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Common Causes, Effects, and Solutions to Sleep Deprivation in Children Perspectives Common Causes, Effects, and Solutions to Sleep Deprivation in Children Published on November 13, 2015A pediatric sleep specialist reviews medical research on topics that are important to parents and children, including the impacts of sleep on sports participation and academic achievement. By Shalini Paruthi, MDChildhood sleep deprivation is a common problem. Between 25% and 30% of normally developing children and adolescents are not getting enough sleep consistently, estimates the National Sleep Foundation. 1Lack of sleep is known to cause poor attention, worse grades, school absences, poor social interactions, irritability and crankiness, depression, increased car crashes, and increased risk taking behaviors. Specifically, research studies have shown that shorter sleep durations are associated with inattention, poor decision-making, and decreased memory, all of which can affect academic achievement. Small decreases in the total amount of sleep, even by just an hour less per night, can cause negative cognitive performance. One study found that children who were making Cs, Ds, and Fs in classes were sleeping 25 to 30 minutes less on average than their peers who were making better grades. 2 Another study tried to better understand how much sleep was needed for optimal performance on different tasks in different age groups. For example, the study found that 12-year-olds needed at least 8 hours and 20 minutes of sleep to optimally perform letter-word and comprehension tasks, and 8 hours and 25 minutes of sleep for broad reading tasks. 3Another area of great importance to parents and children is sports participation. Multiple studies have found that sleep deprivation negatively affects performance in sports activities, and conversely that increased sleep (sleep extension) improves performance. Furthermore, sleep deprivation was found to actually increase a child’s risk of injuries while playing sports. In a recent survey of middle and high school aged children, those who slept less than 8 hours per night on average had a nearly two times greater risk of being injured than those who slept more than 8 hours per night. Children who slept 5 to 7 hours per night had the highest injury rates and those who slept at least 9 hours per night had the lowest injury rates. 4 More sleep at night may improve a child’s performance on the field while promoting long-term safety and health. Additionally, we now better understand that shorter sleep duration can result in hormonal changes associated with obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. 5 Several studies have shown that children who sleep less are more likely to be overweight or obese. Research studies are also investigating the effect of sleep deprivation on the body’s immune system in children, such as the ability to overcome infection, based on research studies in adults and animals that have suggested shorter sleep durations blunt the ability to mount a response to infection or immunizations. There are multiple ways to consider sleep deprivation. It can be thought of as not enough quantity of sleep and not enough quality of sleep. Some children will have a medical sleep problem that is causing sleep disruption, leading to overall sleep deprivation. Some common treatable medical sleep disorders in children include obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. Children with obstructive sleep apnea may have snoring, pauses in breathing, bed-wetting, awakenings at night, daytime sleepiness, and morning headaches, among many other symptoms. Children also may experience insomnia or medical problems leading to insomnia, such as restless legs syndrome. Children with restless legs syndrome often complain of uncomfortable or painful sensations or urges to move their legs (or other limbs), the sensations being worse in the evening, movement improving the symptoms, and rest worsening the symptoms. In children who may find it hard to describe these symptoms, parents and clinicians may need to look for other clues (such as family history). For children suspected of having a medical problem that is causing sleep disruption and sleep deprivation, it is important for parents to discuss these signs and symptoms with their primary care provider or a sleep physician. As more research becomes available to clarify the effects of sleep deprivation on children, it also becomes important to better understand how much sleep is optimal, or at least a minimum recommended amount, for children. As a great start, the National Sleep Foundation conducted and published a scientifically rigorous update of its sleep duration recommendations this year. 6 Additionally, as part of the National Healthy Sleep Awareness Project, at the urging of the National Institutes of Health and with the support of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recently convened an expert panel to review all of the published research and literature on sleep duration in children to determine the amount of sleep recommended for optimal health in pediatric populations. These findings will be presented at SLEEP 2016 in Denver. Together, these independent findings will help provide guidelines for recommendations for optimal sleep in children. The feeling of sleepiness is a result of sleep deprivation and is highly correlated to daytime function and performance. As sleep duration is significantly influenced by habitual bedtime, wake-up time, and the usual daily schedule of activities, small changes can result in improved daytime function. This may be an important factor in consideration of how much sleep is right for each child. Every child responds to sleep deprivation differently, with some appearing to be less affected than others. While several definitions for optimal sleep have been proposed, it is important to find the right amount of sleep each individual child needs to be fully awake and to participate in normal daily activities at his or her highest ability. Parents can also help their children realize the benefits of getting enough sleep. A study showed that an increase in sleep time by approximately 30 minutes every night for 5 nights had an immediate impact on emotional ability and restless-impulsive behaviors of children in school. 7 Another study reported a 16.5% reduction in car crashes by teenagers when school start times were moved back by 1 hour and most of the students were able to increase their nightly sleep time. 8 Additionally, it is important to think of consistency with regard to getting enough sleep. Studies show that sleep deprivation in children for 1 night showed less negative impact on attention than nightly sleep deprivation for a full week. 9 So while some days may be longer than others because of extracurricular activities, it is important for parents and children to not let it become a habit to sleep less every night. Parents are often able to figure out how much sleep helps their child thrive; this can be determined when the child has an opportunity to catch up on sleep over approximately a week (such as a holiday break). Usually by the end of this week, it becomes apparent how much sleep each child “needs” to function at his or her best. Subtraction of this number of hours from the school day wake-up time helps to determine the ideal bedtime. Maintenance of a regular sleep-wake schedule daily, including on weekends, will help to ensure that children avoid sleep deprivation and its negative effects. Shalini Paruthi, MDFurthermore, for areas with early school start times, parents may consider working with local school boards to move the start time later. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends middle schools and high schools start at 8:30 AM or later so that more children can get the healthy sleep they need to function at their best. 10 Children experience a natural delay of approximately 1 hour in their internal sleep clocks near puberty, thus early start times require a child to be awake and alert when their biologic clock tells them to sleep. In summary, sleep deprivation is common and has many effects on children, including daytime dysfunction with negative effects in school, sports, and overall health. A well-rested child is more likely to be healthy and energetic. Sleep deprivation is reversible and can be prevented with increased education on the importance of sleep and increased prioritization of sleep in our daily lives. Shalini Paruthi, MD, sees patients of all ages, with a special focus in pediatric sleep disorders. She is an adjunct associate professor in Pediatrics at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, director of the Pediatric Sleep and Research Center at SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital, and an editorial advisory board member at Sleep Review. She is the chair of the AASM Consensus Panel that will make a recommendation on the amount of sleep for optimal health in pediatric populations. REFERENCES1. National Sleep Foundation. 2004 Sleep in America Poll. “Children and Sleep.” sleepfoundation.org/sleep-polls-data/sleep-in-america-poll/2004-children-and-sleep2. Wolfson AR, Carskadon MA. Understanding adolescents’ sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal. Sleep Med Rev. 2003 Dec;7 (6):491-506.3. Eide ER, Showalter MH. Sleep and student achievement. East Econ J. 2012;38:512-524.4. Milewski MD, Skaggs DL, Bishop GA, et al. Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014 Mar;34 (2):129-33.5. Cassoff J, Bhatti JA, Gruber R. The effect of sleep restriction on neurobehavioural functioning in normally developing children and adolescents: insights from the Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Laboratory. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2014 Oct;62 (5):319-31. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.05.017. Epub 2014 Aug 7.6. Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report. Sleep Health. In press.7. Gruber R, Cassoff J, Frenette S, Wiebe S, Carrier J. Impact of sleep extension and restriction on children’s emotional lability and impulsivity. Pediatrics. 2012 Nov;130 (5):e1155-61. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-0564. Epub 2012 Oct 15.8. Danner F, Phillips B. Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008 Dec 15;4 (6):533-5.9. Beebe DW, Fallone G, Godiwala N, et al. Feasibility and behavioral effects of an at-home multi-night sleep restriction protocol for adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Sep;49 (9):915-23.10. American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. School Start Times for Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2014;134:642–649. pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697.full.pdf There is 1 comment Post New Comment Hi. This helped me a lot for a ….. I’m not sayingarusshitia November 8, 2016 12:47 pm Reply Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked Name Email *Website Comment
Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.
Uranium Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic numberÂ 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99%) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons). Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, and slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.[3]
Large denominations of United States currency Although they are still technically legal tender in the United States, high-denomination bills were last printed on December 27, 1945, and officially discontinued on July 14, 1969, by the Federal Reserve System,[9] due to 'lack of use'. The $5,000 and $10,000 effectively disappeared well before then.[nb 1]
"I Won't Be Home No More" is a song written by Hank Williams on July 11, 1952. It was released posthumously on MGM Records a year later in July 1953. It was recorded at the same session that produced the classic "You Win Again" and has a similar theme, albeit in a more blithesome tone, that probably reflects Hank's bitterness towards his ex-wife Audrey Williams (Hank and Audrey were legally divorced the day before the session). As Colin Escott notes, "Even though it's suppose to be a lighthearted song, Hank seems vindictive, even spiteful." It was recorded at Castle Studio in Nashville with Jerry Rivers (fiddle), Don Helms (steel guitar), and Harold Bradley (rhythm guitar), while it is speculated that Chet Atkins played lead guitar and Ernie Newton played bass. The song climbed to #4 on the country singles chart.
World War I World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars,[5] was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history.[6][7] Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political change, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of the Second World War twenty-one years later.[8]
In conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system. When the Gregorian calendar was adopted by each country, the weekly cycle continued uninterrupted. For example, in the case of the few countries that adopted the reformed calendar on the date proposed by Gregory XIII for the calendar's adoption, Friday, 15 October 1582, the preceding date was Thursday, 4 October 1582 (Julian calendar).
Skewness The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive. Skew does not refer to the direction the curve appears to be leaning; in fact, the opposite is true. For a unimodal distribution, negative skew indicates that the tail on the left side of the probability density function is longer or fatter than the right side â€“ it does not distinguish these two kinds of shape. Conversely, positive skew indicates that the tail on the right side is longer or fatter than the left side. In cases where one tail is long but the other tail is fat, skewness does not obey a simple rule. For example, a zero value means that the tails on both sides of the mean balance out overall; this is the case for a symmetric distribution, but is also true for an asymmetric distribution where the asymmetries even out, such as one tail being long but thin, and the other being short but fat. Further, in multimodal distributions and discrete distributions, skewness is also difficult to interpret. Importantly, the skewness does not determine the relationship of mean and median. In cases where it is necessary, data might be transformed to have a normal distribution.
Marco Antonio Campos (9 July 1919 – 19 February 1996) was a Mexican comedian, actor, and singer best known as Viruta in the double act Viruta y Capulina with Gaspar Henaine. His best known role is as the straight man in the comic duo Viruta y Capulina along with Gaspar Henaine. Campos and Henaine worked together in 35 comedy films and one television series until they separated over work issues in 1967. He died in 1996 from an aortic aneurysm.
Arthur's Seat (Edinburgh, Scotland): Top Tips Before You Go - TripAdvisor Neighborhood Profile Southside & Holyrood Many of Edinburgh’s student hangouts gather around university buildings in Southside, the sort of neighborhood that supports a long string of second-hand shops and eateries serving ethnic food for just a few pounds. In August the student population is replaced by vast numbers of boisterous visitors here for the Fringe, Edinburgh’s world-class comedy and arts festival which headquarters itself here. Flanking Southside are two great parks. The Meadows is a vast flat and sporty space where football, rugby, tennis, cricket, croquet, and golf often all take place side by side. Kids in its big playgrounds add to the joyful noise. Far bigger and much wilder, Holyrood Park extends to the east and provides a real hike up Arthur’s Seat, but the district is best known as the site of Scotland’s Parliament and its premier Royal Palace—and their steady stream of sightseers.
