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A new 2-parameter family of central structures in trees, called central forests, is introduced. Minieka's $m$-center problem and McMorris's and Reid's central-$k$-tree can be seen as special cases of central forests in trees. A central forest is defined as a forest $F$ of $m$ subtrees of a tree $T$, where each subtree has $k$ nodes, which minimizes the maximum distance between nodes not in $F$ and those in $F$. An $O(n(m+k))$ algorithm to construct such a central forest in trees is presented, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the tree. The algorithm either returns with a central forest, or with the largest $k$ for which a central forest of $m$ subtrees is possible. Some of the elementary properties of central forests are also studied.
We prove Gibbs distribution of two-state spin systems(also known as binary Markov random fields) without hard constrains on a tree exhibits strong spatial mixing(also known as strong correlation decay), under the assumption that, for arbitrary `external field', the absolute value of `inverse temperature' is small, or the `external field' is uniformly large or small. The first condition on `inverse temperature' is tight if the distribution is restricted to ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic Ising models. Thanks to Weitz's self-avoiding tree, we extends the result for sparse on average graphs, which generalizes part of the recent work of Mossel and Sly\cite{MS08}, who proved the strong spatial mixing property for ferromagnetic Ising model. Our proof yields a different approach, carefully exploiting the monotonicity of local recursion. To our best knowledge, the second condition of `external field' for strong spatial mixing in this paper is first considered and stated in term of `maximum average degree' and `interaction energy'. As an application, we present an FPTAS for partition functions of two-state spin models without hard constrains under the above assumptions in a general family of graphs including interesting bounded degree graphs.
The burning number of a graph was recently introduced by Bonato et al. Although they mention that the burning number generalises naturally to directed graphs, no further research on this has been done. Here, we introduce graph burning for directed graphs, and we study bounds for the corresponding burning number and the hardness of finding this number. We derive sharp bounds from simple algorithms and examples. The hardness question yields more surprising results: finding the burning number of a directed tree is NP-hard, but FPT; however, it is W[2]-complete for DAGs. Finally, we give a fixed-parameter algorithm to find the burning number of a digraph, with a parameter inspired by research in phylogenetic networks.
Firm but good quality This topper is nice and firm. It's supportive and my sleep has improved a bit but you don't get that soft sink in feel of some memory foam types. I wish it were softer feeling but I might change my mind in time. I also like that it absorbs odors because sadly my cat peed on my old one sorta memory foam (which is discontinued now).
Three-way decision theory, which trisects the universe with less risks or costs, is considered as a powerful mathematical tool for handling uncertainty in incomplete and imprecise information tables, and provides an effective tool for conflict analysis decision making in real-time situations. In this paper, we propose the concepts of the agreement, disagreement and neutral subsets of a strategy with two evaluation functions, which establish the three-way decisions-based conflict analysis models(TWDCAMs) for trisecting the universe of agents, and employ a pair of two-way decisions models to interpret the mechanism of the three-way decision rules for an agent. Subsequently, we develop the concepts of the agreement, disagreement and neutral strategies of an agent group with two evaluation functions, which build the TWDCAMs for trisecting the universe of issues, and take a couple of two-way decisions models to explain the mechanism of the three-way decision rules for an issue. Finally, we reconstruct Fan, Qi and Wei's conflict analysis models(FQWCAMs) and Sun, Ma and Zhao's conflict analysis models(SMZCAMs) with two evaluation functions, and interpret FQWCAMs and SMZCAMs with a pair of two-day decisions models, which illustrates that FQWCAMs and SMZCAMs are special cases of TWDCAMs.
In various neurological disorders spatio-temporal excitation patterns constitute examples of excitable behavior emerging from pathological pathways. During migraine, seizure, and stroke an initially localized pathological state can temporarily spread indicating a transition from non-excitable to excitable behavior. We investigate these transient wave forms in the generic FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) system of excitable media. Our goal is to define an efficient control minimizing the volume of invaded tissue. The general point of such a therapeutic optimization is how to apply control theory in the framework of structures in differential geometry by regarding parameter plane M of the FHN system as a differential manifold endowed with a metric. We suggest to equip M with a metric given by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models of drug receptor interaction.
Case is more valuable than the holster This is a huge case. We took the front plastic off before using it. The clip is sort of odd, and the whole unit with the phone in it will flop over more than any case I've had before. The biggest drawback is how hard it is to get in and out of the holster...requiring that it snap in with force. I appreciate the case more than the holster and for that reason, would buy again.
This superior inferiority to the original dumb "Blind Dead" movie is another trash bin waste. So many people have hyped up these films that I can't believe what they say about it. Since I was a kid I have heard about how scary and great these films are and I saw them all and was throughly disappointed, was everyone on drugs, from the 1970's or do they just not know how boring this crude is?
The study of the stars that explode as supernovae used to be a forensic study, working backwards from the remnants of the star. This changed in 1987 when the first progenitor star was identified in pre-explosion images. Currently there are 8 detected progenitors with another 21 non-detections, for which only a limit on the pre-explosion luminosity can be placed. This new avenue of supernova research has led to many interesting conclusions, most importantly that the progenitors of the most common supernovae, type IIP, are red supergiants as theory has long predicted. However no progenitors have been detected thus far for the hydrogen-free type Ib/c supernovae which, given the expected progenitors, is an unlikely result. Also observations have begun to show evidence that luminous blue variables, which are among the most massive stars, may directly explode as supernovae. These results contradict current stellar evolution theory. This suggests that we may need to update our understanding.
A sweet funny story of 2 people crossing paths as they prepare for their weddings. The ex-cop writer and the public school teacher fall for each other in this great new york setting, even though they are marrying other people. Maybe a little trite in that the "partners" are both type A personalities, while our protagonists are much more relaxed. Not anything heavy, but it made me smile. And hey for the guys - sell the Natasha Henstridge angle, and the gals - sell them the sappy romance, everyone wins!
We report on an update of the test on the rotation of the plane of linear polarization for light traveling over cosmological distances, using a comparison between the measured direction of the UV polarization in 8 radio galaxies at z>2 and the direction predicted by the model of scattering of anisotropic nuclear radiation, which explains the polarization. No rotation is detected within a few degrees for each galaxy and, if the rotation does not depend on direction, then the all-sky-average rotation is constrained to be \theta = -0.8 +/- 2.2. We discuss the relevance of this result for constraining cosmological birefringence, when this is caused by the interaction with a cosmological pseudo-scalar field or by the presence of a Cherns-Simons term.
We propose an efficient method for demodulation of phase modulated signals via iterated Hilbert transform embeddings. We show that while a usual approach based on one application of the Hilbert transform provides only an approximation to a proper phase, with iterations the accuracy is essentially improved, up to precision limited mainly by the discretization effects. We demonstrate that the method is applicable to arbitrarily complex waveforms, and to modulations fast compared to the basic frequency. Furthermore, we develop a perturbative theory applicable to simple cosine waveforms, showing convergence of the technique.
Recently, Hennebelle and Chabrier (2008) derived an analytical theory for the mass spectrum of non self-gravitating clumps associated with overdensities in molecular clouds and for the initial mass function of gravitationally bound prestellar cores, as produced by the turbulent collapse of the cloud. In this companion paper, we examine the effects of the non-isothermality of the flow, of the turbulence forcing and of local fluctuation of the velocity dispersion, on the mass function. In particular, we investigate the influence of a polytropic equation of state and of the effective adiabatic exponent $\gamma$ and find that it has a drastic influence on the low mass part of the IMF. We also consider a barotropic equation of state (i.e. a piecewise polytropic eos) that mimics the thermal behaviour of the molecular gas and compare the prediction of our theory with the results of numerical simulations and with the observationally-derived IMF, for cloud parameters which satisfy Larson's type relations. We find that for clouds whose density is, at all scales, almost an order of magnitude larger than the density inferred for the CO clumps in the Galaxy, a good agreement is obtained between the theory and the observed IMF, suggesting that star formation preferentially occurs in high density environments. We derive an analytical expression for the IMF which generalizes the expression previously obtained for the isothermal case. This easy-to-implement analytical IMF should serve as a template to compare observational or numerical results with the theory.
Driving schools always want you to have complete control of the car so it must always be in gear even while stopped, with the clutch engaged in case you have to avoid an accident. Most driver drive the way they like as the odds of suddenly avoiding an accident while paying attention are slim to none.
