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“Large” pieces are very small!!
Driftwood was advertised as 2 “Large” pieces. I did receive 2 pieces, but I would in no way call them large. Each piece was about hand sized. Very disappointing. They might be useful in a tiny tank (5 gallons or less).. I will say that they were packed for shipping very well. Wrapped in bubble wrap, and shipped in a box.
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We introduce the Visual Data Management System (VDMS), which enables faster
access to big-visual-data and adds support to visual analytics. This is
achieved by searching for relevant visual data via metadata stored as a graph,
and enabling faster access to visual data through new machine-friendly storage
formats. VDMS differs from existing large scale photo serving, video streaming,
and textual big-data management systems due to its primary focus on supporting
machine learning and data analytics pipelines that use visual data (images,
videos, and feature vectors), treating these as first class entities. We
describe how to use VDMS via its user friendly interface and how it enables
rich and efficient vision analytics through a machine learning pipeline for
processing medical images. We show the improved performance of 2x in complex
queries over a comparable set-up.
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For (2+2)-dimensional nonholonomic distributions, the physical information
contained into a spacetime (pseudo) Riemannian metric can be encoded
equivalently into new types of geometric structures and linear connections
constructed as nonholonomic deformations of the Levi-Civita connection. Such
deformations and induced geometric/physical objects are completely determined
by a prescribed metric tensor. Reformulation of the Einstein equations in
nonholonomic variables (tetrads and new connections, for instance, with
constant coefficient curvatures and/or Yang-Mills like potentials) reveals
hidden geometric and rich quantum structures. It is shown how the Einstein
gravity theory can be re-defined equivalently as certain gauge models on
nonholonomic affine and/or de Sitter frame bundles. We speculate on possible
applications of the geometry of nonholonomic distributions with associated
nonlinear connections in classical and quantum gravity.
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We give a self-contained proof of the strongest version of Mason's
conjecture, namely that for any matroid the sequence of the number of
independent sets of given sizes is ultra log-concave. To do this, we introduce
a class of polynomials, called completely log-concave polynomials, whose
bivariate restrictions have ultra log-concave coefficients. At the heart of our
proof we show that for any matroid, the homogenization of the generating
polynomial of its independent sets is completely log-concave.
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This paper studies hybrid beamforming (HB)-based non-orthogonal multiple
access (NOMA) in multiuser millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. HB offers
power-efficient and low-complexity precoding for downlink multiuser mmWave
systems which increases multiplexing gain and spectral efficiency of the
system. Applying NOMA to HB-based systems, called HB-NOMA, can scale the number
of users while offering a high spectral efficiency. However, an imperfect
correlation between the effective channels of users in each NOMA cluster
seriously degrades the achievable rate of HB-NOMA. In this paper, first a
sum-rate maximization problem is formulated for HB-NOMA, and an algorithm is
proposed to solve it effectively. It is then shown that the relationship
between the effective channels of the users in each NOMA cluster can be
approximated by a correlation factor. Next, the effect of imperfect correlation
is analyzed, and a lower bound on the achievable rate of the users is derived
for both perfect and imperfect correlation. Finally, the rate gap resulting
from an imperfect correlation is evaluated and a tight upper bound is derived
for that. Simulation results show that low correlation degrades the achievable
rate of users. The lower bounds are tight in the large dimensional regime and
in single-path channels.
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Trump called the previous bill "mean" but he now supports a bill that is equally mean. The Republicans had 7 years to create a "better" replacement for Obamacare and the best they can do after all that time is a weird hack and prune job on Obamacare rather than the "better cheaper health insurance" bill Donald Trump promised to deliver. Can anyone take these people seriously?
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This text presents a cognitive-psychology analysis of spontaneous, co-speech
gestures in a face-to-face architectural design meeting (A1 in DTRS7). The
long-term objective is to formulate specifications for remote
collaborative-design systems, especially for supporting the use of different
semiotic modalities (multi-modal interaction). According to their function for
design, interaction, and collaboration, we distinguish different gesture
families: representational (entity designating or specifying), organisational
(management of discourse, interaction, or functional design actions),
focalising, discourse and interaction modulating, and disambiguating gestures.
Discussion and conclusion concern the following points. It is impossible to
attribute fixed functions to particular gesture forms. "Designating" gestures
may also have a design function. The gestures identified in A1 possess a
certain generic character. The gestures identified are neither systematically
irreplaceable, nor optional accessories to speech or drawing. We discuss the
possibilities for gesture in computer-supported collaborative software systems.
The paper closes on our contribution to gesture studies and cognitive design
research.
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We present a single-dish mapping algorithm with a number of advantages over
traditional techniques. (1) Our algorithm makes use of weighted modeling,
instead of weighted averaging, to interpolate between signal measurements. This
smooths the data, but without blurring the data beyond instrumental resolution.
Techniques that rely on weighted averaging blur point sources sometimes as much
as 40%. (2) Our algorithm makes use of local, instead of global, modeling to
separate astronomical signal from instrumental and/or environmental signal
drift along the telescope's scans. Other techniques, such as basket weaving,
model this drift with simple functional forms (linear, quadratic, etc.) across
the entirety of scans, limiting their ability to remove such contaminants. (3)
Our algorithm makes use of a similar, local modeling technique to separate
astronomical signal from radio-frequency interference (RFI), even if only
continuum data are available. (4) Unlike other techniques, our algorithm does
not require data to be collected on a rectangular grid or regridded before
processing. (5) Data from any number of observations, overlapping or not, may
be appended and processed together. (6) Any pixel density may be selected for
the final image. We present our algorithm, and evaluate it using both simulated
and real data. We are integrating it into the image-processing library of the
Skynet Robotic Telescope Network, which includes optical telescopes spanning
four continents, and now also Green Bank Observatory's 20-meter diameter radio
telescope in West Virginia. Skynet serves hundreds of professional users, and
additionally tens of thousands of students, of all ages. Default data products
are generated on the fly, but will soon be customizable after the fact.
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Bill: I find motivation extremely important. My favorite example comes from Own Wister's "The Virginian" when the Virginian wins a poker hand from the antagonist and the guy calles him a "Son of a B$#%%" (think of what Trump called the players). The Virginian responds "Smile when you sad that." The point is simple: If you are kidding and mean no insult....no big deal. If, on the other hand, an insult is intended, it IS a big deal.
The "take a knee" players made it very clear no insult to our nation was intended. To me that is very, very important. To me, the real meaning behind a person's action is extremely important. Gary Crum
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How can we edit or transform the geometric or color property of a point
cloud? In this study, we propose a neural style transfer method for point
clouds which allows us to transfer the style of geometry or color from one
point cloud either independently or simultaneously to another. This transfer is
achieved by manipulating the content representations and Gram-based style
representations extracted from a pre-trained PointNet-based classification
network for colored point clouds. As Gram-based style representation is
invariant to the number or the order of points, the same method can be extended
to transfer the style extracted from an image to the color expression of a
point cloud by merely treating the image as a set of pixels. Experimental
results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method for transferring
style from either an image or a point cloud to another point cloud of a single
object or even an indoor scene.
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The hot Jupiter HD 189733b was observed during its primary transit using the
Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The transit depths were
measured simultaneously at 3.6 and 5.8 microns. Our analysis yields values of
2.356 +- 0.019 % and 2.436 +- 0.020$ % at 3.6 and 5.8 microns respectively, for
a uniform source. We estimated the contribution of the limb-darkening and
star-spot effects on the final results. We concluded that although the limb
darkening increases by ~0.02-0.03 % the transit depths, and the differential
effects between the two IRAC bands is even smaller, 0.01 %. Furthermore, the
host star is known to be an active spotted K star with observed photometric
modulation. If we adopt an extreme model of 20 % coverage with spots 1000K
cooler of the star surface, it will make the observed transits shallower by
0.19 and 0.18 %. The difference between the two bands will be only of 0.01 %,
in the opposite direction to the limb darkening correction. If the transit
depth is affected by limb darkening and spots, the differential effects between
the 3.6 and 5.8 microns bands are very small. The differential transit depths
at 3.6 and 5.8 microns and the recent one published by Knutson et al.(2007) at
8 microns are in agreement with the presence of water vapour in the upper
atmosphere of the planet. This is the companion paper to Tinetti et al.
(2007b), where the detailed atmosphere models are presented.
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We survey results on the description of stochastically evolving genealogies
of populations and marked genealogies of multitype populations or spatial
populations via tree-valued Markov processes on (marked) ultrametric measure
spaces. In particular we explain the choice of state spaces and their
topologies, describe the dynamics of genealogical Fleming-Viot and branching
models by well-posed martingale problems, and formulate the typical results on
the longtime behavior. Furthermore we discuss the basic techniques of proofs
and sketch as two key tools of analysis the different forms of duality and the
Girsanov transformation.
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This paper studies a nonlinear fractional implicit differential equation
(FIDE) with boundary conditions involving a HilferHadamard type fractional
derivative. We establish the equivalence between the Cauchy-type problem (FIDE)
and its mixed type integral equation through a variety of tools of some
properties of fractional calculus and weighted spaces of continuous functions.
The existence and uniqueness of solutions are obtained. Further, the Ulam-Hyers
and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability are discussed. The arguments in the analysis
rely on Schaefer fixed point theorem, Banach contraction principle and
generalized Gronwall inequality. At the end, an illustrative example will be
introduced to justify our results
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We study the effect of clustering on the organization of cooperation, by
analyzing the evolutionary dynamics of the Prisoner's Dilemma on scale-free
networks with a tunable value of clustering. We find that a high value of the
clustering coefficient produces an overall enhancement of cooperation in the
network, even for a very high temptation to defect. On the other hand, high
clustering homogeneizes the process of invasion of degree classes by defectors,
decreasing the chances of survival of low densities of cooperator strategists
in the network.
