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Recreational Athlete: A natural Person who is so defined by the relevant National Anti -Doping Organization; provided, however, the term shall not include any Person who, within the five (5) years prior to committing any anti -doping rule violation, has been an International -Level Athlete (as defined by each International Federation consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations) or National -Level Athlete (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization consistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations), has represented any country in an International Event in an open category or has been included within any Registered Testing Pool or other whereabouts information pool maintained by any International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization.
[Comment to Recreational Athlete: The term “open category” is meant to exclude competition that is limited to junior or age group categories.]
Registered Testing Pool : The pool of highest -priority Athletes established separately at the international level by International Federations and at the national level by National Anti-Doping Organizations, who are subject to focused In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of that International Federation's or National Anti -Doping Organization's test distribution plan and therefore are required to provide whereabouts information as provided in Article 5.5 and the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Results Management : The process encompassing the timeframe between notification as per Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , or in certain cases (e.g., Atypical Finding, Athlete Biological Passport , whereabouts failure ), such pre -notification steps expressly provided for in Article 5 of the International Standard for Results Management , through the charge until the final resol ution of the matter, including the end of the hearing process at first instance or on appeal (if an appeal was lodged).
Sample or Specimen : Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control .
[Comment to Sample or Specimen: It has someti mes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups.
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.]
ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 12 of 92 Signatories: Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code, as provided in Article 23 .
Substantial Assistance: For purposes of Article 10.7.1 , a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information he or she possesses in relation to anti -doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1 and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation and adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti -Doping Organization or hearing panel.
Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.
Tampering : Intentional conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods .
Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample, affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample, falsifying documents submitted to an Anti -Doping Organization or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti -Doping Organization or hearing body to affect Re sults Management or the imposition of Consequences , and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control .
[Comment to Tampering: For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form during Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Doping Control process.
Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results Management and hearing process.
See Code Article 10.9.3.3.
However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defense to an anti -doping rule violation charge shall not be considered Tampering.
Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.]
Target Testing : Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations .
Team Sport : A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition .
Technical Document : A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing mandatory technical requirements on specific anti -doping topics as set forth in an International Standard.
Testing : The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory .
WADA: The World Anti -Doping Agency.
3.2 Defined Terms from the International Standard for Laboratories: ABP Laboratory: A laboratory not otherwise accredited by WADA, which is approved by ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 13 of 92 WADA to apply Analytical Methods and processes in support of the hematological module of the ABP program and in accordance with the criteria for approval of non -accredited laboratories for the ABP.
Analytical Testing: The parts of the Doping Control process performed at the Laboratory , which include Sample handling, analysis and reporting of results.
Analytical Testing Procedure: A Fit -for-Purpose procedure, as demonstrated through method validation, and used to detect, identify and/or quantify Analytes in a Sample for Doping Control purposes in accordance with the ISL and relevant Technical Document(s) , Technical Letter(s) or Laboratory Guidelines .
An Analytical Testing Procedure is also referred to or known as an Analytical Method or Test Method .
Athlete Passport Management Unit (AP MU): A unit composed of a Person or Persons that is responsible for the timely management of Athlete Biological Passports in ADAMS on behalf of the Passport Custodian.
Confirmation Procedure (CP) : An Analytical Testing Procedure that has the purpose of confirming the presence and/or, when applicable, confirming the concentration/ratio/score and/or establishing the origin (exogenous or endogenous) of one or more specific Prohibited Substances , Metabolite (s) of a Prohibited Substanc e, or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in a Sample .
Further Analysis : Further Analysis , as this term is used in the ISL, occurs when a Laboratory conducts additional analysis on an “A” Sample or a “B” Sample after an analytical result for that “A” Sample or that “B” Sample has been reported by the Laboratory .
[Comment: There is no limitation on a Laboratory’ s authority to conduct repeat or confirma tion analysis, or to analyze a Sample with additional Analytical Methods , or to perform any other type of additional analysis on an “A” Sample or “B” Sample prior to reporting an analytical result on that Sample.
That is not considered Further Analysis .
If a Laboratory is to conduct additional analysis on an “A” Sample or “B” Sample after an analytical result for that Sample has been reported (for example: additional Sample analysis to detect EPO, or GC/C/IRMS analysis, or analysis in connection with the A thlete Biological Passport or additional analysis on a stored Sample) it may do so after receiving approval from the Testing Authority or Results Management Authority (if different) or WADA.