Parathyroid gland Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, variably located on the back of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
Bank Routing Number 026012881, Wells Fargo Bank Home > Wells Fargo Bank > Wells Fargo Bank Routing Numbers > 026012881 Routing Number Bank Routing Number 026012881, Wells Fargo Bank Fed ACH Routing Name: Wells Fargo Bank Address: Mac N9301-041Minneapolis, MN 55479Phone: 800-745-2426Type: Main Office Servicing Fed's Main Office : 021001208, 100 Orchard Street, East Rutherford, NJStatus: Active Change Date: 05/26/2015Fedwire Routing Routing Number 026012881 doesn't process Fedwire Payments. All Routing Numbers of Wells Fargo Bank Routing Number Process Fed ACH Process Fedwire Location Registered Name121000248 Y Y Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, Na124000025 Y Y Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na021052943 N Y New York, NY Wells Fargo Gnma-p&i026005092 N Y New York, NY Wells Fargo Ny Intl113093852 N Y Houston, TX Wells Fargo Bank South Central, Na011100106 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank021101108 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank021200025 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank021200559 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank021201011 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank026012881 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank026073079 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, Na031000011 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank031000503 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank031100225 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank031100869 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank031200730 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank031201467 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank031302777 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, N.a.031901686 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank041203824 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, N.a.041215537 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, Na051000253 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank051001414 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank051006778 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank051400549 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank051402961 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank051404985 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank052000016 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank052001963 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053000183 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053000219 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053100355 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053100494 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053101273 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053101529 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053101561 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053101626 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053107633 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053107963 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053108580 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053110112 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053110303 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053110400 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053200019 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053207766 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053900225 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank053901473 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank054000807 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank054001220 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank055003201 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank056004089 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank056007604 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061000010 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061000227 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061000256 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061101155 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061103056 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061113279 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank061209756 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank062000080 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank062203751 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank063000021 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank063107513 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank063109430 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank063210125 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank064003768 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank067006432 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank067013564 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank067091780 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank071101307 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bk Na Illinois073000228 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bk Na Iowa074900275 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bk N.a. Indiana075911988 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bk Na Wisconsin091000019 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (minnesota)091071611 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, Na091101455 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (michigan)091300010 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (north Dakota)091400046 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (south Dakota)091900465 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na091900533 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Natl Bank S Central Na092905168 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na092905278 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na101089292 Y N Winston-salem, NC Wells Fargo Bank102000076 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na102100918 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na102189285 Y N Winston-salem, NC Wells Fargo Bank102300242 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na102301092 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na102307164 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank104000058 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank ,n.a.104900323 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na107000275 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Bank Na107002192 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na ( New Mexico)107005432 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo And Company111015159 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank111025013 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank111900659 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank111904215 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank111909634 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank112000066 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo And Company113017870 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank113024520 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank113102138 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank113105449 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank113117767 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank114900685 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo121042882 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na121141288 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank121141534 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank121181866 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank122000247 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na122101191 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na122105278 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (arizona)122105524 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na122187076 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank122237955 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank122242607 Y N Carlsbad, CA Wells Fargo Bank122242704 Y N Morris Plains, NV Wells Fargo Bank Na122287170 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank122402049 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na122487307 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank123006800 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na124000012 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (northwest)124002971 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na124084672 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, Na124100064 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na124100080 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na124103799 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na125008547 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na125200057 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank N.a.125200963 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank, Na253170305 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank254070019 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank255072935 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank256072701 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank321270742 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na (nevada)323270436 Y N Minneapolis, MN Wells Fargo Bank Na A routing number is a nine digit code, used in the United States to identify the financial institution. Routing numbers are used by Federal Reserve Banks to process Fedwire funds transfers, and ACH (Automated Clearing House) direct deposits, bill payments, and other automated transfers. The routing number can be found on your check. The routing number information on this page was updated on Apr. 10, 2018
Corned beef Corned beef was used as a substitute for bacon by Irish-American immigrants in the late 19th century.[17] Corned beef and cabbage is the Irish-American variant of the Irish dish of bacon and cabbage. A similar dish is the New England boiled dinner, consisting of corned beef, cabbage, and root vegetables such as carrots, turnips, and potatoes, which is popular in New England and another similar dish, Jiggs dinner, is popular in parts of Atlantic Canada.
Poetry The Difference between Poetry and Prose Poetry Poetry is language spoken or written according to some pattern of recurrence that emphasises relationships between words on the basis of sound as well as meaning. This pattern is almost always a rhythm or metre (regular pattern of sound units). This pattern may be supplemented by ornamentation such as rhyme or alliteration or both. The demands of verbal patterning usually make poetry a more condensed medium than prose or everyday speech. Since the end of the Middle Ages, written forms of poetry have generally been often formatted on the page to show visually that the language is in verse (that is, has a rhythm or metre). The normal method is to divide poetry into lines: when the metrical pattern repeats or shifts the change is represented by a line break. For instance, consider the following limerick: An epicure dining at Crewe Found a very large bug in his stew. Said the waiter, “Don't shout And wave it about, Or the rest will be wanting one too.”A limerick has five lines in which the first two and the last rhyme and have three feet (in English poetry, a “foot” is a metrical structure consisting of at least on stressed syllable). The other two lines have two feet and a different rhyme. The line breaks indicate visually the shifts in the metrical pattern. Before the late Middle Ages, poetry was regularly written down without line breaks. Presumably, people detected the metrical shifts through non-visual means. Modern editions of these poems generally introduce line breaks for the aid of the modern reader. In writing about poetry, it is essential to indicate these line breaks when quoting a poem. The standard way is to indent the text. However, for short quotes under five lines it is conventional to integrate the quote into your writing and indicate the line breaks with a slash. For example, in the above limerick “an epicure dining at Crewe / Found a very large bug in his stew.” It is absolutely essential to indicate the line breaks in the correct format for the length of the quotation. There are special conventions for where to put citations of line numbers. Also, you may have to change the capitalisation and punctuation to fit the grammar of your sentence. For these conventions, see the section on integrating quotations. Prose Prose is the form of written language that is not organised according to formal patterns of verse. It may have some sort of rhythm and some devices of repetition and balance, but these are not governed by regularly sustained formal arrangement. The significant unit is the sentence, not the line. Hence it is represented without line breaks in writing. It is normal to quote prose texts by indenting the quotation if it will run more than four lines on the page (this refers to from the left to the right margin, not to poetic lines). If the quotation is shorter, it may be integrated into the main text. [ Return to Quotations \| Return to Table of Contents]Last Update: 20 March, 2003
If it is low in fat and protein and high in carbs then you can consume it shortly before your workout. If it is higher in protein and fat as well as carbs then you should eat it at least a couple of hours before you start exercising. Just as important as the before workout meal is your post workout meal.f you eat balanced meals properly throughout the day it can help you get a better workout because your body will be using fuel consistently. However, it is still a good idea to pay attention to your nutrition before working out.
Working Artists and the Greater Economy -LRB- W.A.G.E. -RRB- is a New York-based activist group and non-profit organization whose stated advocacy mission is `` currently focused on regulating the payment of artist fees by nonprofit art institutions and establishing a sustainable model for best practices between artists and the institutions that contract their labor . ''
Songwriters Hall of Fame - Frederick Loewe Exhibit Home Hal Leonard Frederick Loewe was born in Vienna, Austria on June 10, 1901, and from the beginning was steeped in the Viennese musical style. His father was a popular operetta star, and when The Merry Widow arrived in Berlin, Loewe's father was Berlin's first Danilo. By the age of 15, "Fritz" had composed a hit popular song, "Katrina", and was getting considerable attention as a promising young piano virtuoso. Like the young Kurt Weill, who was one year his senior, Loewe studied in Berlin with the great Italian-German composer and pianist Ferruccio Busoni. He also studied with the pianist-composer Eugen d'Albert and the composer Emil von Rezniek. At this time, his great ambition was to become a famous concert pianist and he traveled to the United States in 1924. Unfortunately, success did not greet him in America, and in the years that followed he survived by taking a colorful variety of jobs. At one time he was a cowboy, and at another time a prizefighter. Meanwhile, Loewe worked to master the American style in popular music. In 1937, his first try at an American Musical Production opened in St. Louis called Salute to Spring. Then in 1938 he teamed up with lyricist Earle Crooker and in in his first Broadway Production called Great Lady. After several more attempts at a successful musical had failed, he met the Alan Jay Lerner, seventeen years his junior, and from that time, although Loewe worked with only Lerner. Lerner and Loewe first met in 1942 and their first collaborations were failures The Life of the Party (1942) and What's Up? (1943). Their next, The Day Before Spring (1945) did slightly better, and included the song "You Haven't Changed At All". In 1947 they had their first hit, Brigadoon, which included "The Heather On the Hill" and the classic romantic ballad "Almost Like Being In Love". In 1951 Lerner and Loewe had their second success with Paint Your Wagon, which included such songs as "They Call The Wind Maria", "I Talk to the Trees", and "Wandrin' Star". Then in 1956 the revolutionary Broadway Production, My Fair Lady, premiered on Broadway starring Julie Andrews and Rex Harrington. Loeweï¿½s astonishingly rich score, one of the great masterpieces of the American musical, included the now standard "Why Can't The English?", "Wouldn't It Be Loverly", "With a Little Bit Of Luck", "I'm an Ordinary Man", "Just You Wait", "The Rain in Spain", "I Could Have Danced All Night", "On the Street Where You Live", "You Did It", "Show Me", "Get Me to the Church On Time", "A Hymn to Him" and "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face". The show ran for 2,717 performances in its original Broadway production. My Fair Lady was followed in 1958 with the classic film musical Gigi, which had a superb score including "Thank Heaven For Little Girls" and "I Remember it Well". The Film Musical won 9 Academy Awards. In their last great collaboration, Lerner and Loewe created the 1960 score for Camelot, which included songs "I Wonder What the King is Doing Tonight", "Camelot", "The Simple Joys Of Maidenhood", "How to Handle a Woman", and "If Ever I Should Leave You". After Camelot, Loewe, now 60 years old, withdrew from composing, although he did return to work together with Lerner one last time on the unsuccessful 1974 film The Little Prince. Loewe's music springs from the European operetta tradition, but he adapted that tradition to appeal to an American audience with complete success. Although each of his classic shows is in a unique style reflecting the period and location of the story, each of them remains un-mistakably the work of Frederick Loewe. Frederick Loewe died in Palm Springs, California on February 14, 1988.
During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such as Les Menuires. Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began to see increases in winter visitors. From 1980 to the present, ski-lifts have been modernized and snow-making machines installed at many resorts, leading to concerns regarding the loss of traditional Alpine culture and questions regarding sustainable development as the winter ski industry continues to develop quickly and the number of summer tourists decline.