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When I found out there was a movie that had both my favorite actresses Meryl Streep and Wynona Ryder, I went through the roof!But I had a hard fall after watching this lame movie and I still have the bruise.First of all the character that Jeremy Irons (an actor I still admire even after this disappointment)plays was just awful. He treated his family like crap, especially his sister, played by Glenn Close. I could not get close or sympathize with any of the characters and I'm no prude, but the sex scenes were really unnecessary or they could have been toned down. Wynona and Antonio's characters could have been developed a lot more and their romance could have been much more passionate. And what was with Meryl's character and her "mystical powers"? Why didn't they go into this more? This film had a lot of dead ends and the bottom line is that this is a really lousy movie and there was a lot of wasted talent here.
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Pulsars are precision celestial clocks. When being put in a binary, the
ticking conveys the secret of underlying spacetime geometrodynamics. We use
pulsars to test if the gravitational interaction possesses a tiny deviation
from Einstein's General Relativity (GR). In the framework of Standard-Model
Extension (SME), we systematically search for Lorentz-violating operators
cataloged by (a) the minimal couplings of mass dimension 4, (b) the CPT
symmetry of mass dimension 5, and (c) the gravitational weak equivalence
principle (GWEP) of mass dimension 8. No deviation from GR was found yet.
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We prove a Fredholm criterion for operators in the Banach algebra of singular
integral operators with matrix piecewise continuous coefficients acting on a
variable Lebesgue space with a radial oscillating weight over a logarithmic
Carleson curve. The local spectra of these operators are massive and have a
shape of spiralic horns depending on the value of the variable exponent, the
spirality indices of the curve, and the Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of the
weight at each point. These results extend (partially) the results of A.
B\"ottcher, Yu. Karlovich, and V. Rabinovich for standard Lebesgue spaces to
the case of variable Lebesgue spaces.
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Kishimoto's tenure at GUSD in Arizona was also pretty rocky. She angered employees, board members, community members and parents. That's why her contract there was also not renewed. My major problem with her appointment however, is that she has never taught in a K12 school classroom. I believe that's a major gap in the qualification of anybody for a position of educational leadership.
Of course, the deal is now done. I can only hope that her leadership can provide some unification in a very fractured climate of leadership. We'll know in three years. We'll also find out about the Board of Education's ability to learn from the past and provide effective oversight and accurate evaluation of performance.
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Weak. Charging indicators are ultra confusing.
Nice looking razor that comes with useless instructions.I can't tell if this thing is charged or not. When I got it and plugged it in, the plug symbol was red and there was a blue flashing battery. Flashing on other devices that I have means charging as does red. Usually something red will turn to green or the battery icon will stop flashing and be steady or the battery light will go off when charged, but this thing did none of that. Over 90 minutes later and the battery was still flashing. There is nothing in the barely legible instruction paper about what means charged. I left it plugged in overnight and it was still flashing in the morning so I tried it out. It worked okay but is pretty weak in my view. After use, I plugged it in and the battery light did not come on at all, just the red light. Charged? Not charged? Charging? Who knows. About a minute late later, the battery started flashing on and off again. People who make these items need to get their act together and use standard methods of information to display. As I said above, most things go from red to green when charged. Easy peasy. Or, they flash when charging and go solid when charged. This thing stays red apparently all the time and maybe or maybe not flashes when charged. I still don't know. In any case, after the overnight charge and use, when I turned it on, it was very quiet and totally lacked any sort of power. If the battery is fully charged and the power that I got is the max this thing can do, I'd pass on it and buy something better.
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Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties,
though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition
is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based
single crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic
(1-x)BiTi(1-y)/2FeyMg(1-y)/2O3-(x)CaTiO3 (BTFM-CTO) solid solution in large
area, confirming its ferroelectricity at atomic-scale with a spontaneous
polarization of 79~89uC/cm2. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk
magnetization of ~0.07uB/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced
polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of
2.7-3.0X10-7s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution
processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel
room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM-CTO film, making it
possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure
that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.
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In this paper we derive the probability of the radial profiles of spherically
symmetric inhomogeneities in order to provide an improved estimation of the
number density of primordial black holes (PBHs). We demonstrate that the
probability of PBH formation depends sensitively on the radial profile of the
initial configuration. We do this by characterising this profile with two
parameters chosen heuristically: the amplitude of the inhomogeneity and the
second radial derivative, both evaluated at the centre of the configuration. We
calculate the joint probability of initial cosmological inhomogeneities as a
function of these two parameters and then find a correspondence between these
parameters and those used in numerical computations of PBH formation. Finally,
we extend our heuristic study to evaluate the probability of PBH formation
taking into account for the first time the radial profile of curvature
inhomogeneities.
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Tracking sexual violence is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a
supervised learning-based automated sexual violence report tracking model that
is more scalable, and reliable than its crowdsource based counterparts. We
define the sexual violence report tracking problem by considering victim,
perpetrator contexts and the nature of the violence. We find that our model
could identify sexual violence reports with a precision and recall of 80.4% and
83.4%, respectively. Moreover, we also applied the model during and after the
\#MeToo movement. Several interesting findings are discovered which are not
easily identifiable from a shallow analysis.
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We analyze the performance of a quantum repeater protocol based on single
trapped ions. At each node, single trapped ions embedded into high finesse
cavities emit single photons whose polarization is entangled with the ion
state. A specific detection of two photons at a central station located
half-way between two nodes heralds the entanglement of two remote ions.
Entanglement can be extended to long distances by applying successive
entanglement swapping operations based on two-ion gate operations that have
already been demonstrated experimentally with high precision. Our calculation
shows that the distribution rate of entanglement achievable with such an
ion-based quantum repeater protocol is higher by orders of magnitude than the
rates that are achievable with the best known schemes based on atomic ensemble
memories and linear optics. The main reason is that for trapped ions the
entanglement swapping operations are performed deterministically, in contrast
to success probabilities below 50 percent per swapping with linear optics. The
scheme requires efficient collection of the emitted photons, which can be
achieved with cavities, and efficient conversion of their wavelength, which can
be done via stimulated parametric down-conversion. We also suggest how to
realize temporal multiplexing, which offers additional significant speed-ups in
entanglement distribution, with trapped ions.
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Zombi 3 has an interesting history in it's making. Firstly, it is a sequel to Fulci's hit Zombi 2, with Zombi 2 itself being of course a marketing ploy to trick people into thinking it was a sequel to George A. Romero's Dawn of the Dead aka Zombi. Confusing enough? Basically, none of the films have anything to do with one another, but who cares when they make money. I guess Fulci himself starting to not care about the production about half way through Zombi 3 when he decided to walk out. Bruno Mattei was brought on board to help pad the film with additional scenes to lengthen the running time.<br /><br />Zombi 3's plot is your typical zombie fare. Scientists develop a serum on an island in the Philippines, terrorists steal it unleashing a plague, and zombie run amok. The scientists want to create an antidote, while the military is set on mowing down everyone without prejudice. There are also brief inserts of a Radio DJ preaching about how we treat the planet. <br /><br />Overall, I actually liked this film. I heard horrible things, but I find the goofy dialogue quite enjoyable. The film seems to be an attempt at raising awareness about pollution, corrupted military, Man playing God, etc. I get the feeling this was at one point a serious film, but it veered off in a weird direction, presumably when Mattei came on board.<br /><br />Besides ripping off other zombie flicks, this was very reminiscent of Romero's The Crazies. You hear the Radio DJ breaking the good news with, "When you see the men in white suits & gas masks, Run to them for Help." This is of course played to the images of the men in white gunning down zombies. Later, they straight up steal a scene from Crazies in which one of the regular, uncontaminated people is killed by mistake.<br /><br />The gore factor is pretty good in this one with zombie hordes around every corner. How is it cool? Let me count the ways
1. Zombie Birth 2. Flying Zombie Head 3. Zombie Birds. 4. Zombie with no legs swimming in a pool. My favorite zombie was the machete-wielding maniac at the gas station. He was bad ass and nearly tore down the entire building trying to kill a girl.<br /><br />Favorite Quote When a sergeant insists on cremating a zombie, the scientists asks, "Don't you think that once the ash is in the air, it will fall to the ground, and contaminate everything?" To which the Sargeant boldly replies, "Now you're talking science fiction." He also continues to mention the "Science Fiction" told by the scientists even at the end when everyone dies.<br /><br />Extras: Gallery, Trailers, and Interviews, most notably the one with Mattei where he insists he directed 40% of the scenes, yet cannot recall which ones or any other significant details.<br /><br />Bottom Line: A must see for zombie and Fulci fans.<br /><br />Rating: 7/10<br /><br />Molly Celaschi www.HorrorYearbook.com MySpace.com/HorrorYearbook
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Riding Giants is an incredible documentary detailing the history and stories of three influential big-wave surfers, Gregg Noll, Jeff Clark, and Laird Hamilton. Stacy Peralta did an amazing job taking on the role of director and should be congratulated for doing such a brilliant job. The structure of the film is edited brilliantly and works perfectly with the narration, interviews, animation and surfing footage. The music soundtrack just adds to the overall satisfaction of watching this film, making Riding Giants brilliant viewing. Personal highlights include any of Greg Noll's comments, what with his straight-to-the-point frankness, Laird Hamilton's footage at Teahupoo, and the out-takes at the end of the movie. But really this entire film is one big, recommended highlight that comes highly recommended if you have the opportunity to see. It's a shame it isn't more well known, but it is a gem deserving of attention. 10/10
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Spraying is a widely used method to produce a liquid sheet that break up into
droplets of a certain size distribution. When spraying simple liquids, it is
known which experimental parameters determine the droplet size distribution.