As someone who was in a Pan-Hellenic sorority, I wasn't sure what to expect when I tuned into this show. After seeing so many over dramatizations in "made for TV movies" and the craziness of the reality shows, I was curious to see if Greek would be able to show the true College and Greek life experience.<br /><br />I was very pleasantly surprised at how the show was able to give the viewer the satisfaction of identifying the ever-familiar characters of this genre, but it was also able to add depth to the characters. Greek life isn't just about parties and petty conflict. Although those things happen within Greek Life, they also happen in any other social or professional circle throughout a person's life. To characterize it as some exclusive experience to those in a Greek Organization would be false. Most of the story lines and situations taking place in Greek can and do take place everywhere, in every circle of friends, on sports teams, in real life. But I've watched both episodes and my "little sister" whom I'm still very close to and I have spent both episodes laughing and being reminded of how they've truly captured the spirit of our college years and experiences.<br /><br />I liked how the second episode showed how the characters struggle with the other facets of their lives; school, relationships, goals, etc. Cappie telling Rusty that school comes first and going to your brothers for help, that was very true to life. You can't stay in an Organization if you have bad grades. The way Rusty got his assignment to his professor was far fetched, but it was entertaining. Even the dynamic between Casey and Rusty; It happens, you grow up and whatever your relationship with your sibling(s) was, it changes so you must adjust.<br /><br />The bottom line: Greek is a great show, great entertainment value, and enough "real life" in there to be believable and definitely worth the viewers time.
It is odd that it will take over a year to simply ban the products use. Similar to tobacco except tobacco kills over 30,000 people a year and they won't even discuss a ban. It makes no sense what so ever. The revenue earned on tobacco doesn't even come close to paying the medical bills of tobacco related deceases. When will somebody wake up?
We determine the submodule of finite support of the tensor product of two modules $M$ and $N$ over a local ring and estimate its length in terms of $M$ and $N$. Also, we compute higher local cohomology modules of tensor products in a serial of nontrivial cases. As applications, we compute the depth of tensor powers and present some freeness criteria.
Various mechanisms may contribute to neutrinoless double beta decay in the left-right symmetric model. The interference between these mechanisms also contribute to the overall decay rate. The analysis of the contributions of these interference terms is important for disentangling different mechanisms. In the present paper we study interference effects contributing to the decay rate for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay in the left-right symmetric model. The numerical values for maximum interference for several nuclides are calculated. It is observed that, for most of the interference terms, the contribution is smaller than 20$\%$ for all the nuclei considered in the study. However, the interference between the mass mechanisms (light and heavy) and $\eta$ mechanism is observed to be in the range 30$\%$-50$\%$. The variation of the interference effect with the $Q$ values is also studied.
Not the dress I ordered. Completely different dress than what I ordered. Absolutely unhappy with this. I needed a dress for an event tonight and thought I could avoid a shopping trip out after work. Nope. This dress has a scoop neck, low cut in the front and back. Not appropriate for what I needed it for. Not at all Asymmetrical like the description shows.
This article considers a model of genealogy corresponding to a regular exchangeable coalescent (also known as Xi-coalescent) started from a large finite configuration, and undergoing neutral mutations. Asymptotic expressions for the number of active lineages were obtained by the author in a previous work. Analogous results for the number of active mutation-free lineages and the combined lineage lengths are derived using the same martingale-based technique. They are given in terms of convergence in probability, while extensions to convergence in moments and convergence almost surely are discussed. The above mentioned results have direct consequences on the sampling theory in the Xi-coalescent setting. In particular, the regular Xi-coalescents that come down from infinity (i.e., with locally finite genealogies), have an asymptotically equal number of families under the corresponding infinite alleles and infinite sites models. In special cases, quantitative asymptotic formulae for the number of families that contain a fixed number of individuals can be given.
Phase, microstructural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties investigation clearly reveal that the charge imbalance created due to alio-valent Gd3+-ion substitution at Pb2+ site in lead magnesium niobate should be compensated by changing B-site cation ratio instead of creating A-site or B-site vacancies. Microstructure analysis along with elemental mapping exhibit segregation of magnesium oxide (MgO) and gadolinium niobate (GdNbO4) phase, which is observed to remain invariant to the charge compensation mechanism. Fitting of frequency dependent temperature of dielectric constant maximum Tm (temperature of emax) and the Mydosh parameter K calculated from the emax (T) clearly reveals critical slowing down of polar nano-regions (PNRs) dynamics leading to super-dipolar glass state in Gd3+-ion substituted PMN, when the charge imbalance is compensated by creating B-site vacancy or changing B-site cations ratio. Precipitation of secondary (pyrochlore) phase is resulted in Gd3+-ion substituted PMN when the charge imbalance is compensated by creating A-site vacancies, which causes reduction in interaction among the PNRs and circumventing the super-dipolar glass state.
The calcium intercalated graphite (CaC$_{6}$) is considered to be a representative material of the graphite intercalated superconductors, which exhibits sizable anisotropy of the Fermi surface (FS). Herein, the influence of the FS anisotropy on the critical magnetic field ($H_{C}$) in CaC$_{6}$ superconductor is comprehensively analyzed within the Migdal-Eliashberg (M-E) formalism. To precisely account for the mentioned anisotropy effects, the analysis is conducted in the framework of the six-band approximation, hitherto not employed for calculations of the $H_{C}$ function in CaC$_{6}$ material. For convenience, the obtained results are compared with the available one- and three-band estimates reported by using the M-E theory. A notable signatures of the increased number of bands are observed for the temperature dependent $H_{C}$ functions. In particular, the $H_{C}$ function decreases at T=0 K as the number of the considered bands is higher. Moreover, it is argued that the six-band formalism yields the most physically relevant shape of the $H_{C}$ function among all considered approximations. Therefore, the six-band model introduces not only quantitative but also qualitative changes to the results, in comparison to the other discussed FS approximations. This observation supports postulate that the six-band model constitutes minimal structure for FS of CaC$_{6}$, but also magnify importance of anisotropy effects for the critical magnetic field calculations.
We extend a recently introduced prototypical stochastic model describing uniformly the search and return of objects looking for new food sources around a given home. The model describes the kinematic motion of the object with constant speed in two dimensions. The angular dynamics is driven by noise and describes a "pursuit" and "escape" behavior of the heading and the position vectors. Pursuit behavior ensures the return to the home and the escaping between the two vectors realizes exploration of space in the vicinity of the given home. Noise is originated by environmental influences and during decision making of the object. We take symmetric {\alpha}-stable noise since such noise is observed in experiments. We now investigate for the simplest possible case, the consequences of limited knowledge of the position angle of the home. We find that both noise type and noise strength can significantly increase the probability of returning to the home. First, we review shortly main findings of the model presented in the former manuscript. These are the stationary distance distribution of the noise driven conservative dynamics and the observation of an optimal noise for finding new food sources. Afterwards, we generalize the model by adding a constant shift {\gamma} within the interaction rule between the two vectors. The latter might be created by a permanent uncertainty of the correct home position. Non vanishing shifts transform the kinematics of the searcher to a dissipative dynamics. For the latter we discuss the novel deterministic properties and calculate the stationary spatial distribution around the home.
We measure the rectified dc currents resulting when a 3-terminal semiconductor device with gate-dependent conductance is driven with an ac gate voltage. The rectified currents exhibit surprisingly complex behaviour as the dc source-drain bias voltage, the dc gate voltage and the amplitude of the ac gate voltage are varied. We obtain good agreement between our data and a model based on simple assumptions about the stray impedances on the sample chip, over a wide frequency range. This method is applicable to many types of experiment which involve ac gating of a non-linear device, and where an undesireable rectified contribution to the measured signal is present. Finally, we evaluate the small rectified currents flowing in tunable-barrier electron pumps operated in the pinched-off regime. These currents are at most $10^{-12}$ of the pumped current for a pump current of 100 pA. This result is encouraging for the development of tunable-barrier pumps as metrological current standards.
I couldn’t download it so I called in to get ... I couldn’t download it so I called in to get help and he said I had to purchase something else to fix the problem and I said that I’d get our tech guy to fix any problem and he HUNG UP ON ME!!!!
You get what you pay for. Don’t waste your time if you don’t want to spend hours assembling. None of the pieces where marked. The instructions where extremely vague and the nuts and bolts came in an envelope. Just all mixed together and thrown in there. It took a lot of guess work and praying to get the job done. I would say spend the extra money, you clearly get what you pay for in this situation.
The idea of making a film about the Beatles sounds doomed idea, as no production can catch the idea of the actual historic Beatles. Then it is perhaps best not to try to recreate the past, but to produce an illustration that works best with the other available Beatles material. This is exactly what 'Birth of the Beatles' offers to us, the simple story known to us without any extravaganza.<br /><br />*** SPOILERS here on *** <br /><br />Be warned that not everything is that accurate as some Beatles-graduates might expect. The Beatles are seen performing songs that hardly were even composed by that time. The Beatles perform "Ask Me Why", "P.S. I Love You" and even "Don't Bother Me". The Beatles-graduates should see that if the Beatles on the film only performed songs that they actually did at Hamburg, the younger viewers might not anymore recognize the Beatles they have learned to know them. Of that original Hamburg repertoire only "Johnny B. Goode" and Stu Sutcliffe's "Love Me Tender" are retained.<br /><br />The guys who play the Beatles in this production scarcely look like the originals, but the rest of the film still make good viewing as the film is for the rest fairly accurate. The guy who plays Lennon does it good and the rest of the band are not bad either. Brian Epstein is great and the moment when he sacks Pete Best from the group is probably the most memorable scene in the whole film. Also as a bonus you get to see the original Cavern club in the film.
