image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_2/PMC3171705_fig1_108333.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Example of an angioectasia. Although some reddening can be seen on the conventional image, the lesion is more clearly visualized by CE-FICE. a: Conventional CE image, b–d: CE-FICE images derived from the three different wavelength settings (b = setting 1; c = setting 2; d = setting 3). CE = conventional endoscopy; CE-FICE = CE with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4081353_f3-ol-08-02-0589_303284.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Hematoxylin and eosin staining and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine immunohistochemistry of the (A-D) primary lung lesion and (E-H) peritoneal metastasis. (A and E) Hematoxylin and eosin staining. (B and F) Cytokeratin 5/6 (positive in cytoplasm). (C and G) p63 (positive in nucleus). (D and H) pERK (positive in cytoplasm and/or nucleus) (magnification, ×200). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4405310_fig04_379695.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Histological and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a peripheral nerve sheath tumor or a benign schwannoma supporting the initial needle biopsy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3365122_pone-0037631-g005_140234.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Comparison of MR-angiographies derived from 3D TOF acquisitions at 3 T and 7 T.In all patients, TOF at 7 T was able to depict the branches of the main cerebral arteries in higher anatomical detail. In patients No. 4 (A) and No. 7 (B), the left MCA territory is shown in higher magnification. In comparison with 3 T, clearly more first and second order branches were visible at 7 T in comparison with 3 T (white arrowheads). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4506094_pone.0128386.g004_407095.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Exemplary chronic MS lesion.MS lesion in T2*w (A), T1w (B), FLAIR (C), SWI (D), phase (E) and magnitude (F) images. Prominent phase (black arrows) and corresponding T2*w/SWI hypointense rim are highlighted (white arrows). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3475697_pone-0047789-g008_161252.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemical detection of SP-G in human tissue samples.Sections from lung [A-B], eyelid [C], conjunctiva [D], meibomian glands [E], lacrimal gland [F], kidney [G], sebaceous gland [H], and testis [I] were analyzed. Red stained areas within the tissues indicate SP-G expression. Insets in the figures show magnifications for the respective tissue. Control sections (secondary antibody only) were negative (unstained) for each tissue. Scale bars in [A, C, E, I] 50 µm, in [B, D, F, G, H] 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3276130_fig1_125143.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana root growth behaviors. Representative seedlings from a variety of A. thaliana accessions that were grown on tilted hard agar plates. View is from the back of the plate, through the agar. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1783662_F1_9059.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Imaging of scrotal ancient schwannoma. a) Ultrasound image and b) CT image showing an intra-scrotal and extra-testicular mass in the mid-scrotal region [Capital red T – tumour, red t – testes]. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3672131_pone-0066177-g007_209033.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Confocal analysis of immunofluorescently stained lung sections.Lung sections were stained as described in the Materials and Methods section and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Representative images are shown. A, an image showing a spore (red) surrounded by F-actin (green). The projections show all planar views, including xy (center panel), xz (right panel) and yz (top panel)-stacks. B, the section was stained with wheat germ agglutinin to outline the plasma membrane (red) and anti-BclA antibodies to detect spores (green). Scale bars represent 10 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2722.jpg | Where is this? | heart |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4444795_Fig12_389868.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Severe retroperitoneal (type II) DP in an 80-year-old female following ERCP with sphincterotomy, incomplete removal of choledocholithiasis and positioning of a plastic CBD prosthesis (arrowhead). Post-procedural unenhanced CT viewed at both soft-tissue (a, b) and bone (c, d) window settings showed extensive retroperitoneal air (+) predominantly located in the right peri- and pararenal spaces, around the descending duodenum and tracking along the inferior vena cava and portal vein (thin arrows). Surgical exploration dictated by sepsis failed to detect a perforation site, and the patient recovered fully |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2092421_F3_15021.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | PET blot analysis of PrPTSE deposition in coronal brain slices of hamsters that were sham-operated or lymphadenectomized four weeks before footpad infection with the 0.001% inoculum. Levels correspond to regions I-III as indicated in figure 1 (A-C, E-G, I-K), and to a region containing the red nucleus (from where neural projections extend to the sciatic nerve innervating the footpad [D, H, L]). A-D: Samples from a sham-operated hamster that developed terminal scrapie at 300 dpi. E-H: Samples from the sham-operated hamster that remained free of scrapie symptoms until 314 dpi. I-L: Samples from one animal representative for five lymphadenectomized hamsters that remained free of scrapie symptoms until 314 dpi. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3901128_cells-01-00905-f002_261238.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Histology of developing germs reconstructed with mixed epithelial cells (emtg-2 cells: EC = 1:1) and MT on culture inserts. Germs cultured for 1 (a), 2 (b), 3 (c), 5 (d) and 7 days (e). (f) High magnification of the enclosed area in (b). Elongated epithelial cells (arrows in f) were detected after two days in culture. A developing tooth had a very thin dentin-like structure after seven days in culture (e: arrow heads). E: epithelium, m; mesenchyme, dot line; epithelial-mesenchymal interface. Scale bar in (a) is 200 μm and figure b–e are at the same magnification. Scale bar in (f) is 100 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56016.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | axial |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_59379.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Radiographic post-operative control |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3570425_pone-0055277-g005_185286.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Confocal microscopy showing PM localization for GFP-CNGC7, and the cngc7/8 bursting defect.Pollen were germinated in vitro and imaged. DIC images are shown to the left, and corresponding confocal fluorescence micrographs to the right. A) A negative control showing a wild type pollen tube without any GFP. B and C), GFP-CNGC7 in cngc7-3−/−, 8-1−/− showing a tip focused PM (plasma membrane) localization at the emerging tube (B) and the tip shank during tube extension (C). D) A non-rescued pollen from cngc7-3−/−, 8-1−/− (segregating a GFP-CNGC7) showing a typical bursting event at germination. Scale bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2018709_F1_14038.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A 53-year-old man with reported seizures was evaluated. (A) Head CT without contrast medium reveals a round left occipital mass lesion (arrow) with hyperdense margins and a hypodense center. (B) A T-2-weighted head MRI image without contrast shows a mass (arrow) with high central signal intensity, a ring of heterogeneous peripheral signal intensity similar to that of the brain parenchyma, and a surrounding area of bright signal in the white-matter tracts. (C) On the contrast-enhanced T-1-weighted head MRI image, the mass has low signal intensity centrally that suggests the presence of fluid, and is surrounded by an enhancement ring, beyond which extends an area of low signal that indicates edema. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3302993_Fig1_129687.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Photo of the fellow eye. Steep corneal curvature on biomicroscopy raised suspicions of a coexistent keratoconus |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29855.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Computed tomography of renal tumour at three months after surgery with the vascular graft in situ and the lesion in lower pole of left kidney, showing cystic change and reduction in size (as a result of tumour necrosis following ligation of accessory renal artery) |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic41139.jpg | what organ system is pictured here? | vascular and lymphatic |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1285.jpg | Is nervous present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3603257_fig03_193319.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Comparison of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and echocardiographic findings. A, There were no significant differences between WT and ChAT‐tg mice with regard to HR (590.5±14.4 vs 617.6±9.4 bpm, P=0.1811, n=13), systolic BP (101.3±2.6 vs 96.8±2.1 mm Hg, P=0.4592, n=15), and diastolic BP (67.5±3.4 vs 71.8±2.1 mm Hg, P=0.1162, n=15). B, Top panel: WT and ChAT‐tg hearts showed a similar pattern for mitral valve flow. Middle and bottom panels: Representative M‐mode echocardiograms of the left ventricles of the WT and ChAT‐tg mice (2 cases in each group). See Table 1 for details. WT indicates wild‐type; ChAT‐tg, choline acetyltransferase transgenic; bpm, beats per minute. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3892006_F1_258420.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Initial contrast-enhanced axial CT scan. The scan shows multiple fractures of the pelvic bone and the hematoma formed in the paravesical and prevesical retroperitoneum. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3109776_F0001_98123.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Photomicrographs from cases of collapsing glomerulopathy showing a glomerulus with the collapse of the tuft and hyperplasia of overlying visceral epithelial cells (a, H and E ×100). Higher magnification shows segmental involvement of the glomerular tuft (b, H and E ×400). The visceral epithelial cells demonstrate prominent intracytoplasmic droplets (c, H and E ×400). The silver methenamine stain highlights the segmental tuft collapse associated with hyperplasia of visceral epithelial cells (d, ×200) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4340874_pone.0116076.g002_362301.