectly in the service of the Legion and have to do anything in their power to ensure the Legion's goals are accomplished. They flaunt their newly gained powers lording it over their peers in a bid for more power but find themselves unwelcome and with few friends even amongst the noble elite. They are however feared by all which some find desirable thus given a wide berth by elite and non-elite alike. There is also an exiled faction under Prince Ael'Yith at the Ley-Ruins of Zarkhenar. The full horror of the Legion occupation is unfolded as you progress, despite allying with these people, the legion use them to fuel their soul engines and devices, some have rightly risen in outrage, but too many are cowed for fear of losing access to their food source and exiled to become withered. Seeing what needs to be done, the resistance aims to help and stir the people up against their occupiers, Thalyssra "I would rather die than be a puppet for the legion." Yet despite Grand Magistrix Elisande's decision to accept the Legion's ultimatum, and some of the cruelty exhibited by the loyalists, some measure of justice is meted out. A nightborne noble is thrown out for punishing her servants too much. Iadreth is not happy about it. These night elves have become vain and haughty once more, but there is also no small measure of genuine nobility, valor, good sense, and righteousness amongst them; in other words there is hope for them still, though it varies per group and per person. Not quite the idyllic lawful good that is easily obvious among the kaldorei night elves, but enough to make the shal'dorei night elves quite far from a lost cause. The night elves of Suramar don't treat magic callously or lightly, though they used it extensively for everything to the point of being further changed to nightborne. It wasn't the wanton and often gluttonous or abusive use that characterized Azshara's era. Despite the elven love for magic, they did require its use for their survival and thus magic is seen to be employed for everything but also evident is the abundant respect for the source they entirely rely on for life. When they are not all evil and reckless or self destructive elves do show an incredible capacity to honor their sources of life, wonder and magical power they rely on and use. Oculeth's statement: "Respect magic, or it will break you." Besides arcwine, the nightborne also favored mana gems as magical "snacks". The nightborne are a group of kaldorei Highborne transformed into a new race by the power of the Nightwell. They represent the ancient night elf culture from when they were the rulers of the world, before they abandoned arcane for druidism. Though they use the night elven names, themes, and castes of the original ancient night elven culture along with its traditions, the nightborne speak an offshoot of the ancient elvish language. "Magic has long been a vice of the elves. It shaped us, and lifted us out of the darkness - but without balance, it also threatens to unmake us. The shal'dorei are too proud to admit it, but they are the product of indulgence. They live without harmony. But I sense potential among the Nightfallen. Losing everything has humbled them. It has made them stronger. Stay the course hero. Help the Nightfallen rise up." Nightborne and the Moon Guard night elves. The destructive effect of Grand Magistrix Elisande's allegiance with Legion continues in the attack on Moon Guard Stronghold as the interaction between the city group and their surrounding country counterparts continues with the arcane Moon Guard group. Here the night elven elite mages experience contrasting experiences with the nightborne loyalists and the Nightfallen Resistance. Quest Zealot's Dues surmises the Loyalists corruption and had this to say "Commander Domitille represents the very essence of the nightborne's corruption. Abhorrent of power not their own, enamored with their Grand Magistrix to the point of zealotry, and focused utterly on the destruction of the Moon Guard.. Take her helm to Lothrius Mooncaller as proof of her demise." This is not a reference to physical or magical but to moral corruption of loyalists who are overzealous in carrying out Elisande's orders. One other guard remarks. The night elves involved range from the Moon Guard survivors who were ambushed by the Loyalist Nightborne on mission on behalf of their legion masters. Thalrenus Rivertree, a night elf of the Guard had this to say (Quest) Fate of the Guard. The nightborne came to our gates hours after the shield over Suramar fell. We thought them friends, despite our long separation. We were wrong. They poured into our stronghold and began the slaughter. We were unprepared. Though we fought, we were beaten. The keep is lost. Our leaders have perished and their corpses lay in the streets. Find them, give them their final rites. " - later Thalrenus is taken in by the nightborne rebellion with the surviving Moon Guard remnant, where he no doubts discovers the truth behind the attack, the legion, and joins the rebellion in driving them from Suramar, freeing the nightborne his ancient kin and avenging the loss of his brothers. The nightborne forces can be seen arrogantly yelling: "Wipe this place of their inferior magics. The Moon Guard is finished." Despite the loud boast, the Moon Guard remnant seem to be much more effective against the nightborne loyalist invaders than they against them, but superior numbers win the day. The Moon Guard survivors find welcome, sanctuary under the wings of the nightborne rebellion where they assist in the efforts to end the madness. Nightborne and Nighteyes. Nighteyes is a druid that is shocked at what the nightborne loyalists have started doing, using magical devices to trap animals and take them back to the Zoo, whiles this is not the same outrage as D.E.H.T.A has against Nesingwary, these are elves, and night elves at that, the standard is higher. Nighteyes remarks "... have they fallen so far whiles they were under the shield all this time..." he would soon realize thankfully not all nightborne are like that, but it is clear not all nightborne have the high standards the night elves hold themselves to the nature. Nighteyes finds himself. Night elven druidic refugees from Val'sharah join their nightborne refugee counterparts who have fled Suramar City, finding the haven in Shal'aran and assisting in the efforts against the Legion in Suramar. Whiles the Resistance welcomes the night elves with open arms, the view is not shared by Elisande and those loyal to her. When the kaldorei armies amass in support of the rebellion, Elisande remarks "Kaldorei? You disgrace a glorious past, hiding in trees and cloaking yourselves in false piety. You have grown as savage as the trolls that skulk about your forests.", and of the Highborne "Quel'dorei? You are peasants playing at nobility, all too willing to mingle with lesser races that dilute your bloodline. You are unworthy of the name high elves." Like the Highborne of House Shen'dralar introduced in Cataclysm, there is very little interaction between the blood elves and the new night elven group the nightborne until the final assault against the Nighthold is about to begin. The blood elves would find some familiarity in the Highborne-based culture of the pre-Sundering night elves on display in the nightborne of Suramar as theirs, though different, was built off that. The blood elves joined the allied force of the Alliance and Horde under the direction of the Resistance in the final assault on the Nighthold. Some blood elves have great sympathy for the nightborne and understand their situation with a genuine desire to help. Grand Magister Rommath said that the battle for the liberation of Suramar is of enormous importance to the elf-kind future. Silgryn: "These blood elves are battle-hardened and disciplined. Their strength will be most useful." Victoire: "These blood elves have some formidable magic. Let us hope it is enough to counter the might of the Nightwell." Elisande: "Sin'dorei? Of all the elves, I thought you might understand the choice I made to save my people. Instead, you ally with misfits and monsters. [...] Each of you has debased your proud lineage. Each of you has forgotten the ancient power that is our birthright." Grand Magister Rommath explained that the blood elven blood knights and magisters will form the core of the assault, striking true into the heart of the city. Nightborne civilian noble and military champion. Fal'dorei — A race of former elves found in Suramar twisted into spider-like creatures. Fel-corrupted fal'dorei can be found in the Cathedral of Eternal Night. Felborne — Nightborne who have fully embraced the fel energies of the Burning Legion, turning their eyes green and their skin lighter with a green taint. Nightfallen — Outcast nightborne elves that have been cut off from the nourishment of the Nightwell due to being exiled from Suramar City and have begun to wither into a state of withdrawal. Withered — Nightfallen who could not find sources of arcane to feed their starvation. The nightborne's story -- that of a magic-addicted race of Highborne elves, dependent on a Well of nourishment, whose leader betrayed them to the Burning Legion -- is very reminiscent of the story of the blood elves, something that is even acknowledged in-universe. The nightborne also share a physical resemblance to the drow of Dungeons And Dragons, though it is mostly superficial as the nightborne, while aesthetically calling to mind the classic "dark elf" fantasy, in several ways play to the opposite of the drow's prevailing attitudes and stereotypes, with an areligious society and a lack of defined gender roles. Rather than a disposable enemy race, they are a very divided people with a significant population of innocents, and the race as a whole made a turn for the better at the climax of the Suramar arc. The fal'dorei are also a clear reference to the driders of D&D. Nightborne females at BlizzCon 2015. It can take up to as much as 50 days for nightfallen to turn into withered. While the nightfallen state is reversible with Arcan'dor fruits, currently there is no coming back from Withered. Nightborne reuse most night elf animations, except for the standing animation. Elisande and Spellblade Aluriel are female nightborne that don't have the characteristic upward pointing ears as other nightborne but have ears that are the same shape as the ears on night elves. At BlizzCon 2015 the regular female nightborne shown also had ears that looked the same as night elves ears. Many "imperial" characters can be found in the ranks of the nightborne, including Arcbinders, Arcanists, Conjurers, Servants and Spellbreakers. These may all have been members of the Kaldorei Empire. Nightborne children are too young to be fed arcwine below a certain age. They subsist on 'mana juice' instead. Blood elves should be somewhat familiar with the struggles facing the Nightfallen, as they have recently transitioned from a state of arcane longing. Lady Liadrin and Grand Magister Rommath show great understanding and desire to help their "long-lost kindred" "Kaldorei" means "Children of the Stars" in Darnassian. It is thus possible that "shal'dorei" means "Children of Shadow" since Shalla'tor means "Shadow Render", or "Children of the Night" since shal'dorei are also called "Nightborne". Playable Nightborne in heritage armor. High Botanist Tel'arn has transformed himself to the point that he is scarcely recognizable as a nightborne elf. Nightborne Crest, with dusk lily. The Nightborne old Race icon. The Nightborne race icon from the Archaeology UI. Kaldorei banner found only in Suramar ruins, with the old race icon. The nightborne flag, based on the new symbol. ^ Suramar Intro: The in-game cinematic. ^ a b World of Warcraft Legion: Suramar City Zone: Child audio. This page was last edited on 12 January 2019, at 16:50.
0.962608	In Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society's final lecture of 2012–2013, there was standing room only at Gatehouse of Fleet Community Centre on Saturday, 13 April, when 135 people turned up to hear the results of the Galloway Picts Project. This major archaeological excavation of Trusty's Hillfort, just outside Gatehouse of Fleet, was undertaken by the Society last summer to mark its 150th anniversary. Over a two-week period of glorious weather, the hillfort was excavated with the assistance of professional archaeologists from GUARD Archaeology Ltd and over 60 local and international volunteers. Trusty's Hillfort has always been known to be an unusual site, possessing Pictish carvings cut into the living rock at the entrance to the fort. High definition laser scanning undertaken as part of the excavation showed these to be of a style consistent with the construction of the fort around 600 AD. Remarkably, too, the Society found a rock-cut pool at the fort entrance, eerily similar to Dunadd in Argyll, the known capital of Dal Riada, a contemporary Dark Age Gaelic Kingdom, where an entrance pool and Pictish carvings, again far from the Pictish homeland, are also found. Similar outlier carvings have also been found at Edinburgh Castle Rock, once the capital of another Dark Age Kingdom, that of the Goddodin, the Britons of south-east Scotland. Other exciting finds included recycled Roman Samian pottery and E-ware pottery from post-Roman Empire Gaul; a spinning whorl and an iron pin, probably a cloak pin, with a thistle head almost exactly matching a mould found at Mote of Mark. Was the pin made there? Perhaps the most remarkable find to emerge was what looked at first sight a small thick rusty disc but which turned out to be a beautiful horse harness decoration. There were even traces of leather still on the back! Extensive radiocarbon dating confirmed that the fort was inhabited from the fifth to the late sixth centuries AD, coming to a violent and fiery end around 600 AD, at the time the Northumbrians moved into Galloway and the Kingdom of Rheged disappeared from history. What this excavation has revealed is that Trusty's Hill was a royal stronghold at the heart of the Dark Age Kingdom of Rheged, that was pre-eminent amongst the kingdoms of the north during the late sixth century AD. It was in this kingdom, at Whithorn in the Machars and Kirkmadrine in the Rhinns, that Christianity and literacy is first apparent in Scotland. These sites, along with fortified strongholds like Mote of Mark near Rockcliffe and Trusty's Hill itself, were well connected with continental Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean at a time when much of Britain was isolated, fragmented and barbaric. The evidence from Trusty's Hill indicates that it was perhaps here that the very idea of kingship in Scotland was first developed. Rheged, for so long a lost kingdom, thought to be somewhere in South-west Scotland or North-west England, can now for the first time be fixed to the ground, not in Cumbria or Lancashire or Dumfriesshire, but in Galloway. For there is clear archaeological evidence now for pre-eminent secular and ecclesiastical sites in Galloway during the fifth to early seventh centuries AD, unmatched anywhere else in Scotland and Northern England. said DGNHAS President Francis Toolis. Although the excavation itself is now over, analysis of finds by specialists continues, with fresh discoveries being posted on the project website. In addition, a new leaflet, Discover Dark Age Galloway, has been printed, promoting many of the Dark Age sites that survive in Dumfries and Galloway. The leaflet is free and will soon be available from outlets across the region, such as the Mill of the Fleet, the Whithorn Story Visitor Centre, local museums and tourist information centres. The Galloway Picts Project is supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund, the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, GUARD Archaeology Ltd, the Mouswald Trust, the Hunter Archaeological Trust, the Strathmartine Trust Sandeman Award, the Gatehouse Development Initiative and the John Younger Trust.
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0.998913	There are 12 of these contained in the sap of Aloe Vera: Aloin, Isobarbaloin, Anthracene, Emodin, Ester of Cinnamic acid, Chrysophanic acid , Barbaloin, Anthranol, Aloetic acid, Aloe Emodin, Ethereal oil and Resistannol. These act as natural laxatives, painkillers and analgesics, and they contain powerful antibacterial, antifungal and virucidal properties. muscle tissue. The human body requires 22 amino acids and needs 8 essential ones. Aloe Vera provides 20 of 22 required amino acids and 7 of 8 essential ones. Some of the most important enzymes in Aloe Vera are: Peroxidase Aliiase, Catalase, Lipase, Cellulase, Carboxypeptidase, Amylase and Alkaline phosphatase. Enzymes help to break down food and assist in digestion. Some enzymes help break down fats while others break down starches and sugars. Aloe Vera contains both monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most important types of sugars. They aid in proper digestion,maintain cholesterol levels, improve liver functions and promote the strengthening of bones. Sterols are important anti-inflammatory agents. Lupeol. These sterols contain antiseptic and analgesic properties. They also have pain killing properties similar to aspirin. This cellulose substance is found in the gel has no known medical properties except it posses the property of penetrating the human skin. have been used in detergents, foaming agents and contain antiseptic properties. Alexander the Great to overtake the island of Socotra for its rich supply of aloe vera plant. Alexander the Great then had his war wagons converted so that masses of fresh aloe could be taken into battle for the reason to heal his wounded soldiers. Mahometants of Egypt thought of Aloe Vera as a religious symbol, and they believed that the holy symbol hanging in the doorway would protect them from slanderous and evil influence. the Egyptians used the aloe Vera to make papyrus like scrolls as well as for treatment of tuberculosis. In ancient Egypt when a Pharoah died, the funeral ceremony was by invitation only with a price tag included : a pound of Aloes. Egyptians used the odorous mixture of Aloe and Myrrh for embalming and also placed it with the burial clothes. A man's wealth and esteem for the King were estimated by the number of pounds of aloes he brought. are succulents found in arid regions throughout the world. They each beneficial their own ways. But there is only one specie that has been recognized for millennia for its magically soothing abilities: ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER, the most potent of all the specie of aloes. Records of this plant exist on Sumerian clay tablets from early as 2200BC. Aloe cosmetics and medical benefits were prized by ancient civilizations of Egypt, China, Greece, Rome, India and Arabia.The Aloe Vera plant has been used in the fields of medicine and cosmetics for centuries. Ancient records show that medicinal properties and healing benefits of Aloe Vera plant has been know for over 5000 years . The bible mention the Aloe Vera plant in over a dozen passages, referring to it as the "bitter herb" . The biblical account of Christ's burial states that his body was anointed with bitter aloe. There is a substantial amount of history and documentation behind the aloe Vera plant. Early spanish missions had padres would dispense the healing aids. Some padres would carry an Aloe Vera plant up to 50 miles to comfort the sick. Aloes were always found in the mission's yards. During Christopher Columbus, second voyage to america in 1494, a letter was written by his doctor, Dr. Diego Alverez Chanca, said, " A species of Aloes we doctors use are growing in Hispaniola." Christopher Columbus once said " Four Vegetables are indispensable for the well being of man : Wheat, the grape, the olive, and the aloe. The first Nourishes him, the second raises his spirit, the third brings him harmony, and the fourth cures him. The island of Socotra which lies near the Horn of Africa, became known for its Aloe Vera plantations as early as 500 BC. the aloe produced was used for trade to other countries such as Tibet, India and China. The hindu people thought that aloe Vera grew in the garden of Eden and named it the " Silent Healer" . the Chinese doctors of old thought that aloe Vera had therapeutic properties so they called it " Harmonic remedy". In china the juice of Aloes was used to wipe out all rashes. The Russians called Aloe Vera " the Elixir of Longevity" . The native American Indians used Aloe for its emollient and rejuvenating powers. in Water and added to myrrh, was used in Biblical times for their highly perfected art embalming. goatskin bags. the bags were then set in the sun to dry and the Aloe would become powder. difference in the quality of different Aloe Vera plants and their processing before use. In the 7th century the Chinese Materia Medicas confirmed the uses of Aloe Vera for sinusitis and other skin conditions. In the 15th century, a time which heralded a massive explosion in exploration by the leading maritime powers , namely : Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, Britain. It was the Jesuit priest of Spain who were instrumental in the bringing Aloe Vera back to the new world as they called it, and it passed on to Central America, West Indies, California, Florida, and Texas. fresh. This hindered Aloe Vera's reputation in the medical community. Europe and North America's medical profession quit using Aloe Vera plant A and replaced it with drugs. The Scientists determined that the oxidation process hindered the healing properties of aloe Vera. It Caused the plant to loose quality and effectiveness, gradually leading to its lose of popularity in areas where it is not grown. its medicinal value. In 1970's there was a breakthroughin the processing techniques and they sucessfully STABILIZEDthe leaf gel by using natural ingredients and cold processing. they also found a way to separate the rind and the aloin. These new found techniques have created a new market for Aloe Vera.. As Aloe Vera ready supply of building materials to produce and maintain healthy, efficient cells.” A proper diet supplemented with Aloe Vera is an effective way to get these essential nutrients. is injured and blood begins to clot around the tissue to repair the injured tissue. Aloe Vera is a natural anti-inflammatory that is much more delicate on the human body. in recent years that studies have scientifically proven many of the medicinal benefits.of Aloe Vera. Aloe Vera has the ability to provide essential nutrients, kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeasts and reduce inflammation. Dr. Atherton claims, “Tissues that die and are renewed rapidly such as the lining of the gut, which renews itself about every four days, and the skin every 21 to 28 days or so. Botanists have identified at least 200-300 different types of Aloe Vera plants. Among the types of Aloe, only five have shown medical benefits: Aloe Barbadensis Miller, Aloe Perryi Baker, Aloe Ferox, Aloe Arborescens and Aloe Saponaria. Aloe Barbadensis Miller is the most widely used as well as the most potent. Indigenous to Africa, it is now grown all around the world specifically in warm and dry climates. Aloe grows to maturity is approximately four years, at which time the leaves begin to sprout. They taper to a point near the top of the plant, and the leaves have soft spines every few inches lining their silhouette.The Aloe Barbadensis Miller has about a 12-year life span. According to Dr. Peter Atherton in his book titled The Essential Aloe Vera. You’ve reached for aloe when you’ve spent too much time in the sun. You’ve seen it listed as a ingredient in many of your personal care products. Why should you drink Aloe Vera? Enjoy the benefits of aloe vera in several healthy varieties of fresh, stabilized aloe vera gel. The primary ingredient of all varieties is raw aloe vera gel, which provides a rich supplement to healthy nutrition. Drink any one of these on a daily basis to assist digestion and absorption of nutrients, to add vitamins, minerals and amino acids to your diet, and above all, to promote a good, healthy lifestyle. Article in this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent diseases. We cannot provide medical advice or specific advice on products related to treatments of a disease or illness. You must consult with your professional health care provider before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, and before taking, varying the dosage of or ceasing to take any medication.
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0.999512	Are you interested in sponsoring the Sport of Fencing? The Sport of Fencing has been around a long time, and is strong in the ACT. You could reach a very unique audience by becoming a sponsor! There are many way you or your company can reach out and tap into a new market. Branding opportunities exist for events such as the 2 day ACT Open or the Australian National fencing Championships, merchandising links, and signage.
