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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic16998.jpg
what organ system is imaged?
musculoskeletal
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3810319_fig2_239716.jpg
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Evolution of gliotic scar after ischemic stroke. (a) CT without contrast 17 months after ischemic stroke, showing a gliotic scar. (b) MRI FLAIR sequence 17 months after ischemic stroke, showing gliotic scar within the previously infarcted region. (c) CT without contrast two years after ischemic stroke, showing a dense,...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4006568_fig2_285080.jpg
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Chest computed tomography reveals extravasation of contrast medium in the right middle lobe (arrow) and compression of the middle lobe bronchus by a pulmonary hematoma (arrowhead). RML: right middle lobe; RLL: right lower lobe.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26843.jpg
what organ system is visualized?
heart and great vessels
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3058185_Fig1_90301.jpg
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Plain radiographs (a, b) showing the healing of fractures 1 year after the first floating elbow injury
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4428242_Fig3_385383.jpg
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Axial magnetic resonance images of the hand. (a) T1-weighted (repetition time (TR), 561ms; echo time (TE), 20ms) and (b) T2-weighted (TR, 3500ms; TE, 90ms) images of the right hand showing a well-circumscribed mass occupying the thenar muscles.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3055888_pone-0017660-g007_89759.jpg
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In vitro FGF inhibition studies in chick lung explants.Representative examples of stage b2 lung explant culture (A–B; D–E; G–H) and ISH for spry2 (C, F, I). D0: 0 h, D2: 48 h of incubation. A–B, DMSO treated explants. D–E and G–H, SU5402 treated explants with 20 and 40 µM, respectively. All images at the same magnifi...
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3821616_f8-ijms-14-20299_241907.jpg
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Transmission electron microscopy observations of chloroplasts in diploid (2×) and tetraploid (4×) Robinia pseudoacacia after one day and 10 days of salt treatment. (A) 0 day, 2×; (B) 10 days, 2×; (C) 0 day, 4×; (D) 10 days, 4×. Gr, granum; thylakoid (Th); P, plastoglobule; SG, starch grain.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26829.jpg
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2nd case. CT - sagittal plan of a large retroperitoneal hematoma - 17.76 cm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3625578_fig2_198336.jpg
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15-year-old thalassemic diabetic female patient. (a) Axial T2WI revealed decreased signal intensity of the liver. (b) Axial T2*GRE images revealed more drop in the signal intensity of the liver.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4105325_fig03_307561.jpg
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Behavioral and neural modulatory effects on reward prediction errors (N = 63). a) The reappraisal strategy did not change the beta weights of temporal difference (TD) errors on the next bet. b) TD errors activate the striatum and other reward-related brain regions in both Attend and Regulate conditions (P < 0.05 correc...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3474810_pone-0047384-g005_160991.jpg
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Observation of GFP-dsRNA and A2M-dsRNA treated clots in the presence of V. harveyi.SEM was used at an accelerating voltage at 20 kV and a magnification of 2,000× (A, B) or 20,000× (A′, B′) were applied. Blood clots were formed by the hanging drop technique in the presence of V. harveyi from the hemolymph of (A, A′) GFP...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2794843_F3_52985.jpg
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Time course of receptor internalization as visualized by confocal microscopy. Translocation of cell surface receptors into intracellular vesicles was measured for carbachol (1 mM), NDMC (10 μM) and AC-260584 (10 μM). Images are from a representative experiment repeated 2-3 times with similar results.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3812090_pntd-0002283-g002_239849.jpg
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Common yaws, bejel, and pinta lesions in 2013.Papillomatous primary yaws lesion (A); disseminated papilloma of secondary yaws (B); labial mucosal plaques of primary bejel (C); disfiguring infiltration of the nose, glabella, and forehead in a patient with secondary bejel (D); squamous plaque of primary pinta (E); late a...