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Top-to-bottom LDI scans of a typical rabbit ear at different time points.Lighter shades correspond to higher perfusion in flux units and darker areas correspond to lower perfusion. A mean flux value was obtained for each image. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvj90sw074y65neasey.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz5dos8086u6kb26d05.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Lower-center, Lower-rigth |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4446459_fig1_390379.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | ((a) and (b)) A hypermetabolic primary mass distal to the bronchus of the right middle lobe on PET-CT. (c) Infiltration of small cell carcinoma in transbronchial biopsy of the mass (H&E, ×10). (d) Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) positive staining of tumor cells (TTF-1, ×10). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3695769_F3_214473.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Perfusion imaging. a) Perfusion defect in the inferior segments (yellow arrow). Note defect is predominantly subendocardial, has a physiologically credible distribution (right coronary artery territory) and is more than one pixel wide. b) Dark banding artifact (yellow arrow). Note defect is very dark, occurs already before contrast reaches the myocardium, is seen in the phase encoding direction (right-left in this case), and is approximately one pixel wide. c) Positioning of endocardial (red) and epicardial (green) contours and a ROI in the LV blood pool (blue) for semi-quantitative or quantitative analysis of perfusion data. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10865.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Worsened pneumothorax after long walk. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3694101_pone-0065119-g004_214084.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Case presentation with Osseofix® system.Radiological case report. Axial slice CT of L1 after stabilization with Osseofix® system. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4183582_pone-0109214-g010_324773.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Histological analysis of explants.Sections of the explants were subjected to H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Images were acquired under magnifications of 40× and 100×. * indicates the presence of blood vessel. Green color: mineralized bone matrix. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67942.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Repeat CT scan of the mandible. Repeat CT scan of the mandible showed changes along the external and internal surface of the mandible (arrow) with production of new bone along the body extending to the mandibular angle thought to be secondary to osteonecrosis from the radiation therapy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_19958.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Coronal CT image with partially visible ERCP stent in the distal common bile duct with surrounding clip artifact. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3216896_F2_115757.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Morphology and immunohistochemical stainings: (A) H&E (original magnification 100×) and (B) H&E (original magnification 400×) show a spindle cell proliferation in an intraparotideal lymph node with moderate cellular pleomorphy (C) Vimentin (original magnification 400×) and (D)HLA-DR (original magnification 400×) were strongly expressed by the tumor cells. (E) Clusterin (original magnification 400×) and (F) S100 protein (original magnification 400×) were negative in the tumor cells. (G)CD20 showed only very few reactive small B-cells (original magnification 400×) and (H) CD3 some reactive T-lymphocytes (original magnification 400×). Virtual Slides: http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777507, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777681, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777716, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777754, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777781 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4097124_F4_306006.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Group level activation maps for finger tapping of the impaired hand during the BCI therapy phase of the experiment. Panels demonstrate activations assessed (A) pre-therapy, (B) mid-therapy, (C) upon completion of therapy, and (D) 1 month after the cessation of all therapy, and show the development of a bilateral pattern of activation with increased recruitment of contralesional areas with the administration of therapy. Maps are displayed according to radiological conventions, such that the right side of the image corresponds to the left hemisphere of the brain. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71474.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Starting case, teleradiographic exam. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3654555_fig01_204508.