We investigate the effect of lattice disorder and local correlation effects in finite and periodic silicene structures caused by carbon doping using first-principles calculations. For both finite and periodic silicene structures, the electronic properties carbon-doped monolayers are dramatically changed by controlling the doping sites in the structures, which is related to the amount of disorder introduced in the lattice and electron-electron correlation effects. By changing the position of the carbon dopants, we found that a Mott-Anderson transition is achieved. Moreover, the band gap is determined by the level of lattice disorder and electronic correlation effects. Finally, these structures are ferromagnetic even under disorder which has potential applications in Si-based nanoelectronics, such as field-effect transistors (FETs).
We analyzed the $^{93}Nb$ on $^{nat}Mg$ reaction at 30 MeV/nucleon in the aim of disentangling binary sequential decay and multifragmentation decay close to the energy threshold, i.e. $\simeq 3$ MeV/nucleon. Using the backtracing technique applied to the statistical models GEMINI and SMM we reconstruct simulated charge, mass and excitation energy distributions and compare them to the experimental ones. We show that data are better described by SMM than by GEMINI in agreement with the fact that multifragmentation is responsible for fragment production at excitation energies around 3 MeV/nucleon.
Developments in dynamical systems theory provides new support for the discretisation of \pde{}s and other microscale systems. By systematically resolving subgrid microscale dynamics the new approach constructs asymptotically accurate, macroscale closures of discrete models of the \pde. Here we explore reaction-diffusion problems in two spatial dimensions. Centre manifold theory ensures that slow manifold, holistic, discretisations exists, are quickly attractive, and are systematically approximated. Special coupling of the finite elements ensures that the resultant discretisations are consistent with the \pde to as high an order as desired. Computer algebra handles the enormous algebraic details as seen in the specific application to the Ginzburg--Landau equation. However, higher order models in 2D appear to require a mixed numerical and algebraic approach that is also developed. Being driven by the residuals of the equations, the modelling here may be straightforwardly adapted to a wide class of reaction-diffusion differential and lattice equations in multiple space dimensions.
Within perturbative QCD, we develop a new picture for the parton shower generated by a jet propagating through a dense quark-gluon plasma. This picture combines in a simple, factorised, way multiple medium-induced parton branchings and standard vacuum-like emissions, with the phase-space for the latter constrained by the presence of the medium. We implement this picture as a Monte Carlo generator that we use to study two phenomenologically important observables: the jet nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ and the $z_g$ distribution reflecting the jet substructure. In both cases, the outcome of our Monte Carlo simulations is in good agreement with the LHC measurements. We provide basic analytic calculations that help explaining the main features observed in the data. We find that the energy loss by the jet is increasing with the jet transverse momentum, due to a rise in the number of partonic sources via vacuum-like emissions. This is a key element in our description of both $R_{AA}$ and the $z_g$ distribution. For the latter, we identify two main nuclear effects: incoherent jet energy loss and hard medium-induced emissions. As the jet transverse momentum increases, we predict a qualitative change in the ratio between the $z_g$ distributions in PbPb and pp collisions: from increasing at small $z_g$, this ratio becomes essentially flat, or even slightly decreasing.
The coefficient sequences of multivariate rational functions appear in many areas of combinatorics. Their diagonal coefficient sequences enjoy nice arithmetic and asymptotic properties, and the field of analytic combinatorics in several variables (ACSV) makes it possible to compute asymptotic expansions. We consider these methods from the point of view of effectivity. In particular, given a rational function, ACSV requires one to determine a (generically) finite collection of points that are called critical and minimal. Criticality is an algebraic condition, meaning it is well treated by classical methods in computer algebra, while minimality is a semi-algebraic condition describing points on the boundary of the domain of convergence of a multivariate power series. We show how to obtain dominant asymptotics for the diagonal coefficient sequence of multivariate rational functions under some genericity assumptions using symbolic-numeric techniques. To our knowledge, this is the first completely automatic treatment and complexity analysis for the asymptotic enumeration of rational functions in an arbitrary number of variables.
This paper addresses theory and applications of $\ell_p$-based Laplacian regularization in semi-supervised learning. The graph $p$-Laplacian for $p>2$ has been proposed recently as a replacement for the standard ($p=2$) graph Laplacian in semi-supervised learning problems with very few labels, where Laplacian learning is degenerate. In the first part of the paper we prove new discrete to continuum convergence results for $p$-Laplace problems on $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) graphs, which are more commonly used in practice than random geometric graphs. Our analysis shows that, on $k$-NN graphs, the $p$-Laplacian retains information about the data distribution as $p\to \infty$ and Lipschitz learning ($p=\infty$) is sensitive to the data distribution. This situation can be contrasted with random geometric graphs, where the $p$-Laplacian forgets the data distribution as $p\to \infty$. We also present a general framework for proving discrete to continuum convergence results in graph-based learning that only requires pointwise consistency and monotonicity. In the second part of the paper, we develop fast algorithms for solving the variational and game-theoretic $p$-Laplace equations on weighted graphs for $p>2$. We present several efficient and scalable algorithms for both formulations, and present numerical results on synthetic data indicating their convergence properties. Finally, we conduct extensive numerical experiments on the MNIST, FashionMNIST and EMNIST datasets that illustrate the effectiveness of the $p$-Laplacian formulation for semi-supervised learning with few labels. In particular, we find that Lipschitz learning ($p=\infty$) performs well with very few labels on $k$-NN graphs, which experimentally validates our theoretical findings that Lipschitz learning retains information about the data distribution (the unlabeled data) on $k$-NN graphs.
Final Fantasy: Advent Children is and will remain a classic example of style over substance gone wrong. Instead of drawing upon the memorable characters and captivating mythology of the original game, Square Enix has churned out a frivolous montage of incomprehensible battle scenes. Yes, I said "incomprehensible." Did you know that Tifa knows blindingly fast Kung Fu techniques that magically cause the camera angle to shift every second? That Cloud can effortlessly suspend himself in midair for a full minute while wildly swinging away with his 2-ton sword? The English dub is mediocre. While not egregiously bad, it is far from well-produced. The quality is comparable to that of an average anime dub.<br /><br />Here is what I'd like to say to the die-hard FFVII fans who can't stop gushing over this movie: Advent Children is the best fan service you could have hoped for from Square Enix, but even a trashy CG flick like Galerians: Rion had a better story. You'll be embarrassed by this movie and its lack of thought in due time. The days of its novelty are numbered.<br /><br />Movies like Advent Children make me question whether Square Enix recognizes the potential of its franchises. After all (and no offense), it's a Japanese company. Japanese developers can deliver fun games, but most of their offerings are disappointingly shallow. They are utter psychos, however, when it comes to production quality. Advent Children features some of the most breathtaking renders in CG history, but that doesn't save it from its convoluted plot and cardboard characters.<br /><br />Any fan who followed this film knows Sephiroth comes back. Bending the story to accommodate his resurrection was a big mistake.<br /><br />NOTE: The one point I give this "film" is in honor of the 10,000 enslaved Japanese animators who gave their lives to render each bleached blond hair on Cloud's effeminate Caucasian head.
Semantically controlled neural response generation on limited-domain has achieved great performance. However, moving towards multi-domain large-scale scenarios are shown to be difficult because the possible combinations of semantic inputs grow exponentially with the number of domains. To alleviate such scalability issue, we exploit the structure of dialog acts to build a multi-layer hierarchical graph, where each act is represented as a root-to-leaf route on the graph. Then, we incorporate such graph structure prior as an inductive bias to build a hierarchical disentangled self-attention network, where we disentangle attention heads to model designated nodes on the dialog act graph. By activating different (disentangled) heads at each layer, combinatorially many dialog act semantics can be modeled to control the neural response generation. On the large-scale Multi-Domain-WOZ dataset, our model can yield a significant improvement over the baselines on various automatic and human evaluation metrics.
Lamp does not work. It is a really good starting set. It comes with all the tools that you need, colors and the top and base coat. This is the brand my mother-in-law uses so I wanted this brand. I read the reviews and was a little nervous about the lamp but went ahead anyway. Mine came poorly packaged as many of the other reviewers, but nothing broken. I went to do my nails and just one coat took 3 minutes to cure. I followed the directions exactly, and it was not a thick coat. I basically held my nail right up to the bulb, and that was the only way it cured. Other than the lamp not working I recommend this starting kit. The colors are beautiful and I like all the tools that came with it, and the little extras like the tape and rhinestones. I ended up just buying a $15 LED lamp from Walmart.