However, after an Athlete has been charged with a Code Article 2.
1 anti -doping rule violation based on the presence of a Prohibited Substance, Metabolite(s) of a Prohibited Substance, or Marker(s) of the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in a Sample, then Further Analysis on that Sample may only be perf ormed with the consent of the Athlete or approval from a hearing body (see Code Article 6.5).
Further Analysis may be performed by the same Laboratory that did the original Analytical Testing, or by a different Laboratory or other WADA -approved laboratory , at the direction of the Testing Authority or Results Management Authority (if different) or WADA.
Any other Anti -Doping Organization that wishes to conduct Further Analysis on a stored Sample may do so with the permission of the Testing Authority or Results Management Authority (if different) or WADA and shall be responsible for any follow -up Results Management.
Any Sample storage or Further Analysis initiated by WADA or another Anti -Doping Organization shall be at WADA’s or that Anti -Doping Organizat ion’s expense.]
ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 14 of 92 Laboratory : A WADA -accredited laboratory applying Test Methods and processes to provide evidentiary data for the detection and/or identification of Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods on the Prohibited List and, if applicable, quantification of a Threshold Substance in Samples of urine and other biological matrices in the context of Doping Control activities.
3.3 Defined Terms from the International Standard for Results Management : Adaptive Model : A mathematical model designed to identify unusual longitudinal results from Athletes .
The model calculates the probability of a longitudinal profile of Marker values, assuming that the Athlete has a normal physiological condition.
Failure to Comply: A term used to describe anti -doping rule violations under Code Articles 2.3 and/or 2.5.
Filing Failure : A failure by the Athlete (or by a third party to whom the Athlete has delegated the task) to make an accurate and complete Whereabouts Filing that enables the Athlete to be located for Testing at the times and locations set out in the Whereabouts Filing or to update that Whereabouts Filing where necessary to ensure that it remains accurate and complete, all in accordance with Article 4.8 of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and Annex B of the International Standard for Results Management .
Missed Test : A failure by th e Athlete to be available for Testing at the location and time specified in the 60- minute time slot identified in their Whereabouts Filing for the day in question, in accordance with Article 4.8 of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and Annex B of the International Standard for Results Management .
Passport Custodian : The Anti-Doping Organization responsible for Results Management of that Athlete’s Passport and for sharing any relevant information associated to that Athlete’s Passport with other Anti -Doping Organization(s).
Results Management Authority: The Anti-Doping Organization responsible for conducting Results Management in a given case.
Whereabouts Failure : A Filing Failure or a Missed Test .
3.4 Defined Terms from the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and Personal Information: Processing (and its cognates, Process and Processed) : Collecting, accessing, retaining, storing, disclosing, transferring, transmitting, amending, deleting or otherwise making use of Personal Information .
3.5 Defined Terms specific to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations : Blood Collection Of ficer (or BCO) : An official who is qualified and has been authorized by the Sample Collection Authority to collect a blood Sample from an Athlete.
Chain of Custody : The sequence of individuals or organizations who have responsibility for the custody of a Sample from the provision of the Sample until the Sample has been delivered to the Laboratory for analysis.
ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 15 of 92 Chaperone: An official who is suitably trained and authorized by the Sample Collection Authority to carry out specific duties including one or more of the following (at the election of the Sample Collection Authority ); notification of the Athlete selected for Sample collection; accompanying and observing the Athlete until arrival at the Doping Control Station ; accompanying and/or observing Athletes who are present in the Doping Control Station; and/or witnessing and verifying the provision of the Sample where t he training specifically qualifies them to do so.
Code Article 2.4 Whereabouts Requirements : The whereabouts requirements set out in Article 4.8, which apply to Athletes who are included in the Registered Testing Pool of an International Federation or a National Anti -Doping Organization.
Doping Control Coordinator : An Anti-Doping Organization or a Delegated Third Party that coordinates any aspect of Doping Control on behalf of an Anti -Doping Organization.
The Anti -Doping Organization always remains ultimately responsible under the Code for compliance with the requirements of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, Therapeutic Use Exemptions , Protection of Privacy and Personal Information, and Results Management .
