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PMC1637101_F5_7781.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | After distalization intraoral photographs and occlusal radiograph of the patient and intraosseous screw. |
PMC1637101_F5_7782.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | After distalization intraoral photographs and occlusal radiograph of the patient and intraosseous screw. |
PMC1637101_F5_7784.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | After distalization intraoral photographs and occlusal radiograph of the patient and intraosseous screw. |
PMC1637101_F5_7780.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | After distalization intraoral photographs and occlusal radiograph of the patient and intraosseous screw. |
PMC1637101_F6_7785.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | After distalization panoramic radiograph of the patient. |
PMC1637101_F10_7786.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Posttreatment panoramic radiograph of the patient. |
PMC1637116_F1_7789.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Osteoclast formation from human PBMCs. PBMCs were incubated with M-CSF and RANKL on bone slices for 7 days. Sample bone slices were taken and stained with toluidine blue (A, B) to assess multinuclear cell formation and bone resorption (bar = 100 μm). In A, virtually all of the cells shown are multinuclear, with only a very occasional cell (white arrows) remaining mononuclear. B: at higher magnification many excavations (black arrows) can be visualized as darkly-staining areas beneath the osteoclasts. C: SEM of bone slice after removal of cells. Almost the entire surface shows excavation, with only occasional islands of unresorbed surface remaining. |
PMC1637116_F1_7788.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Osteoclast formation from human PBMCs. PBMCs were incubated with M-CSF and RANKL on bone slices for 7 days. Sample bone slices were taken and stained with toluidine blue (A, B) to assess multinuclear cell formation and bone resorption (bar = 100 μm). In A, virtually all of the cells shown are multinuclear, with only a very occasional cell (white arrows) remaining mononuclear. B: at higher magnification many excavations (black arrows) can be visualized as darkly-staining areas beneath the osteoclasts. C: SEM of bone slice after removal of cells. Almost the entire surface shows excavation, with only occasional islands of unresorbed surface remaining. |
PMC1647280_F1_7792.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Three-dimensional ultrasound depicting multiplanar display of the uterus. All three orthogonal planes can be displayed using this technique. |
PMC1647280_F1_7790.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Three-dimensional ultrasound depicting multiplanar display of the uterus. All three orthogonal planes can be displayed using this technique. |
PMC1647280_F1_7791.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Three-dimensional ultrasound depicting multiplanar display of the uterus. All three orthogonal planes can be displayed using this technique. |
PMC1657022_F3_7802.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657022_F3_7799.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657022_F3_7795.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657022_F3_7797.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657022_F3_7798.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657022_F3_7805.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657022_F3_7794.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Confocal microscopy of DCX-positive cells. A, three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal microscopic z-series through sections stained for DCX expression. Two cells with no or short processes (A and B) are shown and two examples of cells in category E. Among all DCX-positive cells, category E is most abundant, accounting for more than 50% (see Fig. 4B) of the cells. Scale bar (in A for all panels), 30 μm. B, Co-localization of DCX and calretinin (CR) expression. CR expression identifies a postmitotic phase of granule cell development [8]. About 70% of all CR-positive cells are DCX-positive. The remaining DCX-positive CR-negative cells can be found in all categories except F (cf. Fig. 6B). Conversely, as depicted here, CR-positive cells can be found in all six categories. This also implies that (as suggested by the morphology) cells in categories A and B become postmitotic. The time span between exit from the cell cycle and the onset of CR expression varies. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 70 μm. C, many DCX-positive cells are in close contact to nestin-positive radial cells, here visualized in a nestin-GFP reporter gene mouse [19, 69]. These "vertical astrocytes" are considered the stem cells of the neurogenic region of the SGZ [1]. They are consistently S100β-negative [5]. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 100 μm. D, Ki67 identifies a DCX-expressing cell with category A morphology as dividing. The panels to the right and on the top depict reconstructions from a confocal z-stack in xz and yz direction to confirm that the Ki67-positive nucleus belongs in fact to the DCX-positive cell. Scale bar, 70 μm. E, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with B morphology, 4 h after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm. F, three-dimensional reconstruction of a BrdU-labeled cell with D morphology, 3 days after BrdU-injection. Scale bar, 70 μm.G, DCX-positive cells of all six morphological categories can be found in contact with astrocytes. In this example, during mitosis a GFAP-GFP-positive process surrounds the dividing DCX-expressing cell in the division plane. The separated sets of chromosomes were visualized with immunohistochemistry against phosphorylated histone H3 (red). Scale bar, 15 μm. H, apoptotic cells in the SGZ and granule cell layer were visualized with the TUNEL method (red). In the adult SGZ, TUNEL-positive cells are rare. Only 32 cells were found in 37 animals. Of these, a substantial number were DCX-positive (arrow in inset; DCX, blue), implying that cell death occurs indeed on the level of DCX expression. Co-localization was further demonstrated by placing virtual slices in yz and xz direction through the cell in question (top right) and by measuring the intensity of the fluorescent signals along a line placed across the cell (bottom right). The curves for the TUNEL signal (top, red) and DCX (bottom, blue) are at the same position. Single optical plane. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, the processes of GFAP-positive cells that engulf DCX-positive cells sometimes form a basket "cradling" the DCX-expressing cell. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 15 μm. K, the vertical astrocytes with their close spatial relationship to DCX-positive cells are negative for S100β (red), whereas processes of horizontal astrocytes (arrow) are positive for GFAP-GFP and DCX. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. L, not all DCX-positive cells have close contact to astrocytes as visualized with the GFAP-GFP reporter gene mouse. 3-D reconstruction. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7808.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature. |
PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7806.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature. |
PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7811.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature. |
PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7810.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature. |
PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7813.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature. |
PMC1657057_pgen-0020202-g004_7807.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Novel Shoot Phenotypes in hy5 hyh Double MutantsPhenotypic analyses of wt, hy5, hyh, and hy5 hyh seedlings.(A) Darkfield microscopy images of cotyledons cleared for visualization of the vasculature. The values for each genotype correspond to the average expanded cotyledon size 7 dag in cm2. The respective standard errors of the mean are 0.012, 0.011, 0.019, and 0.023 cm2.(B) Wild-type cotyledons, before and after clearing.(C and D) As in (B), for representative fused cotyledons of hy5 hyh seedlings. Note the true leaf opposing the fused cotyledon in (D).(E) Representative shoots of 12-d-old light-grown seedlings.(F) Representative first leaves.(G) Darkfield microscopy images of first leaves, cleared for visualization of the vasculature. |
PMC1660558_F1_7814.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Three-dimensional visualization of the rat central nervous system and projection of the corticospinal tract (CST) pathway. The data were acquired using 3D GE-MEI after 24 h of intracortical injection of Mn and electrical stimulation of the motor cortex. The red color denotes the Mn-enhancement, labeling the CST in brain and spinal cord. |
PMC1660558_F2_7815.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | In vivo visualization of the rat central nervous system and cross sectional views of the CST pathway in the sagittal and axial planes. This data were acquired using 3D GE-MEI (a and b) and IR-MEI (c and d). The arrow labeled "SCI" points to the lesion at the T4 level. Thin-rectangles overlaid on the sagittal images represent the slice orientation for the axial images. Arrowhead in a denotes the site of the Mn injection in the brain, where the signal hypointensity is due to the presence of high local concentration of Mn. SI – primary somatosensory cortex, ic – internal capsule, thal – thalamus, cp – cerebral peduncle and py – pyramidal tract. |