For many applications however, surfactants are added, producing a hitherto
unknown effect on the droplet size distribution. Using two generic types of
spraying nozzles, we sprayed solutions of different types of aqueous
surfactants and measured the droplet size distribution of the sprays. We find
that the breakup of surfactant solutions is similar to that of pure water but
results in droplets that are on average smaller. The resulting droplet size
distribution can be well described using the predictions for simple liquids
provided that we replace the parameter of the equilibrium surface tension with
the dynamic surface tension of the surfactant solution at a surface age of 20
ms, which is the characteristic time for destabilization and breakup of a
liquid sheet. By rescaling them with the mean droplet size, the droplet size
distributions of water and sprays with different concentrations of surfactants
all collapse onto a single curve and can be well described using the compound
Gamma function found previously for pure liquids.
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Electronic medical record (EMR) is a crucial form of healthcare data,
currently drawing a lot of attention. Sharing health data is considered to be a
critical approach to improve the quality of healthcare service and reduce
medical costs. However, EMRs are fragmented across decentralized hospitals,
which hinders data sharing and puts patients' privacy at risks. To address
these issues, we propose a blockchain based privacy-preserving data sharing for
EMRs, called BPDS. In BPDS, the original EMRs are stored securely in the cloud
and the indexes are reserved in a tamper-proof consortium blockchain. By this
means, the risk of the medical data leakage could be greatly reduced, and at
the same time, the indexes in blockchain ensure that the EMRs can not be
modified arbitrarily. Secure data sharing can be accomplished automatically
according to the predefined access permissions of patients through the smart
contracts of blockchain. Besides, the joint-design of the CP-ABE-based access
control mechanism and the content extraction signature scheme provides strong
privacy preservation in data sharing. Security analysis shows that BPDS is a
secure and effective way to realize data sharing for EMRs.
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When this cartoon first aired I was under the impression that it would be at least half way descent, boy was I wrong. I must admit watching this cartoon is almost as painful as watching Batman and Robin with George Clooney all those years ago. I watched a few episodes and two of them had Batman literally get his ass kicked left and right by the Penguin who fought like Jet Li and beat the crap out of Batman and I watched another episode where Batman got his butt kicked again by the Joker, who apparently was using Jackie Chan moves while flipping in the air like a ninja. Since when were the Joker or the Penguin ever a match for Batman ? and worse yet when were Joker and Penguin Kung Fu counterparts of Jackie Chan and Jet Li. It's truly embarrassing, depressing and sad the way the image of Batman is portrayed in this show. The animation is awful and the dialog is terrible. Being a Batman fan since my boyhood I can honestly and strongly advise you to stay away and avoid this show at all cost, because it doesn't project the true image of Batman. This cartoon is more like a wannabe Kung Fu Flick and if you really wanna see a classic Batman cartoon I strongly recommend Batman the Animated Series, but this cartoon is nothing more than a piece of S---T! Get Batman: The Animates Series and don't waste your time with this cartoon.
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Sometimes we need to be reminded that by strict legal definition, probably about 12% of the male population and 5% of the female population have done or otherwise committed some illegal sexual act or situation with at least 1 under aged person. Prosecution to the full extent of the law of this mass of population is simply not going to happen, and should not happen. So we pick our priorities on this carefully.
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Bilevel optimization has been recently revisited for designing and analyzing
algorithms in hyperparameter tuning and meta learning tasks. However, due to
its nested structure, evaluating exact gradients for high-dimensional problems
is computationally challenging. One heuristic to circumvent this difficulty is
to use the approximate gradient given by performing truncated back-propagation
through the iterative optimization procedure that solves the lower-level
problem. Although promising empirical performance has been reported, its
theoretical properties are still unclear. In this paper, we analyze the
properties of this family of approximate gradients and establish sufficient
conditions for convergence. We validate this on several hyperparameter tuning
and meta learning tasks. We find that optimization with the approximate
gradient computed using few-step back-propagation often performs comparably to
optimization with the exact gradient, while requiring far less memory and half
the computation time.
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The V-Ti alloys are promising materials as alternate to the commercial
Nb-based superconductors for high current-high magnetic field applications.
However, the critical current density (J_c) of these alloys are somewhat low
due to their low grain-boundary density. We show here that grain refinement of
the V-Ti alloys and enhancement of the J_c can be achieved by the addition of
Gd into the system, which precipitates as clusters along the grain boundaries.
Both the J_c and the pinning force density (F_P) increase with the increasing
Gd content up to 1 at. % Gd, where they are more than 20 times higher than
those of the parent V_0.60Ti_0.40 alloy. Introduction of Gd into the system
also leads to ferromagnetic (FM) correlations, and the alloys containing more
than 0.5 at. % Gd exhibit spontaneous magnetization. In spite of the FM
correlations, the superconducting transition temperature increases slightly
with Gd-addition.
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I threw it in the trash
I had heard that ACV can help in reducing blood sugar so I thought I would give it a shot. For two days I would take it in the morning and drink a whole 15 oz water bottle to make sure it was diluted. At the end of the first day I started experiencing nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. The same symptoms persisted the next day upon taking the ACV. Additionally, my acid reflux began acting up on the second day. I felt so sick to my stomach that I could not eat and almost went home early from work. I spent money to make myself sick.
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The discovery of the youngest Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) G1.9+0.3 has
allowed a look at a stage of SNR evolution never before observed. We analyze
the 50 ks Chandra observation with particular regard to spectral variations.
The very high column density ($N_H \sim 6 \times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$) implies
that dust scattering is important, and we use a simple scattering model in our
spectral analysis. The integrated X-ray spectrum of G1.9+0.3 is well described
by synchrotron emission from a power-law electron distribution with an
exponential cutoff. Using our measured radio flux and including scattering
effects, we find a rolloff frequency of $5.4 (3.0, 10.2) \times 10^{17}$ Hz ($h
\nu_{\rm roll} = 2.2$ keV). Including scattering in a two-region model gives
lower values of \nu_roll by over a factor of 2. Dividing G1.9+0.3 into six
regions, we find a systematic pattern in which spectra are hardest (highest
\nu_roll) in the bright SE and NW limbs of the shell. They steepen as one moves
around the shell or into the interior. The extensions beyond the bright parts
of the shell have the hardest spectra of all. We interpret the results in terms
of dependence of shock acceleration properties on the obliquity angle
$\theta_{\rm Bn}$ between the shock velocity and a fairly uniform upstream
magnetic field. This interpretation probably requires a Type Ia event. If
electron acceleration is limited by synchrotron losses, the spectral variations
require obliquity-dependence of the acceleration rate independent of the
magnetic-field strength.
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We consider a thin accretion disc warped due to the Bardeen-Petterson effect,
presenting both analytical and numerical solutions for the situation that the
two viscosity coefficients vary with radius as power law, with the two power
law indices not necessarily equal. The analytical solutions are compared with
numerical ones, showing that our new analytical solution is more accurate than
previous one, which overestimates the inclination changing in the outer disc.
Our new analytical solution is appropriate for moderately warped discs, while
for extremely misaligned disc, only numerical solution is appropriate.
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In this talk I present a simple and unified approach to both exact and
quasi-exact solvabilities of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation. It is
based on the prepotential together with Bethe ansatz equations. This approach
gives the potential as well as the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues
simultaneously. In this approach the system is completely defined by the choice
of the change of variables, and the so-called zero-th order prepotential. We
illustrate the approach by several examples of Hermitian and non-Hermitian
Hamiltonians with real energies. The method can be easily extended to the
constructions of exactly and quasi-exactly solvable Dirac, Pauli, and
Fokker-Planck equations, and to quasinormal modes.
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We study central limit theorems for the projected sample mean of independent
and identically distributed observations on subsets $\mathcal Q \subset \mathbb
R^2$ of the Euclidean plane.
It is well-known that two conditions suffice to obtain a parametric rate of
convergence for the projected sample mean: $\mathcal Q$ is a $\mathcal
C^2$-manifold, and the expectation of the underlying distribution calculated in
$\mathbb R^2$ is bounded away from the medial axis, the set of point that do
not have a unique projection to $\mathcal Q$.
We show that breaking one of these conditions can lead to any other rate: For
a virtually arbitrary prescribed rate, we construct $\mathcal Q$ such that all
distributions with expectation at a preassigned point attain this rate.
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We investigate a matter dominated navigation cosmological model. The
influence of a possible drift (wind) in the navigation cosmological model makes
the spacetime geometry change from Riemannian to Finslerian. The evolution of
the Finslerian Universe is governed by the same gravitational field equation
with the familiar Friedmann-Robertson-Walker one. However, the change of space
geometry from Riemannian to Finslerian supplies us a new relation between the
luminosity distant and redshift. It is shown that the Hubble diagram based on
this new relation could account for the observations on distant Type Ia
supernovae.