0.985794	When I recently got to choose some items to review from Fundex games, I am not even going to lie. It took me like two hours to choose. I kept finding such cool stuff, and I just couldn't decide. They seriously have so many awesome games on their site. Should I choose games for the boys? Or hubs and I? Card games or board games? Games to play outside? What about games for the whole family? The possibilities were endless! I am so excited to be working with Fundex games and I can't wait to show you guys the games that we got to review! They all became fast favorites in our house! The first game we reveiwed was the one that has my little Tater head-over-heels in love! This is the PERFECT little boy game! It is called "What's In Ned's Head?" and it contains some really gross (FAKE) stuff, like fake vomit, bugs, dirty Q-tips, a rat, etc. This game is really simple for younger kids, which made it great for us! You put all the objects inside Ned's head. Then, each person draws a card with a "silly thing" on it. That is your silly thing that you will try to find! Then, all at the same time, you stick your hands in one of Ned's ears or nostrils (yummy!) and dig around to try to find your silly item. No looking! The first person to pull out the right item wins! If no one pulls out the right item on the first try, Ned is the winner! A really cool thing about this game is that it contains ten blank cards that you can use to add your own "silly things" from around the house. We tried to do this, and got a rock, and a candy wrapper. I had to turn down quite a few ideas for things to put in Ned's head ("Look Mom! We can use that dog poop in the yard! Oooh Here's a banana peel!"), but really, there are tons of things that you could use! VERDICT: Love Love LOVE this game! Perfect for little boys! Tater had no idea that he was actually using his sense of touch to play this game, and his memory! It was great to see him get so excited about all the "Yucky Stuff" inside Ned's Head! This game is definitely a winner around here! Next we got to review Uno: Family Guy! I knew this one would also be popular since Tater and his daddy are both big Family Guy fans! We have been wanting to teach Tater to play Uno for awhile, but he has never seemed interested. I knew it would be good for him, to teach not only colors and numbers, but matching and taking turns as well. VERDICT:Well, Peter Griffin on the cards did the trick! He has asked to play this Family Guy Uno game every day since it arrived! His favorite part is the special Stewie "OBEY ME!" card, which allows you to take over the game! Now, I think he is still a little young for Uno, the ages say from 7 and up, but he definitely got the just of it, and as long as we were all (very) patient, he did just fine! Now folks, this one was mom's favorite! This is the Chairs Stacking Game (with collectible tin).The ages on this game are 5 and up. That makes it perfect to play with the whole family! I really enjoyed this game and I also enjoyed that there are multiple ways to play! The first way to play is to decide on a number of rounds. (We played 5 rounds.) Each player starts by stacking up a chair on their turn, without letting them fall. If the stack of chairs falls on your turn, you must count one point for each chair that fell down on your turn. Then a new round starts. At the end of all the rounds, the player with the lowest number of points wins! The other way to play is to be the first player to get rid of all your chairs. I think this one was my favorite way to play! Each player gets the same number of chairs. If the stack falls on your turn, you have to TAKE each of the fallen chairs and add it to your pile. The game continues until one player runs out of chairs! VERDICT: A classic, definitely my favorite of the three! I like that the whole family can play this game, with no one feeling left out. There is no advantage to the younger or older players, everyone has to be just as careful as everyone else! Fundex games has so many more games, I could never tell you about all of them! There really is something for everyone! I will show you guys a few more of my favorites! To find out which Fundex games will be your family's favorites, just click here! A BIG thank you to Fundex Games for providing my family with some (much needed) quality time together! I am so happy to announce that Fundex Games is also kind enough to sponsor a great giveaway! We will have three winners! This is how it is going to work! I will use random.org to draw three names. The first name will be the winner of the "What's In Ned's Head Game", the second name will be the winner of the "Family Guy Uno Game", and the third name will be the winner of the "Chairs Game"! Go here to Fundex Games' site and let me know another game you would like to try! +1 extra entry PER DAY! Tweet about this giveaway/blog about it/post it on your facebook. Make sure to leave a link to this post, and then come back here. Leave a comment telling me where you posted. You can do this every day for one extra entry PER DAY! contest will end on 8/15/2011 at approx 11:59 pm. Winners will be chosen via random.org and will have 48 hours to claim their prize or an alternate winner will be chosen. Sponsor is responsible for shipment of prizes. Open to US residents. disclosure: I was provided with the above mentioned products in order to conduct a review. No monetary compensation was received, and all opinions are mine alone. i like the chinese checkers. we would LOVE the pinkalicious UNO, that's awesome! my daughter loves those books! signed up for shop it to me too! I love the hot potato game! What's In Ned's Head looks super fun! So does Alfredo's Food Fight and Booby Trap! When Pigs Fly would be another game I would like to try. My kids always liked Hot Potato and I'm sure that my grandkids would like to have it too. I tweeted today for an extra entry. My daughter would LOVE the Diary of a Wimpy kid- Scrabble. I love the John Deere Family Farm Board Game.Thanks! I like Fundex on FB as Leslie Luke Stanziani.Thanks! I follow Fundex on twitter as lstanziani.Thanks! I've always wanted to buy What's in Ned's Head, but since you reviewed it, Sketchy is my second choice. I liked Flip Out Mama and Fundex games On FaceBook. I Followed Flip Out Mama and Fundex games On Twitter. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Scrabble sounds perfect for my boys. The Peanut Butter and Jelly card game looks really cute! I like the cookin cookies game. I'd like to check out Sketchy!! From the site, I also liked the nature UNO :) Thanks for the giveaway! Would love to add bag ball to our collection...looks like lots of fun! the cookies game is cool! DONT TIP THIS WAITER IS GREAT! How cool, they make Peanuts Uno!! I would like to try When Pigs Fly! kassie_l_2010@hotmail.com Liked on facebook and commented! I liked the Diary of A Wimpy Kid Game. I like the UNO Family Guy. I would like to try Tumba. I follow fundex games on twitter as kmayans. All of the games look like fun! I loved Pick up Sticks as a kid...I cannot believe I haven't thought about that game until I visited the website. I know my 7 year old would love that! My 10 year old would LOVE Diary of a Wimpy Kid Scrabble. Thanks so much for the chance to win. Following on Twitter as gatoraims. Dont tip the Waiter looks like a real fun family game. I know my kids would like it, and they would def like the games in the sweep.
0.994556	What is this exhibition about? Ivana Basic’s latest show is a short course with viewers invited to experience the delicacy of life through a beautifully disturbing sculptural installation at Annka Kultys gallery. In the first solo exhibition, Throat Wanders Down the Blade, Ivana Basic’s scattered disposition of her sculptural creations challenge the visitor’s experience regarding the boundaries around the idea of space. Through an aesthetically pleasing variety of materials, Basic introduces the Bridle construction which represents a ‘character that embodies the tension of both the fundamental fragility of life as well as the violent force behind its suffocation’. Playing with an abstract approach to the sculptural figures, the New York-based artist interestingly employs the gallery’s space to highlight Bridle’s internal expression of the mental as well as emotional strain which is impressively reflected on the sculptures’ facet. Characteristically, the first captivating sculptural figure seems like a fragile ballerina’s body stretch while curving its silhouette on two long strips pointing out the physical form of these sculptures. In this remarkable composition of artworks, the artist also displays another installation whose metal bar not only tears two sculptural components apart but also forcefully punches them at their core suspended in a senseless state. At another level, Ivana Basic not only showcases abstracted sculptures but also aims to communicate her artistic practice which confronts an interplay between artworks, space and various materials. Furthermore, the spatial representation of this exhibition seeks a deeper interpretation from the visitor underlying the need for a creative interaction with these aesthetically weird pieces. In this respect, taking into account Basic’s creative attitude, an uncanny curatorial arrangement of the gallery’s interior space is also used to inhabit some more pieces which are related to Bridle’s concept. For instance, two more artistic elements of the exhibition consist significant parts of Bridle, the artist’s fanciful character. Particularly, there are seven glass air vessels hanged on the walls representing Bridle’s breath, while the presence of a book projects the voice of this character. Besides the visual stimulus, Basic also seeks the ability to excite the visitor’s other senses producing a state of increased engagement with the exhibition. Overall, it is a great show that you do not have to miss. Annka Kultys gallery’s exhibitions have been remarkable indications of creativity in the long-term vitality of the east London art scene.
0.999999	These files are responsible for the loading of customizations prior to screen load. Before detailing the code, let's discuss a bit about how error correction generally works. The error is: Error loading VBA Project HRESULT0x80040548 HRESULT 0x80040548 Help. I understand the OfficeToolkit takes the API and turns it into COM components that VBA can use, but when I try the following test I get a runtime error. Let's take a simple example: we have a dictionary with only three words of 4 letters: "this", "that" and "corn". Compute the erasure/error evaluator polynomial (from the syndromes and erasure/error locator polynomial). def rs_correct_errata(msg_in, synd, err_pos): # err_pos is a list of the positions of the errors/erasures/errata '''Forney algorithm, computes the values (error magnitude) to correct the input message.''' # calculate errata locator you could check here The light gray areas are fixed patterns which do not encode any information. Here is a function that implements extended synthetic division of GF(2^p) polynomials (extended because the divisor is a polynomial instead of a monomial): def gf_poly_div(dividend, divisor): '''Fast polynomial division by using The file should be located in the \vbadirectory under the Solomon IV directoryGood Luck,Bobby ScottOmnivue-----Original Message-----When attempting to go into customize mode on a solomonscreen as the system administrator I get To run this code in Python, first start IDLE, Python's integrated development environment. If not, the syndromes contain all the information necessary to determine the correction that should be made. This is known as erasure correction. Return to the prompt and type the lines following >>> below. >>> from qr import * >>> qr_decode_format(int("000111101011001",2)) # no errors 3 >>> qr_decode_format(int("111111101011001",2)) # 3 bit-errors 3 >>> qr_decode_format(int("111011101011001",2)) # In Python 2.6+, consider using bytearray gf_log = * 256 def init_tables(prim=0x11d): '''Precompute the logarithm and anti-log tables for faster computation later, using the provided primitive polynomial.''' # prim is Naively, we might attempt to use the normal definitions for these operations, and then mod by 256 to keep results from overflowing. RS decoding Decoding outline Reed-Solomon decoding is the process that, from a potentially corrupted message and a RS code, returns a corrected message. Data bits are read starting from the lower-right corner and moving up the two right-hand columns in a zig-zag pattern. We will provide real-world examples taken from the popular QR code barcode system as well as working code samples. We will describe each of those five steps below. Thus, every element of the field except zero is equal to some power of α. It only occurred on the server, theworkstations worked correctly.Resolved by running the vba6.msi installer and rebootingthe server. How would i go about correcting that? Powered by Blogger. For example, to install the English language components, use \Prerequisites\VB65\1033\VBAOF11.msi. The solution described below is much more compact. microsoft.public.solomon Discussion: Error initializing VBA (too old to reply) Nick 2004-09-15 20:46:38 UTC PermalinkRaw Message When attempting to go into customize mode on a solomonscreen as the system administrator I get that is VBA Delete it. The basic idea (ie, using a limited words dictionary with maximum separability) is the same, but since we will encode longer words (256 bytes instead of 2 bytes), with more symbols The first three bytes are 01000000 11010010 01110101. But once one user gets the message on the Journal Transaction entry window - all users get it afterwards regardless if they are in Initialize Mode or not. Proceed in this up-and-down fashion all the way to the left side of the symbol (skipping over the timing pattern where necessary). vine.co/v/56Zp1FFAbeA 3weeksago Blogroll Jeff Trotman's profile on Microsoft Dynamics Community jefftrotman.com Microsoft Dynamics SL Community Team Home Westglenn blog Top Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com.
0.938451	How do you tell the difference between otters and mink? American mink have spread rapidly across Britain since they first escaped from fur farms 50 years ago. Now firmly established along rivers and lakes, these newcomers can easily be mistaken for otters, since both are long and slender with short legs and long tails. So how do you tell them apart? What can I look for in water? A swimming otter is mostly submerged and creates a broad, U-shaped wave on the surface with its nose. What can I look for on land? Otters leave prominently placed spraints on regular territory-marking spots, such as waterside logs and rocks. Otter spraints are messy smudges with a distinct, not unpleasant smell, and contain bones and fish scale remains. Tracks are usually at least 2cm wide (wider than your thumbprint). Habitat: Otters can be found beside rivers, streams and lakes, mostly in north and west England and Wales. Also found along the west coast of Scotland. Shy and mainly nocturnal, though coastal otters can be seen during the day. Size: Mink are about the same size as ferrets, which makes them significantly smaller than otters, with a length of 30-45cm and a tail of 15-25cm on top. The greatest difference is in their bulk, as the largest male mink only weigh a little over 1.5kg, while otters average 7-12kg and can be even heavier. What can I look for in water? A mink swims higher out of the water than an otter, so the whole length of its back is often visible. It creates a narrow, V-shape wave on the surface with its nose. What can I look for on land? Mink deposit scats in similar locations to otters. They are 3cm long, black, smell distinctly nasty and contain fur, feathers and bones. Their tracks are barely 1cm wide (narrower than your thumbprint). Habitat: Mink are found beside rivers, streams and lakes over most of lowland England and Wales. They can also be found along areas of the Scottish coast. Mink are bolder than otters and can be seen day and night.
0.937284	How can I start an effective mentorship program at my company? What, exactly, do you aim to achieve through mentorship? “It generally comes down to retaining employees, improving employee satisfaction or increasing sales and productivity,” Bunt says. 2. Be a careful matchmaker. This might seem like a no-brainer, but it’s not as simple as asking supervisors to mentor their subordinates. Figure out how prospective mentees learn, Bunt says, then find the right mentors for their learning styles. 3. Keep a close watch.
0.971595	The Dodecahedron represents all the aspects of the SPACE and is connected with the Crown Chakra, which bold the energies of meditation, awareness, awakening and higher consciousness. It is and expression of life and consciousness, allowing us to go beyond the physical vibrations of the body and to reconnect with the higher vibration of our true nature. What zodiac signs represent SPACE element? The element of Space is the first of the five great elements. It comes first because it is the most subtle of the elements. The Space personality has qualities, based more on the absence of its opposing quality than on the actual quality itself. Space people are light because they lack the heaviness created by earth and water personality. They are also subtle because they lack the profound presence of the more obvious elements. Furthermore, the Space personality remains the most expansive of other elements. Without form or boundaries, Space people have no limits in whatever they venture into. Because of their expansive quality, Space is the cause of differentiation. Sterling silver tarnishes, especially when exposed to salt air and products containing sulphur. However, silver that is worn regularly used typically needs less care, so we encourages you to use or wear it everyday!
0.797375	News: How brilliant is Alexis Sánchez? • Sánchez's 12 Serie A strikes that campaign included four in a February 2011 encounter with Palermo, making him the first player to score four in an away game in Italy's top flight. • Hit his Camp Nou peak in his third season, scoring 19 in the Liga in 2013/14 (and 21 in all competitions) under Gerardo Martino. • Trophies eluded him in that campaign, though. Real Madrid beat Barcelona in the Copa del Rey final; and while Sánchez's stunning volley in the last-day showdown with Atlético put his team in sight of another title, Diego Godín levelled to give it to the side led by Sánchez's one-time River Plate coach Diego Simeone. • Blaugrana fans voted his classy lob against Madrid in 2013 as the best Clásico goal ever in a poll on the club's website, pipping efforts from Lionel Messi, Ronaldinho, Diego Maradona and Romário. • Became the first player to register hat-tricks in the Premier League, Serie A and the Liga when he bagged three at Leicester City in September 2015. • Scored in both finals as Arsenal won the FA Cup in 2015 and 2017. • Is now the Chilean with the most UEFA Champions League outings (48) and goals (13). • Raised in an impoverished Chilean mining town, Tocopilla, from age six he earned money by washing cars, performing somersaults and boxing in the street. "His background is what makes him so hungry to succeed," said his brother Humberto. "He knows how lucky he is to be where he is and never forgets where he comes from." • Tocopilla's mayor presented Sánchez, then 15, with his first pair of football boots. "As happy as a dog with two tails", he later paid to restore five junior football pitches close to where he grew up, and regularly returns with boots and balls for local children in the port town (dubbed 'Devil's Corner' by locals). • Nicknamed 'Ardilla' (Squirrel) as a youngster for his willingness to climb trees and buildings to retrieve lost balls. • Slotted the clinching penalty against Argentina as Chile won the Copa América for the first time in 2015; struck three times and was named player of the tournament as La Roja retained the title in 2016. "I take no responsibility for his development because he did it himself," said Chile boss Marcelo Bielsa. "It's me who is grateful to him." • Loves his golden retrievers Atom and Humber – named respectively after a fictional robot and his brother. "They are great friends," he said. "I actually have their names written on my football boots." The dogs are social media stars, their dedicated Instagram profile having amassed more than 150,000 followers. "I always wanted to be one of the best players in the world – I've been saying that since I was a little boy. I will slow down after I retire, but for the time being I will carry on like this." "Playing barefoot gave me my style – running with little jumps – because I was dodging rocks." "People ask me if I analyse defenders or teams that I face. The answer is no, because good things are meant to come out in the spur of the moment. That's the way it is – things just happen." "It would be a dream to appear in the movies, either as a detective – you know, smart, well-dressed, pistol, cool attitude – or as one of those lads who works at NASA and knows about everything." • Become Chile's most capped player; he and goalkeeper Claudio Bravo are tied on 119 appearances at the top of the leaderboard. He is already his nation's top marksman with 39 goals. • Lift a major European trophy; he landed the 2011 UEFA Super Cup with Barcelona, but has yet to reach one of the two big finals.
0.973593	When it comes to buying power tools, there are several things you need to know. A power tool is an extension of your hand, and so you need a tool that you can efficiently work with, without causing you additional stress. Also, you need to ensure that you are getting a tool that will suit the intended purpose. There are many things you can consider unless you are in the market for Makita tools. If not, here are just a few things to check before you make a purchase. When it comes to buying power tools, as a customer, you will want them to last for a lifetime. However, this is not always the possibility especially if you are a heavy user of the tool. The power tool needs to serve you for an extended period, and the only way to be sure of this is to check on the warranties, you can also check product reviews. Always keep in mind though that the longer the life of the tool, the more money you will spend on it. I think that the saying, “You get what you pay for.” is very likely to come true when it comes to buying tools. When it comes to buying power tools, the price is one thing that you will have to consider. Depending on the job you are having, you can choose to purchase power tools that are disposable, i.e. with a short life. These are very affordable. If you are a contractor and you intend to use the power tool for a long time, then you will have to buy a power tool with a long life which will cost you more money. It is always wise to do comparison shopping to be sure that you are getting an affordable power tool with no quality compromise. Consider buying reputable brands at all times, this way you can be sure of its sound quality and affordability. When buying power tools, it is wise to consider purchasing a power tool with multiple uses. Be it that you are purchasing a corded or cordlesspower tool, always consider buying an instrument that comes with various bits that are interchangeable. You can accomplish several tasks with the same device which means that you can save money. When buying power tools, you also have to consider your safety. Safety should come first regardless of the quality, price, or brand. The device should come with a user manual that lists precautionary measures to use to avoid injury. Also, to be sure of your safety, use a tool for its recommended purpose. By buying Makita power tools, you can be sure of your safety. They manufacture tools and small machines with high standard safety features. As long as you use the devices appropriately, your safety is guaranteed.
0.999926	"Scientists have discovered a gene which may help explain the causes of mental illness," according to BBC News. The gene, called ABCA13, was reported to be only partially active in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression". The Daily Telegraph and BBC News covered this story and generally gave a balanced account. However, the BBC's headline - "'Mental illness gene' discovered by Scots scientists" - may suggest that the gene studied is the sole or primary gene for mental illness. There are likely to be many different genes, as well as environmental factors, that contribute to different psychiatric disorders. They found that it disrupted the actions of the ABCA13 gene, which had not previously been thought to be associated with psychiatric illness. The gene contains instructions for making the ABCA13 protein, which transports compounds across membranes in the cell. The researchers then ran tests to see whether this gene normally was "switched on" (producing the ABCA13 protein) within the cells of human and mouse brains. The researchers found that the ABCA13 gene was switched on in mouse and human brains, supporting the theory that a mutation in the gene could play a role in psychiatric illnesses. They identified 10 different "single-letter" variations in the gene's code that would lead to changes in the ABCA13 protein and which were not common in the controls.