PMC1660558_F2_7816.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | In vivo visualization of the rat central nervous system and cross sectional views of the CST pathway in the sagittal and axial planes. This data were acquired using 3D GE-MEI (a and b) and IR-MEI (c and d). The arrow labeled "SCI" points to the lesion at the T4 level. Thin-rectangles overlaid on the sagittal images represent the slice orientation for the axial images. Arrowhead in a denotes the site of the Mn injection in the brain, where the signal hypointensity is due to the presence of high local concentration of Mn. SI – primary somatosensory cortex, ic – internal capsule, thal – thalamus, cp – cerebral peduncle and py – pyramidal tract. |
PMC1660558_F2_7818.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | In vivo visualization of the rat central nervous system and cross sectional views of the CST pathway in the sagittal and axial planes. This data were acquired using 3D GE-MEI (a and b) and IR-MEI (c and d). The arrow labeled "SCI" points to the lesion at the T4 level. Thin-rectangles overlaid on the sagittal images represent the slice orientation for the axial images. Arrowhead in a denotes the site of the Mn injection in the brain, where the signal hypointensity is due to the presence of high local concentration of Mn. SI – primary somatosensory cortex, ic – internal capsule, thal – thalamus, cp – cerebral peduncle and py – pyramidal tract. |
PMC1660558_F2_7817.jpg | What is shown in this image? | In vivo visualization of the rat central nervous system and cross sectional views of the CST pathway in the sagittal and axial planes. This data were acquired using 3D GE-MEI (a and b) and IR-MEI (c and d). The arrow labeled "SCI" points to the lesion at the T4 level. Thin-rectangles overlaid on the sagittal images represent the slice orientation for the axial images. Arrowhead in a denotes the site of the Mn injection in the brain, where the signal hypointensity is due to the presence of high local concentration of Mn. SI – primary somatosensory cortex, ic – internal capsule, thal – thalamus, cp – cerebral peduncle and py – pyramidal tract. |
PMC1660558_F5_7820.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Cigar-shaped ellipsoidal representation of the principal eigenvectors estimated from the DTI measurements. The eigenvector estimates from the Mn-labeled regions were only plotted on backgrounds that are the same as those rostral, epicenter and caudal images in Fig. 4. Therefore, the density of the vectors is associated with the size of the Mn-enhancement. Vector directions are all aligned along the cord in all the three images. The direction of the alignment is consistent with the anatomical orientation of the descending neuronal fibers in the CST. The DTI data acquisition included first the baseline image, followed by the diffusion-weighted images obtained with applying diffusion sensitizing gradients along the directions (110,101,011,-110,-101,0-11). Diffusion weighting was achieved using gradient strength = 80 mT/m, width (δ) = 6.5 ms and separation (Δ) = 11 ms to produce b-value of b = 342 s/mm2. Other parameters were TR/TE = 2500/26 ms, FOV = 10 × 10 mm2, acquisition matrix = 128 × 128, slice thickness = 2 mm and NEX = 2. |
PMC1660558_F5_7819.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Cigar-shaped ellipsoidal representation of the principal eigenvectors estimated from the DTI measurements. The eigenvector estimates from the Mn-labeled regions were only plotted on backgrounds that are the same as those rostral, epicenter and caudal images in Fig. 4. Therefore, the density of the vectors is associated with the size of the Mn-enhancement. Vector directions are all aligned along the cord in all the three images. The direction of the alignment is consistent with the anatomical orientation of the descending neuronal fibers in the CST. The DTI data acquisition included first the baseline image, followed by the diffusion-weighted images obtained with applying diffusion sensitizing gradients along the directions (110,101,011,-110,-101,0-11). Diffusion weighting was achieved using gradient strength = 80 mT/m, width (δ) = 6.5 ms and separation (Δ) = 11 ms to produce b-value of b = 342 s/mm2. Other parameters were TR/TE = 2500/26 ms, FOV = 10 × 10 mm2, acquisition matrix = 128 × 128, slice thickness = 2 mm and NEX = 2. |
