question stringlengths 52 373 | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k |
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### Instruction:
Is fluticasone propionate aerosol more effective for prevention than treatment of recurrent airway obstruction?
### Response:
| FP (6 mg q12h) is as effective as DEX for prevention of acute exacerbations of RAO and lower doses should be evaluated. High-dose FP is not as effective as DEX for treatment of RAO exacerbations. |
### Instruction:
Is hIV-1 infection of macrophages dependent on evasion of innate immune cellular activation?
### Response:
| We conclude that macrophages lack functional pattern recognition receptors for this virus and that HIV-1 tropism for macrophages helps to establish a foothold in the host without triggering innate immune cellular activation, which would otherwise block viral infection effectively. |
### Instruction:
Are early phase pharmacokinetics but not pharmacodynamics influenced by propofol infusion rate?
### Response:
| This study found that a combined pharmacokinetic-dynamic model consisting of a two-compartmental model with a LAG time and presystemic compartments and a sigmoidal maximum possible drug effect model accurately described the early phase pharmacology of propofol during infusion rate between 10 and 160 mg . kg(-1). h(-1).... |
### Instruction:
Does epidural cooling minimize spinal cord injury after aortic cross-clamping through induction of nitric oxide synthase?
### Response:
| This study shows that epidural cooling during ACC minimized the risk of spinal cord injury, possibly by preventing delayed hypoperfusion and upregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical ventilation induce a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon beta-dependent inflammatory response in healthy mice?
### Response:
| The current study supports a prominent role for TRIF in the development of the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response after MV. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise training decrease store-operated Ca2+entry associated with metabolic syndrome and coronary atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| This is the first report of the protective effect of exercise on native CAD, peri-stent CAD, SOCE, and molecular expression of TRPC1, STIM1, and Orai1 in MetS. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of FOXG1 contribute to TGF-beta resistance through inhibition of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that FOXG1 acts as an oncoprotein inhibiting TGF-beta-mediated anti-proliferative responses in ovarian cancer cells through suppressing p21(WAF1/CIP1) transcription. |
### Instruction:
Do chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients have a high risk of Merkel-cell polyomavirus DNA-positive Merkel-cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| We conclude that patients diagnosed with CLL have a substantially increased risk for MCC, and vice versa. Merkel-cell polyomavirus DNA is frequently present in MCCs that occur in CLL patients. Immunosuppression related with CLL and viral infection might explain the association between CLL and MCC. |
### Instruction:
Is human leukocyte antigen class I expression an independent prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer resistant to first-line platinum chemotherapy?
### Response:
| Low-level HLA class I expression is an independent prognostic indicator of poor clinical outcome in ovarian cancer. The survival advantage of patients with platinum-resistant tumours expressing high levels of HLA class I suggests that immunotherapy may be of use in these ovarian cancers resistant to standard chemothera... |
### Instruction:
Does contact frequency determine outcome of basal insulin initiation trials in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| The frequency of contact with the study team is highly correlated with the improvement in HbA(1c) achieved in basal insulin initiation trials in type 2 diabetic patients. This has important implications for trial design and interpretation, as well as for clinical care. |
### Instruction:
Does nipple pain at presentation predict success of tongue-tie division for breastfeeding problems?
### Response:
| Mother-infant pairs with tongue-tie and breastfeeding difficulties due to nipple pain are most likely to benefit from frenulotomy. |
### Instruction:
Is endoloop closure of the urinary bladder safe and efficient in female piglets undergoing transurethral NOTES nephrectomy?
### Response:
| A safe urinary bladder closure is mandatory for transurethral rigid NOTES procedures and can be adequately achieved with Endoloops. |
### Instruction:
Are anti-proline-glycine-proline or antielastin autoantibodies evident in chronic inflammatory lung disease?
