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1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Population (participants of interest) Intervention (needed for practice) Comparison (of interventions to determine which is best for practice) Outcome (needed for practice) Time oExample: P: Among residents of a skilled nursing facility (mostly elders), how would I: playing music in the dinning room from T: 7am to 8am C: compare with the usual practice of not playing music O: affect the number of people having breakfast in the dinning room (communication, social interaction)? Used to:o The PICOT define a problem and formulate a specific question about it
What does PICO-T stand for? What is it used for?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
•National Guidelines Clearing House – Started in 1998 to store EB guidelines, provides free access and updated weekly •Evidence-Based Nursing •The Johanna Briggs Institute •Cochrane Collaborative •Health Information Resources
What are some examples of synthesized knowledge that you can use in EBP?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
reflected in numerous ways, but especially in regard to effective and efficient assessments and diagnoses, thoughtful identification of problems, and compassionate use of individual patients' predicaments, rights, and preferences.
Expertise
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
•Lack of time to locate and synthesize knowledge (Not enough time to research and get enough approval for your new EBP protocol) •Negative attitudes towards research and EBP •Some nurses lack of skill to search the literature and to interpret evidence •Access to the internet and computerized resources •These barriers need to be kept in mind even as one moves through the steps in the process. •It is your obligation to bring these new ideas to practice, to better the practice.
What are some barriers to EBP?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Stage 7: Dissemination oWhen the practice change has been modified sufficiently in the Pilot Testing Phase, so that it is working as expected, it is ready to be implemented in other areas. oA detailed dissemination plan is needed to ensure a smooth implementation process throughout the organization. This includes planning for communication and training, and obtaining sufficient resources. oSend a publication out!
When can you disseminate your EBP results? What step is "dissemination"?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
fairness of benefits distribution among beneficiaries should guide implementation of EBPs.
What is the justice perspective of EBP?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
maximization of benefits and minimization of risk should guide implementation of EBPs.
What is the utility perspective of EBP
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
<18.5
What is a BMI that would be considered "underweight"?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
18.5 - 24.9
What would be considered a normal BMI?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Overweight --> 25.0 -29.9 Obese --> Class I: 30.0-34.9 Class II: 35 - 39.9 Class III: 40.0 + (Extreme obesity)
Which BMI range is considered to be overweight? Obese?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
The food pyramid indicates that the client should have: Grains: 6 to 7 oz per day Vegetables: 3 cups/week dark green veggies 2 cups/week orange veggies 3 cups/week legumes 3 cups/week starchy vegetables Fruit: 1.5 to 2 cups fruit per day Meat: 5 to 6 oz meat and beans per day Dairy: 3 cups milk, yogurt, and cheese per day.
What are the daily recommendations of vegetables, fruits, grains, meat, & dairy?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
A full liquid diet contains only liquids or foods that turn to liquid at body temperature. Pudding, juices, hard candy, Cream of Wheat cereal, and fruit smoothies are permitted on a full liquid diet.
How do you determine which foods a person on a full liquid diet can or can't eat?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Gastric secretions are acidic as evidenced by a pH of less than 6.
What is the best indication of proper placement of a nasogastric tube in the stomach?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
- Should be at room temperature to avoid cramping - Should be hung at least 1 foot above the insertion point - Feedings may be administered if there is less than 90 to 100 mL of residual volume - To prevent or reduce the risk of aspiration, the client should be placed in Fowler’s position during feeding
What are some things to remember with gravity feeding tubes?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
6 classes of nutrients: 1) Carbohydrates 2) Proteins 3) Lipids 4) Vitamins 5) Minerals 6) Water Needed for energy: Carbs, proteins, lipids Needed to regulate body processes: vitamins, minerals, water
What are the 6 classes of nutrients? Which are needed for energy? Which are needed to regulate body processess?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures, and elevated levels of certain hormones (epinephrine and thyroid hormones)
What are some factors that increase the BMR? (Basal metabolic rate)
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Aging, prolonged fasting, and sleep all decrease BMR
What are some factors that decrease BMR?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
3,500 calories = 1 lb.