PMC1660558_F5_7821.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Cigar-shaped ellipsoidal representation of the principal eigenvectors estimated from the DTI measurements. The eigenvector estimates from the Mn-labeled regions were only plotted on backgrounds that are the same as those rostral, epicenter and caudal images in Fig. 4. Therefore, the density of the vectors is associated with the size of the Mn-enhancement. Vector directions are all aligned along the cord in all the three images. The direction of the alignment is consistent with the anatomical orientation of the descending neuronal fibers in the CST. The DTI data acquisition included first the baseline image, followed by the diffusion-weighted images obtained with applying diffusion sensitizing gradients along the directions (110,101,011,-110,-101,0-11). Diffusion weighting was achieved using gradient strength = 80 mT/m, width (δ) = 6.5 ms and separation (Δ) = 11 ms to produce b-value of b = 342 s/mm2. Other parameters were TR/TE = 2500/26 ms, FOV = 10 × 10 mm2, acquisition matrix = 128 × 128, slice thickness = 2 mm and NEX = 2. |
PMC1660578_F3_7824.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | α-SMA. Normal canine liver, stained with α-SMA antibody. a) Portal areas show positivity around the bile ducts, in the arterial tunica media, and in the wall of the portal veins. There is slightly irregular moderate staining in the perisinusoidal spaces throughout the parenchyma. b) HSC stain positive, producing a thin irregular positive band lining the sinusoids. c) HSC stain positive. A positive cell containing one large vacuole (arrow-head is placed in vacuole) and a dislocated nucleus is seen. d) In the portal area there is strong positivity around the bile ducts and in the arterial tunica media, and moderate positivity in the wall of the portal veins, while endothelial cells remain negative (horizontal arrow). A portal MF with moderate positivity (vertical arrow) is present. |
PMC1660578_F3_7825.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | α-SMA. Normal canine liver, stained with α-SMA antibody. a) Portal areas show positivity around the bile ducts, in the arterial tunica media, and in the wall of the portal veins. There is slightly irregular moderate staining in the perisinusoidal spaces throughout the parenchyma. b) HSC stain positive, producing a thin irregular positive band lining the sinusoids. c) HSC stain positive. A positive cell containing one large vacuole (arrow-head is placed in vacuole) and a dislocated nucleus is seen. d) In the portal area there is strong positivity around the bile ducts and in the arterial tunica media, and moderate positivity in the wall of the portal veins, while endothelial cells remain negative (horizontal arrow). A portal MF with moderate positivity (vertical arrow) is present. |
PMC1660578_F3_7823.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | α-SMA. Normal canine liver, stained with α-SMA antibody. a) Portal areas show positivity around the bile ducts, in the arterial tunica media, and in the wall of the portal veins. There is slightly irregular moderate staining in the perisinusoidal spaces throughout the parenchyma. b) HSC stain positive, producing a thin irregular positive band lining the sinusoids. c) HSC stain positive. A positive cell containing one large vacuole (arrow-head is placed in vacuole) and a dislocated nucleus is seen. d) In the portal area there is strong positivity around the bile ducts and in the arterial tunica media, and moderate positivity in the wall of the portal veins, while endothelial cells remain negative (horizontal arrow). A portal MF with moderate positivity (vertical arrow) is present. |
PMC1660580_F1_7826.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Preoperative panoramic X-ray showing the left lower semi-impacted 3rd molar. |
PMC1660580_F3_7827.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | CT scans showed a cyst like low density area in the left ramus region. |
PMC1660580_F4_7828.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scans showed a cyst like low density area in the left ramus region. |
PMC1660580_F5_7829.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Normal appearing bone spicules with parts of vascular connective tissue (haematoxylin-eosin, original magnification × 40). |
PMC1661595_F1_7831.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | CT scan shows septal deviation and bilateral concha bullosa. |
PMC1661595_F2_7833.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | The view of granuloma under the respiratory epithelium of middle turbinate (HE-staining, original magnification ×100). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7837.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7840.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7835.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7836.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7839.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7842.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7834.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7838.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1661684_pbio-0040423-g004_7841.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Fluorescence Visualization of an ER Marker after UPR Induction(A) Cells treated with the UPR-inducing drug DTT (+DTT) or with no drug were visualized using a fusion protein between the translocon component Sec61 and the red-fluorescent protein “cherry.” Top panels show untreated cells, and bottom panels show representative UPR-induced cells.(B) Representative images showing UPR-induced cells that contain ERAs (indicated by arrows). |