### Response:
| Antielastin or anti-N-acetylated proline-glycine-proline autoantibodies are not evident in chronic inflammatory lung disease. |
### Instruction:
Does maternal exposure to particulate matter increase postnatal ozone-induced airway hyperreactivity in juvenile mice?
### Response:
| Maternal pulmonary exposure to PM during pregnancy augments placental cytokine expression and postnatal ozone-induced pulmonary inflammatory cytokine responses and ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness without altering airway structure. |
### Instruction:
Is the mode of lymphoblastoid cell death in response to gas phase cigarette smoke dose-dependent?
### Response:
| Collectively, our results support that at low doses gas phase cigarette smoke induces apoptosis in cultured T-lymphocytes, whereas at high doses GPS leads to necrotic death, by-passing the characteristic stage of caspase-3 activation and, thus, the apoptotic route. |
### Instruction:
Are fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements most closely associated with allergic sensitization in school-age children?
### Response:
| These findings underscore the importance of evaluating allergen sensitization status when FeNO is used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis and/or monitoring of atopic diseases, particularly asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is soft drink consumption associated with fatty liver disease independent of metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| NAFLD patients display higher soft drink consumption independent of metabolic syndrome diagnosis. These findings might optimize NAFLD risk stratification. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term high dietary calcium intake during bedrest have no effect on markers of bone turnover in healthy men?
### Response:
| Doubling calcium intake to 2000 mg/d does not prevent increased bone resorption induced by bedrest. |
### Instruction:
Is increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity related to nuclear factor kappa beta activation and inflammatory markers in familial combined hyperlipidemia?
### Response:
| Subjects with FCH showed increased XO and NFkB activities and low grade inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis. XO activity was correlated with higher inflammatory activity and IR. These data could explain, in part, the high cardiovascular disease risk present in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does the APOA5-1131 T > C variant enhance the association between RBP4 and hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes?
### Response:
| RBP4 is associated with hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic patients. The RBP4 effect is conditioned by the presence of the APOA5-1131 T>C genetic variant. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations that a common cause of Leber congenital amaurosis in northern America are rare in southern India?
### Response:
| Mutations that contribute to 30% of the LCA cases in northern America were detected in only 2.6% of LCA cases in our cohort from southern India. There were no instances of IVS26 c.2991+1655 A>G in NPHP6, the most commonly detected mutation in LCA. These data suggest that LCA in India is caused primarily by a different ... |
### Instruction:
Do disease-causing mutations in the CLRN1 gene alter normal CLRN1 protein trafficking to the plasma membrane?
### Response:
| WT CLRN1 is a glycoprotein localized to the plasma membrane in transfected BHK-21 cells. Mutant CLRN1 proteins are mislocalized. We suggest that part of the pathogenesis of USH3 may be associated with defective intracellular trafficking as well as decreased stability of mutant CLRN1 proteins. |
### Instruction:
Does empowering surgical nurses improve compliance rates for antibiotic prophylaxis after caesarean birth?
### Response:
| Surgical nurses can ensure universal compliance for antibiotic prophylaxis in women after caesarean birth, leading to a reduction in wound infections. |
### Instruction:
Does neuromuscular block differentially affect immobility and cortical activation at near-minimum alveolar concentration anesthesia?
### Response:
| Both succinylcholine and mivacurium enhanced immobility during near-MAC anesthesia. All treatments were associated with a small, although significant, BIS increase in response to noxious stimulation, whereas succinylcholine increased BIS independently of noxious stimulation or EMG(BIS). Mivacurium suppressed autonomic ... |
### Instruction:
Is intracellular accumulation of efavirenz and nevirapine independent of P-glycoprotein activity in cultured CD4 T cells and primary human lymphocytes?
### Response:
| P-gp expression had no effect on the accumulation of [(14)C]efavirenz and [(3)H]nevirapine. MRP1/2 expression, lipophilicity and SLCO-like transporters (possibly SLCO3A1) may have greater influence on the accumulation of [(14)C]efavirenz than [(3)H]nevirapine. |
### Instruction:
Does amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNA expression in primary tumors predict outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab?
