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### Instruction:
Does selective antegrade cerebral perfusion via right axillary artery cannulation reduce morbidity and mortality after proximal aortic surgery?
### Response:
| Use of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion confers a survival advantage during proximal aortic surgery that is most apparent in the elective setting. Improved resource utilization and fewer pulmonary and renal complications were observed in patients with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. |
### Instruction:
Are neutrophils the predominant infected phagocytic cells in the airways of patients with active pulmonary TB?
### Response:
| Our results show that neutrophils are the predominant cell types infected with Mtb in patients with TB and that these intracellular bacteria appear to replicate rapidly. These results are consistent with a role for neutrophils in providing a permissive site for a final burst of active replication of the bacilli prior t... |
### Instruction:
Does once-daily evening dosing of mometasone furoate administered via a dry powder inhaler adversely affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?
### Response:
| Once-evening moderate dosing (400 microg) MF-DPI does not suppress HPA axis function in adults with mild to moderate asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does aldosterone contribute to blood pressure variance and to likelihood of hypertension in normal-weight and overweight African Americans?
### Response:
| PA, but not WC, is associated with BP and likelihood of hypertension in normal-weight AAs, whereas both WC and PA are predictive of hypertension in overweight and obese individuals. This suggests that aldosterone antagonists may be useful for the treatment of hypertension among AAs, regardless of BMI. |
### Instruction:
Are stage III thymic epithelial neoplasms homogeneous with regard to clinical , pathological , and prognostic features?
### Response:
| Heterogeneous prognostic subgroups based on tumor size and organs invaded were identified in patients with Masaoka stage III TENs. Therapeutic plans, based on these subgroups, will potentially improve patient management and treatment outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Do gangliosides protect bowel in an infant model of necrotizing enterocolitis by suppressing proinflammatory signals?
### Response:
| A bowel protective effect of gangliosides is indicated by modulation of vasoactive mediators and proinflammatory signal suppression. |
### Instruction:
Is p53 dispensable for the induction of apoptosis after inhibition of protein kinase CK2?
### Response:
| Wild-type p53 is not necessary for the induction of apoptosis by TBB in prostate cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Is lack of laboratory assessment of severe hyponatraemia associated with detrimental clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients?
### Response:
| Severe hyponatraemia is associated with prolonged admission and increased mortality compared with normonatraemic patients. Progressive hyponatraemia following admission incurs a higher risk of death. This may represent illness-severity, inappropriate management or inadequate investigation. |
### Instruction:
Do trends and determinants of reproductive health service use among young women in the USA?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates increasing social differentials in the use of reproductive health services for preventive care among young women in the USA between 1995 and 2002, a finding which calls for careful monitoring in the context of limited resources. |
### Instruction:
Is a balanced diet necessary for proper entrainment signals of the mouse liver clock?
### Response:
| Our results strongly suggest the following: (1) balanced diets containing carbohydrates/sugars and proteins are good for restricted feeding-induced entrainment of the peripheral circadian clock and (2) a balanced diet that increases blood glucose, but not by sugar alone, is suitable for entrainment. These findings may ... |
### Instruction:
Do experiences with the two incision minimal invasive hip replacement in 150 cases with a proximally hydroxyapatite coated implant?
### Response:
| The initial complication rate can be related to the learning curve using a new surgical technique. In the subsequent 102 surgeries there was one stem subsidence. The minimally invasive approach in THA remains new technique and carries additional risks. Secondary to the learning curve comparable short and long term foll... |
### Instruction:
Does ratio of directly necrotized volume to total volume of a submucosal myoma predict shrinkage after microwave endometrial ablation?
### Response:
| RODNeV is closely related to postoperative necrosis and shrinkage of the submucosal myoma after microwave endometrial ablation. Prediction of the shrinkage rate of submucous myomas appears to be possible by calculating the RODNeV preoperatively. |
### Instruction:
Does lack of supervision after residential cardiac rehabilitation increase cardiovascular risk factors?
