unstructuredio/SCORE-Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 2.18k

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin
CREATING
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End




--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
MULTI-PURPOSE URBAN SOLUTIONS
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
Water infrastructure projects often require large investments and space, and in urban areas funding and space is limited. This makes innovative solutions that provide multiple functions increasingly attractive. This approach requires water engineers and planners to be well connected to the other needs and ambitions of the urban communities, and who can translate these in alternative, innovative designs.
For a city to be effective at managing resiliency and quality, it must also ably manage stormwater. Many cities are turning to green infrastructure projects to manage stormwater issues as an alternative to the traditional methods of piped drainage systems that were designed to capture and convey stormwater to waterbodies as quickly as possible, and may or may not have involved methods to address water quality. Green infrastructure is an approach to water management that more closely mimics the natural water environment, and incorporates both natural and engineered systems to effectively capture, attenuate, store and treat stormwater. At the same time green infrastructure can provide valuable green space and recreation for the residents of a city, reduce the urban heat island effect, and enhance biodiversity and ecological resilience.
The South Los Angeles Wetlands Park was designed to capture and treatment urban runoff, while also providing rare green space to an underserved community of Los Angeles. The project transformed a previously abandoned railyard, which was a brownfield site, into a park with trails, boardwalks, picnic areas and other features.
Harnessing the power of low-impact green infrastructure in cities not only swiftly reduces flood damage and restores areas to a more natural state should the worst happen, it also makes for a more balanced local eco-system. The likes of parkland, bio swales
and green roofs cannot completely replace traditional ‘grey’ storm drainage systems, which in many cases will remain the backbone of urban stormwater management. Rather, a balance can be struck between the two that produces an integrated, resilient system and allows cities to grow.
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin
MANAGING AND OPERATION
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End




--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
OPTIMIZING URBAN WATER USE
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
Clean, safe and usable water is a limited and valuable resource. This is precisely why it is crucial to make sure water usage in cities is efficiently managed and wastage is kept to a minimum. Yet, in many cities water is not always treated appropriately and in fact may even be wasted. It is all too often taken for granted under the assumption that it is abundantly available, as well as inexpensive and simple to manage. However, efficiency is an area that many cities struggle with and one in which many developed cities underperform.
To accomplish this, cities must have a good enough knowledge of their assets and behavior of its system and the types and levels of usage (current and projected). They also must be aware of the vulnerabilities of the system, as well as the risks which could potentially cause distress in the system (on a short or long term basis) and that could hinder the cities operations, the well-being of its citizens, or even limit the city’s competitive edge. Water sources along with treatment, delivery, and collection capacities and challenges; as well as compliance and quality requirements (both current and future) are all necessary aspects that cities must consider when developing their “as-is” and “future” optimization blueprints in their pathway towards sustainability.


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
URBAN ASSET PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
Aging urban water infrastructure poses a serious challenge, weighing heavily on systems like an unpaid
debt. For several decades, and throughout the economic downturn, city authorities and utilities in most countries around the world held back on maintaining or upgrading water and wastewater infrastructure. Deferred maintenance and spending have resulted in a major funding gap. In the U.S. in particular, the sheer enormity of the funding gap is daunting, approximately $600 million USD according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. At the same time, population growth and urbanization require large investments in new water and wastewater infrastructure, not just in the U.S. but all around the world.
Large cities and public and private utilities assume that everything will be 'business as usual' forever. However, in the world of urban competition, the future will favor the creative, the innovative and the bold. The opportunity risk of foregoing improvements based on social, economic, and environmental consequences as well as the probability of failure can guide asset management decisions. The asset management standard, ISO 55000, is being used by utilities and cities that are looking to adapt and improve how they manage their assets.
Risk-based asset management approaches are more and more being used to prioritize capital and operating investments. This means allocating funds to address risks to those assets that have the highest potential of failure but also those where the consequences of failure have the biggest impact on the urban economy, environment and communities.
Until recently, such programs were performed by individual departments within an organization and have not been integrated into any organization-wide strategy, but with the ISO 55000 many large cities and utilities are revising their approach.
The Tarrant Regional Water District, outside of Dallas has the overall goal of achieving 100% reliability and optimized management of energy used to transmit raw water. As such, they have embarked on a project
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin
34
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.4




--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin
Purushottam Kumar Singh
Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 2023 Volume 21 Issue 1, ISSN: 2669-2481 / eISSN: 2669-249X
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin
669
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End