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_69282.jpg
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Partial rupture of the patella tendon in Case 2 demonstrated by the lateral radiographs of the knee showing anterior displacement of the static cement spacer blocks. Note that the block was not keyed in.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2809415_fig2_55300.jpg
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SEM photomicrographs of S. epidermidis adhered to acrylic (a) and silicone (b) surfaces. Strains: A—IE214; B—IE186; C—9142; D—9142-M10; E—1457; F—1457-M10; G—IE75; H—LE7. The arrow shows bacterial cells adhered along a depression on silicone's surface. Magnification ×3000, bar = 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4100391_fig4_306507.jpg
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Follow-up nephrostogram demonstrating resolution of stricture after chemotherapy.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3818318_pone-0076415-g005_241209.jpg
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Spatial distribution of categorized pixels and ambiguous pixels.Black colored regions represent ambiguous pixels that were categorized with the probability less than 95% (upper) and 80% (bottom) threshold level, respectively. In this figure, we can overview the spatial precision of each transformation method.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4382935_Fig5_374294.jpg
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FCFM imaging of the different stages of carcinogenesis of the hamster cheek pouch after staining with acriflavine or methylene blue. A and B: mild dysplasia, C and D: severe dysplasia, E and F: carcinoma.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3983067_ppat-1004070-g003_280212.jpg
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21-in rescues desmosome structures during CVB3 infection.HL-1 cells were transfected and infected as indicated. “Sham” and “CVB3” are plain HL-1 cells infected with PBS or CVB3 at 10 MOI for 24 h, respectively. “CL-in-CVB3” and “21-in-CVB3” are HL-1 cells transfected with CL-in or 21-in and then infected with CVB3 at 1...
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4339192_pone.0117358.g002_361806.jpg
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In vitro Phase Inversion Imaging.Representative grayscale ultrasound images of the phase-inversion process of the DOX-loaded PLGA gel over time in vitro. The outer circle of the dashed yellow line indicates the boundary of the well formed by the agarose phantom. The inner circle of the red dashed line indicates the PLG...
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3750466_F4_226383.jpg
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This figure shows an example of an aortic angiosarcoma of the distal aortic arch in a 71-year-old male patient who was treated for congestive heart failure. The MDCT and MRI images (A-D) nicely illustrate the typical pedunculated appearance of the lesion in a location that is atypical for atheromatous thrombi. The firs...
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1459147_F1_5471.jpg
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Distribution of WFDC2 in the respiratory tract and salivary glands. Immunohistochemistry for WFDC2 was performed as described in materials and methods. Sections show staining in nasal antral mucosa (A, B), nasal polyps (C), airway sub-mucosal glands (D, E), epithelial cells of the airways (F) and negative staining in p...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2868835_F2_63966.jpg
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Cerebral microvessel changes 10 days after reperfusion. A, Cerebral microvessel perfusion obtained by FITC-dextran was compared with normal cerebral microvessels in homologous contralateral areas. B, No leakage of FITC-dextran and slight dilation of microvessels occurred in benign hyperemia. C, The area showing hyperem...
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2993652_F2_79847.jpg
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CellDetect® (A, C, E)and H&E (B, D, F) staining of neoplastic cervical epithelium. CellDetect® stained neoplastic cells red/magenta, at every grade. (A) CellDetect® staining of low-intermediate grade CIN. Note that the red staining neoplasia was conspicuously laminar, a feature facilitating grading even at low magnific...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3592849_pone-0057179-g004_190806.jpg
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Phase-contrast images of ELC colonies.PBMC from a DS1-treated dog were isolated 4 days post DS-1 cell infusion, and cultured in vitro. Two adherent cells appeared 4 days after the start of culture as shown in Panel A. Panel B shows the expansion of the 2-cell colony to a small ELC colony 10 days later. Panel C shows an...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4202289_RRU031F1_329168.jpg
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A patient with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy after exploratory thoracotomy, (a) CT image when started the RT, the arrow head showed an extracapsular LN invading the esophagus, (b) CT image (mediastinal window) of the esophageal perforation (the arrow head indicates the actual communication of an air-fille...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2759594_F0004_47681.jpg
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Nonunion following primary valgus osteotomy and osteosynthesis. (a) and (b): Pre-operative antero posterior and Lateral views showing intracapsular fracture neck femur. (c): Postoperative X-ray antero posterior view showing the screws' length is short. This fracture did not unite and the screws cut through the superola...
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61066.jpg
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Panoramic radiograph at relapse. Bone absorption observed at left side lower canine, the first premolar equivalent to department gingiva.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3494130_f2-etm-04-06-0987_165139.jpg
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Effect of tesaglitazar on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice of the control, diabetic and tesaglitazar treatment groups. (a) Hepatic steatosis and degree of inflammation were visualized by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Oil-red O staining and F4/80 immunohistoche...