### Response:
| At readmission, we observed an increase in CVD risk factors, although, physical fitness remained stable. Thus, failure of lifestyle modification after CR indicates the cause for concern. Reinforcement of home setting sessions of CR patients or other strategies to enhance long-term compliance to lifestyle changes could ... |
### Instruction:
Are markers of autophagy downregulated in failing human heart after mechanical unloading?
### Response:
| Mechanical unloading of the failing human heart decreases markers of autophagy. These findings suggest that autophagy may be an adaptive mechanism in the failing heart, and this phenomenon is attenuated by LVAD support. |
### Instruction:
Does cC chemokine receptor 9 enhance proliferation in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic cancer cells?
### Response:
| This is the first report of chemokine receptor CCR9 expression in murine and human PanIN tissues. Our results demonstrate enhanced PanIN and pancreatic cancer cell proliferation with activation of CCR9 by its selective ligand CCL25. CCR9 may prove to be a novel therapeutic target for PanIN and its progression to invasi... |
### Instruction:
Is expression and cytoplasmic localization of SAM68 a significant and independent prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that SAM68 could represent a novel and useful prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma. High SAM68 expression and cytoplasmic localization are associated with poor overall survival in renal cell carcinoma patients. |
### Instruction:
Does time-to-reperfusion therapy influence outcome of patients with myocardial infarction subjected to facilitated PCI?
### Response:
| Our study shows that among STEMI patients undergoing facilitated PCI, time-to-pharmacological reperfusion significantly affects left ventricular function recovery and long-term mortality. |
### Instruction:
Does percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Annuloplasty ( PTMA ) with the Viking device reduce pacing-induced mitral regurgitation?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the septo-lateral diameter of the mitral annulus, and the degree of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation, can be significantly reduced with a percutaneous catheter technique in surviving sheep. |
### Instruction:
Is passive smoking associated with lower serum HDL-C levels in school children?
### Response:
| Results suggest that ETS exposure at home is associated in a dose-related manner with lower serum HDL-C levels in primary school children. In addition, our results suggest that smoking in the presence of children who are not usually exposed to ETS increases the risk of arteriosclerosis. Given these findings, we strongl... |
### Instruction:
Does a novel missense mutation in the EVC gene underlie Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in a Pakistani family?
### Response:
| We herein report on the first family from Pakistan with a large number of individuals affected by EVC. DNA sequence analysis led to the identification of the fifth missense mutation in the EVC gene. |
### Instruction:
Do the 18F-FDG PET cingulate island sign and comparison to 123I-beta-CIT SPECT for diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies?
### Response:
| Both (18)F-FDG PET and (123)I-beta-CIT SPECT appear useful for the diagnosis of DLB, although the latter provides more robust results. The cingulate island sign may enhance the specificity of (18)F-FDG PET. |
### Instruction:
Is selective control of SIRP-alpha-positive airway dendritic cell trafficking through CD47 critical for the development of T ( H ) 2-mediated allergic inflammation?
### Response:
| Lung CD11b(high)CD103(-)SIRP-alpha+ DC migration is governed by self-CD47 expression, and manipulation of the CD47/SIRP-alpha pathway suppresses CD103(-)SIRP-alpha(+) DC-driven pathogenic T(H)2 responses and airway inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatocyte growth factor protect endothelial cells against gamma ray irradiation-induced damage?
### Response:
| HGF may afford protection to vascular endothelial cells against gamma ray irradiation-induced damage. |
### Instruction:
Is fatigue associated with impaired function of regulatory T cells in untreated patients with multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Fatigue seems not to be associated with impaired function of Treg cells in untreated MS patients. |
### Instruction:
Do patient and partner satisfaction after AMS inflatable penile prosthesis implant?
### Response:
| Penile prosthetic surgery constitutes a valid therapeutic alternative, capable of modifying the prognosis and the course of ED. This consideration is emphasized by the high rate of patients and partner's satisfaction emerged in our series and in literature. |
### Instruction:
Are low cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperatures associated with acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass surgery?