9. Spence, C., & Velasco, C. (2019). Packaging colour and its multiple roles. Multisensory packaging: Designing new product experiences, 21-48.
10. Broeder, P., & Scherp, E. (2018). Colour preference of online consumers: A cross-cultural perspective. Marketing–from Information to Decision Journal, 1(1), 1-11.
11. Kauppinen‐Räisänen, H. (2014). Strategic use of colour in brand packaging. Packaging Technology and Science, 27(8), 663-676.
12. Lichtlé, M. C. (2007). The effect of an advertisement’s colour on emotions evoked by attitude towards the ad: The moderating role of the optimal stimulation level. International Journal of Advertising, 26(1), 37-62.
13. Batra, S. (2016). The Influence of Colour on Consumer Brand Personality-A Generalized Study in Indian Context. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2(9), 263436.
14. J. Westerman, S., Sutherland, E. J., Gardner, P. H., Metcalfe, R., Nash, J., Palframan, S., & Woodburn, N. (2012). Ecommerce interface colour and consumer decision making: Two routes of influence. Colour Research & Application, 37(4), 292-301.
15. Rizomyliotis, I., Konstantoulaki, K., & Kostopoulos, I. (2018). Reassessing the effect of colour on attitude and behavioural intentions in promotional activities: The moderating role of mood and involvement. Australasian marketing journal, 26(3), 204-215.
16. Goel, M. R., & Diwan, M. M. (2022). Influence of Social Media Marketing on Buying Decision Making Process of Consumers. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5525-5533.
17. Shukla, S., & Goel, M. R. (2022). Subliminal Adverstisement and its Effect on Consumer Purchase Intentions. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5540-5552.
18. Choithramani, N. (2022) “Study and Ratio Analysis of Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Ltd. (CSPDCL), Raipur (C.G.),” International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 14(02). Available at: https://doi.org/DOI:10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I2.852 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02 2022.
19. Chakraborty, A., Meher, D., Sanga, D., Makhijani, H., & Goel, R. THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMER BUYING DECISIONS MAKING. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 10(01), 2023.
20. Pandey, M. S. K., & Choithramani, M. N. (2022). Banking Sector Reforms in India: Review, Problem and Prospect. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5534-5539.
21. Ahmed, M. M., & Joshi, M. J. (2022). A Study on Consumer Behavior Towards Online Shopping with Special Reference to Age Group. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5515-5524.
22. Choithramani , N. (2022) “Ratio Analysis of State Power Distribution Company Ltd. (CSPDCL), Raipur (C.G.),” International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education , 14(02).




--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin
669 \| P a g e
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.0


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Caption Begin
Table 1. Interpretation of Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks cluster analysis--Continued
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Caption End


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table Begin
Cluster Characteristics Code Site Cluster
Mid to High Elevation Spp. Forbs Miscellaneous Forbs UCA6754 Camp Conifer Dirt Road 12
DCE4671 Cedar Grove Market and Lodge
ICE4890 Cedar Grove Paved Road
CDO6721 Dorst Campground
CCO7477 Cold Springs Campground
ISH2118 Shepard Saddle Paved Road

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin

CREATING

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

MULTI-PURPOSE URBAN SOLUTIONS

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

Water infrastructure projects often require large investments and space, and in urban areas funding and space is limited. This makes innovative solutions that provide multiple functions increasingly attractive. This approach requires water engineers and planners to be well connected to the other needs and ambitions of the urban communities, and who can translate these in alternative, innovative designs.

For a city to be effective at managing resiliency and quality, it must also ably manage stormwater. Many cities are turning to green infrastructure projects to manage stormwater issues as an alternative to the traditional methods of piped drainage systems that were designed to capture and convey stormwater to waterbodies as quickly as possible, and may or may not have involved methods to address water quality. Green infrastructure is an approach to water management that more closely mimics the natural water environment, and incorporates both natural and engineered systems to effectively capture, attenuate, store and treat stormwater. At the same time green infrastructure can provide valuable green space and recreation for the residents of a city, reduce the urban heat island effect, and enhance biodiversity and ecological resilience.

The South Los Angeles Wetlands Park was designed to capture and treatment urban runoff, while also providing rare green space to an underserved community of Los Angeles. The project transformed a previously abandoned railyard, which was a brownfield site, into a park with trails, boardwalks, picnic areas and other features.

Harnessing the power of low-impact green infrastructure in cities not only swiftly reduces flood damage and restores areas to a more natural state should the worst happen, it also makes for a more balanced local eco-system. The likes of parkland, bio swales

and green roofs cannot completely replace traditional ‘grey’ storm drainage systems, which in many cases will remain the backbone of urban stormwater management. Rather, a balance can be struck between the two that produces an integrated, resilient system and allows cities to grow.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin

MANAGING AND OPERATION

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

OPTIMIZING URBAN WATER USE

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

Clean, safe and usable water is a limited and valuable resource. This is precisely why it is crucial to make sure water usage in cities is efficiently managed and wastage is kept to a minimum. Yet, in many cities water is not always treated appropriately and in fact may even be wasted. It is all too often taken for granted under the assumption that it is abundantly available, as well as inexpensive and simple to manage. However, efficiency is an area that many cities struggle with and one in which many developed cities underperform.