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2841823_fig06_59748.jpg
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th2 Expression at embryonic stages. WISH to detect th1 (A,D,F) and th2 (B,C,E,E′,G,G′) expression in embryos at 24 (A–C) and 48 (D–G′) hpf. Lateral (A,B,D,E; dorsal up) and dorsal (C,F,G) views of the head are presented, anterior to the left. E′ and G′ are high magnifications of the boxed areas in E and G, respectively...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3995547_F1_282919.jpg
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Representative micrographs showing semi-quantitative scores of the fluorescence signals in the microscopic field. A. + small amount of bacteria (red), magnification 400x. B. ++ moderate amount of bacteria (red), magnification 400x. C. +++ large amount of bacteria (red), magnification 400×.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3112229_pone-0020828-g004_98651.jpg
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Immunohistochemistry for ACE2.(A) ACE2 stained RV, (B) control RV, (C) ACE2 stained kidney, (D) control kidney. 400× magnification.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4578959_pone.0138452.g001_425809.jpg
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Cell death-related OI signal before and after treatment.Fusion of color-coded fluorescence and anatomic white-light image of one animal before (A) and after (B) a one-week regorafenib monotherapy. Note the significant increase in cell death-related signal under therapy, predominantly in the center of the tumor. High si...
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyddo18086u02yo1wf9.jpg
Is there text?
Yes
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3871752_fig4720_254005.jpg
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A) Plain radiograph showing a radiolucent shadow of foreign body over penile shaft. B) A ball pen seen protruding out of urethrotomy incision. C) Endoscopic image showing wooden stick in unhealthy urethra.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4107474_F2_307936.jpg
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Macroscopic and microscopic findings. a. The macroscopic findings of renal cystic tumor (arrows). b. low power loupe images of 3 parts (①; cystic cavity, ②; renal cortex, ③; renal medulla). c. H&E stain. Marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and storiform fibrosis. d. Storiform fibrosis with Azan staining e. Immunohistoc...
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3304982_F1_130103.jpg
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Left panel: Comparison of location-matched longitudinal MPR images obtained from the “SPACE STL”, “SPACE SWL+SG”, and “SPACE SWL” scans, respectively, in a 45-year-old male volunteer. Right panel: Comparison in the depiction of carotid atherosclerotic plaques between regular SPACE (a.1-2, b.1-2) and SG-SPACE (a.3-4, b....
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3712574_F3_217990.jpg
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Actin cytoskeleton dynamics are impaired in p73β-expressing cellsHeLa cells were transfected with expression vector encoding for p73α or p73β, and compared with control cells transfected with the corresponding empty vector. The mobile actin fraction in p73α-, or p73β-expressing HeLa cells was measured by FRAP analysis ...
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4092867_cells-03-00500-f002_305250.jpg
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Immunohistochemical analysis of TRPM8 in malignant pancreatic tumors. (A,B) Adenocarcinoma. (C,D) Adenosquamous carcinoma. (E,F) Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm (G,H) Acinar cell carcinoma. (I,J) Neuroendocrine tumor. (A,C,E,G,I) H and E, original magnification ×200. (B,D,F,H,J) Immunohistochemistry using anti-TRPM8 an...
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4614538_f8_435168.jpg
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Mitochondrial fragmentation induced by NLRP3 inflammasome activation.(a) Confocal images of shScr or shDrp1 BMDMs left untreated or treated with LPS (0.25 μg/ml, 3 h), followed with nigericin (5 μM, 1 h) stimulation. Immunofluorescence assays were performed using anti-Tom20 antibody (red) and anti-NLRP3 antibody (green...
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0012.jpg
Do follicular carcinomas demonstrate capsular invasion that may be minimal, as in this case, or widespread, with extension into local structures of the neck by contrast?
yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4310207_F4_353779.jpg
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Histopathology in livers during acute MNV infection. Haematoxylin & eosin-stained liver sections from mock (a, d) or infected mice (108 RNA copies by oral gavage) at day 5 p.i. [MNV-O7 (b, e) and MNV-1 (c, f)]; infected WT (a–c) and Stat1−/− (d–f) mice are shown. Original magnification, ×20 bar, 300 μm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3813732_pone-0077824-g003_240230.jpg
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Representative images of histological alterations in the joint as indicated by H&E staining.One synovium site from every section is shown at 200× magnification.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3485302_pone-0048557-g004_162982.jpg
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Lack of Kv1.2 and Kv2.2 colocalization at the AIS of cultured hippocampal neurons. A–B and C–D: Pairs of representative confocal microscopy photomicrographs of hippocampal neurons cultured for 18 days, double immunostained for Kv1.2 (red) and Kv 2.2 (green), and counterstained with DAPI (A–D). Note that Kv1.2-expressi...