1960 Squaw Valley Winter Games \| Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1960 Squaw Valley Winter Games Host City: Squaw Valley, United States (February 19, 1960 to February 28, 1960) Opening Ceremony: February 18, 1960 (opened by Vice-President Richard Nixon) Lighter of the Olympic Flame: Kenneth Henry Taker of the Olympic Oath: Carol Heiss (athlete) Closing Ceremony: February 28, 1960 Events: 27 in 8 sports Participants: 665 (521 men and 144 women) from 30 countries Youngest Participant: Marcelle Matthews (11 years, 306 days) Oldest Participant: Francisco Jerman (39 years, 130 days) Most Medals (Athlete): Soviet Union (21 medals) Overview When the 1960 Olympic Winter Games were awarded to Squaw Valley, California, all that existed there was a hotel. The ski village was the dream of Alexander C. Cushing and he succeeded in convincing the IOC to hold the Olympics there. Squaw Valley's obscurity was best exemplified at the closing ceremony of the [1956 Olympic Winter Games]. Traditionally the mayor of the host city hands the Olympic flag over to the mayor of the next host city. But Squaw Valley was an unincorporated village and did not have a mayor. U.S. Congressman Harold T. Johnson, representing Squaw Valley's district, was drafted to stand in and receive the flag from former Italian bobsledder Renzo Menardi, deputy mayor of Cortina. » Click to show/hide rest of overview After the award the Europeans verbally attacked the site for various reasons. The ski courses were not up to FIS calibre in the alpine competitions, while in the nordic races, the altitude (2,000 metres [6,650 feet]) was felt to be too stressful for the competitors. The Squaw Valley organizers polled the Winter Olympic nations and found that only nine would send a bobsled team so they elected not to build a run and not to contest the sport. The bobsled federation (FIBT) was furious and petitioned the IOC to change the ruling, but Squaw Valley was adamant. No Olympic bobsled events were on the 1960 program, so the FIBT held world championships only two weeks later in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. In all, despite the initial misgivings about the site, the Games were well run with few problems. And U.S. television was present, showing the events to the American people for the first time. The simple village of Squaw Valley put on quite a show, led by famed Hollywood movie and television producer Walt Disney, who was placed in charge of pageants and ceremonies. The athletes liked the rustic setting, in which they could walk to most of their events from the village, which gave the Games a homey, close-knit atmosphere. This was the days before massive Olympic security. The program was also changed a bit, in addition to the absence of bobsledding. Biathlon was introduced as a sport for the first time. Women's speed skating made its Olympic début and saw the arrival of [Lidiya Skoblikova] (URS) who won two gold medals. She would return in 1964 to win all four events on the schedule. In figure skating, [Hayes Jenkins]' brother, [David Jenkins], won the men's titles, while David Jenkins future sister-in-law, [Carol Heiss], avenged her 1956 defeat to easily win the women's title. In the nordic combined event, [Georg Thoma] (FRG) became the first non-Scandanavian to win a nordic event. In ice hockey, the United States pulled a major upset when they defeated the Soviet Union in the semi-final match. The U.S. went on to defeat Czechoslovakia in the finals and win the gold medal. Not as well publicized as the miracle of 1980, the U.S. victory in 1960 was equally astonishing. Country Medal Leaders A Sports Reference Site : About SR/Olympics \| Privacy Statement \| Conditions & Terms of Service \| Use of Data Data provided by OlyMADMen , led by Hilary Evans, Arild Gjerde, Jeroen Heijmans, and Bill Mallon. Members: David Foster, Martin Frank, Jørn Jensen, Carl-Johan Johansson, Taavi Kalju, Martin Kellner, George Masin, Stein Opdahl, Wolf Reinhardt, Ralf Regnitter, Paul Tchir, Magne Teigen, Christian Tugnoli, Morten Aarlia Torp, and Ralf Schlüter. Sports Refer
Do It ('Til You're Satisfied) "Do It ('Til You're Satisfied)" is the name of a popular song by funk group B. T. Express, written by group member Billy Nichols.[1] Released from the debut album of the same title, the song became a great "crossover" success. The song is noted for its hand claps at the beginning, as well as the spoken portion in the middle of the song. The short version was less than 3 minutes, while the long version is over 5 minutes in length. The single was rated #1 of the R&B singles chart for a week during the autumn of 1974 and was rated #2 of the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart for two weeks.[2] The single was an early disco hit peaking at number eight on the disco/dance charts.[3] The song was used as the opening theme for the late night talk show The Mo'Nique Show weeknights on Black Entertainment Television.
John Whitfield Bunn and Jacob Bunn In 1847, at the age of 16, John W. Bunn left New Jersey to join his older brother Jacob Bunn in the wholesale grocery trade in Springfield, Sangamon County, Illinois, having been induced to make the migration to Illinois by the positive and promising description that Jacob Bunn had furnished during a return visit to the New Jersey farm where both men had been raised.[2]
`` Movin ' Out '' is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the American musical television series Glee , and the ninety-fourth episode overall . It was written by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa and directed by Brad Falchuk , and it aired on Fox in the United States on November 21 , 2013 . The episode is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel , and features seven of his songs . The episode features special guest star Tyra Banks as Bichette , the head of a modeling agency .
Eyelid twitch is one of the most common types of eyelid spasms. Eyelid twitch is caused by something we still donât know for sure. Slight spasm of the lower, or even both eyelids is common, and of no concern. Symptoms are twitching or spasm around the eyes, or facial spasms. These symptoms may not necessary mean that you have eyelid spasms.
In the example above, the identity and the rotations constitute a subgroup R = {id, r1, r2, r3}, highlighted in red in the group table above: any two rotations composed are still a rotation, and a rotation can be undone by (i.e. is inverse to) the complementary rotations 270° for 90°, 180° for 180°, and 90° for 270° (note that rotation in the opposite direction is not defined). The subgroup test is a necessary and sufficient condition for a subset H of a group G to be a subgroup: it is sufficient to check that g−1h ∈ H for all elements g, h ∈ H. Knowing the subgroups is important in understanding the group as a whole.d[›]
Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church, also known as Welsh Run Presbyterian Church, is a historic Presbyterian church in Montgomery Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1871, and is a 1 1/2-story, frame Italianate-style building. It is three bays wide and four bays long, and has a central bell tower and gable roof. It features a stained glass window by the Tiffany Studio in New York, dated 1934. The property includes the church cemetery, established in 1774. The church is named for Rev. Robert Kennedy, who served the congregation from 1802 to 1816 and 1825 to 1843.
Index-a Don't Forget To Hit <ESC> before going to a different page. Let's play a game of 30 questions. No, not that old standard of 20 questions, but one with an extra 10 questions added in and one that uses numeric answers (from 1 to 30). If you get stumped, go on to the next one. Perhaps the answer you need will be one of those left over when you complete all the questions you're sure of. Each answer is a number. The answers are the numbers 1-30. Each number appears only once. (Obviously) the questions are not in the right order.. 1. Aside from an extra 385 yards, how many miles is a marathon race? 2. If 27 solid cubes are formed into one big 3x3x3 cube how many individual cubes, at most, are visible from any single angle? 3. In the movie Spinal Tap what number is: "Well, it is one louder.."? 4. 'Via Dolorosa' is the (how many) Stations of the Cross, the Christian ritual tracing the key stages of the death of Jesus, beginning with his condemnation and ending with his being laid in the tomb? 5. How many dots are on a (standard 1-6) die? 6. The Russian 'Crimea Highway' trunk road from Moscow to the Crimea in Ukraine is the M (what)? 7. What number, between two hyphens, is used by journalists, etc., to mark the end of a newspaper or broadcast story? 8. How many unique dominoes are in a standard 'double six' set? 9. What number turned on its side (rotated 90 degrees) is the symbol for infinity? 10. The Marvel Comics superhero team led by Mr Fantastic was the Fanstastic (what)? 11. What is the larger number of the binary system? 12. Japanese haiku poems loosely comprise how many syllables? 13. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are respectively (what number)-and-half degrees north and south of the Equator? 14. What number is Hurricane on the Beaufort Scale? 15. Greek deka, and Latin decem, are what number? 16. Conventionally how many books are in the Bible's New Testament? 17. How many legs (or arms) are most usually on a starfish? 18. A lunar month is an average (how many) days plus 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds? 19. 'Roaring' refers to what pluralised number in describing a 1900s decade of western world prosperity? 20. Traditionally what number of years anniversary is symbolized by silver? 21. What is generally stated to be the number of major joints in the human body? 22. What number is the French coded slang 'vingt-deux!', which warns that police are coming? 23. What is the only number that equals twice the sum of its digits (digit means numerical symbol)? 24. The early/mid-1900s American vaudeville comedy act was called the (how many) Stooges? 25. Any line of three numbers in the 'magic square' (a 3 x 3 grid of the numbers 1-9) adds up to what? 26. What is the international SPI resin/polymer identification coding system number (typically shown within a recycling triangle symbol) for polystyrene? 27. Traditionally the diameter of the 45rpm gramophone record is (how many) inches? 28. Pure gold is (how many)-carat? 29. The expression 'On cloud (what)' refers to being blissfully happy? 30. Each player begins with (how many) pieces in a game of chess? Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (born 13 May 1950) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. Kirwan's first recorded work with the band was on the huge instrumental hit single "Albatross". Green later stated that, "I would never have done "Albatross" if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record." The B-side of the single was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini, and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan had adapted the piece for himself and Green to play on
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another state or territory . The idea of the fugitive slave law was derived from the Fugitive Slave Clause which is in the United States Constitution -LRB- Article IV , Section 2 , Paragraph 3 -RRB- . It was thought that forcing states to deliver escaped slaves to slave owners violated states ' rights due to state sovereignty and was believed that seizing state property should not be left up to the states . The Fugitive Slave Clause states that escaped slaves `` shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due '' , which abridged state rights because retrieving slaves was a form of retrieving private property . After the Compromise of 1850 , the Supreme Court made slavery a protected institution and arranged a series of laws that allowed slavery in the new territories and forced officials in Free States to give a hearing to slaveholders without a jury .
A process of standardisation started in the Middle Ages, especially under the influence of the Burgundian Ducal Court in Dijon (Brussels after 1477). The dialects of Flanders and Brabant were the most influential around this time. The process of standardisation became much stronger at the start of the 16th century, mainly based on the urban dialect of Antwerp. In 1585 Antwerp fell to the Spanish army: many fled to the Northern Netherlands, where the Dutch Republic declared its independence from Spain. They particularly influenced the urban dialects of the province of Holland. In 1637, a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the Statenvertaling, the first major Bible translation into Dutch, was created that people from all over the new republic could understand. It used elements from various, even Dutch Low Saxon, dialects but was predominantly based on the urban dialects of Holland of post 16th century.