Doping Control Officer (or DCO) : An official who has been trained and authorized by the Sample Collection Authority to carry out the responsibilities given to DCOs in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Doping Control Station : The location where the Sample Collection Session will be conducted in accordance with Article 6.3.2.
In-Competition Date : As described in Article 4.8.8.4 .
No Advance Notice Testing : Sample collection that takes place with no advance warning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through Sample provision.
Random Selection : Selection of Athletes for Testing which is not Target Testing.
Risk Assessment : The assessment of risk of doping in a sport or sports discipline conducted by an Anti -Doping Organization in accordance with Article 4.2.
Sample Collection Authority : The organization that is responsible for the collection of Samples in compliance with the requirements of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, whether (1) the Testing Authority itself; or (2) a Delegated Third Party to whom the authority to conduct Testing has been granted or sub -contracted.
The Testing Authority always remains ultimately responsible under the Code for compliance with the requirements of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations relating to collection of Samples .
Sample Collection Equipment : A and B bottles, kits or containers, collection vessels, tubes or other apparatus used to collect, hold or store the Sample at any time during and after the Sample Collection Session that shall meet the requirements of Article 6.3.4.
Sample Collection Personnel : A collective term for qualified officials authorized by the Sample Collection Authority to carry out or assist with duties during the Sample Collection Session.
ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 16 of 92 Sample Collection Session: All of the sequential activities that directly involve the Athlete from the point that initial contact is made until the Athlete leaves the Doping Control Station after having provided their Sample(s) .
Suitable Specific Gravity for Analysis : For Samples with a minimum volume of 90 mL and less than 150 mL, specific gravity measured at 1.005 or higher with a refractometer, or 1.010 or higher with lab sticks.
For Samples with a volume of 150 mL and above, specific gravity measured at 1.003 or higher with a refractometer only.
Suitable Volume of Urine for Ana lysis : A minimum of 90 mL, whether the Laboratory will be analy zing the Sample for all or only some Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods .
Tamper Evident : Refers to having one or more indicators or barriers to entry incorporated into or, if applicable, included with the Sample Collection Equipment , which, if breached or missing or otherwise compromised, can provide visible evidence that Tampering or Attempte d Tampering of Sample Collection Equipment has occurred.
Team Activity/Activities: Sporting activities carried out by Athletes on a collective basis as part of a team (e.g., training, travelling, tactical sessions) or under the supervision of the team (e.g., treatment by a team doctor).
Technical Document for Sport Specific Analysis (TDSSA) : The Technical Document which establishes minimum levels of analysis that Anti -Doping Organizations must apply to sports and sport disciplines for certain Prohibited Substances and/or Prohibited Methods , which are most likely to be abused in particular sports and sport disciplines.
Test(s) : Any combination of Sample(s) collected (and analyzed) from a single Athlete in a single Sample Collection Session.
Test Distribution Plan : A document written by an Anti -Doping Organization that plans Testing on Athletes , in accordance with the requirements of Article 4.
Testing Authority : The Anti-Doping Organization that authorizes Testing on Athletes it has authority over.
It may authorize a Delegated Third Party to conduct Testing pursuant to the authority of and in accordance with the rules of the Anti-Doping Organization.
Such authorization shall be documented.
The Anti-Doping Organization authorizing Testing remains the Testing Authority and ultimately responsible under the Code to ensure the Delegated Third Party conducting the Testing does so in compliance with the requirements of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Unsuccessful Attempt Report : A detailed report of an unsuccessful attempt to collect a Sample from an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool or Testing pool setting out the date of the attempt, the location visited, the exact arrival and departure times at the location, the steps taken at the location to try to find the Athlete (including details of any contact made with third parties ), and any other relevant details about the attempt.
Whereabouts Filing: Information provided by or on behalf of an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool that sets out the Athlete’s whereabouts during the current and/or following quarter, in accordance with Article 4.8.
3.6 Interpretation : ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 17 of 92 3.6.1 The official text of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations shall be published in English and French.
In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
3.6.2 Like the Code, the International Standard for Testing and Investigations has been drafted giving consideration to the principles of proportionality, human rights, and other applicable legal principles.
It shall be interpreted and applied in that light.
3.6.3 The comments annotating various provisions of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations shall be used to guide its interpretation.
