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Cornelius [N] [E] [H] (of a horn ), a Roman centurion of the Italian cohort stationed in Caesarea, ( Acts 10:1 ) etc., a man full of good works and alms-deeds. With his household he was baptized by St. Peter, and thus Cornelius became the firstfruits of the Gentile world to Christ.
Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).
World championships \| Ludo Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia ILU The World Ludo Championships are played every four years to determine the world champions of ludo. The championships currently consist of six events. In addition to the team event (the "Riber Cup") and the pairs event, four individual titles are contested: the open event (usually referred to simply as the "world championship"), open to players of all genders and ages, as well as separate events for women, juniors (Under 22), and veterans (50+). The first world championships were held in 1919 with 16 players from 4 countries, competing in two events (individual and team). The latest championships were held in 2011; the next will take place in December 2015. Contents Edit Originally, countries were divided into two tiers. The so-called test nations or "full members" of the ILU automatically qualified for the team event, while all other countries had to go through a qualification tournament (before World War II) or qualify via the continental championships. Today all countries have to qualify. Similarly, each test nation originally had a certain number of fixed places in the individual event. Furthermore, until 2003 the reigning individual world champion qualified directly for the final and only had to defend their title in that one match against three challengers. Since 2007, the reigning champion "only" qualifies directly for the tournament, but has to play through all four rounds to retain the title. Team matches are played in the standard format with four-man teams and 8-game matches. Each team is allowed a maximum of two alternates - for a total of six players - which can be used at will. The individual open event is played over four rounds with matches of 8, 8, 12, and 16 games, respectively - the world championship final is the only match in tournament ludo to be played over 16 games. In the women's, junior, and veteran events the finals are played over 12 games. History Edit The idea of a tournament to determine the strongest player in the world dates back to the earliest years of ludo. The two inventors of the modern game, K. H. Olsson and James Preston , were also the brains behind this concept, and in the years leading up to World War I they discussed it with their counterparts overseas. Plans were in the works to stage a tournament in 1914 or 15, but the war put an end end to that. It wasn't until 1919, when international ludo activities resumed, that the plans were fully realized and the first world ludo championships became a reality, to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in December of that year. Pre-World War II (1919-35) Edit Four countries were arranging their own ludo events - both open tournaments and national championships - at the time: Denmark , Great Britain , the United States , and Australia . Representatives of these four met in Copenhagen in December 1919 to with two purposes. One was to create an international ludo federation - thus the ILLU was born. The governing body of ludo worldwide still holds its congress every fours years in conjunction with the world championships. The other purpose of the meeting in Copenhagen was the staging of a tournament to determine the best ludo player and the best team in the world. 16 players took part in the individual tournament, which was won by the host nation's Einar Jensen , who also captained the Danish team to victory in the team tournament. The trophy awarded to the winners was a sight to behold: made in pure gold and already valued at £ 10,000 at the time, it is considered priceless today. The name of the trophy was decided by James Preston , one of the two creators of the tournament. According to his own version of the story, he was struggling to come up with an appropriate name when his wife's cat jumped unto his desk, causing papers and documents to fly all over the place.The name of the cat was Riber (pronounced REE-ber) - and so the Riber Cup became the name of the most prestigious trophy in ludo. ...
Entropy The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases. Such systems spontaneously evolve towards thermodynamic equilibrium, the state with maximum entropy. Non-isolated systems may lose entropy, provided their environment's entropy increases by at least that amount so that the total entropy increases. Entropy is a function of the state of the system, so the change in entropy of a system is determined by its initial and final states. In the idealization that a process is reversible, the entropy does not change, while irreversible processes always increase the total entropy.
Anthony Paul Meindl -LRB- born January 14 , 1968 -RRB- is an American screenwriter , stage and film actor , and founder and artistic director at the MetaTheatre Company and Anthony Meindl 's Actor Workshop in Los Angeles . The workshop has since expanded to locations in New York City , London , Sydney , Melbourne , and Vancouver . In the 1990s , Meindl played a character who was a genie named `` Hard Hat Harry '' in a number of video cassettes and DVDs aimed at introducing children to trucks , cars , construction vehicles , and others -LRB- usually using the name `` Anthony Paul '' -RRB- . He worked and lived in New York in the early 1990s and moved to Los Angeles in 1997 . He has been in many commercials for products and companies including Diet Coke , Philips Electronics , Bank of America , Nissan , Michelob Lite , Sears , Acura , Del Taco , Mervyns , and Behr Paint . He has also appeared in non-Broadway stage productions of Titus Andronicus , Merrily We Roll Along , and the LA Weekly Award-nominated Cabaret . He is openly gay . His film credits are almost exclusively gay-related , including the 1997 gay-themed drama David Searching , the 1998 gay-themed drama Minor Details , and the 2000 gay-themed comedy/drama Get Your Stuff . His latest film role was in the 2005 mystery comedy Death of a Saleswoman . He also appeared in a 1998 episode of Will & Grace . He has coached and worked with Shailene Woodley , Ashley Greene , Agnes Bruckner , Nick Robinson , Chace Crawford , Cory Monteith , Dania Ramirez , Sasha Alexander , Chris Owen , Stevie Lynn Jones , Dree Hemingway , Michael Lomenda , JC Chasez , China Chow , Brock Kelly , Judith Hill , Samantha Mumba , Rocco DiSpirito , Olivia Holt , Ian Harding , Alexandra Daddario , Edy Ganem , Trevor Donovan , Daniel Cudmore , Charlie Bewley , Ashton Holmes , Larissa Oleynik , Lorenza Izzo , Carmen Electra , Allison Miller , Jenna Dewan-Tatum , Lucy Fry , Josh Zuckerman , Sadie Calvano , Taryn Southern , Ryan Rottman , Chaz Bono , Jill Wagner , Joe Slaughter , Mark Hapka , Matt Dallas , Brad Rowe , and Quddus Phillippe . Meindl 's first feature screenplay , The Wonder Girls , was the Grand Prize Winning Feature Screenplay in the Slamdance Film Festival Screenplay Competition in 2007 . He was nominated as Best Director for the LA Weekly Awards two years in a row for Best Comedy -LRB- Swimming In The Shallows -RRB- and Best Drama -LRB- Dogs Barking -RRB- . The casts for both shows -LRB- members of MetaTheatre Company , his acting studio -RRB- were also nominated as Best Ensemble in a Comedy and Best Ensemble in a Drama . His first short , `` Ready ? OK ! '' , played in over a dozen International Film Festivals , winning numerous `` Best of '' Awards and premiered on MTV 's LOGO Network in 2009 as part of their `` Click List : Best In Short Film Series . '' It won the 2008 Planet Out Scion Viewer 's Choice Short Film Awards . Meindl 's first feature film , Birds of A Feather -LRB- 2011 -RRB- won him Best Director awards at the 2012 Downtown LA Film Festival and the 2013 Golden Door Film Festival and the Spirit of the Festival Award at the 2012 Honolulu Rainbow Film Festival . The film features Academy Award winner , Olympia Dukakis , Bruce Vilanch and Trevor Donovan . He is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post , The Daily Love , and Backstage .
The Day of the Dead November 1st, Dia de los innocents, All Saintï¿½s Day November 2nd - the Day of the Dead, All Soulï¿½s Day Celebrating The Day of the Dead has a long history in Mexican Tradition. The Day of the dead is celebrated on November 2nd. Sometime one hears reference to ï¿½the days of the Deadï¿½ which refers to the Days of October 31 ï¿½ November 2. October 31 is Halloween or All Hallows eve. November 1 is ï¿½el Dia de los innnocentesï¿½ or the day of the children and All Saints Day. November second is All Souls Day or the Day of the Dead. Some Christianï¿½s hold to the belief structure that every day should be treated like Christmas, - as every day Christï¿½s love is born and should be celebrated. Therefore, the positive, compassionate attitude that is associated with the Christmas season would ideally be maintained throughout the year. Christmas Day is celebrated formally to remind us of this value. The day of the Dead is similar. During the days of the Dead, some believe that the souls of the departed return to earth to visit with and to provide council or give advice to family and loved ones. There is a belief that this is true every day, but that November 2nd is the day set aside to remember and honor those who have past. In Mexico, there is a tradition of visiting gravesites. Unlike the United States where graveyards are privately owned and maintained, graveyards in Mexico are often publicly owned or managed by local churches. It is up to the families of the deceased and other community members to maintain the graves. The Day of the Dead is a time of celebration and remembrance of loved ones who have passed away, much like Memorial Day in the United States. During the days of the dead, the family often takes the opportunity to visit the gravesite and pull weeds, clean any debris and decorate the graves of loved ones. Often candles, flowers and the favorite foods of the deceased are placed on the grave and the family visits, eats, sings and tells favorite stories about those who have passed. In the United States or for those for whom visiting the gravesite is not viable, (often graveyards are closed during the evening hours) the tradition has been adapted. Many set up altars in their homes and often communities host a variety of events. In Albuquerqueï¿½s south valley the Marigold parade and celebration at the West Side Community Center is one such event. Altars are usually decorated with flowers, candles, pan de muerto, ceramic skulls, and most importantly pictures of loved ones. Food placed on the altar consists of the loved ones favorite dishes and treats. Drinks should be placed in the altar to quench the thirst of the dead after their long journey back home. In many villages it is customary to offer alcoholic beverages. Salt is considered the spice of life and is one the staples that are often left at the altar. The scents of marigolds as well as burning copal (a resin of the copal tree) are thought to be most beloved by the spirits of the dead and invite them back home. The rituals used to celebrate the day are varied and colorful. Yet, all carry the same message, celebrating the day of the dead is a true celebration of life. For more on the Day of the Dead:
Gotham (season 4) The season received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who cited the character development, writing and action sequences as highlights of the season, with some calling it the best season yet. The premiere was watched by 3.21 million viewers with a 1.0 in the 18â€“49 demo, which was a 17% decline from the previous season premiere but on par with last season's average.[1] Despite remaining with consistent ratings throughout the first half of the season, the second half experienced new series lows in the spring and being in danger of cancellation. Despite the ratings drop, Fox renewed the show for a fifth and final season on May 13, 2018.[2]
James and the Giant Peach is a 1996 British-American musical fantasy film directed by Henry Selick, based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. It was produced by Tim Burton and Denise Di Novi, directed by Henry Selick, and starred Paul Terry as James. The film is a combination of live action and stop-motion animation. Co-stars Joanna Lumley and Miriam Margolyes played James's aunts in the live-action segments, and Simon Callow, Richard Dreyfuss, Susan Sarandon, Jane Leeves, David Thewlis, and Margoyles voiced his insect friends in the animation sequences.