PMC1664555_F3_7850.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels. |
PMC1664555_F3_7849.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels. |
PMC1664555_F3_7848.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels. |
PMC1664555_F3_7847.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Laser mediated heat shocks. (a) Transgenic wing tissue showing EGFP expressing cells as a result of a line heat shock. (b) Higher magnification of EGFP expressing cells. (c) Wildtype wing tissue after line heat shock. (d) Complex grid pattern of EGFP expression. (e) Complex butterfly pattern of EGFP expression as a result of laser heat shock. Scale bar = 100 μm in all panels. |
PMC1664566_F2_7852.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | (a) MRI of the pelvis showing the ample surrounding mesorectal tissue and fascia, in comparison to (b) which shows a CT image of the mediastinum showing how little tissue separates the oesophagus from important unresectable structures such as the aorta and heart. (c) Transverse cut sections of anterior resection specimen for rectal cancer (note how much more surrounding tissue there is compared with the oesophageal specimen) (d) Transverse cut sections of oesophageal resection specimen; this method of sectioning allows direct comparison with the pre-operative staging. |
PMC1664566_F2_7851.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | (a) MRI of the pelvis showing the ample surrounding mesorectal tissue and fascia, in comparison to (b) which shows a CT image of the mediastinum showing how little tissue separates the oesophagus from important unresectable structures such as the aorta and heart. (c) Transverse cut sections of anterior resection specimen for rectal cancer (note how much more surrounding tissue there is compared with the oesophageal specimen) (d) Transverse cut sections of oesophageal resection specimen; this method of sectioning allows direct comparison with the pre-operative staging. |
PMC1665399_f1-ehp0114-001697_7855.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Fluorescence images of fertilized eggs of ST II medaka exposed to 39.4-nm fluorescent nanoparticles in ERM solution (1 mg/L for 24 hr). (A) Whole egg image in the absence of nanoparticles. (B) Whole egg image in the presence of nanoparticles. Chorion of the egg (short arrow) and oil droplets (arrowheads) show high fluorescence. (C) Image of frozen section of exposed egg. Thickness of section was 20 μm. Egg envelope (long arrow) and a coalesced oil droplet (arrowhead) show high fluorescence intensities. Exposure time for a fluorescence image capture was 200 msec. |
PMC1665399_f1-ehp0114-001697_7856.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Fluorescence images of fertilized eggs of ST II medaka exposed to 39.4-nm fluorescent nanoparticles in ERM solution (1 mg/L for 24 hr). (A) Whole egg image in the absence of nanoparticles. (B) Whole egg image in the presence of nanoparticles. Chorion of the egg (short arrow) and oil droplets (arrowheads) show high fluorescence. (C) Image of frozen section of exposed egg. Thickness of section was 20 μm. Egg envelope (long arrow) and a coalesced oil droplet (arrowhead) show high fluorescence intensities. Exposure time for a fluorescence image capture was 200 msec. |
PMC1665399_f2-ehp0114-001697_7859.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Accumulation of 39.4-nm fluorescent particles in yolk of larval ST II medaka. Fertilized ST II eggs were exposed to 1 mg/L of nanoparticle ERM solution for 3 days, then moved to fresh, clean ERM until hatch. In the control, auto-fluorescence is detected from the gallbladder (white arrowhead) of the larva and slightly from the yolk area: (A) overlapped image; (B) fluorescence image. In the exposed larva obvious fluorescence is detected from the gallbladder (closed arrowhead) and yolk area: (C) overlapped image; (D) fluorescence image. Short arrows indicate liver. Long arrows indicate left duct of Cuvier. Exposure time for a fluorescence image capture was 200 msec. |