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Confocal laser microscopy of L. donovani. Parasites were co-stained with DAPI, with mouse anti-Sti1 serum and with chicken anti-Hsp90 and anti-Hsp70 respectively. (A, E) Merge of DIC imaging and DAPI staining; (B, F) Sti1 distribution; (C) Hsp90 distribution; (D) merge of DAPI, anti-Sti1 and anti-Hsp90; (G) Hsp70 distribution; (H) merge of DAPI, anti-Sti1 and anti-Hsp70. The size bars represent 5 μm. k, kinetoplast; n, nucleus. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzgdp5k086u9eo56pww.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4114615_f1-ol-08-03-1058_309655.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Immunohistochemical staining of PTEN in normal oral tissue and OTSCC tissue. Cytoplasmic expression of PTEN in normal oral tissue at magnifications of (A) ×200 and (B) ×400. Loss of PTEN expression in OTSCC tissue at magnifications of (C) ×200 and (D) ×400. PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; OTSCC, oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3472892_F5_160577.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Modulation of prediction error BOLD responses by subject specific learning rates. Subject specific learning rates for losses (αloss) significantly modulated BOLD responses at the time of experienced prediction errors during the trust game in regions including (A) cingulate cortex, (B) inferior frontal/precentral gyrus, insula, and superior temporal gyrus. Scatter plots for illustrative purposes depict the relationship between the mean parameter estimates of BOLD activation that parametrically varies with model estimated prediction error values and model estimated learning rates for losses in the (C) cingulate and (D) insula. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3505640_fig3_168373.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Active and passive paradigms. (a) Differences in event-related response between passive listening to an auditory train of names and actively counting the occurrence of a specific name. Signals are strongest when the patient is counting (active paradigm) its own name. (b) Answering “yes” or “no” by mental imagery using fMRI. Thinking of playing tennis (to answer “yes”) activated motor areas, while thinking of walking through the house (to answer “no”) activated parahippocampal areas (adapted from [19, 37]). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3983259_pone-0094721-g003_280404.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effects of cadmium on the endocytosis.Control (A) and 10 µM cadmium-treated (B) pollen tubes were labeled with FM4-64, and time-lapse images were obtained using a Zeiss 5 live confocal microscope. In total, 9 control tubes and 15 cadmium-treated tubes were examined. No obvious individual differences were observed within control or cadmium-treated tubes, respectively. Images show that cadmium strongly inhibited endocytosis occuring at the tip of pollen tubes. Bars = 10 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuq8zn8074ygka8954g.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27047.jpg | what imaging modality was used? | xr - plain film |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvp912k074y1exo79ka.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03774.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan of the cervical spine revealing complete anterior sublaxation (C5 over C6 cervical vertebrae). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4256921_Fig1_341999.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Regions of interest (ROIs) that show differential perfusion in the case versus control analyses. Views are shown in standard radiological orientation. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39450.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Fluoroscopy. Anterior-posterior view. Atrial lead caught by Needle's Eye Snare and pulled into the femoral station to produce lead tension |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3145349_fig2_103763.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (a) Proximal jejunum was clamped using intestinal forceps to avoid distention of the distal bowel by the laparoscope. (b, c) Laparoscopic and endoscopic view. Transmitted light of both flexible endoscopy and laparoscopy could be seen through the duodenal wall. (d, e) Identification of the tumor location by poking the duodenal wall. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3541575_fig5_178168.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | (a) Abdominal CT scanning after 24 months from surgical treatment showed multiple small nodules in the liver with no abnormal findings in other organs. (b) Multiple metastatic nodules have remarkably reduced after two cycles of hepatic arterial infusion of cisplatin. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42215.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Patellar tendinopathy after autograft. Sagittal proton density with fat saturation image shows tendinopathy of patellar tendon (arrows) with increased signal intensity and increased anteroposterior diameter of the tendon, and oedema of the HFP |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3137607_pone-0022040-g004_102429.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemical labeling of activated astrocytes in acute (non-cultured) brain slices.Acute coronal slices of brain from P6 (A), 25–28(B) and 50+(C) day old mice, cryogenically subsectioned at 40 µm. The images of the neocortex were labeled immunohistochemically with SMI312 and GFAP in addition with a nucleus dye (Nuclear yellow) to investigate astrocytic activation of glial cells. Nuclear yellow staining is pseudo-coloured blue. Scale bar 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4087296_fig2_304582.