By withdrawing our resolution, I am nevertheless convinced that our Parliament would have done better to its voice heard by spending, for the Council of Nice, a resolution specific and separate with so important and so difficult issues to the Intergovernmental Conference, rather than to deal with them in the context of a single resolution including also all the other items on the agenda of the Council.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHOTOSYNTHESISTable of Contents What is Photosynthesis? \| Leaves and Leaf Structure \| The Nature of Light \| Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments The structure of the chloroplast and photosynthetic membranes \| Stages of Photosynthesis \| The Light Reactions Dark Reaction \| C-4 Pathway \| The Carbon Cycle \| Learning Objectives \| Terms \| Review Questions \| Links What is Photosynthesis? \| Back to Top Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, whichcellular respiration converts into ATP , the "fuel" used by all living things. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll . Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive. Oh yes, we need the food as well!We can write the overall reaction of this process as:6H2O + 6CO2----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2Most of us don't speak chemicalese, so the above chemical equation translates as:six molecules of water plus six molecules of carbon dioxide produce one molecule of sugar plus six molecules of oxygen Diagram of a typical plant, showing the inputs and outputs of the photosynthetic process. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Leaves and Leaf Structure \| Back to Top Plants are the only photosynthetic organisms to have leaves (and not all plants have leaves). A leaf may be viewed as a solar collector crammed full of photosynthetic cells. The raw materials of photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide, enter the cells of the leaf, and the products of photosynthesis, sugar and oxygen, leave the leaf. Cross section of a leaf, showing the anatomical features important to the study of photosynthesis: stoma, guard cell, mesophyll cells, and vein. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Water enters the root and is transported up to the leaves through specialized plant cells known as xylem (pronounces zigh-lem). Land plants must guard against drying out (desiccation) and so have evolved specialized structures known as stomata to allow gas to enter and leave the leaf. Carbon dioxide cannot pass through the protective waxy layer covering the leaf (cuticle), but it can enter the leaf through an opening (the stoma; plural = stomata; Greek for hole) flanked by two guard cells. Likewise, oxygen produced during photosynthesis can only pass out of the leaf through the opened stomata. Unfortunately for the plant, while these gases are moving between the inside and outside of the leaf, a great deal water is also lost. Cottonwood trees, for example, will lose 100 gallons of water per hour during hot desert days. Carbon dioxide enters single-celled and aquatic autotrophs through no specialized structures. Pea Leaf Stoma, Vicea sp. (SEM x3,520). This image is copyright Dennis Kunkel at www. Dennis Kunkel.com , used with permission. The Nature of Light \| Back to Top White light is separated into the different colors (=wavelengths) of light by passing it through a prism. Wavelength is defined as the distance from peak to peak (or trough to trough). The energy of is inversely porportional to the wavelength: longer wavelengths have less energy than do shorter ones. Wavelength and other saspects of the wave nature of light. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The order of colors is determined by the wavelength of light. Visible light is one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer the wavelength of visible light, the more red the color. Likewise the shorter wavelengths are towards the violet side of the spectrum. Wavelengths longer than red are referred to as infrared, while those shorter than violet are ultraviolet. The electromagnetic spectrum. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Light behaves both as a wave and a particle. Wave properties of light include the bending of the wave path when passing from one material (medium) into another (i.e. the prism, rainbows, pencil in a glass-of-water, etc.). The particle properties are demonstrated by the photoelectric effect. Zinc exposed to ultraviolet light becomes positively charged because light energy forces electrons from the zinc. These electrons can create an electrical current. Sodium, potassium and selenium have critical wavelengths in the visible light range. The critical wavelength is the maximum wavelength of light (visible or invisible) that creates a photoelectric effect. Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments \| Back to Top A pigment is any substance that absorbs light. The color of the pigment comes from the wavelengths of light reflected (in other words, those not absorbed). Chlorophyll , the green pigment common to all photosynthetic cells, absorbs all wavelengths of visible light except green, which it reflects to be detected by our eyes. Black pigments absorb all of the wavelengths that strike them. White pigments/lighter colors reflect all or almost all of the energy striking them. Pigments have their own characteristic absorption spectra, the absorption pattern of a given pigment. Absorption and transmission of different wavelengths of light by a hypothetical pigment. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Several modifications of chlorophyll occur among plants and other photosynthetic organisms. All photosynthetic organisms (plants, certain protistans, prochlorobacteria, and cyanobacteria) have chlorophyll a. Accessory pigments absorb energy that chlorophyll a does not absorb. Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b (also c, d, and e in algae and protistans), xanthophylls, and carotenoids (such as beta-carotene). Chlorophyll a absorbs its energy from the Violet-Blue and Reddish orange-Red wavelengths, and little from the intermediate (Green-Yellow-Orange) wavelengths. Molecular model of chlorophyll. The above image is from http://www.nyu.edu:80/pages/mathmol/library/photo. Molecular model of carotene. The above image is from http://www.nyu.edu:80/pages/mathmol/library/photo. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b absorb some of the energy in the green wavelength. Why not so much in the orange and yellow wavelengths? Both chlorophylls also absorb in the orange-red end of the spectrum (with longer wavelengths and lower energy). The origins of photosynthetic organisms in the sea may account for this. Shorter wavelengths (with more energy) do not penetrate much below 5 meters deep in sea water. The ability to absorb some energy from the longer (hence more penetrating) wavelengths might have been an advantage to early photosynthetic algae that were not able to be in the upper ( photic) zone of the sea all the time. The molecular structure of chlorophylls. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The action spectrum of photosynthesis is the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light at generating electrons. If a pigment absorbs light energy, one of three things will occur. Energy is dissipated as heat. The energy may be emitted immediately as a longer wavelength, a phenomenon known as fluorescence. Energy may trigger a chemical reaction, as in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll only triggers a chemical reaction when it is associated with proteins embedded in a membrane (as in a chloroplast) or the membrane infoldings found in photosynthetic prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria and prochlorobacteria. Absorption spectrum of several plant pigments (left) and action spectrum of elodea (right), a common aquarium plant used in lab experiments about photosynthesis. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The structure of the chloroplast and photosynthetic membranes \| Back to Top The thylakoid is the structural unit of photosynthesis. Both photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes have these flattened sacs/vesicles containing photosynthetic chemicals. Only eukaryotes have chloroplasts with a surrounding membrane. Thylakoids are stacked like pancakes in stacks known collectively as grana . The areas between grana are referred to as stroma . While the mitochondrion has two membrane systems, the chloroplast has three, forming three compartments. Structure of a chloroplast. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Stages of Photosynthesis \| Back to Top Photosynthesis is a two stage process. The first process is the Light Dependent Process ( Light Reactions ), requires the direct energy of light to make energy carrier molecules that are used in the second process. The Light Independent Process (or Dark Reactions) occurs when the products of the Light Reaction are used to form C-C covalent bonds of carbohydrates. The Dark Reactions can usually occur in the dark, if the energy carriers from the light process are present. Recent evidence suggests that a major enzyme of the Dark Reaction is indirectly stimulated by light, thus the term Dark Reaction is somewhat of a misnomer. The Light Reactions occur in the grana and the Dark Reactions take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Overview of the two steps in the photosynthesis process. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Light Reactions \| Back to Top In the Light Dependent Processes (Light Reactions) light strikes chlorophyll a in such a way as to excite electrons to a higher energy state. In a series of reactions the energy is converted (along an electron transport process) into ATP and NADPH . Water is split in the process, releasing oxygen as a by-product of the reaction. The ATP and NADPH are used to make C-C bonds in the Light Independent Process (Dark Reactions). In the Light Independent Process, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (or water for aquatic/marine organisms) is captured and modified by the addition of Hydrogen to form carbohydrates (general formula of carbohydrates is [CH 2 O] n ). The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds is known as carbon fixation. The energy for this comes from the first phase of the photosynthetic process. Living systems cannot directly utilize light energy, but can, through a complicated series of reactions, convert it into C-C bond energy that can be released by glycolysis and other metabolic processes. Photosystems are arrangements of chlorophyll and other pigments packed into thylakoids. Many Prokaryotes have only one photosystem, Photosystem II (so numbered because, while it was most likely the first to evolve, it was the second one discovered). Eukaryotes have Photosystem II plus Photosystem I. Photosystem I uses chlorophyll a, in the form referred to as P700. Photosystem II uses a form of chlorophyll a known as P680. Both "active" forms of chlorophyll a function in photosynthesis due to their association with proteins in the thylakoid membrane. Action of a photosystem. This image is from the University of Minnesota page at http://genbiol.cbs.umn.edu/Multimedia/examples.html. Photophosphorylation is the process of converting energy from a light-excited electron into the pyrophosphate bond of an ADP molecule. This occurs when the electrons from water are excited by the light in the presence of P680. The energy transfer is similar to the chemiosmotic electron transport occurring in the mitochondria. Light energy causes the removal of an electron from a molecule of P680 that is part of Photosystem II. The P680 requires an electron, which is taken from a water molecule, breaking the water into H + ions and O -2 ions. These O -2 ions combine to form the diatomic O 2 that is released. The electron is "boosted" to a higher energy state and attached to a primary electron acceptor, which begins a series of redox reactions, passing the electron through a series of electron carriers, eventually attaching it to a molecule in Photosystem I. Light acts on a molecule of P700 in Photosystem I, causing an electron to be "boosted" to a still higher potential. The electron is attached to a different primary electron acceptor (that is a different molecule from the one associated with Photosystem II). The electron is passed again through a series of redox reactions, eventually being attached to NADP + and H + to form NADPH, an energy carrier needed in the Light Independent Reaction. The electron from Photosystem II replaces the excited electron in the P700 molecule. There is thus a continuous flow of electrons from water to NADPH. This energy is used in Carbon Fixation. Cyclic Electron Flow occurs in some eukaryotes and primitive photosynthetic bacteria. No NADPH is produced, only ATP. This occurs when cells may require additional ATP, or when there is no NADP + to reduce to NADPH. In Photosystem II, the pumping to H ions into the thylakoid and the conversion of ADP + P into ATP is driven by electron gradients established in the thylakoid membrane. Noncyclic photophosphorylation (top) and cyclic photophosphorylation (bottom). These processes are better known as the light reactions. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The above diagrams present the "old" view of photophosphorylation. We now know where the process occurs in the chloroplast, and can link that to chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis as it operates in photophosphorylation within a chloroplast. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. Halobacteria, which grow in extremely salty water, are facultative aerobes, they can grow when oxygen is absent. Purple pigments, known as retinal (a pigment also found in the human eye) act similar to chlorophyll. The complex of retinal and membrane proteins is known as bacteriorhodopsin, which generates electrons which establish a proton gradient that powers an ADP-ATP pump, generating ATP from sunlight without chlorophyll. This supports the theory that chemiosmotic processes are universal in their ability to generate ATP. Dark Reaction \| Back to Top Carbon-Fixing Reactions are also known as the Dark Reactions (or Light Independent Reactions). Carbon dioxide enters single-celled and aquatic autotrophs through no specialized structures, diffusing into the cells. Land plants must guard against drying out (desiccation) and so have evolved specialized structures known as stomata to allow gas to enter and leave the leaf. The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts (where would it occur in a prokaryote?). Carbon dioxide is captured by the chemical ribulose biphosphate (Ru BP ). Ru BP is a 5-C chemical. Six molecules of carbon dioxide enter the Calvin Cycle, eventually producing one molecule of glucose. The reactions in this process were worked out by Melvin Calvin (shown below). The above image is from http://www-itg.lbl.gov/Img Lib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB/PEOPLE/INDIVIDUALS/index/BIOCHEM_523.html , Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. " One of the new areas, cultivated both in Donner and the Old Radiation Laboratory, was the study of organic compounds labeled with carbon-14. Melvin Calvin took charge of this work at the end of the war in order to provide raw materials for John Lawrence's researches and for his own study of photosynthesis. Using carbon-14, available in plenty from Hanford reactors, and the new techniques of ion exchange, paper chromatography, and radioautography, Calvin and his many associates mapped the complete path of carbon in photosynthesis. The accomplishment brought him the Nobel prize in chemistry in 1961. (The preceding information was excerpted from the text of the Fall 1981 issue of LBL Newsmagazine.) Citation Caption: LBL News, Vol.6, No.3, Fall 1981 Melvin Calvin shown with some of the apparatus he used to study the role of carbon in photosynthesis. "The first steps in the Calvin ccycle. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The first stable product of the Calvin Cycle is phosphoglycerate (PGA), a 3-C chemical. The energy from ATP and NADPH energy carriers generated by the photosystems is used to attach phosphates to ( phosphorylate ) the PGA. Eventually there are 12 molecules of glyceraldehyde phosphate (also known as phosphoglyceraldehyde or PGAL, a 3-C), two of which are removed from the cycle to make aglucose . The remaining PGAL molecules are converted by ATP energy to reform 6 Ru BP molecules, and thus start the cycle again. Remember the complexity of life, each reaction in this process, as in Kreb's Cycle, is catalyzed by a different reaction-specificenzyme. C-4 Pathway \| Back to Top Some plants have developed a preliminary step to the Calvin Cycle (which is also referred to as a C-3 pathway), this preamble step is known as C-4. While most C-fixation begins with Ru BP, C-4 begins with a new molecule, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a 3-C chemical that is converted into oxaloacetic acid (OAA, a 4-C chemical) when carbon dioxide is combined with PEP. The OAA is converted to Malic Acid and then transported from the mesophyll cell into the bundle-sheath cell, where OAA is broken down into PEP plus carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide then enters the Calvin Cycle, with PEP returning to the mesophyll cell. The resulting sugars are now adjacent to the leaf veins and can readily be transported throughout the plant. C-4 photosynthsis involves the separation of carbon fixation and carbohydrate systhesis in space and time. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The capture of carbon dioxide by PEP is mediated by the enzyme PEP carboxylase, which has a stronger affinity for carbon dioxide than does Ru BP carboxylase When carbon dioxide levels decline below the threshold for Ru BP carboxylase, Ru BP is catalyzed with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. The product of that reaction forms glycolic acid, a chemical that can be broken down by photorespiration, producing neither NADH nor ATP, in effect dismantling the Calvin Cycle. C-4 plants, which often grow close together, have had to adjust to decreased levels of carbon dioxide by artificially raising the carbon dioxide concentration in certain cells to prevent photorespiration. C-4 plants evolved in the tropics and are adapted to higher temperatures than are the C-3 plants found at higher latitudes. Common C-4 plants include crabgrass, corn, and sugar cane. Note that OAA and Malic Acid also have functions in other processes, thus the chemicals would have been present in all plants, leading scientists to hypothesize that C-4 mechanisms evolved several times independently in response to a similar environmental condition, a type of evolution known as convergent evolution. Photorespiration. Image from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. We can see anatomical differences between C3 and C4 leaves. Leaf anatomy of a C3 (top) and C4 (bottom) plant. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates ( www.sinauer.com ) and WH Freeman ( www.whfreeman.com ), used with permission. The Carbon Cycle \| Back to Top Plants may be viewed as carbon sinks , removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and oceans by fixing it into organic chemicals. Plants also produce some carbon dioxide by their respiration, but this is quickly used by photosynthesis. Plants also convert energy from light into chemical energy of C-C covalent bonds. Animals are carbon dioxide producers that derive their energy from carbohydrates and other chemicals produced by plants by the process of photosynthesis. The balance between the plant carbon dioxide removal and animal carbon dioxide generation is equalized also by the formation of carbonates in the oceans. This removes excess carbon dioxide from the air and water (both of which are in equilibrium with regard to carbon dioxide). Fossil fuels, such as petroleum and coal, as well as more recent fuels such as peat and wood generate carbon dioxide when burned. Fossil fuels are formed ultimately by organic processes, and represent also a tremendous carbon sink. Human activity has greatly increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in air. This increase has led to global warming, an increase in temperatures around the world, the Greenhouse Effect. The increase in carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the air has also led to acid rain, where water falls through polluted air and chemically combines with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, and sulfur oxides, producing rainfall with p H as low as 4. This results in fish kills and changes in soil p H which can alter the natural vegetation and uses of the land. The Global Warming problem can lead to melting of the ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica, raising sea-level as much as 120 meters. Changes in sea-level and temperature would affect climate changes, altering belts of grain production and rainfall patterns. Learning Objectives \| Back to Top After completing this chapter you should be able to: Study the general equation for photosynthesis and be able to indicate in which process each reactant is used and each product is produced. List the two major processes of photosynthesis and state what occurs in those sets of reactions. Distinguish between organisms known as autotrophs and those known as heterotrophs as pertains to their modes of nutrition. Explain the significance of the ATP/ADP cycle. Describe the nature of light and how it is associated with the release of electrons from a photosystem. Describe how the pigments found on thylakoid membranes are organized into photosystems and how they relate to photon light energy. Describe the role that chlorophylls and the other pigments found in chloroplasts play to initiate the light-dependent reactions. Describe the function of electron transport systems in the thylakoid membrane. Explain the role of the two energy-carrying molecules produced in the light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) in the light-independent reactions. Describe the Calvin-Benson cycle in terms of its reactants and products. Explain how C-4 photosynthesis provides an advantage for plants in certain environments. Describe the phenomenon of acid rain, and how photosynthesis relates to acid rain and the carbon cycle.. Terms \| Back to Topacid rainautotrophs ATPCalvin Cyclecarotenoidschlorophyll achlorophyll bcellular respiration Dark Reactionselectron transportenzymeglucosegranaleaves Light Reactionsmesophyll NADPHphosphoglyceraldehyde or PGALphosphoglycerate (PGA)phosphorylatephotic) zone Photosynthesis Photosystems Photophosphorylation Ru BP (Ribulose Biphosphate)sinksstomatastromathylakoidxylem Review Questions \| Back to Top1. The organic molecule produced directly by photosynthesis is: a) lipids; b) sugar; c) amino acids; d) DNA2. The photosynthetic process removes ___ from the environment. a) water; b) sugar; c) oxygen; d) chlorophyll; e) carbon dioxide3. The process of splitting water to release hydrogens and electrons occurs during the _____ process. a) light dependent; b) light independent; c) carbon fixation; d) carbon photophosphorylation; e) glycolysis4. The process of fixing carbon dioxide into carbohydrates occurs in the ____ process. a) light dependent; b) light independent; c) ATP synthesis; d) carbon photophosphorylation; e) glycolysis5. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through ____. a) chloroplasts; b) stomata: c) cuticle; d) mesophyll cells; e) leaf veins6. The cellular transport process by which carbon dioxide enters a leaf (and by which water vapor and oxygen exit) is ___. a) osmosis; b) active transport; c. co- transport; d) diffusion; e) bulk flow7. Which of the following creatures would not be an autotroph? a) cactus; b) cyanobacteria; c) fish; d) palm tree; e) phytoplankton8. The process by which most of the world's autotrophs make their food is known as ____. a) glycolysis; b) photosynthesis; c) chemosynthesis; d) herbivory; e) C-4 cycle9. The process of ___ is how ADP + P are converted into ATP during the Light dependent process. a) glycolysis; b) Calvin Cycle; c) chemiosmosis; d) substrate-level phosphorylation; e) Kreb's Cycle10. Once ATP is converted into ADP + P, it must be ____. a) disassembled into components (sugar, base, phosphates) and then ressembled; b) recharged by chemiosmosis; c) converted into NADPH; d) processed by the glycolysis process; e) converted from matter into energy.11. Generally speaking, the longer the wavelenght of light, the ___ the available energy of that light. a) smaller; b) greater; c) same12. The section of the electromagnetic spectrum used for photosynthesis is ___. a) infrared; b) ultraviolet; c) x-ray; d) visible light; e) none of the above13. The colors of light in the visible range (from longest wavelength to shortest) is ___. a) ROYGBIV; b) VIBGYOR; c) GRBIYV; d) ROYROGERS; e) EBGDF14. The photosynthetic pigment that is essential for the process to occur is ___. a) chlorophyll a; b) chlorophyll b; c) beta carotene; d) xanthocyanin; e) fucoxanthin15. When a pigment reflects red light, _____. a) all colors of light are absorbed; b) all col;ors of light are reflected; c) green light is reflected, all others are absorbed; d) red light is reflected, all others are absorbed; e) red light is absorbed after it is reflected into the internal pigment molecules.16. Chlorophyll a absorbs light energy in the ____color range. a) yellow-green; b) red-organge; c) blue violet; d) a and b; e) b and c.17. A photosystem is ___. a) a collection of hydrogen-pumping proteins; b) a collection of photosynthetic pigments arranged in a thylakjoid membrane; c) a series of electron-accepting proteins arranged in the thylakoid membrane; d. found only in prokaryotic organisms; e) multiple copies of chlorophyll a located in the stroma of the chloroplast.18. The individual flattened stacks of membrane material inside the chloroplast are known as ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) DNA; d) membranes; e) endoplasmic reticulum21. The chloroplasts of plants are most close in size to __. a) unfertilized human eggs; b) human cheek cells; c) human nerve cells; d) bacteria in the human mouth; e) viruses22. Which of these photosynthetic organisms does not have a chloroplast? a) plants; b) red algae; c) cyanobacteria; d) diatoms; e) dinoflagellates23. The photoelectric effect refers to ____. a) emission of electrons from a metal when energy of a critical wavelength strikes the metal; b) absorbtion of electrons from the surrounding environment when energy of a critical wavelength is nearby; c) emission of electrons from a metal when struck by any wavelength of light; d) emission of electrons stored in the daytime when stomata are open at night; e) release of NADPH and ATP energy during the Calvin Cycvle when light iof a specific wavelength strikes the cell.24. Light of the green wavelengths is commonly absorbed by which accessory pigment? a) chlorophyll a; b) chlorophyll b; c) phycocyanin; d) beta carotene25. The function of the electron transport proteins in the thyakoid membranes is ___. a) production of ADP by chemiosmosis; b) production of NADPH by substrate-level phosphorylation; c) pumping of hydrogens into the thylakoid space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis; d) pumping of hydrogens into the inner cristae space for later generation of ATP by chemiosmosis; e) preparation of water for eventual incorporation into glucose26. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell because ____. a) ATP is the most readily usable form of energy for cells; b) ATP passes energy along in an electron transport chain; c) ATP energy is passed to NADPH; d) ATP traps more energy than is produced in its formation; e) only eukaryotic cells use this energy currency.27. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation produce ATP. We can infer that the purpose of ATP in photosynthesis is to ____. a) supply hydrogen to the carbohydrate; b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate; c) supply energy that can be used to form a carbohydrate; d) transfer oxygens from the third phosphate group to the carbohydrate molecule; e) convert Ru BP into PGA28. The role of NADPH in oxygen-producing photosynthesis is to ____. a) supply hydrogen to the carbohydrate; b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate; c) supply energy that can be used to form a carbohydrate; d) transfer oxygens from the third phosphate group to the carbohydrate molecule; e) convert Ru BP into PGA.29. The dark reactions require all of these chemicals to proceed except ___. a) ATP; b) NADPH; c) carbon dioxide; d) RUBP; e) oxygen30. The first stable chemical formed by the Calvin Cycle is _____. a) RUBP; b) RU/18; c) PGA; d) PGAL; e) Rubisco31. The hydrogen in the carbohydrate produced by the Calvin Cycle comes from ___ a.) ATP; b) NADPH; c) the environment if the p H is very acidic; d) a and b; e) a and c32. The carbon incorporated into the carbohydrate comes from ___. a) ATP; b) NADPH; c) carbon dioxide; d) glucose; e) organic molecules33. C-4 photosynthesis is so named because _____. a) it produces a three carbon compound as the first stable product of photosynthesis; b) it produces a four carbon compound as the first stable produc of photosynthesis; c) it produces four ATP and four NADPH molecules for carbon fixation. ; d) there are only four steps in this form of carbon fixation into carbohydrate. Links \| Back to Top ASU Photosynthesis Center This site continues to grow in its rich presentation of information. Check out the section on early events in photosynthesis. MIT Hyptertextbook Photosynthesis Chapter View a student created hypertextbook chapter on this topic. Oceans and the Carbon Cycle Index to Climate Change Fact Sheets The Chemistry of Photosynthesis (from Internet Chemistry site)Photosynthesis (Whitman College) An outline of the topic. Photosynthesis Problem Set 1 and Photosynthesis Problem Set 2 The Biology Project (University of Arizona) provides an excellent resource with online question/answer and tutorial features. Problem Set 1 focuses on the light reactions while Problem Set 2 focuses on the dark reactions. Why Leaves Change Color A very nicely done site explaining one of those questions we all bugged our parents about: why leaves change color in the fall. If you live in the desert, as I do, you must travel some distance to view this wonderful biological phenomenon. Text ©1992, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007 by M. J. Farabee, all rights reserved. Use for educational purposes is encouraged. Back to Table of Contents \| Go to CELLULAR RESPIRATIONEmail: mj.farabee@emcmail.maricopa.edu Chosen Value of the Week 1/30/98Last modified: The URL of this page is:
Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor period with the victory of Henry VII over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. Early modern European history is usually seen to span from the start of the 15th century, through the Age of Reason and the Age of Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.
Milburn Stone In 1955, one of CBS Radio's hit series, the Western Gunsmoke, was adapted for television and recast with experienced screen actors. Howard McNear, the radio Doc Adams, was replaced by Stone, who gave the role a harder edge consistent with his screen portrayals. He stayed with Gunsmoke through its entire television run, appearing in 604 episodes through 1975, often shown sparring in a friendly manner with co-stars Dennis Weaver and Ken Curtis, who played, respectively, Chester Goode and Festus Haggen.[5]
Routing number for VIA CREDIT UNION Routing Number for VIA CREDIT UNIONVIA CREDIT UNION Branches Routing Number Swift Code Routing number for VIA CREDIT UNION is a 9 digit code required for initiating various financial transactions such as direct deposits, electronic payments, wire transfers, check ordering and many more. Routing numbers are also known as ABA routing numbers, routing transit numbers (RTNs), transit numbers, ABA numbers, and ACH routing numbers. Routing numbers may differ depending on the region where your account was initially opened and the type of transaction being made. Find VIA CREDIT UNION Routing Number on a Check The best and easiest way to find the routing number for VIA CREDIT UNION checking, savings or business account is to look at the bottom left corner of the check issued to you by VIA CREDIT UNION. VIA CREDIT UNION ABA Routing Number Routing Number for VIA CREDIT UNION in IN (for all transaction types) is 274975152Other Routing Numbers for VIA CREDIT UNIONRouting Number Bank Address State, Zip274975152 VIA CREDIT UNION 4505 SOUTH ADAMS MARION Indiana, 46953Address mentioned in the table may differ from your branch office address. Routing number of a bank usually differ only by state and is generally same for all branches in a state. Post Questions / Comments Below Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari
The Sims 4 The game has the same concept as its predecessor, The Sims 3; players control their Sims in various activities and can form relationships. The game, like most of the series, does not have a defined final goal; gameplay is nonlinear. The Create-a-Sim and Build Mode tools have been redesigned to allow more versatility when creating game content. Emotional state plays a larger role in game play than in previous games in the series, with effects on social interaction, user interface, and personality.[6][7] To date EA has released three expansion packs, with the most recent (City Living) being released in November 2016. There have also been several "game packs" released, including Parenthood which allows the players to shape the characters' children and teenagers as they go through life, as well as free updates that include major changes such as the addition of a toddler life stage.
How to Calculate Maturity Value. Maturity value is the amount payable to an investor at the end of a debt instrumentâs holding period (maturity date). For most bonds, the maturity value is the face amount of the bond. For some certificates of deposit (CD) and other investments, all of the interest is paid at maturity. If all of the interest is paid at maturity, each of the interest payments may be compounded.
Since you are under the age of 59 and a half, you are likely subject to a 10 percent IRS penalty for early withdrawal of the Simplified Employee Pension (SEP-IRA). This 10 percent penalty is in addition to the ordinary income tax you would normally pay if you withdrew from your SEP-IRA after you passed the aforementioned age threshold.
Hamida Djandoubi Hamida Djandoubi (Arabic: حميدة جندوبي‎; September 22, 1949 – September 10, 1977) was a Tunisian agricultural worker and convicted murderer. He moved to Marseille, France, in 1968 and six years later he kidnapped, tortured and murdered 22-year-old Élisabeth Bousquet, his former girlfriend. He was sentenced to death in February 1977 and executed by guillotine in September that year. He was the last person to be executed in Western Europe and in the European Union[2] and the last person legally executed by beheading in the Western world. Marcel Chevalier served as chief executioner.[3]
As early as 1794, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement, as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain. The first group of people left in February 1805, and by 1808 only about 200 remained, forming a small settlement until the remnants were removed in 1813. A small party remained to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings, so that there would be no inducement for anyone, especially from other European powers, to visit and lay claim to the place. From 15 February 1814 to 6 June 1825 the island was abandoned.
The 90th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), will honor the best films of 2017 and will take place on March 4, 2018, at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, at 5:30 p.m. PST. The ceremony was scheduled well after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2018 Winter Olympics. During the ceremony, AMPAS will present Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony will be televised in the United States by ABC, and produced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd. Comedian Jimmy Kimmel will host for a second consecutive year, making Kimmel the first person to host back-to-back ceremonies since Billy Crystal in 1997 and 1998 respectively.
Second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms and was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments contained in the Bill of Rights.[1][2][3][4] The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled that the right belongs to individuals,[5][6] while also ruling that the right is not unlimited and does not prohibit all regulation of either firearms or similar devices.[7] State and local governments are limited to the same extent as the federal government from infringing this right per the incorporation of the Bill of Rights.
Jeremy Samuel Piven (born July 26, 1965) is an American actor and producer. He is known for his roles as Ari Gold in the comedy series "Entourage", for which he won a Golden Globe Award and three consecutive Emmy Awards, and as Spence Kovak on Ellen DeGeneres's sitcom "Ellen". He also starred in the British period drama "Mr Selfridge", which tells the story of the man who created the luxury English department store chain Selfridges.
Olive green is the traditional color of peace. Blue. Blue is the color of the sky and sea. It is often associated with depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven. Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is strongly associated with tranquility and calmness. In heraldry, blue is used to symbolize piety and sincerity. You can use blue to promote products and services related to cleanliness (water purification filters, cleaning liquids, vodka), air and sky (airlines, airports, air conditioners), water and sea (sea voyages, mineral water).
Katharine Houghton Hepburn -LRB- May 12 , 1907 -- June 29 , 2003 -RRB- was an American actress . Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality , Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years . She appeared in a range of genres , from screwball comedy to literary drama , and she received four Academy Awards for Best Actress -- a record for any performer . In 1999 , Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema . Raised in Connecticut by wealthy , progressive parents , Hepburn began to act while studying at Bryn Mawr College . After four years in the theatre , favorable reviews of her work on Broadway brought her to the attention of Hollywood . Her early years in the film industry were marked with success , including an Academy Award for her third picture , Morning Glory -LRB- 1933 -RRB- , but this was followed by a series of commercial failures that led her to be labeled `` box office poison '' in 1938 . Hepburn masterminded her own comeback , buying out her contract with RKO Radio Pictures and acquiring the film rights to The Philadelphia Story , which she sold on the condition that she be the star . In the 1940s , she was contracted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , where her career focused on an alliance with Spencer Tracy . The screen-partnership spanned 25 years and produced nine movies . Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life , as she regularly appeared in Shakespearean stage productions and tackled a range of literary roles . She found a niche playing middle-aged spinsters , such as in The African Queen -LRB- 1951 -RRB- , a persona the public embraced . Three more Oscars came for her work in Guess Who 's Coming to Dinner -LRB- 1967 -RRB- , The Lion in Winter -LRB- 1968 -RRB- , and On Golden Pond -LRB- 1981 -RRB- . In the 1970s , she began appearing in television films , which became the focus of her career in later life . She remained active into old age , making her final screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87 . After a period of inactivity and ill health , Hepburn died in 2003 at the age of 96 . Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine and refused to conform to society 's expectations of women . She was outspoken , assertive , athletic , and wore trousers before it was fashionable for women to do so . She married once , as a young woman , but thereafter lived independently . A 26-year affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy was hidden from the public . With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen , Hepburn epitomized the `` modern woman '' in the 20th-century United States and is remembered as an important cultural figure .
Alexander Murray Palmer "Alex" Haley (August 11, 1921 – February 10, 1992) was an American writer and the author of the 1976 book "." ABC adapted the book as a television miniseries of the same name and aired it in 1977 to a record-breaking audience of 130 million viewers. In the United States the book and miniseries raised the public awareness of African American history and inspired a broad interest in genealogy and family history.
Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome.
Some use magnets to detect metal fasteners (or metal studs), but the more interesting ones basically create a local electric field. As you sweep the finder across the wall and it encounters studs, the studs interact with and change that electric field, and the device can measure that, and so it knows that the wall has changed.