PMC1665399_f2-ehp0114-001697_7858.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Accumulation of 39.4-nm fluorescent particles in yolk of larval ST II medaka. Fertilized ST II eggs were exposed to 1 mg/L of nanoparticle ERM solution for 3 days, then moved to fresh, clean ERM until hatch. In the control, auto-fluorescence is detected from the gallbladder (white arrowhead) of the larva and slightly from the yolk area: (A) overlapped image; (B) fluorescence image. In the exposed larva obvious fluorescence is detected from the gallbladder (closed arrowhead) and yolk area: (C) overlapped image; (D) fluorescence image. Short arrows indicate liver. Long arrows indicate left duct of Cuvier. Exposure time for a fluorescence image capture was 200 msec. |
PMC1665453_F2_7863.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Lymphoscintigraphic study performed in a patient affected by invasive MC breast cancer (two nodules located in the upper outer and inner quadrants of the left breast). The patient underwent two subsequent lymphoscintigraphies after each intradermal injection of the tracer over the two neoplastic foci (2ID Group), showing two sentinel lymphatic channels mainly affering to different SLNs. A) First lymphoscintigraphy performed after the first radioisotope injection over the tumoral focus located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. One SLN is visualized in the axilla. An other LN shows low radioactivity. B) Second lymphoscintigraphy performed in the same patient after the second radioisotope injection over the other tumoral focus located in the upper inner quadrant of the breast. One different pathway is visualized traversing the outer upper quadrant of the breast, which is mainly connected to the second SLN visualized after the first injection. |
PMC1675991_F4_7869.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | 24 months postoperative anteroposterior and lateral x-rays after disc replaced at C4/5,5/6, Lateral flexion/extension x-rays show restored normal ROM. CT scan show no prosthesis excusion or heteostification. |
PMC1675991_F4_7867.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | 24 months postoperative anteroposterior and lateral x-rays after disc replaced at C4/5,5/6, Lateral flexion/extension x-rays show restored normal ROM. CT scan show no prosthesis excusion or heteostification. |
PMC1675991_F4_7866.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | 24 months postoperative anteroposterior and lateral x-rays after disc replaced at C4/5,5/6, Lateral flexion/extension x-rays show restored normal ROM. CT scan show no prosthesis excusion or heteostification. |
PMC1675992_F1_7872.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Evolutionary conservation of the SecY channel. Structure of the Methanococcus jannaschii SecY protein with sequence conservation mapped onto it. Conservation scores for SecY were calculated using the ConSurf server [22-24] based on a multiple alignment of 23 archaebacterial, 25 eukaryotic and 24 eubacterial SecY sequences. The conservation scores were displayed on the structure of SecY from Methanococcus jannaschii [15] (PDB code 1RH5) using Pymol [25] and the color_b.py script [26]. A) and B) are lateral views from the plane of the membrane, C) and D) are cytoplasmic views. B) and D) are sectioned at the middle of the molecule. |
PMC1675992_F1_7873.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Evolutionary conservation of the SecY channel. Structure of the Methanococcus jannaschii SecY protein with sequence conservation mapped onto it. Conservation scores for SecY were calculated using the ConSurf server [22-24] based on a multiple alignment of 23 archaebacterial, 25 eukaryotic and 24 eubacterial SecY sequences. The conservation scores were displayed on the structure of SecY from Methanococcus jannaschii [15] (PDB code 1RH5) using Pymol [25] and the color_b.py script [26]. A) and B) are lateral views from the plane of the membrane, C) and D) are cytoplasmic views. B) and D) are sectioned at the middle of the molecule. |
PMC1675992_F1_7870.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Evolutionary conservation of the SecY channel. Structure of the Methanococcus jannaschii SecY protein with sequence conservation mapped onto it. Conservation scores for SecY were calculated using the ConSurf server [22-24] based on a multiple alignment of 23 archaebacterial, 25 eukaryotic and 24 eubacterial SecY sequences. The conservation scores were displayed on the structure of SecY from Methanococcus jannaschii [15] (PDB code 1RH5) using Pymol [25] and the color_b.py script [26]. A) and B) are lateral views from the plane of the membrane, C) and D) are cytoplasmic views. B) and D) are sectioned at the middle of the molecule. |
PMC1675993_F1_7865.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | CT scan on admission. Fracture of the ninth right rib with hematothorax and emphysema. |
PMC1675996_F1_7874.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Orthopantomography showing radiopacity of the left maxillary sinus. |