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Sagittal (left) and coronal (right) T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging views of the abdomen and pelvis, showing right renal agenesis and complete absence of Müllerian/paramesonephric duct structures. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2936098_F0004_73042.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Chek in radiograph showing seated Master guttapercha cones in all the four canals |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3702445_F1_215864.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Axial computed tomography of the temporal bone shows a slightly ill-defined left middle ear soft tissue mass involving (A) the posterior mesotympanum (white arrow), and (B) the posterior epitympanum and mastoid antrum with erosion of the facial fallopian canal around the second genu (black arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4052480_fig11_296657.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Single-beat full-volume acquisition and automatic endocardial border detection allow fast assessment of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction with the possibility of averaging results over multiple cardiac beats. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3767673_pone-0074147-g002_230569.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Localization of immune cells in normal hen ovaries.Bu1a+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells (arrows) detected by immunohistochemistry in normal ovaries in the ovarian stroma (S), adjacent to follicles (f), in the thecal layer of follicles (double arrow) and were abundant in the cell layer under the ovarian surface epithelium (SE). Original magnification, 10x; scale bar = 100 µm. Selected areas (dotted boxes) are shown in an inset at higher magnification for Bu1a and CD8 staining; inset scale bars = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4287104_Fig2_349078.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Intraspinal nephrogenic rest in the thoracolumbar region. A. Magnetic resonance image of a vertebral body malformation. The arrow indicates the mass. B. The intraspinal mass contains nervous tissues and multiple nephrogenic foci (hematoxylin and eosin; ×40). C. Blastemal component of the mass (hematoxylin and eosin; ×400). D. Nephrogenic epithelial structures (nephric tubular and glomeruli) in the mass (hematoxylin and eosin; ×400). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3974844_pone-0093999-g001_278599.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Location of neuronal iconic protein expression in human renal tissues and in human brain tissues.Immunohistochemical staining of NeuN, NSE, nestin, S100, nephrin, synaptopodin, UCH-L1 and α-actinin-4 were positive in the glomerulus, with positive cells primarily localized around the glomerular capillary loop, approximately at the site of podocyte distribution (A, C), as well as in the polymorphic neurons in brain tissues (B, D). Elivison×400. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4585067_F1_427431.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Transmission electron micrographs of Lactobacillus paracasei A13: control cells (0.1 MPa) (A,B); 50 MPa HPH treated cells (C,D). Magnification: 28,500x (A) 73,000x (B) and 52,000x (C,D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3408382_F2_147429.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Histological and immunohistochemical staining of the endomyocardial biopsy prior to treatment revealed atypical, intermediate to large-sized lymphoid cell infiltration in myocardium; E: Hematoxylin and eosin staining (magnification at 400×). F: anti-CD19 staining (magnification at 400×). G: anti-CD20 staining (magnification at 400×). H: anti-CD79 staining (magnification at 400×). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22258.jpg | which plane is this image in? | axial |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3467290_pone-0046687-g005_159651.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Cultures and microscopic features of Hypoxylon pulicicidum. A. MUCL 49879, from left to right, 14-d-old cultures on oatmeal agar, malt-yeast extract agar, 2% malt agar. B. MUCL 49879, conidiophores from SNA. C. MUCL 49879, conidiophores from SNA. D. MUCL 49879, conidiogenous cells and conidia from SNA. E. MUCL 49879, Aerial view of conidiophore from SNA. F. Ascus mounted in 1% SDS (MJF 07147). G. Ascus apical apparatus stained in Melzer’s reagent. H. Ascospores mounted in water (CLL 0727). Scale bar: F. 20 µm; H. 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_60669.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A 77-year-old man with left renal leiomyoma. CT with contrast reveals a homogenously enhancing, cortical mass near the mid-pole of the left kidney with central calcifications (arrow). Its enhancement is isodense to the surrounding normal renal parenchyma. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3708745_F7_217347.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Qualitative evaluations of the proposed segmentation technique.