0.989463	One of the worst feelings in the world is that feeling of guilt that comes after leaving your dog at home. When you walk out the door and your pet looks at you with those big, sad eyes you cannot help but feel some amount of guilt. But you shouldn't have to feel guilty all the time, there are plenty of dog-friendly restaurants in NYC to bring your 4-legged pal. It's all in the name–The Barking Dog is one of the most dog-friendly restaurants in NYC. This Upper-East Side joint offers a wide variety of comfort foods such as pancakes, salads and sandwiches for you and a special water-fountain for your dog. It's open for breakfast, lunch and dinner (plus, a fully-stocked bar if you're over 21) so you can dine with your pup all day long. The Madison Square Park Shake Shack is the original location for the popular burger chain and it's also dog-friendly. Sit outside at this location and hack the Shake Shack menu while spending time with your furry friend. Not only is the Boat Basin Cafe located on the Hudson River, but it is in close vicinity to many dog parks. After playing in the park with your pup, head down to the Boat Basin Cafe and enjoy the breath-taking waterfront views and their signature salmon burger. This Upper West Side restaurant is known for its impressive brunch menu, filled with all of your favorite comfort foods. But they serve more than just brunch, Fred's is a dog-friendly restaurant in NYC that serves breakfast, lunch and dinner. They also have a happy hour from 5-7pm on weekdays, yet another reason to grab your pooch and head on down to Fred's and enjoy some $5 beers. Your dog's favorite place may be the park, but you're certainly going to love going to The Park–a restaurant with a lengthy cocktail menu. Serving lunch, dinner, and a special brunch menu on weekends, The Park is a go-to restaurant if you want to dine with your pup. I'm going to be honest, d.b.a isn't actually a restaurant. I can, however, confirm that d.b.a is one of the most dog-friendly bars that you're going to find in NYC. Some of the bartenders at d.b.a actually carry dog treats in their pockets, and they're constantly changing their menu of craft beers on tap. d.b.a offers the perfect atmosphere to enjoy a casual drink outside with your pup. The name Bistro Chat Noir may translate to The Black Cat Bistro, but this French-American restaurant is definitely dog friendly. Though the menu may be one of the pricier ones on this list, Bistro Chat Noir offers the perfect upscale atmosphere to enjoy with your pet. Barbuto offers exceptional Italian food, and one of the most beautiful outdoor, sidewalk seating situations in NYC. Enjoy one of their many pizzas or pastas (or both, no judgement), a glass of wine, and some quality people watching with your dog. Fresh Salt has plenty of dog-friendly tables along the sidewalk. Enjoy one of their many cocktails such as the spicy watermelon margarita, and comfort foods such as homemade hummus and mac-and-cheese– all alongside your pup. Serving breakfast, lunch and dinner, Cornelia offers French-American comfort foods 7 days per week and it's incredibly homey. They offer homemade dog treats for your pet as well. But Cornelia Street Cafe offers even more than that–it's known as a neighborhood landmark and regularly hosts poetry readings, art showings, and live music. There is no bad time to visit Cookshop. It's open for breakfast, lunch and dinner on weekdays, brunch and dinner on the weekends. Any time of day, Cookshop offers remarkable American cuisine as well as lots of outdoor pet friendly seating in the summer months. There are plenty of dog-friendly restaurants in NYC that will suit you and your pet's needs. Regardless of what you're in the mood for, you'll never have you leave your pet at home again. So grab your dog and a bite–guilt free.
0.999981	I like your glass of water analogy about autism. Can you describe your experience with other people as viewing autism with a strictly positive or strictly negative lens? My experience here is prone to selection-bias, but you can read on forums and social media about some people on the spectrum who perceive autism to be the next evolutionary stage of humanity due to our abilities such as intelligence, enhanced senses, and better decision-making (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/28635378/). What I see more commonly are individuals who post about how they “hate autism” or “hate being autistic,” and I think this is due to misattribution, because they often elaborate about the type of problems in their life: not being successful, lacking direction, not being able to get a girlfriend, difficulties being social, being bullied, etc., and they attribute these issues to autism. Sometimes it’s a matter of “hey your attitude is REALLY negative, and you would still have these problems even if you weren’t autistic,” and sometimes it’s a matter of “even if you were not autistic, your life would still be imperfect, you would still have other issues you would be dealing with.” So the point I wanted to make is “OK, maybe you have these problems, it doesn’t matter WHY you have them, instead lets focus on HOW to solve them and improve your quality of life,” which is why I said in my post that you can’t just ignore the good or the bad, you have to observe things as they are, without the filters we subconsciously apply to our perspectives. This is a tough question for me because I feel like there are many major issues with neurotypical autism advocacy, but they all ultimately stem from not including diverse autistic voices and opinions in their work. The new Netflix series Atypical was criticized for not including autistic voices in its creative process, instead a professor (who was not on the spectrum) was consulted. As a result, some have noted that the symptoms seem really overplayed and stereotypical. I have not seen the series yet, so I’ll reserve further judgment. The other major mistake is when organizations perpetuate autistic stereotypes and focus exclusively on young, often nonverbal kids who are incapable of growth. The anti-vaccine movement didn’t arise in a vacuum; it arose because people feared their child having autism more than dying of a preventable disease. We need to demystify autism by showing how it varies individually, and can’t be contained in a stereotype. We need to push higher-functioning individuals on the spectrum to stretch and grow. What’s the most important thing parents can do for their children on the spectrum (both young and older)? There are several crucially important things parents can do, and my mom is the ultimate role model for this question, so I’ll use her to explain what she did that was so right: she recognized early on that there was a problem, and despite autism being relatively unknown and doctors being stumped initially, she did not stop searching until she found the answers, and then she did something about them by taking me to ST, OT and PT. She was my biggest advocate for when I was mistreated by caregivers and bullied. She would demand new caregivers, and argue with the principal not to accept being bullied as a part of childhood, and, when that failed, she moved so I could go to a different school. She always supported me and accepted me for who I was; she always told me that “normal” wasn’t a thing, so I shouldn’t feel bad for not being normal. One thing she didn’t know to do that’s important for older kids is to get them to strive to achieve more. If they are struggling with a subject, encourage them to practice more instead of allowing them to feel like they are inherently bad at a subject. Regularly encourage them to step outside their comfort zone to try new things.
0.976971	What Can I Do for a Loved One Who Has Depression? If you know someone who is depressed, it affects you too. The most important thing you can do is help your friend or relative get a diagnosis and treatment. You may need to make an appointment and go with him or her to see the doctor. Encourage your loved one to stay in treatment, or to seek different treatment if no improvement occurs after 8 weeks. To help your friend or relative, offer emotional support, understanding, patience, and encouragement.
0.999985	Dreaming about tomatoes Dream of seeing tomatoes. Dreaming about tomatoes in general, without any additional details or other specific recollections, could signify growing feelings of guilt and remorse as a result of being involved in a secret affair or episodes of cheating and adultery. However, if they were envisioned as healthy plants with ripe red tomatoes, it could also be an indication of happiness and harmony inside the relationship with someone special, which could imply that the secrets about outside affairs are well-kept. Increasing quantities of bread I went to my former school and was eager to meet some people I played soccer with, but whilst looking for these people, I bought some kind of bread and this bread became so much as more people around me were also eating it. The food never finished, but became more appealing to the eyes. This dream vision starts our positively but does contain a warning as well. Dreaming of bread that seems to be never-ending portends being happy and content with your life, especially as you get older. You are likely to have more than enough of everything you need, giving you a chance to share your bounty with others. However, playing soccer in this vision can represent the presence of someone who would like to prevent you from reaching this state, either because they want it for themselves or just out of spite. You should be wary of people who may seem to be excessively interested in your financial goals and personal welfare. Finding and eating eggs I was running around a strange fancy house and it was like I HAD to find these eggs and eat them raw, but the one I ate turned black in my mouth and I spat it out. All the eggs where white. I would really like to know what this means. This vision is primarily concerned with your future goals and ambitions. Specifically, being in an unfamiliar but well-furnished abode suggests that now is the time to act and reach for the stars. However, despite the timing being right, taking a chance like this is still a gamble. The white eggs you are searching for represent the health and happiness you seek, but the rotten egg you happened to consume could portend a possible bad result if you are unlucky. A toast A toast Seeing toast in dreams can symbolize different things, depending on the appearance of the bread. Lightly toasted, delicious-looking toast could represent unity and closeness among the members of your family, meaning you are likely to experience improved understanding between you and other members of household. On the other hand, burnt toast could be interpreted as an ominous sign that you might be attending a funeral in the near future. Food appearing from the sky at will I saw a square UFO-type craft flying above the city and after that, having dinner with friends, anytime someone said the name of a food, it fell from the sky on top of their heads... Weird. Dreaming about a UFO or another strange, unrecognizable flying object could represent receiving some unwelcome, disheartening information about yourself or someone within your family. It is likely something which was hidden from you by those you trusted, which only adds salt to the wound. However, envisioning food which suddenly appears out of nowhere suggests that this secret was kept with the best of intentions and that your family and friends only want the best for you. A woman offering fresh milk A woman giving me fresh milk. Dreams about fresh milk are most often related to feelings of nostalgia, a subconscious longing to go back to simpler, happier times. Be it a childhood friend or a particular place from your past that you have fond memories of, you might want to reach out, go back and reconnect. It could be an enriching and beneficial experience for you. Picking peppers Dreaming of picking peppers Depending on the context, this dream could have several meanings. If you envisioned yourself picking peppers growing on a plant, it means that you are currently preoccupied with saving money and being budget-minded. You could be trying to save every penny to make your household more money-efficient. If you dreamed about picking peppers from a store shelf or at the market, it could predict having to deal with people who would make you feel irritated, uncomfortable or tired, these could be some unexpected guests or salespeople showing up at your door uninvited or when you least expect it to happen. Dividing the shrimp up My dream was about my deceased grandma taking food (shrimp ) from me, after I split the amount of shrimp up evenly and I remember the amount of shrimp was 7, but when I split it up I split them into 4 1/2 a piece which makes no sense at all to me in real time? Portioning shrimp in this dream could be symbolic of having to divide a small pile of available money among many fiscal responsibilities. After paying your bills and buying food, you may be left with little for pleasure or even to create a safety net for yourself. However, the image of your grandmother taking the shrimp from your hands suggests you should not excessively preoccupy yourself with these things. Your family and friends are always there to help you when you need it and would be happy to support you through difficult times. Trying to cook and eat baby elephants My mother has seen this dream. She has seen 3 newly born baby elephants. She has fried three of them and she has eaten one of them and thrown away it because of feeling, an unpleasant feeling, and has poured water to the other two. Then they were alive again. Elephants on their own represent dissatisfaction in your communication with others, so the birth of three elephants at one time suggests that not only is it a recent situation in her life, but it is not limited to one person. This is followed by her frying and trying to eat one of the elephants, which predicts a disruption to the balance and harmony in her life. This might mean that the communication issues she is having are not with strangers but with people she is quite familiar with. This situation may lead to some embarrassment, as pouring water on the elephants at the end of the vision suggests, as healing the breach in the relationship might reveal some aspect of your mother's character she may better keep undisclosed. Candy turning into cockroaches Eating a bag of chocolate-covered raisins and they drop from my hand and burst into cockroaches and swarm my room. In general, chocolate in a dream represents propensity to or obsession with luxuries and vices. Eating a bag of chocolates implies that you may be indulging too much in unhealthy habits or activities that are slowly getting out of control. Not surprisingly, the swarm of cockroaches appearing as a consequence, warns you that these actions and behavioral traits need to be addressed and dealt with before things start getting out of hand. Ice cream perceived to be enormous in size In my dream I was in a giant bowl of ice cream and my giant boyfriend was going to eat me. But just before he did, a whole bunch of giant balls of candy sprinkles were coming at me like mount-size boulders, they were going to squish me, then I woke up. Dreaming about unusually large food items predicts upcoming losses in your life, particularly in regards to material possessions and money. This is likely due to your own issues managing the responsibilities you have been trusted with or difficulties following through on important tasks. This is supported by the grotesque image of your boyfriend looking larger than in wake life, which represents a recent increase in the amount of work you have or the amount of stress you are under. In this situation, you may have suddenly gained power, but are struggling to maintain it and be productive, leading to a precarious situation for you and possible negative outcomes in your progress at work. Being served with a strange-looking burger I was at McDonald's and when I ordered my sandwich, they gave me a burnt miniature-sized top bun with regular sized patty. This dream of a less-than-stellar burger is emblematic of your personal appetite. You might have lingering feelings of dissatisfaction in some areas of your life, whether physical, emotional, intellectual or even spiritual. Perhaps you feel like your life should be better than its current state. This disappointment is reflected in the mini top bun covering the regular-sized patty, suggesting that you feel you have more to offer, but life is not giving you the right bun to complement the meat, so to speak. However, all It takes is the right opportunity at the right time to help you reach your potential. Food eaten by a teacher I arrive at the dining table and my father tells me joyfully that my favorite dish has been eaten by my teacher (my favorite teacher). Dinner is usually symbolic of an end of a phase or a situation. To dream that someone eats or takes away your food or favorite dish is a sign of separation from your loved ones, or in extreme cases a treason or betrayal. It could be that you are about to embark on a journey that takes you away from your family for an extended period. The happy disposition of your father and the presence of your favorite teacher are both positive references to the nature of your pending travel or the new chapter you are entering. Tacos inside the head My dream was that I was in a place and had a head full of tacos. Dreaming of tacos signifies possibilities. Try to recall the type of tacos sitting on your head because these details could allow you to come up with more specific interpretations of this symbol. For instance, if the taco shell is hard and crispy, then your approach to such opportunities will be tough and uncompromising. If the shell is soft and limp, then it implies flexibility and adaptability. If it is a palace and not a generic place that you find yourself in, then this corroborates the taco symbol because palaces are associated with luxury and grandeur. The tacos serve as your crown in the dream or the opportunities that may ensure your rise to prominence. Eating fruits in a rushed manner I was eating some fruits quite hastily. It was a moment I really wanted to gobble them up one after the other. Dreaming about eating fruit in a dream vision usually points toward a decline in moral behavior or you internal ethical values and standards. You may have recently learned or seen something which really affected your view of your fellow humans. You could say you have lost faith in the good nature of people. The vigor with which you consumed the fruit could also point to this being a recent event, though that does not change the seriousness of the frustration you may currently be experiencing.
0.938648	I've had my head flooded with AMD's next-gen Zen architecture, now called Ryzen, for months - but I thought I'd see what people are searching for - Intel's new Kaby Lake architecture, or AMD's next-gen Zen architecture. According to Google Trends data, over the last 12 months people have been searching for "Intel Kaby Lake" more over the last 6 months - shifting from 1 this time last year, to a peak of 20 in early September, and now sitting at 13 - all from a scale of 0-100. "AMD Zen" on the other hand, has been trending more and more over the last few months - starting at 19 this time last year, peaking at 74 in the third week of August, and now spiking at maximum levels of 100/100. You have to hand it to AMD: they have been killing the marketing on Zen this year, and the hype seems to be real. This trend is something I've been noticing over the last two years or so, where more and more people are aware of the codename behind AMD, NVIDIA, and Intel's new products. Zen on the other hand, seems to be a very strong brand name - and probably makes sense as to why AMD kept the word 'Zen' in their new Ryzen CPUs.
0.940836	For the television director, see David Niles (director). David K. Niles (November 23, 1888 – September 28, 1952; Boston, Massachusetts) was an American political advisor who worked in the White House from 1942–1951 for the administrations of Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman. Niles was one of only two Roosevelt aides retained by Truman upon his assumption of the presidency. Born and raised in Boston's South End, Niles was the eldest of six children who survived to adulthood. His parents were Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire, Asher K. Neyhus and Sophie Berlin, from Rivne and Suwalki respectively. He and his father kept the middle initial "K" to honor their heritage as kohanim. While in attendance at Brimmer Grammar School, Niles became acquainted with author Edward Everett Hale, who became a mentor to Niles as he "supplied the boy with reading material and urged him in his ambition to acquire knowledge". While in high school, he Anglicized his surname Neyhus to Niles, reportedly inspired by his classmate, figure skater Nathaniel Niles. He graduated from the prestigious Boston Latin School in 1906, but went to work at a department store to support his family. Through attending lectures at Boston's Ford Hall Forum, he caught the eye of its head, Republican George W. Coleman, who took the young Niles under his wing. During World War I, Coleman took Niles with him to Washington D.C. to work in the US Department of Labor's Information Office. Upon his return to Boston post-war, Coleman promoted Niles to the position of Assistant Director of the Ford Hall Forum, where he would later himself become director (1921-1952). Through his position at the Ford Hall Forum, Niles was asked by Wisconsin Senator Robert La Follette and Montana Senator Burton Wheeler to aid their bid for presidency and vice presidency of the United States with the Progressive Party in 1924. He headed the speakers' bureau, and though the campaign failed abysmally, he was able to gain political insight from the experience. In the aftermath of the La Follette presidential campaign, he attracted the attention of Harvard lawyer Felix Frankfurter, who was then defense counsel for the Sacco-Vanzetti trial, and the two began to work together, forming a lifelong friendship. Through his work on the presidential campaign of New York Governor Al Smith in 1928, Niles met Harry Hopkins, a vital political contact who would later become one of the chief architects of the New Deal and would bring Niles into the Roosevelt administration. Niles would serve as the Director of the American Business Census in Massachusetts (1933-1934), a consultant, director, and assistant administrator of the Works Progress Administration (1936-1939), Special Assistant to the Secretary of Commerce (1939-1940), as well as a consultant and advisor to the Office of Production Management and War Production Board before becoming a presidential advisor to Franklin Roosevelt. In 1943, Congressman Fred Bradley accused Niles of having Communist connections while involved with the Ford Hall Forum. These accusations are thought to have been largely motivated by antisemitism. More recent allegations of Communist connections to Niles have arisen: A Venona decrypted message from New York to Moscow reported on a plan to send a husband and wife team of NKVD 'illegals' to Mexico. Through CAPITAN'S (Roosevelt’s) advisor David Niles –will take 3-4 days, will cost 500 dollars.... [A]round Niles there is a group of his friends who will arrange anything for a bribe. Through them TENOR (Michael W. Burd) obtains priorities and has already paid them as much as 6000 dollars. Whether NILES takes a bribe himself is not known for certain. Burd was a Soviet agent and an officer of the Midland Export Corporation in New York City. Following Roosevelt's death, Niles remained as an advisor to President Harry Truman. Niles had long been deeply sympathetic to the Zionist hope of establishing a Jewish state in their homeland in Palestine, and was important in providing access to the White House for American Zionists. Niles was said to be capable of bending the president's ear to Zionist arguments. Niles' efforts on behalf of Jewish statehood earned him the support and praise of such figures as Chaim Weizmann and Moshe Sharett. In 1947, President Truman awarded him the Medal for Merit. Niles never married, and died in Boston on 28 September 1952, two months shy of his 64th birthday. ^ Cohen, Michael Joseph (1990). Truman and Israel. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06804-1. ^ "Hale's Gift Carried Abroad". New York Times. June 13, 1909. ^ "David K. Niles Papers". Truman Presidential Museum and Library. ^ "Venona June 1, 1944". National Security Agency. ^ Romerstein, Herbert; Breindel, Eric (1997). The Venona Secrets; Exposing Soviet Espionage and America’s Traitors. Regnery Publishing, Inc. p. 180. ISBN 0-89526-225-8. ^ "Oral History Interview with Edwin M. Wright". Truman Presidential Museum and Library. Romerstein, Herbert; Breindel, Eric (1997). The Venona Secrets; Exposing Soviet Espionage and America’s Traitors. Regnery Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-89526-225-8. Simpson, Cornell (1966). The Death of James Forrestal. Western Islands. ISBN 0-7366-2520-8. "David K. Niles Papers". Truman Presidential Museum and Library.
0.999973	What is a nature reserve ? The area of the nature reserve amounted to 1140 hectares of the 3000 hectares of the intertidal zone of the bottom of the bay of Saint-Brieuc (38%). The land part of the reserve (7 ha), located on the town of Hillion corresponds to the dunes of Bon Abri.The nature reserve of the bay of Saint-Brieuc stretches over 1140 hectares of public maritime territory of the communes of Saint-Brieuc, Langueux, Yffiniac, Hillion and Morieux.
0.94823	How many of you guys knew this? I think most people have no idea what their rights are when it comes to warranties and that's why they let themselves be pushed around by manufacturers on stuff like this. In addition, big manufacturers such as Sony, Microsoft, and Apple explicitly note or imply in their official agreements that their year-long manufacturer warrantiesآ—which entitle you to a replacement or repair if your device is defectiveآ—are void if consumers attempt to repair their gadgets or take them to a third party repair professional. What almost no one knows is that these stickers and clauses are illegal under a federal law passed in 1975 called the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
0.948311	Why is spring known as the season for new beginnings? Autumn ought to have some recognition for having the keen ability to bring out creativity and new ideas. I think there is a reason Mean Girls is a classic to me. Not only do I identify with the heroine being the innocent new girl at school, I also identify with the heroine being the mean girl.