This motion picture comes straight out of the dark dungeon of Full Moon Entertainment. This production company gained fame and fortune during the first half of the 90's by producing terribly bad and cheesy horror movies. The most famous disasters in their ouvre are "Subspecies", "Seedpeople" and "Trancers". None of these are recommended and neither is Doctor Mordrid, actually. Hyperactive director Charles Band did come to the right company for his film. Doctor Mordrid is amazingly dumb and cheesy and almost completely humourless. I only saw it because it stars Jeffrey Combs. I learned that it can have several disadvantages if you're a fan of him. For every good movie, it seems like he has made 5 inferior ones. Anyways, the story is about the battle between 2 ancient sorcerers. One good one who's here since 150 years to protect the humans ( Jeffrey as Dr.Mordrid ) and one wicked one called Kabal. He wants to destroy every form of human life for some reason I already forgot. Combs gets his instructions from mentor. That "guy" only exists of a pair of eyes in space. Very very cheesy, that is ! Every once and a while a blinding lightflash is shown on the screen but that's about the only form of Special effects this movie has got. The whole thing is just a piece of whining and nagging and when the two wizards finally face each other, it's over before you know it...I would have expected for the wicked wizard to at least fight back a little, but nooooooo.... In some scenes, you really can detect some originality and creativity ( like for example Jeffrey's lecture about the influence of the moon on criminals ) and if you really pay attention, you might even find some very small but nice aspects ( like the raven which is called Edgar Allen) but overall, it's a terrible waste of time and energy. I'm a big fan of Jeffrey and maybe he is a superhero in my eyes...but he sure doesn't have to put on a stupid maillot for that.
I'm not a movie maker but I do know it is hard to tell a story in seven minutes and draw your audience into the character. Horses on Mars does this and more. When you are watching a good movie you don't want it to end. This is how I felt watching this film. It is visually expansive and the microbe takes on such human qualities that you feel you are on the journey with him.<br /><br />Really looking forward to see what exciting adventures Mr. Anderson takes us on in the future. Well done.
We consider a delay differential equation (DDE) model for El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. The model combines two key mechanisms that participate in ENSO dynamics: delayed negative feedback and seasonal forcing. We perform stability analyses of the model in the three-dimensional space of its physically relevant parameters. Our results illustrate the role of these three parameters: strength of seasonal forcing $b$, atmosphere-ocean coupling $\kappa$, and propagation period $\tau$ of oceanic waves across the Tropical Pacific. Two regimes of variability, stable and unstable, are separated by a sharp neutral curve in the $(b,\tau)$ plane at constant $\kappa$. The detailed structure of the neutral curve becomes very irregular and possibly fractal, while individual trajectories within the unstable region become highly complex and possibly chaotic, as the atmosphere-ocean coupling $\kappa$ increases. In the unstable regime, spontaneous transitions occur in the mean ``temperature'' ({\it i.e.}, thermocline depth), period, and extreme annual values, for purely periodic, seasonal forcing. The model reproduces the Devil's bleachers characterizing other ENSO models, such as nonlinear, coupled systems of partial differential equations; some of the features of this behavior have been documented in general circulation models, as well as in observations. We expect, therefore, similar behavior in much more detailed and realistic models, where it is harder to describe its causes as completely.
We recall Mexican needlets from [5]. We derive an estimate for certain types of Legendre series, which we apply to the statistical properties of Mexican needlets. More precisely, we shall show that, under isotropy and Gaussianity assumptions, the Mexican needlet coefficients of a random field on the sphere are asymptotically uncorrelated, as the frequency parameter goes to infinity. This property is important in the analysis of cosmic microwave background radiation.
In excursion set theory the computation of the halo mass function is mapped into a first-passage time process in the presence of a barrier, which in the spherical collapse model is a constant and in the ellipsoidal collapse model is a fixed function of the variance of the smoothed density field. However, N-body simulations show that dark matter halos grow through a mixture of smooth accretion, violent encounters and fragmentations, and modeling halo collapse as spherical, or even as ellipsoidal, is a significant oversimplification. We propose that some of the physical complications inherent to a realistic description of halo formation can be included in the excursion set theory framework, at least at an effective level, by taking into account that the critical value for collapse is not a fixed constant $\delta_c$, as in the spherical collapse model, nor a fixed function of the variance $\sigma$ of the smoothed density field, as in the ellipsoidal collapse model, but rather is itself a stochastic variable, whose scatter reflects a number of complicated aspects of the underlying dynamics. Solving the first-passage time problem in the presence of a diffusing barrier we find that the exponential factor in the Press-Schechter mass function changes from $\exp\{-\delta_c^2/2\sigma^2\}$ to $\exp\{-a\delta_c^2/2\sigma^2\}$, where $a=1/(1+D_B)$ and $D_B$ is the diffusion coefficient of the barrier. The numerical value of $D_B$, and therefore the corresponding value of $a$, depends among other things on the algorithm used for identifying halos. We discuss the physical origin of the stochasticity of the barrier and we compare with the mass function found in N-body simulations, for the same halo definition.[Abridged]
What gives this movie its personality is the knowledge, in the end, that it is all true. While it is a compelling and humorous documentary that does border on mockumentary in some parts (are they staged or is it really happening humorously?), it does seem to get a bit long towards the end.<br /><br />This movie is funny in places it needs to be, and flows relatively well. Reminiscent of Christopher Guest's movies, if you liked those or Adaptation then I recommend you keep a look out for this one.<br /><br />B+
Though a bit more polished technically than the previous film in the series, BULLDOG DRUMMOND ESCAPES, this is a weaker escapade in both a plot that's less thrilling and a leading man who simply doesn't have the charisma of Ray Milland.<br /><br />That said, several actors and characters continue in their roles and manage to keep the flag flying. Also John Barrymore is present, popping up all through the film in a variety of outlandish disguises.<br /><br />Anyway it's another endless night for BD as he and his cohorts chase around trying to rescue the poor girl he intends to marry. The clues are stupid but again the supporting actors often make them entertaining.
This paper investigates the effectiveness of creative versus uncreative leadership using EVOC, an agent-based model of cultural evolution. Each iteration, each agent in the artificial society invents a new action, or imitates a neighbor's action. Only the leader's actions can be imitated by all other agents, referred to as followers. Two measures of creativity were used: (1) invention-to-imitation ratio, iLeader, which measures how often an agent invents, and (2) rate of conceptual change, cLeader, which measures how creative an invention is. High iLeader increased mean fitness of ideas, but only when creativity of followers was low. High iLeader was associated with greater diversity of ideas in the early stage of idea generation only. High cLeader increased mean fitness of ideas in the early stage of idea generation; in the later stage it decreased idea fitness. Reasons for these findings and tentative implications for creative leadership in human society are discussed.
Pulls hair, painful The unit is powerful, charges easily via a USB cable and seems to run well and consistently. But, I dread using it as it seems to occasionally grab hair and tries to pull it out before it cuts it. It's quite painful. I'm a guy who is fairly pain tolerant. However, I'm looking for a different model to replace one I've had for decades that never did that. I should have tried to return it, but it's too late and not worth the effort. I am surprised that I'm the only review I've seen with this issue. Perhaps I got a rare defective unit.
We consider a particle system with a mean-field-type interaction perturbed by some common and individual noises. When the interacting kernels are sublinear and only locally Lipschitz-continuous, relying on arguments based on the tightness of random measures in Wasserstein spaces, we are able to construct a weak solution of the corresponding limiting SPDE. In a setup where the diffusion coefficient on the environmental noise is bounded, this weak convergence can be turned into a strong L^p($\Omega$) convergence and the propagation of chaos for the particle system can be established. The systems considered include perturbations of the Cucker-Smale model for collective motion.
We have been studying the index theory for some special infinite-dimensional manifolds with a "proper cocompact" actions of the loop group LT of the circle T, from the viewpoint of the noncommutative geometry. In this paper, we will introduce the LT-equivariant KK-theory and we will construct three KK-elements: the index element, the Clifford symbol element and the Dirac element. These elements satisfy a certain relation, which should be called the (KK-theoretical) index theorem, or the KK-theoretical Poincar\'e duality for infinite-dimensional manifolds. We will also discuss the assembly maps.
We deal here with the application of the Nuclear Born Oppenheimer (NBO) method to the description of nuclear rotations. As an edifying illustration, we apply the NBO formalism to study the rotational motion of nuclei which are axially-symmetric and even, but whose shells are not closed. We focus, in particular, on the derivation of expressions for the rotational energy and for the moment of inertia. Additionally, we examine the connection between the NBO method and the self-consistent cranking (SCC) model. Finally, we compare the moment of inertia generated by the NBO method with the Thouless-Valantin formula and hence establish a connection between the NBO method and the large body of experimental data.