PMC1675996_F2_7876.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Computed tomography scan (coronal plane) showing the foreign body located in the supero medial aspect of the maxillary sinus and partial mucosal thickening of the sinus upon the roots of the upper first molar. |
PMC1676009_F1_7879.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | a) Duodenoscopy showed a giant peptic ulcer with active bleeding at the posterior wall of the duodenal bulbs. 1b) Endoscopic therapy by clips was performed for recurrent bleeding again six days after the first TAE. |
PMC1676021_F2_7880.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Plain lateral neck radiograph showing a large air filled sac arising from posterior pharyngeal wall. |
PMC1679809_F1_7881.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | This image is provided as a replacement for the original figure 2; Chlamydiae within Peripheral Blood Transfer Infection when Cultured in vitro on J774A.1 host cell monolayers. BC from NBD peripheral blood samples were isolated, lysed and layered onto host cell monolayers as described. Epifluorescence image in Panel A shows a representative 96 h pi culture of a BC lysate from a Chlamydia smear positive sample. Panel B shows a representative example of a 96 h pi culture of a BC lysate from a Chlamydia negative smear sample. Note: panel A contains numerous cells with large inclusions, as well as cells with smaller inclusions. These are characteristic of multiple replicative rounds in culture. Photographed using a Nikon Eclipse E600 epifluorescence microscope and a SPOT digital camera Original magnification 400×. |
PMC1679809_F1_7882.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | This image is provided as a replacement for the original figure 2; Chlamydiae within Peripheral Blood Transfer Infection when Cultured in vitro on J774A.1 host cell monolayers. BC from NBD peripheral blood samples were isolated, lysed and layered onto host cell monolayers as described. Epifluorescence image in Panel A shows a representative 96 h pi culture of a BC lysate from a Chlamydia smear positive sample. Panel B shows a representative example of a 96 h pi culture of a BC lysate from a Chlamydia negative smear sample. Note: panel A contains numerous cells with large inclusions, as well as cells with smaller inclusions. These are characteristic of multiple replicative rounds in culture. Photographed using a Nikon Eclipse E600 epifluorescence microscope and a SPOT digital camera Original magnification 400×. |
PMC1684248_F2_7883.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Phenotypic analysis of patient II-1. A) Panoramic dental X-ray showing hypodontia (arrow 1) and area of maxillary hypoplasia (arrow 2), B: Eye imaging showing polycoria. |
PMC1684248_F2_7884.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Phenotypic analysis of patient II-1. A) Panoramic dental X-ray showing hypodontia (arrow 1) and area of maxillary hypoplasia (arrow 2), B: Eye imaging showing polycoria. |
PMC1684249_F2_7886.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Dental abnormalities in a 5-year-old girl from family A. a) Intraoral view. Note that the upper incisors have been restored with composite material to disguise their original conical shape. b) Ortopantomogram showing absence of ten primary and 11 permanent teeth in the jaws of the same individual. |
PMC1684249_F2_7885.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Dental abnormalities in a 5-year-old girl from family A. a) Intraoral view. Note that the upper incisors have been restored with composite material to disguise their original conical shape. b) Ortopantomogram showing absence of ten primary and 11 permanent teeth in the jaws of the same individual. |
PMC1687145_F4_7887.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Taken from one of our previous publications, the figure demonstrates the rapid development of intracellular organelles on the complex matrix (panel 2), compared to the simple matrix (panel 1). Here we have shown mitochondria probed with MitoTracker. Magnification is × 500. |
PMC1687182_F2_7889.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Top: Enlarged view of internal capsule with four corners marked. Bottom: Sobel gradient filtered image with enhanced edges of caudate and putamen marked. |
PMC1687182_F2_7888.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Top: Enlarged view of internal capsule with four corners marked. Bottom: Sobel gradient filtered image with enhanced edges of caudate and putamen marked. |
PMC1687187_F2_7890.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | An axial slice from computerised tomography confirming the spleen in the chest (X). |