0.999744	Principles of Finance Featured: Boundless: Finance: "Chapter 3, Section 10: Considering Inflation's Distortionary Effects" Boundless: Finance: "Chapter 3, Section 10: Considering Inflation's Distortionary Effects" General price level changes creates distortions in financial statements. Inflation accounting is used in countries with high inflation. Many of the historical numbers appearing on financial statements are not economically relevant because prices have changed since they were incurred. Since the numbers on financial statements represent dollars expended at different points of time and, in turn, embody different amounts of purchasing power, they are simply not additive. Reported profits may exceed the earnings that could be distributed to shareholders without impairing the company's ongoing operations. Future earnings are not easily projected from historical earnings. Future capital needs are difficult to forecast and may lead to increased leverage, which increases the risk to the business. The asset values for inventory, equipment and plant do not reflect their economic value to the business. Under this type of accounting, assets and liabilities are recorded at their values when first acquired. They are not then generally restated for changes in values. Costs recorded in the Income Statement are based on the historical cost of items sold or used, rather than their replacement costs. In economics, this occurs when a country experiences very high, accelerating, and perceptibly "unstoppable" rates of inflation. In such a condition, the general price level within an economy rapidly increases as the currency quickly loses real value. In most countries, primary financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis of accounting without regard either to changes in the general level of prices. Accountants in the United Kingdom and the United States have discussed the effect of inflation on financial statements since the early 1900s . Since the numbers on financial statements represent dollars expended at different points of time and, in turn, embody different amounts of purchasing power, they are simply not additive. Hence, adding cash of $10,000 held on December 31, 2002, with $10,000 representing the cost of land acquired in 1955 (when the price level was significantly lower) is a dubious operation because of the significantly different amount of purchasing power represented by the two identical numbers. Future earnings are not easily projected from historical earnings. The impact of price changes on monetary assets and liabilities is not clear. Future capital needs are difficult to forecast and may lead to increased leverage, which increases the risk to the business. When real economic performance is distorted, these distortions lead to social and political consequences that damage businesses (examples: poor tax policies and public misconceptions regarding corporate behavior). Inflation accounting, a range of accounting systems designed to correct problems arising from historical cost accounting in the presence of inflation, is a solution to these problems. This type of accounting is used in countries experiencing high inflation or hyperinflation. For example, in countries such as these the International Accounting Standards Board requires corporate financial statements to be adjusted for changes in purchasing power using a price index. Disinflation is a decrease in the inflation rate; a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price level of goods, services. Disinflation occurs when the increase in the "consumer price level" slows down from the previous period when the prices were rising. Disinflation is the reduction in the general price level in the economy but for a very short period of time. The causes of disinflation may be a decrease in the growth rate of the money supply. If the central bank of a country enacts tighter monetary policy, the supply of money reduces, and money becomes more upscale and the demand for money remains constant. Disinflation may result from a recession. The central bank adopts contractionary monetary policy, goods, and services are more expensive. Even though the demand for commodities fall, the supply still remains unaltered.Thus, the prices would fall over a period of time leading to disinflation. A period of reduced economic activity. A long-term fluctuation in economic activity between growth and recession. Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation–a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time. Disinflation occurs when the increase in the "consumer price level" slows down from the previous period when the prices were rising. Disinflation is the reduction in the general price level in the economy but for a very short period of time. Disinflation takes place only when an economy is suffering from recession. Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation as illustrated in the yellow region of this graph. If the inflation rate is not very high to start with, disinflation can lead to deflation–decreases in the general price level of goods and services. For example if the annual inflation rate for the month of January is 5% and it is 4% in the month of February, the prices disinflated by 1% but are still increasing at a 4% annual rate. Again, if the current rate is 1% and it is -2% for the following month, prices disinflated by 3% (i.e., 1%-[-2]%) and are decreasing at a 2% annual rate. The causes of disinflation are either a decrease in the growth rate of the money supply, or a business cycle contraction (recession). If the central bank of a country enacts tighter monetary policy, (i.e., the government start selling its securities) this reduces the supply of money in an economy. This contraction of the monetary policy is known as a "quantitative tightening technique. " When the government sell its securities in the market, the supply of money reduces, and money becomes more upscale and the demand for money remains constant. During a recession, competition among businesses for customers becomes more intense, and so retailers are no longer able to pass on higher prices to their customers. The main reason is that when the central bank adopts contractionary monetary policy, its becomes expensive to annex money, which leads to the fall in the demand for goods and services in the economy. Even though the demand for commodities fall, the supply of commodities still remains unaltered. Thus the prices fall over a period of time leading to disinflation. When the growth rate of unemployment is below the natural rate of growth, this leads to an increase in the rate of inflation; whereas, when the growth rate of unemployment is above the natural rate of growth it leads to a decrease in the rate of inflation also known as disinflation. This happens when people are jobless, and they have a very small portion of money to spend, which indirectly implies reduction in the supply of money in an economy. Deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services and occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0%. In the IS/LM model (Investment and Saving equilibrium/ Liquidity Preference and Money Supply equilibrium model), deflation is caused by a shift in the supply-and-demand curve for goods and services, particularly a fall in the aggregate level of demand. In more recent economic thinking, deflation is related to risk: where the risk-adjusted return on assets drops to negative, investors and buyers will hoard currency rather than invest it. This can produce a liquidity trap. In monetarist theory, deflation must be associated with either a reduction in the money supply, a reduction in the velocity of money or an increase in the number of transactions. But any of these may occur separately without deflation. In mainstream economics, deflation may be caused by a combination of the supply and demand for goods and the supply and demand for money; specifically the supply of money going down and the supply of goods going up. The effects of deflation are: decreasing nominal prices for goods and services, increasing buying power of cash money and all assets denominated in cash terms, possibly decreasing investment and lending if cash holdings are seen as preferable, and benefiting recipients of fixed incomes. A liquidity trap is a situation in which injections of cash into the private banking system by a central bank fail to lower interest rates and hence fail to stimulate economic growth. A liquidity trap is caused when people hoard cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war. A deflationary spiral is a situation where decreases in price lead to lower production, which in turn leads to lower wages and demand, which leads to further decreases in price. Since reductions in general price level are called deflation, a deflationary spiral is when reductions in price lead to a vicious circle, where a problem exacerbates its own cause. In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. This occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). Inflation reduces the real value of money over time; conversely, deflation increases the real value of money – the currency of a national or regional economy. In turn, this allows one to buy more goods with the same amount of money over time. Economists generally believe that deflation is a problem in a modern economy because they believe it may lead to a deflationary spiral . In the IS/LM model (Investment and Saving equilibrium/ Liquidity Preference and Money Supply equilibrium model), deflation is caused by a shift in the supply-and-demand curve for goods and services, particularly with a fall in the aggregate level of demand. That is, there is a fall in how much the whole economy is willing to buy, and the going price for goods. Because the price of goods is falling, consumers have an incentive to delay purchases and consumption until prices fall further, which in turn reduces overall economic activity. Since this idles the productive capacity, investment also falls, leading to further reductions in aggregate demand. This is the deflationary spiral. An answer to falling aggregate demand is stimulus, either from the central bank, by expanding the money supply; or by the fiscal authority to increase demand, and to borrow at interest rates which are below those available to private entities. In more recent economic thinking, deflation is related to risk: where the risk-adjusted return on assets drops to negative, investors and buyers will hoard currency rather than invest it, even in the most solid of securities. This can produce a liquidity trap. A central bank cannot normally charge negative interest for money, and even charging zero interest often produces less stimulative effect than slightly higher rates of interest. In a closed economy, this is because charging zero interest also means having zero return on government securities, or even negative return on short maturities. In an open economy it creates a carry trade, and devalues the currency. A devalued currency produces higher prices for imports without necessarily stimulating exports to a like degree. In monetarist theory, deflation must be associated with either a reduction in the money supply, a reduction in the velocity of money or an increase in the number of transactions. But any of these may occur separately without deflation. It may be attributed to a dramatic contraction of the money supply, or to adherence to a gold standard or to other external monetary base requirements. In mainstream economics, deflation may be caused by a combination of the supply and demand for goods and the supply and demand for money, specifically: the supply of money going down and the supply of goods going up. Historic episodes of deflation have often been associated with the supply of goods going up (due to increased productivity) without an increase in the supply of money, or (as with the Great Depression and possibly Japan in the early 1990s) the demand for goods going down combined with a decrease in the money supply. Studies of the Great Depression by Ben Bernanke have indicated that, in response to decreased demand, the Federal Reserve of the time decreased the money supply, hence contributing to deflation. The effects of deflation are thus: decreasing nominal prices for goods and services, increasing buying power of cash money and all assets denominated in cash terms, possibly decreasing investment and lending if cash holdings are seen as preferable (aka hoarding), and benefiting recipients of fixed incomes.
0.923526	1 Total population includes foreign residents. Maltese residents population estimate at end 2004 was 389,769. All official population data provided by the NSO . 2also .eu, shared with other European Union member states. Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, (also Malta GC) is a small and densely populated island nation consisting of an archipelago of seven islands in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. Malta lies directly south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya. The country's official languages are Maltese and English. Roman Catholicism is the most practised religion. The strategically located islands constituting the Maltese nation have been ruled by various powers and fought over for centuries. Malta has been a member state of the European Union since May 1, 2004, and it is currently the smallest EU country in both population and area. Malta is the only nation in the world that has collectively been awarded the George Cross for conspicuous gallantry, and its flag bears a replica of that award. Ħaġar Qim Temples, Qrendi, Malta. The islands later came under the control of Carthage ( 400 BC) and then of Rome ( 218 BC). The islands prospered under Roman rule, during which time they were considered a Municipium and a Foederata Civitas. Many Roman antiquities still exist, testifying to the close link between the Maltese inhabitants and the people of Rome. In AD 60, the islands were visited by Saint Paul, who is said to have been shipwrecked on the shores of the aptly-named " Saint Paul's Bay". After a period of Byzantine rule (4th to 9th century) and a probable sack by the Vandals, the islands were conquered by the Arabs in AD 870. The Arabs, who generally tolerated the population's Christianity, introduced the cultivation of citrus fruits and cotton, and irrigation systems. Arab influence can be seen most prominently in the modern Maltese language, which also contains significant Romance influences, and is written in a variety of the Latin alphabet. In 1530, the islands were given by Spain to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in perpetual lease. (The Kingdom of Aragon had owned the islands as part of their Mediterranean empire for some time). These knights, a military religious order now known as the " Knights of Malta", had been driven out of Rhodes by the Ottoman Empire in 1522. They withstood a full-blown siege by the Ottoman Turks in 1565. The Turks, at that time, were considered to be a great power. After this they decided to increase the fortifications, particularly in the inner-harbour area, where the new city of Valletta, named after Jean Parisot de la Valette, was built. Their reign ended when Malta was captured by Napoleon en route to his expedition of Egypt during the French Revolutionary Wars in 1798. As a ruse, Napoleon asked for safe harbour to resupply his ships, and then turned his guns against his hosts once safely inside Valletta. The Grandmaster, knew that he could only allow a few ships at a time to enter the harbour, due to the Treaty of Trent. Grand Master Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim capitulated, and Napoleon stayed in Malta for a few days, during which he systematically looted the movable assets of the Order, and established an administration controlled by his nominees. He then sailed for Egypt, leaving a substantial garrison in Malta. The occupying French forces were unpopular, however, due particularly to their negative attitude towards religion. The financial reforms and the religious reforms did not go down well with the citizens. Furthermore, the French were arrogant and snobbish in their attitude towards the Maltese. The Maltese rebelled against them, and the French were forced behind the fortifications. Great Britain, along with the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, sent munitions and aid to the rebels. Britain also sent her navy, which instigated a blockade of the islands. The isolated French forces, under General Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois, surrendered in 1800, and the island became a British protectorate, being presented by several Maltese leaders to Sir Alexander Ball. Fortifications of the Grand Harbour, Valletta. In 1814, as part of the Treaty of Paris, Malta officially became a part of the British Empire, and was used as a shipping way-station and fleet headquarters. Malta's position half-way between Gibraltar and the Suez Canal proved to be its main asset during these years, and it was considered to be a most important stop on the way to India. In the 1930s, due to Malta's cultural and geographical proximity to Italy, the British Mediterranean Fleet was moved to Alexandria. Malta played an important role during World War II, owing to its vicinity to Axis shipping lanes. The bravery of the Maltese people in their long struggle against enemy attack moved H.M. King George VI to award the George Cross to Malta on a collective basis on 15 April 1942, "to bear witness to a heroism and devotion that will long be famous in history". A replica of the George Cross now appears in the upper hoist corner of the Flag of Malta, outlined in red. After the war, and after a short period of political instability due to the Malta Labour Party's unsuccessful attempt at 'Integration with Britain', Malta was granted independence on September 21, 1964 ( Independence Day). Under its 1964 constitution, Malta initially retained Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Malta, with a Governor-General exercising executive authority on her behalf. On December 13, 1974 ( Republic Day), however, it became a republic within the Commonwealth, with the President as head of state. A defence agreement signed soon after independence (and re-negotiated in 1972) expired on March 31, 1979 ( Freedom Day) when the British military forces were withdrawn. Malta joined the European Union on May 1, 2004. It intends to join the Eurozone in 2008. Dr. Edward Fenech Adami has been the President of Malta since 2004. Malta is a republic, whose parliamentary system and public administration is closely modelled on the Westminster system. The unicameral House of Representatives, known in Maltese as "Il-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti", is elected by direct universal suffrage through single transferable vote every five years, unless the House is dissolved earlier by the President on advice of the Prime Minister. The House of Representatives is made up of 65 Members of Parliament. However, where a party wins an absolute majority of votes, but does not have a majority of seats, that party is given additional seats to ensure a parliamentary majority. The Constitution of Malta provides that the President appoint as Prime Minister the member of the House who is best able to command a (governing) majority in the House. Imperium Europa, which promotes White Nationalism and Libertarianism. Alpha Liberal Democratic Party, which is a liberal reformist party. Malta is an archipelago in the central Mediterranean Sea, some 93 km south of Sicily. Only the three largest islands Malta Island (Malta), Gozo (Għawdex), and Comino (Kemmuna) are inhabited. The smaller islands, such as Filfla, Cominotto and the Islands of St. Paul are uninhabited. Numerous bays along the indented coastline of the islands provide good harbours. The landscape is characterised by low hills with terraced fields. The highest point is at Ta' Dmejrek on Malta Island at 253 metres (830 ft) near Dingli. Although there are some small rivers at times of high rainfall, there are no permanent rivers or lakes on Malta. Contrary to popular belief, the south of Malta is not Europe's most southern point, that being the Greek island of Gavdos. A Maltese worker producing system components for wireless communication. Some Maltese at a local fish market. The Maltese people are descended from mixed French, Italian, English, Arab, Spanish, and Greek peoples. The resident population of Malta, which includes foreigners residing in Malta for at least a year, as at 27 November 2005 was estimated at 404,039 of whom 200,715 (49.7%) were males and 203,324 (50.3%) were females. Of these, 17.1 per cent were aged 14 and under, 68.2 per cent were within the 15–64 age bracket whilst the remaining 13.7 per cent were 65 years and over. Malta's population density of 1,282 per square kilometre (3,322/ sq mi) is by far the highest in the EU, and one of the highest in the world. The only census year showing a fall in population was that of 1967, with a 1.7% total decrease, attributable to a substantial number of Maltese residents who emigrated. The Maltese-resident population for 2004 was estimated to make up 97.0% of the total resident population. Figures for 2005 are still unavailable. Through all the censuses since 1842 there was always a slightly higher female-to-male ratio. Closest to reaching equality were 1901 and 1911 censuses. The highest female-to-male ratio was reached in 1957 (1088:1000), and since the ratio has been constantly dropping. The 2005 census showed a 1013:1000 female-to-male ratio. Population growth has slowed down, from +9.5% between the 1985 and 1995 censuses, to +6.9% between the 1995 and 2005 censuses (a yearly average of +0.7%). The birth rate stood at 3860 (a decrease of 21.8% from the 1995 census) and the death rate stood at 3025. Thus, there was a natural population increase of 835 (compared to +888 for 2004, of which over a hundred were foreign residents). The national language of Malta is Maltese. The Maltese alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, but uses the diacritically altered letters ż, also found in Polish, as well as the letters ċ, ġ and ħ, which are unique to Maltese. The official languages are English and Maltese. Italian, French and German are also widely spoken and taught in secondary schools, though the latter two less so. Roman Catholicism is the religion of approximately 98% of the population (CIA World Factbook, 2006). See Roman Catholicism in Malta. Maltese laws for immigration generally follow EU legislation. Therefore EU nationals require neither a visa nor a passport (an ID card or an expired passport are enough) to enter the country. Citizens of a number of other countries are also not required to apply for a visa and require only a valid passport when residing in Malta for up to three months. Visas for other nationalities are valid for one month. Immigrants are required to apply for a work permit. This exception to EU law was agreed upon before accession to safeguard the Maltese labour market, the growth of which is reaching saturation . In practice though, all work permits to EU nationals are granted, and currently this exercise is only used to monitor the labour market for any needed intervention. During 2005, a total of 1,800 immigrants reached Malta illegally. Given Malta's high population density, the impact of this figure on Malta is equivalent to that of an arrival of 369,000 illegal immigrants in Germany and other large EU member states. In the first half of 2006, 967 illegal immigrants arrived in Malta – almost double the 473 who arrived in the same period in 2005. The reason for such high numbers is due to the fact that Malta is the southernmost tip of the European Union and is therefore in the front line when dealing with the heavy northward migration of immigrants from Africa. Another factor contributing to the problem is Malta's approximately 250,000 square kilometres of open sea search and rescue region. Though Malta has historically been generous, just and humane in welcoming illegal immigrants, increase in violence has been spotted during the past years. In January 2005, asylum seekers detained the camp of Safi have been beaten by the soldiers of the Armed Forces of Malta. Another situation is the developping of anti-immigrant movements like Imperium Europa or ANR. Around 45 % of illegal immigrants landed in Malta have been granted refugee (5%) or protected humanitarian status (40%), which is the highest rate of acceptance in the EU. A White Paper suggesting the grant of Maltese citizenship to refugees resident in Malta for over ten years was issued in 2005. Historically Malta gave refuge (and assisted in their resettlement) to just about eight hundred East African Asians who had been expelled from Uganda by Idi Amin and to just under a thousand Iraqis fleeing from Saddam Hussein's regime. Presently the problem of illegal immigration has increased, with severe strains on Malta's health, employment and social services, its internal security and public order, its social fabric and on the labour market. Detention costs for the first half of 2006 alone cost Lm320,423 (€746,385). In 2005, Malta sought EU aid in relation to reception of illegal immigrants, repatriation of those denied refugee status, resettlement of refugees into EU countries, and maritime security. In December 2005, the European Council adopted The Global Approach to Migration: Priority Actions focusing on Africa and the Mediterranean; but the deployment of said actions has been limited to the western Mediterranean, thus putting further pressure on the central Mediterranean route for illegal immigration which Malta forms part of. Political tension started developing as the EU persistently ignored Malta's precarious situation: member states party to the legally-binding Cotonou Agreement continued not to fulfill their obligations and East African countries, from which most central Mediterranean illegal immigration originates, were excluded from the Euro-African Conference on Migration and Development held 10-11 July 2006 in Tripoli). Education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years. While the state provides education free of charge, the Church and the private sector run a number of schools in Malta and Gozo. Most of the teachers' salary in Church schools is paid by the state. Education in Malta is based on the British Model. Once compulsory secondary education ends, students may enter either in a vocational college such as MCAST or a Sixth Form. Sixth forms provide a two-year course leading to the "Matriculation Certificate", which is the equivalent of the UK Advanced Level Examinations and Advanced Subsidiary Examinations. For students unsuccessful in their SEC examinations, there is the option of attending a Higher Secondary school, a sort of safety net to give students the possibility to catch up, where any core subjects (mathematics, English language, Maltese, and a natural science) previously failed are again taught at ordinary level in preparation for SEC examinations, while also teaching intermediate and advanced level subjects. Students may also choose to attend specialised private institutions leading to diplomas and degrees of foreign examination bodies in careers such as IT ( London University), Networking ( CISCO), Accountancy ( ACCA) and Banking.
0.936634	The children start attending kindergarten (Kindergarten) from 3 years of age, although it is not compulsory education until age 6, when primary or elementary school starts (Hauptschule). Once children finish Hauptschule, they begin to define their professional orientation together with their parents. This means they need to decide the type of secondary school most appropriate for the student's education goals. They will pick one of the following options. Realschule (vocational training): is between elementary school and sixth form colleges or high schools (Gymnasium). Once completed, the student obtains an upper degree that gives access to special technical vocational schools, to secondary technical schools and to the upper level of secondary education (Gymnasium II). Gymnasium (High School): it delves deeper into academic areas and concludes with the examination called Abitur. Once students pass the Abitur, they can access university or colleges.