### Response:
| Lower CPB perfusion temperatures are significantly associated with AKI following CABG. In addition to the known age-related decline in renal function, it appears that hypothermia may contribute to renal injury during cardiac surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is aprotinin in lung transplantation associated with an increased incidence of primary graft dysfunction?
### Response:
| In conclusion, although the benefits of aprotinin on blood loss are well established, this study does not provide support for the use of aprotinin to reduce PGD in lung transplantation and indicates that aprotinin may in fact have a detrimental effect. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of p53 , p21 and p16 correlate with response to preoperative chemoradiation in gastric carcinoma?
### Response:
| We found no significant influence of p53, p21 nor p16 expression upon response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in gastric carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Os Pisiforme transposition in the treatment of Kienböck 's disease - long term result ]?
### Response:
| In nine patients, necrotic changes of the lunate occurred. In the patients whose pisiforme was not affected, a moderate retardation of carpal collapse occurred. However, the discrepancy between relevant indicators (C.H.I, Natrass index, RSA) was not statistically significant when comparing both groups. Therefore, we ca... |
### Instruction:
Is the functional intraoperative pulmonary blood flow study a more sensitive predictor than preoperative anatomy for right ventricular pressure and physiologic tolerance of ventricular septal defect closure after complete unifocalization in patients with pulmonary atresia , ventricular septal defect , ... | The intraoperative pulmonary flow study predicted postoperative physiology significantly better than did standard anatomic measures. Conventional measures should be used with caution when determining the possibility for complete repair. |
### Instruction:
Does intrauterine exposure to high saturated fat diet elevate risk of adult-onset chronic diseases in C57BL/6 mice?
### Response:
| Collectively, these data suggest that offspring of dams who consume a diet rich in saturated fats during pregnancy are at increased risk of adult-onset chronic disease. Additionally, these chronic diseases were determined to be in-part OS-mediated, and preventable by increasing a prenatal dietary antioxidant; this know... |
### Instruction:
Does gestational high saturated fat diet alter C57BL/6 mouse perinatal skeletal formation?
### Response:
| The theory of HFD-associated, OS-mediated placental damage and skeletal pathogenesis was supported by demonstrating a protective effect of the dietary antioxidant quercetin (Q) against HFD-associated fetal skeletal developmental delay. Improved understanding of the role of HFD and elevated OS in fetal skeletal developm... |
### Instruction:
Does coronary sinus stent implantation improve acute ischaemic mitral valve regurgitation ; an experimental safety and efficacy study?
### Response:
| A percutaneously deployed stent in the coronary sinus may help to decrease the severity of acute ischaemic mitral regurgitation. |
### Instruction:
Does vEGFR-2 silencing by small interference RNA ( siRNA ) suppress LPA-induced epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC ) invasion?
### Response:
| These results suggest that decreasing VEGFR-2 expression by RNAi may prove to be an effective method to reduce the metastatic potential of EOC cells exposed to elevated levels of LPA. |
### Instruction:
Does allogeneic blood transfusion increase the risk of wound infection in total knee arthroplasty?
### Response:
| This study failed to find any association between the incidence of wound infection after knee arthroplasty and allogeneic transfusion. |
### Instruction:
Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate diabetes-induced vascular inflammation in mice?
### Response:
| The present findings suggest that TNF alpha does not mediate diabetic-induced vascular inflammation in mice and reveal an unexpected protective role for TNF alpha. These effects are partly attributable to a direct antiinflammatory role of TNF alpha, but may also reflect a defective development of the immune system in t... |
### Instruction:
Does cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of human stem cell factor improve cardiac function and survival after myocardial infarction in mice?
### Response:
| Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of hSCF improves myocardial function and survival after MI. These beneficial effects of hSCF may result from increases in endothelial progenitor cell recruitment and neovascularization and decreases in myocardial apoptosis and cardiac remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Does treatment reduce or stabilizes brain imaging abnormalities in patients with MPS I and II?
### Response:
| This study represents one of the first to document the CNS effects of ERT in MPS patients utilizing serial brain MR imaging studies, and raises several important observations. Brain MRI abnormalities typically become more pronounced with age; initiation of ERT or HSCT reversed or stabilized this trend in the MPS patien... |
### Instruction:
Do a first principles approach to differential expression in microarray data analysis?