The Nazi Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg IN THE END Doenitz, Karl German admiral who would eventually command entire navy. Chosen by Hitler to succeed him as fuhrer. Negotiated surrender following Hitler's suicide. 138 "Politicians brought the Nazis to power and started the war. They are the ones who brought about these disgusting crimes, and now we have to sit there in the dock with them and share the blame!" (5/27/46) On 9/17/42 Doenitz issued the "Laconia Order" to the German submarine fleet. The order forbid rescuing enemy survivors of sunken ships: "Be hard. Remember, the enemy has no regard for women and children when he bombs German cities." Called by Hitler "the Rommel of the Seas"....Said "I would rather eat dirt than have my grandson grow up in the Jewish spirit and faith"...Went on radio after assassination attempt on Hitler to call it "a cowardly attempt at murder." Served 10-year-sentence. Died in 1981. Frank, Hans Governor-general of Nazi-occupied Poland, called the "Jew butcher of Cracow." 130 " Don't let anybody tell you that they had no idea. Everybody sensed there was something horribly wrong with the system." (11/29/45) "Hitler has disgraced Germany for all time! He betrayed and disgraced the people that loved him!...I will be the first to admit my guilt." (4/17/46) "The Jews must be eliminated. Whenever we catch one, it is his end"...."This territory [Poland] is in its entirety the booty of the German Reich"...."I have not been hesitant in declaring that when a German is shot, up to 100 Poles shall be shot too."--from the diary of Hans Frank. In April of 1930, Hitler asked Frank to secretly investigate a rumor that he had Jewish blood. Frank reported back that there was a 50-50 chance that Hitler was one-quarter Jewish. Hanged--wearing a beatificsmile--in Nuremberg on Oct. 16, 1946 Frick, Wilhelm Minister of the Interior 124 "Hitler didn't want to do things my way. I wanted things done legally. After all, I am a lawyer." (4/24/46).... "The mass murders were certainly not thought of as a consequence of the Nuremberg Laws, [though] it may have turned out that way." Frick drafted, signed, and administered laws that abolished opposition parties, and suppressed trade unions and Jews (including the infamous Nuremberg Laws). Frick knew that the insane, aged, and disabled ("useless eaters") were being systematically killed, but did nothing to stop it. Frick claimed not to be an anit-Semite. He said he drafted the Nuremberg Laws for "scientific reasons": to protect the purity of German blood. Frick was one of eleven defendants sentenced to death. He said, "Hanging--I didn't expect anything different....Well, I hope they get it over with fast." (10/1/46) Frick was hanged on Oct. 16, 1946. Fritzsche, Hans Head of the Radio Division, one of twelve departments in Goebbel's Propoganda Ministry 130 " I have been tricked and trapped by the Himmler murder machine, even when I tried to put a check on it...Let us explain our position to the world, so that at least we won't die under this awful burden of shame." (11/21/45) "I have the feeling I am drowning in filth....I am choking in it."--(2/21/46, after watching film of atrocities). Fritzsche's radio broadcasts (he was a popular commentator) included strong Nazi propoganda. Fritzsche was one of two defendants turned over to the IMT by Russians.... Fritzsche often appeared on the verge of a breakdown during the trial. Fritzsche was acquitted by the IMT. He said, "I am entirely overwhelmed--to be set free right here, not even to be sent back to Russia. That was more than I hoped for." He was later tried and convicted by a German court, then freed in 1950. He died in 1953. Funk, Walther Minister of Economics 124 "I signed the laws for the aryanization of Jewish property. Whether that makes me legally guilty or not, is another matter. But it makes me morally guilty, there is no doubt about that. I should have listened to my wife at the end. She said we'd be better off dropping the whole minister business and moving into a thr
Service is the armed military. An example of service is the US Navy. Service is work done for others or repairs provided. An example of service is a bartender providing a cocktail to someone. An example of service is a mechanic fixing the brakes on a truck. The definition of a service is a formal or religious program.
, also known as Maoyu , or Archenemy and Hero in English , is a Japanese light novel series by Mamare Touno that was initially posted in a play format on the textboard 2channel in 2009 . Enterbrain published five main novels in the series , in addition to three side-story novels between 2010 and 2012 , selling over 450,000 copies in total . It has received several manga adaptations . A 12-episode anime adaptation by Arms aired in Japan from January 5 to March 30 , 2013 . The series follows the exploits of a human hero and the queen of demons who join forces to bring peace and prosperity to their war-torn world .
Essential Nutrients That Supply Energy Photo Credit: Yulia_Davidovich/iStock/Getty Images The body requires energy to sustain itself and perform all the functions of daily life. The process of converting nutrients from food into energy is called cellular respiration. The energy from this biochemical process is captured in a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Subsequent breakdown of ATP releases the energy needed to drive cellular functions. Carbohydrate, fat and protein provide the fuel needed for energy production from food. Additionally, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and other B vitamins help with the conversion of nutrients into energy. Video of the Day
Peripherally inserted central catheter A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC or PIC line), less commonly called a percutaneous indwelling central catheter, is a form of intravenous access that can be used for a prolonged period of time (e.g., for long chemotherapy regimens, extended antibiotic therapy, or total parenteral nutrition) or for administration of substances that should not be done peripherally (e.g., antihypotensive agents a.k.a. pressors). It is a catheter that enters the body through the skin (percutaneously) at a peripheral site, extends to the superior vena cava (a central venous trunk), and stays in place (dwells within the veins) for days or weeks.
Florence Laura Goodenough -LRB- August 6 , 1886 -- April 4 , 1959 -RRB- was an American psychologist and professor at the University of Minnesota who is noted for developing the Minnesota Preschool Scale and the Goodenough Draw-A-Man test -LRB- now the Draw-A-Person Test -RRB- . She wrote the Handbook of Child Psychology in 1933 , and she became president of the National Council of Women Psychologists in 1942 . She is also noted for her instruction of Ruth Howard , the second African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Psychology . Florence Goodenough never married .
Arellano University (AU) is a private, coeducational and nonsectarian university located in Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1938 as a law school by Florentino Cayco, Sr., the first Filipino Undersecretary of Public Instruction. The university was named after Cayetano Arellano, the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. It operates on 6 campuses located throughout Metro Manila. The Arellano University School of Law is autonomous and is managed by the Arellano Law Foundation. Its athletic team, the Arellano University Chiefs, is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 2009.
The Firm is a 1989 British made-for-television drama film directed by Alan Clarke and written by Al Hunter Ashton for the BBC . It stars Gary Oldman , Phil Davis , Charles Lawson and Steve McFadden in his acting debut . The film is based on the activities of the Inter City Firm -LRB- billed as the `` Inter City Crew '' -RRB- football firm of West Ham United during the 1970s and 1980s . The film , which courted controversy on release , has come to be regarded among the finest films on the subject of football hooliganism . It is notable for having almost no musical score or diegetic music , save for Dean Martin 's rendition of `` That 's Amore '' over the opening titles . Oldman 's performance has been hailed as one of the greatest of his career .
BBC - Press Office - Network TV Programme Information Week 42 Blue Peter Feature Programme copy (Blue Peter At 50) The Beginning 1. Blue Peter first aired on 16 October 1958 and transmitted for 15 minutes. 2. The first presenters were Christopher Trace and Leila Williams. Christopher Trace was the stand-in for Charlton Heston in blockbuster Ben-Hur and Leila Williams had been crowned Miss Great Britain the previous year. 3. Blue Peter was created by John Hunter Blair. Throughout the programme's 50-year history, there have been just six editors: Biddy Baxter, Lewis Bronze, Oliver Macfarlane, Steve Hocking, Richard Marson and the current editor Tim Levell. 4. The 50th anniversary edition of the show on 16 October will be programme number 4,406. Ships and Songs 5. Blue Peter is named after the blue and white flag hoisted when a ship is ready to set sail from port. The reasoning for the choice is that the programme is intended to be a voyage of adventure and discovery for the viewers, constantly covering new topics. 6. The ship's symbol, the Blue Peter Galleon, was designed by much-loved TV artist Tony Hart, who received just £100 for his work – which is worth an estimated £1,537 in today's money. Had he been paid royalties they would have made him a millionaire. 7. The theme tune is called Barnacle Bill. There have been nine versions of the theme tune, and the latest arrangement was introduced for this year's series. The Faces 8. There have been 34 Blue Peter presenters, including this year's new recruits, Helen Skelton and Joel Defries. 9. The longest-serving presenter was John Noakes, who presented the series for 12 and a half years and was 45 when he left. On one famous occasion, John was asked to drop his trousers for the show to show the bruises he had sustained during a bobsleigh film. According to his recollection, he realised that he was wearing his wife's underwear which he had put on by accident in the dark! On 17 May 1976, John Noakes collapsed in the studio due to exhaustion and Lesley Judd had to take over. 10. John Noakes's famous catchphrase was "Get Down Shep". In 1978, pop group The Barron Knights released a single of the same name which reached No. 44 in the charts. 11. Peter Duncan is the only presenter to do two stints on the show. He became a gold badge holder after he was made Chief Scout in Feb 2007. 12. Yvette Fielding was the youngest-ever presenter. She was 18 when she joined the series. 13. Sarah Greene met her husband, former TV presenter Mike Smith, through Blue Peter whilst being filmed learning to dive on the Mary Rose wreck. 14. The shortest-serving listed presenter was Anita West, who lasted for just four months before returning to her acting career. 15. The following stars applied to be become presenters but didn't make it: Kevin Whately, Sally James, Howard Stableford, Gail Porter, Jake Humphrey, Todd Carty and Sidney Sloane. 16. The famous Blue Peter badge was launched on 17 June 1963. 17. There are six types of badges – Blue, Green, Silver, Gold, Purple and Orange. Blue can be won by viewers sending in an interesting letter, poem, picture or story, or by appearing on the programme. Silver is for viewers who already have a blue but have to do something different to win one. Green is the environmental award, for viewers who make contributions on "green" subjects. Orange is given to viewers who have been either a winner or runner-up in a Blue Peter competition. The Gold badge is Blue Peter's highest award and is only given to people who have shown outstanding bravery and courage, or have represented their country in an international event. Introduced in 2006, the Purple badge is awarded to "Team Player" children who take an active role in the show, either by reviewing it, suggesting ideas for items or helping with audience research. 18. Famous Gold badge winners include Her Majesty The Queen, who received one in 2001, David Beckham, JK Rowling, Torvill and Dean and Bonnie the Blue Peter dog, who was given one on her retirement in 1991. It has also be
“It is so sad & unbelievably surreal that I am making this post,” Bride and Prejudice star Milly Johnson wrote on Instagram on Thursday. She was announcing the death of her ex-fiance and the father of her son, Micah Downey, who died suddenly on December 28, aged 26. “On the 28 December 2019 Micah Patrick Downey passed away. I am struggling to put into words how sad & heartbreaking this is,” Milly, who is heavily pregnant with their second child, wrote on Instagram. The trailer of Bride & Prejudice: The Forbidden Weddings. Post continues below video. “I just hope he is at peace wherever he is & that he will always be watching over his babies. A bad, bad dream. I can’t believe you’re not here. Rest In Peace Micah.” Micah and Milly appeared on the 2019 season of Channel Seven reality show Bride and Prejudice, which follows couples planning on tying the knot when their families disapprove. No official cause of death has been released, but Micah struggled with addiction and his drug counsellor Jodi Barber shared on Facebook that has passing was drug related.
Eden (name) Eden (Hebrew: עֵדֶן‬), as a given name, has several derivations, from the Biblical Garden of Eden, meaning 'delight'; It is given to both boys and girls. The first recorded use is from ancient Israel in the book of II Chronicles. It is also as a variant of the feminine name Edith and the masculine name Aidan.[2]
Demographics of New York (state) As of 2015, 70.72% (12,788,233) of New York residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 14.44% (2,611,903) spoke Spanish, 2.61% (472,955) Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.20% (216,468) Russian, 1.18% (213,785) Italian, 0.79% (142,169) French Creole, 0.75% (135,789) French, 0.67% (121,917) Yiddish, 0.63% (114,574) Korean, and Polish was spoken as a main language by 0.53% (95,413) of the population over the age of five. In total, 29.28% (5,295,016) of New York's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.[10]
"Hand of Doom" is a song by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, originally appearing as the sixth song on their second album "Paranoid", released in 1970. It has been performed in many of Black Sabbath's live concerts. The lyrics were written by Geezer Butler while the music was written by the four members. "Hand of Doom" is accepted as one of the best songs on the album by many fans of Black Sabbath. It is the second longest song on the album behind "War Pigs".