To accomplish this, cities must have a good enough knowledge of their assets and behavior of its system and the types and levels of usage (current and projected). They also must be aware of the vulnerabilities of the system, as well as the risks which could potentially cause distress in the system (on a short or long term basis) and that could hinder the cities operations, the well-being of its citizens, or even limit the city’s competitive edge. Water sources along with treatment, delivery, and collection capacities and challenges; as well as compliance and quality requirements (both current and future) are all necessary aspects that cities must consider when developing their “as-is” and “future” optimization blueprints in their pathway towards sustainability.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

URBAN ASSET PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

Aging urban water infrastructure poses a serious challenge, weighing heavily on systems like an unpaid

debt. For several decades, and throughout the economic downturn, city authorities and utilities in most countries around the world held back on maintaining or upgrading water and wastewater infrastructure. Deferred maintenance and spending have resulted in a major funding gap. In the U.S. in particular, the sheer enormity of the funding gap is daunting, approximately $600 million USD according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. At the same time, population growth and urbanization require large investments in new water and wastewater infrastructure, not just in the U.S. but all around the world.

Large cities and public and private utilities assume that everything will be 'business as usual' forever. However, in the world of urban competition, the future will favor the creative, the innovative and the bold. The opportunity risk of foregoing improvements based on social, economic, and environmental consequences as well as the probability of failure can guide asset management decisions. The asset management standard, ISO 55000, is being used by utilities and cities that are looking to adapt and improve how they manage their assets.

Risk-based asset management approaches are more and more being used to prioritize capital and operating investments. This means allocating funds to address risks to those assets that have the highest potential of failure but also those where the consequences of failure have the biggest impact on the urban economy, environment and communities.

Until recently, such programs were performed by individual departments within an organization and have not been integrated into any organization-wide strategy, but with the ISO 55000 many large cities and utilities are revising their approach.

The Tarrant Regional Water District, outside of Dallas has the overall goal of achieving 100% reliability and optimized management of energy used to transmit raw water. As such, they have embarked on a project

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin

34

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.4

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin

Purushottam Kumar Singh

Business, Management and Economics Engineering, 2023 Volume 21 Issue 1, ISSN: 2669-2481 / eISSN: 2669-249X

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin

669

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End

9. Spence, C., & Velasco, C. (2019). Packaging colour and its multiple roles. Multisensory packaging: Designing new product experiences, 21-48.

10. Broeder, P., & Scherp, E. (2018). Colour preference of online consumers: A cross-cultural perspective. Marketing–from Information to Decision Journal, 1(1), 1-11.

11. Kauppinen‐Räisänen, H. (2014). Strategic use of colour in brand packaging. Packaging Technology and Science, 27(8), 663-676.

12. Lichtlé, M. C. (2007). The effect of an advertisement’s colour on emotions evoked by attitude towards the ad: The moderating role of the optimal stimulation level. International Journal of Advertising, 26(1), 37-62.

13. Batra, S. (2016). The Influence of Colour on Consumer Brand Personality-A Generalized Study in Indian Context. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2(9), 263436.

14. J. Westerman, S., Sutherland, E. J., Gardner, P. H., Metcalfe, R., Nash, J., Palframan, S., & Woodburn, N. (2012). Ecommerce interface colour and consumer decision making: Two routes of influence. Colour Research & Application, 37(4), 292-301.

15. Rizomyliotis, I., Konstantoulaki, K., & Kostopoulos, I. (2018). Reassessing the effect of colour on attitude and behavioural intentions in promotional activities: The moderating role of mood and involvement. Australasian marketing journal, 26(3), 204-215.

16. Goel, M. R., & Diwan, M. M. (2022). Influence of Social Media Marketing on Buying Decision Making Process of Consumers. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5525-5533.

17. Shukla, S., & Goel, M. R. (2022). Subliminal Adverstisement and its Effect on Consumer Purchase Intentions. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5540-5552.

18. Choithramani, N. (2022) “Study and Ratio Analysis of Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Ltd. (CSPDCL), Raipur (C.G.),” International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECSE), 14(02). Available at: https://doi.org/DOI:10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I2.852 ISSN: 1308-5581 Vol 14, Issue 02 2022.

19. Chakraborty, A., Meher, D., Sanga, D., Makhijani, H., & Goel, R. THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMER BUYING DECISIONS MAKING. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 10(01), 2023.

20. Pandey, M. S. K., & Choithramani, M. N. (2022). Banking Sector Reforms in India: Review, Problem and Prospect. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5534-5539.

21. Ahmed, M. M., & Joshi, M. J. (2022). A Study on Consumer Behavior Towards Online Shopping with Special Reference to Age Group. Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications, 71(4), 5515-5524.

22. Choithramani , N. (2022) “Ratio Analysis of State Power Distribution Company Ltd. (CSPDCL), Raipur (C.G.),” International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education , 14(02).

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin

669 | P a g e

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.0

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Caption Begin

Table 1. Interpretation of Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks cluster analysis--Continued

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Caption End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table Begin

Cluster Characteristics Code Site Cluster

Mid to High Elevation Spp. Forbs Miscellaneous Forbs UCA6754 Camp Conifer Dirt Road 12

DCE4671 Cedar Grove Market and Lodge

ICE4890 Cedar Grove Paved Road

CDO6721 Dorst Campground

CCO7477 Cold Springs Campground

ISH2118 Shepard Saddle Paved Road