We study the String dual to N=1 SQCD deformed by a quartic superpotential in the quark superfields. We present a unified view of the previous results in the literature and find new exact solutions and new asymptotic solutions. Then we study the Physics encoded in these backgrounds, giving among other things a resolution to an old puzzle related to the beta function and a sufficient criteria for screening. We also extend our results to the SO(Nc) case where we present a candidate for the Wilson loop in the spinorial representation. Various aspects of this line of research are critically analyzed.
We consider the problem of characterizing the `duality gap' between sparse synthesis- and cosparse analysis-driven signal models through the lens of spectral graph theory, in an effort to comprehend their precise equivalencies and discrepancies. By detecting and exploiting the inherent connectivity structure, and hence, distinct set of properties, of rank-deficient graph difference matrices such as the graph Laplacian, we are able to substantiate discrepancies between the cosparse analysis and sparse synthesis models, according to which the former constitutes a constrained and translated instance of the latter. In view of a general union of subspaces model, we conduct a study of the associated subspaces and their composition, which further facilitates the refinement of specialized uniqueness and recovery guarantees, and discover an underlying structured sparsity model based on the graph incidence matrix. Furthermore, for circulant graphs, we provide an exact characterization of underlying subspaces by deriving closed-form expressions as well as demonstrating transitional properties between equivalence and non-equivalence for a parametric generalization of the graph Laplacian.
This paper presents PFLP, a library for probabilistic programming in the functional logic programming language Curry. It demonstrates how the concepts of a functional logic programming language support the implementation of a library for probabilistic programming. In fact, the paradigms of functional logic and probabilistic programming are closely connected. That is, language characteristics from one area exist in the other and vice versa. For example, the concepts of non-deterministic choice and call-time choice as known from functional logic programming are related to and coincide with stochastic memoization and probabilistic choice in probabilistic programming, respectively. We will further see that an implementation based on the concepts of functional logic programming can have benefits with respect to performance compared to a standard list-based implementation and can even compete with full-blown probabilistic programming languages, which we illustrate by several benchmarks. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
Quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the massless scalar wave in $1+1$ dimensions are obtained for a symmetric, finite, triangular barrier potential. This problem is exactly solvable, with Airy functions involved in the solutions. Before obtaining the QNMs, we demonstrate how such a triangular barrier may arise in the context of scalar wave propagation in a tailor-made wormhole geometry. Thereafter, the Ferrari-Mashhoon idea is used to show how bound states in a well potential may be used to find the QNMs in a corresponding barrier potential. The bound state condition in the exactly solvable triangular well and the transformed condition for finding the QNMs are written down. Real bound state energies and complex QNMs are found by solving the respective transcendental equations. Numerical integration of the wave equation yields the time domain profiles for scalar waves propagating in this wormhole geometry which illustrate the quasinormal ringing. Estimates relating the size of the wormhole throat (in units of solar mass) with the QNM frequencies are stated and discussed. Finally, we show how the effective potential and the QNMs for scalar perturbations of the Ellis--Bronnikov wormhole spacetime can be reasonably well--approximated using a properly parametrised triangular barrier.
How is this the lead story on denverpost.com on the same day as the worst mass shooting in US history? If you are the editor of Post webpage, you should just quit now... even if you were told to do this by corporate. Where are the adults in this freaking country?
We study the dynamics of charge-transfer insulators after a photo-excitation using the three-band Emery model which is relevant for the description of cuprate superconductors. We provide a detailed derivation of the nonequilibrium extension of the multi-band GW+EDMFT formalism and the corresponding downfolding procedure. The Peierls construction of the electron-light coupling is generalized to the multi-band case resulting in a gauge invariant combination of the Peierls intra-band acceleration and dipolar intra-band transitions. We apply the formalism to the study of momentum-dependent (inverse) photo-emission spectra and optical conductivities. The time-resolved spectral function shows a strong renormalization of the charge-transfer gap and a substantial broadening of some of the bands. While the upper Hubbard band exhibits a momentum-dependent broadening, an almost rigid band shift is observed for the ligand bands. The inverse photo-emission spectrum reveals that the inclusion of the non-local and inter-band charge fluctuations lead to a very fast relaxation of holes into the lower Hubbard band. Consistent with the changes in the spectral function, the optical conductivity shows a renormalization of the charge-transfer gap, which is proportional to the photo-doping. The details of the photo-induced changes strongly depend on the dipolar matrix elements, which calls for an ab-initio determination of these parameters.
This study is concern with the numerical solution of the initial boundary value problem (IBVP) for the semilinear scale-invariant wave equation with damping and mass and power non-linearity. Numerical results of the aforementioned IBVP is obtained by using standart Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) for the spatial variable and the temporal variable is discretized with the finite difference method (FDM). The FDM is also used for the discretization of the spatial variable for the accuracy of the numerical results. The obtained numerical results with different numerical schemes are observed compatible. Numerical simulation of the considered problem is given for the different initial conditions.
We present a perturbative calculation of the neutron matter equation of state based on low-momentum two- and three-nucleon interactions. Our results are compared to the model-independent virial equation of state and to variational calculations, and we provide theoretical error estimates by varying the cutoff used to regulate nuclear interactions. In addition, we study the dependence of the BCS $^1$S$_0$ superfluid pairing gap on nuclear interactions and on the cutoff. The resulting gaps are well constrained by the nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts, and the cutoff dependence is very weak for sharp or sufficiently narrow smooth regulators with cutoffs $\lm > 1.6 \fmi$.
A more detailed test of the implementation of nuclear forces that drive shell evolution in the pivotal nucleus \nuc{42}{Si} -- going beyond earlier comparisons of excited-state energies -- is important. The two leading shell-model effective interactions, SDPF-MU and SDPF-U-Si, both of which reproduce the low-lying \nuc{42}{Si}($2^+_1$) energy, but whose predictions for other observables differ significantly, are interrogated by the population of states in neutron-rich \nuc{42}{Si} with a one-proton removal reaction from \nuc{43}{P} projectiles at 81~MeV/nucleon. The measured cross sections to the individual \nuc{42}{Si} final states are compared to calculations that combine eikonal reaction dynamics with these shell-model nuclear structure overlaps. The differences in the two shell-model descriptions are examined and linked to predicted low-lying excited $0^+$ states and shape coexistence. Based on the present data, which are in better agreement with the SDPF-MU calculations, the state observed at 2150(13)~keV in \nuc{42}{Si} is proposed to be the ($0^+_2$) level.
Gravity gradient is known as a serious systematic effect in atomic tests of the universality of free fall, where the initial central position and velocity of atoms need to be exactly controlled. In this paper, we study quantum free fall with high-order gravity gradients. It is shown that the cubic terms in the Newtonian potential shall generate a new phase shift in atom interferometers, which depends on the position and velocity uncertainties of the incident atoms. We further investigate the nonclassicality of free fall and show that, due to the cubic potential, the gravitational Wigner equation in phase space of position and velocity is different from the classical Liouville equation. There exists a mass-dependent correction in the dynamical equation regardless of initial state. Nevertheless, this is just a quantum mechanical effect of microparticles, which does not violate equivalence principle that inertia mass is equal to the gravitational mass.
Ultimately this comes down to ignorance and fear. Who are these people crossing the border? Are they Americans? Are they migrants? Are they refugees? What law applies here? I know that they're crossing illegally because if they tried to cross at border crossings, they'd be turned back. Beyond that, I don't know how the law should be applied, and based on many of the comments here, I'm guessing most people don't know either. Certainly the politicians don't know. Perhaps if someone had a good idea on how to deal with these people that actually fell within the law and our international agreements, it'd be worth listening to.... but simply getting angry about it accomplishes exactly nothing. For now, leave them in custody until someone figures out what to do... and calm down.
best option for my purpose I love the color (brown), and perfect size for essential oil blends for room spray. However, just a few sprays and the pump is sticking. These are the second different company I've tried and the others got stuck as well. Can anyone out there make decent non sticking pump spray bottles?
yeah uh you know i i i can remember back to my college days and uh it was uh T-shirts and jeans in the warm weather and jackets and jeans in the short weather uh the thing is here i'm i'm supposed to be an executive you you can uh uh take that or or not depends on where you're looking from
A Green-function formalism for the Kondo lattice model is presented, which is designed to be combined with the dynamical mean-field theory. With use of Wick's theorem only for conduction electrons, dynamical quantities are represented in terms of the t-matrix and its two-particle generalizations. By taking the high-frequency limit of the t-matrix with respect to a part of the fermion frequencies, one obtains dynamical correlation functions of localized moments. Explicit examples of calculational steps are provided with use of the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method.