How many calories equal one pound of body fat?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Water... Because our body doesn't store it and it is the fluid medium needed for all chemical reactions
Which nutrient is most vital to life? Why?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
pepsin
Which enzyme breaks down protein?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Overflow urination
What is the main symptom of urinary retention?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
1) Looking at lower abdomen, if it is distended to the left, you can know they have an extremely full bladder 2) You can also palpate it and watch it get distended to the left as well
When a person's bladder is very full, what two ways will allow you to know?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Urea, ammonia, creatinine, uric acid (processed by liver)
Give some examples of organic solutes in the urine?
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Sodium, chloride, potassium, sulfate, magnesium, phosphorus
Give some examples of inorganic solutes found in the urine.
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
1200-1500 ml daily
What is the normal amount of urine produced daily?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
pH: 4.5-8
What is the normal pH of the urine?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Cipro, keflex, septra, bactrim
What are some choice antibiotics for the treatment of cystitis? (UTI)
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
D) Kussmaul's respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate. Apnea: is described as respirations that cease for several seconds Bradypnea: resp are regular but abnormally slow Hyperpnea: resp are labored and increased in depth and rate
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul's respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse observe? a) Respirations that cease for several seconds b) Respirations that are regular but abnormally slow c) Respirations that are labored and increase in depth and rate d) Respirations that are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
collapsed lung
What is atelectasis?
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
EBP
Integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Research
The systematic investigation of clinical phenomenon or the generating of new knowledge.
[]
Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Freckle, flat <1cm
Macule
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Wart, acne or pimples (solid and elevated) <1cm
Papule
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
A bunch of papules in a patch.
Plaque
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Flat greater than >1cm (birthmark)
Patch
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Circumscribed, filled with thin serous fluid. Herpes, Varicella.
Vesicle
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
macule or papule
Mole
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
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1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
1 cm or > fluid filled, semi solid, elevated, encapsulated.
Cyst
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
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1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Red, irregular, raised, localized and edematous (HIVE)
Wheal
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Circumscribed, filled with thin serous fluid. Herpes, ck.pox > .5cm
Bulla
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00158-ip-10-236-191-2_396319526_0.json
1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Elevated, solid, hard mass thru the dermis
Nodule
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
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1c5d7423_ew_Stuff_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_practice_d__all_of_the_above
Elevated, solid, hard mass thru the dermis > 2cm, poss. Irregular
Tumor
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Theory Final - New Stuff Flashcards - Cram.com
Research utilization involves: a. Communication of research findings b. observing outcomes from changing practice c. use of knowledge in practice d. all of the above
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/theory-final-new-stuff-2104126
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On the ovaries and testes
Where are the gonads located?
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In the center of the brain
Where is the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland located?
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Oogenesis or oögenesis is the creation of an ovum (egg cell). It is the female form of gametogenesis. The male equivalent is spermatogenesis . It involves the development of the various stages of the immature ovum.
Define: oogenesis & spermatogenesis
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GnRH is secreted by the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland.
Where is the GnRH hormone released from? Where does it act?
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- FSH (Follicular stimulating hormone) - LH (luteinizing hormone)
What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete that have to do with reproduction?
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FSH (Follicular stimulating hormone) - Women: Stimulates growth and maturation of follicles so ovulation takes place - Men: Stimulates production of sperm
What is the FSH hormone responsible for?
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stimulates ovulation in females and the synthesis of androgen in males
What is Luteinizing Hormone responsible for?
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FSH, LH
In women, which hormone is released at puberty and cause ovulation?
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Mostly negative feedback (low estrogen and testosterone, trigger increased release GnRH at hypothalamus / High estrogen or testosterone triggers decreased release of GnRH) Positive feedback with estrogen in women and happens at ovulation ( high estrogen, increased GnRh)
What kind of feedback back system do the gonads have for the most part? In what case is this feedback system different (which is normal)?
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1) Maturation of follicles 2) Complete ovulation 3) Develops into corpus lutheum 4) Secretes progesterone 5) Maintains vascularity
What are the steps following gonadal feedback in women?
