unstructuredio/SCORE-Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 2.18k
PWO7037 Wolverton Pack Station
PMI7878 Mineral King Pack Station
Bromus tectorum, Poa pratensis Verbascum thapsus & Miscellaneous Forbs UOR5340 Oriole Lake Dirt Road 13
GOR5353 Oriole Lake Meadow
UMI5718 Mineral King Dirt Road
No Alien Species TBL5763 Old Black Oak Trail None
TEV8511 Evelyn Lakes Trail
TMI8100 Mitchell Pass Trail
TNE8840 New Army Pass Trail
TSI10800 Siberian Outpost Trails
TSU8511 Sunset Lakes Trail
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Code: First letter: C = Campground, D = Development, G = Pasture/Meadow, I = Paved Road, P = Pack Station, R = Riparian, T = Trail, U = Dirt Road. Second and third letters: Unique site ID. Numerals: #### = Elevation (ft).
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Sites in cluster 6 are uniquely rich in low elevation annual grasses and also possess species that are common at mid-elevations. Old Hidden Springs Trail at an elevation of 670 m (2,190 ft) is rich in low elevation annual grasses as expected and there are also mid elevation forb species at seeps and at stream crossings. The small corral at South Fork Campground (1,135 m; 3,730 ft) may be responsible for the large number of annual grasses found at the site. There is also a large number of annual grass species along the edges of Crystal Cave Parking Lot (1,490 m; 4,895 ft).
Cluster 7 is composed of sites that range from 1,370 m to 2,285 m (4,500 ft to 7,500 ft) in elevation and are relatively poor in mid-elevation species and rich in annual grass species. Bromus tectorum and Vulpia myuros are constant annual grass species. The inclusion of Grant Grove Pack Station (1,955 m; 6,415 ft) in the low-species-richness cluster is an artifact of sampling difficulties. The survey of that site was conducted after stock animals were placed in the corrals and many of the plants were either eaten or trampled beyond recognition. Cluster 8, Trauger’s Creek (1,395 m; 4,575 ft), is relatively rich in low-elevation species. However, neither Bromus tectorum nor Vulpia myuros are found at that site. That factor, in addition to the presence of mid-elevation species in seeps and at stream crossings, and the presence of Malus sylvestris, accounts for the site’s distinct cluster.
Clusters 9, 10 and 11 are notable for the presence of Poa pratensis. Sites in cluster 9, which range in elevation from 1,830 m to 2,590 m (6,000 ft to 8,500 ft), are relatively low in forb richness, while Taraxicum officinale is characteristic of the sites in cluster 10, which range in elevation from 2,135 m to 2,745 m (7,000 ft to 9,000 ft). Rumex acetosella and Spergularia rubra are characteristic of sites in cluster 11, which range in elevation from 1,980 m to 2,285 m (6,500 ft to 7,500 ft). Hart Loop Trail (1,680m; 5,505 ft), a lower-elevation site, is included in this cluster because of the mid- and high-elevation species present at stream crossings and moist areas.
Clusters 12 and 13 are relatively rich in mid- and high-elevation forb species. The sites in cluster 12 ranges in elevation from 1,370 m to 2,440 m (4,500 ft to 8,000 ft). The low elevation Shepherd Saddle Road site is the only exception, and it appears to be rich in mid- and upper-elevation forb species due to its proximity to Ash Mountain Corrals, Ash Mountain Shooting Range and Sycamore Creek. The sites in cluster 13 are at an elevation of 1,675 m
(5,500 ft) and include the adjacent Oriole Lake Dirt Road and Oriole Lake Meadow sites in addition to Mineral King Dirt Road. The forb species at these sites are species that are typically dispersed in the dung of stock animals. Trespassing cattle from a nearby inholding graze the sites near Oriole Lake, and the Mineral King Dirt Road site is adjacent to the Mineral King Pack Station.
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13