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We present a spectroscopic library of late spectral type stellar templates in
the near-IR range 2.15-2.42microns, at R=5300-5900 resolution, oriented to
support stellar kinematics studies in external galaxies, such as the direct
determination of the masses of supermassive black-holes in nearby active (or
non-active) galaxies. The combination of high spectral resolution and
state-of-the-art instrumentation available in 8-m class telescopes has made the
analysis of circumnuclear stellar kinematics using the near-IR CO band heads
one of the most used techniques for such studies, and this library aims to
provide the supporting datasets required by the higher spectral resolution and
larger spectral coverage currently achieved with modern near-IR spectrographs.
Examples of the application for kinematical analysis are given for data
obtained with two Gemini instruments, but the templates can be easily adjusted
for use with other near-IR spectrographs at similar or lower resolution. The
example datasets are also used to revisit the "template mismatch" effect and
the dependence of the velocity dispersion values obtained from the fitting
process with the characteristics of the stellar templates. The library is
available in electronic form from the Gemini web pages (link above).
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The hypothesis on a minimal scale existence in the Universe leads to
noncommutative geometry of Spacetime and thence to a modification of the
Special Relativity constraint. Sidharth has deduced that this is equivalent to
the Lorentz symmetry violation. This latter consideration was also used by
Glashow, Coleman and other scholars though based on purely phenomenological
models that have been suggested by the observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic
Rays and Gamma Bursts. On the other hand a parallel development has been the
proposal of a small but nonzero photon mass $m_\gamma>0$ by some authors
including Sidharth, such a mass being within experimentally allowable limits.
This too leads to a small violation of the Lorentz symmetry observable in
principle in very high energy gamma rays, as in fact is claimed. In this paper
we study the Snyder--Sidharth Hamiltonian and briefly comment the
Dirac--Sidharth Hamiltonian, that is a possible explanation for observable
violation of the Lorentz symmetry.
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We define the interpolative fusion $T^*_\cup$ of a family $(T_i)_{i \in I}$
of first-order theories over a common reduct $T_\cap$, a notion that
generalizes many examples of random or generic structures in the
model-theoretic literature. When each $T_i$ is model-complete, $T^*_\cup$
coincides with the model companion of $T_\cup = \bigcup_{i \in I} T_i$. By
obtaining sufficient conditions for the existence of $T^*_\cup$, we develop new
tools to show that theories of interest have model companions.
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An analytical theory is developed for parametric interactions in metamaterial
multilayer structures with simultaneous nonlinear electronic and magnetic
responses and with near-zero refractive-index. We demonstrate theoretically
that electromagnetic fields of certain frequencies can be parametrically
shielded by a nonlinear left-handed material slab, where the permittivity and
permeability are both negative. The skin depth is tunable, and even in the
absence of material absorption, can be much less than the wavelength of the
electromagnetic field being shielded. This exotic behavior is a consequence of
the intricate nonlinear response in the left-handed materials and vanishing
optical refractive-index at the pump frequency.
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Measurements of transport properties of amorphous insulating indium oxide
thin films have been interpreted as evidence of the presence of superconducting
islands on the insulating side of a disorder-tuned superconductor-insulator
transition. Although the films are not granular, the behavior is similar to
that observed in granular films. The results support theoretical models in
which the destruction of superconductivity by disorder produces spatially
inhomogenous pairing with a spectral gap.
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Iterated dynamical maps offer an ideal setting to investigate quantum
dynamical bifurcations and are well adapted to few-qubit quantum computer
realisations. We show that a single trapped ion, subject to periodic impulsive
forces, exhibits a rich structure of dynamical bifurcations derived from the
Jahn-Teller Hamiltonian flow model. We show that the entanglement between the
oscillator and electronic degrees of freedom reflects the underlying dynamical
bifurcation in a Floquet eigenstate.
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When will the hurting stop? I never want to see another version of a Christmas Carol again. They keep on making movies with the same story, falling over each other in trying to make the movie better then the rest, but sadly fail to do so, as this is not a good story. Moralistic, old-fashioned, conservative happy-thinking. As if people learn. The numerous different versions of this film prove that we don´t.
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In this series of lectures it is illustrated how one can study the strong
dynamics of nuclei by means of the electroweak probe. In particular, the most
important steps to derive the cross sections in first order perturbation theory
are reviewed. In the derivation the focus is put on the main ingredients
entering the hadronic part (response functions), i.e. the initial and final
states of the system and the operators relevant for the reaction. Emphasis is
put on the electromagnetic interaction with few-nucleon systems. The Lorentz
integral transform method to calculate the response functions ab initio is
described. A few examples of the comparison between theoretical and
experimental results are shown. The dependence of the response functions on the
nuclear interaction and in particular on three-body forces is emphasized.
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We report the results of magnetization, non-linear dc susceptibility,
electrical transport, and heat capacity measurements on Y-substituted heavy
fermion CeNiGe2. Investigations are carried out on the compounds CeNiGe2,
Ce0.9Y0.1NiGe2, Ce0.8Y0.2NiGe2 and Ce0.6Y0.4NiGe2. It is observed that with the
increase in Y-concentration, the magnetic ordering temperature decreases. For
CeNiGe2, below ordering temperature Arrott plots suggest the presence of spin
density wave (SDW). Third and fifth order dc susceptibility indicates magnetic
instability which possibly leads to partial gap opening resulting in the
observation of SDW. These observations are further investigated through
resistivity and heat capacity measurements which also point toward partial gap
opening in CeNiGe2. Interestingly, with the increase in Y-substitution, it is
noted that the gap opening is suppressed and also shifted towards lower
temperature. Moreover, our investigations reveal absence of non-Fermi liquid
behavior or zero field quantum critical point even after 40% dilution of
Ce-site.
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Weak brew
Will be returning this one. I couldn't make strong enough coffee, even after filling the basket to the top, compacting the grounds, and using a fine espresso grind. I wasn't looking for coffee you can stand a fork up in, just something that didn't taste watery. Tried for 3 days, using more and more grounds and it didn't seem to make much difference. I really wanted to like this machine. It looks very nice, everything about the coffee maker is well made and of high quality material. It brews at the perfect temperature, unfortunately since the heating element shuts off after 20 minutes you would have to pour it into a secondary vacuum carafe to keep it hot for any length of time.
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We present a general paradigm for dynamic 3D reconstruction from multiple
independent and uncontrolled image sources having arbitrary temporal sampling
density and distribution. Our graph-theoretic formulation models the
Spatio-temporal relationships among our observations in terms of the joint
estimation of their 3D geometry and its discrete Laplace operator. Towards this
end, we define a tri-convex optimization framework that leverages the geometric
properties and dependencies found among a Euclideanshape-space and the discrete
Laplace operator describing its local and global topology. We present a
reconstructability analysis, experiments on motion capture data and multi-view
image datasets, as well as explore applications to geometry-based event
segmentation and data association.
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Automatic Word problem solving has always posed a great challenge for the NLP
community. Usually a word problem is a narrative comprising of a few sentences
and a question is asked about a quantity referred in the sentences. Solving
word problem involves reasoning across sentences, identification of operations,
their order, relevant quantities and discarding irrelevant quantities. In this
paper, we present a novel approach for automatic arithmetic word problem
solving. Our approach starts with frame identification. Each frame can either
be classified as a state or an action frame. The frame identification is
dependent on the verb in a sentence. Every frame is unique and is identified by
its slots. The slots are filled using dependency parsed output of a sentence.
The slots are entity holder, entity, quantity of the entity, recipient,
additional information like place, time. The slots and frames helps to identify
the type of question asked and the entity referred. Action frames act on state
frame(s) which causes a change in quantities of the state frames. The frames
are then used to build a graph where any change in quantities can be propagated
to the neighboring nodes. Most of the current solvers can only answer questions
related to the quantity, while our system can answer different kinds of
questions like `who', `what' other than the quantity related questions `how
many'.
There are three major contributions of this paper. 1. Frame Annotated Corpus
(with a frame annotation tool) 2. Frame Identification Module 3. A new easily
understandable Framework for word problem solving
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In [AG2] we explored the question what symmetric pairs are Gelfand pairs. We
introduced the notion of regular symmetric pair and conjectured that all
symmetric pairs are regular. This conjecture would imply that many symmetric
pairs are Gelfand pairs, and in particular that any connected symmetric pair
over C is a Gelfand pair.
In this paper we show that the pairs $$(GL(V),O(V)), (GL(V),U(V)),
(U(V),O(V)), (O(V \oplus W),O(V) \times O(W)), (U(V \oplus W),U(V) \times
U(W))$$ are regular where V and W are quadratic or hermitian spaces over
arbitrary local field of characteristic zero. We deduce from that that the
pairs $(GL_n(\C),O_n(\C))$ and $(O_{n+m}(\C),O_n(\C) \times O_m(\C))$ are
Gelfand pairs.
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Cherenkov telescopes are also sensitive to the atmospheric fluorescence
produced by the extensive air showers. However this contribution is neglected
by the reconstruction algorithms of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes IACTs and
wide-angle Cherenkov detectors WACDs. In this paper we evaluate the
fluorescence contamination in the Cherenkov signals from MC simulations in both
kinds of Cherenkov telescopes and for some typical observational situations.
Results for an observation level of 2200 m a.s.l. are shown. In addition, the
feasibility and capabilities of IACTs working as fluorescence telescopes are
discussed with the assistance of some geometrical calculations.