### Response:
| The median ANOVA (1-p) approach presented here is a very simple methodology that does not depend on any specific probe level or probe models, and does not require any pre-processing other than within-chip standardization of probe level log amplitudes. Its performance is comparable to other published methods on the stan... |
### Instruction:
Is preinjury statin use associated with a higher risk of multiple organ failure after injury : a propensity score adjusted analysis?
### Response:
| PIS use was independently associated with a higher risk of MOF postinjury. These results are contrary to previous analyses. The protective effect of statins may be lost in the severely injured, and modulation of the inflammatory response may result in higher morbidity. Further studies are required to better understand ... |
### Instruction:
Do elevated serum pancreatic enzyme levels after hemorrhagic shock predict organ failure and death?
### Response:
| : Serum levels of pancreatic enzymes are elevated in patients who present in shock or require a massive transfusion and are independent predictors of organ failure. Whether these elevations are caused by ischemic pancreatitis or the translocation of intraluminal enteric pancreatic enzymes is uncertain and future studie... |
### Instruction:
Does bbeta ( 15-42 ) protect against acid-induced acute lung injury and secondary pseudomonas pneumonia in vivo?
### Response:
| The fibrin-derived peptide Bbeta(15-42) exerted protective effects during ALI, resulting in diminished lung injury and preserved antibacterial properties of macrophages, which improved outcome during subsequent P. aeruginosa pneumonia. |
### Instruction:
Does enrichment from birth accelerate the functional and cellular development of a motor control area in the mouse?
### Response:
| This is the first demonstration that the early emergence of exploratory as well as coordinated movement is sensitive to experience. These behavioural changes are correlated with an acceleration of the emergence of striatal PNNs suggesting that they may consolidate the neural circuits underlying these behaviours. Finall... |
### Instruction:
Does a novel copper chelate modulate tumor associated macrophages to promote anti-tumor response of T cells?
### Response:
| Our results show the potential usefulness of CuNG in immunotherapy of drug-resistant cancers through reprogramming of TAMs that in turn reprogram the T cells and reeducate the T helper function to elicit proper anti-tumorogenic Th1 response leading to effective reduction in tumor growth. |
### Instruction:
Does normalization of zinc intake enhance neurological retrieval of patients suffering from ischemic strokes?
### Response:
| The normalization of Zn2+ intake in stroke patients with low mineral intake may enhance neurological recovery. |
### Instruction:
Is an NPC1L1 gene promoter variant associated with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia?
### Response:
| The -133A>G polymorphism exerts a significant effect on NPC1L1 promoter activity. NPC1L1 promoter variants might explain in part the hypercholesterolemic phenotype of some subjects with nonLDLR/nonAPOB ADH. |
### Instruction:
Do lonicera caerulea and Vaccinium myrtillus fruit polyphenols protect HaCaT keratinocytes against UVB-induced phototoxic stress and DNA damage?
### Response:
| The results suggest that the phenolic fraction of L. caerulea and V. myrtillus fruits suppress UVB-caused injury to keratinocytes. These results now need to be demonstrated in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Is c-Raf associated with disease progression and cell proliferation in a subset of melanomas?
### Response:
| C-Raf siRNA knock-down results in decreased viability of YULAC (B-Raf(V600K)) and YUROB (B-Raf(WT)) melanoma cells, likely mediated by Bcl-2 inhibition rather than mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition. Cotargeting C-Raf and parallel pathways might be an effective therapeutic approach for melanoma. C-Raf expressi... |
### Instruction:
Do spatial analysis of hospitalizations for pneumonia in the Vale do Paraíba region of Brazil?
### Response:
| The spatial analysis was successful in determining the spatial autocorrelation, as well as in identifying the cities in which an intervention is necessary regarding the number of hospitalizations for pneumonia in infants under one year of age. |
### Instruction:
Are adult intimate partner violence perpetrators significantly more likely to have witnessed intimate partner violence as a child than nonperpetrators?