PMC1693910_F4_7892.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Distribution of second-order neurons. A vibratome section at the level of the site of DiI injection (asterisk) reveals a large number of ipsilateral cell bodies, a more limited number of contralateral cell bodies, and two commissures connecting the left and right lateral line nuclei. The impression of massive spread of DiI is due to the saturation effect of scattered fluorescent light; a lower exposure reveals that the injection was confined to a much smaller region than the white blob in the figure. In this and all subsequent figures, the left PLL synaptic field has been labeled with DiI (in those cases where the injection was on the right, the figures have been inverted to simplify the perception by the reader). |
PMC1693910_F4_7891.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Distribution of second-order neurons. A vibratome section at the level of the site of DiI injection (asterisk) reveals a large number of ipsilateral cell bodies, a more limited number of contralateral cell bodies, and two commissures connecting the left and right lateral line nuclei. The impression of massive spread of DiI is due to the saturation effect of scattered fluorescent light; a lower exposure reveals that the injection was confined to a much smaller region than the white blob in the figure. In this and all subsequent figures, the left PLL synaptic field has been labeled with DiI (in those cases where the injection was on the right, the figures have been inverted to simplify the perception by the reader). |
PMC1693910_F16_7893.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Anterior neurons projecting back to the hindbrain. (a) Transverse section revealing the overall pattern at the level of the postotic commissure. A large amount of DiI was injected, resulting in the back-labeling of ALL neurons on the ipsilateral side as well as of central neurons at the midbrain-forebrain boundary. (b) Higher magnification revealing fibers that follow the post-optic commissure. Since such fibers are only observed when back-projecting neurons are labeled, we believe that they belong to the latter. (c) Detail of the same preparation cleaned with the 'Rapid Deconvolution' program of IPLab (see Materials and methods) to enhance the cell bodies of the back-projecting neurons. Also present on the contralateral side of this section is a fiber of ALc extending dorsally, possibly into the pretectum, as well as the anteriormost branchlet of a LT fiber that extends into the optic tectum. |
PMC1697810_F1_7897.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan of the cervix revealing a large mass (red arrows), 14 cm in greatest diameter extending from the left carotide triangle to the anterior-posterior mediastinum, in proximity with the great vessels of the heart, dislocating the left common carotid artery (yellow arrows) and the left vagus nerve without infiltrating them. |
PMC1697810_F2_7896.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | CT scan of the upper mediastinum (complementary to figure 1). |
PMC1697812_F6_7902.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7905.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7900.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7911.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7906.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7903.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7907.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7904.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7908.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7901.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697812_F6_7910.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Receptor-free uPA is required for fibrin clearance. Detection of fibrin deposition by immunohistochemistry (red stain, arrows) shows uniform staining in centrilobular area in livers of mice of all genotypes 2 days after CCl4. The clearance of fibrin coincides with the resolution of the centrilobular injury by day 14 in mice of each genotype, except for uPA° mice. (Magnification 200×) |
PMC1697813_F1_7899.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | A) Laparoscopic view of the cecum demonstrating foci of recurrent appendiceal mucinous tumor. B) Laparoscopic view of the anterior abdominal wall demonstrating recurrent mucinous tumor adherent to the parietal peritoneum. Note evidence of more solid tumor deposits suggesting the presence of adenocarcinoma as opposed to simple adenomucinosis. |
PMC1697813_F1_7898.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | A) Laparoscopic view of the cecum demonstrating foci of recurrent appendiceal mucinous tumor. B) Laparoscopic view of the anterior abdominal wall demonstrating recurrent mucinous tumor adherent to the parietal peritoneum. Note evidence of more solid tumor deposits suggesting the presence of adenocarcinoma as opposed to simple adenomucinosis. |
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