### Response:
| Expression of EGFR ligands in primary tumors significantly predicts outcome in KRAS WT cmCRC treated with cetuximab and irinotecan. |
### Instruction:
Is matrix metalloproteinase-10 upregulated by thrombin in endothelial cells and increased in patients with enhanced thrombin generation?
### Response:
| Thrombin induces MMP-10 through a PAR-1-dependent mechanism mediated by ERK1/2, JNK, and AP-1 activation. Endothelial MMP-10 upregulation could be regarded as a new proinflammatory effect of thrombin whose pathological consequences in thrombin-related disorders and plaque stability deserve further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Is hDL3-mediated inactivation of LDL-associated phospholipid hydroperoxides determined by the redox status of apolipoprotein A-I and HDL particle surface lipid rigidity : relevance to inflammation and atherogenesis?
### Response:
| The redox status of apoAI and surface lipid rigidity represent major determinants of the potent HDL3-mediated protection of LDL against free radical-induced oxidation. Initial transfer of PCOOH to HDL3 is modulated by the surface rigidity of HDL3 particles with subsequent reduction of PCOOH to PCOH by methionine residu... |
### Instruction:
Does combined therapy with simvastatin and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells increase benefits in infarcted swine hearts?
### Response:
| SIMV treatment improves the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation in acutely infarcted hearts by promoting cell survival and cardiovascular differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Do dual function microtubule- and mitochondria-associated proteins mediate mitotic cell death?
### Response:
| Dual function microtubule-associated (MAP) and mitochondria-associated (MtAP) proteins generated by prolonged mitotic arrest trigger mitochondrial-induced mitotic cell death. This is a potential mechanism to prevent minimal survivable aneuploidy resulting from an aberrant cell division and cancers in general at their e... |
### Instruction:
Is different angiogenic potential in low and high grade sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma related to alterations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene?
### Response:
| These data indicate that tumour progression and angiogenesis are not directly influenced by VHL alterations and that additional genetic/epigenetic events should be considered to explain the diverse angiogenic and proliferative behaviour during tumour progression. |
### Instruction:
Does lRP1 regulate architecture of the vascular wall by controlling PDGFRbeta-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that LRP1 regulates actin organization and cell migration by controlling PDGFRbeta-dependent activation of PI3K. TGFbeta activation alone is not sufficient for the expression of the Marfan-like vascular phenotype. Thus, regulation of PI3 Kinase by PDGFRbeta is essential for maintaining vascular integri... |
### Instruction:
Does respiratory chain deficiency precede the disrupted calcium homeostasis in chronic doxorubicin cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| mtDNA depletion and secondary respiratory chain dysfunction precedes the precipitation of mitochondrial calcium deposits in chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Depends inducibility of atrial fibrillation on inflammation but on atrial structural remodeling in rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis?
### Response:
| AF could be induced in the chronic phase of myocarditis rats, but not in the acute phase of myocarditis rats or in rats with LPS infusion. Acute inflammation per se did not increase the occurrence of AF induction. Atrial structural remodeling caused by inflammation and hemodynamic effects is necessary to induce AF. |
### Instruction:
Is cost a major barrier to the use of inhaled corticosteroids for obstructive lung disease?
### Response:
| As the patient copayment for general beneficiaries is over six times higher than for concession card holders, our findings imply that cost is a barrier to the purchase of ICS prescriptions for obstructive lung disease, independent of socioeconomic status. |
### Instruction:
Does retroperitoneal approach to abdominal aortic aneurysm repair preserve splanchnic perfusion as measured by gastric tonometry?
### Response:
| The retroperitoneal approach for open AAA repair is associated with gastric tonometric evidence of better splanchnic perfusion compared to the transperitoneal approach. |
### Instruction:
Does capsaicin affect brain function in a model of hepatic encephalopathy associated with fulminant hepatic failure in mice?