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the 0 position of the second axis (fig. 3a). At 10 m intervals beginning at meter 0, 2 m x 1 m quadrats were placed with the 2 m axis perpendicular to the sampling transect (fig. 3b). The cover of individual alien species and the total cover of all native species were estimated in each quadrat. The total numbers of alien and native species present in each sampling transect were also recorded. Canopy cover was measured every 5 m along each sampling transect using the point-intercept method with a GRS brand densiometer. Because some alien species did not fall within the sampling transects, the entire sampling area was surveyed to compile a complete list of all alien species present. Areas with high densities of buildings or very few plants were not sampled, but surveyed only. The abundance of species in each patch was estimated on a log scale after the patch was surveyed.
Trails in Yosemite were sampled based on levels of use by hikers and recreational stock. The Yosemite National Park Wilderness Office supplied data on the number of backpacking wilderness permits issued on each trail, and the trails were grouped into three categories: low use (0-50 people/year), moderate use (51-1100 people/year) and high use (1101-6900 people/year). Seven trails were randomly selected for sampling from each use category. The Wilderness Office also supplied data on the number of stock using the trails in categories of low (3-10/day), medium (11-25/day), and high (26+/day). The concession stables provided route information for their daily rides in Yosemite Valley. Stock are only allowed on certain trails, and all trails open to stock use were sampled. The high use backpacking permit category contained the fewest number of trails, and most of these popular trails also received medium-high stock use. By comparison, low use backpacking permit trails had no stock use. No records were available for day-use by private stock parties on trails, so Mirror Lake Pack Trail and Yosemite Falls Trail had higher stock-use levels than indicated by the Wilderness Office data. Therefore, those trails were placed in the next higher stock-use category. At each trailhead the survey crews placed the first of ten 50 m by 2 m transects on the right side of and parallel to the trail, one meter from the tread of the trail.
Subsequent transects were placed on alternating sides of the trail and were begun across from the end of the previous transect. Transects were sampled using the same methods as were used to sample patches. After sampling within the transects, the field crews walked 3 km from the trailhead, recording all alien species that occurred within 2 m of the trail in each kilometer. Abundances of alien species were
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a)
30 m
Transect 10
100 m
20 m
200 m Baseline
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b)
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Figure 3. (a) Arrangement of 1999 transects in Yosemite National Park in campgrounds, developments and corrals that were sampled for alien species. Two dimensions of the sample site were measured, and the transects were arranged randomly along the two axes. When a transect ran outside of the sample area, as in Transect 10, it was continued at the same position on the first axis and from the 0 position of the second axis. (b) Sampling along 50 m transects. 1 by 2 m quadrats (rectangles) were placed every 10 m, and canopy cover was sampled every 5m (black points).
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15
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Biophilic Design: A review of Frank Lloyd Wright Falling Water
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Figure 3.13 showing the number of spaces that had the presence of each of the 14 Biophilic patterns in The Falling water House.
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NUMBER OF SPACES
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3 2 1 0
Visual connection with... Non visual connection... Non-Rhythmic Sensory... Thermal & Airflow... Presence of water Dynamic and diffuse light Connection with natural... Biomorphic forms and... Material connection with... Complexity and order Prospect Refuge Mystery Risk/Peril
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Based on the data collated in table 3.7, figure 3.13 have showed that four (4) patterns were evident each in 3 spaces, four patterns were repeated twice(2) in the building while five patterns appeared only once in falling water house.