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+/- feedbacks that stimulate the pituitary
How does the hypothalamus know when to release GnRH and when not to?
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- Stress - Pregnancy - Strenuous activity - body fat (low body fat) - medications
What are some factors that effect the menstrual cycle?
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low body fat = no period because hormones are made with cholesterol
Why does low body fat mess with menstruation?
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A period of about 4-7 years before menopause occurs where a woman's periods are longer/shorter, heavier/lighter, and they eventually stop all together.
What is perimenopause?
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Painful intercourse
Dyspareunia
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When the wall between the vagina and the bladder ruptures and bladder comes through to the vaginal side
Cystocele
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occurs when the ligaments that hold the uterus in its place in the pelvis weaken -- and the uterus tilts or slips, sometimes protruding into the vagina.
Uterine prolapse
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A leiomyoma (plural is 'leiomyomata') is a benign smooth muscle neoplasm that is not premalignant. They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel and the esophagus.
leiomyoma
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- uterine and vaginal contractions - rapid release of muscular tension in the reproductive structures
Female orgasm is a result of what two events?
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Anti-hypetensives (beta-blockers, Ca2+ blocker, ACE, ARB, Diuretic)
Erectile dysfunction is commonly seen with which kinds of drugs?
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- absence of pubic hair - penile growths or masses - Vesicles, erosions, ulcers, edema - Penile discharge - Erythema at penis or scrotum - Masses at scrotum or inguinal region
What are some abnormal reproductive assessment findings in male patient's?
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B) Erectile dysfunction
A 58-year-old male patient with a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is undergoing rehabilitation following an ischemic stroke. The patient’s medical history is likely to be related to which of the following health problems? A) Inguinal hernia B) Erectile dysfunction C) Testosterone deficiency D) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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With advancing age, changes occur in the female reproductive system. Many of these changes are related to the altered estrogen production that is associated with menopause. A reduction in circulating estrogen and increase in androgens in postmenopausal women are associated with breast and genital atrophy, reduction in bone mass, and increased rate of atherosclerosis. Vaginal dryness may occur and can lead to urogenital atrophy and changes in the quantity and composition of vaginal secretions.
What are some very normal vaginal changes that happen in women during menopause.
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Foreskin (of either the penis or the clitoris)
Define: Prepuce
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The American Cancer Society recommends that men older than 50 years have a digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test yearly to screen for prostate cancer.
What is the recommended method and age prostate screening should occur at/in.
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70-80%
What percentage of the infant's body weight is water?
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60 % Intracellular: 40% Extracellular: 5% Interstitial: 15%
What percentage of a person's body weight is water? How much of that is extracellular? Intracellular
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Loop diuretics may result in renal loss of potassium (i.e., hypokalemia). Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia include fatigue, muscle weakness, leg cramps, nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus, soft, flabby muscles, paresthesias, decreased reflexes, weak, irregular pulse, polyuria, hyperglycemia, and electrocardiographic changes.
With a PT who is on a loop diuretic, what should the nurse be looking for? Which signs/ signs of what?
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Causes of hypermagnesemia include renal failure (especially if patient is given magnesium products), excessive administration of magnesium for treatment of eclampsia, and adrenal insufficiency.
Which type of organ failure may lead to hypermagnesmia? Why?
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low serum calcium levels
A positive Chvostek sign indicates which electrolyte imbalance?
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Hyperventilation = blow off CO2, decreased amount of CO2, reduce respiratory acidity Hypoventilation = holding on to CO2, increase amount of CO2 in blood, increase plasma acidity.
With hyperventilation you ________ CO2. With hypoventilation you _______ CO2.
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- Transport of nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen to cells and carrying waste products away. - Regulation of body temperature - Lubrication of joints and membranes - Medium for food digestion
Functions of water in body?
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SIADH, excessive ADH secretion causes water retention. Caused by cancers of the blood, and pituitary gland.
What is SIADH?
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DI, diminished ADH secretion causes massive water loss, leading to dehydration. Usually caused by traumatic brain injury.