### Response:
| Capsaicin improved both liver and brain dysfunction caused by thioacetamide, suggesting that both the endocannabinoid and the vanilloid systems play important roles in hepatic encephalopathy. Modulation of these systems may have therapeutic value. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma alpha-tocopherol negatively correlated with hepatocyte apoptosis in chronic hepatitis B patients?
### Response:
| Only the plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol rather than the other oxidative stress markers changed significantly in patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT <40 IU/L) when compared with healthy controls and correlated significantly with the apoptosis index, suggesting that alpha-tocopherol may be... |
### Instruction:
Does soluble elastin decrease in the progress of atheroma formation in human aorta?
### Response:
| Both the synthesis and degradation of elastin may be enhanced in active atherosclerotic lesions. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet size distinguish between inherited macrothrombocytopenias and immune thrombocytopenia?
### Response:
| Platelet size evaluation by both an appropriate cell counter and blood film examination is useful for differentiating inherited macrothrombocytopenias from ITP. |
### Instruction:
Is a platelet tetraspanin superfamily member , CD151 , required for regulation of thrombus growth and stability in vivo?
### Response:
| These data provide evidence that platelet CD151 is required for regulating thrombus formation in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does depression impair executive functioning in Parkinson disease patients with low educational level?
### Response:
| Patients with PD present with cognitive impairment even when nondemented. Depression may exacerbate executive dysfunction, especially in subjects with lower educational level. |
### Instruction:
Does indocyanine green R15 ratio depend directly on liver perfusion flow rate?
### Response:
| ICG R15 is reliable within one group at defined perfusion rates. Doubled perfusion rates contribute to higher ICG clearance. For clinical application we would like to suggest considering cardiac output of the patient for interpretation of ICG ratios. |
### Instruction:
Does therapeutic interference with EphrinB2 signalling inhibit oxygen-induced angioproliferative retinopathy?
### Response:
| The ephrin/Eph system is involved in angioproliferative retinopathy. Stimulation of EphB4 and EfnB2 signalling using EfnB2-Fc and EphB4-Fc, respectively, enhanced hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. In contrast, sEphB4 inhibited hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Therefore, angiogenesis is enhanced by signalling through both EphB... |
### Instruction:
Are chlamydia trachomatis , Mycoplasma genitalium , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , human papillomavirus , and polyomavirus detectable in human tissue with epithelial ovarian cancer , borderline tumor , or benign conditions?
### Response:
| C trachomatis, M genitalium, N gonorrhoeae, HPV, and the polyomaviruses BKV and JCV are not detectable in ovarian tissues either from women with benign conditions and borderline tumors or from women with ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does proteinase-activated receptor-2 activation evoke oesophageal longitudinal smooth muscle contraction via a capsaicin-sensitive and neurokinin-2 receptor-dependent pathway?
### Response:
| Longitudinal smooth muscle contraction induced by trypsin involves capsaicin-sensitive neurons and subsequent activation of NK-2, which is identical to the pathway involved in acid-induced LSM contraction and oesophageal shortening. This suggests that acid-induced LSM contraction may involve mast cell-derived mediators... |
### Instruction:
Does l-DOPA inhibit nitric oxide-dependent vasorelaxation via production of reactive oxygen species in rat aorta?
### Response:
| These results suggest that L-DOPA inhibits nitric-dependent vasorelaxation on vascular smooth muscle cells via production of reactive oxygen species. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Radix Astragali improve impaired endothelial dependent vasodilation in obese rat ]?
### Response:
| Astragalus has salutary effects on impaired endothelial dysfunction in the context of obesity. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor related to microvessel injury of renal interstitium in children with Henoch Schönlein purpura nephritis ]?
### Response:
| The decreased expression of VEGF may be responsible for the renal pathological damage and microvessel injury in HSPN. |
### Instruction:
Does temporary intravascular shunting improve survival in a hypothermic traumatic shock swine model with superior mesenteric artery injuries?