0.997678	Health is an important sector in which regular research is necessary for the betterment of individuals. In t These days, in an effort to minimize health-related issues, a number of medical studies (studies are different from surveys) of treatments are conducted. In my view, these treatments related surveys need to be conducted by governments as well as by private drug manufacturing companies since the former can assess available health care services and health status of the nation and latter one can find safety and efficacy data of their manufactured drugs. The introduction is too long. You can comfortably avoid the second sentence to reduce its size. Let us merge the first and second sentences: Health is an important sector in which regular research and surveys are conducted to treat numerous diseases. In my view …….. You can create an example. A simple one: For example, companies such as Cipla conduct surveys in various parts of India to collect data and check how long do the antibiotics take to cure a patient. This is used to find out if the Indians are developing antibiotic resistance. To conclude, surveys are a good method to collect data from a large number of people and medical surveys would be beneficial for mankind as they provide information about the effectiveness of medical treatments. Therefore, both government and private companies should conduct surveys for the well being of their citizens.
0.965944	Our 18-month old toddler is a curious and interested little guy. In general, he is quite easy-going and adapts well to new environments. He doesn't need to carry a comforting object (except for his collection of 4-5 pacifiers for sleep time) and he usually does well with new people. His ability to find every new experience exciting and to enjoy it to the fullest has been a great advantage when traveling to new places (for instance our Turkey vacation). However, the drawback is that our baby hates leaving places/things that he just learned to like. For instance, during our vacation, he had a hard time leaving the planes (had to kiss them many, many good-byes). He also found it heart-breaking when we left a taxi we had taken for a short ride through town... It was his first taxi ride ever, and he was so excited to try it, except that it was over much too quickly for his taste. He cried so much when we left, the poor cab driver didn't know what to do! On more regular basis, I find myself having to comfort Daniel when leaving daycare, the playground, the car, the grocery store (yes, he already loves shopping like me... actually, it's rather because they have these carts with play cars attached, a hit!), etc... In short, he hates leaving pretty much every place we visit. It doesn't seem to matter that each of these great places is usually followed by the next great place/activity. He doesn't yet understand that he has to leave a place to get to the next. So going away is hard. I have also noticed that Daniel is usually very sad when the neighbor cat goes away after crossing our backyard, or when a train passes by and goes within a few seconds, etc.. Why do all interesting things go by so quickly? However, in these situations, it's not him who leaves, but other "things". It's interesting that Daniel seems to have learned to cope better with these situations. He usually spends a few minutes saying "bye-bye", "all done", "parti" (gone), probably to process the "loss". But he very rarely cries. After realizing this, I have tried to apply it to situations where Daniel is the one who has to leave. I try to prepare him as much as I can for the emotion of leaving. I let him say as many good-byes as needed. Sometimes, it works well and I am impressed that my cooperative toddler will quickly walk with me to the car, waving bye-bye to the place we are leaving. In a lot of cases, the process takes longer and I need several attempts to get him to accept that we need to leave. And in the most difficult cases, I end up having to take him and carry him to the car as it seems to be the only way to leave. Usually, desperate cries accompany us in these situations. On my side, I always feel bad to think about the emotion that must be going on inside him. He always seems to be so happy where he is. He has to learn how to process the difficulty of leaving and it's not easy. I know this is part of the toddler learning process, and that this is necessary for him to be able to go through more difficult transitions as a more mature person. It still breaks my heart from time to time when I think of how heart-broken he is himself. Has anyone found good ways to deal with this situation? Do coupon code boxes deter online shoppers?
0.991484	Though this was a possibility within the writings of the 'deal' ,why several front benchers have walked and why many in Parliament will not be backing it . We didn't really need the full legal advice to know that Mayhem has got this wrong on all levels and has been lying through her teeth for some time . She finished the speech by saying she would not break up the union nor overturn the result of the referendum , she is on course to do both . well without a doubt streetwalker may is a compulsive liar who is in a total state of constant denial. Im beginning to think she has mental health issues , and i dont say that lightly. Brexit itself though is on course to break up the union. The scottish parliament voted down mays brexit deal yesterday , the welsh senedd voted it down the day before , and the majority of mps from the 6 counties are going to vote against it at westminster. Thats the scottish people , the scottish parliament and scottish mps all in a massive majority against not just mays deal but brexit itself. Interestingly if you took out all the snp msps from the scottish parliament , it would still have been voted down. I have said for a while now the union will not survive Englands brexit. It looks increasingly like westminster are coming to that same conclusion and are choosing to shaft the english brexiters rather than see the union ended. Meanwhile the eccentric and calamitous may carrys on regardless on another planet trying to push her middle way through the "uk" parliament . Brexit cannot be achieved in any way shape or form that satisfies everyone and keeps the union together. So im going for mays deal being voted down , and no brexit next march , with everything being kicked into the long grass. If im wrong , and mays deal gets through , then watch events unfold and the union disintegrate. Mays deal has as much chance of getting through as I have of being elected king of Scotland . None of the above really counts. I dare say that the provinces will make their usual fuss, but at the end of the day the total population of Ulster, Wales and Scotland is only 16% of the UK total. It is hard to believe that Dozy Doris really is as daft as she makes out. Is it possible that she has made some sort of deal with sufficient English MPs to swing the balance? No to the first question ,she is a remainer and has put forward a remainers version of leaving the EU in that we don't , ever . Well i dare say England will keep making a fuss , meanwhile at the end of the day england is only 10% of the total population of the eu with a land mass that can fit inside france alone 5 times over. You keep telling us that none of the above matters , but the whole planet has just watched as the little old 6 counties of the north of ireland , the smallest poorest part of the disunited kingdom , have the "english" government at westminster in the palm of its hands and has put a constant bar through the wheels of Englands brexit for the last two years and continues to do so. Thats before we even talk about scotland. So while you flippantly dismiss the jocks taffs and paddies as irrelevant , everyone knows how empty and hollow those words really are . Well im hoping so , and then we can have some clarity out of the brexit fog . ...but knowing dozy doris and her luck , she will squeak the vote through , then something else will go horribly wrong for her . She either has a cunning plan , or she really is so deluded to the point of insanity. Well streetwalker your guess is as good as anyones to be honest.
0.940974	How can I keep my room warm with little to no budget my room has a doorframe with no door and the heating vent does nothing and there is an 8ft by 7ft window that is always in the shade? Hang a blanket over the door and get a small electric heater with a fan. New they should be about $20. Used can be $5. Do anything you can to seal the room from heat loss. Unless the window is insulated, covering it with blankets will help also. You are in a room with no doors and no windows there is a chainsaw and a table how do you get out? Does the room temperature affect how warm your clothes will keep you? How do you get out of a room with no doors or windows with only a couch and a mirror? You wake up in a dark room with no door or windows. Where are you? well, if it was really dark and it was kinda in a tunnel........ ANSWER: . You would be on the inside of an egg. Now use your beak and escape. What room has no floors no windows no door and no walls? You are in a room with no doors or windows all you have is a bat and ball the room is made of metal how do you get out? How do you get out of a room with no doors no windows just a table and a room? Step into the middle of the table then jump. The tabble with break in half. Two halves make a whole. Should ceiling vents be directed towards the window or the room? You are in a room with no windows and no doors you only have a piece of paper how do you get out? Simple.. Step 1: Tear the paper in half Step 2: Join the 2 halves together Step 3: Realise that the two halves have made a whole Step 4: Escape through this hole. What materials keep water warm in room temperature? A man is in a room all he has is a table and a saw there are no windows or doors how does he get out? You stuck in a room no window no door? A man in a room with no windows and no door how did he get out? They never said that the room didn't have a ceiling! :-) And if that's not it, then try " the same way he got in". Hope this helps! How do you keep your little sisters from coming in your room when they will not let you come in their rooms? Put a lock on your bedroom door. That way, your sister cannot get into your room. You can give her something from your room that you don't mind her to play with as long as she play with it elsewhere. You are in a room with no windows or doors you have a mirror and a table how do you get out? In order to heat a room evenly should heating vents be placed near the floor or near the ceiling of the room? You are in a room with no windows or doors all you have is a calendar and a bed how do you survive? Can Aluminum foil on windows will it keep the room warm? Aluminum foil is used to block out sunlight, which will prevent the room from heating up. It will not keep the room warm by itself. You're in a room and the room has a door and no windows The door is locked How do you get out if all you have is a baseball bat? brk th dr w/ bsbll bt. hit the door as much as you could and it might fall down and you are free! A man's in a room with no door or window How does he get out? he looks in a mirror. He sees what he saw. he grabs the saw. cuts a table in half two halves make a hole and he jumps through the hole If the room has not got any doors then I'm assuming you can just walk through the doorframe? Likewise for the windows ;) Stop imagining. F a man is trapped in a room There are no doors no windows how did he get out? How do you get into a room with neither doors or windows? Why do you feel warm and stuffy in a crowded room where the windows are closed? A man stuck in a room with no doors or windows How does he get out? He breaks down the cardboard walls, then skips along, wondering why anyone would make a room out of carboard. You're in a room with no windows and no doors? How many 14in x 14in tiles would you need for 8ft x 7ft room? What kind of room has no walls windows or doors? Space has no walls, windows, or doors (the 'move around' space, not the 'outer' space). The 'move around' space is also called 'room' (like 'room' to move around). You are in a room with no windows and no doors All you have with you is a chair and a saw How are you going to get out of the room? You are in a steel room with no windows and no door a baseball bat a piano a saw and a table How do you get out of the room? Your room is the very far from the heater But your room has always been really warm Would there be an answer why your room is so warm? Because of radiation cause by the materials that made up your room. like for example if your room is made up of concrete. Ok if your stuck in a room and the only thing in it is a table a saw no doors no windows no nothing just a table and a saw how do you get out? Saw the table in half so you get to halves. Put them together and you get a whole! I need to find the area of a room that is 7ft by 2 ft by 5 ft by 2 ft by 8ft by 9ft by 20ft by 9 ft? Well I don't have a clue what you're asking and no one will give you the right answer cause there's no way to comprehend that logically. Why do the windows sweat on the inside of a non heated room? Because the surface temperature of the window is below the dewpoint temperature of the air in the room, so the water vapor in the room air condenses on the cold window. If you can, lower the room humidity or raise the room temp to warm the window to stop it. Why is one room in a heating zone not getting warm and the other does? may be air locked or valve is shut or dirty radiator or need more pressure/nasir-bd. There was a man trapped in a room of concrete there was no door no windows or no air vents he only had one table and one chair how did he get out? he used the door? the question doesnt say he didnt have a door... just that he didnt have any windows or vents. How do you keep little brothers out of your room? Lock the door or take something they love and blackmail them to do what you want them to do or find their one weakness example / my brother hates Justin Bieber. What is the square meters of a room 8ft by 6ft? Will keeping your windows open a little prevent them from exploding in heat? No. This idea is generally considered an old wives tale, as most cars' passenger compartments are not airtight. Which room does not have any windows or door? Mushroom Well, any room could not have any windows, but in order to get into a room, it must have a door of some sort. And a mushroom is a type of fungus. Though a closet sometimes has neither, it's just connected to your bedroom or some other room that does have a door. How does a room get warm? You can turn on heaters or the oven and open it a crack, but if all else fails put a blanket on it. How does a radiator heat up a room when the door is shut? the air inside heats up and hits the side of the radiator. metal is a conductor so the heat goes through the side of the radiator and all around the room. What happens when you open a door to a heated room into an unheated room? Why is it cold next to the window in a warm room? Why does false ceiling keeps the room warm during winter? How many square feet is a room 8ft by 8ft.? 64 square feet. This is an easy calculation - just multiply the length by the width. The answer is the number of square feet. Is it possible to cool a room by keeping the door of refrigerator open? No. Not only would it not work, but the food inside would get ruined. Bad idea. Where is the little door for the briefing room in binweevils? What type of central heating system circulates hot water through radiators to warm a room and also creates warm air that is blown into a room through a vent in a floor or wall at the same time? What heat transfer is opening a window in a hot room? Why does false ceiling keep the room warm during winter? Because heat naturally rises, a false ceiling will keep that heatcloser to the ground, where we are.
0.999823	“The conventional wisdom of a year ago was that we would have a soft landing in housing. Today, the stock market message is a hard landing for housing, with clear damage to consumer discretionary spending." That's a quote from a NYT article on the intersection of home builders and department stores: This Time, Housing Is Taking Department Stores Down With It. Depending upon who you believe, the impact of this is either: 1) temporary consumer weakness blamed on energy costs; 2) signs of an ongoing sentiment decay in the US, partially blamed on the Iraq War; 3) the long awaited impact of the housing slowdown on US consumption; 4) warnings of a greater economic slowdown or even recession; 5) some combination of all of the above. As the prices of the Department Store sector reveal, these are relatively new developments in the Retail space. The fascinating thing about this is how foreseeable it actually was -- way, way in advance -- and how long it has taken to actually play out in the real world. What's different now that has enhanced the impact of the Housing Sector onto Retail? Back in 2006, when home builders’ stocks plunged, the watchword was "Contained." The working assumption on Wall Street was none of these problems would have spilled over into the larger economy. Even as the Homebuilders stocks cratered, department stores rose steadily. As Floyd Norris points out, "Not this time around." As the Housing stocks have fallen to new multi-yera lows, they have dragged the department store stocks with them. Since April 2007, "the country’s biggest department store chains have fallen by about 30 percent:" "With the sagging prices, investors have rendered a harsh judgment on the coming holiday shopping season, predicting that consumers will severely cut back on spending.The gloom since April 20 has been spread evenly across the big chains: shares of J. C. Penney are down 33 percent, Macy’s by 27 percent, Kohl’s by 28 percent and Sears by 28 percent. In interviews, retail executives conceded that the slumping housing market was taking its toll. “We are in the window-covering business, and you don’t cover windows in houses you don’t build,” said Myron E. Ullman III, the chief executive of J. C. Penney. "Some executives remain at least a little upbeat, complaining that investors are lumping the department stores together. Investors also appear less certain that Saks will suffer. Its shares are off just 7 percent since April 20. Those who think Americans are likely to reduce their spending point to two related factors. First, in recent years the amount of home equity loans rose by as much as $180 billion a year, with much of the money going to consumption. New loans of that variety are much harder to get now that banks have tightened credit standards and home values are falling in many areas. Second, the wealth effect of seeing that a house had risen in value helped to encourage spending, even if the money did not come directly from a mortgage loan. Now there may be a reverse effect, as worries about home values lead to a reluctance to spend. If consumers do cut back, it stands to reason that department stores like Macy’s and Nordstrom may lose market share to lower-priced merchants. That could explain the smaller declines in shares of those chains. The overall stock market has held up fairly well. The S&P500 hit a record high earlier this month and has since lost only a small part of its value. That performance, however, may reflect better on the health of American companies than on the American economy. A rising share of profits is coming from foreign operations, while domestic earnings are weak for many companies. Good stuff from Floyd Norris . . . Perhaps I am not the only one who is trenchant . . . From my perch, the bulls continue to ignore the ramifications of the housing market's depression not only on the economy but the spillover and contagion in the credit markets. For example, ignored in last night's conversation was how the subprime fiasco has devastated the credit markets, as evidenced by the continued structured investment vehicle problems and the huge writeoffs of permanent capital at the leading money-center banks and investment bankers. It is astonishing to me that the subprime-/housing-induced inflection point in credit, from credit expansion to credit contraction, continues to be ignored by market and economic bulls." There's more good stuff at the full piece, which is a post-mortem of Doug's recent Kudlow appearance.
0.978777	Because of its centrality in model assessment and analysis, we are making the Variable Importance Chart more accessible both through an icon and menu shortcuts. So now, instead of having to go to the Data Panel, then selecting "Model Variables" on top and then selecting "Statistics" in the charts on the bottom in order to access the Variable Importance Chart, you can just click the new icon (the Gold Bars icon) to take you directly to the Variable Importance Chart of the active model. We've implemented this new feature for all modeling categories (Regression, Classification, Logistic Regression, Time Series Prediction, and Logic Synthesis) with both the new icon and menu shortcuts both in the Data Menu and Results/Predictions Menu. This new feature is part of the new mini-release "New Project: Cross-Validation, Var Importance & More" and will be launched shortly with GeneXproTools 5.0 MR2. With the new mini-release "New Project: Cross-Validation, Var Importance & More" we are re-implementing and improving the favorite statistics Hits and Outliers in order to make them available irrespective of the fitness function that you're using (before, these stats only became available if you were using fitness functions based on the relative or absolute errors). As we saw with the previous new project "New Project: Multi-class Classification & Trading Strategies", these stats are extremely useful, especially if you're doing multi-class classification in the Regression Framework (see the post "New Classification Algorithms"). Some of the most important new features that we introduced in GeneXproTools 5.0 include different methods for dataset partitioning and subsampling. Now with Mini-Release 2 "New Project: Cross-Validation, Var Importance & More" we are building up on these methods to implement what I call Bootstrap Cross-Validation. The Bootstrap Cross-Validation technique consists of evaluating a particular measure of fit, for example, the classification accuracy or the R-square of a model, across k different random samples of a specific dataset (training or validation/test dataset) and then averaging the results for the k folds. For each dataset, the random sampling is done with replacement using the number of records chosen by the user in the Settings Panel for the training and validation/test datasets. The Bootstrap Cross-Validation technique is implemented through the Favorite Statistics Window, allowing you to apply this powerful technique to a wide range of measures of fit. The Bootstrap Cross-Validation technique is available for Regression, Classification and Logistic Regression. Furthermore, we've also extended the Bootstrap Cross-Validation technique to the fitness evaluation, which means that you also have access to cross-validation results for a wide range of fitness function measures, including custom fitness functions. So, in conclusion, the Bootstrap Cross-Validation technique is a powerful tool for model selection as it allows you to cross-validate model performance across a wide range of performance metrics, including all the Favorite Statistics and Fitness Functions available for each modeling category and also User Defined Statistics through Custom Fitness Functions. So, whether you have a big dataset or a small one, you can make the most of it to help you in the selection of the very best model using cross-validation. For example, if you have a big dataset, say, 20k records, and want to both speed up testing and a more accurate measure for the generalization error, you can use instead just 2k records in a 30-fold cross-validation. If, on the other hand, you have a small dataset and are afraid that your validation/test dataset is not representative of the sample population, by using Bootstrap Cross-Validation on the validation/test or on the entire dataset you can increase the odds of selecting the very best model. The classical cross-validation technique was developed to deal with model overfitting that plagues different algorithms, from Decision Trees to Linear Regression. Model overfitting is not much of an issue in Gene Expression Programming, but still I hope you’ll find this adaptation of cross-validation to the evolutionary context of model building and selection in GeneXproTools a valuable and powerful tool. The support for the R language in Logic Synthesis requires adding the same set of Boolean Grammars that we generated for the Go language (All Gates Grammar, NOT-AND-OR Grammar, NAND Grammar, NOR Grammar, MUX Grammar, and Reed-Muller System Grammar). But now back to the R language and our new Boolean Grammars, more specifically my choice of template for the R Grammars. I used the Matlab Boolean Grammars as template for the new R Grammars because both languages implement the XOR function as a function call rather than as an operator (most programming languages implement XOR as an operator and, indeed, of all the programming languages supported by GeneXproTools, only Matlab, Octave, and R implement XOR as a function call). And like we saw for the Go language, the way XOR is implemented is crucial for the way we map each of the 258 built-in logical functions of GeneXproTools in terms of NOT-AND-XOR, which, as you know by now, are the building blocks of the Reed-Muller System. Let's now take a look at some R code generated with the new Boolean Grammars. Now, thanks to the different grammars we have for different Universal Logical Systems, we can convert automatically the logic circuit above to just NAND gates or NOR gates or MUX gates or NOT-AND-XOR gates (the NOT-AND-OR System would obviously give us the same output as above). We could have also generated NAND or NOR circuits for this circuit with the NAND or NOR Grammars, but they both are huge and ungainly to show here. Like we saw in the previous posts about the NAND System and NOR System, if we are concerned about performance and our goal is to design NAND or NOR circuits (or any other kind of circuit, for that matter), it's best to design the original circuit with building blocks that map compactly to the gates we are interested in. But if performance is not a concern (I for one love to enter a Zen state where I feed really huge NAND or NOR circuits to a compiler and marvel each time it spits out the correct answer at how perfect and reliable computers really are. By the way, R does not handle these long lines of code very well, which I must say interfered tremendously with my Zen states; on the other hand, the Go compiler worked like a charm…) and you just need to convert whatever circuit you have to NAND gates or NOR gates or MUX gates or what have you, you can use any of the Universal Logical Systems that GeneXproTools implements for automatic circuit conversion. In the next post I'll move away from Boolean Grammars and Universal Logical Systems and talk about a new way of cross-validating your models in GeneXproTools.