Winter Olympics 2014: Great Britain's men's curling team see off Norway in nail-biting tie-break to reach semi-finals \| The Independent Winter Olympics 2014: Great Britain's men's curling team see off Norway in nail-biting tie-break to reach semi-finals David Murdoch's team took the match 6-5 thanks to the skipper's two-point haul in the final end Tuesday 18 February 2014 08:05 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Team GB men's curling captain celebrates his two-point haul in the final end of their tie-break 6-5 victory over Norway GETTY IMAGES Great Britain's men's curling team won through to the Winter Olympics semi-finals in nail-biting fashion with a last-end 6-5 tie-break win over Norway at the Ice Cube Curling Center in Sochi. David Murdoch's all-Scottish rink, one of the main British hopes for a medal in Russia, had been beaten by the Norwegians in their round-robin fixture and played catch-up for most of the game, until his brilliant final stone in the 10th end secured two game-winning points. GB will now play Sweden on Wednesday night, with the winners taking on either China or Canada in the final on Friday. Winter Olympics 2014: The best images from Sochi Winter Olympics 2014: The best images from Sochi 1/78 24 February 2014 Russia's President Vladimir Putin (C) poses for a photo with Russian athletes, winners of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, in Sochi GETTY IMAGES 2/78 23 February 2014 Hundreds of dancers join together to form the Olympics logo, with the fifth ring purposefully representing the malfunction in the opening ceremony. Reuters 3/78 23 February 2014 Fireworks explode around the Fisht Olympic Stadium at the end of the Closing Ceremony of the Sochi Winter Olympics at the Olympic Park in Sochi 4/78 23 February 2014 Alexander Zubkov’s four-man bobsleigh team celebrate gold for Russia reuters 5/78 23 February 2014 Pilot John James Jackson, Stuart Benson, Bruce Tasker and Joel Fearon of Great Britain team 1 make a run during the Men's Four Man Bobsleigh GETTY IMAGES Silver medalist David Murdoch of Great Britain celebrates during the medal ceremony for Men's Curling Getty Images 7/78 21 February 2014 Jianrou Li of China slides into the way of Elise Christie of Great Britain while competing in the Short Track Women's 1000m Semifinals GETTY IMAGES 8/78 21 February 2014 Elise Christie of Great Britain, Seung-Hi Park of South Korea, Marie-Eve Drolet of Canada and Veronique Pierron of France compete in the Short Track speed skating quarter-finals GETTY IMAGES 9/78 21 February 2014 Despite still winning a silver medal, David Murdoch reflects on what could have been after his Team GB curling rink lose 9-3 to Canada in the gold medal match GETTY IMAGES 10/78 21 February 2014 Ukraine win their first gold medal of the Games with Vita Semerenko shooting at the range to help secure the Women's Biathlon 4x6 km Relay title GETTY IMAGES 11/78 21 February 2014 Sweden’s Fredrik Lindberg shouts out orders to his teammates as Sweden go on to claim bronze in the curling, beating China 6-4 GETTY IMAGES 12/78 21 February 2014 Franziska Preuss of Germany competes during the Women's 4 x 6 km Relay in a Sochi sunset behind her GETTY IMAGES David Murdoch pictured during the curling final which Team GB lost 9-3 to Canada GETTY IMAGES Eve Muirhead in action in the bronze medal match, which Team GB won, beating Switzerland GETTY IMAGES 15/78 20 February 2014 Great Britain's Anna Sloan, Eve Muirhead, Vicki Adams and Claire Hamilton celebrate after winning the Women's Curling Bronze Medal Game at the Ice Cube Curling Center GETTY IMAGES 16/78 20 February 2014 Great Britain's Anna Sloan, Eve Muirhead, Vicki Adams and Claire Hamilton celebrate after winning the Women's Curling Bronze Medal Game at the Ice Cube Curling Center GETTY IMAGES 17/78 20 February 2014 Great Britain's Anna Sloan, Eve Muirhead, Vicki Adams and Claire Hamilton celebrate after winning the Women's Curling Bronze Medal Game at the Ice Cube Curling Center GETTY IMAGES 18/78 19 February 2014 Finland's goalkeeper Tuukka Rask (L) celebrates with a team-mate at the
Bridget Jones's Baby is a 2016 romantic comedy film directed by Sharon Maguire and written by Helen Fielding, Dan Mazer and Emma Thompson, based on the fictional columns by Fielding. It is the third film in the franchise and a sequel to 2004 film "". The film stars Renée Zellweger as Bridget Jones, who after becoming pregnant is unsure if Mark Darcy (Colin Firth, also reprising his role) or Jack Qwant (Patrick Dempsey) is the father.
Dubber Side of the Moon is the second dub reggae tribute to the Pink Floyd album, "The Dark Side of the Moon", by New York-based band Easy Star All-Stars. The album features bass-heavy dub remixes by prominent dub producers of its predecessor, Easy Star Records' 2003 release "Dub Side of the Moon". "Dubber Side of the Moon" debuted at #2 on the Billboard Reggae charts.
Guinness World Records The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2017 edition, it is now in its 62nd year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages. The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in Guinness World Records becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records; the organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records.[2]
Periodic table The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose adopted structure shows periodic trends. Generally, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right, with the elements having similar chemical behaviours being placed in the same column. Table rows are commonly called periods and columns are called groups. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are halogens; and group 18 are noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals.
. You are here: BBC Science > Human Body & Mind > The Body Human Anatomy - Organs Click on the labels below to find out more about your organs. More human anatomy diagrams: nervous system, skeleton, front view of muscles, back view of muscles Organise the organs in our interactive body. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites BBC SCIENCE is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of your own doctor, psychiatrist or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis, decision or self-assessment made by a user based on the content of the BBC SCIENCE website. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health. Science Homepage \| Nature Homepage Wildlife Finder \| Prehistoric Life \| Human Body & Mind \| Space Go to top
Robot (Lost in Space) The Robot was performed by Bob May[5] in a prop costume built by Bob Stewart.[3] The voice was primarily dubbed by Dick Tufeld,[6] who was also the series' narrator, and Jorge Arvizu for the Spanish dubbing. The Robot was designed by Robert Kinoshita, who also designed Forbidden Planet's Robby the Robot.[7] Robby appears in Lost in Space episode #20 "War of the Robots" and in episode #60 "Condemned of Space". The Robot did not appear in the unaired pilot episode, but was added to the series once it had been greenlit.
Your body uses mechanical and chemical means to digest food and it varies depending on the individual according to Michael Picco, M.D With Mayo Clinic gastroenterologist. The digestion process takes between 24 and 72 hours, six to eight hours to pass through your stomach and small intestine. Then the food enters your large intestine (colon) for further digestion and absorption of water. Elimination of undigested food residue usually begins after 24 hours.
April O'Neil April was later voiced by Renae Jacobs in the 1987 animated series, in the 2003 animated series by Veronica Taylor, and by Sarah Michelle Gellar in the 2007 film TMNT. In the 2012 animated series, April is voiced by Mae Whitman. In live-action media, she has been portrayed by Judith Hoag (1990), Paige Turco (1991 and 1993), and Megan Fox (2014 and 2016).
Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e] While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the creation of the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board, and the inclusion of ratings on all video games. With these ratings in place, Nintendo decided its censorship policies were no longer needed.
Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered. The concept of justice differs in every culture. An early theory of justice was set out by the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his work "The Republic". Advocates of divine command theory argue that justice issues from God. In the 17th century, theorists like John Locke argued for the theory of natural law. Thinkers in the social contract tradition argued that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone concerned. In the 19th century, utilitarian thinkers including John Stuart Mill argued that justice is what has the best consequences. Theories of distributive justice concern what is distributed, between whom they are to be distributed, and what is the "proper" distribution. Egalitarians argued that justice can only exist within the coordinates of equality. John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness. Property rights theorists (like Robert Nozick) take a deontological view of distributive justice and argue that property rights-based justice maximizes the overall wealth of an economic system. Theories of retributive justice are concerned with punishment for wrongdoing. Restorative justice (also sometimes called "reparative justice") is an approach to justice that focuses on restoring what is good, and necessarily focuses on the needs of victims and offenders.
How long is the Nile River? Nile Rivers Geography How long is the Nile River?5 Answers Jim Levie, former Linux/Unix Sys Admin, Networking, & Programming (1972-2014)Answered Aug 1, 2017 · Author has 2.2k answers and 274.5k answer views Most say it’s length is about 4,258 miles from lake Victoria to the Mediterranean sea. But that doesn’t include the tributaries that feed Lake Victoria, so its true length is a matter of debate.73 Views Related Questions More Answers Below What is the history behind the Nile River? What is the source of the river Nile? Did Top Gear discover the real source of the Nile river? What are some interesting facts about the Nile River? How deep is the Nile River? Ask New Question Quora User, finished 7th in the Alabama state Geography Bee in 8th grade. Answered Oct 8, 2011 · Author has 474 answers and 784.2k answer views According to Wikipedia, the Nile is 6650 km (4130 mi) long.368 Views · View Upvoters Maxim Aba, human geography background Answered Jun 25, 2015The very Nile river is a result of confluence of Blue Nile and White Nile. Its length is usually taken as a whole with the White Nile river coming from lake Victoria.105 Views · Answer requested by Kalim Imtiaz Quora User, former geography teacher Answered Jun 25, 2015 · Author has 342 answers and 413.5k answer views Current estimates are about 6650 km, which is about 250km longer than the Amazon, the second longest river. But this can only be an estimate, as geographers still cannot come to an agreement on the Nile's source.402 Views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Kalim Imtiaz Quora User, Marketing & Product at Zefo Answered Oct 8, 2011 · Author has 596 answers and 2.8m answer views Source - Lengthanswers.com - 4130 miles wikipedia.com - 4130 miles nationalgeographic.com - 4160 miles discovery.com - 4175 miles ancient-egypt-online.com - 4184 miles about.com - 4160 miles Take a pick.1.4k Views · View Upvoters Related Questions How long does it take to get to Cairo from Luxor on the river Nile? Let's suppose the Nile river suddenly dried up, what would the aftermath be? How long is the Nile? When does the Nile River flood? How can you describe the Nile River? What is the Nile River known for? What is the meaning of the river Nile? Why is the Nile river drying up? What is the length of the river Nile? What is a picture of the Nile River? Ask New Question Related Questions What is the history behind the Nile River? What is the source of the river Nile? Did Top Gear discover the real source of the Nile river? What are some interesting facts about the Nile River? How deep is the Nile River? How long does it take to get to Cairo from Luxor on the river Nile? Let's suppose the Nile river suddenly dried up, what would the aftermath be? How long is the Nile? When does the Nile River flood? How can you describe the Nile River? Ask New Question
How much does a solar panel cost on its own. How much does it cost to install DIY solar panels. How much do solar panels cost if you get a solar company to install them. What is the cost breakdown for an installed solar power system. Average cost of installing solar panels in each state. How to organize a solar panel installation for your home. Top 10 tips to getting the best solar quotes for your home.
The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, "Through the Wire" peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. "Slow Jamz", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. "Jesus Walks", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout, such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound.
Szczerbiec () is the coronation sword that was used in crowning ceremonies of most Polish monarchs from 1320 to 1764. It is currently on display in the treasure vault of the Royal Wawel Castle in Kraków as the only preserved piece of the medieval Polish Crown Jewels. The sword is characterized by a hilt decorated with magical formulas, Christian symbols and floral patterns, as well as a narrow slit in the blade which holds a small shield with the coat of arms of Poland. Its name, derived from the Polish word "szczerba" meaning a gap, notch or chip, is sometimes rendered into English as "the Notched Sword" or "the Jagged Sword", although its blade has straight and smooth edges.