### Response:
| Damage control surgery in the setting of SMA transection seems better managed with TS than with PA. Further validation of this model is required before generalization to human applications. |
### Instruction:
Is the decrease in electrically evoked force production delayed by a previous bout of stretch-shortening cycle exercise?
### Response:
| A prior bout of SSC exercise temporarily protects against impaired contractile function during a repeated exercise bout. The protection can again be seen after exercise, but the underlying mechanism then seems to be different. |
### Instruction:
Is 5-Methoxypsoralen plus ultraviolet ( UV ) A superior to medium-dose UVA1 in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis : a randomized crossover trial?
### Response:
| PUVA provides a better short- and long-term response than medium-dose UVA1 in patients with severe AD. |
### Instruction:
Is low early morning plasma cortisol in posttraumatic stress disorder associated with co-morbid depression but not with enhanced glucocorticoid feedback inhibition?
### Response:
| Lower early morning plasma cortisol levels and a high ACTH/cortisol ratio in subjects with PTSD and co-morbid MDD may not be due to enhanced peripheral sensitivity to glucocorticoids. A central abnormality in glucocorticoid regulation could explain HPA axis dysfunction in this subgroup. |
### Instruction:
Do moringa oleifera leaf extracts inhibit 6beta-hydroxylation of testosterone by CYP3A4?
### Response:
| Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the potential of M. oleifera for clinically significant interactions with antiretroviral and other drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does medical comorbidity affect antidepressant treatment response in patients with melancholic depression?
### Response:
| MC has a negative impact on treatment response in patients with melancholic depression. |
### Instruction:
Do unilateral focal burn injury is followed by long-lasting bilateral allodynia and neuronal hyperexcitability in spinal cord dorsal horn?
### Response:
| Mechanisms contributing to pain following burn injury are incompletely understood. In a novel animal model of burn injury, we have demonstrated hyperexcitability of second-order sensory neurons, activation of microglia, and chronic bilateral pain following the burn injury. This work identifies potential therapeutic tar... |
### Instruction:
Does liver-restricted expression of the canine factor VIII gene facilitate prevention of inhibitor formation in factor VIII-deficient mice?
### Response:
| These data suggest that AAV8 vector-mediated liver-restricted cFVIII gene expression is sufficient for immune hypo-responsiveness to transgene-derived cFVIII in fviii(-/-) mice. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic polymorphism of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer?
### Response:
| Individuals with TIMP-1_372C/C genotype were at significantly higher risk of endometrial cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are soluble immune receptor serum levels associated with age , but not with clinical phenotype or disease severity in childhood atopic dermatitis?
### Response:
| The current study provides evidence that sCD23, sCD25 and sCD30 serum levels are highly age-dependent. Serum concentrations of all investigated SIRs did not significantly correlate with disease severity in children with AD and were not differentially expressed in patients of different AD phenotypes. Therefore, we belie... |
### Instruction:
Is increasing benefit from revascularization associated with increasing amounts of myocardial hibernation : a substudy of the PARR-2 trial?
### Response:
| In this post hoc analysis, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy with larger amounts of mismatch have improved outcome with revascularization. Renal function was also an independent predictor of outcome. The FDG PET seems to define high-risk patients that gain benefit from revascularization. (PET and Recovery Following... |
### Instruction:
Are absence of VHL gene alteration and high VEGF expression associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor survival of renal-cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Stratifying CCRCCs according to VHL and VEGF status may help tailor therapeutic strategy. |
### Instruction:
Does atorvastatin attenuate homocysteine-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via inhibiting NADPH oxidase-related oxidative stress-triggered p38MAPK signaling?
### Response:
| Atorvastatin may inhibit Hcy-induced ROS accumulation and endothelium cell apoptosis through an NADPH oxidase and/or p38MAPK-dependent mechanisms, all of which may contribute to atorvastatin-induced beneficial effect on endothelial function. |
### Instruction:
Are hepatic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors critically involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis in mice?