To complement the IceCube neutrino telescope currently under construction at the South Pole, the three Mediterranean neutrino telescope projects ANTARES, NEMO and NESTOR have joined forces to develop, construct and operate a km^3-scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. Since February 2006, the technical specifications and performance of such a detector are studied in the framework of a 3-year EU-funded Design Study. In 2009 a technical design report will be released laying the foundations for the construction of the detector. In the following, the current status of the Design Study is presented and examples of solutions for the technical challenges are discussed.
We investigate a singly-charged quantum dot under a strong optical driving field by probing the system with a weak optical field. When the driving field is detuned from the trion transition, the probe absorption spectrum is shifted from the trion resonance as a consequence of the dynamic Stark effect. Simultaneously, a gain sideband is created, resulting from the coherent energy transfer between the optical fields through the quantum dot nonlinearity. As the pump detuning is moved from red to blue, we map out the anticrossing of these two spectral lines. The optical Bloch equations for a stationary two-level atom can be used to describe the numerous spectral features seen in this nano solid state system.
This is the kind of film that everyone involved with should be embarrassed over. Poor directing, over the top acting and a plot that rambles on with no point other than to show violence. I thought when I first saw it that it would be perhaps a satire of the media and how it shows violence but it's not. I'm not sure what makes the film worse. Oliver stone does his worst directing ever. From scenes where Woody Harrelson's face morphs for no reason or Robert Downey Jr's dreadful performance as Wayne Gale who is a reporter who seems totally bonkers, this movie is simply a mess.
I think that illegal immigrants would be granted a fairer trial if they were incarcerated in their own country by their nation's laws. They shouldn't be allowed to play the race card to get out of trouble when they commit crimes. Our empathy for immigrants often reaches an end when they come here for the sole purpose to "make a better life for themselves" by stealing or otherwise harming legal American citizens and disrespecting our country.
Undoubtedly, the least among the Spaghetti Westerns I've been watching lately: basically a low-brow rip-off of Leone's THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY (1966) with three disparate characters outwitting one another (and occasionally forming shaky alliances) in their search for hidden gold. Leonard Maltin rated it a BOMB; while it's harmless enough, it's also totally routine and, fatally, the three main roles are stereotypes, that is to say, uninteresting: Eddie Byrnes is a bank employee with ideas regarding his consignment being transported by train; Gilbert Roland is the "legendary" but ageing Mexican bandit (his frequent lapses into Spanish when excited are quite corny!) who, apparently, is still irresistible to women; George Hilton as an enigmatic bounty hunter tries too hard to emulate Clint Eastwood's Man With No Name figure. Director Castellari - whom I saw at the Italian B-movie retrospective held during the 2004 Venice Film Festival, where he came off as the most pompous of the cult movie directors present! - shows little genuine feeling for the Western (on the strength of two above-average Franco Nero efforts in the genre, I ordered his collaboration with Castellari KEOMA [1976]...I'm keeping my fingers crossed now!) and the film's tongue-in-cheek approach is equally lamentable.
The self coupling $\lambda$ of the Higgs boson in the Standard Model may show critical behavior, i.e. the Higgs potential may have a point at an energy scale $\sim 10^{17-18}$ GeV where both the first and second derivatives (almost) vanish. In this case the Higgs boson can serve as inflaton even if its nonminimal coupling to the curvature scalar is only ${\cal O}(10)$, thereby alleviating concerns about the perturbative unitarity of the theory. We find that just before the Higgs as inflaton enters the flat region of the potential the usual slow--roll conditions are violated. This leads to "overshooting" behavior, which in turn strongly enhances scalar curvature perturbations because of the excitation of entropic (non--adiabatic) perturbations. For appropriate choice of the free parameters these large perturbations occur at length scales relevant for the formation of primordial black holes. Even if these perturbations are not quite large enough to trigger copious black hole formation, they source second order tensor perturbations, i.e. primordial gravitational waves; the corresponding energy density can be detected by the proposed space-based gravitational wave detectors DECIGO and BBO.
While I support much of the Green ideology, voting Green in the past election was a mistake which served to split the left. Regardless of whom the Greens support, the government will fall before the next scheduled election. At that time, people that voted Green will be forced to abandon their support and vote for a government, rather than a dream.
We investigate potential quantum nonlinear corrections to Dirac's equation through its sub-leading effect on neutrino oscillation probabilities. Working in the plane-wave approximation and in the $\mu-\tau$ sector, we explore various classes of nonlinearities, with or without an accompanying Lorentz violation. The parameters in our models are first delimited by current experimental data before they are used to estimate corrections to oscillation probabilities. We find that only a small subset of the considered nonlinearities have the potential to be relevant at higher energies and thus possibly detectable in future experiments. A falsifiable prediction of our models is an energy dependent effective mass-squared, generically involving fractional powers of the energy.
Leaks and does not break down veggies I was very excited about this juicer but the first time I used it, it leaked everywhere on my counter and into the juicer itself. It made it hard to clean since the juice did not stay in the removable parts. Also there were small long fibers of something black in the pulp and it freaked me out a little. There were large chunks still left after running the same cucumbers through twice. I was very disappointed because the other reviews were so good. It's not worth the money and when I saw it was made in China (which I did not see on the description page) it made much more sense why it wasn't as good as I had hoped.
Virtual reality offers the unique possibility to experience a virtual representation as our own body. In contrast to previous research that predominantly studied this phenomenon for humanoid avatars, our work focuses on virtual animals. In this paper, we discuss different body tracking approaches to control creatures such as spiders or bats and the respective virtual body ownership effects. Our empirical results demonstrate that virtual body ownership is also applicable for nonhumanoids and can even outperform human-like avatars in certain cases. An additional survey confirms the general interest of people in creating such experiences and allows us to initiate a broad discussion regarding the applicability of animal embodiment for educational and entertainment purposes.
The Einstein-Rosen "bridge" wormhole solution proposed in the classic paper [1] does not satisfy the vacuum Einstein equations at the wormhole throat. We show that the fully consistent formulation of the original Einstein-Rosen "bridge" requires solving Einstein equations of bulk D=4 gravity coupled to a lightlike brane with a well-defined world-volume action. The non-vanishing contribution of Einstein-Rosen "bridge" solution to the right hand side of Einstein equations at the throat matches precisely the surface stress-energy tensor of the lightlike brane which automatically occupies the throat ("horizon straddling") - a feature triggered by the world-volume lightlike brane dynamics.
This paper proposes a novel message passing neural (MPN) architecture Conv-MPN, which reconstructs an outdoor building as a planar graph from a single RGB image. Conv-MPN is specifically designed for cases where nodes of a graph have explicit spatial embedding. In our problem, nodes correspond to building edges in an image. Conv-MPN is different from MPN in that 1) the feature associated with a node is represented as a feature volume instead of a 1D vector; and 2) convolutions encode messages instead of fully connected layers. Conv-MPN learns to select a true subset of nodes (i.e., building edges) to reconstruct a building planar graph. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluations over 2,000 buildings show that Conv-MPN makes significant improvements over the existing fully neural solutions. We believe that the paper has a potential to open a new line of graph neural network research for structured geometry reconstruction.
Colloquially, a "logjam" indicates a kinematic arrest of movement. Taken literally, it refers to a type of dense accumulation of wood in rivers widely recognized as bestowing numerous biological and physical benefits to the system but also present serious hazards to infrastructure. Despite this, no in-situ field measurements have assessed the degree of arrest in a naturally-formed logjam. Using time-lapse photography, repeat total station surveys and water level loggers, we provide an unprecedented perspective on the evolution of a logjam in central Idaho. Despite the namesake, we find that the logjam is not jammed. The ensemble of logs progressively deforms in response to shear and buoyant lift of flowing water, modulated by the rising limb, peak and falling limb of the snowmelt hydrograph. As water rises and log drag against the bed and banks decreases, they collectively translate downstream, generating a heterogeneous pattern of deformation. As streamflow recedes and the logs reconnect with the bed and banks, the coherent deformation pattern degrades as logs settle opportunistically amongst their neighbors. Field observations of continuous movement at a low rate are qualitatively similar to creep and clogging, behaviors that are common to a wide class of disordered materials. These similarities open the possibility to inform future studies of environmental clogging, wood-laden flows, logjams, hazard mitigation and the design of engineered logjams by bridging these practices with frontier research efforts in soft matter physics and granular rheology.
This paper presents a general iterative bias correction procedure for regression smoothers. This bias reduction schema is shown to correspond operationally to the $L_2$ Boosting algorithm and provides a new statistical interpretation for $L_2$ Boosting. We analyze the behavior of the Boosting algorithm applied to common smoothers $S$ which we show depend on the spectrum of $I-S$. We present examples of common smoother for which Boosting generates a divergent sequence. The statistical interpretation suggest combining algorithm with an appropriate stopping rule for the iterative procedure. Finally we illustrate the practical finite sample performances of the iterative smoother via a simulation study. simulations.