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Aspect category detection is an essential task for sentiment analysis and
opinion mining. However, the cost of categorical data labeling, e.g., label the
review aspect information for a large number of product domains, can be
inevitable but unaffordable. In this study, we propose a novel problem,
cross-domain aspect category transfer and detection, which faces three
challenges: various feature spaces, different data distributions, and diverse
output spaces. To address these problems, we propose an innovative solution,
Traceable Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning (THGRL). Unlike prior
text-based aspect detection works, THGRL explores latent domain aspect category
connections via massive user behavior information on a heterogeneous graph.
Moreover, an innovative latent variable "Walker Tracer" is introduced to
characterize the global semantic/aspect dependencies and capture the
informative vertexes on the random walk paths. By using THGRL, we project
different domains' feature spaces into a common one, while allowing data
distributions and output spaces stay differently. Experiment results show that
the proposed method outperforms a series of state-of-the-art baseline models.
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We define a notion of total acyclicity for complexes of flat quasi-coherent
sheaves over a semi-separated noetherian scheme, generalising complete flat
resolutions over a ring. By studying these complexes as objects of the pure
derived category of flat sheaves we extend several results about totally
acyclic complexes of projective modules to schemes; for example, we prove that
a scheme is Gorenstein if and only if every acyclic complex of flat sheaves is
totally acyclic. Our formalism also removes the need for a dualising complex in
several known results for rings, including Jorgensen's proof of the existence
of Gorenstein projective precovers.
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This chapter introduces the concepts of polarimetry in the case of low
frequency radio astronomy. In this regime radio waves are usually not the
signature of atomic or molecular transitions lines, but rather that of unstable
particle distribution functions releasing their free energy through
electromagnetic radiation. As the radio source region is usually magnetized,
the propagation medium (at least close to the source) is anisotropic, and the
polarization depends on the local magnetic field direction, the propagation
mode and the direction of propagation.
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Disk accretion may be the fundamental astrophysical process. Stars and
planets form through the accretion of gas in a disk. Black holes and galaxies
co-evolve through efficient disk accretion onto the central supermassive black
hole. Indeed, approximately 20 percent of the ionizing radiation in the
universe is supplied by disk accretion onto black holes. And large-scale
structures - galaxy clusters - are dramatically affected by the relativistic
jets that result from accretion onto black holes. Yet, we are still searching
for observational answers to some very basic questions that underlie all
aspects of the feedback between black holes and their host galaxies: How do
disks transfer angular momentum to deliver gas onto compact objects? How do
accretion disks launch winds and jets?
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We present XMM-Newton observations of the O supergiant Zeta Orionis (O9.7
Ib). The spectra are rich in emission lines over a wide range of ionization
stages. The RGS-spectra show for the first time lines of low ion stages such as
C VI, N VI, N VII, and O VII. The line profiles are symmetric and rather broad
(FWHM approximately 1500 km/s) and show only a slight blue shift. With the
XMM-epic spectrometer several high ions are detected in this star for the first
time including Ar XVII and S XV. Simultaneous multi-temperature fits and
DEM-modeling were applied to the RGS and EPIC spectra to obtain emission
measures, elemental abundances and plasma temperatures. The calculations show
temperatures in the range of about 0.07-0.6 keV. According to the derived
models the intrinsic source X-ray luminosity at a distance of 251 pc
Lx=1.37(.03) times 10^{32} ergs/s, in the energy range 0.3-10 keV. In the best
multi-temperature model fit, the abundances of C, N, O, and Fe are near their
solar values, while the abundances of Ne, Mg, and Si appear somewhat enhanced.
The sensitivity of the He-like forbidden and intercombination lines to Zeta
Ori's strong radiation field is used to derive the radial distances at which
lines are formed. Values of 34 R-star for N VI, 12.5 R-star for O VII, 4.8
R-star for Ne IX, and 3.9 R-star for Mg XI are obtained.
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My question is why isn't Canada trying this individual for treason? Under s46 of the Criminal Code, a person commits "high treason" who a) kills, attempts to kill, wounds, imprisons, or restrains the sovereign, b) wages war against Canada or does any act preparatory thereto, or c) assists an enemy at war with Canada or any armed force against whom Canadian forces are engaged in. Instead we're paying him over 10.5 million dollars! There are many minors who commit capital offenses (ie. murder) that are deemed eligible to be tried in adult courts, Mr. Khadr in my opinion qualifies. The Canadian courts should allow Tabitha Speer, the widow of Sergeant Christopher Speer. Sgt. Speer to receive this money. Mr. Khadr should now be put on trial in Canada for treason.
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The 212 species of structural phase transitions which break macroscopic
symmetry are analyzed with respect to the occurrence of time-reversal invariant
vector and bidirector order parameters. The possibility of discerning the
orientational domain states of the low-symmetry phase by these `vectorlike'
physical properties has been derived using a computer algorithm exploiting the
concept of polar, axial, chiral and neutral dipoles. It is argued that for
species 32 > 3, 422 > 4 and 622 > 6, Bogdanov-Yablonskii phenomenological
theory for a ferromagnetic Bloch Skyrmions applies also to the ferroelectric
Bloch Skyrmions. In these fully-ferroelectric and nonferroelastic species, the
Ginzburg Landau functional allows a pseudo-Lifshitz invariant of chiral
bidirector symmetry, analogous to the chiral Dzyaloshinskii-Moria term assumed
in magnetic Bloch Skyrmion theory.
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i like this product however if using it on the fly ...
i just used this for the first time for 36 holes up in stratton vermont. i like this product however if using it on the fly (which is what i did) i believe you will have difficulty editing your shot history and thus your score.
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Since Chen's Entity-Relationship (ER) model, conceptual modeling has been
playing a fundamental role in relational data design. In this paper we consider
an extended ER (EER) model enriched with cardinality constraints, disjointness
assertions, and is-a relations among both entities and relationships. In this
setting, we consider the case of incomplete data, which is likely to occur, for
instance, when data from different sources are integrated. In such a context,
we address the problem of providing correct answers to conjunctive queries by
reasoning on the schema. Based on previous results about decidability of the
problem, we provide a query answering algorithm that performs rewriting of the
initial query into a recursive Datalog query encoding the information about the
schema. We finally show extensions to more general settings. This paper will
appear in the special issue of Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)
titled Logic Programming in Databases: From Datalog to Semantic-Web Rules.
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(ABRIDGED) We use hydrodynamical simulations of disk galaxies to study
relations between star formation and properties of the molecular interstellar
medium (ISM). We implement a model for the ISM that includes low-temperature
(T<10^4K) cooling, directly ties the star formation rate to the molecular gas
density, and accounts for the destruction of H2 by an interstellar radiation
field from young stars. We demonstrate that the ISM and star formation model
simultaneously produces a spatially-resolved molecular-gas surface density
Schmidt-Kennicutt relation of the form Sigma_SFR \propto Sigma_Hmol^n_mol with
n_mol~1.4 independent of galaxy mass, and a total gas surface density -- star
formation rate relation Sigma_SFR \propto Sigma_gas^n_tot with a power-law
index that steepens from n_tot~2 for large galaxies to n_tot>~4 for small dwarf
galaxies. We show that deviations from the disk-averaged Sigma_SFR \propto
Sigma_gas^1.4 correlation determined by Kennicutt (1998) owe primarily to
spatial trends in the molecular fraction f_H2 and may explain observed
deviations from the global Schmidt-Kennicutt relation.
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The relationship between the operator norms of fractional integral operators
acting on weighted Lebesgue spaces and the constant of the weights is
investigated. Sharp boundsare obtained for both the fractional integral
operators and the associated fractional maximal functions. As an application
improved Sobolev inequalities are obtained. Some of the techniques used include
a sharp off-diagonal version of the extrapolation theorem of Rubio de Francia
and characterizations of two-weight norm inequalities.
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Thanks for this link; it was a good read! ...
Not a surprise, but this line caught my eye: "Respondents were asked how they thought the U.S. should react, and also whether they could identify Ukraine on a map. The farther off base they were about the geography, the more likely they were to favor military intervention." ...
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In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding tight linear lower
bounding functions for multivariate polynomials over boxes. These functions are
obtained by the expansion of polynomials into Bernstein form and using the
linear least squares function. Convergence properties of the given polynomials
to their lower bounds are shown with respect to raising the degree, width of
the box and subdivision. Subsequently, we provide a new method for constructing
an affine lower bounding function for a multivariate rational function based on
the Bernstein control points, the convex hull of a non-positive polynomial $s$
and degree elevation. Numerical comparisons with the well known Bernstein
constant lower bounding function are finally given.
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For many applications, a method for controlling the optical properties of a
solid-state film over a broad wavelength range is highly desirable and could
have significant commercial impact. One such application is smart glazing
technology where it is necessary to harvest near-infrared solar radiation in
the winter and reflect it in the summer--an impossibility for materials with
fixed thermal and optical properties. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a
smart window which uses a thin-film coating containing GeTe, a bi-stable,
chalcogenide-based phase-change material which can modulate near-infrared
absorption while maintaining neutral-colouration and constant transmission of
light at visible wavelengths. We additionally demonstrate controlled
down-conversion of absorbed near-infrared energy to far-infrared radiation
which can be used to heat a building's interior and show that these thin-films
also serve as low-emissivity coatings, reducing heat transfer between a
building and its external environment throughout the year. Finally, we
demonstrate fast, sub-millisecond switching using transparent electrical
heaters integrated on glass substrates. These combined properties result in a
smart window that is efficient, affordable, and aesthetically pleasing--three
aspects which are crucial for successful adoption of green technology.