Roger Thomas (born 1951) is an American interior designer best known for his work on resort hotels and casinos in Las Vegas, including the Bellagio, Wynn Las Vegas and Encore Las Vegas. His work also extends to other areas of the world, including Wynn Macau and Encore Macau in China. He is the Executive Vice President of Design for Wynn Design & Development, and principal of the Roger Thomas Collection. Thomas has been named five times to the "Architectural Digest" AD100 list of the world's preeminent architects and designers, and was inducted into the "Interior Design Magazine" Hall of Fame in 2015.
Medieval Kings of England Medieval Kings of England ... as compiled by Paul M. Remfry Edward the Confessor, 1042 to 1066 Brought up in Normandy, the reign of the Confessor saw the beginning of a close alliance with Normandy. Many Norman barons were brought into England to control the Welsh Marches and castles were first built in the kingdom. It would seem likely that Edward promised the Crown to Duke William of Normandy in 1051. King Harold II, 1066 Harold had been the power behind Edward's throne since 1055 and was elected King of the English by most of the English noble classes. King William I, the Conqueror, 1066 to 1087 King William "inherited" the English throne as heir to Edward the Confessor, with, after the battle of Hastings, substantial support from the remaining English nobility. Until 1071 the reign was spent suppressing English rebellions. After that date, by which time much of the English nobility had been eliminated, William had mainly Continental problems to deal with. The conquest of much of Wales was undertaken in the years 1070 to 1085. When William died the chronicles generally agreed that he was a good, but stern king. It had been possible during his reign for a man to walk with his pockets full of gold from one end of William's realm to the other with no-one touching him through their fear of the king. King William II, Rufus, 1087 to 1100 Second son of William the Conqueror, William had the sternness and military ability of his father, but not his sense of justice. His court was renowned for its brutality and licentiousness and the king was often at variance with the church. He faced major rebellions in 1088 and 1095 though he succeeded in crushing them, largely due to the loyal support of the English. King Henry I, 1100 to 1135 As able as his brother, Rufus, but with a keen sense of justice. The royal administrative corps really came into its own in his reign. The first seven years of Henry's rule was spent in protecting England and then conquering Normandy from his eldest brother, Duke Robert. He ruled with an iron fist like his father and looked secure both in England and on the Continent until 1120 when his only legitimate son and heir was killed in a naval tragedy. He settled the Welsh rebellion of his brother's reign and fortified Wales with many castles. The end of his reign was dominated by a succession crisis where Henry forced his barons to support his daughter, Matilda, as heir. King Stephen, 1135 to 1141 The favourite nephew of Henry I, broke his oath and assumed the kingship of England with the assent of the barons of England and Normandy. His character soon showed severe flaws for a king and as the English put it, he was found "to be soft". From 1136 onwards crisis followed crisis and England and Normandy slipped into Civil War. Empress Matilda, 1141 to 1142 Only legitimate daughter of Henry I to whom the Crown was promised in her father's lifetime. On her father's death Stephen was elected. In 1139 her half brother, Earl Robert of Gloucester, and Miles Gloucester rebelled from King Stephen in her favour. Stephen was defeated and captured in February 1141 and Matilda, the widow of the Emperor of Germany, began her short reign as Empress of the English. Her ill temper and brutal manner soon exasperated the English and she was chased out of London and by the end of 1142 she had been reduced to control of much of the South and West of England, King Stephen, released from captivity continuing his reign. Normandy was taken from Stephen by Matilda's second husband, Geoffrey of Anjou in 1144, both titles passing to their son, another Henry. King Stephen, 1142 to 1154 By 1147 the civil war in England had effectively ended with most of the important, industrious and populated parts of the kingdom remaining under Stephen's ineffectual rule. In 1153, Duke Henry of Normandy, the son of the Empress Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou, invaded the kingdom and was recognised as Stephen's heir in place of his two sons, Eustace and William. King Henry II, 1154 to 1189 Henry succeeded Ki
Sexual differentiation in humans The development of sexual differences begins with the XY sex-determination system that is present in humans, and complex mechanisms are responsible for the development of the phenotypic differences between male and female humans from an undifferentiated zygote.[3] Females have two X chromosomes, and males have a Y chromosome and an X chromosome. At an early stage in embryonic development, both sexes possess equivalent internal structures. These are the mesonephric ducts and paramesonephric ducts. The presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes the development of the testes in males, and the subsequent release of hormones which cause the paramesonephric ducts to regress. In females, the mesonephric ducts regress.
Aaron Copland ( ; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as "the Dean of American Composers." The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as "populist" and which the composer labeled his "vernacular" style. Works in this vein include the ballets "Appalachian Spring", "Billy the Kid" and "Rodeo", his "Fanfare for the Common Man" and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores.
Andreas "Andi" Deris (born 18 August 1964) is a German singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist of power metal band Helloween, and co-founder and former lead singer of German melodic metal band Pink Cream 69. He has an active solo career, as well as his own recording studio in Tenerife.
High-performance liquid chromatography High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography), is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on pumps to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the different components and leading to the separation of the components as they flow out the column.
Carbon -LRB- from carbo `` coal '' -RRB- is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6 . It is nonmetallic and tetravalent -- making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds . Three isotopes occur naturally , C and C being stable , while C is a radioactive isotope , decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years . Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity . Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen , helium , and oxygen . Carbon 's abundance , its unique diversity of organic compounds , and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life . It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass -LRB- about 18.5 % -RRB- after oxygen . The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways , termed allotropes of carbon . The best known are graphite , diamond , and amorphous carbon . The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form . For example , graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent . Graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper -LRB- hence its name , from the Greek verb '' γράφειν '' which means `` to write '' -RRB- , while diamond is the hardest naturally occurring material known . Graphite is a good electrical conductor while diamond has a low electrical conductivity . Under normal conditions , diamond , carbon nanotubes , and graphene have the highest thermal conductivities of all known materials . All carbon allotropes are solids under normal conditions , with graphite being the most thermodynamically stable form . They are chemically resistant and require high temperature to react even with oxygen . The most common oxidation state of carbon in inorganic compounds is +4 , while +2 is found in carbon monoxide and transition metal carbonyl complexes . The largest sources of inorganic carbon are limestones , dolomites and carbon dioxide , but significant quantities occur in organic deposits of coal , peat , oil , and methane clathrates . Carbon forms a vast number of compounds , more than any other element , with almost ten million compounds described to date , and yet that number is but a fraction of the number of theoretically possible compounds under standard conditions . For this reason , carbon has often been referred to as the `` king of the elements '' .
Avenged Sevenfold -LRB- sometimes abbreviated as A7X -RRB- is an American heavy metal band from Huntington Beach , California , formed in 1999 . The band 's current lineup consists of lead vocalist M. Shadows , rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Zacky Vengeance , lead guitarist and backing vocalist Synyster Gates , bassist and backing vocalist Johnny Christ , and drummer Brooks Wackerman . Avenged Sevenfold is known for its diverse rock sound and dramatic imagery in album covers and merchandise . Avenged Sevenfold emerged with a metalcore sound on the band 's debut Sounding the Seventh Trumpet . However , Avenged Sevenfold 's style had evolved by the band 's third album and first major label release , City of Evil , into a heavy metal and hard rock style . The band continued to explore new sounds with its self-titled release and enjoyed continued mainstream success before their drummer , James `` The Rev '' Sullivan , died in 2009 . Despite his death , Avenged Sevenfold continued on with the help of now-former Dream Theater drummer Mike Portnoy and released and toured in support of its fifth album Nightmare in 2010 , which debuted on the top spot of the Billboard 200 , Avenged Sevenfold 's first number one debut . In 2011 drummer Arin Ilejay joined the band on tours and recording . Avenged Sevenfold 's sixth studio album Hail to the King , which was released in 2013 , marked the only Avenged Sevenfold album featuring Arin Ilejay . Hail to the King charted as number 1 on the Billboard 200 , the UK Albums chart , as well as the Finnish , Brazilian , Canadian , and Irish charts . In late 2014 Ilejay left the band , and was replaced by former Bad Religion drummer Brooks Wackerman , but was n't revealed as his replacement until in 2015 the band announced Ilejay 's departure . The band surprise released their seventh studio album titled The Stage on October 28 , 2016 , which debuted as number 4 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US . The Stage is their first conceptual album and it marked another stylistic change for the band , moving towards the progressive metal sound . To date , Avenged Sevenfold has released seven studio albums , one live album/DVD , two compilation albums and eighteen singles and have sold over 8 million albums worldwide . Avenged Sevenfold was ranked # 47 on Loudwire 's list of Top 50 Metal Bands of All Time .
Education World: Public Relations 101: How-To Tips for School Administrators Public Relations 101: Tips for School Administrators (and Other School Professionals) Are you looking to improve communications between school and home? Do you want to get the media to pay more attention to the good things that are going on in your school? Do you know how to handle a crisis? Public relations consultant William Harms offers tips for school administrators looking to put their best foot forward. Think your school can't afford to devote resources to public relations? Think again, says public relations consultant William Harms, who counts among his clients a consortium of 30 independent Chicago schools. Good public relations begins with the cost-free investment of thoughtful evaluation, Harms told Education World. Before you put financial resources into public relations, consider what the term means: "Relations with the public." Public relations encompasses all interactions and communications with the public by everyone in your school district, from school secretaries to maintenance workers to teachers, principals, board members, and students. Good public relations is something everyone involved with a school should be practicing every day. Return Those Calls The biggest public relations budget in the world won't matter if your school projects a poor image in its most basic communications. Before you hire a consultant or a public relations staff person or recruit a parent volunteer, begin improving public relations in your school district by evaluating everyday communications, Harms said. How are people treated when they call the school? Is the person answering the phone courteous, friendly, and helpful? How well does your voicemail system work? Do callers get led through a frustrating phone maze? Most important of all, if a caller leaves a message, does the call get returned? Promptly? How often are meetings held? Are they accessible? Are parents and community members notified of meetings well in advance? Most important, is time allowed for audience discussion? Is the community notified of school events? Are parents given enough notice so they may re-arrange their schedules to attend? How well do teachers and administrators communicate with parents? "The more parents know what's going on, the more eager they are to support the mission of the school," Harms said. Parents Want to Know Communication with parents and the public is essential—and the communication must be meaningful, clear, and engaging. "Parents want to know what's going on. The tricky part is knowing what parents really want to hear and what will be perceived as propaganda. Parents are astute at knowing the difference," Harms said. For communicating with parents, Harms sees newsletters as primary communication tools. "A newsletter doesn't need to be flashy. It's not design that people are concerned with, but content," he said. Whether it's a simple, black and white one-page newsletter printed on paper or a colorful electronic message on the school's website, be sure the information is relevant and timely. Harms related that he once received a beautifully-designed newsletter with irrelevant content—all the events listed had already passed. As the editor of a newsletter for the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, Harms said he strives to view the product from a parent's perspective. "We ask ourselves what questions parents would like to see answered in our publication. We know that parents want to know about their children's accomplishments. And they want to know what's going on with the curriculum but in a way that it relates to their interests. It's always great to share news about a project that students are excited about, for example. Such communication is vital because you can't rely on students to accurately relay what's happening at school—if they tell their parents anything about school at all. "Some kids bring home news, others clam up. Anything you can do to explain to parents what children are learning will be appreciated," Harms said. When good news happ
West Highland White Terrier The breed remains very popular in the UK, with multiple winner at Cruft's. It is in the top third of all breeds in the US since the 1960s. It has been featured in television and film, including in Hamish Macbeth, and in advertising by companies such as Cesar dog food and Scotch whisky Black & White.
Asthma as a result of (or worsened by) workplace exposures, is a commonly reported occupational disease. Many cases however are not reported or recognized as such. It is estimated that 5–25% of asthma cases in adults are work–related. A few hundred different agents have been implicated with the most common being: isocyanates, grain and wood dust, colophony, soldering flux, latex, animals, and aldehydes. The employment associated with the highest risk of problems include: those who spray paint, bakers and those who process food, nurses, chemical workers, those who work with animals, welders, hairdressers and timber workers.
The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance ( 1962 ) Approved \| A senator, who became famous for killing a notorious outlaw, returns for the funeral of an old friend and tells the truth about his deed. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC Mads Mikkelsen: From Serial Killer to 'Star Wars' Secret Weapon 19 December 2016 8:02 AM, -08:00 \| Rollingstone.com a list of 47 titles created 18 Aug 2011 a list of 22 titles created 01 Mar 2013 a list of 26 titles created 08 Apr 2014 a list of 44 titles created 10 months ago a list of 31 titles created 2 months ago Title: The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) 8.1/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 wins & 2 nominations. See more awards » Videos A Civil War veteran embarks on a journey to rescue his niece from an Indian tribe. Director: John Ford A small-town sheriff in the American West enlists the help of a cripple, a drunk, and a young gunfighter in his efforts to hold in jail the brother of the local bad guy. Director: Howard Hawks A group of people traveling on a stagecoach find their journey complicated by the threat of Geronimo and learn something about each other in the process. Director: John Ford A drunken, hard-nosed U.S. Marshal and a Texas Ranger help a stubborn teenager track down her father's murderer in Indian territory. Director: Henry Hathaway Dunson leads a cattle drive, the culmination of over 14 years of work, to its destination in Missouri. But his tyrannical behavior along the way causes a mutiny, led by his adopted son. Directors: Howard Hawks, Arthur Rosson Stars: John Wayne, Montgomery Clift, Joanne Dru An aging group of outlaws look for one last big score as the "traditional" American West is disappearing around them. Director: Sam Peckinpah A marshall, personally compelled to face a returning deadly enemy, finds that his own town refuses to help him. Director: Fred Zinnemann 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7/10 X Cole Thornton, a gunfighter for hire, joins forces with an old friend, Sheriff J.P. Hara. Together with an old Indian fighter and a gambler, they help a rancher and his family fight a rival rancher that is trying to steal their water. Director: Howard Hawks A dying gunfighter spends his last days looking for a way to die with a minimum of pain and a maximum of dignity. Director: Don Siegel Ranch owner Katie Elder's four sons determine to avenge the murder of their father and the swindling of their mother. Director: Henry Hathaway A cavalry officer posted on the Rio Grande must deal with murderous raiding Apaches, his son who's a risk-taking recruit and his wife from whom he has been separated for many years. Director: John Ford A retired American boxer returns to the village of his birth in Ireland, where he finds love. Director: John Ford Edit Storyline When Senator Ransom Stoddard returns home to Shinbone for the funeral of Tom Doniphon, he recounts to a local newspaper editor the story behind it all. He had come to town many years before, a lawyer by profession. The stage was robbed on its way in by the local ruffian, Liberty Valance, and Stoddard has nothing to his name left save a few law books. He gets a job in the kitchen at the Ericson's restaurant and there meets his future wife, Hallie. The territory is vying for Statehood and Stoddard is selected as a representative over Valance, who continues terrorizing the town. When he destroys the local newspaper office and attacks the editor, Stoddard calls him out, though the conclusion is not quite as straightforward as legend would have it. Written by garykmcd Two Great Stars Appear Together For the First Time! See more » Genres: 22 April 1962 (USA) See more » Also Known As:
John Joseph `` Jack '' Nicholson -LRB- born April 22 , 1937 -RRB- is an American actor and filmmaker , who has performed for over 60 years . Nicholson is known for playing a wide range of starring or supporting roles , including satirical comedy , romance and dark portrayals of antiheroes and psychopathic characters . In many of his films , he has played the `` eternal outsider , the sardonic drifter , '' someone who rebels against the social structure . Nicholson 's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy 's history . Nicholson has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice , one for the drama One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest -LRB- 1975 -RRB- and the other for the romantic comedy As Good as It Gets -LRB- 1997 -RRB- . He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment -LRB- 1983 -RRB- . Nicholson is one of three male actors to win three Academy Awards . Nicholson is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s ; the other is Michael Caine . He has won six Golden Globe Awards , and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001 . In 1994 , he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute 's Life Achievement Award . Other films in which he has starred include the road movie Easy Rider -LRB- 1969 -RRB- , the drama Five Easy Pieces -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , the comedy-drama film The Last Detail -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , the neo-noir mystery film Chinatown -LRB- 1974 -RRB- , the drama The Passenger -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , and the epic film Reds -LRB- 1981 -RRB- . He played Jack Torrance in Stanley Kubrick 's horror film The Shining -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , the Joker in Tim Burton 's superhero film Batman -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , and Frank Costello in Martin Scorsese 's neo-noir crime drama The Departed -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . Other films include the legal drama A Few Good Men -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , the Sean Penn-directed mystery film The Pledge -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , and the comedy-drama About Schmidt -LRB- 2002 -RRB- .
Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. Glacial valleys have characteristically steep walls (reliefs); valleys with lower reliefs and talus slopes are remnants of glacial troughs or previously infilled valleys. Moraines, piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier, accumulate at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.
John William Ferrell -LRB- -LSB- ˈfɛrəl -RSB- born July 16 , 1967 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , producer , and writer . He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live , and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Talladega Nights -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , Step Brothers -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , The Other Guys -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam McKay . The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 . Other films roles include Elf , Old School -LRB- both 2003 -RRB- , Blades of Glory -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , and the animated films Megamind -LRB- 2010 -RRB- and The Lego Movie -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Ferrell is considered a member of the `` Frat Pack '' , a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s , including Jack Black , Ben Stiller , Steve Carell , Vince Vaughn , and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson . He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live , and two Golden Globe Award nominations for The Producers -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Stranger than Fiction -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards . Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 26 , 2015 .
The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq. The coalition commenced hostilities in January 1991, resulting in a decisive victory for the U.S. led coalition forces, which drove Iraqi forces out of Kuwait with minimal coalition deaths. Despite the low death toll, over 180,000 US veterans would later be classified as "permanently disabled" according to the US Department of Veterans Affairs (see Gulf War Syndrome). The main battles were aerial and ground combat within Iraq, Kuwait and bordering areas of Saudi Arabia. Land combat did not expand outside of the immediate Iraq/Kuwait/Saudi border region, although the coalition bombed cities and strategic targets across Iraq, and Iraq fired missiles on Israeli and Saudi cities.
No. The nose is not a digestive organ, it does not have the acids required to break down compounds. Same with the lungs, it would not be a good idea to inhale powdered pills. Pills often have thin coatings that protect your mouth from the actual chemical, grind them up and you lose that effect. In general, follow the instructions!!
What is the study of sharks called? kgb answers Â» Science & Technology Â» Animals Â» What is the study of sharks called? A marine biologist that specializes in the study of living and fossil sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras is called an Elasmobranchologist, and the study itself is called Elasmobranchology.
Axis powers The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term "Axis".[1][2] The almost simultaneous second step was the signing in November 1936 of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty between Germany and Japan. Italy joined the Pact in 1937. The "Rome–Berlin Axis" became a military alliance in 1939 under the so-called "Pact of Steel", with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany, Italy and Japan.
Care home fees. In the UK you can expect to pay on average around Â£29,270 a year in residential care costs, rising to over Â£39,300 a year if nursing care is necessary*. The cost of residential care can vary considerably by location and depends on whether you also require nursing or dementia care.
is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise . It is a subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Its former name was Nippon Sunrise , and prior to that , Sunrise Studios . Its headquarters is located in Suginami , Tokyo . Among Japan 's largest and most famous studios , Sunrise is renowned for several critically lauded and popular original anime series , such as Gundam , Cowboy Bebop , Space Runaway Ideon , Armored Trooper Votoms , Yoroiden Samurai Troopers , Future GPX Cyber Formula , Crush Gear Turbo , The Vision of Escaflowne , Love Live School Idol Project , Witch Hunter Robin , My-HiME , My-Otome , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion , Tiger & Bunny , Cross Ange : Rondo of Angel and Dragon , as well as its numerous adaptations of acclaimed light novels including Dirty Pair , Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere and Accel World , and manga such as City Hunter , InuYasha , Outlaw Star , Yakitate !! Japan , Planetes , Keroro Gunso , Gin Tama , Kekkaishi and several others . Many of Sunrise 's original anime include similar themes , including mecha and masked identities accompanied with fluid animation . Because of the fluidity and high degree of details on much of their works , fans refer to their animation works as `` Sunrise Smooth '' . Most of their works are mostly original titles created in-house by their creative staffs that went into a collective pseudonym called Hajime Yatate . They also previously operated a now defunct video game studio of their own named Sunrise Interactive . Sunrise also launched their own light novel publication titled Yatate Bunko Imprint on September 30 , 2016 aimed to publish new original titles and also to supplemment their already existing franchises with new materials . Anime created by Sunrise that have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize are Mobile Suit Gundam in 1979 and the first half of 1980 , Space Runaway Ideon in the second half of 1980 , Crusher Joe -LRB- co-production with Studio Nue -RRB- in 1983 , Dirty Pair in 1985 , Future GPX Cyber Formula in 1991 , Gundam SEED in 2002 , Gundam SEED Destiny in 2004 and 2005 , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion in 2006 and 2007 and Code Geass R2 in 2008 , thus making Sunrise as the studio that won the most number of Animage Awards .
A New Definition for Inbound Marketing. By Eric Wittlake 17 Comments. Inbound marketing is a hot topic in B2B marketing. However, as more B2B marketers grab the inbound marketing flag, many will miss the two keys to making inbound marketing effective:1 Be found through the recommendation of others. 2 Delight those that find you.nbound marketing is a hot topic in B2B marketing. However, as more B2B marketers grab the inbound marketing flag, many will miss the two keys to making inbound marketing effective: 1 Be found through the recommendation of others.
It usually takes about 4 to 6 hours for a full stomach to digest the food. However, this varies from person to person, and if vomitting occurs, much less time. It takes â¦ from 12 to 24 hours for the food to completely leave the digestive/excremetory systems.7 people found this useful.ow long do you have to wait after eating to have an empty stomach for taking medication to be taken on an empty stomach? If you ate for 20 minutes, wait for 3-5 hours, or if you ate for 1/2 an hour, wait for 4-6 hours. Do NOT wait two hours because there may be a risk if your digestion is in â¦ complete.
I T IS KNOWN colloquially as “the change”. The end of a woman’s natural child-bearing years is a moment of transformation that is welcome to some and miserable for others. But for too many, menopause is also a painful process that can damage their bones, heart and brain. As societies age, the question of how best to preserve women’s health during menopause is becoming more urgent. In 1990 nearly half a billion women were 50 or older (the age when menopause typically begins). Today there are almost twice as many. About 47m women around the world reach the age of menopause each year. In Western countries, where most research has been conducted, up to 80% will experience symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, depression, insomnia, anxiety and memory loss. Symptoms can last up to 12 years. Around a quarter of women going through menopause feel so wretched that their quality of life is dimmed, according to studies in rich countries. Almost half of British women experiencing it say that their work suffers as a result. Get our daily newsletter Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. Twenty years ago, doctors would routinely have prescribed hormone-replacement therapy ( HRT ) to women entering menopause. But in 2002 the results of a huge randomised trial were published, showing that the treatment brought health risks, including a slightly raised chance of breast cancer after five years. Women and doctors were alarmed. Around the world they abandoned hormonal therapy in droves. Before the study, 22% of menopausal women in America took HRT . Six years later that figure had fallen below 5%. In Australia, around 15% of menopausal women with moderate or severe symptoms receive the treatment. Take-up of HRT is now low in most countries. Women are scared and doctors wary. And yet the conclusions of the study in 2002 were rapidly debunked (see article). A re-examination of its results showed that women aged between 50 and 59 who took HRT were 31% less likely to die of any cause during their five to seven years of treatment with the hormones than those who did not. For a woman who has had her uterus removed or who starts menopause before the age of 45, HRT greatly reduces the risk of heart disease, a life-saving effect. It can also prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which bones become brittle. One study of post-menopausal American women over a ten-year period found that, of those who had had hysterectomies, between 18,000 and 91,000 died prematurely because they had shunned hormone therapy. HRT also lowers women’s risk of uterine and colon cancers. Fears about the increased risks of breast cancer have been overplayed. Hormonal therapies are typically off-patent and inexpensive. In Britain the annual price tag is only £125 ($165); in the United States generic pills are similarly affordable. And the benefits vastly outweigh the costs. Nothing else controls the symptoms of menopause so well, and a heightened risk of any one disease must be weighed against the lowered risks of contracting several others.
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild Similarly to the original Legend of Zelda (1986), players are given little instruction and can explore the open world freely. Tasks include collecting multipurpose items to aid in objectives or solving puzzles and side quests for rewards. Breath of the Wild's world is unstructured and designed to reward experimentation, and the story can be completed in a nonlinear fashion. Development of Breath of the Wild lasted five years. Wanting to reinvent the series, Nintendo introduced elements such as a detailed physics engine, high-definition visuals, and voice acting. Monolith Soft assisted in designing landscapes. The game was planned for release in 2015 as a Wii U exclusive, but was delayed twice due to problems with the physics engine. Released on March 3, 2017, Breath of the Wild was a launch game for Switch and the final Nintendo game for Wii U. Two downloadable content packs were released later in 2017.
Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.
February at Disney World can best be characterized as a time with mild temps, relatively light crowds for much of the month, and sometimes lots of refurbishments. Most people visiting Florida can pack summer clothes since it's usually hot, but it can be quite cool when visiting in February at Disney World. I suggest planning to wear layers.
How to Prepare for Running Long Distance How to Prepare for Running Long Distance Long distance running, also called marathon running, involves running distances of 1.86 miles (3 km) or more, often in a competitive setting. 3K, 5K, 10K, half marathon, cross-country and marathon races are all examples of long distance running. It takes strength, speed, endurance and aerobic health to run such distances and, therefore, anyone who is interested in distance running must train appropriately and adequately in order to avoid injuries. Follow these guidelines to prepare for running long distance.
16 and Pregnant is an American reality television series that aired from June 11, 2009 to July 1, 2014, on MTV. It followed the stories of pregnant teenage girls in high school dealing with the hardships of teenage pregnancy. Each episode featured a different teenage girl, with the episode typically beginning when she is 4 ⁄ – 8 months into her pregnancy. The episode typically ends when the baby is a few months old. The series is produced in a documentary format, with an animation on notebook paper showing highlights during each episode preceding the commercial breaks. "16 and Pregnant" has spawned three spin-off series: "Teen Mom", "Teen Mom 2" and "Teen Mom 3". Each series follows the lives of four girls from their respective season of "16 and Pregnant" as they navigate their first years of motherhood.
BBC NEWS \| UK \| England \| Cornwall \| Celebrity chef Stein's dog dies Celebrity chef Stein's dog dies TV Stars: Rick Stein and constant companion Chalky Celebrity Cornish chef Rick Stein's beloved dog has died, aged 17. Chalky, the Jack Russell owned by fish chef Rick Stein, had become well-known through his appearances on Mr Stein's television series. The chef, along with his wife Jill, paid tribute to his dog. He said his Chalky - who died on 13 January - was loved by everyone. "It's a source of puzzlement to me that he never knew how famous he was," Mr Stein said. 'Mighty capers' Stein said that Chalky had always been the family dog who was loved by his children, and was healthy right up until the last six months of his life. However, he showed a more mischievous streak if there were cameras about, the chef said. Stein said: "He got up to some mighty capers: Leaping to bite a microphone, snarling at our cameraman so fiercely that we thought twice about using the film, fearing his shocking fangs would frighten children. "He dispatched rats and caused consternation by doing the same with a rabbit or two. Chalky was not a big fan of the postman "He swam and jumped on boats, he attacked crabs, ran rings round Alsatians and Border Collies being much fiercer and never backing down, ever." Stein said also recalled that he hated the postman; and how once he scampered over a lawn owned by Prince Charles, leaving Rick worried that he might have a go at its owner. "He petrified me that he might bite the Prince of Wales but he didn't. "Most of all though, we knew him at home as rather an unassuming, diffident dog who was never greedy, pestered you a bit for walks but not too much and kept reasonably quiet."