0.998308	How do you find a lost city in a vast landscape? Simply digging around is like looking for a needle in a haystack. In this short TED talk, Sarah Parcak describes how she and her team used satellite data to find an ancient Egyptian city that had been missing for thousands of years. As part of the Middle Kingdom, the city was important for its contributions to art, architecture and religion. The team already knew that the Nile River used to flow alongside the city, and that there were two pyramids nearby belonging to the two kings who built the city. They analyzed aerial images to reconstruct what the geography looked like nearly four thousand years ago, and used infrared to spot chemical changes to the landscape caused by building materials. Collaborating with Egyptian archaeologists, they did "coring" to test hopeful locations, and found pottery, materials such as agate from a jeweller's workshop, indicating that this was an important city. Space archaeology is a relatively new field that takes advantage of the bird's eye view that satellites provide, combined with their capacities to see different parts of the light spectrum. It has been in use since the late 1970s, but until recently the high costs of imaging prohibited its extensive use. Instead, aerial photographs were used to identify potential sites for excavation, including photographs taken of Egypt in the 1930s. Now that costs have lowered dramatically, the field is expanding, especially in the rich arena of Egyptology. Thanks to her TED talk and the BBC documentary Egypt's Lost Cities, Sarah Parcak has become synonymous with space archaeology and lifted its public profile. Sarah has been doing archaeological fieldwork in Egypt since 1999. Her satellite research, which took place in 2003 and 2004, revealed how the team uncovered the possible sites of 17 pyramids, over 1,000 tombs and around 3,000 ancient settlements outside Sa el-Hagar, Egypt. She is also the author of the book Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology, published by Routledge in 2009.
0.999993	What's brought you to this article? Ask yourself that question, Vision didn't find you, you found Vision. Perhaps it's because there's something about your life that needs to change. Something insufficient, something not suitable for your current path, you've hit the wall at some point, you've looked too many times into the mirror & not smiled, you want to move from where you are, change the situation. This path you're about to take is riddled with adversity, & before you embark on this journey, mentally, you must fuel yourself with the right reasons, the right 'why' to sustain the entire journey. Everybody is quick off the start, & maybe it's one month or two months into it where the wear & tear starts to reveal itself. do you lose focus of the horizon, do you not? It's at these times especially that we focus on the speedbumps of the day & all the weekly hiccups, losing sight of the true purpose. You give so much value to, bear so much pain for, and will always invest in today to sacrifice what we can for the betterment of tomorrow. However, if we don't know what this inspiration is, the why factor, it's very easy to go astray. I highly implore each & every one of you to set goals relevant to YOU! Not what your husband or wife would like, or what your friends have suggested. You must yearn to achieve those goals based on your interests & your passions. Find something that will urge you to wake up early or stay back late to reach, something that will grant you an immense amount of pride should you reach it. That something you're envisioning right now, is your drive. Hold onto it.
0.99864	Cómics de Star wars droids especial Hay 1 producto. Norma. Star wars. Droids especial.
0.999122	I have a question about the following dialog. "You won't laugh or make fun?" "I'm a schoolteacher," Janet whispered. "I'm sober as a judge," Doan said. Janet said: "I'm a schoolteacher in the Wisteria Young Ladies' Seminary." "Now, after all," said Doan. "It's true! There is such a place, and I teach in it." I think Doan's "after all" means "after all you were lying", but why does he think so? Is "Wisteria Young Ladies' Seminary" such a strange name for a school? perhaps Janet had doubts about teaching there earlier. "After all" means "in spite of considerations or expectations to the contrary", so in this case it is used to express surprise, could be both because Janet is a teacher and because the name of the school sounds strange (at least to Doan). Thank you everyone. You are always helpful. Probably means the same as "Gosh" "Is that so?" or "I'd never guess"
0.999964	May be a good way to help patients1 cope with death. 1. The patients' and hospital's name and location are not included to protect the privacy of patients and their grieving families.
0.985746	For my French Cocktail Hour party, I prepared the following recipe. What French party would be complete without a chocolate mousse for dessert? This recipe was found on David Lebovitz's site and the recipe was originally Julia Child's. If there was anyone that knew French cuisine well, it was Julia Child! How yummy! I love David Lebovitz's blog, and J'adore Julia too!! You can't go wrong with her recipes.
0.977678	A free puzzle game in which you need to blow up dinosaur eggs. - Make groups of bubbles of the same color. - Shoot the bubbles until you find a dinosaur. - Blow up all the bubbles for the minimum amount of time to get high scores. - Fun music and sound. - More than 1000 interesting levels. - Easy to learn and super fun to master the gameplay. The game is suitable for people of all ages and can entertain anyone. What does the game give? - It will help you kill your boring time. - Helps to develop your brain. - Are you alone and you are bored? Shooter will be with you.
0.940388	Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre. Several of his musicals have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. Several of his songs have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals, notably "The Music of the Night" from The Phantom of the Opera, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from Jesus Christ Superstar, "Don't Cry for Me, Argentina" and "You Must Love Me" from Evita, "Any Dream Will Do" from Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and "Memory" from Cats. In 2001 the New York Times referred to him as "the most commercially successful composer in history". Ranked the "fifth most powerful person in British culture" by The Telegraph in 2008, the lyricist Don Black stated "Andrew more or less single-handedly reinvented the musical." He has received a number of awards, including a knighthood in 1992, followed by a peerage from Queen Elizabeth II for services to Music, seven Tonys, three Grammys (as well as the Grammy Legend Award), an Academy Award, fourteen Ivor Novello Awards, seven Olivier Awards, a Golden Globe, a Brit Award, the 2006 Kennedy Center Honors, and the 2008 Classic Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, is an inductee into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame, and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. Andrew Lloyd Webber was born in Kensington, London, the elder son of William Lloyd Webber (1914–1982), a composer and organist, and Jean Hermione Johnstone (1921–1993), a violinist and pianist. His younger brother, Julian Lloyd Webber, is a noted solo cellist. The 17-year-old budding musical-theatre composer was introduced to the 20-year-old aspiring pop-song writer Tim Rice in 1965. Their first collaboration was The Likes of Us, a musical based on the true story of Thomas John Barnardo. They produced a demo tape of that work in 1966, but the project failed to gain a backer. In 1969 Rice and Lloyd Webber wrote a song for the Eurovision Song Contest called "Try It and See," which was not selected. With rewritten lyrics it became "King Herod's Song" in their third musical, Jesus Christ Superstar (1970). The planned follow-up to Jesus Christ Superstar was a musical comedy based on the Jeeves and Wooster novels by P. G. Wodehouse. Tim Rice was uncertain about this venture, partly because of his concern that he might not be able to do justice to the novels that he and Lloyd Webber so admired. After doing some initial work on the lyrics, he pulled out of the project and Lloyd Webber subsequently wrote the musical with Alan Ayckbourn, who provided the book and lyrics. Jeeves failed to make any impact at the box office and closed after a short run of only three weeks. Many years later, Lloyd Webber and Ayckbourn revisited this project, producing a thoroughly reworked and more successful version entitled By Jeeves (1996). Only two of the songs from the original production remained ("Half a Moment" and "Banjo Boy"). In 1978, Lloyd Webber embarked on a solo project, the Variations, with his cellist brother Julian based on the 24th Caprice by Paganini, which reached number two in the pop album chart in the United Kingdom. The main theme was used as the theme tune for ITV's long-running South Bank Show throughout its 32-year run. The same year, Lloyd Webber also composed a new theme tune for the long-running documentary series Whicker's World, which was used from 1978-80. In 1998 Whistle Down the Wind made its debut, a musical written with lyrics supplied by Jim Steinman. Originally opening in Washington, Lloyd Webber was reportedly not happy with the casting or Harold Prince's production and the show was subsequently revised for a London staging directed by Gale Edwards. The production is probably most notable for the number-one hit from Boyzone "No Matter What" which only left the UK charts when the price of the CD single was changed to drop it out of the official top ten. His The Beautiful Game opened in London and has never been seen on Broadway. The show had a respectable run at The Cambridge Theatre in London. The show has been re-worked into a new musical, The Boys in the Photograph, which had its world première at The Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts in April 2008. Lloyd Webber accepted the challenge of managing the UK's entry for the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest, to be held in Moscow. In early 2009 a series, called Eurovision: Your Country Needs You, was broadcast to find a performer for a song that he would compose for the competition. Jade Ewen won the right to represent Britain, winning with It's My Time, by Lloyd Webber and Diane Warren. At the contest, Lloyd Webber accompanied her on the piano during the performance. The United Kingdom finished 5th in the contest. The winner was Norway's Alexander Rybak with his world record composition "Fairytale". On 26 February 2010, he appeared on BBC's Friday Night with Jonathan Ross to promote Love Never Dies. In 2012 Lloyd Webber fronted a new ITV primetime show Superstar which gave the UK public the chance to decide who would play the starring role of Jesus in an upcoming arena tour of Jesus Christ Superstar. The arena tour started in September 2012 and also starred comedian Tim Minchin as Judas Iscariot, former Spice Girl Melanie C as Mary Magdalene and BBC Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles as King Herod. Tickets for most venues went on sale on 18 May 2012. Webber caused controversy with a series of comments about Eurovision in a Radio Times interview. He said: "I don't think there's any point in beating around the bush. I saw no black faces on the programme Eurovision 2012. I was questioned by the press over Jade Ewen's race, and I think we would have placed second, but there is a problem when you go further east. If you're talking about Western Europe it's fine, but Ukraine, not so good." The EBU corrected Webber, telling him Ukraine's singer Gaitana was black, that year's winner Loreen for Sweden was of North African background and accompanied by a black backing dancer, and France's contestant Anggun was Indonesian. The contest organisers also told Webber that black singer Dave Benton won for Estonia in 2001. The EBU thoroughly denied racism in its show, and insisted it unites Europe for three nights in a year. In 2013, Webber reunited with Christopher Hampton and Don Black on Stephen Ward the Musical. Lloyd Webber has been accused of plagiarism in his works. The Dutch composer Louis Andriessen commented that: "There are two sorts of stealing (in music) – taking something and doing nothing with it, or going to work on what you've stolen. The first is plagiarism. Andrew Lloyd Webber has yet to think up a single note; in fact, the poor guy's never invented one note by himself. That's rather poor". Lloyd Webber is an art collector, with a passion for Victorian art. An exhibition of works from his collection was presented at the Royal Academy in 2003 under the title Pre-Raphaelite and Other Masters – The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection. In 2006, Lloyd Webber planned to sell Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto by Pablo Picasso to benefit the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation. In November 2006, he withdrew the painting from auction after a claim that the previous owner had been forced to sell it under duress in Nazi Germany. An out-of-court settlement was reached, where the foundation retained ownership rights. On 23 June 2010, the painting was sold at auction for £34.7 million to an anonymous telephone bidder. Lloyd Webber was made a Conservative life peer in 1997, however by the end of 2015, he had voted only 33 times. Politically, Lloyd Webber has supported the UK's Conservative Party, allowing his song "Take That Look Off Your Face" to be used on a party promotional film seen by an estimated 1 million people before the 2005 general election. In 2009, he publicly criticised the Labour government's introduction of a new 50% rate of income tax on Britain's top earners, claiming it would damage the country by encouraging talented people to leave. In August 2014, Lloyd Webber was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue. In October 2015 Lloyd Webber was involved in a controversial House of Lords vote over proposed cuts to tax credits, voting with the Government in favour of the plan. Lloyd Webber was knighted in the 1992 Birthday Honours. In the 1997 New Year Honours, he was created a life peer as Baron Lloyd-Webber, of Sydmonton in the County of Hampshire. He is properly styled as The Lord Lloyd-Webber; the title is hyphenated, although his surname is not. He sits as a Conservative member of the House of Lords. A special performance of The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall for the 25th anniversary was broadcast live to cinemas in early October 2011 and later released on DVD and Blu-ray in February 2012. The same was also done with a reworked version of Love Never Dies. Filmed in Melbourne, Australia, it received a limited cinema release in the US and Canada in 2012, to see if it would be viable to bring the show to Broadway. It received positive reviews and was No.1 on DVD charts in the UK and Ireland, and did well in America. In February 2014, it was announced that Elton John's production company had acquired the rights to Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and is planning to adapt it as a new theatrical animated musical film to be distributed by STX Entertainment.
0.93366	The consuls of the Roman Republic were the highest ranking ordinary magistrates; each consul served for one year. Consuls had supreme power in both civil and military matters. While in the city of Rome, the consuls were the head of the Roman government. They would preside over the senate and the assemblies. While abroad, each consul would command an army. His authority abroad would be nearly absolute. Praetors administered civil law and commanded provincial armies. Every five years, two censors were elected for an 18 month term. During their term in office, the two censors would conduct a census. During the census, they could enroll citizens in the senate, or purge them from the senate. Aediles were officers elected to conduct domestic affairs in Rome, such as managing public games and shows. The quaestors would usually assist the consuls in Rome, and the governors in the provinces. Their duties were often financial. Since the tribunes were considered to be the embodiment of the plebeians, they were sacrosanct. Their sacrosanctity was enforced by a pledge, taken by the plebeians, to kill any person who harmed or interfered with a tribune during his term of office. All of the powers of the tribune derived from their sacrosanctity. One consequence was that it was considered a capit l offense to harm a tribune, to disregard his veto, or to interfere with a tribune. In times of military emergency, a dictator would be appointed for a term of six months. Constitutional government would be dissolved, and the dictator would be the absolute master of the state. When the dictator's term ended, constitutional government would be restored. The executive magistrates of the Roman Republic were officials of the ancient Roman Republic (c. 510 BC – 44 BC), elected by the People of Rome. Ordinary magistrates (magistratus) were divided into several ranks according to their role and the power they wielded: censors, consuls (who functioned as the regular head of state), praetors, curule aediles, and finally quaestor. Any magistrate could obstruct (veto) an action that was being taken by a magistrate with an equal or lower degree of magisterial powers. By definition, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles were technically not magistrates as they were elected only by the plebeians, but no ordinary magistrate could veto any of their actions. Dictator was an extraordinary magistrate normally elected in times of emergency (usually military) for a short period. During this period, the dictator's power over the Roman government was absolute, as they were not checked by any institution or magistrate.
0.933117	Here are seven exercises rotational athletes can perform when training for power. When training for power, or the ability to produce force quickly, it's important to consider the direction in which you train as it relates to your sport. If you are a rotational-based athlete and play sports that require you to hit/throw a ball or puck hard, your power training should indicate that. Power training is plane specific; meaning the direction in which you train for power will be the direction in which you become more powerful. Performing Olympic lifts and other power moves such as Weighted Jumps and Kettlebell Swings will absolutely make you more powerful when programmed and performed correctly, but the power you develop may not directly correlate to an increase in velocity when hitting or throwing. Unless you are training powerful hip rotation and a movement that's similar to your performance on the field, your training won't carry over to your sport as much as you likely desire. With that in mind, here are the seven exercises I program the most for my rotational athletes when training for power. Note: While training for power it is all about intent of the exercise. If you're not putting maximal effort into your power training and giving yourself enough rest between sets you won't get optimal results. There are a couple ways to program these exercises for maximum results. It all depends on how much time you have before your season starts and what phase you are in during your program. The first way to program these exercises is to perform them after the warm-up and before the strength training portion of the lift. This allows you to train maximum force production when you are the most fresh and activate your central nervous system to get you excited for your lift by firing high threshold motor units (which gets your brain and body ready to lift heavier weights). When performing these exercises with the intent to train power, sticking with 2-5 reps per-side is a good range. Higher rep ranges can become more of an endurance or conditioning exercise. To ensure you are getting good force production, take 60-90 seconds of rest between exercises and have a violent, aggressive intent on every rep. Use this approach during your offseason when you have three or more months before your season starts. The second way to implement these exercises in your program is to use "contrast training." This means you'll be pairing a rotational power movement with a strength movement. Do this a month or two before your season starts to produce the greatest power gains in a short time. Note that this is most effective when you have performed three months or more of general preparation training beforehand, as consistent contrast training isn't always the best for long-term results. When performing your strength training sets for your main lift an example would be a Squat or Deadlift. Rest 15-20 seconds after a heavy set and go into your rotational power exercise. So fatigue doesn't play a role, the strength training exercise shouldn't take more than 10 seconds (3-5 reps is a good ranges). It's important that you stick with 15-20 seconds of rest before the power exercise so you can recover from fatigue, but your central nervous system is still excited from the lift. This type of training will allow you to transfer your strength training into a sports-specific power move. While performing this, you should not feel fatigued as you might after a traditional strength training circuit. You should feel very energized and excited. After 5-10 sets, perform a few accessory movements that hit your back side or core—this shouldn't be very taxing and that should be the extent of your workout. Beforehand you should perform some sort of power exercise for 2-3 sets. This could be sprints, jumps or more rotational power exercises. This will get your central nervous system ready to do some heavy lifting and explosive movements. The power work should be exciting, not fatiguing. Bear in mind that if you are a rotational athlete you shouldn't just be doing rotational power exercises during your power work. You should still be sprinting, jumping and training different planes of motion during your power movements to become a well-rounded athlete. The workouts above are examples if your main focus point was rotational power for that day. When contrast training, every day should not be a "dynamic effort day" like the one shown above. There should only be two dynamic effort days—one that focuses on lower body and another that focuses on upper body. The other two days should look like the offseason training day and anything else should be mobility/corrective exercise oriented or a conditioning day. If you are a rotational athlete, rotational power exercises should be used as a staple in your program. The seven exercises above don't need to be done all in one day, and neither do they all need to be in your weekly program. Spread three or four of these exercises throughout the week and change them up after four weeks or increase the weight, sets or reps. You can perform these exercises for multiple days throughout the week, the more repetition the better. When incorporating them in your program be sure it's in the beginning of your workout for 2-3 sets of 2-5 reps or use it as a contrast exercise during your dynamic effort day, full recovery between sets is vital in order to truly train for power.
0.981001	White blood cells (WBCs) are one of the two types of blood cells present in the human body (the other is red blood cells.) Called leukocytes, these cells have the primary function of fighting infections. There is a broad range to the value of normal levels of white blood cells, varying between 4,300 and 10,800 cells per cubic ml of blood. A low volume of leukocytes in the body is a count that is anywhere less than this range. This condition, called leukopenia, is easy to define but difficult to diagnose. Its symptoms and signs are usually very minor and can be mistaken for other signs of infection. According to the University of Virginia School of Medicine, a drop in the count of one of the main leukocytes, called neutrophils, is the main sign of low white cell count. This condition is known as neutropenia. Neutrophils are the cells that protect the body from major infections, such as fungal and bacterial infections. However, people without leukopenia can temporarily have all the symptoms of neutropenia if they are sick and the neutrophils temporarily drop. A doctor has to determine whether neutropenia is actually a symptom of a low white blood cell count using a series of tests. The main symptoms caused by a low white cell count include occasional fever, consistent chills, discomfort and a sore throat, reports the University of Virginia School of Medicine. Other symptoms include fatigue and weakness. These are all signs of an infection or other illnesses.
0.972937	Learn how to save money for ever-increasing college tuition. Some ideas include getting excellent grades in high school and getting a part-time job. College tuition is higher than ever before, and it is a daunting task to begin saving money for college. No matter your age, it is never too late to think about college and to start saving some money for a secondary education. Simply follow these 5 easy ways to save some extra money for a university education. Surprised to see this as number one on the list? I truly believe that getting excellent grades in high school is the easiest way to save money for college. Good grades in high school lead to scholarships. It is as simple as that. If you have an excellent GPA and competitive standardized test scores, you should have no issue receiving at least a partial scholarship. Many universities have Academic scholarships based off grades, so focus on school and it will literally pay off. Getting straight A's in high school allowed me to be competitive for an academic scholarship, and I was blessed to receive one. Many scholarships will not pay for room and board, so even if you have a full-ride, be sure to take room and board into consideration. While academics is the first priority in high school, it is not unreasonable to find a part time job. Part time jobs are a great source of a little side income and will help you develop a strong work ethic. Not only that, but it is likely that you will be able to develop better social skills and mature more as a person overall. Remember to not let a part time job interfere with school. Working an extra 10 hours a week at minimum wage is not more important than ensuring you get amazing grades. Would you rather have an extra $250 a month in high school or an extra $10,000 a year in college? If you are a high school student, especially a student with a part time job, chances are you have at least a little cash. Chances are you also spend some of that cash. If you are spending it, what are you spending it on? Are you spending on things that are not needed? Is junk food, energy drinks, or that 5th pair of shoes worth it? Keep in mind the end goal of saving for college and watch what you buy. When you start accumulating money, be sure to open a savings account and keep your money there. By doing so, you will earn a small percentage of interest. The amount is generally quite meager, but it is still better than nothing. If you are a little risky, look into a way to invest the money (keeping in mind that you will need the money for college). Certificate of deposits are very low risk investments while stocks are higher risk. If your money isn't working for you then it's probably working against you. In high school, it is so easy to live from day-to-day without thinking about long term goals. Remember that college is coming up and that it is so important to be saving as much as possible. If you are like many individuals and will be paying for college yourself, remember that college is worth the hard work in the end. A college education is a fantastic privilege and should not be taken for granted. Many people would do anything for such an education and if you are capable of saving to pay for college, then do it. You will not regret it one bit. I promise.