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Soft robots offer an alternative approach to manipulate inside the
constrained space while maintaining the safe interaction with the external
environment. Due to its adaptable compliance characteristic, external contact
force can easily deform the robot shapes and lead to undesired robot kinematic
and dynamic properties. Accurate contact detection and contact position
estimation are of critical importance for soft robot modeling, control,
trajectory planning, and eventually affect the success of task completion. In
this paper, we focus on the study of 1-DoF soft pneumatic bellow bending
actuator, which is one of the fundamental components to construct complex,
multi-DoF soft robots. This 1-DoF soft robot is modeled through the integral
representation of the spacial curve. The direct and instantaneous kinematics
are calculated explicitly through a modal method. The fixed centrode deviation
(FCD) method is used to to detect the external contact and estimate contact
location. Simulation results indicate that the contact location can be
accurately estimated by solving a nonlinear least square optimization problem.
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The dipion transitions $\Upsilon(2S,3S,4S) \to \Upsilon(1S,2S)\pi\pi$ are
systematically studied by considering the mechanisms of the hadronization of
soft gluons, exchanging the bottomoniumlike $Z_b$ states, and the bottom-meson
loops. The strong pion-pion final-state interaction, especially including the
channel coupling to $K\bar{K}$ in the $S$-wave, is taken into account in a
model-independent way using the dispersion theory. Through fitting to the
available experimental data, we extract values of the transition
chromopolarizabilities $|\alpha_{\Upsilon(mS)\Upsilon(nS)}|$, which measure the
chromoelectric couplings of the bottomonia with soft gluons. It is found that
the $Z_b$ exchange has a slight impact on the extracted chromopolarizablity
values, and the obtained $|\alpha_{\Upsilon(2S)\Upsilon(1S)}|$ considering the
$Z_b$ exchange is $(0.29\pm 0.20)~\text{GeV}^{-3}$. Our results could be useful
in studying the interactions of bottomonium with light hadrons.
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A quasar search in the region of the active galaxy NGC 1097 yielded 31
quasars in 1984. After completion of the 2dF survey in 2004 the number of
catalogued quasars just within 1 degree of the galaxy increased to 142. About
38 $\pm$ 10 of these are in excess of average background values.
The evidence in 1984 is confirmed here by an increasing density of quasars as
one approaches NGC 1097. Quasars within 1 degree differ from the background by
being significantly brighter. There also appear two elliptical rings or arcs of
quasars at r $\sim$ 20'and 40'.
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In this thesis we develop a functional analytic framework for shape
optimization with elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) constraints in
classical function spaces (H\"older spaces). This approach is motivated by
shape optimization problems, which are subjected to linear elasticity
constraints and involve a special class of shape functionals which calculate
the failure rate of a mechanically loaded device w.r.t. the component shape.
These objectives are ill-defined for $H^1$-solutions of the state equation and
the shape derivatives are not defined for $H^1$-material derivatives. Thus, the
resulting optimal reliability problems can not be solved by the already
existing methods of shape calculus. We develop a general concept on Banach and
Hilbert spaces which is based on parameter depending variational equations,
classical PDE Solutions, Schauder estimates and compact embeddings and which
allows to transfer differentiability in lower Banach space topologies to higher
ones. We apply this framework to the linear elasticity equation and its
variational formulation, given that the domain is transformed according to the
speed method. We prove the existence of material and local shape derivatives in
H\"older spaces, the existence of shape derivatives and derive adjoint
equations. We also give a classification of the $L^2$-shape gradient w.r.t. its
regularity and its potential to sustain the domain regularity along a descent
flow.
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Another non sequitur emanating from the "Adult Day Care", To equate IQ with ability to lead the United States is a totally erroneous conclusion. Another famous showman PT Barnum (of Barnum and Bailey Circus fame) was also very intelligent. In fact he was intelligent enough to keep his circus with it's clowns out of the White House. Not so with "The Donald"
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We propose here a model for solidification of a liquid contents of an elastic
bottle in a freezer. The main goal is to explain the occurrence of high
stresses inside the bottle. As a by-product, we derive a formula for the
undercooling coefficient in terms of the elasticity constants, latent heat, and
the phase expansion coefficient. We investigate the well-posedness of the
three-dimensional model: we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution
for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem which couples a PDE with
an integrodifferential equation and an ordinary differential inclusion ruling
the evolution of the phase parameter. Finally, we prove some results on the
long time behavior of solutions.
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I was watching an NFL game and started surfing during a break and found this on one of the HBO type channels. I missed the beginning but when I started watching Deadly Voyage the clicker was put down and not even thought of until the credits rolled. You will find yourself rooting against the villans and on the edge of your La-Z-Boy throughout this one. If you get the chance take the time to watch it. Every once in a while I think about having the cable company take off my Movie channels but when you stumble across great ones like this you know why it is worth paying extra for them. Happy Holidays to all from Cape Cod !!!
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Vacuum energy in quantum field theory, being the sum of zero-point energies
of all field modes, is formally infinite but yet, after regularization or
renormalization, can give rise to finite observable effects. One way of
understanding how these effects arise is to compute the vacuum energy in an
idealized system such as a large cavity divided into disjoint regions by
pistons. In this paper, this type of calculation is carried out for situations
where the potential affecting a field is not the same in all regions of the
cavity. It is shown that the observable parts of the vacuum energy in such
potentials do not fall off to zero as the region where the potential is
nontrivial becomes large. This unusual behavior might be interesting for tests
involving quantum vacuum effects and for studies on the relation between vacuum
energy in quantum field theory and geometry.
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The thermal radiation from an isolated finite-length carbon nanotube (CNT) is
theoretically investigated both in near- and far-field zones. The formation of
the discrete spectrum in metallic CNTs in the terahertz range is demonstrated
due to the reflection of strongly slowed-down surface-plasmon modes from CNT
ends. The effect does not appear in semiconductor CNTs. The concept of CNT as a
thermal nanoantenna is proposed.
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Formal specification languages have long languished, due to the grave
scalability problems faced by complete verification methods. Runtime
verification promises to use formal specifications to automate part of the more
scalable art of testing, but has not been widely applied to real systems, and
often falters due to the cost and complexity of instrumentation for online
monitoring. In this paper we discuss work in progress to apply an event-based
specification system to the logging mechanism of the Mars Science Laboratory
mission at JPL. By focusing on log analysis, we exploit the "instrumentation"
already implemented and required for communicating with the spacecraft. We
argue that this work both shows a practical method for using formal
specifications in testing and opens interesting research avenues, including a
challenging specification learning problem.
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Great Quality, just not my preferred switch
This kit is pretty good quality. I didnt like that the switch did not have connection for Dash Illumination. This meant that because I wanted power to the Aux Lights while the car was off that my switch would be illuminated 100% of the time. Other than that issue, the quality is pretty good. Im happy with it, just bought a different switch that fit perfect in stock dash.
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An operational concept of locality whose quantum violation is indicated
independently of any other assumption(s) seems to be lacking in the quantum
foundations literature so far. Bell's theorem only shows that quantum
correlations violate the conjunction of the ontological assumptions of localism
and determinism. Taking a cue from computational complexity theory, here we
define such a concept of locality in terms of a class of operational decision
problems, and propose that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering in its basic
asymmetric formulation gives a specific realization of this class. Various
nonclassical (convex) operational theories, including quantum mechanics, are
shown to be nonlocal according to this operational criterion. We discuss
several ramifications arising from this result. It indicates a basic difference
between quantum no-signaling and relativistic no-signaling, and suggests an
information theoretic derivation of the former from other basic principles in
the convex framework. It elucidates the connection between two different bounds
on nonlocality, due to Oppenheim and Wehner (2010) and Banik et al. (2015),
thereby highlighting the interplay and contrast between uncertainty and
measurement incompatibility. Our result provides an argument supporting the
realist interpretation of the quantum state, and helps clarify why Spekkens'
toy model (2007) features steering but not Bell nonlocality.
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Recent theoretical developments in the studies of two-photon exchange effects
in elastic electron-proton scattering are reviewed. Two-photon exchange
mechanism is considered a likely source of discrepancy between polarized and
unpolarized experimental measurements of the proton electric form factor at
momentum transfers of several GeV$^2$. This mechanism predicts measurable
effects that are currently studied experimentally.
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The Dune miniseries opens with a "flashforward" montage of action sequences. The realisation quickly dawns that these are the *best* scenes out of the 265 minute running time, and they're not good. Not good at all. Oh dear. <br /><br />But let us not judge a book by its cover (even though that's exactly what we're being invited to do). Let's give Dune a chance to redeem itself.<br /><br />Well, here's the expected watery opening on Caladan. But who's this petulant, strangely ugly man? Paul Atreides? *This* is Paul Atreides? This generic plastic puppet? And why does he look so old? What's that? The actor's only 25? Well, he doesn't *look* it, and that's way too old anyway.<br /><br />But at least he has charisma, right? Wrong. Alec Newman is a stumbling, mumbling buffoon. I'm picturing him being discovered sitting in the dark in a remedial acting class because nobody liked him enough to tell him the class was over, and he's just too dumb to realise it. When your Paul Atreides has all the screen prescence of soggy toast, and an acting range from "petulant" to "blank" your production of Dune is doomed from the start.<br /><br />The other actors take pity on poor Alec though, and give uniformly insipid and incomprehensible performances so that he doesn't look too bad by comparison. At least, I *assume* that is what they are doing. Because I'm charitable, you see.<br /><br />To be fair, they are clearly being given no direction at all. Random gestures, blank or inconsistent deliveries, missing their marks, it's all here. This is like a master class in how not to do it.<br /><br />And sure, there are more elements of the book in this miniseries than there are in the 1984 movie, but there aren't twice as many, because of all the. Pauses. To fill. Time.<br /><br />But we can forgive all this because of the small budget of $20 million, or only $5 million per hour. Nobody could be expected make quality science fiction on that sort of budget.<br /><br />Except perhaps "Stargate SG-1" which makes do with $1.4 million per 50 minute episode, or "Farscape" at $2 million. And frankly I'd rather watch four episodes of either of those while being punched in the kidneys, than have to sit though the travesty that is Dune the miniseries again.