### Response:
| The Perps were identified in a busy ED setting. Perps were significantly more likely than non-Perps to be ACWs, but not more likely to be victims. Spouse drug abuse and ACW were the 2 significant predictors of Perp. |
### Instruction:
Does ginsenoside Rg1 improve male copulatory behavior via nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway?
### Response:
| Ginsenoside Rg1 improved copulatory behavior of male mice and this may attribute to its actions at both testosterone level and signal transduction pathway in corpus cavernosum. NO/cGMP pathway appeared to play a key role in mediating the effect of Rg1 on male sexual function. These experimental data provide evidence th... |
### Instruction:
Does blood pressure control determine improvement in diastolic dysfunction in early hypertension?
### Response:
| Achieving good BP control and enhancement in systolic function determines the improvement in diastolic function in early hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does rigorous histopathological assessment of the colectomy specimen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease unclassified predict outcome after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis?
### Response:
| No single atypical histopathological feature of UC, or combination of features, was associated with any adverse pouch outcome after IPAA. There seems to be no value in performing a staged IPAA in IBDU patients. |
### Instruction:
Is ethanol self-administered into the nucleus accumbens shell , but not the core : evidence of genetic sensitivity?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that the AcbSh, but not AcbC, is a neuroanatomical structure that mediates the reinforcing actions of EtOH. The data also suggest that, compared to Wistar rats, the AcbSh of P rats is more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of EtOH. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms of the IL-1 gene complex associated with alcohol dependence in Spanish Caucasians : data from an association study?
### Response:
| Our findings provide further tentative evidence of the role of IL-1 in alcohol dependence as well as evidence that the nature of the associations may be direct, gender-specific, or involve haplotype effects. However, findings from single association studies constitute tentative knowledge and must be interpreted careful... |
### Instruction:
Are serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels associated with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling individuals?
### Response:
| These results suggested that higher serum GGT was significantly associated with MetS and its components in the general population. This association was related with insulin resistance but was independent of other confounding factors. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal pro-hepcidin at term correlate with cord blood pro-hepcidin at birth?
### Response:
| The present results suggest that pro-hepcidin is not associated with maternal or newborn iron homeostasis at term and birth, but may act in concert with the placenta, as evidenced by the correlation between maternal and fetal pro-hepcidin levels and their slight correlation with placental weight. |
### Instruction:
Is histological response a prognostic factor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced-stage ovarian cancer with no residual disease?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the degree of the histological response has a limited impact on survival when complete debulking surgery is achieved at IDS. The degree of tumour cell viability after initial chemotherapy is not a reliable marker for modifying chemotherapy after debulking surgery in such patients. |
### Instruction:
Are circulating matrix metalloproteinase-8 ( MMP-8 ) and MMP-9 increased in chronic periodontal disease and decrease after non-surgical periodontal therapy?
### Response:
| This study showed increased circulating MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels and proteolytic activity in periodontal disease patients that decrease after periodontal therapy. The effects of periodontal therapy suggest that it may attenuate inflammatory chronic diseases. |
### Instruction:
Are abnormal liver function test results related to metabolic syndrome and BMI in Taiwanese adults without chronic hepatitis B or C?
### Response:
| The prevalence of MS in Taiwanese adults without hepatitis B or C was found to be high, and MS and BMI were identified as being related to abnormal liver function test results in these adults. |
### Instruction:
Is fGFRL1 a neglected putative actor of the FGF signalling pathway present in all major metazoan phyla?
### Response:
| Our work sheds light on the existence of a putative FGF signalling pathway actor present in the ancestor of probably all metazoans, the function of which has received little attention until now. |
### Instruction:
Does genome-wide association reveal three SNPs associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a two-locus analysis?
### Response:
| The proposed two-stage analytical method can be used to search for joint effects of genes in GWAS. The two-stage strategy decreased the computational time and the multiple testing burdens associated with GWAS. We have also observed that the loci identified by our two-stage strategy can not be detected by single-locus t... |
### Instruction:
Is impaired recruitment of HHT-1 mononuclear cells to the ischaemic heart due to an altered CXCR4/CD26 balance?
