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metadata
license: mit
multilinguality: multilingual
task_categories:
  - multiple-choice
pretty_name: Tokenization Robustness
tags:
  - multilingual
  - tokenization
  - robustness
dataset_info:
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_abbreviations
    features:
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: choices
        list: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: int64
      - name: answer_label
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: subcategories
        dtype: string
      - name: lang
        dtype: string
      - name: second_lang
        dtype: string
      - name: notes
        dtype: string
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: set_id
        dtype: string
      - name: variation_id
        dtype: string
      - name: question_general_category
        dtype: string
      - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: token_counts
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: int64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: int64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: int64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: int64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: int64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: int64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: int64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: int64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: int64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: int64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: int64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: int64
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 10169
        num_examples: 18
    download_size: 33425
    dataset_size: 10169
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_canonical
    features:
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: choices
        list: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: int64
      - name: answer_label
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: subcategories
        dtype: string
      - name: lang
        dtype: string
      - name: second_lang
        dtype: string
      - name: notes
        dtype: string
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: set_id
        dtype: string
      - name: variation_id
        dtype: string
      - name: question_general_category
        dtype: string
      - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: token_counts
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: int64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: int64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: int64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: int64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: int64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: int64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: int64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: int64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: int64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: int64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: int64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: int64
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 1122
        num_examples: 2
    download_size: 28358
    dataset_size: 1122
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_character_deletion
    features:
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: choices
        list: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: int64
      - name: answer_label
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: subcategories
        dtype: string
      - name: lang
        dtype: string
      - name: second_lang
        dtype: string
      - name: notes
        dtype: string
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: set_id
        dtype: string
      - name: variation_id
        dtype: string
      - name: question_general_category
        dtype: string
      - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: token_counts
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: int64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: int64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: int64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: int64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: int64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: int64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: int64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: int64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: int64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: int64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: int64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: int64
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 4498
        num_examples: 8
    download_size: 30562
    dataset_size: 4498
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_currency_symbol
    features:
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: choices
        list: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: int64
      - name: answer_label
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: subcategories
        dtype: string
      - name: lang
        dtype: string
      - name: second_lang
        dtype: string
      - name: notes
        dtype: string
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: set_id
        dtype: string
      - name: variation_id
        dtype: string
      - name: question_general_category
        dtype: string
      - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: token_counts
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: int64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: int64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: int64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: int64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: int64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: int64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: int64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: int64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: int64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: int64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: int64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: int64
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 8300
        num_examples: 15
    download_size: 32265
    dataset_size: 8300
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_date_formats
    features:
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: choices
        list: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: int64
      - name: answer_label
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: subcategories
        dtype: string
      - name: lang
        dtype: string
      - name: second_lang
        dtype: string
      - name: notes
        dtype: string
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: set_id
        dtype: string
      - name: variation_id
        dtype: string
      - name: question_general_category
        dtype: string
      - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: token_counts
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: int64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: int64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: int64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: int64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: int64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: int64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: int64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: int64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: int64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: int64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: int64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: int64
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 13058
        num_examples: 24
    download_size: 34371
    dataset_size: 13058
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_unusual_formatting
    features:
      - name: question
        dtype: string
      - name: choices
        list: string
      - name: answer
        dtype: int64
      - name: answer_label
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: subcategories
        dtype: string
      - name: lang
        dtype: string
      - name: second_lang
        dtype: string
      - name: notes
        dtype: string
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: set_id
        dtype: string
      - name: variation_id
        dtype: string
      - name: question_general_category
        dtype: string
      - name: vanilla_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: trimmed_cos_sim_to_canonical
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: float64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: float64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: float64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: float64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: float64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: float64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: float64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: float64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: float64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: float64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: float64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: float64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: float64
      - name: token_counts
        struct:
          - name: CohereLabs/aya-expanse-8b
            dtype: int64
          - name: Qwen/Qwen3-8B
            dtype: int64
          - name: bigscience/bloom
            dtype: int64
          - name: common-pile/comma-v0.1-1t
            dtype: int64
          - name: facebook/xglm-564M
            dtype: int64
          - name: google-bert/bert-base-multilingual-cased
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/byt5-small
            dtype: int64
          - name: google/gemma-2-2b
            dtype: int64
          - name: gpt2
            dtype: int64
          - name: meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B
            dtype: int64
          - name: microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct
            dtype: int64
          - name: mistralai/tekken
            dtype: int64
          - name: tiktoken/gpt-4o
            dtype: int64
          - name: tokenmonster/englishcode-32000-consistent-v1
            dtype: int64
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 580
        num_examples: 1
    download_size: 27964
    dataset_size: 580
configs:
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_abbreviations
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_abbreviations/test-*
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_canonical
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_canonical/test-*
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_character_deletion
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_character_deletion/test-*
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_currency_symbol
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_currency_symbol/test-*
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_date_formats
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_date_formats/test-*
  - config_name: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_unusual_formatting
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: tokenizer_robustness_completion_general_unusual_formatting/test-*
language:
  - en
size_categories:
  - n<1K

Dataset Card for Tokenization Robustness

TokSuite Logo

TokSuite Bonus Benchmarks (General Collection)

This is a bonus TokSuite dataset containing a small set of high-signal examples that highlight surface-form variations known to affect tokenization robustness. It includes canonical questions alongside perturbations such as abbreviations, character deletion, currency symbols, diverse date formats, and unusual formatting. These examples focus on tokenization challenges that commonly arise in real-world text, providing a compact complement to the main TokSuite benchmarks.

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

The dataset was curated by the TokSuite research team at R3.

Licensing Information

MIT License

Citation Information

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the TokSuite paper:

@inproceedings{toksuite2026, title={TokSuite: Measuring the Impact of Tokenizer Choice on Language Model Behavior}, author={Altıntaş, Gül Sena and Ehghaghi, Malikeh and Lester, Brian and Liu, Fengyuan and Zhao, Wanru and Ciccone, Marco and Raffel, Colin}, booktitle={Preprint}, year={2026},, arxiv={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.20757}, url={TBD} }

Paper: TokSuite: Measuring the Impact of Tokenizer Choice on Language Model Behavior

Contributions

This dataset is part of TokSuite, which includes:

  • 14 language models with identical architectures but different tokenizers
  • Multilingual benchmark datasets (English, Turkish, Italian, Farsi, Chinese)
  • Comprehensive analysis of tokenization's impact on model behavior

Contact

For questions or issues related to this dataset, please refer to the TokSuite project or contact the authors of the paper.


Part of the TokSuite Project

Understanding Tokenization's Role in Language Model Behavior