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We reconsider the construction of general derivative self-interactions for a
massive Proca field. The constructed Lagrangian is such that the vector field
propagates at most three degrees of freedom, thus avoiding the ghostly nature
of a fourth polarisation. The construction makes use of the well-known
condition for constrained systems of having a degenerate Hessian. We briefly
discuss the casuistry according to the nature of the existing constraints
algebra. We also explore various classes of interesting new interactions that
have been recently raised in the literature. For the sixth order Lagrangian
that satisfies the constraints by itself we prove its topological character,
making such a term irrelevant. There is however a window of opportunity for
exploring other classes of fully-nonlinear interactions that satisfy the
constraint algebra by mixing terms of various order.
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Using the Gaussian-03 for ab initio calculations, we have studied interaction
of different acid molecules with a single water molecule. The molecular and
supermolecular optimized structures were found with the Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr
(B3LYP-hybrid potential) calculations of density-functional theory (DFT)
methods as well as the Moeller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory, using
the basis set of Aug-cc-pVDZ quality and the CRENBL ECP effective core
potential for molecules containing heavy iodine atom. Possible isomers of
studied acids and supermolecules, consisting of acid molecules coupled with a
single water molecule, are shown. Energies, zero-point energies (ZPEs), thermal
enthalpies and free energies, as well as the corresponding binding energies for
the theoretical methods were calculated. It was found that optimized structures
of supermolecular isomers with lowest energies corresponding to the global
minimum on the potential energy surfaces can be different for both theories.
The simplest structure acids H2S and H2Se, forming acid-water supermolecules,
can give clear evidence of disagreement of the two theoretical methods
concerning optimization of lowest energy structures, because the B3LYP-DFT
method gives the lowest-energy structure for the first supermolecular isomer,
but the MP2 method for the second possible isomer. A dramatic difference
between potential energy surfaces for both theories applying to the optimized
structure finding of the H2SO3-H2O supermolecular isomers was found, because
MP2 supermolecular geometries cannot exist for the corresponding B3LYP-DFT
ones, for which the frequency characteristics of the supermolecular isomers
were also calculated. In general, the binding energies and ZPE ones for the MP2
method are 10-15% larger than those for the B3LYP-DFT method.
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I'm very surprised that so many people don't like this movie. I think it's a lot better than most of the teen films that have come out recently - Ten Things I Hate About You ( can we say teeny bopper film and what was with the principle writing those porno novels ? ), Cruel Intentions ( where a character gives up their virginity because of a fun car ride ), and She's All That ( mediocre ). If your looking for something that's just fun - I say go with Never Been Kissed. My mom loved it and she hates movies ( one of her favorites is BEACHES ). This is a great fantasy about what you would do different if you could go back to high school. People who were outcasts in high school will probably like this movie better. It reminds me of 'Romy and Michele's High School Reunion'. And the ending puts me in the best mood. Sure the plot has been done, but how many recent movies can you honestly say haven't been done in one form or another. The cast is also charming. And for those who think Drew can't be geeky - she pulls it off just great. Another good teen comedy that I recommend which was made recently is ELECTION but it's more of a satire on school and politics.
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NASA's Kepler mission discovered $\sim700$ planets in multi-planet systems
containing 3 or more transiting bodies, many of which are super-Earths and
mini-Neptunes in compact configurations. Using $N$-body simulations, we examine
the in situ, final stage assembly of multi-planet systems via the collisional
accretion of protoplanets. Our initial conditions are constructed using a
subset of the Kepler 5-planet systems as templates. Two different prescriptions
for treating planetary collisions are adopted. The simulations address numerous
questions: do the results depend on the accretion prescription?; do the
resulting systems resemble the Kepler systems, and do they reproduce the
observed distribution of planetary multiplicities when synthetically observed?;
do collisions lead to significant modification of protoplanet compositions, or
to stripping of gaseous envelopes?; do the eccentricity distributions agree
with those inferred for the Kepler planets? We find the accretion prescription
is unimportant in determining the outcomes. The final planetary systems look
broadly similar to the Kepler templates adopted, but the observed distributions
of planetary multiplicities or eccentricities are not reproduced, because
scattering does not excite the systems sufficiently. In addition, we find that
$\sim 1$% of our final systems contain a co-orbital planet pair in horseshoe or
tadpole orbits. Post-processing the collision outcomes suggests they would not
significantly change the ice fractions of initially ice-rich protoplanets, but
significant stripping of gaseous envelopes appears likely. Hence, it may be
difficult to reconcile the observation that many low mass Kepler planets have
H/He envelopes with an in situ formation scenario that involves giant impacts
after dispersal of the gas disc.
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The goal of this paper is to classify parametrically parabolic submanifolds
in any codimension. First, we describe the ones that are ruled and show that
they are the only parabolic submanifolds that admit an isometric immersion as a
hypersurface. Then, we classify the nonruled ones by two different means. In
fact, we provide the polar and bipolar parametrizations, each of which is
associated to a parabolic surface and a function on the surface which satisfies
a parabolic differential equation. To conclude, we describe the structure of
the singular set of the nonruled parabolic submanifolds.
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The notion of 2--monoidal category used here was introduced by B.~Vallette in
2007 for applications in the operadic context. The starting point for this
article was a remark by Yu. Manin that in the category of quadratic algebras
(that is, "quantum linear spaces") one can also define 2--monoidal structure(s)
with rather unusual properties. Here we give a detailed exposition of these
constructions, together with their generalisations to the case of quadratic
operads.
Their parallel exposition was motivated by the following remark. Several
important operads/cooperads such as genus zero quantum cohomology operad, the
operad classifying Gerstenhaber algebras, and more generally, (co)operads of
homology/cohomology of some topological operads, start with collections of
quadratic algebras/coalgebras rather than simply linear spaces.
Suggested here enrichments of the categories to which components of these
operads belong, as well of the operadic structures themselves, might lead to
the better understanding of these fundamental objects.
New version includes minor editorial changes and new references.
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The present situation of the teaching-learning relationship in astronomy is
rarely investigated in our country. This is so, even when it is widely
recognized that astronomy is an integral discipline, at the crossroads of
advances in physics, geology, chemistry, etc. In this project we aim at
contributing with the situational diagnosis in topics of astronomy of
preservice elementary teachers, and to try and develop didactic tools that
better collaborate with their formal education. We work with an open written
questionnaire, designed to put in evidence some of the most frequently used
models on a few basic astronomical notions. We here describe the main questions
included in the test, and show our first results and some conclusions after
having addressed the questionnaire to a number of preservice elementary
teachers.
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We consider the energy-critical stochastic cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger
equation on $\mathbb R^4$ with additive noise, and with the non-vanishing
boundary conditions at spatial infinity. By viewing this equation as a
perturbation to the energy-critical cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on
$\mathbb R^4$, we prove global well-posedness in the energy space. Moreover, we
establish unconditional uniqueness of solutions in the energy space.
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Did not work at all.
I bought two of these and NEITHER of them worked. I have a ball python that has a heat mat under his terrarium that works perfectly. I plugged both in programmed it to my desired temperature and left it in for a 24 hour period. The heat in the terrarium never got about 72 degrees F. This is extremely upsetting as I said neither of the two worked and my return window has already closed so I’m stuck with $50 worth of useless heat controllers.
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Why are no feminist thought leaders agitating to educate men in Muslim majority countries not to beat their wives? So let's say this man didn't meet the Canadian values test and had to stay in his home country. His wife was still getting a beating -- no matter where they lived. Time to step up and shine a light on the real war on women.
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We propose an approach for mapping natural language instructions and raw
observations to continuous control of a quadcopter drone. Our model predicts
interpretable position-visitation distributions indicating where the agent
should go during execution and where it should stop, and uses the predicted
distributions to select the actions to execute. This two-step model
decomposition allows for simple and efficient training using a combination of
supervised learning and imitation learning. We evaluate our approach with a
realistic drone simulator, and demonstrate absolute task-completion accuracy
improvements of 16.85% over two state-of-the-art instruction-following methods.
|
Disentangling content and style information of an image has played an
important role in recent success in image translation. In this setting, how to
inject given style into an input image containing its own content is an
important issue, but existing methods followed relatively simple approaches,
leaving room for improvement especially when incorporating significant style
changes. In response, we propose an advanced normalization technique based on
adaptive convolution (AdaCoN), in order to properly impose style information
into the content of an input image. In detail, after locally standardizing the
content representation in a channel-wise manner, AdaCoN performs adaptive
convolution where the convolution filter weights are dynamically estimated
using the encoded style representation. The flexibility of AdaCoN can handle
complicated image translation tasks involving significant style changes. Our
qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the superiority of our
proposed method against various existing approaches that inject the style into
the content.