### Response:
| This rather surprising finding suggests that the pronounced metabolic effects mediated by activation of hepatic vagal nerves are mediated by noncholinergic signaling pathways. |
### Instruction:
Is wNT5A gene aberrantly methylated from the early stages of colorectal cancers?
### Response:
| WNT5A gene has been methylated from the early stages of colorectal cancers. |
### Instruction:
Do the epidemiology of patients with burn injuries admitted to Norwegian hospitals in 2007?
### Response:
| Compared to similar data from Norway (1992) the rate of admission for burns in 2007 (15.5/100,000/year) appeared as high as in 1992, whereas the mean length of stay was reduced by 26%. Children under the age of 5 had a seven times higher incidence compared the rest of the population. |
### Instruction:
Does aP-2alpha induce epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressive genes and microsatellite instability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| These findings are significant because they suggest AP-2alpha plays a role not only in epigenetic silencing, but also in genomic instability. This intensifies the potential level of regulation AP-2alpha has through transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, these findings have the potential to revolutionize the field of ... |
### Instruction:
Does racial disparity persist after on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting?
### Response:
| Short- and long-term outcomes are significantly worse in black than in white patients undergoing primary isolated CABG. OPCAB does not narrow the disparity in outcomes between blacks and whites. |
### Instruction:
Is hypoplasia or occlusion of the ipsilateral cranial venous drainage associated with early fatal edema of middle cerebral artery infarction?
### Response:
| In this small case series, we demonstrated that only the patients with hypoplasia or occlusion of the ipsilateral cranial venous drainage developed early fatal edema after large middle cerebral artery infarction. Our results suggest a role of cranial venous outflow abnormalities in the development of brain edema after ... |
### Instruction:
Does gross genomic damage measured by DNA image cytometry independently predict gastric cancer patient survival?
### Response:
| ICM-DNA ploidy status is an independent predictor of survival in gastric cancer patients and may therefore be a more clinically relevant read out of gross genomic damage than FCM-DNA. |
### Instruction:
Does induction of thrombospondin-1 partially mediate the anti-angiogenic activity of dexrazoxane?
### Response:
| We show that dexrazoxane administered in small repeated doses is strongly anti-angiogenic and that this activity is mediated by induction of the anti-angiogenic THBS-1 in endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated osteopontin level of synovial fluid and articular cartilage associated with disease severity in knee osteoarthritis patients?
### Response:
| OPN in synovial fluid and articular cartilage is associated with progressive joint damage and is likely to be a useful biomarker for determining disease severity and progression in knee OA. |
### Instruction:
Is signal transduction and metabolism in chondrocytes modulated by lactoferrin?
### Response:
| Lf is a robust regulator of chondrocyte metabolism, comparable to TGFbeta1. The catabolic influence together with the proliferative stimulus indicates a function as an early phase cytokine, enhancing MMPs, necessary for degradation of damaged tissue and stimulating proliferation of chondrocytes, necessary for reconstru... |
### Instruction:
Do a 9 year follow up of post herpetic neuralgia and predisposing factors in elderly patients following herpes zoster?
### Response:
| Long term pain in the elderly following zoster is associated with identifiable characteristics during the acute illness. |
### Instruction:
Does transcriptional upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 protect against oxidative stress-associated neurogenic hypertension?
### Response:
| These results suggest that transcriptional upregulation of mitochondrial UCP2 in response to an elevation in superoxide plays an active role in feedback regulation of reactive oxygen species production in RVLM and neurogenic hypertension associated with chronic oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Do imaging data reveal a higher pediatric stroke incidence than prior US estimates?
### Response:
| Our incidence estimate doubles that of prior US reports, a difference at least partially explained by our use of radiology searches for case identification. Studies relying purely on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code searches may underestimate childhood ischemic stroke rates, particularly for ... |
### Instruction:
Does aldosterone-induced activation of signaling pathways require activity of angiotensin type 1a receptors?
