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Program Coordinator(s)
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Steve Neumann, mailto:neumans@algonquincollege.com , 613-727-4723, ext. 7034
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Tommy Wingreen, mailto:wingret@algonquincollege.com , 613-727-4723, ext. 7138
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Course Descriptions
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CON0007 Hardscape Installation I
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Site surveying, grading, drainage and material installation techniques are key elements. Students study the theory of backfill and compaction and installation specifications for various hard surfaces currently used in the industry. Estimation of materials and labour is also an integral part of the course. Safe and efficient operation of all related compaction and stone cutting equipment is practised as students install the hard surface materials on the campus grounds.
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Prerequisite(s): none
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Corerequisite(s):HOR7032
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CON7007 Hardscape Installation II: Theory
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To make intelligent and environmentally-sound decisions on material selection, students explore manufactured and natural material specifications. Students are introduced to the construction of retaining walls, decks, arbors, fences and water features. The load stresses that these construction features are subject to and how they are counteracted through sound engineering specifications is emphasized.
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Prerequisite(s): CON0007
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Corerequisite(s):CON7008
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CON7008 Hardscape Installation II: Applied
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Utilizing the woodwork construction lab and the indoor hard surface construction lab, students get hands-on experience in working with the various manufactured and natural materials available to meet project specifications. Students gain competency in all of the related hand and power tools utilized currently in the industry.
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Prerequisite(s): CON0007
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Corerequisite(s):CON7007
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CON7020 Landscape Installation and Maintenance: Applied
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Applied skills are essential for employees to be efficient and accurate in the maintenance of
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IPOL | Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs
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Country Year Policy Description
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Cyprus 2018 Levy - in force Levy on consumer for plastic bags >15µm. Retailers determine the price, but charge covers the production cost of the plastic bag.
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Denmark 1994 Levy - in force Levy on supplier for plastic bags. Fee passed on to retailers, who in turn pass it on to consumers. Impact: decrease from around 800 million bags to half of that.
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Estonia 2017 Levy - in force Levy on consumer on plastic bags <50µm (exemption of very lightweight bags used for hygiene and prevent food waste). Avoidance of sale or free of charge oxo-degradable plastic carrier bags.
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France 2016 Ban - in force Ban on lightweight single-use carrier bags (<50 µm and <10 litres). Expanded in 2017 to all other plastic bags except compostable bags.
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2015 Ban - approved Ban on all disposable tableware not made from at least 50% biologically-derived by 2020.
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Greece 2018 Levy - in force Levy on consumer (€0.04) for non-biodegradable plastic bags (<50µm). Businesses allowed to charge customers for thicker bags (up to 70µm) Impact: after the first month consumption decreased by 75-80% and sales of reusable shopping bags increased sharply.
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Hungary 2012 Levy - in force Levy on supplier. The introduction of the fee obliged producers and distributors to pay the fee, which was incorporated into the products’ price. Retailers voluntarily added a fee on plastic bags.
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Ireland 2002 (revised in 2007) Levy - in force Levy on consumer for plastic bags (initially, €0.15, later, €0.22). Legislation allows the levy to be amended, not exceeding €0.70 per bag. Impact: one year later, the consumption of plastic bags decreased by more than 90%.
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Italy 2011 Ban - in force Ban on non-biodegradable plastic bags (<100µm). Exemption for reusable plastic bags. Impact: reduction of plastic bag consumption by approximately 55%.
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2018 Levy - in force Levy on consumer for plastic bags in supermarkets and grocery stores. Only biodegradable and compostable lightweight bags are allowed to be provided or sold.
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PE 658.279
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The environmental impacts of plastics and micro-plastics use, waste and pollution: EU and national measures
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Country Year Policy Description
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Latvia 2009 Levy - in force Levy on retailer for plastic carrier bags. Most supermarkets charge for plastic carrier bags. Impact: plastic bag consumption dropped. The use of reusable bags increased, but stabilised after the first year.
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Lithuania 2016 Levy - approved Levy on consumer. Free lightweight plastic bags with a thickness between 15 and 50 µm are forbidden.
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Malta 2009 Levy - in force Levy on consumer for all plastic bags (€0.15).
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Netherlands 2016 Levy - in force Levy on consumer. Very lightweight bags for packaging are exempt. Businesses are officially suggested to charge €0.25 per bag, but they can decide how much to charge. Impact: number of plastic bags found in litter decreased by 40% in one year.
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Portugal 2015 Levy - in force Levy on supplier, but the fee (€0.10) was largely passed onto the consumer. Impact: following implementation, consumption of lightweight plastic bags decreased by 74%. Consumption of reusable plastic bags, exempted from the levy, increased by 61%.
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Romania 2009 Levy - in force Levy (€0.05) on consumer on non-biodegradable plastic bags.
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2018 Draft law - approved Ban on plastic bags <50µm in supermarkets and 15µm on national markets.
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Slovakia 2018 Levy - in force Levy on consumer for plastic bags between 15 and 50 µm.
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Spain 2020 Draft Law - approved A tax of €0.45 per kilogram of plastic waste. Also includes a ban on straws. To be levied on the manufacturing, import or intra-EU acquisition of the non-reusable plastic packaging
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Sweden 2017 Law - in force Requires supermarkets to educate customers on the environmental effects of plastic bags.
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United Kingdom (England) 2015 Levy - in force Levy on consumer (£0.05, around €0.06) for plastic bags. Charged by companies with >250 employees. Voluntary basis for smaller retailers. Impact: single-use plastic bags used dropped by more than 85% in the six months.
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United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) 2013 Levy - in force Levy on consumer for plastic bags (£0.05, around €0.06).
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39
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PE 658.279
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Form 1095-A
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