### Response:
| We show that a decreased homing of HHT1-MNCs is caused by an impaired ability of the cells to respond to SDF-1alpha. Our results suggest that modulating CD26 levels using inhibitors like Diprotin-A can restore homing in cases where increased expression of CD26 contributes to the underlying pathological mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Is an accurate diagnosis of Noguchi classification possible after the modification of preoperative biopsy-induced fibrosis?
### Response:
| An evaluation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by Noguchi classification can be accurately performed even after CTNB. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical load inhibit IL-1 induced matrix degradation in articular cartilage?
### Response:
| A mechanical load of sufficient magnitude can inhibit ECM degradation by chondrocytes when stimulated by IL-1. The molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not clear but probably involve altered mechanochemical signal transduction between the ECM and chondrocyte. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation inhibit ErbB2-induced deregulation of mammary acinar morphogenesis?
### Response:
| Depending on the strength of ErbB2 signaling there is a differential regulation of CHOP and eIF2alpha phosphorylation. ErbB2 uncouples in basal conditions eIF2alpha phosphorylation from CHOP induction. However, this signal was restored by salubrinal treatment in Wt-ErbB2 expressing MCF10A cells as these DCIS-like struc... |
### Instruction:
Does 2D proteome analysis initiate new insights on the Salmonella Typhimurium LuxS protein?
### Response:
| 2D-DIGE analysis of a luxS mutant vs. wildtype Salmonella Typhimurium did not reveal new insights into the role of AI-2/LuxS in Salmonella as only a small amount of proteins were differentially expressed. However, subsequent in depth analysis of the LuxS protein itself revealed two interesting features: posttranslation... |
### Instruction:
Is subcutaneous pre-anaesthetic medication with acepromazine-buprenorphine effective as and less painful than the intramuscular route?
### Response:
| Acepromazine-buprenorphine pre-anaesthetic medication provides a similar degree of sedation whether administered by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route. The intramuscular route is more painful compared to the subcutaneous route. |
### Instruction:
Do a retrospective study of the MRI findings in 18 dogs with stifle injuries?
### Response:
| Magnetic resonance imaging offers a non-invasive alternative to exploratory surgery in the evaluation of cranial cruciate ligament and meniscal disease. |
### Instruction:
Is quality of life in GERD and Barrett 's esophagus related to gender and manifestation of disease?
### Response:
| Patients with BE have better generic and disease-specific HRQoL when compared with patients suffering from NERD and ERD. This difference is only partially attributable to lower symptom severity amongs BE patients. Psychological distress did not differ significantly amongs groups. Female gender was associated with worse... |
### Instruction:
Does immunosuppression impair response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
### Response:
| Immune response to PSV-23 is impaired in Crohn's disease (CD) patients on combination immunosuppressive therapy but is normal among non-immunosuppressed patients. Given the unpredictable likelihood for immunosuppressive therapy, newly diagnosed patients with IBD should undergo vaccination before the initiation of immun... |
### Instruction:
Is margin positive pancreaticoduodenectomy superior to palliative bypass in locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| Margin positive pancreaticoduodenectomy in highly selected patients can be performed safely, with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. Further investigation to determine the role of adjuvant treatment and longer-term follow-up are required to assess the durability of survival outcomes for patients undergoing MP P... |
### Instruction:
Is the Patient Goal Priority Questionnaire moderately reproducible in people with persistent musculoskeletal pain?
### Response:
| Varying item content and a small, heterogeneous sample possibly increased variation and the standard error of measurements. The feasibility of using traditional approaches to psychometric evaluation of patient-specific measures is questionable. |
### Instruction:
Does inflammatory protein serum amyloid A1 mark a subset of conventional renal cell carcinomas with fatal outcome?
### Response:
| SAA1 RNA is expressed in conventional RCC samples of patients with poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry of 72 conventional RCCs with a 5 yr follow up showed a correlation between SAA1 expression and the clinical outcome of disease. Stimulation of conventional RCC cell lines with recombinant SAA1 increased the expressio... |
### Instruction:
Is calcium intake inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women : Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey , 2001 and 2005?