### Response:
| We show for the first time that nongenomic and genomic effects of aldosterone are differentially dependent on activity of both AT(1a)R and AT(1b)R. Our data suggest that aldosterone augments AT(1)R-dependent activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB in VSMCs. We provide mechanistic understanding and experimental in vitr... |
### Instruction:
Does early prenatal androgenization result in diminished ovarian reserve in adult female rhesus monkeys?
### Response:
| Based on these animals, early PA appears to program an exaggerated decline in ovarian reserve with age, suggesting that epigenetically induced hormonal factors during fetal development may influence the cohort size of ovarian follicles after birth. |
### Instruction:
Is the number of stroke physicians the key to preparing IV rt-PA?
### Response:
| The number of SPs available may contribute to the management of rt-PA hospitals. |
### Instruction:
Are cTL escape mutations of core protein more frequent in strains of HBeAg negative patients with low levels of HBV DNA?
### Response:
| The inverse correlation between serum levels of HBV DNA and CTL escape mutations of the core protein in HBeAg seroconverted patients, supports the notion that selection of CTL escape mutations consolidates the persistence of HBV infection despite reducing viral fitness. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Care result in a specialist stop-smoking unit ]?
### Response:
| A stop-smoking clinic that is designed according to SEPAR Recommendations is effective and has a good cost/effective ratio. |
### Instruction:
Do mechanical loading regimes affect the anabolic and catabolic activities by chondrocytes encapsulated in PEG hydrogels?
### Response:
| The type and timing of dynamic loading dramatically influenced ECM and MMP gene expression and to a lesser degree matrix deposition. Our findings suggest that early applications of IL is necessary to stimulate both anabolic and catabolic activities, which may be important in regenerating and restructuring the engineere... |
### Instruction:
Does low prevalence of NOD2 SNPs in Behçet 's disease suggest protective association in Caucasians?
### Response:
| Of the three CD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, one of the variant NOD2 alleles, was found to be present significantly less in Caucasian BD patients. |
### Instruction:
Are select resistance-associated mutations in blood associated with lower CSF viral loads and better neuropsychological performance?
### Response:
| Even in the absence of ART, antiretroviral resistance-associated mutations correlate with better NP performance possibly because these mutations reflect reduced neurovirulence compared with wild-type HIV. |
### Instruction:
Does accurate microRNA target prediction correlate with protein repression levels?
### Response:
| Recently, several computational target prediction programs were benchmarked based on a set of microRNA target genes identified by the pSILAC method. In this assessment DIANA-microT 3.0 was found to achieve the highest precision among the most widely used microRNA target prediction programs reaching approximately 66%. T... |
### Instruction:
Does citalopram provide little or no benefit in nondepressed patients with irritable bowel syndrome?
### Response:
| Citalopram was not superior to placebo in treating non-depressed IBS patients. Changes in symptoms were not substantially correlated with changes in rectal sensation assessed by barostat. Any benefit of citalopram in non-depressed IBS patients is likely to be modest at best. |
### Instruction:
Is absence of Granzyme B positive tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary melanoma excisional biopsies strongly associated with the presence of sentinel lymph node metastasis?
### Response:
| These data support a role for cytotoxic T cells in the prevention of early metastasis of melanoma to the draining lymph nodes. |
### Instruction:
Is islet endothelial activation and oxidative stress gene expression reduced by IL-1Ra treatment in the type 2 diabetic GK rat?
### Response:
| GK rat islets have increased mRNA expression of markers of early islet endothelial cell activation, possibly triggered by several metabolic factors, and also some defense mechanisms. The beneficial effect of IL-1Ra on most islet endothelial/OS/immune cells/fibrosis parameters analyzed highlights a major endothelial-rel... |
### Instruction:
Does chronic type 1 diabetes in spontaneously hypertensive rats lead to exacerbated cardiac fibrosis?