Bullitt - The Greatest Chase of All THE GREATEST CHASE OF ALL An inside look at how they filmed BULLITT, the granddaddy of car pursuit movies. BY: Susan Encinas (Muscle Car Review, March, 1987) Where were you in 1968? You might have opened up the movie section of the newspaper and read a review about the newly released movie BULLITT. One such review, by the National Observer, said, " Whatever you have heard about the auto chase scene in BULLITT is probably true...a terrifying, deafening shocker." Life magazine wrote, "... a crime flick with a taste of genius...an action sequence that must be compared to the best in film history." With reviews like that, and sharing double billing with the hit BONNIE AND CLYDE, BULLITT devastated audiences with incredible scenes of leaping, screaming au tomobiles that seemed to fly off the screen. Among all of Hollywood's road movies, BULLITT unquestionably made film history with its original car chase sequences. There may have been chase scenes before, but nothing before or since has equalled the intensity and impact of BULLITT. The scenes, which were novelty then but classic now, were brilliantly executed. Over the years, fans have asked questions about the two cars used in the movie, a 1968 Dodge Charger and a 1968 Mustang GT. Of all the musclecars offered in the late sixties, why were these two cars chosen, and how were they modified to survive the torturous driving? It's been 19 years since BULLITT was filmed, however the magic of this special movie has not diminished. We questioned some of the crew who participated in the filming, and asked them how the chase was coordinated and shot, who was involved in the chase scenes and what happened during the filming. Steve McQueen and director Peter Yates brought in some of the best names in the business in preparation for the filming of BULLITT's chase scenes, and we were able to track some of them down. We interviewed Carey Loftin, stunt coordinator for BULLITT and occasional driver of the BULLITT Mustang; Bud Elkins, the main stunt driver of the Mustang, aside from McQueen; and Loren Janes, who had doubled for McQueen for nearly 20 years and stunted for McQueen during the airport sequence at the end of the film. We also interviewed Max Balchowsky, the man responsible for maintaining the Mustang GT and the Charger throughout the filming. Finally, we spoke with Ron Riner, who acted as transportation coordinator for Warner Brothers on the BULLITT set. We set out to learn what the recipe is for such a successful chase sequence. What we found out was that there is none; it was pretty much a hit and miss thing and, as Ron Riner put it, "other people have tried to put the same combination together to get the same results and haven't really done it. Before we'd shoot a scene, everyone, the location people, the police department, the stuntmen, the director and Steve, would get into discussions. We realized we didn't know what to do because no one had ever done this before." What hadn't been done before was a chase scene, done "at speed"(up to 110 miles per hour) through the city streets and not on a movie studio back lot. Bud Elkins said, "I think it was the first time they did a complete car chase at normal camera speed. What you saw is what really happened. It was real!" McQueen was determined to have "the best car chase ever done," recalls Carey Loftin. "I told Steve I knew a lot about camera angles and speeds to make it look fast. You can undercrank the camera so you can control everything in the scene. Then when it's run, it'll look like high speed and the car will appear to be handling real well." McQueen refused to hear of it, and advised Loftin that money was no object. "Fine," Loftin replied. "Until you run out of money, you've got to stop me!" In an interview with Motor Trend magazine, Steve McQueen related his desire to bring a high speed chase to the screen. "I always felt a motor racing sequence in the street, a chase in the street, could be very exciting because you have the reality objects to work with, like bouncing off a parked ca
Coral reef Often called "rainforests of the sea", shallow coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species,[1][2][3][4] including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians.[5] Paradoxically, coral reefs flourish even though they are surrounded by ocean waters that provide few nutrients. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, but deep water and cold water corals also exist on smaller scales in other areas.
Hayley Nichole Williams (born December 27, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. She serves as the lead vocalist, primary songwriter and occasional keyboardist of the rock band Paramore. The band was formed in 2004 by Josh Farro, Zac Farro, Jeremy Davis and Williams. The band consists of Hayley Williams, Zac Farro and Taylor York. The band has five studio albums: "All We Know Is Falling" (2005), "Riot!" (2007), "Brand New Eyes" (2009), "Paramore" (2013) and "After Laughter" (2017).
Area code 256 is found in the US state of Alabama. Primarily servicing the city of Huntsville (population: 194871), area code 256 covers 22 counties of Alabama. Located in the Central time zone, area code 256 is on the same time as Chicago, IL.Area code 256 was brought into effect on March 23, 1998.rimarily servicing the city of Huntsville (population: 194871), area code 256 covers 22 counties of Alabama. Located in the Central time zone, area code 256 is on the same time as Chicago, IL. Area code 256 was brought into effect on March 23, 1998.
A mole is a massive structure , usually of stone , used as a pier , breakwater , or a causeway between places separated by water . The word comes from Middle French mole , ultimately from Latin mōlēs , meaning a large mass , especially of rock , and it has the same root as molecule . A mole may have a wooden structure built on top of it that resembles a wooden pier . The defining feature of a mole , however , is that water can not freely flow underneath it , unlike a true pier . The oldest known mole is at Wadi al-Jarf , an ancient Egyptian harbor complex on the Red Sea .
The Birth of the child happens when you are actively playing the game, Fallout Shelter will wait for you to log back in before delivering the baby. After deliver the birth of the baby, a âchildâ dweller will take about 3 hours to be grown into contributing adults. However, during this period a child will consume resources in Food and Water just like any of your vault dwellers. Strategies to Handle Pregnant Women in Fallout Shelter.
Diff colitis and bacterial infections which can be checked by doing stool test.Other factors are including no compliant with medications, stress, dietary and taking Aspirin or nsaids such as motrin, aleve (naproxen) or other similar meds. One causes that need to be rule out in case of flare ups are infections of colon especially c. Diff colitis and bacterial infections which can be checked by doing stool test.Other factors are including no compliant with medications, stress, dietary and taking Aspirin or nsaids such as motrin, aleve (naproxen) or other similar meds.
Purpose of FICA. The Social Security Act was established on Aug. 14, 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It requires that employers, employees and self-employed people pay Social Security tax.The money is used to pay benefits to eligible disabled individuals, retirees, survivors of the deceased, and dependents of beneficiaries.he Social Security Act was established on Aug. 14, 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It requires that employers, employees and self-employed people pay Social Security tax. The money is used to pay benefits to eligible disabled individuals, retirees, survivors of the deceased, and dependents of beneficiaries.
Peter Pan (1953 film) In 2007, Disney released a 2-disc Platinum Edition DVD of the film. A Blu-Ray Diamond Edition of the film was released on February 5, 2013, to celebrate the movie's 60th anniversary.[33][34] A DVD and digital copy of the Diamond Edition was also released on August 20, 2013.[35]
Catherine of Braganza \| Marrying Cultures Catherine of Braganza English Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) was the Portuguese wife of Charles II, King of England (1630-1685) from 1662-1685. Catherine was born into the House of Braganza, the most senior noble house in Portugal. Her father, John, 8th Duke of Braganza, was proclaimed King John IV in 1640 after leading a rebellion which ended sixty years of Spanish rule in Portugal. Portugal was not recognised as a state by most European powers (this was due to Spain disputing the legitimacy of its independence), and the marriage of Catherine to a foreign prince was therefore a vehicle of gaining some recognition. Plans in this regard are largely thought to have been masterminded by Catherine’s mother, Queen Luisa. After attempts to secure an alliance with John of Austria and Louis XIV of France failed, Charles II – newly restored as King of England following civil war and eleven years of republicanism – became the most attractive suitor. The marriage of Charles and Catherine, then, was a source of political stability and legitimacy for both of their respective houses. The attractiveness of Catherine to the English Crown was due in large part to the huge dowry which the Portuguese offered, alongside colonies including Bombay and Tangier, as part of the marriage treaty. That the vast majority of the dowry remained unpaid was a significant source of tension, and undoubtedly constrained Catherine’s ability to become a political actor in England. More significant was Catherine’s ‘failure’ to produce an heir to the English throne (the main purpose of a Queen Consort), and the fact that her life at court was dictated to a significant degree by her rivalry with Charles II’s mistresses, most noticeably Barbara Palmer and, latterly, Louise de Kéroualle. Despite this somewhat pessimistic picture of Catherine’s significance, more recent research is beginning to suggest that she had considerable agency in areas of culture – whether her impact was as large as Henrietta Maria (the Queen Consort of Charles I of England) remains to be tested; as does the extent to which her presence impacted upon English Catholicism. Following Charles II’s death in 1685, Catherine remained in England throughout the reign of James II and, following the Glorious Revolution of 1688/9, into that of William and Mary. Her relationship with the latter was strained (largely by questions of Catherine’s Catholicism) and Catherine returned to Portugal in 1692, where her brother Peter II was King. Following bouts of illness he suffered in 1701 and 1704-05, Catherine became the regent of Portugal. She died at the Bemposta Palace in Lisbon on 31 December 1705 and was buried at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora, Lisbon. The two legends which she is often associated with – the introduction of tea into England and the naming of the New York borough of Queens after her – are not significantly substantiated by any contemporary source material. Areas of Research Catholicism: English Protestantism was vehemently anti-Catholic; yet Catherine was the third Catholic Queen of England in the seventeenth century. Assessing how her faith: caused friction at Court and in the nation more broadly; provided Catherine with both an element of curiosity and an aura of suspicion (particularly during the time of the Popish Plot, 1678-82); often her the ability to make a cultural impact in England (through the patronage of sacred music and the maintenance of several houses of friars) allows us to better assess the intertwined relationship of politics and culture which determined a consorts status in her adopted country. Culture: Catherine is often seen as an insignificant political figure. Did she – as was often the case with Queens Consort – substitute culture influence for political power? Although the court of Charles II is generally seen to have been decidedly Francophone, assessing whether or not Catherine injected elements of Italian culture (in music and portraiture in particular) will be assessed; as will the extent to which her Portu
Freddie Stroma Frederic Wilhelm C.J. Sjöström[1] (born 8 January 1987[2][better source needed]), known professionally as Freddie Stroma, is a British actor and model, best known for playing Cormac McLaggen in the Harry Potter film series and Luke in the 2011 musical comedy film A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song. He starred as Adam Cromwell on the dramedy series Unreal, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2015. He starred as Brit Vayner in the 2016 Michael Bay war film, 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. In 2016, he played H.G. Wells in the ABC series, Time After Time.
Severns Valley Baptist Church is a Baptist church located in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, USA. Founded by a group of eighteen people in June 1781, it was organized in Severns Valley (now Elizabethtown) and is Kentucky's oldest Baptist church. It has hosted events by performers such as Ricky Skaggs, The Crabb Family, pureNRG, and Vicky Courtney.
Milton Winternitz led the Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department, and built numerous new buildings. Progress toward his plans for an Institute of Human Relations, envisioned as a refuge where social scientists would collaborate with biological scientists in a holistic study of humankind, unfortunately lasted for only a few years before the opposition of resentful anti-Semitic colleagues drove him to resign.
Wyoming -LSB- waɪˈoʊmɪŋ -RSB- is a state in the mountain region of the western United States . The state is the tenth largest by area , the least populous and the second least densely populated state in the country . Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana , on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska , on the south by Colorado , on the southwest by Utah , and on the west by Idaho . Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming , with a population estimate of 63,335 in 2015 . The state population was estimated at 586,107 in 2015 , which is less than the population of 31 of the largest U.S. cities . The western two-thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the Rocky Mountains , while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains . Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the U.S. government , leading Wyoming to rank sixth in the United States in total acres and fifth in percentage of a state 's land owned by the federal government . The federal lands include two national parksGrand Teton and Yellowstonetwo national recreation areas and two national monuments , as well as several national forests , historic sites , fish hatcheries , and wildlife refuges . The Crow , Arapaho , Lakota , and Shoshone were some of the original inhabitants of the region . Southwestern Wyoming was included in the Spanish Empire and then Mexican territory until it was ceded to the United States in 1848 at the end of the Mexican -- American War . The region acquired the name Wyoming when a bill was introduced to Congress in 1865 to provide a `` temporary government for the territory of Wyoming . '' The territory was named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania , with the name ultimately being derived from the Munsee word xwé : wamənk , meaning `` at the big river flat . '' The mineral-extraction industryespecially coal , oil , natural gas , and tronaalong with the travel and tourism sector , are the main drivers behind Wyoming 's economy . Agriculture has historically been an important component of the state economy with the main commodities being livestock -LRB- beef -RRB- , hay , sugar beets , grain -LRB- wheat and barley -RRB- , and wool . The climate is generally semi-arid and continental , being drier and windier in comparison to the rest of the United States , with greater temperature extremes . Except for the 1964 election , Wyoming has been a politically conservative state since the 1950s , with the Republican party winning every presidential election .
Metals are good conductors of heat, i.e., they allow heat to pass through them easily. Due to this property, we use metal utensils in kitchens. Heat supplied at one place of the utensil is conducted all over it. You cannot use a frying pan made of, say, cardboard because it is a bad conductor of heat.
The average short-term recovery time for a total hip replacement is 10 to 12 weeks. Long-term Recovery. Long-term hip replacement recovery involves the complete healing of surgical wounds and internal soft tissues. When a patient can return to work and the activities of daily living, they are on the way to achieving the full term of recovery. Another indicator is when the patient finally feels normal again. The average long-term recovery for total hip replacement patients is approximately 6 months.