### Response:
| Calcium intake is inversely associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Prospective or longitudinal studies concerning sex and menopause status are necessary to evaluate an association between calcium intake and metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is sustained active transportation associated with a favorable body mass index trajectory across the early school years : findings from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort?
### Response:
| Sustained AT is associated with more healthful trajectories of BMI across the early school years. |
### Instruction:
Is frontal lobe atrophy associated with small vessel disease in ischemic stroke patients?
### Response:
| Frontal lobe atrophy in ischemic stroke patients may be associated with small vessel disease. The association between WMLs and FLA was predominant over atrophy of the parietal and temporal lobes, which suggests that the frontal lobe may be vulnerable to subcortical ischemic changes. |
### Instruction:
Do incremental changes in QRS duration predict mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| A progressive increase in QRS duration predicted a poor prognosis in patients with AF in our study. A prospective study is needed to substantiate the prognostic value of QRS prolongation in AF patients. |
### Instruction:
Does shear stress regulate angiotensin type 1 receptor expression in endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that SS may convey some of its atheroprotective effects through downregulation of AT(1)R in endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does periadventitial adipose tissue play a critical role in vascular remodeling?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that periadventitial fat may protect against neointimal formation after angioplasty under physiological conditions and that inflammatory changes in the periadventitial fat may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease accelerated by obesity. |
### Instruction:
Do childhood emotional problems and self-perceptions predict weight gain in a longitudinal regression model?
### Response:
| Emotional problems, low self-esteem and an external locus of control in childhood predict weight gain into adulthood. This has important clinical implications as it highlights a direction for early intervention strategies that may contribute to efforts to combat the current obesity epidemic. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelial cell seeding fail to prevent intimal hyperplasia following arterial injury in the rat carotid model?
### Response:
| Endothelial cell seeding fails to prevent intimal hyperplasia following arterial injury in the rat carotid model. |
### Instruction:
Does peripheral nociception associated with surgical incision elicit remote nonischemic cardioprotection via neurogenic activation of protein kinase C signaling?
### Response:
| Nontraumatic nociceptive preconditioning represents a novel therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection with great potential clinical utility. |
### Instruction:
Is survival in patients with severe aortic regurgitation and severe left ventricular dysfunction improved by aortic valve replacement : results from a cohort of 166 patients with an ejection fraction < or =35 %?
### Response:
| There is a clear reluctance to offer AVR in a large number of patients with severe AR associated with LV dysfunction. However, the performance of AVR in these patients is associated with a mortality benefit supporting the current ACC/AHA guidelines. |
### Instruction:
Does persistent ventricular asynchrony after coronary artery bypass surgery predict cardiac events?
### Response:
| Despite successful surgical revascularization residual impairment of LV systolic function and persistent asynchrony in the form of prolonged t-IVT are associated with postoperative events. Since these abnormalities remained despite full medical therapy, they may thus suggest a need for electrical resynchronization ther... |
### Instruction:
Is progression from MCI to AD : predictive value of CSF Aβ42 modified by APOE genotype?
### Response:
| Aβ42 was a stronger predictor of progression to AD in APOE ε4 non-carriers than in carriers. Furthermore, the risk of progression for ε4 homozygotes was very high, also in patients with normal levels of Aβ42. |
### Instruction:
Are plasmid-borne blaSHV genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with strong promoters?
### Response:
| Plasmid-borne bla(SHV) is associated with strong promoters. It is likely that an SHV-dependent ESBL-positive phenotype requires both a strong promoter and a coding sequence mutation. An HRM assay can indicate bla(SHV) expression. |
### Instruction:
Does membrane sterol depletion impair miltefosine action in wild-type and miltefosine-resistant Leishmania donovani promastigotes?
### Response:
| Sterol and lipid rafts probably play a significant role as an HePC reservoir providing a constant supply to the previously described transporter. In addition, (1)H NMR experiments suggested that HePC stimulated lipid trafficking in parasites. |
### Instruction:
Are stress response genes suppressed in mouse preimplantation embryos by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF )?