Contraband is a 2012 American crime thriller film directed by Baltasar Kormákur, starring Mark Wahlberg, Kate Beckinsale, Ben Foster, Caleb Landry Jones, Giovanni Ribisi, Lukas Haas, Diego Luna and J. K. Simmons. The film is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic film "Reykjavík-Rotterdam" which Baltasar Kormákur starred in. It was released on January 13, 2012 in the United States by Universal Pictures.
Continental crust In contrast to the persistence of continental crust, the size, shape, and number of continents are constantly changing through geologic time. Different tracts rift apart, collide and recoalesce as part of a grand supercontinent cycle.[5] There are currently about 7 billion cubic kilometers of continental crust, but this quantity varies because of the nature of the forces involved. The relative permanence of continental crust contrasts with the short life of oceanic crust. Because continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust, when active margins of the two meet in subduction zones, the oceanic crust is typically subducted back into the mantle. Continental crust is rarely subducted (this may occur where continental crustal blocks collide and overthicken, causing deep melting under mountain belts such as the Himalayas or the Alps). For this reason the oldest rocks on Earth are within the cratons or cores of the continents, rather than in repeatedly recycled oceanic crust; the oldest intact crustal fragment is the Acasta Gneiss at 4.01 Ga, whereas the oldest oceanic crust (located on the Pacific Plate offshore of Kamchatka) is from the Jurassic (~180 Ma). Continental crust and the rock layers that lie on and within it are thus the best archive of Earth's history.[1][6]
Bullwinkle is a 1736 ft tall, pile-supported fixed steel oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Of the total height, 412.1 m are below the waterline. It is located in Green Canyon Block 65, approximately 160 mi southwest of New Orleans. Bullwinkle belongs to Fieldwood Energy LLC. The total field development construction cost was US$ according to some sources. The jacket, i.e. the mainly submerged part of the platform, was built by Gulf Marine Fabricators in 1985-1988 at the North Yard location at the intersection of the Corpus Christi Ship Channel and the Intracoastal Waterway in Port Aransas, TX, east of Corpus Christi. The platform was installed by Heerema Marine Contractors.
Another important element of a licensing agreement establishes the time frame of the deal. Many licensors insist upon a strict market release date for products licensed to outside manufacturers. After all, it is not in the licensor's best interest to grant a license to a company that never markets the product.The licensing agreement will also include provisions about the length of the contract, renewal options, and termination conditions. Most licensing agreements also address the issue of quality.ne of the most important elements of a licensing agreement covers the financial arrangement. Payments from the licensee to the licensor usually take the form of guaranteed minimum payments and royalties on sales.
What is the average cost of water sewer bill per month? How much would an electric and water bill cost for an average bakery about 1800sq. ft. and in coronado ca? Average water and sewer bill per month terre haute. What is average cost of water bill for a home in queens new york?
The Happy Historian The Happy Historian More Israeli hostages killed in Munich At Furstenfeldbruck air base near Munich, an attempt by West German police to rescue nine Israeli Olympic team members held hostage by Palestinian terrorists ends in disaster. In an extended firefight that began at 11 p.m. and lasted until 1:30 a.m., all nine Israeli hostages were killed, as were five terrorists and one German policeman. Three terrorists were wounded and captured alive. The hostage crisis began early the previous morning when Palestinian terrorists from the Black September organization stormed the Israeli quarters in the Olympic Village in Munich, killing two team members and taking nine others hostage. The 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, were publicized by organizers as the "Games of Peace and Joy." West Germans were intent on erasing the memory of the last Olympics held in Germany: the 1936 Berlin Olympics that Adolf Hitler exploited as a vehicle of Nazi propaganda. Police in Munich--the birthplace of Nazism--kept a low profile during the 1972 Games, and organizers chose lax security over risking comparison with the Gestapo police tactics of Hitler's Germany. So just before dawn on September 5, 1972--the eleventh day of the XX Olympiad--evidently no one thought it strange that five Arab men in track suits were climbing over a six-and-a-half-foot fence to gain access to the Olympic Village. The village, after all, had a curfew, and many other Olympic athletes had employed fence climbing as a means of enjoying a late night out on the town. In fact, some Americans returning from a bar joined them in climbing the fence. A handful of other witnesses hardly gave the five men a second glance, and the intruders proceeded unmolested to the three-story building where the small Israeli delegation to the Munich Games was staying. These five men, of course, were not Olympic athletes but members of Black September, an extremist Palestinian group formed in 1971. In their athletic bags they carried automatic rifles and other weapons. They were joined in the village by three other terrorists, two of whom were employed within the Olympic compound. Shortly before 5 a.m., the guerrillas forced their way into one of the Israeli apartments, taking five hostages. When the Palestinians entered another apartment, Israeli wrestling coach Moshe Weinberg struggled with them. He was shot to death after knocking two of his attackers down. Weightlifter Yossef Romano then attacked them with a kitchen knife, and he succeeded in injuring one terrorist before he was fatally shot. Some Israelis managed narrowly to escape through a back entrance, but a total of nine were seized. Four of the hostages were athletes--two weightlifters and two wrestlers--and five were coaches. One of the wrestlers, David Berger, had dual American-Israeli citizenship and lived in Ohio before qualifying for the Israeli Olympic team. Around 8 a.m., the attackers announced themselves as Palestinians and issued their demands: the release of 234 Arab and German prisoners held in Israel and West Germany, and safe passage with their hostages to Cairo. The German prisoners requested to be released included Ulrike Meinhof and Andreas Baader, founders of the Marxist terrorist group known as the Red Army Faction. If the Palestinians' demands were not met, the nine hostages would be killed. Tense negotiations stretched on throughout the day, complicated by Israel's refusal to negotiate with these or any terrorists. The German police considered raiding the Israeli compound but later abandoned the plan out of fear for the safety of the hostages and other athletes in the Olympic Village. Ten West German Olympic organizers offered themselves as hostages in exchange for the Israeli team members, but the offer was declined. Finally, in the early evening, the terrorists agreed to a plan in which they were to be taken by helicopter to the NATO air base at FÜrstenfeldbruck and then flown by airliner to Cairo with the hostages. The t
What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c
5.1 What Are Lipids? 5.1 What Are Lipids? Learning Objective Explain the role of lipids in overall health. Lipids are important fats that serve different roles in the human body. A common misconception is that fat is simply fattening. However, fat is probably the reason we are all here. Throughout history, there have been many instances when food was scarce. Our ability to store excess caloric energy as fat for future usage allowed us to continue as a species during these times of famine. So, normal fat reserves are a signal that metabolic processes are efficient and a person is healthy. Lipids are a family of organic compounds that are mostly insoluble in water. Composed of fats and oils, lipids are molecules that yield high energy and have a chemical composition mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Lipids perform three primary biological functions within the body: they serve as structural components of cell membranes, function as energy storehouses, and function as important signaling molecules. The three main types of lipids are triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. Triacylglycerols (also known as triglycerides) make up more than 95 percent of lipids in the diet and are commonly found in fried foods, vegetable oil, butter, whole milk, cheese, cream cheese, and some meats. Naturally occurring triacylglycerols are found in many foods, including avocados, olives, corn, and nuts. We commonly call the triacylglycerols in our food “fats” and “oils.” Fats are lipids that are solid at room temperature, whereas oils are liquid. As with most fats, triacylglycerols do not dissolve in water. The terms fats, oils, and triacylglycerols are discretionary and can be used interchangeably. In this chapter when we use the word fat, we are referring to triacylglycerols. Phospholipids make up only about 2 percent of dietary lipids. They are water-soluble and are found in both plants and animals. Phospholipids are crucial for building the protective barrier, or membrane, around your body’s cells. In fact, phospholipids are synthesized in the body to form cell and organelle membranes. In blood and body fluids, phospholipids form structures in which fat is enclosed and transported throughout the bloodstream. Sterols are the least common type of lipid. Cholesterol is perhaps the best well-known sterol. Though cholesterol has a notorious reputation, the body gets only a small amount of its cholesterol through food—the body produces most of it. Cholesterol is an important component of the cell membrane and is required for the synthesis of sex hormones, vitamin D, and bile salts. Later in this chapter, we will examine each of these lipids in more detail and discover how their different structures function to keep your body working. Figure 5.1 Types of Lipids The Functions of Lipids in the Body Storing Energy The excess energy from the food we eat is digested and incorporated into adipose tissue, or fatty tissue. Most of the energy required by the human body is provided by carbohydrates and lipids. As discussed in Chapter 4 "Carbohydrates", glucose is stored in the body as glycogen. While glycogen provides a ready source of energy, lipids primarily function as an energy reserve. As you may recall, glycogen is quite bulky with heavy water content, thus the body cannot store too much for long. Alternatively, fats are packed together tightly without water and store far greater amounts of energy in a reduced space. A fat gram is densely concentrated with energy—it contains more than double the amount of energy than a gram of carbohydrate. Energy is needed to power the muscles for all the physical work and play an average person or child engages in. For instance, the stored energy in muscles propels an athlete down the track, spurs a dancer’s legs to showcase the latest fancy steps, and keeps all the moving parts of the body functioning smoothly. Unlike other body cells that can store fat in limited supplies, fat cells are specialized for fat storage and are able to expand almost indefinitely in size. An overabundance of adipose tissue can result in undue stress on the body and can be detrimental to your health. A serious impact of excess fat is the accumulation of too much cholesterol in the arterial wall, which can thicken the walls of arteries and lead to cardiovascular disease. Thus, while some body fat is critical to our survival and good health, in large quantities it can be a deterrent to maintaining good health. Regulating and Signaling Triacylglycerols control the body’s internal climate, maintaining constant temperature. Those who don’t have enough fat in their bodies tend to feel cold sooner, are often fatigued, and have pressure sores on their skin from fatty acid deficiency. Triacylglycerols also help the body produce and regulate hormones. For example, adipose tissue secretes the hormone leptin, which regulates appetite. In the reproductive system, fatty acids are required for proper reproductive health; women who lack proper amounts may stop menstruating and become infertile. Omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids help regulate cholesterol and blood clotting and control inflammation in the joints, tissues, and bloodstream. Fats also play important functional roles in sustaining nerve impulse transmission, memory storage, and tissue structure. More specifically in the brain, lipids are focal to brain activity in structure and in function. They help form nerve cell membranes, insulate neurons, and facilitate the signaling of electrical impulses throughout the brain. Lipids serve as signaling molecules; they are catalysts of electrical impulse activity within the brain.