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
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Adrenal Glands produce aldosterone, a mineralcorticoid that promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
Where is aldosterone secreted from? What does it do?
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when the solutions on both sides of a selectively permeable membrane have established equilibrium or are equal in concentration
Isotonic solutions
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- when a solution contains a lower concentration of salt or solute than other solutions, the solution is hypotonic
Hypotonic solutions
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when a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution
Hypertonic solutions
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Sodium --> 135-145 Potassium --> 3.5-4.5
What are the correct levels of Sodium? Correct levels or potassium?
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Calcium --> 8.6-100 mg/dl Magnesium --> 1.2-2.0 mEq/L
Normal amount of calcium in plasma? Magnesium?
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Daily fluid intake and output is usually 2000 to 3000 ml. This is sufficient to meet the needs of the body and replace both sensible and insensible fluid losses. These would include urine output and fluids lost through the respiratory system, skin, and GI tract.
What is the normal amount of fluid intake for your average person?
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Signs of hypercalcemia are lethargy, headache, weakness, muscle flaccidity, heart block, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Paresthesia, facial spasms, and muscle tremors are symptoms of hypocalcemia.
What are some signs of hypo/hypercalcemia?
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[Element] releases [Description] How to handle downloading of releases from this repository [Type]
RepositoryPolicy
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Maven Settings – Settings
Type
http://maven.apache.org/ref/3.3.3/maven-settings/settings.html
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00083-ip-10-236-191-2_155545722_12.json
921b08cf_Maven_Settings___Settings__Type
[Element] snapshots [Description] How to handle downloading of snapshots from this repository [Type]
RepositoryPolicy
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Maven Settings – Settings
Type
http://maven.apache.org/ref/3.3.3/maven-settings/settings.html
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00083-ip-10-236-191-2_155545722_12.json
921b08cf_Maven_Settings___Settings__Type
[Element] id [Description] A unique identifier for a repository. [Type]
String
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Maven Settings – Settings
Type
http://maven.apache.org/ref/3.3.3/maven-settings/settings.html
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00083-ip-10-236-191-2_155545722_12.json
921b08cf_Maven_Settings___Settings__Type
[Element] name [Description] Human readable name of the repository. [Type]
String
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Maven Settings – Settings
Type
http://maven.apache.org/ref/3.3.3/maven-settings/settings.html
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00083-ip-10-236-191-2_155545722_12.json
921b08cf_Maven_Settings___Settings__Type
[Element] url [Description] The url of the repository. [Type]
String
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Maven Settings – Settings
Type
http://maven.apache.org/ref/3.3.3/maven-settings/settings.html
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00083-ip-10-236-191-2_155545722_12.json
921b08cf_Maven_Settings___Settings__Type
[Element] layout [Description] The type of layout this repository uses for locating and storing artifacts - can be "legacy" or "default". Default value is: default. [Type]
String
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Maven Settings – Settings
Type
http://maven.apache.org/ref/3.3.3/maven-settings/settings.html
37/1438042982013.25_20150728002302-00083-ip-10-236-191-2_155545722_12.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] config-dist.php [Role] Example [Description]
Sample configuration file
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] dbdriver.php [Role] Class [Description]
Database handling class
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] install.php [Role] Class [Description]
To first unpack an install archive
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] newinstall.php [Role] Example [Description]
Sample file
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] nextbbs.jpg [Role] Icon [Description]
Sample image
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] progressbar.gif [Role] Data [Description]
Progress bar image
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] README.WIZARD [Role] Data [Description]
A short intro
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] safedump.sql [Role] Example [Description]
Sample SQL data
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] tidbit.php [Role] Aux. [Description]
A tiny security script
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
37/1438042988598.68_20150728002308-00135-ip-10-236-191-2_649124160_15.json
84828700_ion_wizard_pages___PHP_Classes__Description
[File] wizard.php [Role] Class [Description]
The wizard class itself
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NBBS Wizard: Create installation wizard pages - PHP Classes
Description
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/2543-PHP-Create-installation-wizard-pages.html
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