### Response:
| Our findings clearly demonstrate elevations in cardiac fibrosis when type 1 diabetes is combined with hypertension. Our findings thus stress the importance of closely monitoring both blood pressure and glucose levels in type 1 diabetic patients in order to prevent myocardial collagen deposition. |
### Instruction:
Is rGS16 a marker for prognosis in colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| The present study suggests that RGS16 is useful as a predictive marker for patient prognosis of CRC. |
### Instruction:
Are heart failure clinics associated with clinical benefit in both tertiary and community care settings : data from the Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia ( ICONS ) registry?
### Response:
| HF clinics are associated with reductions in rehospitalization and mortality in an unselected HF population, independent of whether they are academic- or community-based. Such clinics should be made widely available to the HF population. |
### Instruction:
Does increased lipoprotein lipase activity in non-small cell lung cancer tissue predict shorter patient survival?
### Response:
| Our study further underlines the involvement of cancer tissue LPL activity in tumor progression. |
### Instruction:
Do evidence for overlap between urological and nonurological unexplained clinical conditions?
### Response:
| The overlap between urological and selected nonurological unexplained clinical conditions is substantial. Future research should focus on using standardized definitions, and rigorously designed, well controlled studies to further assess comorbidity, clarify the magnitude of the association and examine common pathophysi... |
### Instruction:
Does genomic analysis suggest that mRNA destabilization by the microprocessor is specialized for the auto-regulation of Dgcr8?
### Response:
| We conclude that the Microprocessor's role in directly destabilizing coding mRNAs is likely specifically targeted to Dgcr8 itself, suggesting a specialized cellular mechanism for gene auto-regulation. |
### Instruction:
Is histidine residue 94 involved in pH sensing by histidine kinase ArsS of Helicobacter pylori?
### Response:
| We show that H94 in the input domain of ArsS is crucial for acid perception in H. pylori 26695. In addition our data suggest that ArsS is able to adopt different conformations depending on the degree of protonation of acidic amino acids in the input domain. This might result in different activation states of the histid... |
### Instruction:
Do resistance and reactance in oscillation lung function reflect basal lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness respectively?
### Response:
| Measuring resistance at 5 Hz using impulse oscillometry facilitates significant differentiation of baseline lung function between asthmatic and healthy children. Additionally, X may be a suitable replacement for PC20 in methacholine challenge testing. |
### Instruction:
Is serum testosterone associated with aggressive prostate cancer in older men : results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging?
### Response:
| Higher levels of serum free testosterone are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer among older men. These data highlight the importance of prospective trials to insure the safety of testosterone-replacement therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does abnormal protein expression in the corpus cavernosum impair erectile function in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Decreased expression of certain proteins that mediate the relaxant mechanism, associated with increased expression of certain proteins that mediate contractile mechanisms, might be important in the development of T2D-associated ED. In particular, down-regulated eNOS/nNOS/PKG1 as well as up-regulated ETAR/RhoA/ROCK1 mig... |
### Instruction:
Are neighborhood SES and walkability related to physical activity behavior in Belgian adults?
### Response:
| The BEPAS results generally confirmed the findings from Australia and the US showing that, in Europe, walkability is also positively related to physical activity. As neighborhood SES was not a significant moderator, walkability appears beneficial for all economic strata. |
### Instruction:
Is family-with-sequence-similarity-46 , member A ( Fam46a ) gene expressed in developing tooth buds?
### Response:
| We have shown that Fam46a is expressed in ameloblasts' nuclei of tooth germs and hypothesise that it might act together with morphogenetic factors important for the formation of enamel in mouse tooth. |
### Instruction:
Do depressed patients understand heart failure prognosis but not how to control it?
### Response:
| In this sample, accuracy of beliefs about HF consequences increased but beliefs about how to control HF remained unchanged as depression severity worsened. This combination of HF beliefs may influence coping through self-care behaviors. |
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