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3420623_fig1_150229.jpg
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(a)–(c) show brain PET scan of the patient showing bilateral, predominantly left-sided, parietotemporal hypometabolism in different orientations.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24650.jpg
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Chest CT scan with contrast showing a large mass involving the whole left lung with extension to the pulmonary trunk, with mediastinal shift to the right side.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3715264_f6-sensors-13-06957_218613.jpg
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X-ray CT data of murine kidneys with Visipaque™ contrast enhancement. The renal cortex is noted along the outer rim of the kidneys due to its higher uptake than the adjacent medulla. Also, minor and major calyxes and the renal pelvis at the core can be seen due to the higher concentration of contrast agent in those col...
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3503540_f1-etm-04-03-0363_167521.jpg
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Immunohistochemical staining of CXCL12 in (A) normal pancreas, (B) cancerous tissue, (C) paracancerous tissue and (D) lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCR4 in (E) normal pancreas, (F) cancerous tissue, (G) paracancerous tissue, (H) lymph node, (I) blood vessels of cancerous tissue, (J) peripancreatic neural...
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4428864_pone.0127049.g007_385609.jpg
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Imaging PPN with comparison between MRI modalities and immunolabeled histology.Coronal SWI, T1, and T2 MRI were matched to corresponding histological slices stained with AChE from M3 and M4. The corresponding warped atlas was overlaid on both the SWI and the histology. Matched coronal SWI slices are shown for all other...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2929622_fig1_72291.jpg
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Thoracic computed tomography (a hypodense mass lesion at the left pulmonary lobe).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1635984_F2_7672.jpg
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Immunostainings of cell clusters in the three-dimensional intestinal epithelial cell differentiation model. The nuclei in undifferentiated T84 epithelial cell clusters were more intensively labeled with c-myc antibody (Fig. 2A) than nuclei in TGFβ-treated cell clusters (Fig. 2B). The staining intensity with cytokeratin...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3163210_F4_106711.jpg
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Immunohistochemical localization of mesothelin in normal hen ovaries and hen ovaries containing tumor. Staining was not observed in normal ovaries (A-C) in either the stromal or follicular (F) compartments or in ovarian tumors that did not express mesothelin (D-F). Mesothelin staining was observed in the ovarian surfac...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4045943_pone-0099263-g003_294745.jpg
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Surface sialylation is conserved among oral fusobacteria.Fusobacterial clinical isolates were grown in SDM to mid-log phase before fluorescently labeling surface sialic acids. Each set of images is shown with the phase contrast image on the left and the corresponding epifluorescence image on the right. The pictured spe...
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3858366_pone-0083347-g003_250822.jpg
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Mitochondrial localization of Zn2+ induced ROS production.Cultures were co-loaded with MitoTracker Green and MitoTracker Red CM-H2XRos (MTR-CMH2) and confocal images (1000x) obtained prior to Zn2+ treatment (t = 0 min), at the end of the 5 min 300 μM Zn2+/pyrithione exposure (t = 5 min), and 5 min after washout (t = 10...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3637603_F3_201445.jpg
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Subcellular localization of ZmNAS-GFP fusion proteins in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. The coding regions of ZmNAS genes were C-terminal fused with GFP and were transiently expressed in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. The GFP signal is shown in green and chlorophyll autofluorescence (Chl) is indicated in red. T...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3628863_f2-etm-05-04-1211_199053.jpg
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Skin lesion histopathological and immunopathogenetic analysis of patient with plasmacytosis. (A) Dense mature plasmocyte inflammatory cell infiltration primarily in the deep dermal layer with few lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells; (a) HE magnification, ×100; (b) HE magnification, ×400); (B) Infiltrating plasmo...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4523658_fig4_411480.jpg
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Expression patterns of SHH pathway members in the normal human fetal cerebellum. Immunohistochemistry for (a) Shh, (b) Patched, (c) Smoothened, (d) Gli1, (e) Gli2, and (f) Gli3 in the cerebellum including EGL (external granular layer), ML (molecular layer), and IGL (internal granular layer) (examples are depicted from ...