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We show that for many classes of symmetric two-player games, the simple
decision rule "imitate-the-best" can hardly be beaten by any other decision
rule. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for imitation to be
unbeatable and show that it can only be beaten by much in games that are of the
rock-scissors-paper variety. Thus, in many interesting examples, like 2x2
games, Cournot duopoly, price competition, rent seeking, public goods games,
common pool resource games, minimum effort coordination games, arms race,
search, bargaining, etc., imitation cannot be beaten by much even by a very
clever opponent.
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Quick to use once u get the hang of it.
So much faster and easier than the mascara process Iv been doing until now and so much healthier for my lashes. Once you get the hang of it it's so much fun I can switch them up for night events as well!
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I was reluctant to order something so fragile oversesas, but it arrived way earlier than anticipated before xmas, great shape, I really am a satisfied customer, i just ordered another one for myself, very serene, way cheaper and more options than the tranquil turtle would be awesome if had some ocean sounds,,thank you whoever sped up the shipping process,,,
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But as we move forward, some of our favourite albums start to get older and older until we sit down and say 'wow, was it really that long ago that I first listened to that?!"
Below are a series of albums which turn 10, 15 and 20 in 2020.
(The songs below may contain language some could find offensive)
10 years old...
Eminem - Recovery
Eminem - Love The Way You Lie ft. Rihanna
Advertising
Drake - Thank Me Later
Drake - Find Your Love
Kesha - Animal
Ke$ha - TiK ToK (Official Music Video)
Advertising
Lady Antebellum - Need You Now
Lady Antebellum - Need You Now (Official Music Video)
Two Door Cinema Club - Tourist History
TWO DOOR CINEMA CLUB | UNDERCOVER MARTYN
Alkaline Trio - This Addiction
Alkaline Trio - "This Addiction"
Gorillaz - Plastic Beach
Gorillaz - On Melancholy Hill (Official Video)
Justin Bieber - My World 2.0
Justin Bieber - Baby ft. Ludacris (Official Music Video)
Deftones - Diamond Eyes
Deftones - Diamond Eyes [Official Music Video]
Stone Temple Pilots - Self Titled
Stone Temple Pilots - Between The Lines (Official Music Video)
Ozzy Osbourne - Scream
OZZY OSBOURNE - "Let Me Hear You Scream" (Official Video)
Avenged Sevenfold - Nightmare
Avenged Sevenfold - So Far Away [Official Music Video]
Katy Perry - Teenage Dream
Katy Perry - Teenage Dream (Official)
Bring Me The Horizon - There Is A Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret
Bring Me The Horizon - "It Never Ends"
King of Leon - Come Around Sundown
Kings Of Leon - Radioactive (Official Music Video)
Rihanna - Loud
Rihanna - Only Girl (In The World)
15 years old...
Kanye West - Late Registration
Kanye West - Gold Digger ft. Jamie Foxx
Coldplay - X&Y
Coldplay - Fix You
Gorillaz - Demon Days
Gorillaz - Feel Good Inc. (Official Video)
Bloc Party - Silent Alarm
Bloc Party - Banquet
Franz Ferdinand - You Could Have It So Much Better
Franz Ferdinand - Do You Want To (Official Video)
Madonna - Confessions on a Dance Floor
Madonna - Hung Up (Official Music Video)
Kaiser Chiefs - Employment
Kaiser Chiefs - I Predict A Riot
Queens of the Stone Age - Lullabies To Paralyze
Queens Of The Stone Age - Little Sister (Official Music Video)
Black Eyed Peas - Monkey Business
The Black Eyed Peas - My Humps (Official Music Video)
System Of A Down - Mezmerise
System Of A Down - B.Y.O.B. (Official Video)
Maximo Park - A Certain Trigger
Maximo Park - Apply Some Pressure
Foo Fighters - In Your Honor
Foo Fighters - Best Of You (Official Music Video)
Fall Out Boy - From Under The Cork Tree
Fall Out Boy - Sugar, We're Goin Down (Concept Version) (Official Music Video)
50 Cent - The Massacre
50 Cent - Candy Shop ft. Olivia (Official Video)
Stereophonics - Language. Sex. Violence. Other?
Stereophonics - Dakota (Official Video)
Bloodhound Gang - Hefty Fine
Bloodhound Gang - Foxtrot Uniform Charlie Kilo (Official Video)
Panic! at the Disco - A Fever You Can't Sweat Out
Panic! At The Disco: I Write Sins Not Tragedies [OFFICIAL VIDEO]
20 years old...
Radiohead - Kid A
Radiohead - Idioteque
Eminem - The Marshall Mathers LP
Eminem - The Real Slim Shady (Official Video - Clean Version)
Craig David - Born to Do It
Craig David - 7 Days (Official Video)
Queens of the Stone Age - Rated R
Queens Of The Stone Age - The Lost Art Of Keeping A Secret (Official Music Video)
Limp Bizkit - Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavoured Water
Limp Bizkit - Rollin' (Official Video)
Britney Spears - Oops!...I Did It Again
Britney Spears - Oops!...I Did It Again (Official Video)
Linkin Park - Hybrid Theory
In The End (Official Video) - Linkin Park
Dr Dre - 2001
Eminem, Dr. Dre - Forgot About Dre (Explicit) (Official Music Video) ft. Hittman
Bon Jovi - Crush
Bon Jovi - It's My Life
S Club 7 - 7
S Club 7 - Reach
U2 - All That You Can't Leave Behind
U2 - Beautiful Day
Pantera - Reinventing the Steel
Pantera - Revolution Is My Name (Official Video)
Outkast - Stankonia
OutKast - Ms. Jackson (Official Video)
Robbie Williams - Sing When You're Winning
Robbie Williams - Rock DJ
The Corrs - In Blue
The Corrs - Breathless [Official Video]
Blink 182 - The Mark, Tom and Travis Show: The Enema Strikes Back
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They work well once you get them out of package ...
They work well once you get them out of package. Just hard to grab the buggers a lot of times without ripping pieces off first. Being that they are flushable, I understand, but urgh it gets a little bit aggravating. Would still probably purchase again for the flushable factor.
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In this work we investigate $n$-widths of multiplier operators $\Lambda_*$
and $\Lambda$, defined for functions on the complex sphere $\Omega_d$ of
$\mathbb{C}^d$, associated with sequences of multipliers of the type
$\{\lambda_{m,n}^*\}_{m,n\in \mathbb{N}}$, $\lambda_{m,n}^*=\lambda(m+n)$ and
$\{\lambda_{m,n}\}_{m,n\in \mathbb{N}}$, $\lambda_{m,n}=\lambda(\max\{m,n\})$,
respectively, for a bounded function $\lambda$ defined on $[0,\infty)$. If the
operators $\Lambda_{*}$ and $\Lambda$ are bounded from $L^p(\Omega_d)$ into
$L^q(\Omega_d)$, $1\leq p,q\leq\infty$, and $U_p$ is the closed unit ball of
$L^p(\Omega_d)$, we study lower and upper estimates for the $n$-widths of
Kolmogorov, linear, of Gelfand and of Bernstein, of the sets $\Lambda_{*}U_p$
and $\Lambda U_p$ in $L^q(\Omega_d)$. As application we obtain, in particular,
estimates for the Kolmogorov $n$-width of classes of Sobolev, of finitely
differentiable, infinitely differentiable and analytic functions on the complex
sphere, in $L^q(\Omega_d)$, which are order sharp in various important
situations.
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The middle levels conjecture asserts that there is a Hamiltonian cycle in the
middle two levels of $2k+1$-dimensional hypercube. The conjecture is known to
be true for $k \leq 17$ [I.Shields, B.J.Shields and C.D.Savage, Disc. Math.,
309, 5271--5277 (2009)]. In this note, we verify that the conjecture is also
true for $k=18$ by constructing a Hamiltonian cycle in the middle two levels of
37-dimensional hypercube with the aid of the computer. We achieve this by
introducing a new decomposition technique and an efficient algorithm for
ordering the Narayana objects.
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In this paper we present a Doob type maximal inequality for stochastic
processes satisfying the conditional increment control condition. If we assume,
in addition, that the margins of the process have uniform exponential tail
decay, we prove that the supremum of the process decays exponentially in the
same manner. Then we apply this result to the construction of the almost
everywhere stochastic flow to stochastic differential equations with singular
time dependent divergence-free drift.
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In this paper, based on geometric singular perturbation analysis of a
quasi-one dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Planck model for ionic flows, we study the
problem of zero current condition for ionic flows through membrane channels
with a simple profile of permanent charges.
For ionic mixtures of multiple ion species, under equal diffusion constant
condition, Eisenberg, et al [{\em Nonlinearity {\bf 28} (2015), 103-128}]
derived a system of two equations for determining the reversal potential and an
equation for the reversal permanent charge. The equal diffusion constant
condition is significantly degenerate from physical points of view. For unequal
diffusion coefficients, the analysis becomes extremely challenging. This work
will focus only on two ion species, one positively charged (cation) and one
negatively charged (anion), with two arbitrary diffusion coefficients.
Dependence of reversal potential on channel geometry and diffusion coefficients
has been investigated experimentally, numerically, and analytically in simple
setups, in many works. In this paper, we identify two governing equations for
the zero current, which enable one to mathematically analyze how the reversal
potential depends on the channel structure and diffusion coefficients. In
particular, we are able to show, with a number of concrete results, that the
possible different diffusion constants indeed make significant differences. The
inclusion of channel structures is also far beyond the situation where the
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation might be applicable. A comparison of our
result with the GHK equation is provided. The dual problem of reversal
permanent charges is briefly discussed too.
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