0.995868	Astronomy is one of the world’s oldest sciences because it simply required people to look up and observe what they see. Long have people looked up to the stars for some sort of prayerful assistance or a glimpse into the past, present, or future. It holds a lot of keys for some people and engages the way of the world in a way that only a mesmerizing look to the stars can do, producing an age-old question and answer engagement with the moon and the rest of the objects in the galaxy. With astronomy binoculars, you can get yourself closer to this dialogue and find out some truth for yourself. Astronomy binoculars are used to check out the celestial objects that are visibly located in space and beyond. Long has the world been lost in that type of mysterious glimpse to the outside; we dream of the stars and of someday looking down on earth as only a select few get to do. With astronomy binoculars, we have a way of looking up to the stars and to the moon in a way that we could not accomplish with our eyes on a normal basis. This enables us to capture some of that magic and contain it, keeping with us the visions of the stars and the planets as they exist in a world beyond our very own. Astronomy binoculars enable the visions of the worlds beyond our own to come right before our eyes, giving us a grasp of what the rest of the universe must be like and allowing us to dream of something beyond our own capability of understanding. We can guess at what lurks beneath the cloud covers of other planets in other galaxies, but we can never see them for ourselves without a little help and we can never absolutely know for sure that we are truly alone in this world. With that in mind, looking up to the stars continues to be as captivating as ever for many of us stuck down here on earth. In essence, astronomy interests us because it concerns everything around us as well. It tells us how the world works, how we function as people, how physics and other sciences in fact work to form the planets, and how other things occur that shape the very fabrics of time and space as a whole entity. With astronomy binoculars, we are on the cusp of many of those pieces of information and can, in fact, make discoveries for ourselves about the way of the world and the objects around it. This magic is very possible and very real.
0.997038	The age of industrialization and technological inventions marked an important period of human development; economically and improvement in the living standards. However, accompanying this period too was an era of development of weapons of mass destruction such as atomic bombs, as different nations sought for a commanding voice in the world economy, political and military power. In relation to this, the second half of the 20th century witnessed massive development of these weapons massive production, being led by the United States of America (Schwartz William A and Derber Charles 2009 p 69). The proliferation of atomic bombs among different nations continues to threaten global security. Whereas there have been calls for abolition of these weapons among the Asian countries by the Western world, the United States should lead in supporting the abolishment of proliferation of Atomic Bombs, being the only superpower after the fall of Soviet union, because failure of which the states which never had nuclear weapon will acquire new ones and the pile stock of nuclear weapons will continue to increase drastically according to (Krieger, D. 2009 p 53).. The current and future presidents of the United States should emulate Reagan's example and work towards eliminating atomic weapons from the society. The current president Barrack Obama described it as 'urgent' the prevention of the spread of amassing weapons of mass destruction. (Ford, 2010, pp. 3). However, the fruits of disarmament are yet to be harvest if few nuclear armed states apply discriminatory orders based on inequity breed resulting into resistance and the war against proliferation and nuclear terrorism will be far from being won, hence the need for global cooperation to prevent proliferation, failure of deterrence and nuclear terrorism. International leaders and civilians are worried that many more states might acquire nuclear weapons and are not trusting the custodian of the weapons which may end up to dangerous hands of terrorists. The problems of disarmament cited by Seymour Melman include inspection of disarmament, evasion team, and the capability and the limitation of aerial inspection, he further put it that the war on disarmament is now shifted to arms control which contradict the actual objective of the arms elimination program, The inspection policy leading to cheating by the nuclear armed states (Seymour Melman 1958 p 66). The end of the second war two gave room for the competition of supremacy of the former alliances which triggered the emergence of the 'cold war'. United State of America and Russia went on an arms race with the technological advancement in nuclear industry and space race just to mention a few but the production of atomic bombs was a major concern according to Shultz et al. (2007). Proliferation of weapon of mass destruction is a major concern to the society at large as public healthy problem according to (Allison, 1996, p.189). Atomic bomb production has been resulting from competition against the super powers (U.S. being one of them) with the end of the Second World War two; there was lack of mutual trust between the two former alliances which made it hard to come up with international control nuclear weapon proliferation agreement (Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, 2006, p.17). Whereas every nation that has developed atomic weapons has argued that security concerns are the driving force of their actions, this can proved otherwise. Research indicates that atomic bomb production resulted from competition against the superpowers; US being one of them. For instance, there is currently the risk for a new phase in nuclear arms competition through further modernization of weapons (Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, 2006, p.23). Nevertheless, showing commitment to eliminate these weapons by countries such as the United States would influence other regions to develop a second thought and give room for deliberations following the fall of the Soviet Union as the world major super power. The United States has so far avoided committing itself towards eliminating the production of nuclear associated materials and remained adamant in being involved in programs that support this course of action (Allison, 1996, p.110). The fall of the Soviet union to some extend reduced nuclear annihilation, this did not prevent the continuous use of fissile material which the global is still at risk of weapons of mass destruction, industrial nuclear power according to studies made by atmospheric scientists indicated that nuclear exchange is at an arming rate a study done on nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan could result into a nuclear winter according to Fords. The draw backs of strengthening protection against proliferation from the American point of view is the global expansion of nuclear industry and nonproliferation of nuclear weapon which implies that increase in the number of nuclear plants will result subsequent increase of uranium for separating plutonium. However tension still reign high, because the same technology can be used to nuclear weapons as it uses to produce civilian fissile materials with the dissemination of these knowhow throughout the world can result further proliferation of nuclear weapons (US Department of Energy 2001 p 67). The nonproliferation campaign will only get a boost only if the countries which do not have the facilities do not have them, and the already existing recycling facilities to stop their fuel recycling voluntarily. However, these states or countries requires nuclear power therefore, they should be assured competitive fair price for an alternative source of energy let say crude oil (Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, 2006, p.27). Other nations across the globe would not commit themselves to support nonproliferation inspections, rules and controls, over diverse fissile materials. In reference to Krieger (2009), 'abolition of nuclear weapons must come in stages, but if proliferation in the future is to be averted, a true commitment to total abolition of nuclear weapons banning and eliminating their use and possession as the truly reigning international goal is no longer to be delayed of equivocated' (p.60). The resistance to world free of nuclear weapon gives another school of thought because it open the option of countries moving toward nuclear program to secure military supremacy in future, it is clear that nuclear armed states together with United States do not live up to their promise the lead the war of nuclear disarmament. The worries of the American people is not the nuclear weapon proliferation is withholding but the increasingly lack of commitment of other nuclear armed states to nonproliferation and the ability to punish those found producing weapons of mass destruction (Christopher A. Ford, 2010, pp. 3). The enforcement system and verification procedures required to attain this would be ultimate in enhancing U.S. and global security in a period when atomic bombs productions are expected to increase globally. Consequently, the control over atomic bomb production is necessary as this will pave way for disarmament of the already produced atomic bombs. According to Allison (1996), one of the channels that the United States could pursue is to encourage Russia to comply with its arms control commitment (p.134). The United States should be seriously committed seek ways of verification, enforcement of the eradications of the weapons of mass destruction and not be justified by it control on nonproliferation and fuel recycling technology advancement but also develop the desire of achieving it. According to Ford's he was quoted saying "the elimination of all nuclear arsenal is not an end in itself, It is a means to global security" (Ford, C, 2010 p 8). The enforcement mechanism and verification procedures would also minimize risks of these weapons falling in the wrong hands, for instance the terrorists. So far, there is a growing danger that nuclear materials might fall into the hands of terrorists, or even common criminals who might sell it on to terrorists (Müller-Kraenner, 2008, p.128). The nuclear terrorism is the greatest catastrophic national security facing the United State on it part, is trying to prevent the accessibility of highly enriched plutonium and uranium used for atomic bomb production which is the present and future still elusive issue facing nonproliferation (George Perkovich 2008 p. 4). States that possesses and operates reprocessing facilities could in actually sense produce weapons. Therefore, measures to limit the use of enrichment and plutonium separation have received international understanding in order to strengthen protection against proliferation and expansion of nuclear industry (feudman 2007.p 17). The United State is a signatory to the IAEA which ensure that nuclear energy use is not for human destruction, IAEA protocol entailed the states to notify the IAEA on plans of building new facilities and to declare their nuclear recycling activities, researcher end any kind of development and the IAEA inspectors could access the nuclear plant within a short notice and take samples to detect violations according to (Christopher A. Ford, 2010, pp. 4).the United nation have been vocal for nuclear disarmament and have established a commission on nuclear disarmament (Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission. 2006 p 6). It is important to mention that if deterrence of production of atomic bombs is attained, beginning from the United States of America as proliferators' and with each nuclear proliferation mean there a greater risk to the planet which is the sole habitant of human beings. Therefore, nuclear nightmare will not cease until the proliferation is stopped, and then there would be fewer concerns over the issue of proliferation of these weapons. As a result, this would bring an assurance that the world is free of atomic bombs. On the other hand, countries who played havoc and conflict on different part of the world because both sides will not be afraid of each other atomic mighty and would cease fighting with each other in cold wars since they are assured of their national security. The lack of confidence will made both the United State and the nuclear armed state not to eliminate their last nuclear weapons. If United State lead the war on deterrence it NATO allies will follows suit. Indeed, these key non-nuclear-weapon states have longstanding traditions favoring the global elimination of nuclear weapons; with the position held by the United State abolition of nuclear arsenal will ultimately guarantee global security (Orrick, D. 1999 p 137). The atomic bomb disarmament is the highest international agenda on the United States now than it has been in the long history since the first launch of a nuclear atomic bomb few days before the end of the second war two. The U.S. policy of preventing proliferation, preventing nuclear terrorism, reducing toward zero the unique threat of nuclear annihilation and fostering optimism regarding U.S. global leadership, It is therefore important for the U.S. to play it role as a role model and serve as good example of other region to eliminate atomic bombs as it is the major super power. If this is not controlled, it means that states will continue producing weapons of mass destruction threatening the comeback of another cold war of arm race. A binding by the international treaties on the elimation of atomic bombs is the only hope and the way forward for sound international relations. However, the prospect of a world free of atomic bombs does not make its attainment viable, let alone foreseeable unless all countries reciprocate and join force in a co-evolutionary process. However, chances of the success will still remain elusive if the nuclear armed states continue to apply discriminatory orders. Verification and security conditions geared toward elimation of nuclear weapons atomic bombs included will be an important milestone toward a secure world.
0.999693	The IEEE has published a set of AI ethics guidelines to adhere to and consider when researching and developing artificial intelligence technologies. The IEEE has recently published a set of ethical guidelines for the future of AI development. The guidelines aim to make sure that algorithms are made to benefit humanity as a whole, especially in sensitive roles such as driverless cars and medical care. Here are a few points covered in the article, as well as a brief discussion of the ethical issues surrounding the development of advanced AI algorithms. AI algorithms are a burgeoning new technology, and like any new technological development, they require regulation to make sure that they remain beneficial to humanity as a whole. In comes the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) . Recently the organization released the first draft of a document called Ethically Aligned Design, where the thoughts of more than 100 industry leaders were collected to create guidelines for the future of AI ethics. Multiple humanitarian issues are surrounding the rise of advanced AI. For example, as automation becomes more sophisticated, people have an increased potential to lose their job to an AI. The employment structures of the world will be heavily stressed by the speed at which technological change is occurring, and various regulatory bodies will need to take this shift into account when making legislation and policy so that they can respect humans’ right to employment without slowing down the march of innovation. When AI are put into sensitive positions that could potentially decide the fate of a human life, it is important to be able to track every movement and decision of that AI. The IEEE notes that as there is no organization dedicated to the independent review of algorithmic operations, developers should ensure that AI programs are created by “a multidisciplinary and diverse group of individuals.” The hope is that such a group would be more able to cover all potential AI ethics issues that arise from their research. The final section of the document details the need to improve accountability and verifiability in intelligent systems. Machine learning implies that the actions of AI aren’t pre-programmed, rather they are decided on by any given algorithm based on the information they have at hand. In other words, some AI programs are going to be making judgment calls when they act, and this gives rise to a host of legal and ethical decisions that lawmakers will need to consider as the technology flourishes. Machine learning implies that the actions of AI aren’t pre-programmed, rather they are decided on by any given algorithm based on the information they have at hand. In other words, AI will independently make judgment calls. This gives rise to a host of legal and ethical decisions that lawmakers will need to consider as the technology flourishes. Morality depends on respecting a set of absolutes. Yet, the variability of complex situations makes a set of absolute rules impossible in the world. The only constant in our world is change. For example, ‘Do not kill’ is a common law in many societies. However, would you obey that law if someone is holding a gun to your mother’s head? We can make rules, but they aren’t actually absolute. How do we make AI that can understand the rules as well as the exceptions? We may be able to use quantum computing to allow an algorithm to generate every possible action and response to a given situation, but a more human-like discretion is hard to imprint. The IEEE AI ethics guidelines are a step in the right direction toward solving these problems, and with any hope, the developers of AI will pay attention. Just like humans need support structures to learn their morals and ethics, so do AI.
0.889692	Doctors and administrators know them by name, and they know their complaints before they even speak: the frequent flyers. One of several terms used to identify frequent emergency services users, along with high-utilized, super utilizer, and the coded GOOMER (get out of my emergency room), frequent flyers are commonly considered to be drug seekers, but that isn’t always the case. It’s contingent on emergency room physicians to differentiate between drug seekers and the legitimately ill, particularly in light of the ongoing opioid epidemic, but it’s also important to help those with legitimate medical needs. That’s why administrators and doctors need to develop a deeper understanding of chronic pain conditions so that all patients are treated with the care and compassion they deserve. The first step toward reducing frequent flyer behaviors and improving patient care is identifying which patients make up this demographic. Yes, there are drug seekers, but they’re fewer than you might think. Most drug seekers move between medical centers in order to disguise their behavior, and with greater restrictions on pain medications and the use of prescription monitoring programs (PMPs), drug seekers typically get their drugs from reliable community prescribers or illicit sources such as street dealers. Most frequent flyer patients, then, are people with real medical needs who lack access to sufficient community care. Consider, for example, patients with fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood pain disorder characterized by widespread muscle aches and fatigue, as well as a range of associated conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), endometriosis, and interstitial cystitis, among others. During flares, these patients may experience severe pain that leads to emergency room visits, but what they really need is extensive outpatient support and reliable strategies for managing disease flares. Other conditions, including chronic fatigue syndrome, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and even migraines can all result in frequent flyer behaviors, but these patients have legitimate reasons for seeking care. The real problem is that the emergency room isn’t the right place for them to receive it. Finally, hospital administrators and doctors shouldn’t overlook class as a central factor in excessive service use. Patients with no insurance or minimal, catastrophic coverage may not have a primary care provider or may not be able to afford regular medical care. In fact, low-income patients regularly cite costs, quality of care, and even transportation options as reasons for going to the ER rather than to a general practitioner. Once you understand what causes excessive ER use, your hospital has the means to establish alternative protocols that will benefit both patients and hospital staff. It all starts by looking at the data. At Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas, social workers and administrators identified a group of patients who had visited the ER at least 10 times in a one-month span. They looked their unpaid bills. Patterns emerged. Many were homeless or mentally ill. And then they began to ask questions. Could they send medications by courier to homeless patients who came to the ER for simple refills? And what if they could provide social work services and follow-ups in conjunction with food pantries or shelters? By embedding services in the community, Parkland discovered that frequent flyers stopped showing up and their health improved. Another program that hospitals have found improves patient outcomes and reduces frequent flyer behaviors is improved patient education programs. At St. Anthony’s, a rural Oregon hospital, for example, patients who didn’t qualify for home healthcare services were overusing the hospital for basic services. Because of the location, most of these patients had few, if any, other options for convenient care. When St. Anthony’s began its community health worker program, which assists patients in making follow-up appointments and refilling and understanding proper use of medication, patients were better able to stick to treatment regimens, improve their health, and avoid unnecessary ER visits. Finally, hospitals need to instate protocols for long-term drug users (LTDUs), who often present like addicts but are, in fact, using appropriately prescribed opioid medications to manage chronic health problems. These patients pose a real challenge to hospitals that are under pressure to reduce opioid prescribing, and while hospitals may consider referring them to alternative pain management programs, overall, they should practice compassion and consult with their current physician. Just because a patient requires opioids for pain management doesn’t mean they’re addicted. Frequent flyers are a strain on our emergency room system, but almost every one of them has a legitimate reason for being there. Hospital systems need to have a plan for helping reduce these visits without compromising patient care or dignity. How will your hospital reach this vulnerable community and meet their needs?
0.997887	October 11th, 1943 a British spy plane encounters danger whilst trying to reach France. They crash land but "Verity" is arrested by the Gestapo. Desperate for information, they try to wheedle anything out of her. She's faced with two choices: reveal her mission or be executed. I don't think I've ever read such a great war novel like this, and very different as well. Don't let the setting and the countless strategies and airplane names fool you. Code Name Verity is essentially a story of trust, loyalty and friendship. It's full of love and despair that at the end, I was pretty much devastated by what was happening and was not aware of how much I had grown attached to the character "Verity". In fact, "Verity" is the codename for the protagonist of the first half of the novel. She is tortured into revealing the truth of the British airforce (or something like that) and caves in. What is suppose to be a report turns into a story of her meeting and becoming friends with Maddie - codename Kitty Hawk. Maddie is a predominate character in the novel, very much the main character if not for the two narrators. She continues on from Verity's recount through the second part and Wein attempts to differentiate them according to their style of language. It's easy to tell them apart and I found that I grew attached to both characters. I really did fall in love with Verity as a character, even more so through the perspective of Maddie. They're both really badass female characters but Verity has a charm and a passion within her that resonates throughout the novel. Wein succeeded in establishing well thought out characters that had dimension and could easily sway a reader. That really added to the enjoyment of my reading. Plot wise there were some low and high points. It was actually a pretty dense read even though the book looked small. It wasn't a fast pace read, but I could understand why readers had to plod through some moments just to get to the bigger events. When you're stuck in a jail the time is slow and that reflects in Verity's writing. It makes it realistic and I didn't lose interest despite the steady pace. I felt like Maddie's part was a little windy. I had to go back to keep checking if I was reading something right or even just skimming parts because I was getting impatient. Still, the wait was worth it with what the ending brought. Wein was working towards a brilliant and very captivating ending. It really left me shocked and I had to reread that part over and over again to see if I missed anything. The novel was left open ended but in a very sweet manner, so that whilst Wein didn't push that ending, readers can still gather what is likely to occur. If you think this is solely a war based novel then think again. It definitely gives a whole new meaning to the war life, and just humanity in general. I feel like we all know the stories of the Nazi period but Code Name Verity provides an aspect no one really cared to think about. It's great that Wein produced two lively female characters who held high positions in the airforce, and she really knew what she was talking about considering she's a pilot herself. There were things to fault on but I thoroughly enjoyed reading this. I feel like it's a novel I'll constantly remember.
