unstructuredio/SCORE-Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 2.18k

fetch_table, fetch_figure, and retrieve. As described in Table 2, each function allows the PDFTriage system to gather precise information related to the given PDF document, centering around structured textual data in headers, subheaders, figures, tables, and section paragraphs. The functions are used in separate queries by the PDFTriage system for each question, synthesizing multiple pieces of information to arrive at the final answer. The functions are provided and called in separate chat turns via the OpenAI function calling API,² though it would be possible to organize the prompting in a ReAct (Yao et al., 2022) or Toolformer (Schick et al., 2023) -like way.
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
3.3. Question Answering
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
To initialize PDFTriage for question-answering, we use the system prompt format of GPT-3.5 to input the following:
You are an expert document question answering system. You answer questions by finding relevant content in the document and answering questions based on that content.
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Code Snippet Begin
Document: <textual metadata of document>
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Code Snippet End
Using user prompting, we then input the query with no additional formatting. Next, the PDFTriage system uses the functions established in Section 2 to query the document for any necessary information to answer the question. In each turn, PDFTriage uses a singular function to gather the needed information before processing the retrieved context. In the final turn, the model outputs an answer to the question. For all of our experiments, we use the gpt-35-turbo-0613 model.
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
4 Dataset Construction
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
To test the efficacy of PDFTriage, we constructed a document-focused set of question-answering tasks. Each task seeks to evaluate different aspects of document question-answering, analyzing reasoning across text, tables, and figures within a document. Additionally, we wanted to create questions ranging from single-step answering on an individual document page to multi-step reasoning across the whole document.
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin
²https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.4
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin
US 12,458,968 B2
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin
13
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin
14
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin
CPG O O O Si L¹* O O P R¹ O L² n G¹
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End


Other bonding arrangements of silyl to the solid support material are possible, e.g.,


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin
C₁₋₄alkyl Si Li* C₁₋₄alkyl ,
OC₁₋₄alkyl Si Li* OC₁₋₄alkyl ,
OC₁₋₄alkyl Si L¹* .
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End


L², at each occurrence, is independently —(CH₂CH₂O)ₘ—, —(CHCH₃CH₂O)ₘ—, or —(CH₂CHCH₃₀)ₘ—, wherein m is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, i.e., the solid support of formula (I) is


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin
A L¹ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CH₂O)ₘ n G¹,
A L¹ O O P R¹ O (CHCH₃CH₂O)ₘ n G¹, or
A L¹ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CHCH₃O)ₘ n G¹.
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End


Preferably, L² is —(CH₂CH₂O)ₘ. Preferably m is 6. To further illustrate, functionalized solid supports of formula (I) include, for example,


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin
CPG O O O Si (CH₂)₃NH(CH₂)₆NHCO(CH₂)₅ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CH₂O)ₘ n G¹ and
CPG O O O Si (CH₂)₃O OAc O O NH(CH₂)₆NHCO(CH₂)₅ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CH₂O)ₘ n G¹
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End


R¹, at each occurence, is independently R¹ᵃ or —OR¹ᵃ, wherein R¹ᵃ, at each occurrence, is independently C₁₋₁₀al-




kyl, C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, or C₅₋₁₀cycloalkenyl, wherein R¹ᵃ is optionally substituted with 1-6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., fluoro), cyano, oxo, OH, —OC₁₋₄alkyl,
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin
5
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number End
—OC₁₋₄haloalkyl, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, the C₃₋₆cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., fluoro) or C₁₋₄alkyl. R¹, at each occurrence, may independently be C₁₋₄alkyl, —OC₁₋₄alkyl, or —OCH₂CH₂CN. R¹, at each occurrence, may independently be —CH₃, —CH₂CH₃,
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin
10
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number End
—OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃, —OCH(CH₃)₂, or —OCH₂CH₂CN.
G L may be hydrogen, i.e., formula (I) terminates on the right-hand side in a hydroxy group.
G L may be PG¹, wherein PG L is a hydroxy protecting
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin
15
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number End
group. Hydroxy protecting groups are well known in the art, as described in PGM Wuts and TW Greene, in Greene’s book titled Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4ᵗʰ ed.), John Wiley & Sons, NY (2006), which is incorporated
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin
20
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number End
herein by reference in its entirety. Suitable hydroxy protecting groups include, for example, trityl groups (e.g., trityl, dimethoxytrityl, methoxytrityl), acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, p-methoxymethyl (MOM), methylthiomethyl, pivaloyl, tetrahydropyranyl
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin
25
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number End
(THP), tetrahydrofuranyl (THF), silyl (e.g., trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), triisopropylsilyloxymethyl (TOM), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS),
methyl, and ethoxyethyl.
G¹ may be —P(O)(R¹)-L³-R², wherein R¹, R², and L¹ are
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin
30
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number End