### Response:
| We conclude that GM-CSF inhibits the cellular stress response and apoptosis pathways to facilitate embryo growth and survival, and the protective effects of GM-CSF are particularly evident in in vitro culture media, whereas in vivo other cytokines can partly compensate for absence of GM-CSF. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated serum uric acid levels following heart transplantation predict all-cause and cardiac mortality?
### Response:
| Elevated SUA at 1 year post-HTx, or a modest rather than a marked decline in SUA levels during the first year post-HTx, is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Although the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, our data indicate a potential relationship between SUA and inflammation which should be explore... |
### Instruction:
Do global levels of histone modifications predict prostate cancer recurrence?
### Response:
| Global histone modification levels may help to identify patients with adverse prognosis, and represent a target for the future therapy of PCA. |
### Instruction:
Is prolongation of off-cycle interval by finasteride associated with survival improvement in intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in LNCaP tumor model?
### Response:
| The survival advantage of IADT + finasteride over IADT that we previously reported was lost when the off-cycle prolongation by finasteride was allowed. Maximum possible lengthening of the off-cycle by 5alpha-reductase inhibition is not associated with survival improvement in this animal model. |
### Instruction:
Does oxidative inactivation of mitochondrial aconitase result in iron and H2O2-mediated neurotoxicity in rat primary mesencephalic cultures?
### Response:
| These results suggest a role of ROS-sensitive m-aconitase as a source of Fe2+ and H2O2 and as a contributing factor to neurotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise intolerance in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries relate to right ventricular filling pressures?
### Response:
| Reduced exercise capacity is common in adults with ccTGA even among asymptomatic patients and relates to increased RV filling pressures assessed by TDI. This index could potentially be used to optimize therapy or prognosticate adverse events in ccTGA patients. |
### Instruction:
Are orexin neurons necessary for the circadian control of REM sleep?
### Response:
| These results indicate that the orexin neurons are necessary for the circadian suppression of REM sleep. Blunting of the REM sleep rhythm in Atx mice but not in orexin KO mice suggests that other signaling molecules such as dynorphin or glutamate may act in concert with orexins to suppress REM sleep during the active p... |
### Instruction:
Does excessive muscle activity increase over time in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder?
### Response:
| Excessive tonic and phasic EMG activity during REM sleep increases over time in subjects with idiopathic RBD. This finding suggests that, in subjects with idiopathic RBD, there is an underlying progressive pathologic process damaging the brainstem structures that modulate REM sleep. |
### Instruction:
Is delayed-release oral mesalamine 4.8 g/day ( 800-mg tablet ) effective for patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| Delayed-release mesalamine 4.8 g/day (800-mg tablet) is efficacious and well-tolerated in patients with moderately active UC. |
### Instruction:
Does eRK1/2-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor signaling sustain cyst growth in polycystin-2 defective mice?
### Response:
| The PKA-ERK1/2-VEGF signaling pathway promotes growth of liver cysts in mice. In Pkd2-defective LCECs, PKA-dependent ERK1/2 signaling controls HIF-1alpha-dependent VEGF secretion and VEGFR-2 signaling. Autocrine and paracrine VEGF signaling promotes the growth of liver cysts in Pkd2KO mice. VEGF inhibitors might be use... |
### Instruction:
Do large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels contribute to the reduced myogenic tone of peripheral microvasculature after cardiopulmonary bypass?
### Response:
| CPB-associated decrease in peripheral myogenic reactivity is likely due to activation of BK(Ca), but not IK(Ca) or SK(Ca). CPB may increase BK(Ca) activity without increasing BK polypeptide level. |
### Instruction:
Do anterior cingulate pyramidal neurons display altered dendritic branching in depressed suicides?
### Response:
| These results provide the first evidence of altered cortical dendritic branching in mood disorders. Given that proximal dendritic branches grow during perinatal development, and that they are generally less plastic at maturity than distal segments, we speculate that these differences in dendritic branching may reflect ... |
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