Speech or Language Impairments Definition Speech and language impairment is defined as a communication disorder that adversely affects the child's ability to talk, understand, read, and write. This disability category can be divided into two groups: speech impairments and language impairments. Prevalence Speech and language impairments are considered a high-incidence disability. Approximately 20% of children receiving special education services are receiving services for speech and language disorders. This estimate does not include children who receive services for speech and language disorders that are secondary to other conditions such as deafness. More than one-half (55.2%) of all 3-, 4-, and 5-year olds with a disability receive speech and language services. Characteristics Speech Impairments There are three basic types of speech impairments: articulation disorders, fluency disorders, and voice disorders. Articulation disorders are errors in the production of speech sounds that may be related to anatomical or physiological limitations in the skeletal, muscular, or neuromuscular support for speech production. These disorders include: Omissions: (bo for boat)Substitutions: (wabbit for rabbit)Distortions: (shlip for sip)Fluency disorders are difficulties with the rhythm and timing of speech characterized by hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases. Common fluency disorders include: Stuttering: rapid-fire repetitions of consonant or vowel sounds especially at the beginning of words, prolongations, hesitations, interjections, and complete verbal blocks Cluttering: excessively fast and jerky speech Voice disorders are problems with the quality or use of one's voice resulting from disorders in the larynx. Voice disorders are characterized by abnormal production and/or absences of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration. Language Impairments There are five basic areas of language impairments: phonological disorders, morphological disorders, semantic disorders, syntactical deficits, and pragmatic difficulties. Phonological disorders are defined as the abnormal organization of the phonological system, or a significant deficit in speech production or perception. A child with a phonological disorder may be described as hard to understand or as not saying the sounds correctly. Apraxia of speech is a specific phonological disorder where the student may want to speak but has difficulty planning what to say and the motor movements to use. Morphological disorders are defined as difficulties with morphological inflections (inflections on nouns, verbs, and adjectives that signal different kinds of meanings). Semantic disorders are characterized by poor vocabulary development, inappropriate use of word meanings, and/or inability to comprehend word meanings. These students will demonstrate restrictions in word meanings, difficulty with multiple word meanings, excessive use of nonspecific terms (e.g., thing and stuff), and indefinite references (e.g., that and there). Syntactic deficits are characterized by difficulty in acquiring the rules that govern word order and others aspects of grammar such as subject-verb agreement. Typically, these students produce shorter and less elaborate sentences with fewer cohesive conjunctions than their peers. Pragmatic difficulties are characterized as problems in understanding and using language in different social contexts. These students may lack an understanding of the rules for making eye contact, respecting personal space, requesting information, and introducing topics. Impact on Learning Speech and language disorders are problems in communication and related areas such as oral motor function. Delays and disorders may range from so subtle that they have little or no impact on daily living and socialization to the inability to produce speech or to understand and use language. Fortunately, only a very small percentage of children are at the most extreme of severity. However, because of the importance of language and communication skills in a child's development even mild to moderate disorders or disturbances can have a profound effect on all aspects of life, sometimes isolating children from their peers and their educational environments. Teaching Strategies As with all students who receive special education services, collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team is necessary. Students with speech or language disorders will receive services from many education professionals, including general education teachers, special education teachers, and speech-language pathologists. Speech-language pathologists provide a variety of professional services aimed at helping people develop effective communication skills. These services may include: Helping children with articulation disorders to learn proper production of speech sounds Helping children who stutter to speak more fluently Assisting children with voice disorders to improve their voice quality Helping individuals with aphasia to relearn speech and language skills Assisting individuals who have difficulty swallowing as a result of illness, surgery, stroke, or injury Evaluating, selecting, and developing augmentative and alternative communication systems Enhancing communication effectiveness The general education teacher should work with the speech-language pathologist to incorporate strategies to help the student generalize strategies mastered in speech therapy. This may include corrective measures, helping with speech and language exercises, and providing the student with immediate feedback when the speech-language pathologist is not present. The general education and special education teacher should both collaborate with the speech-language pathologist for interventions and teaching strategies. Assistive Technology For students with speech and language impairments, the major types of assistive technology can be divided into two areas. First, students with speech and language impairments have an array of computer software packages available to develop their speech and language skills. An example is First Words, a language program that has a number of applications for teaching those who are developing or reacquiring language functions. The program uses graphic presentations combined with synthesized speech to teach high-frequency nouns, and is one of many software packages that can help develop both speech and language. Secondly, students with speech and language impairments may use augmentative or alternative communication (AAC). AAC is the use of symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques to enhance the communication process. This includes sign language and various communication boards, both manual and electronic, that are used by individuals with impaired oral motor skills. The most basic AAC devices are non-electronic communication boards. The boards usually are limited to a number of choices (two to four). The choices can be represented by real items, pictures of items, and symbols for items (including print). The objective of the communication board is to have the student make a choice, typically of food or activity. Electronic AAC devices range from very simple devices with few buttons (such as the Cheap Talk) to very elaborate systems that use a keyboard and synthesized speech (such as the Dyna Vox and Liberator). Organizations Texas Speech-Language-Hearing Association In the state of Texas, there are approximately 8,000 speech-language pathologists and audiologists. The mission of this association is to empower speech-language pathologists and audiologists in the spirit of partnership with consumers and families. TSHA is committed to achieving excellence in education, professional development, and leadership through the application of the human and financial resources of the association.918 Congress Avenue, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78701Web: www.txsha.org Alliance for Technology Access The mission of the Alliance for Technology Access (ATA) is to increase the use of technology by children and adults with disabilities and functional limitations. Through public education, information and referral, capacity building in community organizations, and advocacy/policy efforts, the ATA enables millions of people to live, learn, work, define their futures, and achieve their dreams.2175 E. Francisco Boulevard, Suite L San Rafael, CA 94901American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is the professional, scientific, and credentialing association for more than 130,000 members and affiliates who are speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists in the United States and internationally. Empowering and supporting speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists by: advocating on behalf of persons with communication and related disorders; advancing communication science, and promoting effective human communication2200 Research Blvd. # 325 Rockville, MD 20852Email: actioncenter@asha.org Web: www.asha.org Center for Disability and Development Dept. of Educational Psychology 4225 Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-4225Email: cdd@tamu.edu Web: cdd.tamu.edu Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America (CASANA)The Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association is a 501 (c) (3) non-profit publicly funded charity whose mission is to strengthen the support systems in the lives of children with apraxia so that each child is afforded their best opportunity to develop speech. The Goals of the organization include providing multimedia information on CAS to families, professionals, policy-makers and other members of the public; creating and supporting networking and partnership opportunities for parents and professionals to benefit children with CAS; facilitating better public policy and services for children affected by the disorder; providing training and educational opportunities for families and professionals; and encourage/fund research in childhood apraxia of speech and to co-sponsor a biennial scientific research symposium.123 Eisele Road Cheswick, PA 15024Email: helpdesk@apraxia.org Web: www.apraxia-kids.org Cleft Palate Foundation The mission of CPF is to provide the essential information and research that enhances the quality of life for individuals affected by cleft lip and palate and other facial birth defects.104 South Estes Drive, Suite 204 Chapel Hill, NC 27514Email: info@cleftline.org Web: www.cleftline.org Easter Seals (National Office)Easter Seals offers help, hope and answers to more than a million children and adults living with autism and other disabilities or special needs and their families each year. Services and support are provided through a network of more than 550 sites in the U. S. Each center provides exceptional services that are individualized, innovative, family-focused and tailored to meet specific needs of the particular community served.230 West Monroe Street, Suite 1800 Chicago, IL 60606Email: info@easter-seals.org Web: www.easter-seals.org Scottish Rite Foundation The Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States oversees a program to help children with speech and language disorders. The Rite Care clinics provide diagnostic evaluation and treatment of speech and language disorders, as well as learning disabilities. Today, there are 170 Rite Care® clinics, centers, and special programs operating or planned for children and therapists located throughout the United States. Each facility is staffed by speech-language pathologists or other trained personnel. Southern Jurisdiction, U. S. A., Inc. 1733 Sixteenth Street, N. W. Washington, DC 20009-3199Web: www.srmason-sj.org References Gargiulo, R. M. (2006). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Turnbull, A., Turnbull, R. & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2007). Exceptional lives: Special education in today's schools. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
Lake Tahoe Lake Tahoe (/ˈtɑːhoʊ/; Washo: dáʔaw) is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the United States. Lying at 6,225 ft (1,897 m), it straddles the state line between California and Nevada, west of Carson City. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America,[3] and at 122,160,280 acre⋅ft (150,682,490 dam3) trails only the five Great Lakes as the largest by volume in the United States. Its depth is 1,645 ft (501 m), making it the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon (1,945 ft (593 m)).[1]
Superior Vena Cava Superior Vena Cava Contents Anatomy Function Clinical Notes Superior Vena Cava Obstruction (SVCO)Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)Superior Vena Cava Thrombosis Superior Vena Cava Aneurysm Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC)Anatomy The superior vena cava (SVC, also known as the cava or cva) is a short, but large diameter vein located in the anterior right superior mediastinum. Embryologically, the SVC is formed by the left and right brachiocephalic veins (also known as the innominate veins) that also receive blood from the upper limbs, certain parts of the head, one being the eyes, and neck. Superior vena cava - ventral view There is no valve that divides the SVC from the right atrium, which conducts blood from right atrial and right ventricular contractions upwards into the internal jugular vein (seen as the jugular venous pressure) and sternocleidomastoid muscle . Superior vena cava - lateral-right view Positionally, the SVC begins behind the lower border of the 1st right costal cartilage and descends vertically behind the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces to drain into the right atrium at the level of the 3rd costal cartilage. Its lower half is covered by a fibrous pericardium, which is pierced by the SVC at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage. Recommended video: Superior vena cava Anatomy and function of the superior vena cava. Function The SVC is one of the 2 large veins by which blood is returned from the body to the right side of the heart. After circulating through the body systemically, deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium of the heart through either the SVC, which drains the upper body, or the inferior vena cava (IVC) that drains everything below the diaphragm. Clinical Notes Superior Vena Cava Obstruction (SVCO)This usually refers to a partial or complete obstruction of the SVC, often in the context of cancer (lung cancer, metastatic cancer, or lymphoma). Clinically this obstruction can lead to enlarged veins in the head and neck, and cause shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing). A clinical test known as Pemberton’s sign can be performed to identify this condition. A positive Pemberton's sign is marked by facial congestion and cyanosis (and/or respiratory distress) after 1 minute of having the patient elevate both arms until they touch the sides of the face. This sign is indicative of superior vena cava syndrome, commonly the result of a mass in the mediastinum. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)This syndrome refers to a group of symptoms caused by the obstruction of the SVC. More than 90% of the cases of SVC obstruction are caused by cancer, most commonly bronchogenic carcinoma, which includes small cell and non-small cell lung carcinoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphomas, pre-T-cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and other acute leukemias. Characteristic symptoms are edema of the arms and face, development of swollen collateral veins on the front of the chest wall, shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing, stridor, cough, and neurological symptoms (reduced alertness, etc. from edema in the brain or airway compromise). Again, Pemberton’s sign can be used to identify an SVCO. Superior Vena Cava Thrombosis The thrombosis often occurs from a thrombus around a long-term central venous catheter (CVC), especially in cancer patients with permanent indwelling CVCs. CVC-related thrombosis is as high as 30% in adults. However, patients can be treated with thrombolytics or anticoagulants, or by removal of the catheter. Superior Vena Cava Aneurysm Venous aneurysms arising from the mediastinal systemic veins are extremely rare, with the majority being fusiform (“spindle-shaped”) aneurysms that arise from the SVC. Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC)A PLSVC is an embryologic remnant that is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system, resulting from a failure to involute during embryologic development.
Flotation About Watch and Favorite Watch Watching this resources will notify you when proposed changes or new versions are created so you can keep track of improvements that have been made. Favorite Favoriting this resource allows you to save it in the “My Resources” tab of your account. There, you can easily access this resource later when you’re ready to customize it or assign it to your students. Flotation An object floats if the buoyancy force exerted on it by the fluid balances its weight. Learning Objective Express the relationship between the buoyancy force and the weight for a floating object Key Points The buoyancy force experienced by an object depends on its shape. The fraction of an object's volume that's submerged is given by the ratio of its average density to that of the fluid : $\\bar{\\rho}_\\mathrm{obj}/\\rho_\\mathrm{fl}$ . An object floats if the buoyancy force exerted on it by the fluid balances its weight . Term Register for FREE to remove ads and unlock more features! Learn more Full Text Why do some objects float, but others don't? If you put a metal coin into a glass of water it will sink. But most ships are built of metal, and they float. So how is this possible? Condition for Flotation An object will float if the buoyancy force exerted on it by the fluid balances its weight, i.e. if $F_B = mg$ . But the Archimedes principle states that the buoyant force is the weight of the fluid displaced. So, for a floating object on a liquid, the weight of the displaced liquid is the weight of the object. Thus, only in the special case of floating does the buoyant force acting on an object equal the object's weight. Consider a one-ton block of solid iron. As iron is nearly eight times denser than water, it displaces only 1/8 ton of water when submerged, which is not enough to keep it afloat. Suppose the same iron block is reshaped into a bowl. It still weighs one ton, but when it is put in water, it displaces a greater volume of water than when it was a block. The deeper the iron bowl is immersed, the more water it displaces, and the greater the buoyant force acting on it. When the buoyant force equals one ton, it will sink no further. When any boat displaces a weight of water equal to its own weight, it floats. This is often called the "principle of flotation" where a floating object displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight. Every ship, submarine, and dirigible must be designed to displace a weight of fluid equal to its own weight. A 10,000-ton ship must be built wide enough to displace 10,000 tons of water before it sinks too deep in the water. The same is true for vessels in air (as air is a fluid): A dirigible that weighs 100 tons displaces at least 100 tons of air; if it displaces more, it rises; if it displaces less, it falls. If the dirigible displaces exactly its weight, it hovers at a constant altitude. Flotation and Density Density plays a crucial role in Archimedes' principle. The average density of an object is what ultimately determines whether it floats. If its average density is less than that of the surrounding fluid, it will float. This is because the fluid, having a higher density, contains more mass and thus more weight in the same volume. The buoyant force, which equals the weight of the fluid displaced, is thus greater than the weight of the object. Likewise, an object denser than the fluid will sink. The extent to which a floating object is submerged depends on how the object's density is related to that of the fluid. For example, an unloaded ship has a lower density, and less of it is submerged compared with the same ship loaded with cargo . We can derive a quantitative expression for the fraction submerged by considering density. The fraction submerged is the ratio of the volume submerged to the volume of the object, or
Qualification types in the United Kingdom Bachelor's degrees are at level 6 on the FHEQ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland; Scottish ordinary bachelor's degrees are at level 9 of the SCQF and honours bachelor's degrees at level 10. All UK bachelor's degrees are first cycle (end of cycle) qualifications in the Bologna Process.
Weighted grade calculation. The weighted grade is equal to the sum of the product of the weights (w) in percent (%) times the grade (g):Weighted grade = w 1 Ã g 1 + w 2 Ã g 2 + w 3 Ã g 3 +... When the weights are not in percent (hours or points...), you should also divided by the sum of the weights:Weighted grade = (w 1 Ã g 1 + w 2 Ã g 2 + w 3 Ã g 3 +...) / (w 1 + w 2 + w 3 +...).eighted grade calculation. The weighted grade is equal to the sum of the product of the weights (w) in percent (%) times the grade (g):
1 Hiring a mechanic to replace a timing chain typically costs $300-$1,000, depending on the make and model of the vehicle, its age and whether the work is performed at a dealership or an independent shop.2 Purchased separately, a timing chain typically costs $50-$250 or more. One owner of a 1993 Nissan 240SX asked an Internet forum what the typical cost for a timing chain for that car was, and the answers ranged from $200 to $400. 2 By comparison, in a similar forum, an owner of a 2004 Cadillac SRX was quoted prices of about $300.
The reality is that most don't, but they're turned off just in case. Take-offs and landings are when there is the most activity (at least for pilots and co-pilots) during a flight. To prevent the chance of electronics interfering with some instrumentation they need while making quick decisions, the FAA requires that electronic devices be off.
The Samoan word for dance is siva with unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tells a story, although the Samoan male dances can be more physical and snappy. The sasa is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid synchronised movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (pate) or rolled mats. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. This is believed to have been derived from slapping insects on the body.
Space Ranger Roger. Space Ranger Roger is a plucky little alien hero sent to help a strange, faraway worldâ¦Earth! No assignment is too big or too small. Rogerâs motto is, âA friend in need is a mission for me!â Along with his trusty squad of Ranger Bots, and his bot dog, Rover, Roger can always get the job done. Each day, Roger scans the surface of our small blue planet from orbit aboard the Friend Ship.
Valve Jobs Done Right. A close-up of a Honda CB750 SOHC valve seat. Though the upper 30 degree and the lower 60 degree shapes have been rough cut using Neway cutters, the 45 degree cut in the middle, the one that counts because it is the actual sealing surface, has the benefit of a stoned surface, the best possible with hand tools. Ah, valve jobs.