© Thinkstock Insulating and Protecting Did you know that up to 30 percent of body weight is comprised of fat tissue? Some of this is made up of visceral fat or adipose tissue surrounding delicate organs. Vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, and liver are protected by visceral fat. The composition of the brain is outstandingly 60 percent fat, demonstrating the major structural role that fat serves within the body. You may be most familiar with subcutaneous fat, or fat underneath the skin. This blanket layer of tissue insulates the body from extreme temperatures and helps keep the internal climate under control. It pads our hands and buttocks and prevents friction, as these areas frequently come in contact with hard surfaces. It also gives the body the extra padding required when engaging in physically demanding activities such as ice- or roller skating, horseback riding, or snowboarding. Aiding Digestion and Increasing Bioavailability The dietary fats in the foods we eat break down in our digestive systems and begin the transport of precious micronutrients. By carrying fat-soluble nutrients through the digestive process, intestinal absorption is improved. This improved absorption is also known as increased bioavailability. Fat-soluble nutrients are especially important for good health and exhibit a variety of functions. Vitamins A, D, E, and K—the fat-soluble vitamins—are mainly found in foods containing fat. Some fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin A) are also found in naturally fat-free foods such as green leafy vegetables, carrots, and broccoli. These vitamins are best absorbed when combined with foods containing fat. Fats also increase the bioavailability of compounds known as phytochemicals, which are plant constituents such as lycopene (found in tomatoes) and beta-carotene (found in carrots). Phytochemicals are believed to promote health and well-being. As a result, eating tomatoes with olive oil or salad dressing will facilitate lycopene absorption. Other essential nutrients, such as essential fatty acids, are constituents of the fats themselves and serve as building blocks of a cell. Figure 5.2 Food Sources for Fat Soluble Vitamins Note that removing the lipid elements from food also takes away the food’s fat-soluble vitamin content. When products such as grain and dairy are processed, these essential nutrients are lost. Manufacturers replace these nutrients through a process called enrichment. Tools for Change Remember, fat-soluble nutrients require fat for effective absorption. For your next snack, look for foods that contain vitamins A, D, E, and K. Do these foods also contain fat that will help you absorb them? If not, think of ways to add a bit of healthy fat to aid in their absorption. (For more details on healthy fat, refer to Section 5.4 "Understanding Blood Cholesterol" of this chapter. )The Role of Lipids in Food High Energy Source Athletes have high-energy requirements.© Thinkstock Fat-rich foods naturally have a high caloric density. Foods that are high in fat contain more calories than foods high in protein or carbohydrates. As a result, high-fat foods are a convenient source of energy. For example, 1 gram of fat or oil provides 9 kilocalories of energy, compared with 4 kilocalories found in 1 gram of carbohydrate or protein. Depending on the level of physical activity and on nutritional needs, fat requirements vary greatly from person to person. When energy needs are high, the body welcomes the high-caloric density of fats. For instance, infants and growing children require proper amounts of fat to support normal growth and development. If an infant or child is given a low-fat diet for an extended period, growth and development will not progress normally. Other individuals with high-energy needs are athletes, people who have physically demanding jobs, and those recuperating from illness. When the body has used all of its calories from carbohydrates (this can occur after just twenty minutes of exercise), it initiates fat usage. A professional swimmer must consume large amounts of food energy to meet the demands of swimming long distances, so eating fat-rich foods makes sense. In contrast, if a person who leads a sedentary lifestyle eats the same high-density fat foods, they will intake more fat calories than their body requires within just a few bites. Use caution—consumption of calories over and beyond energy requirements is a contributing factor to obesity. Smell and Taste Fat contains dissolved compounds that contribute to mouth-watering aromas and flavors. Fat also adds texture to food. Baked foods are supple and moist. Frying foods locks in flavor and lessens cooking time. How long does it take you to recall the smell of your favorite food cooking? What would a meal be without that savory aroma to delight your senses and heighten your preparedness for eating a meal? Fat plays another valuable role in nutrition. Fat contributes to satiety, or the sensation of fullness. When fatty foods are swallowed the body responds by enabling the processes controlling digestion to retard the movement of food along the digestive tract, thus promoting an overall sense of fullness. Oftentimes before the feeling of fullness arrives, people overindulge in fat-rich foods, finding the delectable taste irresistible. Indeed, the very things that make fat-rich foods attractive also make them a hindrance to maintaining a healthful diet. Tools for Change While fats provide delicious smells, tastes, and textures to our foods, they also provide numerous calories. To allow your body to experience the satiety effect of the fat before you overindulge, try savoring rich foods. Eating slowly will allow you to both fully enjoy the experience and be sated with a smaller portion. Remember to take your time. Drink water in between bites or eat a lower fat food before and after a higher fat food. The lower-fat foods will provide bulk, but fewer calories. Key Takeaways Lipids include triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. Triacylglycerols, the most common lipid, comprise most body fat and are described as fats and oils in food. Excess energy from food is stored as adipose tissue in the body. Fats are critical for maintaining body temperature, cushioning vital organs, regulating hormones, transmitting nerve impulses, and storing memory. Lipids transport fat-soluble nutrients and phytochemicals and promote bioavailability of these compounds. Fat is a convenient source of energy for people with high-energy requirements. Fat provides double the energy per gram than protein or carbohydrates, enhances the smell and flavor of food, and promotes satiety. Discussion Starters Discuss the role of lipids in our diet and their critical functions in the body. Explain the importance of fats to the bioavailability of other nutrients. Discuss the role of fats as an energy source for the body.
Nucleolus The nucleolus (/njuːˈkliːələs/ or /ˌnjuːkliˈoʊləs/, plural nucleoli /njuːˈkliːəˌlaɪ/ or /ˌnjuːkliˈoʊlaɪ/) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.[2] It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis. Nucleoli also participate in the formation of signal recognition particles and play a role in the cell's response to stress.[3] Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions. Malfunction of nucleoli can be the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies"[4] and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy.[5][6]
Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.
Ebola virus cases in the United States In December 2014, Ebola virus cases in the United States occurred due to four laboratory-confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease (commonly known as "Ebola") in the United States.[3] Eleven cases have been reported, including these four cases and seven cases medically evacuated from other countries; the first was reported in September 2014.[4] Nine of the people contracted the disease outside the US and traveled into the country, either as regular airline passengers or as medical evacuees; of those nine, two died. Two people have contracted Ebola in the United States. Both were nurses who treated an Ebola patient; both have recovered.
Uzo Aduba Uzoamaka Nwanneka "Uzo" Aduba[1] (/ˈuːzoʊ əˈduːbə/; born February 10, 1981)[2] is an American actress. She is known for her role as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren on the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black (2013–present), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015.[3] She is one of only two actors to win an Emmy Award recognition in both the comedy and drama categories for the same role, the other being Ed Asner for the character Lou Grant.[4]
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector (c.1506-1552) Search EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF SOMERSET, Lord Protector of England, born about 1506, was the eldest surviving son of Sir John Seymour of Wolf Hall, Wiltshire, by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter of Sir Henry Wentworth of Nettlested, Suffolk. The Seymours claimed descent from a companion of William the Conqueror, who took his name from St Maur-sur-Loire in Touraine; and the protector's mother was really descended from Edward III . His father was knighted by Henry VII for his services against the Cornish rebels at Blackheath in 1497, was present at the two interviews between Henry VIII and Francis I in 1520 and 1532, and died on the 21st of December, 1536. Edward was "enfant d'honneur" to Mary Tudor at her marriage with Louis XII in 1514, served in the Duke of Suffolk 's campaign in France in 1523, being knighted by the duke at Roze on the 1st of November, and accompanied Cardinal Wolsey on his embassy to France in 1527. Appointed esquire of the body to Henry VIII in 1529, he grew in favour with the king, who visited his manor at Elvetham in Hampshire in October 1535. On the 5th of June 1536, a week after his sister Jane 's marriage to Henry, he was created Viscount Beauchamp of Hache in Somerset, and a fortnight after Edward VI 's birth in October 1537, he was raised to the earldom of Hertford. Queen Jane Seymour 's death was a blow to his prospects, and in 1538 he was described as being "young and wise" but of "small power." He continued, however, to rise in political importance. In 1541, during Henry's absence in the north, Hertford, Cranmer and Audley had the chief management of affairs in London; in September 1542 he was appointed warden of the Scottish marches, and a few months later Lord High Admiral, a post which he almost immediately relinquished in favour of the future Duke of Northumberland . In March 1544 he was made Lieutenant-general of the North and instructed to punish the Scots for their repudiation of the treaty of marriage between Prince Edward and the infant Mary Queen of Scots . He landed at Leith in May, captured and pillaged Edinburgh, and returned a month later. In July he was appointed Lieutenant of the Realm under the queen regent, Katherine Parr , during Henry's absence at Boulogne , but in August he joined the king and was present at the surrender of the town. In the autumn he was one of the commissioners sent to Flanders to keep Charles V to the terms of his treaty with England, and in January 1545 he was placed in command at Boulogne, where on the 26th he brilliantly repelled an attempt of Marshal de Biez to recapture the town. In May he was once more appointed Lieutenant-general in the North to avenge the Scottish victory at Ancrum Moor; this he did by a savage foray into Scotland in September. In March 1546 he was sent back to Boulogne to supersede Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey , whose command had not been a success; and in June he was engaged in negotiations for peace with France and for the delimitation of the English conquests. From October to the end of Henry's reign he was in attendance on the king, engaged in that unrecorded struggle for predominance which was to determine the complexion of the government during the coming minority. Personal, political and religious rivalry separated him and Lisle from the Howards, and Surrey 's hasty temper precipitated his own and his father's ruin. They could not acquiesce in the Imperial ambassador's verdict that Hertford and Lisle were the only noblemen of fit age and capacity to carry on the government; and Surrey's attempt to secure the predominance of his family led to his own execution and to his father's ( Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk ) imprisonment in the Tower. Their overthrow had barely been accomplished when Henry VIII died on the 28th of January 1547. Preparations had already been made for a further advance in the ecclesiastical reformation and for a renewal of the design upon Scotland; and the new government to some extent proceeded on the lines which Chapuys anticipate
War of Jenkins' Ear War of Jenkins' Ear 1739-1748 [ 1739 - 1749 ] The War of Jenkins' Ear (known as Guerra del Asiento in Spain) was a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748, with major operations largely ended by 1742. Its unusual name, coined by Thomas Carlyle in 1858,[5] refers to an ear severed from Robert Jenkins, captain of a British merchant ship. The severed ear was subsequently exhibited before the British Parliament. The tale of the ear's separation from Jenkins, following the boarding of his vessel by Spanish coast guards in 1731, provided the impetus to war against the Spanish Empire, ostensibly to encourage the Spanish not to renege on the lucrative asiento contract (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America). After 1742, the war was subsumed by the wider War of the Austrian Succession, which involved most of the powers of Europe. Peace arrived with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. From the British perspective, the war was notable because it was the first time that a regiment of colonial American troops was raised and placed "on the Establishment" – made a part of the Regular British Army – and sent to fight outside North America.
This was a new event on the 2013 ITF Women 's Circuit at São Paulo 's Clube Hebraica as the men 's ATP Challenger Tour came to the Brazilian city again after April 's IS Open de Tenis . Roxane Vaisemberg was the defending champion from 2012 's $ 10,000 event at São Paulo 's Clube Painieras do Morumby , but lost in the first round to Bianca Botto . Botto went on to win the tournament , defeating Gabriela Cé in the final , 7 -- 6 -LRB- 7 -- 2 -RRB- , 5 -- 7 , 6 -- 2 .
Philip Prospero , Prince of Asturias -LRB- Felipe Próspero José Francisco Domingo Ignacio Antonio Buenaventura Diego Miguel Luis Alfonso Isidro Ramón Víctor ; 28 November 1657 1 November 1661 -RRB- was the first son of Philip IV of Spain and Mariana of Austria to survive infancy . Philip IV had no male heir since the death of Balthasar Charles , his son by his first wife , Elisabeth of France , eleven years before , and as Spain 's strength continued to ebb the issue of succession had become a matter of fervent and anxious prayer .