You have it backwards SpenAk. In Southwest Alaska, there had been years of culture, education, and literacy under the Russians. Seek out Father Michael Oleska and listen to his recounting of the history of that region. When Alaska was purchased, in 1887, the American exceptionalist Presbyterian Church came in and treated these people with great disrespct as backward heathen needing to be saved and edgemicated. The children were yanked from their families and sent to boarding schools where they were not allowed to speak their own language. Those people were shamed. White Americans were their oppressors erasing many years of culture and education.
Let $\sigma+i\gamma$ be a zero of the Riemann zeta function to the right of the line $\frac{1}{2}+it$. We show that this zero causes large oscillations of the error term of the prime number theorem. Our result is close to optimal both in terms of the magnitude and in the localization of large values for the error term.
We present a novel idea to compute square roots over finite fields, without being given any quadratic nonresidue, and without assuming any unproven hypothesis. The algorithm is deterministic and the proof is elementary. In some cases, the square root algorithm runs in $\tilde{O}(\log^2 q)$ bit operations over finite fields with $q$ elements. As an application, we construct a deterministic primality proving algorithm, which runs in $\tilde{O}(\log^3 N)$ for some integers $N$.
Authenticated data storage on an untrusted platform is an important computing paradigm for cloud applications ranging from big-data outsourcing, to cryptocurrency and certificate transparency log. These modern applications increasingly feature update-intensive workloads, whereas existing authenticated data structures (ADSs) designed with in-place updates are inefficient to handle such workloads. In this paper, we address this issue and propose a novel authenticated log-structured merge tree (eLSM) based key-value store by leveraging Intel SGX enclaves. We present a system design that runs the code of eLSM store inside enclave. To circumvent the limited enclave memory (128 MB with the latest Intel CPUs), we propose to place the memory buffer of the eLSM store outside the enclave and protect the buffer using a new authenticated data structure by digesting individual LSM-tree levels. We design protocols to support query authentication in data integrity, completeness (under range queries), and freshness. The proof in our protocol is made small by including only the Merkle proofs at selective levels. We implement eLSM on top of Google LevelDB and Facebook RocksDB with minimal code change and performance interference. We evaluate the performance of eLSM under the YCSB workload benchmark and show a performance advantage of up to 4.5X speedup.
The appearance of a salient stimulus rapidly inhibits saccadic eye movements. Curiously, this "oculomotor freezing" reflex is triggered only by stimuli that the observer reports seeing. It remains unknown, however, if oculomotor freezing is linked to the observers sensory experience, or their decision that a stimulus was present. To dissociate between these possibilities, we manipulated decision criterion via monetary payoffs and stimulus probability in a detection task. These manipulations greatly shifted observers decision criteria but did not affect the degree to which microsaccades were inhibited by stimulus presence. Moreover, the link between oculomotor freezing and explicit reports of stimulus presence was stronger when the criterion was conservative rather than liberal. We conclude that the sensory threshold for oculomotor freezing is independent of decision bias. Provided that conscious experience is also unaffected by such bias, oculomotor freezing is an implicit indicator of sensory awareness. New & NoteworthySometimes a visual stimulus reaches awareness, and sometimes it does not. To understand why, we need objective, bias-free measures of awareness. We discovered that a reflexive freezing of small eye movements indicates when an observer detects a stimulus. Furthermore, when we biased observers decisions to report seeing the stimulus, the oculomotor reflex was unaltered. This suggests that the threshold for conscious perception is independent of the decision criterion and is revealed by oculomotor freezing.
In this paper, we investigate twist sequences for Kauffman finite-type invariants and Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants. It is shown that one obtains a Kauffman or GPV type of degree $\le n$ if and only if an invariant is a polynomial of degree $\le n$ on every twist lattice of the right form. The main result of this paper is an application of this technique to the coefficients of the Jones-Kauffman polynomial. It is shown that the Kauffman finite-type invariants obtained from these coefficients are not GPV finite-type invariants of any degree by explicitly showing they can never be polynomials. This generalizes a result of Kauffman, where it is known for degree $k=2$.
The job he was appointed to do or the job Trump asked him to do? You know, "He's a good guy. I hope you can let this go," wink, wink. Here's where the right will say "See! He didn't tell him to drop the investigation!" That is correct. He didn't say that. But anyone with common sense knows what Trump was saying. And if you Trumpies claim this wouldn't seal the deal for you if it was Hillary or Obama, I'd have a real hard time believing you.
Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) experiments at the planned Electron-Ion Collider will be affected by details of the hadron formation inside the nuclear volume. Besides semi-inclusive particle production experiments decays of the target nucleus via emission of neutrons provide an additional opportunity to probe this domain. This paper reports on the hybrid dynamical+statistical calculations of low-energy neutron production in muon- and virtual photon-induced collisions with nuclei. We confirm the conclusion that the E665 data on neutron production in $\mu^-$ + Pb DIS at 470 GeV indicate a strong suppression of the final state interaction for hadrons with momenta above $\sim 1$ GeV/c. Ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) can be used to test this suppression. The calculations of the neutron multiplicity distributions and $p_t$-spectra in photon - nucleus collisions at the energies accessible at the LHC and RHIC are presented for several models of hadron formation. We argue that studies of neutron production in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions open a new window on the small-$x$ dynamics and hadron component of the photon wave function.
The product was incomplete when I received it, the ... The product was incomplete when I received it, the picture on Amazon showed a controller and a remote included and when the order arrived it did not include what was pictured. The controller and remote were missing. I returned it for a refund.
The rising of multiresistant bacterial pathogens is currently one of the most critical threats to global health, demanding a better understanding of the origin and spread of antibiotic resistance. In this regard, the resistome hosted by the microbiota from natural and remote environments remains poorly explored. Moreover, little is known about the availability of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) from these environments to be disseminated through horizontal transfer, potentially mediating the rise of novel resistance factors among clinically relevant pathogens. In this context, the North Antarctica soils are attractive ecosystems to study due to the presence of a microbiota naturally adapted to thrive in harsh conditions, including potential factors to resist natural toxic substances. In this work, we evaluated the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from soils collected in humanized and non-intervened areas of North Antarctica. We identified resistance to a wide array of antibiotics, with isolates harboring up to 10 simultaneous resistances, mainly native Pseudomonas. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a wide array of genes encoding efflux pumps but the lack of genes explaining some of the resistance phenotypes, suggesting novel uncharacterized mechanisms. Also, using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing, we explored the microbial diversity in the sampled soils and evaluated the presence of ARGs and their host microbiota. High microbial diversity was found in all the sites, with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Acidobacteriota, and Verrucomicrobiota being the most abundant Phyla, while Candidatus Udaeobacter, RB41, Polaromonas, and Ferruginibacter the most abundant genera. We identified hundreds of genes potentially conferring resistance to more than 15 drug classes, both by short reads analyses and ARG detection among assembled contigs and MAGs obtained combining short and long-read sequence data. Polaromonas, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Variovorax, Bhurkolderia, and Gemmatimonas were the main host taxa of the identified ARGs. Part of these ARGs was found inside predicted plasmids, including a putative OXA-like beta-lactamase from Polaromonas harboring the key conserved residues of this kind of enzyme and a conserved predicted protein structure. All this evidence indicates that microbial communities from North Antarctica soil have a highly diverse natural resistome, part of it located inside mobile genetic elements, which would act as a source of novel ARGs.
New physics at the weak scale that can couple to quarks typically gives rise to unacceptably large flavor changing neutral currents. An attractive way to avoid this problem is to impose the principal of minimal flavor violation (MFV). Recently it was noted that in MFV only scalars with the same gauge quantum numbers as the standard model Higgs doublet or color octet scalars with the same weak quantum numbers as the Higgs doublet can couple to quarks. In this paper we compute the one-loop rate for production of a single color octet scalar through gluon fusion at the LHC, which can become greater than the tree level pair production rate for octet scalar masses around a TeV. We also calculate the precision electroweak constraint from Z decays to a b and anti-b quark; this constraint on color octet mass and Yukawa coupling affects the allowed range for single octet scalar production through gluon fusion.
Social media texts differ from regular texts in various aspects. One of the main differences is the common use of informal name variants instead of well-formed named entities in social media compared to regular texts. These name variants may come in the form of abbreviations, nicknames, contractions, and hypocoristic uses, in addition to names distorted due to capitalization and writing errors. In this paper, we present an analysis of the named entities in a publicly-available tweet dataset in Turkish with respect to their being name variants belonging to different categories. We also provide finer-grained annotations of the named entities as well-formed names and different categories of name variants, where these annotations are made publicly-available. The analysis presented and the accompanying annotations will contribute to related research on the treatment of named entities in social media.