3.6.4 Unless otherwise specified, references to Sections and Articles are references to Sections and Ar ticles of the International Standard for Testing and Investigations .
3.6.5 Where the term “days” is used in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, it shall mean calendar days unless otherwise specified.
3.6.6 The Annexes to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations have the same mandatory status as the rest of the International Standard.
ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 18 of 92 PART TWO: STANDARDS FOR TESTING 4.0 Planning Effective Testing 4.1 Objective 4.1.1 Each Anti-Doping Organization is required to plan and implement intelligent Testing on Athletes over whom it has authority which is proportionate to the risk of doping, and that is effective to detect and to deter such practices.
The objective of Article 4 is to set out the steps that are necessary to develop a Risk Assessment and produce a Test Distribution Plan that satisfies this requirement.
Code Article 23.3 requires Signatories to devote sufficient resources in order to implement Testing programs in all areas that are compliant with the Code and International Standards .
4.1.2 The Anti-Doping Organization shall ensure that Athlete Support Personnel and any other Persons with a conflict of interest are not involved in test distribution planning for their Athletes or in the process of selection of Athletes for Testing.
4.1.3 The Anti-Doping Organization shall document its Risk Assessment and Test Distribution Plan and shall provi de that Risk Assessment and Test Distribution Plan to WADA where requested.
The Anti-Doping Organization must be able to demonstrate to WADA’s satisfaction that it has made a proper assessment of the relevant risks and has developed and/or implemented an appropriate Test Distribution Plan based on the results of that assessment.
4.1.4 The Anti-Doping Organization shall monitor, evaluate and update its Risk Assessment and Test Distribution Plan during the year/cycle in light of changing circumstances and implementing the Test Distribution Plan.
It shall adapt its Test Distribution Plan to reflect new information gathered and intelligence developed by the Anti-Doping Organization and take into ac count Testing conducted by other Anti-Doping Organizations .
4.2 Risk Assessment 4.2.1 The starting point of the Test Distribution Plan shall be a considered Risk Assessment , conducted in good faith.
This assessment shall take into account (at a minimum) the following information: a) The physical and other demands of the relevant sport(s) (and/or discipline(s) within the sport(s)), considering in particular the physiological requirements of the sport(s)/sport discipline(s); b) Which Prohibited Substances and/or Proh ibited Methods an Athlete would consider most likely to enhance performance in the relevant sport(s)/sport discipline(s); c) The rewards and/or potential incentives for doping available at the different levels of the sport(s)/sport discipline(s) and for the nations participating in such sport(s)/sport discipline(s); d) The history of doping in the sport(s)/sport discipline(s), nation(s) and/or Event ; ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023 Page 19 of 92 [Comment to 4.2.1 (d): Unless there has been an effective Testing program in a sport, encompassing both In-Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing, a history of no or few Adverse Analytical Findings says little, if anything, about the risk of doping in that sport.]
e) Available statistics and research findings on doping trends (e.g., anti -doping Testing figures and anti -doping rule violation reports published by WADA ; peer -reviewed articles); f) Information received/intelligence developed on possible doping practices in the sport (e.g., Laboratory and APMU recommendations; Sample Collection Personnel reports; Athlete testimony; information from criminal investigations; and/or other information received/intelligence developed in accordance with WADA’s Guidelines for Information Gathering and Intelligence Sharing) in accordance with Article 11; g) The outcomes of previous test distribution planning cycles including past Testing strategies; h) At what points during an Athlete’s career in the sport/discipline an Athlete would be most likely to benefit from Prohibited Substances and/or Prohibited Methods; and i) Given the structure of the season for the sport/discipline in question (including standard Competition schedules and training patterns), at what time(s) during the year/cycle an Athlete would be most likely to benefit from Prohibited Substances and/or Prohibited Methods .
4.2.2 In developing its Test Distribution Plan, the Anti-Doping Organization should consider in good faith any Risk Assessment for the sport or discipline in question carried out by another Anti-Doping Organization with overlapping Testing Authority .
However, an International Federation is not bound by a National Anti -Doping Organization’s assessment of the risks of doping in a particular sport or discipline, and a National Anti -Doping Organization is not bound by an International Federation’s assessment of the risks of doping in a particular sport or discipline.
4.2.3 In developing its Test Distribution Plan, the Anti-Doping Organization shall incorporate the requirements of the TDSSA.