(A) and (C) show examples of MRI axial slices from a mouse that had breast cancer. (B) and (D) show the accurately delineated pathological site using our proposed method, corresponding to slices in (A) and (C). While connected tumor region are shown in red, disconnected regions are indicated in green |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4185420_fig6s2_325151.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Pvr expression is regulated autonomously by bip1, Nup98, and RpS8 within the lymph gland.Mock FLP-out Gal4-expressing clones (GFP-positive cells, green) show no reduction in Pvr expression (red, A–A′), whereas similar clones expressing Pvr RNAi show a very strong reduction in Pvr protein expression (B–B′). FLP-out Gal4-expressing clones expressing either bip1 RNAi (C–C′) or Nup98 RNAi (D–D′) also reduce Pvr protein levels, with bip1 RNAi exhibiting somewhat stronger effects. FLP-out clones were made using Hand-gal4 UAS-FLP Ay-gal4 UAS-GFP at 25°C. Restricting the RNAi knockdown of bip1 (F), Nup98 (G), or RpS8 (H) to circulating cells with srpHemo-gal4 (E) shows no effect on lymph gland Pvr levels.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03626.013 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3919931_f4-ol-07-03-0778_266086.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Tumour cells revealed a high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, hyper-chromatic nuclei, occasional nucleoli and frequent mitoses (H&E; magnification, ×400). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3676639_Fig3_209895.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Confirmation of cells characteristics after co-culture with mEES-6 cells and hSG-fibro. a Phase-contrast micrograph. b Fluorescence micrograph. c Merged images of phase-contrast micrograph and fluorescence micrograph. Micrographs of (b, c) stained with antibody. d–h Immunostaining image: d green fluorescent protein (GFP), e amylase, f cytokeratin (CK), g basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), h nerve growth factor (NGF). Cell nuclei depicts with DAPI staining (blue). Scale bars 50 μm. i A summary of the immunofluorescence results indicating positive (+) or negative (−). j Confirmed changes in gene expression by RT-PCR before and after co-culture |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3849529_F1_248077.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Intraoral findings and magnetic resonance images. (A) An elastic hard mass is located in the right upper lip. Magnetic resonance images show an apparently circumscribed mass lesion in the right upper lip. (B) T1-weighted image. (C) T2-weighted image. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141284_F7_314793.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Graphic display of regional gray matter patterns of volume using the ROI depicted by the VLSM analysis (BA9/32) correlated with task performance in controls for (A) Arousal and (B) Valence rating differences (presented at a level of p < 0.05 unc). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23478.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | A splenic recess derived from the lesser sac appears in relation to the hilum of spleen |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4691476_fig1_456602.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Typical histological images of DILI. (a) Hepatocellular type. Histological examination showed centrilobular hepatic necrosis with punched out lesions. The inflammatory changes were relatively mild in the portal areas, compared with those in the liver parenchyma. (b) mixed type. There is dropout of liver cells in the perivenular zone and bridges of necrosis (“central to portal”). Note periportal mild to moderate inflammatory response. There is dropout of liver cells in the perivenular zone. Additionally cholestasis is observed. (c) Cholestatic type. Ballooning degeneration of liver cells and marked cholestasis (needle biopsy, H&E). C: central vein, P: portal vein, and black arrows: bile thrombus. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl6s3xb071ufo9e9qg4.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4362313_F2_368236.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Brain areas with significant volume reduction of white matter (WM). Green map: Control vs. PoTS, Red map: PoTS vs. Control. From left panel (−50): left middle temporal gyrus, (−34): left paracentral lobule, (−28): right postcentral gyrus, (−18): left precentral gyrus. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3441851_F2_154768.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Gastric lesion observed by gastroscopy before and after treatment with carboplatin plus pemetrexed. ( A) Gastroscopy revealed a slightly elevated mucosal lesion with an irregular surface in the midanterior body of the stomach that was confirmed by biopsy as a gastric adenocarcinoma before treatment. ( B) Disappearance of the mucosal lesion after four cycles of carboplatin plus pemetrexed. ( C) Chromoendoscopy with acetic acid-indigo carmine showed a mottled image with an indistinct border before treatment and ( D) normal mucosa after four cycles of carboplatin plus pemetrexed. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3704685_F2_216452.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | CT scans showing portal vein embolization and left and middle hepatic vein embolization a) CT scan showing metastatic lesion (arrow), b) CT scan after portal vein embolization, c) CT scan after left and middle hepatic vein embolization. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4614390_f8_435148.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Confocal microscopy imaging of a frozen rat tumor slice.The first row: the tumor tissue stained with 10 μM Rh-SA2; the second row: followed by treatment with pH 5.0 PBS (10 mM); the third row: followed by treatment with pH 7.0 PBS (10 mM). The images of green (a1, b1, and c1) and red channels (a2, b2, and c2) were collected at 420–530 nm (λex 405 nm) and 565–650 nm (λex 550 nm), respectively. The whole tumor tissue was cultured with 10 μM Rh-SA2 for 2 h, and then it was cut from one side. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic51685.jpg | with what modality is this image taken? | xr - plain film |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2281.jpg | What does this image show? | typical infiltrating adenocarcinoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3199742_F5_112867.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | SCL biopsy from same liver as ICL biopsy in Figure 3B. Dilated portal triads (*) and circumscribed areas of centrilobular vacuolation (black circles). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4319316_fig-5_355952.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Motility and developmental aggregation of stk mutants.A 5 µl aliquot of the cell suspension at 5 × 109 cells/ml for each strain were plated in the center of a CYE plate with 1.5% (A) or 0.4% agar (B) to examine motility. The same amount of cells of a strain was spotted onto a CF plate to examine development (C). Results were documented after incubation at 32 °C (See Materials and Methods). The scale bars in all three panels represent 1 cm. Indicated on the top of the figure are the strains used for all three panels: DK1622 (WT), YZ812 (ΔstkA), YZ813 (ΔstkB), and YZ910 (ΔstkC). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3220705_pone-0027863-g005_116415.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | eLORETA wire diagram and scatterplots showing a significant correlation between interhemispheric beta2 (21-30 Hz) phase synchronization of right auditory cortex and the Broca's area with auditory hallucination scores among patients with schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy (r = 0.82; p<0.05, corrected).The significant connectivity wire is projected onto a transparent fiducial cortical surface. a) axial view from the top; b) sagittal view from the left; c) coronal view from the front d) sagittal view from the right. The points to which the lines are connected represent the center of mass of the BAs. BA 42_45, connectivity between Brodmann areas 42 and 45. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26555.jpg | which plane is the image taken? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4047007_F3_295044.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Representative images showing tubular damages characterized by focal cast formation, slough and dilation of tubular epithelial cells (with ※, periodic acid-Schiff staining, magnification: 400X) in the cortex of kidney in rats (A-H). The fructose control rats had free access to 10% fructose in their drinking water over 5 weeks, while the consumption of fructose in the ginger (20 or 50 mg/kg)-treated (by gavage daily) rats was adjusted to that of the fructose control rats. The water-control rats had free access to tap water. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3614268_fig373_195938.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Transaxial CT and Fused FDG PET/CT ImagesFigure 2A shows multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the left cervical region, with the largest node measuring 2.6 cm in the short axis (SUVmax 6.0 gm/ mL). Figure 2C shows a conglomerate mass of the abdominal lymph nodes with the largest node measuring 6.8 cm in the short axis (SUVmax 5.9 gm/mL). There was complete morphological and metabolic disappearance (Figure 2B and 2D) of these nodes after androgen ablation and hormonal treatment. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) PET images show pretherapy disease burden (Figure 2E) and the dramatic response post-treatment (Figure 2F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3574665_f12-sensors-13-00071_186045.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (a) CW terahertz transmission images for the Gaussian beam; (b) CW terahertz transmission images for the QBB. The color of each pixel in all images represents the intensity of transmitted beam, where the white color as a maximum intensity, the yellow color, the red color, and the black color as a minimum intensity were sequentially used for illustrating the intensity as arbitrary units. The diameter of circular image is the same as that of the sample (50 mm). In Figure 8, d is the distance from the flat lens surface or the apex of an axicon to sample surface. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4225010_F7_334424.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Representative images (top panel) and quantitation (bottom panel) of perivascular fibrosis in left ventricles of uremic rats receiving no treatment (UC; n=6), or treatment with enalapril (UE; n=6), atrasentan (UA; n=6), paricalcitol (UP; n=6), or a combination of the 3 drugs (UEAP; n=5). Normal rats served as controls (Nor; n=6). αp ≤ 0.01 vs Nor. 200× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4331161_fig4_359119.