0.827617	Hieromartyr Cyrillos Lukaris, also Cyril I Lucaris, Cyril Loukaris or Cyril Lucar, was a Greek prelate and theologian. He was Patriarch of Alexandria as Cyril III from 1601 to 1620 and Patriarch of Constantinople as Cyril I for five different periods from 1620 until 1638. He was the first great name in the Orthodox Church after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and dominated its history in the seventeenth century. Although the Calvinist confession attributed to him caused great controversy in the Orthodox Church, Hieromartyr Cyril Lucaris (†1638) was honoured as a Saint and Martyr shortly after his martyric death, and the Venerable Saint Eugenios of Aitolia (†1682, August 5) compiled an Akolouthia (Service) to celebrate his memory. The official glorification of Hieromartyr Cyril Loukaris took place by decision of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria on October 6, 2009, and his memory is commemorated on June 27. Cyril Lucaris was born in Candia (Heraklion), Crete on November 13, 1572 during the time Crete was occupied by the Venetian Republic. In his early youth he studied under a number of eminent scholars including Maximus Marguius, Bishop of Kythira. For his later education he traveled through Europe, studied at Venice, Padua, and Geneva. In Geneva, he came under the influence of the reformed faith as represented by John Calvin. He developed a great antipathy toward Roman Catholicism after he had pursued theological studies in Venice, Padua, Wittenberg, and Geneva. In addition to being fluent in Greek, he learned Latin thoroughly during his student days. He was ordained a deacon in 1593, when he was 21 years old and, later, was ordained a priest by Patriarch Meletius Pegas, Patriarch of Alexandria. Patr. Meletius Pegas sent Cyril to Poland in 1596 to lead the opposition by the Orthodox to the Union of Brest that proposed a union of Kiev with Rome. During this time, he was a professor at the Orthodox academy in Vilnus, now the capital of Lithuania. In 1601, he was elected Patriarch of Alexandria, succeeding Patr. Meletius Pegas, a position he filled with dedication for nineteen years. During this time he re-organized the finances of the patriarchate and repaired churches in addition to preaching and maintaining constant correspondence with the Patriarch of Jerusalem and Cyprus. In 1612, he was locum tenens of the Church of Constantinople for a short time. On November 4, 1620, the Holy Synod of Constantinople elected Cyril Patriarch of Constantinople. His patriarchate was broken into five different periods: 1620 to 1623, 1623 to 1633, 1633 to 1634, 1634 to 1635, and 1637 to 1638, by intrigues involving the the papacy, reformists, Jesuits, and the Ottoman sultan that included schemes against Cyril to discredit him by spreading rumors he was a Calvinist. After each deposition, Patr. Cyril was re-elected by the clergy supported by the Orthodox population. It is alleged that the great aim of his life was to reform the Church on Calvinistic lines, and to this end he sent many young Greek theologians to the universities of Switzerland, the northern Netherlands and England. In 1629, his famous Confessio (Calvinistic in doctrine) was published in Latin, but as far as possible accommodated to the language and creeds of the Orthodox Church. From 1629 to 1633, it appeared in two Latin editions, four French, one German and one English. The "Confession" started a controversy in the Eastern Church which culminated in 1672 in the convocation by Dositheus, Patriarch of Jerusalem, of a synod by which the Calvinistic doctrines were condemned. Since then, eminent historians, theologians, and researchers have attempted to clarify whether Cyril Lucaris was the actual author of the "Confession" attributed by the Calvinists to him. While Cyril denied it verbally a number of times and proclaimed his Orthodox faith in his letters as well by his attitude, he did not disavow the "Confession" in writing. The orthodoxy of Cyril Lucaris himself has continued to be a matter of debate in the Eastern Church. Even Dositheus, in view of the reputation of the great patriarch, thought it expedient to gloss over his heterodoxy in the interests of the Church. Cyril was also particularly well disposed towards the Anglican Church, and his correspondence with the Archbishops of Canterbury is extremely interesting. Through his contacts with the Church of England, he also set up a program of sending young Greeks to England to study. Among these students was the youth from Macedonia, Metrophanes Kritopoulos who later would become Patriarch of Alexandria. Both Cyril and Metrophanes were lovers of books and manuscripts, and acquired manuscripts that today adorn the Patriarchal Library. Cyril also presented King James I of England with a fine manuscript of the Holy Bible, known as Codex Alexandrinus. He also sent a manuscript of the Pentateuch, with Arabic translation, to Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury. Thus, when the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV was about to set out for the Persian War, the patriarch was accused of a design to stir up the Cossacks. and the Sultan had Cyril strangled by the Janissaries on June 27, 1638. His body was thrown into the Bosporus and was later recovered after being washed ashore on Halki Island. His body was buried at the Monastery of Panagia Kamariotissa on Halki by Patr. Parthenius I. "Despite Western references to Patriarch Kyrillos’ wide contacts with the Reformers, he is in fact most famous in the Orthodox world for his anti-Papist stand against the Uniate menace and for his opposition to Jesuit missions in Eastern Europe. His contacts in Eastern Europe, where he studied, served, and traveled, were extensive. His opposition to Uniate Catholicism after the Brzeesc-Litewski Treaty of 1596 was so strong and widespread, that his so-called "Confession," whatever its true source, is a mere footnote to his struggle against Papism. It was THIS anti-Latin Loukaris who supported Protestant opposition to Papism, who perhaps allowed his views to be restated and published by his Calvinist contacts in Geneva, and who earned the enduring hatred of the Papacy, which has played an essential role — if one reads the intellectual history surrounding this issue — in perpetuating the idea that the "Confessio" was the direct work of Kyrillos and that he was a Protestant in his thinking." "in the bold policy of this Patriarch...we find mixed and mingled many of the conflicting trends which distracted the Greek community of the seventeenth century with a multitude of warring influences — conservatism against reform; Orthodox mysticism against the materialistic rationalism of the West; traditional Byzantinism against the emerging spirit of the new Greece. Buffeted between the Ottoman authorities on the one side and the Western powers on the other, battling against the infiltration of Roman Catholicism, Cyril Loukaris gave his own original reply to the problem of relations between Orthodoxy and Western Christianity. In doing so he 'crystallized and translated into action the confused aspirations of a Greece which was just beginning to collect its thoughts with a view to making contact with Western civilization.' His attempted reform of the clergy, his introduction of a calendar dated from the Nativity of Christ in place of the old Byzantine chronology dated from the Creation, the establishment by Nicodemus Metaxas, at Constantinople, of the first Greek press in the East (1627), the translation of the New Testament into popular Greek (Geneva, 1638) 'are works of mark, witnessing to the breadth of view and the bold initiative of this great reformer'." ↑ (Greek) "Στις 27 Ιουνίου του 1638 Λατίνοι και εβραίοι εξαγόρασαν με 4.000 τάλληρα τον Μέγα Βεζύρη Βαϊράμ Πασά και με διαταγή του συνελήφθη και εξετελέσθη ο Κύριλλος Λούκαρις με την κατηγορία ότι προπαρασκεύαζε εθνική επανάσταση των Ελλήνων με την βοήθεια των Ορθοδόξων Κοζάκων." ↑ (Greek) Άγιος Κύριλλος Λούκαρις Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής. 27/06/2013. ↑ Patrinelis, Christos (1975a). "Antagonismos ton ideon Metarrythmiseos kai Antimetarrythmiseos" [Conflict between the Ideas of Reform and Counterreform]. In: Istoria tou Ellinikou Ethnous. 1, 130. Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. In: Christos Yannaras. Orthodoxy and the West: Hellenic Self-Identity in the Modern Age. Transl. Peter Chamberas and Norman Russell. Brookline: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006. p. 79. ↑ Archbishop Chrysostomos of Etna. The Myth of the "Calvinist Patriarch". Orthodox Christian Information Center. Retrieved 19 October 2013. This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain (see also entry in the latest online edition of Encyclopædia Britannica). Archbishop Germanos on Anglicanism by Canon J. A. Douglas, Ph.D. (a response to the above "Progress Towards the Re-Union of the Orthodox and Anglican Churches" This page was last edited on October 19, 2013, at 19:54.
0.984162	I'm talking about pay-per-click search engines, and how they've become a really bad investment! There are two reasons for the deterioration of pay-per-click search engines: high bid prices and out of control click fraud. A few years back, you could get popular keywords at a halfway decent bid price. Nowadays, even moderately popular keywords are ridiculously high. How high? Well, let me give you an example, using the most popular pay-per-click search engine: Overture. Let's take the popular keyword phrase, "home business." At the time this article was written, Overture's top bid for the keyword phrase "home business" was an exorbitantly high $2.28. Just to get on the first page, it would cost you $0.61, which would place you last at number forty. Now let's just delve inside the numbers for a moment, shall we? I'm not going to even bother breaking down the number one bid price, because quite frankly, it's obvious the top spot is reserved for and controlled by the high-rollers. So, let's break down bid number forty. The bid price of $0.61 means that for every 100 visitors Overture sends to your website, it's going to cost you $61.00. Now, here's where the numbers really get interesting. According to the so-called experts, a decent conversion ratio is right around one percent. In other words, one out of every one hundred visitors to your website converts to a sale. I happen to know for a fact that most websites don't even come close to converting one percent. However, that's a subject for another day. Using the very generous one percent conversion ratio, here's the problem. Unless you're selling a big-ticket item and making $100 or more per sale, it's impossible to make any real money with pay-per-click search engines. You just can't do it! For example, if you're selling a $20 e-book and you're paying $61 to get one hundred visitors to your website, with a one percent conversion ratio, that means your website is making a measly $20 for every one hundred visitors. That leaves you $41 in the hole. Even, if you were selling a $50 product, you'd still be $11 in the negative. And even if you cut the bid price in half and made it $0.30, there's still another problem. It's called click fraud and it's a major problem among all of the pay-per-click search engines. In a nutshell, click fraud is what occurs when someone fraudently clicks on your ad over and over again, without any intention of responding to your offer. Click fraud hurts advertisers by driving up the cost of each click because many online advertising programs adjust the price of each click based on the popularity of a particular keyword and the number of competing advertisers. And depending on how popular your keyword is, it can take just a few minutes to register hundreds or even thousands of clicks. Click fraud can quickly deplete your pay-per-click account and leave you with nothing to show for your expentiture. At the present time, the pay-per-click search engines seem to be powerless to stop click fraud. To their credit, Google even admitted as such. In conclusion, because of unreasonably high bid prices and rampant, out of control click fraud, I consider pay-per- click search engines a really bad investment, and recommend you stay away from them! To be a successful affiliate marketer takes a ton of work. You probably know this by now. Google is probably one of the single most importantrevolutions of having a successful Internet business.If you can use it effectively then you'll be able tofirst build a database, and second attract targeted buyers. What was once such a good thing is now a rip-off and a sham!I'm talking about pay-per-click search engines, and how they've become a really bad investment!There are two reasons for the deterioration of pay-per-click search engines: high bid prices and out of control click fraud.A few years back, you could get popular keywords at a halfway decent bid price. Webmasters know that Adsense generates a sizeable source of additional advertising income. That's why they're using it to go after the "high paying keywords.
0.956065	Can you guess the songs from the lyrics below? The answers are provided by clicking the link at the end. 1. "it's stopped raining, everybody's in a play and don't you know it's a beautiful new day" 2. "I see birds and trees, all the colours of the world, so beautiful, won't you come with me?" 3. "Why must you record my phone calls? Are you planning a bootleg LP?" 4. "It is no lie, I see deeply into the future. Imagine everything, you're close and were you there to stand so cautiously at first and then so high" 5. "In my mind and in my car, we can't rewind, we've gone too far" 6. "Too many words are left unspoken, the silent voices are driving me crazy" 7. "He's got to be caught, he's got to be taught, 'cause he is more evil than anyone here ever thought" 8. "I will drive past your house and if the lights are all out, I'll see who's around" 9. "I would call you up every Saturday night and we'd both stay out 'til the morning light" 10. "And if there's anybody left in here that doesn't want to be out there" 11. "Driving at ninety down those country lanes singing to Tiny Dancer" 12. "With no lovin' in our souls and no money in our coats, you can't say we're satisfied" 13. "Gravity can't forget to pull me back to the ground again" 14. "Oh hello Mrs Jones, how's your Bert's lumbago?" 15. "Gunpowder, gelatine, dynamite with a laser beam"
0.975548	How-to: FreeBSD vs Linux performance? I know that FreeBSD is famous for being highly stable, secure and of course open source. So I am going to try it on one of my servers. However, I am wondering what are the pros and cons of Using FreeBSD instead of Ubuntu or other Linux flavors? I am specially interested to know about the difference in php/mysql performance between the two, given the hardware is the same and one uses the optimal server configurations. Answer [by larsks]: FreeBSD vs Linux performance? The best way to answer question is to load Linux, run some performance tests, and then load FreeBSD and run the same suite of tests. If you get better performance from one or the other, stick with that. You’re not really going to get a good answer to this question. The truth is that both are fine solutions (both are “highly stable, secure and of course open source”) and depending on your personal tastes, hardware configuration, and specific tasks you’re trying to accomplish, one may be better than the other. FreeBSD or Debian Linux? FreeBSD or Linux?
0.938001	For the past 50 years, Glenn Phillips has made his living as a guitarist and composer, with 18 critically acclaimed albums out under his own name. Two of his recent releases received 4-star reviews in Rolling Stone, including Echoes, a double CD compilation with a 40-page booklet written by Phillips. Of his work, Stereo Review writes, "To say that Glenn Phillips plays guitar is like saying Michael Jordan takes shots at the basket." Rolling Stone writes, "If rock & roll guitarists were kamikaze pilots, Glenn Phillips would be in heaven right now," and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution describes his 2003 release, Angel Sparks, as "armchair travel to a place you didn't even know existed." Born in 1950, his musical career began in 1967, as a founding member and songwriter of the legendary Hampton Grease Band. The group released a double LP on Columbia and played with countless classic bands of the era, including Jimi Hendrix, The Grateful Dead, Fleetwood Mac and The Allman Brothers. Frank Zappa was a fan of the band, and one of their many historic shows was at the Fillmore East with Zappa's Mothers of Invention. Phillips jammed with Zappa that evening, as did John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Sony recently re-released the Hampton Grease Band, which included an extensive history of the group written by Phillips. It received a 9 out of 10, "near perfect" rating in Spin Magazine. In 1973 Phillips began his solo career. Lowell George, the leader of Little Feat, called him "the most amazing guitarist I've ever seen," and Phillips frequently sat in with the band. In 1975, he released his first album, Lost at Sea. Recorded at home and self-released, it predated, as well as influenced, the entire do-it-yourself movement that overtook rock music several years later. It was championed by influential British DJ John Peel, who played it regularly on the BBC, and London's leading music magazine, Melody Maker, held a reader's poll, where it came in 2nd. That was followed by a call from famed entrepreneur Richard Branson, who was then head of Virgin Records. They signed Phillips and brought him overseas to tour extensively, including a concert at London's famed Rainbow Theater. In the years since, Phillips has toured and recorded regularly. He's also collaborated with artists as diverse as Bob Weir of the Grateful Dead, Pete Buck of REM, and Cindy Wilson of the B-52's. Phillips' 1988 recording with Henry Kaiser received San Francisco's coveted Bammy award and NPR has played his music regularly on All Things Considered for the past 15 years. The one constant throughout his career has been that his music has remained as unique as it is acclaimed. From Relix, "Phillips is a guitarist with flair and imagination and seemingly limitless technical ability. He comes up with a sound that defies categorization. His music is melodic, it's tough, it's uplifting, it's inventive and highly recommended," and from Guitar Player, "A supremely musical player, Phillips has something few musicians attain: a voice of his own."
0.935942	The Shaolin Monastery (Chinese: 少林寺; pinyin: Shàolín sì), also known as the Shaolin Temple, is a Chan ("Zen") Buddhist temple in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, China. Dating back 1,500 years when founded by Fang Lu-Hao, Shaolin Temple is the main temple of the Shaolin school of Buddhism to this day. The name refers to the forests of Shaoshi (少室; Shǎo Shì) mountain, one of the seven peaks of Song mountains. The first Shaolin Monastery abbot was Batuo (also called Fotuo or Buddhabhadra), a dhyāna master who came to China from India or from Greco-Buddhist Central Asia in 464 AD to spread Buddhist teachings. According to the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks (645 AD) by Daoxuan, Shaolin Monastery was built on the north side of Shaoshi, the central peak of Mount Song, one of the Sacred Mountains of China, by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei dynasty in 477 AD, to accommodate the India master beside the capital Luoyang city. Yang Xuanzhi, in the Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang (547 AD), and Li Xian, in the Ming Yitongzhi (1461), concur with Daoxuan's location and attribution. The Jiaqing Chongxiu Yitongzhi (1843) specifies that this monastery, located in the province of Henan, was built in the 20th year of the Taihe era of the Northern Wei dynasty, that is, the monastery was built in 495 AD. The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty was a supporter of Shaolin Temple, and he wrote the calligraphic inscriptions that still hang over the Heavenly King Hall and the Buddha Hall today. Other scholars see an earlier connection between Da Mo and the Shaolin Monastery. Scholars generally accept the historicity of Da Mo (Bodhidharma) who arrived in China around 480. Da Mo (Bodhidharma) and his disciples are said to have lived a spot about a mile from the Shaolin Temple that is now a small nunnery. In the 6th century, around 547, The Record of the Buddhist Monasteries says Da Mo visited the area near Mount Song. In 645 The Continuation of the Biographies of Eminent Monks describes him as being active in the Mount Song region. Around 710 Da Mo is identified specifically with the Shaolin Temple (Precious Record of Dharma's Transmission or Chuanfa Baoji) and writes of his sitting facing a wall in meditation for many years. It also speaks of Huikes many trials in his efforts to receive instruction from Da Mo. In the 11th century a (1004) work embellishes Da Mo legends with great detail. A stele inscription at the Shaolin Monastery dated 728 reveals Da Mo residing on Mount Song. Another stele in 798 speaks of Huike seeking instruction from Da Mo. Another engraving dated 1209 depicts the barefoot saint holding a shoe according to the ancient legend of Da Mo. A plethora of 13th- and 14th-century steles feature Da Mo in Various roles. One 13th-century image shows him riding a fragile stalk across the Yangtze River. In 1125 a special temple was constructed in his honor at the Shaolin Monastery. According to legend, during the Tang dynasty, Emperor Taizong granted the Shaolin Temple extra land and special "imperial dispensation" to eat meat, and drink, which would make Shaolin the only temple in China that did not prohibit alcohol, although this practice has ceased today. This legend is not corroborated in any period documents, such as the Shaolin Stele erected in 728. The stele does not list any such imperial dispensation as reward for the monks' assistance during the campaign against Wang Shichong, only land and a water mill are granted. In the past, many have tried to capitalise on Shaolin Monastery fame by building their own schools on Mount Song. However, the Chinese government eventually outlawed this; the schools were moved to the nearby towns. A dharma gathering was held from August 19 to August 20, 1999, in Shaolin Monastery for Shi Yongxin's assumption of office as abbot. In March 2006, Russian President Vladimir Putin became the first foreign leader to visit the monastery. In 2007, the Chinese government partially lifted the 300-year ban of the Jieba. The Jieba is the ancient ceremony of the nine marks, which are burned onto the head with sticks of incense. The ban was partially lifted only for those who were mentally and physically prepared to participate in the tradition. West Arrival Hall (西来堂; xi lai tang) aka Kung fu Hall (锤谱堂; chui pu tang) (built 1984). Heavenly Kings (Devaraja) Palace Hall (天王殿; tian wang dian) (built in Yuan dynasty; repaired in Ming,Qing dynasties). Mahavira Palace Hall (大雄宝殿; da xiong bao dian) aka Main Hall or Great Hall (built maybe 1169; reconstructed 1985). Dharma (Sermon) Hall (法堂; fa tang) aka Scripture Room (藏经阁; zang jing ge): (reconstructed 1993). Standing in Snow Pavilion (立雪亭; li xue ting) aka Bodhidharma Bower (达摩庭; da mo ting): (reconstructed 1983). White Robe (Avalokitesvara) Palace Hall (白衣殿; bai yi (Guan yin) dian) aka Kung fu Hall (quan pu dian) (built in Qing dynasty). 1000 Buddha Palace Hall (千佛殿; qian fo dian) aka Pilu Pavilion (毗庐阁; pi lu ge): (built 1588; repaired 1639,1776). 1 2 Lin 1996, p. 183. ↑ Bishop, Mark (1989). Okinawan Karate: Teachers, Styles and Secret Techniques. A&C Black, London. ISBN 0-7136-5666-2. ↑ Leff, Norman. Martial Arts Legends (magazine). "Atemi Waza", CFW Enterprises, April 1999. 1 2 3 Gene Ching. Kungfumagazine.com, Bak Sil Lum vs. Shaolin Temple. ↑ Polly, Matthew. American Shaolin: Flying Kicks, Buddhist Monks, and the Legend of Iron Crotch: An Odyssey in the New China Gotham Books, 2007, Page 37; Google Books, Accessed November 7, 2010. ↑ Jiang Yuxia. Xinhuanet.com, Luxurious toilets debut in Shaolin Temple. Xinhua. 8 April 2008.
0.999995	In the question a part of the sentence is italicised. Alternatives to the italicised part is given which may improve the sentence. Choose the correct alternative. In case no improvement is needed. Option 'D' is the answer. She "gave" most of her time to music. (A) The whole thing moves/ (B) around the concept of building a small dynamic/(C) organisation into a larger one./(D) No error. In each of the following questions, find out which part of the sentence has an error. if there is no mistake the answer is 'no error'.
0.970722	How many countries has the USA invaded since 1945? Abbey Rhodes, A decades-long passion for history. Let me see if I do this off the top of my head: 1) we invaded North Korea (at the request of South Korea), 2–4) we invaded Vietnam,Cambodia and Laos 4–5) we invaded Iraq twice, 6) Afghanistan, and oh, yeah, 7) in 1983 we invaded Granada, 8) we invaded Cuba quite unsuccessfully. And then there all the African countries that we ‘semi-invaded’ — under the guise of training and equipping (w/ lots of US boots on the ground): Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia –not to mention operations in Libya, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Djibouti — that’s,let’s see: a total of 23 and I’m sure I left some out.

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