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Figure 3.13 showing the number of patterns identified within a space
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NUMBER OF BIOPHILIC PATTERNS IDENTIFIED IN A SPACE
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NO. OF PATTERNS
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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LIVING ROOM BEDROOM STAIRHALL ACCESSWAYS EXTERIOR & BALCONY
NUMBER OF BIOPHILIC PATTERNS IDENTIFIED IN A SPACE
5 5 5 4 6
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Above: from the data collated in table 3.7, five (5) patterns are prominent in the Living room, Bedroom and Stair hall while four (4) patterns were seen in the access ways and six (6) within the exterior space and Balcony.
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PWO7037 Wolverton Pack Station

PMI7878 Mineral King Pack Station

Bromus tectorum, Poa pratensis Verbascum thapsus & Miscellaneous Forbs UOR5340 Oriole Lake Dirt Road 13

GOR5353 Oriole Lake Meadow

UMI5718 Mineral King Dirt Road

No Alien Species TBL5763 Old Black Oak Trail None

TEV8511 Evelyn Lakes Trail

TMI8100 Mitchell Pass Trail

TNE8840 New Army Pass Trail

TSI10800 Siberian Outpost Trails

TSU8511 Sunset Lakes Trail

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Code: First letter: C = Campground, D = Development, G = Pasture/Meadow, I = Paved Road, P = Pack Station, R = Riparian, T = Trail, U = Dirt Road. Second and third letters: Unique site ID. Numerals: #### = Elevation (ft).

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Sites in cluster 6 are uniquely rich in low elevation annual grasses and also possess species that are common at mid-elevations. Old Hidden Springs Trail at an elevation of 670 m (2,190 ft) is rich in low elevation annual grasses as expected and there are also mid elevation forb species at seeps and at stream crossings. The small corral at South Fork Campground (1,135 m; 3,730 ft) may be responsible for the large number of annual grasses found at the site. There is also a large number of annual grass species along the edges of Crystal Cave Parking Lot (1,490 m; 4,895 ft).

Cluster 7 is composed of sites that range from 1,370 m to 2,285 m (4,500 ft to 7,500 ft) in elevation and are relatively poor in mid-elevation species and rich in annual grass species. Bromus tectorum and Vulpia myuros are constant annual grass species. The inclusion of Grant Grove Pack Station (1,955 m; 6,415 ft) in the low-species-richness cluster is an artifact of sampling difficulties. The survey of that site was conducted after stock animals were placed in the corrals and many of the plants were either eaten or trampled beyond recognition. Cluster 8, Trauger’s Creek (1,395 m; 4,575 ft), is relatively rich in low-elevation species. However, neither Bromus tectorum nor Vulpia myuros are found at that site. That factor, in addition to the presence of mid-elevation species in seeps and at stream crossings, and the presence of Malus sylvestris, accounts for the site’s distinct cluster.

Clusters 9, 10 and 11 are notable for the presence of Poa pratensis. Sites in cluster 9, which range in elevation from 1,830 m to 2,590 m (6,000 ft to 8,500 ft), are relatively low in forb richness, while Taraxicum officinale is characteristic of the sites in cluster 10, which range in elevation from 2,135 m to 2,745 m (7,000 ft to 9,000 ft). Rumex acetosella and Spergularia rubra are characteristic of sites in cluster 11, which range in elevation from 1,980 m to 2,285 m (6,500 ft to 7,500 ft). Hart Loop Trail (1,680m; 5,505 ft), a lower-elevation site, is included in this cluster because of the mid- and high-elevation species present at stream crossings and moist areas.

Clusters 12 and 13 are relatively rich in mid- and high-elevation forb species. The sites in cluster 12 ranges in elevation from 1,370 m to 2,440 m (4,500 ft to 8,000 ft). The low elevation Shepherd Saddle Road site is the only exception, and it appears to be rich in mid- and upper-elevation forb species due to its proximity to Ash Mountain Corrals, Ash Mountain Shooting Range and Sycamore Creek. The sites in cluster 13 are at an elevation of 1,675 m

(5,500 ft) and include the adjacent Oriole Lake Dirt Road and Oriole Lake Meadow sites in addition to Mineral King Dirt Road. The forb species at these sites are species that are typically dispersed in the dung of stock animals. Trespassing cattle from a nearby inholding graze the sites near Oriole Lake, and the Mineral King Dirt Road site is adjacent to the Mineral King Pack Station.