We analyze Loewner traces driven by functions asymptotic to K\sqrt{1-t}. We prove a stability result when K is not 4 and show that K=4 can lead to non locally connected hulls. As a consequence, we obtain a driving term \lambda(t) so that the hulls driven by K\lambda(t) are generated by a continuous curve for all K > 0 with K not equal to 4 but not when K = 4, so that the space of driving terms with continuous traces is not convex. As a byproduct, we obtain an explicit construction of the traces driven by K\sqrt{1-t} and a conceptual proof of the corresponding results of Kager, Nienhuis and Kadanoff, math-ph/0309006
The interplay between uniaxial strain and charging effects in zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) is investigated by using non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The I-V characteristic curves and especially negative differential resistance (NDR) induced by some quantum selection rules are affected by the type, strength and also direction of the applied strain. For the oblique strain, the parity conservation fails while it conserves at the longitudinal and transverse strains. Therefore, in the oblique strain, on-off current ratio drastically decreases in compared to the un-strained case. For the tensile strain along the ribbon axis, $ I_{on}/I_{off} $ ratio increases while for the compressive strain, NDR will be gradually disappeared. This property can be useful for nano-electromechanical switch in which by changing the tensile to compressive strain, current switches between its on and off-current state. Furthermore, under influence of the oblique uniaxial strain, the geometry symmetry of charge accumulation as well as bond local currents will be broken across ZGNR giving rise to a transverse current between upper and lower edges of the nanoribbon. This transverse current would be enhanced by the strain strength where gradient of charge density would be maximum at the off-current state.
Charged impurity (CI) scattering is one of the dominant factors that affect the carrier mobility in graphene. In this paper, we use Raman spectroscopy to probe the charged impurities in suspended graphene. We find that the 2D band intensity is very sensitive to the CI concentration in graphene, while the G band intensity is not affected. The intensity ratio between the 2D and G bands, I2D/IG, of suspended graphene is much stronger compared to that of non-suspended graphene, due to the extremely weak CI scattering in the former. This finding is consistent with the ultra-high carrier mobility in suspended graphene observed in recent transport measurements. Our results also suggest that at low CI concentrations that are critical for device applications, the I2D/IG ratio is a better criterion in selecting high quality single layer graphene samples than is the G band blue shift.
We present the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Object Monitor (SVOM), a future satellite mission for Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) studies, developed in cooperation between the Chinese National Space Agency (CNSA), the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), the French Space Agency (CNES) and French research institutes. The scientific objectives of the SVOM GRB studies cover their classification (GRB diversity and unity of the model), their physics (particle acceleration and radiation mechanisms), their progenitors, cosmological studies (host galaxies, star formation history, re-ionization, cosmological parameters), and fundamental physics (origin of cosmic rays, Lorentz invariance, gravitational wave sources). From 2015 on, SVOM will provide fast and accurate localizations of all known types of GRB, and determine the temporal and spectral properties of the GRB emission, thanks to a set of four onboard instruments. The trigger system of the coded-mask telescope ECLAIRs onboard SVOM images the sky in the 4-120 keV energy range, in order to detect and localize GRB in its 2 sr-wide field of view. The low-energy threshold of ECLAIRs is well suited for the detection of highly red-shifted GRB. The high-energy coverage is extended up to 5 MeV thanks to a non-imaging gamma-ray spectrometer. GRB alerts are sent in real-time to the ground observers community, and a spacecraft slew is performed in order to place the GRB within the narrow fields of view of a soft X-ray telescope and a visible-band telescope, to refine the GRB position and study its early afterglow. Ground-based robotic telescopes and wide-angle cameras complement the onboard instruments. A large fraction of GRB will have redshift determinations, thanks to an observing strategy optimized to facilitate follow-up observations by large ground-based spectroscopic telescopes.
We demonstrate the possibility of existence of meta-stable N-body Efimov states in trapped Bose systems with large scattering length. We calculate spectra of trapped systems of N=3,4,5,6, and 7 bosons using a stochastic variational method with a restricted correlated Gaussian basis. For each system the calculations reveal a series of Efimov states where the energy and the r.m.s. radius exhibit the characteristic exponential dependence upon the state number. We also estimate the contribution of these states to the recombination rate of Bose-Einstein condensates.
I am a big fan of the original book and this adaption is simply bad. First of all, it had trouble deciding if it is a kiddie toon or an adult one, that caused a strange mix of an adult story and some pretty violent scenes with a silly little duck that keeps giving "funny" moments in the beginning.<br /><br />But that's hardly important, the film is simply boring, unmoving and not true to the original story. It simply fails to transfer to the picture all the points Orwell tried to make to his book.<br /><br />{SPOILER}<br /><br />Second revolution?!! Haven't they guys learned anything?? Who be the next Napoleon then? Benjamin?!!
Using self-consistent chemodynamical simulations including star formation, supernova feedback, and chemical enrichment, I show the dependence of cosmic star formation and chemical enrichment histories on the initial mass function (IMF). The effects of Pop-III IMF can be only seen in the elemental abundance ratios at z>4 or [Fe/H]<-2. The preferable IMF has a flatter slope in the case of high star formation rate (SFR) and smaller upper-mass (~20Msun) in the case of low SFR, which is consistent with the observed elemental abundances of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. However, the [alpha/Fe] problem of elliptical galaxies may require other solutions.
While I agree with the basic thrust of your comment, it seems to me that First Nations peoples have both the burden and the potential benefit and joy of belonging to both their particular and the general culture and society. We all benefit if First Nations individuals can fully engage as members of their Frrst Nation and of the larger society and culture. This undoubtedly entails a lot of complexity, extra work and sources for potential confusion for the individuals, their First Nation community and the general society. However, it is hard and costly for First Nations individuals (the majority of whom now live and/or work outside their First Nation traditional territories to avoid full impact of the larger society. Individuals shouldn't be expected to choose between 2 somewhat mutually exclusive options in these circumstances.
The IKKT model is proposed as a non-perturbative formulation of superstring theory. We propose a Dirac operator on the noncommutative torus,which is consistent with the IKKT model, based on noncommutative geometry. Next, we consider zero-mode equations of the Dirac operator with magnetic fluxes. We find that zero-mode solutions have the chirality and the generation structures similar to the commutative case. Moreover, we compute Yukawa couplings of chiral matter fields.
The good and not so good! I like the iron upon opening the box. Nice look and weight, but problems immediately started. Regardless of the stream setting: off, low, medium...the maximum amount of steam came from the iron. The high steam setting would not engage. There were scratches on both sides of the iron above the soleplate. Would appear I was not sent a new iron. Returning for a replacement and will try again.
Easy Installation---Use not so much The switch installs easy enough. Just make sure you add a neutral wire pigtail (this will not work with a dead end switch that does not have a neutral junction back t the electrical panel). Setup was easy as well. However execution is sketchy at best when used with Smart Life Smarthome app. Opening app will show "Offline" on switch. (I have two of these switches installed and both follow this review). Sometimes the switch will come back online in 15 seconds or so. Other times, it will not come back online. The switches are presumably within strong wifi signal reception area (I have three wifi outlets within 6 feet of the the switches that work flawlessly). Will be trying another wifi brand to see if I can alleviate the connection issue. My main beef is I have set up timers on the switches and outlets. The outlets as mentioned work flawlessly but with the connection issue, the switches fail to follow the timer and will only work if I walk over and manually operate. Kind of negates the installation.
We use multi-scale SPH simulations to follow the inflow of gas from galactic scales to <0.1pc, where the gas begins to resemble a traditional Keplerian accretion disk. The key ingredients are gas, stars, black holes (BHs), self-gravity, star formation, and stellar feedback. We use ~100 simulations to survey a large parameter space of galaxy properties and subgrid models for the ISM physics. We generate initial conditions for our simulations of galactic nuclei (<~300pc) using galaxy scale simulations, including both major mergers and isolated bar-(un)stable disk galaxies. For sufficiently gas-rich, disk-dominated systems, a series of gravitational instabilities generates large accretion rates of up to 1-10 M_sun/yr onto the BH (at <<0.1pc); sufficient to fuel the most luminous quasars. The BH accretion rate is highly time variable, given fixed conditions at ~kpc. At >~10pc, our simulations resemble the 'bars within bars' model, but the gas exhibits diverse morphologies, including spirals, rings, clumps, and bars; their duty cycle is modest, complicating attempts to correlate BH accretion with nuclear morphology. At ~1-10pc, the gravitational potential becomes dominated by the BH and bar-like modes are no longer present. However, the gas becomes unstable to a standing, eccentric disk or a single-armed spiral mode (m=1), driving the gas to sub-pc scales. Proper treatment of this mode requires including star formation and the self-gravity of both the stars and gas. We predict correlations between BHAR and SFR at different galactic nuclei: nuclear SF is more tightly coupled to AGN activity, but correlations exist at all scales.