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Biofilms formed by Candida species as observed by SEM. Samples were observed with a LEICA F-420 SIGMA model and scanning electron microscope using a normal electrode SE detector at 10 kV under high vacuum conditions and at a working distance of 4 mm. (a) C. albicans in YPD/2%; (b) C. glabrata in YNB/0.2%, (c) C. krusei in YPD/2%, and (d) C. parapsilosis in YPD/2%. The scale bar is indicated for each microphotography. White arrows indicate yeast, hyphae, or pseudohyphae cells. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4190290_Fig1_326341.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Induction of sphere cells from HCC cell lines. The sphere cells from a single cell at day 7 (A; SK-HEP-1, B; HLE) and day 14 (C; SK-HEP-1, D; HLE) in sphere induction culture medium. Induction began with a cell density of 1 × 105 cells/mL, and cultivated for 7 days (E, from SK-HEP-1 and F, from HLE). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4328358_Fig1_358219.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | The left figure shows the late gadolinium enhancement midventricular short axis slice of an acute phase MI, with segments 5-7 defined as IZ (including microvascular obstruction), segments 4 and 8 as BZ and the remaining segments as RM. The right figure shows the corresponding T2-weighted image, with segment 4 defined as BZ-inAAR, and segment 8 as BZ-outAAR. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4676315_f2-cln_70p781_452878.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | a-f: NBCA-TACE standardization. Selective angiography of the common hepatic artery (a, b) depicts a hypervascular lesion nourished by distal branches of the hepatic artery (arrows). Microcatheters reached the supplying arteries of the tumor (c). After the third microcatheterization, with two prior occlusions of smaller distal branches via the application of NBCA-Lipiodol mixture, no staining of the tumor was seen (d). Application of the NBCA-Lipiodol mixture was performed to definitively occlude that branch and final angiography showed complete occlusion of the branches directed to the tumor (e). The NBCA-Lipiodol mixture cast inside the occluded branches is shown by arrowheads (f). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv5903s074y5iad8ltl.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4696084_Fig2_457766.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Appearance of the palate after wound cleaning and biopsy. A large ulcer (1.5 × 1.3 cm) with a sharp edge and unhealthy base covered with slough is seen at the margin between the soft and hard palates on the right side. A smaller similar ulcer is present on the left side. A suture was placed at the biopsy site |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56483.jpg | what organ is this image of? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4176482_F4_322753.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Brain images. MRI (A), summed PET (B), and VT parametric images in a representative subject. The parametric images were calculated with the Logan plot (C) and spectral analysis (D) and are shown with the same color scale. Parametric images obtained with MA1 (not shown) were too noisy to be quantified. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3828235_pone-0080181-g003_243270.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Indirect Immunofluorescence of PMCA4a in the murine endometrium of the uterus during the estrous cycleUsing frozen sections PMCA4a immunoreactivity (red) was detected in the uterine luminal epithelium in pro-estrus (e - g) and estrus phases (i - k) but not during metestrus (m - o) and diestrus (a - c). The nuclei were visualized by staining with Draq-5 (blue). Negative controls (NC) in PBS or IgG are shown in d, h, l, and p. The images were captured using confocal microscopy and a 20x (a plan-Apochromatic) objective lens. LE = luminal epithelium; L= lumen; ST= stroma. Bar = 100 µm (same scale for all micrographs, and 200 µm for insets). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2845804_fig4_60596.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Results from the whole brain analysis. (A) The whole brain analysis revealed significant increases in BOLD signal when up arrow cues were detected across all three task conditions in a network of brain regions including the IFG bilaterally. There was no significant difference between acquisition blocks in the RIFG even at a liberal uncorrected threshold. (B) There was a significant effect of block within the left sensorimotor cortex ROIs. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1445.jpg | What is present ? | endocrine |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4414176_F1_381828.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression of p22phox was significantly higher in CDDP-resistant than CDDP-sensitive OSCC tissuesImmunohistochemical staining of p22phox protein expression in healthy mucosa (A and E), CDDP-resistant (B–D) and CDDP-sensitive OSCC (F–H) tissue sections. The magnified views of the boxed (blue) areas are shown in the corner panels (black). The red arrows indicate intense perinuclear staining of p22phox in the CDDP-resistant OSCC cases. Magnification: 200X. |
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