Blackjack, as played, has enough of a history (that is, a history with the current deck, not a history as in "500 years ago...") so that you can know the odds going forward and adjust your bets accordingly. Compare that to roulette. Every spin of the roulette wheel has the exact same odds, which favor the casino. By the end of a particular blackjack shoe, the odds might slightly favor the player. If you know that, and bet high when the odds are in your favor and low when they are not, you can come out ahead. There are lots of ways that casinos prevent this, but it is at least conceivable to do. With roulette, it's impossible. I am unfamiliar with the rules of most other games, but I don't believe any have a known history like blackjack.
Yes. There is a point at which the nervous system is overloaded and just stops processing input. That's pretty much why people who are self-immolating can just sit there in a completely calm state or even walk around like a normal person. The only people completely on fire that run around screaming are the ones that actually don't want to die.
Kendo, the company who owns Fenty Beauty, also owns Kat Von D Beauty, Marc Jacobs Beauty, Bite Beauty, and another beauty company. I donât think any celebrity, no matter how rich, would want to foot the bill for creating a huge cosmetics company from the ground up and fight the battle of getting into the stores.
The Sea Lion Personality These charming pinnipeds are agile, sleek and energetic with an eagerness to their spirit that's irresistibly compelling. The sea lion can be described as a combination of the dog and dolphin personalities - Part carnivore, part sea dweller, it is well groomed with an attractive mind and body. Like the dolphin, sea lions are pleasure connoisseurs who can be quite lazy when it comes to putting in a solid day's work. With the dog's loyalty and generosity, it manages to charm everyone with its effervescence. Sea Lions Are Profligate Sea lions have little respect for the value of money, and even though they have the talent to accumulate vast wealth they're much more likely to be found at the beach. Alas, the lack of money doesn't discourage the sea lion from those spending sprees that leave it in debt, for saving for the future is never a priority and sea lions are forever emptying the penny jar or mooching a few bucks to buy a tuna sandwich. The sea lion's agile mind is exercised by long hours of debate on issues of philosophy. Their lazy dispositions, however, can result in conversations that lack substance and logical grounding. Still, they are curious about the universe, paying particular attention to numerology and astrology. Their cheerful dispositions belie a hot tempered core. When reacting assertively, their attack comes in the form of a sharp, barked retort, but they have no natural enemies and their slippery personas provide sufficient defense in the event of an attack. Sea Lions in the Workplace Their smooth personalities are well suited to a wide range of sales positions. Whether selling real estate or motor vehicles, they are skillful, enthusiastic and sincere. Their straightforward, genuine desire to help others shines through in their work and others instinctively trust them. However, their careers suffer from lack of motivation, for they are prone to rest on their laurels. Their irrepressible nature craves the spotlight and they enjoy performing, telling stories and hogging the attention of their large group of friends. An aggressive streak serves sea lions well in jobs that require physical and emotional strength, and they are a good fit for careers as police officers, air traffic controllers, paramedics or lifeguards. As entrepreneurs with high levels of self-esteem, sea lions confidently plunge into risky business ventures. This confidence is not always warranted however, and they often find themselves in both financial and social trouble. Luckily, their natural buoyancy always helps them keep their head above water. Sea Lions in the Wild Sea lions are one of the few land mammals that have returned to the sea to eke out a living. Supremely well adapted for life in a rocky, unpredictable environment, they have even evolved "rubber" ribs made from soft cartilage to protect them when swimming around rocks in high seas. Like their dolphin companions, sea lions have developed a rudimentary sonar system but their eyesight is the preferred hunting tool. It is the California sea lion that is commonly seen performing in circuses and animal parks, and the creature's intelligence and social expertise make it a perennial crowd favorite.
Summer Wars (Japanese: サマーウォーズ , Hepburn: Samā Wōzu ) is a 2009 Japanese animated science fiction film directed by Mamoru Hosoda, animated by Madhouse and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film's voice cast includes Ryunosuke Kamiki, Nanami Sakuraba, Mitsuki Tanimura, Sumiko Fuji and Ayumu Saitō. The film tells the story of Kenji Koiso, a timid eleventh-grade math genius who is taken to Ueda by twelfth-grade student Natsuki Shinohara to celebrate her great-grandmother's 90th birthday. However, he is falsely implicated in the hacking of a virtual world by a sadistic artificial intelligence named Love Machine. Kenji must repair the damage done to it and find a way to stop the rogue computer program from causing any further damage.
The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes. This has led to mass protests from the Niger-Delta inhabitants and Amnesty International against Shell and Friends of the Earth Netherlands. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental groups, and human rights groups. In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.
Mollymook is located on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia approximately three hours' drive south of Sydney within the City of Shoalhaven local government area. At the 2016 census , Mollymook had a population of 1,083 while the adjacent locality of Mollymook Beach was home to a further 2,447 people. Geographically, Mollymook is considered part of the Milton-Ulladulla district, a coastal corridor of urban development stretching from Burrill Lake, south of Ulladulla to Mollymook's northern neighbour, Narrawallee and the historic town of Milton a few kilometres inland.
Noble gas The noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable under standard conditions. They were once labeled groupÂ 0 in the periodic table because it was believed they had a valence of zero, meaning their atoms cannot combine with those of other elements to form compounds. However, it was later discovered some do indeed form compounds, causing this label to fall into disuse.[9]
The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland , California . The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- as a member of the league 's Western Conference Pacific Division . The team was established in 1946 as the Philadelphia Warriors based in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , a founding member of the Basketball Association of America -LRB- BAA -RRB- . In 1962 , the franchise relocated to the San Francisco Bay Area and was renamed the San Francisco Warriors . In 1971 , the team changed its geographic moniker to Golden State , California 's state nickname . Since 1971 , the team 's home court has been the Oracle Arena in Oakland . The team is nicknamed the `` Dubs . '' The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals , winning four NBA championships in 1947 , 1956 , 1975 and most recently in 2015 when they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers . Golden State 's four NBA championships are the fifth most in history behind only the Boston Celtics -LRB- 17 -RRB- , Los Angeles Lakers -LRB- 16 -RRB- , Chicago Bulls -LRB- 6 -RRB- and San Antonio Spurs -LRB- 5 -RRB- . Wilt Chamberlain and Stephen Curry have both been named the NBA 's Most Valuable Player while playing for the Warriors , for a total of three MVP awards . Golden State holds the NBA record for best regular season with 73 -- 9 and most combined wins in a season -LRB- regular season and postseason -RRB- with 88 wins .
Lost in Japan Lars Brandle of Billboard wrote that the song "opens with a subtle spell of piano then changes gears with a fat bass sound and groove".[11] It transformed from "a slow, piano-driven number" into "a passionate, hook-laden love song", according to CBS Radio's Robyn Collins.[12] Lyrically, Mendes offers to travel the globe in order to be closer to his love interest.[13]
Roast drumsticks for approximately 30 to 40 minutes in an oven thatâs preheated to 425 F. To make a one-dish meal, roast chicken drumsticks on a bed of sliced or cubed potatoes and flavorful vegetables such as chopped kale, sliced onions and minced garlic.ven-frying chicken works for skin-on or skinless drumsticks. Preheat your oven to 400 F. Season the drumsticks with salt and pepper. Place breadcrumbs or panko bread crumbs in a shallow bowl. Season the breadcrumbs, if desired, with your preferred seasonings, such as garlic and paprika.
Thyroid Gland Anatomy Thyroid Gland Anatomy August 5, 2014 By @Thyroid Clinic Thyroid Gland Anatomy -2Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 12:00About thyroid gland anatomy The thyroid gland is located in the neck. It is described as having a butterfly shape, because it has a right lobe and a left lobe that are connected in the centre by a thinner segment of thyroid tissue, called the isthmus. Within the neck, the thyroid gland is located between the C5 and T1 vertebra, and overlies the second, third and fourth cartilage rings supporting the trachea (windpipe). The thyroid gland has a rich blood supply to ensure that the hormones produced in the gland have ready access to the bloodstream so that they can circulate around the body. On average, the thyroid gland weighs approximately 30 grams. It tends to weigh more in women, and increases in size during menstruation and pregnancy. Surrounding Structures In the neck, the thyroid gland is surrounded by a number of other important anatomical structures. Anteriorly (towards the front of the thyroid gland), the gland is covered by muscles of the neck, called the sternohyoid and the sternothyroid muscles. The thyroid gland itself is covered by a capsule made of connective tissue. The parathyroid glands, which are small, related endocrine glands that make parathyroid hormone, are often found within the connective tissue capsule on the posterior (back) surface of the gland. However, the position of the parathyroid glands is variable. The isthmus of the thyroid gland lies over the trachea, and the left and right lobes contact the sides of the trachea. The oesophagus sits behind the trachea, and the very rear portion of the right and left lobes may contact the sides of the oesophagus. A number of important structures lie posterior to the thyroid gland. The carotid sheath contains the common carotid artery, the interior jugular vein, the vagus nerve and deep lymph nodes of the neck. The carotid sheaths are bilateral; that is, there is a carotid sheath on both the left and the right sides of the neck. The carotid sheaths are posterior relations of both the left and the right lobes of the thyroid gland. Further posterior to the carotid sheaths are the vertebrae of the neck, and other nerves, arteries and veins. There are also muscles of the neck, such as the scalene muscles sitting behind the thyroid gland. Blood Supply The thyroid gland has a rich blood supply, ensuring that the hormones it produces can enter the bloodstream and reach other organs and tissues. The main arteries supplying the thyroid gland are the superior thyroid arteries and the inferior thyroid arteries. The superior thyroid arteries are the first branches of the external carotid arteries. They travel downwards to the upper part of the thyroid gland and then branch into an anterior division (towards the front) and a posterior division (towards the back) which supply the upper, anterior part of the gland. The inferior thyroid arteries branch from the subclavian arteries and run behind the carotid sheath and reach the posterior aspect of the gland. Here, the inferior thyroid arteries divide into a number of branches that supply the lower, posterior parts of the gland. There are 3 main pairs of veins which drain the thyroid gland. The superior thyroid veins drain the upper part of the thyroid gland, the middle thyroid veins drain the central parts of the thyroid gland and the inferior thyroid veins drain the lower part of the thyroid gland. The veins form a plexus (a network of connecting tributaries of the major veins) on the anterior surface of the gland. The superior and middle thyroid veins drain the blood from the thyroid gland into the internal jugular veins, and the inferior thyroid veins drain into the brachiocephalic veins. Thyroid gland nerve supply The thyroid gland is innervated by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, arising from the sympathetic trunk in the neck (specifically, nerves from the superior, middle and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia). It is important to note that the nerves do not influence the secretion of hormones from the gland; this is purely under the control of the pituitary gland, which releases thyroid-stimulating hormone into the bloodstream to signal to the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. The nerves to the thyroid gland travel there via different plexuses, including the cardiac plexus, superior and inferior thyroid peri-arterial plexuses. In general, the nerves are often found accompanying the inferior and superior thyroid arteries. Variations in anatomy In some people, there is another lobe of the thyroid gland, which is often called the pyramidal lobe. When present, the pyramidal lobe generally branches off the isthmus and ascends superiorly in the direction of the hyoid bone. The pyramidal lobe may be attached to a fibrous band of tissue, which is sometimes called the levator of the thyroid gland. The pyramidal lobe has no real clinical significance and does not cause any problems. Its presence is linked to the embryology of the thyroid gland, which initially develops at the base of the tongue and descends into the neck via a passage known as the thyroglossal duct. It is believed that the pyramidal lobe is essentially the remnant of the bottom part of the duct that contains thyroid tissue. Normally the thyroglossal duct regresses, however, in some people, portions of the duct remain and form thyroglossal duct cysts. These cysts may be visible when the person is swallowing, and move upwards when the tongue is poked out. They are usually painless; however they may cause some pain when the person is swallowing, or if they become infected. The cysts may be removed surgically. In some people, thyroglossal duct remnants may contain thyroid tissue outside of the gland itself; this is known as ectopic thyroid tissue. Another abnormality related to the embryology of the thyroid gland is called lingual thyroid. This is where thyroid tissue is found at the base of the tongue, in the location where the thyroid gland develops initially during foetal life – this region is called the foramen caecum. People with lingual thyroid glands often experience pain when swallowing, speaking and talking. There are also variations to the vascular anatomy of the thyroid gland. In some people, there is an additional artery, called the thyroid ima artery, which usually branches off the brachiocephalic trunk, but can also come from the aorta, subclavian artery or the right common carotid artery. The thyroid ima artery runs upwards towards the thyroid gland along the surface of the trachea, essentially in the midline. When present, it supplies blood to the trachea and the isthmus of the thyroid gland. If you have questions about the thyroid gland make an appointment to see our thyroid surgeon. Filed Under: Thyroid Gland Tagged With: Thyroid Functions, Thyroid Hormone
Victor Charles Buono (February 3, 1938January 1, 1982) was an American actor and comic and briefly a recording artist. He was most famous for playing the villain King Tut on the television series "Batman" (1966-1968) and musician Edwin Flagg in "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" (1962), the latter of which earned him Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations. He was a busy actor from his late teens until his death at age 43, and with his large size and sonorous voice, he made a career of playing men much older than himself.
The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way. It serves primarily as a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine.
Here Comes the Sun "Here Comes the Sun" is a song written by George Harrison that was first released on the Beatles' 1969 album Abbey Road. Along with "Something" and "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", it is one of Harrison's best-known compositions from the Beatles era. The song was written at the country house of his friend Eric Clapton, where Harrison had chosen to play truant for the day, to avoid attending a meeting at the Beatles' Apple Corps organisation. The lyrics reflect the composer's relief at both the arrival of spring and the temporary respite he was experiencing from the band's business affairs.
History of photography The history of photography began in remote antiquity with the discovery of two critical principles; camera obscura image projection and the observation that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. Apart from a possibly photographic but unrecognised process used on the Turin Shroud there are no artefacts or descriptions that indicate any attempt to capture images with light sensitive materials prior to the 18th century. Around 1717 Johann Heinrich Schulze captured cut-out letters on a bottle of a light-sensitive slurry, but he apparently never thought of making the results durable. Around 1800 Thomas Wedgwood made the first reliably documented, although unsuccessful attempt at capturing camera images in permanent form. His experiments did produce detailed photograms, but Wedgwood and his associate Humphry Davy found no way to fix these images.
Karen Gillan Karen Gillan (born 28 November 1987[1]) is a Scottish actress, director, and screenwriter from Inverness, Scotland. She played the role of Amy Pond, companion to the Eleventh Doctor, in the BBC One science fiction series Doctor Who (2010â€“2013). In film, she portrayed Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), the upcoming Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), and also played Ruby Roundhouse in the box-office hit Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017).

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