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1760.jpg
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nice photo one kidney opened the other from capsular surface many cysts
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3812018_pone-0078019-g003_239833.jpg
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Resveratrol induces redistribution of PI [3], [4], [5]P3 reporter GFP-AKT-PH in mpkCCDc14 cells.Cultured mpkCCDc14 cells were transfected with GFP-AKT-PH and examined by live-cell epifluorescence microscopy. Addition of resveratrol (upper panels) caused a rapid redistribution of PI [3], [4], [5]P3 from the plasma membr...
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4579808_f2-ol-0-0-3513_426094.jpg
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Expression of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) and known neuroendocrine markers. Rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) sections (case 13) were stained with (A) hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and (B) anti-DCLK1, (C) anti-synaptophysin, (D) anti-chromogranin A and (E) anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)56 antibodies. Note t...
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4380102_fig8_373534.jpg
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Alizarin staining for the synthesis of bone mineral at 7, 14, and 21 days. The calcium minerals are stained in red. The mineral concentration was measured by osteogenesis assay and the results are shown in (d). The mineral concentration at day 21 is 10-fold higher than day 7, which demonstrated cells released from micr...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3469248_fig2_159819.jpg
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Microscopic appearance of Merkel cell carcinoma. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of a MCC section. (a) Nodular growth pattern. (b) Infiltrative growth pattern. (c) Lymphovascular invasion. (d) Skeletal muscle invasion.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3678496_fig1_210270.jpg
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Preoperative pelvis AP X-ray.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3420722_fig2_150309.jpg
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CT-scan (a) and MRI (b) showing a swelling of the right false cord (arrows) with involvement of the paraglottic space and without a sign of significant lymphadenopathy.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic40499.jpg
in what plane was this image taken?
axial
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3487740_F3_163436.jpg
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On MRI this expansive lesion with low signal in T1 WI and high signal in T2 WI conditioned left root compression and enhanced after gadolinium injection. These features suggest the diagnosis of a malignant lesion, most probably a metastasis. Arrow indicating the lesion.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4337613_fig4s1_361239.jpg
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The expression profile of βII spectrin and ankyrin G in axons at different developmental stages.Neurons at DIV 4 (A), DIV 8 (B), and DIV 12 (C) were immunostained for βII spectrin and ankyrin G. Reconstructed neuron images based on βII spectrin fluorescence, ankyrin G fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity profil...
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2374773_F8_22077.jpg
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Activation of microglia in L4 spinal cord segment following nerve injury. (A) Epifluorescence imgage of L4 spinal cord segment following nerve injury. Left half side in the image represents the nerve injured side. Laminae of dorsal and ventral horns are indicated by the numbers. Note the difference of microglia between...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4156204_f2-ol-08-04-1687_318235.jpg
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Expression of CK, CDX2 and MUC for I-type ampullary signet ring cell carcinoma. (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of I-type carcinomas. (B) Strong immunopositivity for CK20. (C) Positive expression of CDX2. (D) Immunopositivity for MUC2 (magnification, ×200). I, intestinal; CK, cytokeratin; MUC, mucin; CDX2, caudal-re...
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4319851_pone.0118072.g002_355994.jpg
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Changes in functional connectivity in resting state networks.Regions showing significant changes in functional connectivity in the (A) right executive control network (RECN), (B) left executive control network (LECN), and (C) ventral default mode network (vDMN) (p < 0.05 TFCE-cluster corrected for multiple comparison)....
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4465927_pone.0128963.g001_396281.jpg
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TEM images of CS nanoparticles (0.1% w/v CS).Blank CS-TPP nanoparticles (a), blank CS-DS nanoparticles (b), blank CS-PGA nanoparticles (c), CS-TPP-siRNA nanoparticles (d), CS-DS-siRNA nanoparticles (e), and CS-PGA-siRNA nanoparticles (f) at different magnifications (60 kx, 105 kx, 87 kx).
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3485901_fig4_163179.jpg
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(a) Picture of the position of a patient in the operating room for the lateral thoracotomy approach, with the ipsilateral arm raised. (b) Intraoperative picture showing bone erosion by the infection. (c) During the surgical procedure the site is repeatedly washed with 0.9% physiological solution so as to clear as much...