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13

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the 0 position of the second axis (fig. 3a). At 10 m intervals beginning at meter 0, 2 m x 1 m quadrats were placed with the 2 m axis perpendicular to the sampling transect (fig. 3b). The cover of individual alien species and the total cover of all native species were estimated in each quadrat. The total numbers of alien and native species present in each sampling transect were also recorded. Canopy cover was measured every 5 m along each sampling transect using the point-intercept method with a GRS brand densiometer. Because some alien species did not fall within the sampling transects, the entire sampling area was surveyed to compile a complete list of all alien species present. Areas with high densities of buildings or very few plants were not sampled, but surveyed only. The abundance of species in each patch was estimated on a log scale after the patch was surveyed.

Trails in Yosemite were sampled based on levels of use by hikers and recreational stock. The Yosemite National Park Wilderness Office supplied data on the number of backpacking wilderness permits issued on each trail, and the trails were grouped into three categories: low use (0-50 people/year), moderate use (51-1100 people/year) and high use (1101-6900 people/year). Seven trails were randomly selected for sampling from each use category. The Wilderness Office also supplied data on the number of stock using the trails in categories of low (3-10/day), medium (11-25/day), and high (26+/day). The concession stables provided route information for their daily rides in Yosemite Valley. Stock are only allowed on certain trails, and all trails open to stock use were sampled. The high use backpacking permit category contained the fewest number of trails, and most of these popular trails also received medium-high stock use. By comparison, low use backpacking permit trails had no stock use. No records were available for day-use by private stock parties on trails, so Mirror Lake Pack Trail and Yosemite Falls Trail had higher stock-use levels than indicated by the Wilderness Office data. Therefore, those trails were placed in the next higher stock-use category. At each trailhead the survey crews placed the first of ten 50 m by 2 m transects on the right side of and parallel to the trail, one meter from the tread of the trail.

Subsequent transects were placed on alternating sides of the trail and were begun across from the end of the previous transect. Transects were sampled using the same methods as were used to sample patches. After sampling within the transects, the field crews walked 3 km from the trailhead, recording all alien species that occurred within 2 m of the trail in each kilometer. Abundances of alien species were

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a)

30 m

Transect 10

100 m

20 m

200 m Baseline

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b)

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Figure 3. (a) Arrangement of 1999 transects in Yosemite National Park in campgrounds, developments and corrals that were sampled for alien species. Two dimensions of the sample site were measured, and the transects were arranged randomly along the two axes. When a transect ran outside of the sample area, as in Transect 10, it was continued at the same position on the first axis and from the 0 position of the second axis. (b) Sampling along 50 m transects. 1 by 2 m quadrats (rectangles) were placed every 10 m, and canopy cover was sampled every 5m (black points).

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15

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Biophilic Design: A review of Frank Lloyd Wright Falling Water

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Figure 3.13 showing the number of spaces that had the presence of each of the 14 Biophilic patterns in The Falling water House.

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NUMBER OF SPACES

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3 2 1 0

Visual connection with... Non visual connection... Non-Rhythmic Sensory... Thermal & Airflow... Presence of water Dynamic and diffuse light Connection with natural... Biomorphic forms and... Material connection with... Complexity and order Prospect Refuge Mystery Risk/Peril

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Based on the data collated in table 3.7, figure 3.13 have showed that four (4) patterns were evident each in 3 spaces, four patterns were repeated twice(2) in the building while five patterns appeared only once in falling water house.

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Figure 3.13 showing the number of patterns identified within a space

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NUMBER OF BIOPHILIC PATTERNS IDENTIFIED IN A SPACE

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NO. OF PATTERNS

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

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LIVING ROOM BEDROOM STAIRHALL ACCESSWAYS EXTERIOR & BALCONY

NUMBER OF BIOPHILIC PATTERNS IDENTIFIED IN A SPACE

5 5 5 4 6

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Above: from the data collated in table 3.7, five (5) patterns are prominent in the Living room, Bedroom and Stair hall while four (4) patterns were seen in the access ways and six (6) within the exterior space and Balcony.

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