fetch_table, fetch_figure, and retrieve. As described in Table 2, each function allows the PDFTriage system to gather precise information related to the given PDF document, centering around structured textual data in headers, subheaders, figures, tables, and section paragraphs. The functions are used in separate queries by the PDFTriage system for each question, synthesizing multiple pieces of information to arrive at the final answer. The functions are provided and called in separate chat turns via the OpenAI function calling API,² though it would be possible to organize the prompting in a ReAct (Yao et al., 2022) or Toolformer (Schick et al., 2023) -like way.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

3.3. Question Answering

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

To initialize PDFTriage for question-answering, we use the system prompt format of GPT-3.5 to input the following:

You are an expert document question answering system. You answer questions by finding relevant content in the document and answering questions based on that content.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Code Snippet Begin

Document: <textual metadata of document>

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Code Snippet End

Using user prompting, we then input the query with no additional formatting. Next, the PDFTriage system uses the functions established in Section 2 to query the document for any necessary information to answer the question. In each turn, PDFTriage uses a singular function to gather the needed information before processing the retrieved context. In the final turn, the model outputs an answer to the question. For all of our experiments, we use the gpt-35-turbo-0613 model.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

4 Dataset Construction

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

To test the efficacy of PDFTriage, we constructed a document-focused set of question-answering tasks. Each task seeks to evaluate different aspects of document question-answering, analyzing reasoning across text, tables, and figures within a document. Additionally, we wanted to create questions ranging from single-step answering on an individual document page to multi-step reasoning across the whole document.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin

²https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.4

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin

US 12,458,968 B2

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin

13

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin

14

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin

CPG O O O Si L¹* O O P R¹ O L² n G¹

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End

Other bonding arrangements of silyl to the solid support material are possible, e.g.,

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin

C₁₋₄alkyl Si Li* C₁₋₄alkyl ,

OC₁₋₄alkyl Si Li* OC₁₋₄alkyl ,

OC₁₋₄alkyl Si L¹* .

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End

L², at each occurrence, is independently —(CH₂CH₂O)ₘ—, —(CHCH₃CH₂O)ₘ—, or —(CH₂CHCH₃₀)ₘ—, wherein m is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, i.e., the solid support of formula (I) is

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin

A L¹ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CH₂O)ₘ n G¹,

A L¹ O O P R¹ O (CHCH₃CH₂O)ₘ n G¹, or

A L¹ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CHCH₃O)ₘ n G¹.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End

Preferably, L² is —(CH₂CH₂O)ₘ. Preferably m is 6. To further illustrate, functionalized solid supports of formula (I) include, for example,

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin

CPG O O O Si (CH₂)₃NH(CH₂)₆NHCO(CH₂)₅ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CH₂O)ₘ n G¹ and

CPG O O O Si (CH₂)₃O OAc O O NH(CH₂)₆NHCO(CH₂)₅ O O P R¹ O (CH₂CH₂O)ₘ n G¹

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End

R¹, at each occurence, is independently R¹ᵃ or —OR¹ᵃ, wherein R¹ᵃ, at each occurrence, is independently C₁₋₁₀al-

kyl, C₂₋₁₀alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀alkynyl, C₃₋₁₀cycloalkyl, or C₅₋₁₀cycloalkenyl, wherein R¹ᵃ is optionally substituted with 1-6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., fluoro), cyano, oxo, OH, —OC₁₋₄alkyl,

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Line Number Begin

5