1 Alopecia Areata. 2 Alopecia is an autoimmune disease that causes your body to attack your hair follicles, which can include hair on the eyebrow. 3 Medical treatments. 4 Chemotherapy for cancer treatments can cause hair loss, including on the brow line. 5 Aging. Vitamins A, E and D promote hair growth, and vitamin B mitigates bodily stress responses, which can prevent hair loss. 2 A deficiency in any of these vitamins can cause thinning eyebrows. 3 Hypothyroidism. 4 Interestingly, an under-active thyroid can cause women to lose one-third of the hair on their eyebrows.
(Everything I Do) I Do It for You "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams. Written by Adams, Michael Kamen and Robert John "Mutt" Lange, featured on two albums simultaneously on its release, the soundtrack album from the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and on Adams' sixth album Waking Up the Neighbours (1991). The song was an enormous chart success internationally, particularly in the United Kingdom, where it spent sixteen consecutive weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart (the longest in British chart history). It went on to sell more than 15 million copies worldwide, making it Adams' most successful song and one of the best-selling singles of all time.[2] Subsequently, the song has been covered by hundreds of singers and artists around the world.
My Life in Porn, full title "My Life in Porn: The Bobby Blake Story" was a revealing autobiographical book by Bobby Blake, an African-American retired gay pornographic film actor best known as a dominant top in gay pornographic films, who later retired from adult films around 2000 becoming an ordained Christian minister.
Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID) is a rare disorder that affects a personâs ability to digest certain sugars due to absent or low levels of two digestive enzymes, sucrase and isomaltase. Sucrase and isomaltase are involved in the digestion of sugar and starch.Sucrase is the intestinal enzyme that aids in the breakdown of sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose, which are used by the body as fuel. Isomaltase is one of several enzymes that help digest starches.ugar. Sucrose (a sugar found in fruits, and also known as table sugar) and maltose (a sugar found in grains) are called disaccharides because they are made of two simple sugars. Disaccharides are broken down into simple sugars during digestion by intestinal enzymes.
The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى‎, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʾ al-kubrā , 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert in the world. It is the third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its surface area of 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi)[citation needed]—including the Libyan Desert—is comparable to the respective land areas of China or the United States. The desert comprises much of the land found within North Africa, excluding the fertile coastal region situated against the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley of Egypt and Sudan. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north, to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually transitions to a coastal plain. To the south, it is delimited by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions, including the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert. Its name is derived from the plural Arabic language word for desert (صحارى ṣaḥārā  [ˈsˤɑħɑːrɑː]).
That is why I also believe that this reconciliation can take, but the government, which has very courageously found a solution to the issue of universities and to many other problems, needs the visible signs of success as well as a strong support, on pain of being threatened peace in the region as a whole.
The Picardy Spaniel is a breed of dog developed in France for use as a gundog. It is related to the Blue Picardy Spaniel, and still has many similarities, but the Picardy Spaniel is the older of the two breeds. It is thought to be one of the two oldest continental spaniel breeds and was favoured by the French nobility, remaining popular for hunting after the French Revolution due to its weather resistant coat that enabled it to hunt in a variety of conditions and terrain. However its popularity waned following the influx of English hunting breeds in the early 20th century. Slightly smaller than an English Setter but larger than most of its spaniel cousins, it has no major health issues although as with many breeds with pendulous ears, it can be prone to ear infections.
I don't know English very well but I'd like to speak in fluent English. Whenever I speak in English in front of others and my friends I always think that my friends will be laughing at me. I am also making spelling mistakes when I am writing. What is the solution for this?
Buddhism and Jainism are two ancient Indian religions that developed in Magadha -LRB- Bihar region -RRB- and continue to thrive in the modern times . Mahavira and Gautama Buddha are generally accepted as contemporaries -LRB- circa 5th century BCE -RRB- . Jainism and Buddhism share many features , terminology and ethical principles , but emphasize them differently . Both are śramaṇa ascetic traditions that believe it is possible to attain liberation from the cycle of rebirths and deaths -LRB- samsara -RRB- through spiritual and ethical disciplines . They differ in some core doctrines such as those on asceticism , Middle Way versus Anekantavada , self versus no-self -LRB- jiva , atta , anatta -RRB- .
Ole Andreas Halvorsen (born 1961) is a Norwegian-born investor, hedge fund manager, and philanthropist. He is the CEO and a co-founder of the Connecticut-based hedge fund, Viking Global Investors. Viking had $16.7 billion under management as of April 2012. Halvorsen has consistently ranked among the top earning hedge fund managers, placing 11th in Forbes' 2012 rankings and 9th in 2015, according to Institutional Investor's Alpha.
Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.
Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries. The Games have been held in the United States four times (1932, 1960, 1980, 2002); in France three times (1924, 1968, 1992); and in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948) twice. Also, the Games have been held in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), and Russia (2014) once. The IOC has selected Pyeongchang, South Korea, to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing, China, to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. As of 2017[update] no city in the southern hemisphere had applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer.
PySCF is an ab initio computational chemistry program natively implemented in Python program language. The package aims to provide a simple, light-weight and efficient platform for quantum chemistry code developing and calculation. It provides various functions to do the Hartree-Fock, MP2, density functional theory, MCSCF, Coupled Cluster theory at non-relativistic level and 4-component relativistic Hartree-Fock theory. Although most functions are written in Python, the computation critical modules are intensively optimized in C. As a result, the package works as efficient as other C/Fortran based quantum chemistry program. PySCF is developed by Dr. Qiming Sun.
Argo is a public artwork by Russian-American artist Alexander Liberman located on the south lawn of the Milwaukee Art Museum , which is in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , U.S.A. . The artwork was made in 1974 from steel cylinders painted with a reflective white epoxy finish . It measures 15 feet high by 31 feet wide .
Human rights in the United Kingdom From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search United Kingdom This article is part of a series on thepolitics and government of the United Kingdom Constitution [show]The Crown [show]Executive [show]Legislature [show]Judiciary [show]Devolution [show]Administrative geography [show]Elections [show]Foreign relations [show]United Kingdom portal Other countries Atlasv t e Human rights in the United Kingdom are set out in common law, with its strongest roots being in the English Bill of Rights 1689 and Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689, as well as legislation of European institutions: the EU and the European Court of Human Rights. [1] [nb 1] At the same time, it has been alleged that the UK has also had a history of both de jure and de facto discrimination, [4] and, in recent history, occasional violations of basic human rights, particularly in times of national security crises, or regarding the rights of migrants, [5] [6] [7] the unemployed, [8] and the disabled. [9] In recent years, however, British human rights legislation has been criticised by some for what they perceive as excessive attention to the human rights of offenders at the expense of those of victims; high-profile cases, such as those of Learco Chindamo [10] and the 2006 Afghan hijackers, [11] have attracted controversy, sparking calls [ who?] for the review of the Human Rights Act 1998 and other legislation. David Cameron in his second ministry announced plans to replace the Human rights Act with a " British Bill of Rights ". [12]Contents [ hide ]1 The approach to rights and liberties1.1 History1.2 The domestic tradition1.3 Moves toward change2 Legislation2.1 European Convention on Human Rights2.1.1 UK role2.1.2 Ratification2.1.3 Right of petition2.1.4 Campaign for incorporation2.1.5 Bringing Rights Home2.1.6 Passage of the bill through Parliament2.2 Human Rights Act 19982.2.1 Key provisions2.2.2 Criticism2.2.3 Proposed replacement by a Bill of Rights2.3 Scotland Act 19983 Convention rights in domestic law3.1 Right to life3.2 Freedom of thought, conscience and religion3.3 Freedom of expression3.4 Freedom of assembly and association3.5 Right to respect for privacy and the home3.6 Right to marry and family life3.7 Prohibition of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment3.8 Right to enjoyment of possessions3.9 Freedom from slavery and forced labour3.10 Right to liberty3.11 Rights of fair trial3.12 Freedom from discrimination3.13 Electoral rights4 Rights conferred by European Union law5 Rights conferred by international law6 Specific issues6.1 Security legislation6.1.1 Northern Ireland6.1.2 War on Terror6.1.3 Internment6.2 Human trafficking6.3 UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Investigation7 Cases involving the UK before the European Court of Human Rights8 Human rights organisations8.1 Accredited institutions8.2 Other organisations and bodies9 References9.1 Notes9.2 Footnotes9.3 Sources10 External links The approach to rights and liberties [ edit]History [ edit]The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights (1689)Ratified 16 December 1689Location Parliamentary Archives Author (s) Parliament of England Purpose Assert certain rights. Magna Carta, issued in 1215, explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects and restricted the power of the King of England. It implicitly supported what became the writ of habeas corpus, safeguarding individual freedom against unlawful imprisonment with right to appeal. [13] After the first representative English parliament in 1265, the emergence of petitioning in the 13th century is some of the earliest evidence of parliament being used as a forum to address the general grievances of ordinary people. [14] [15]The idea of freely debating rights to political representation took form during the Putney Debates of 1647. Beginning in the late 17th century, philosophers began to think of rights not as privileges to be granted by the government or the law, but as a fundamental part of what it means to be a person. [16]John Locke (1632–1704), one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers, argued that property - which to him included life, liberty and possessions - was an unalienable human right, that is, one which cannot be taken away. He articulated that every person is created equal and free but, in return for the advantages of living in an organised society, a person may need to give up some of this freedom. [17]The Bill of Rights 1689, enacted in the Kingdom of England (which at the time included Wales), reinforced the Petition of Right (1628) and the Habaes Corpus Act (1679) by codifying certain rights and liberties. It established the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment and limited the power of the monarch. [18] A separate but similar document, the Claim of Right Act 1689, was enacted in the Kingdom of Scotland; neither applies in Northern Ireland. [19] The rule of law started to become a principle in the way the country is governed. [20] [21]The domestic tradition [ edit]See also: Civil liberties in the United Kingdom In the place of the concept of popular sovereignty found in other democracies, the United Kingdom evolved a concept of parliamentary sovereignty under which the liberties of the individual are implications drawn from two principles. [22] First, the "residual liberty" to act as one wishes so long as the activity is not restricted by the law. [23] Second, public authorities and The Crown can do only that which is authorised by law, and in particular may not interfere with individuals' liberties without statutory authority. [22] In this perspective, the vision of individual rights is perceived more in terms of an "undifferentiated mass of liberty" rather than a bundle of separate positive liberties and freedoms which define the relationship between citizen and state. [24] As Parliament is sovereign, liberties are freely alterable under the supervision of citizens' elected representatives who ensure that any encroachment is controlled and authorised for democratic purposes. [24]Moves toward change [ edit]During the 20th century, a belief arose that some extra protection of human rights above and beyond parliamentary scrutiny was necessary. [25] Doubts grew about the capacity of parliamentary controls, partly because of scepticism about Parliament's will to control the growing executive and the control by political parties of their MPs which allowed weak governments to avoid effective challenges. [26] This scepticism went hand in hand with criticisms of the United Kingdom's political system and whether it is sufficiently representative of the range of opinion in the country. [26] The doubts intensified with the experiences with terrorism in the 1970s and accession to the European Community in 1973 where Britain was exposed to other legal systems which did not share the same concept of parliamentary sovereignty and which gave stronger protection to human rights. [27] In particular, European entry led to the notion that the Parliament of the United Kingdom could be subject to the decisions of a higher legal order in the form of the European Court of Justice. [27] This was highlighted in the Factortame litigation where the House of Lords was required to 'disapply' provisions of an Act of Parliament which were contrary to European Community law, effectively ruling them invalid. [27] In addition, increasingly influenced by international human rights law, comparative constitutional law and European law, English courts became more sympathetic towards the concept of popular sovereignty and fundamental rights and liberties. [22]Legislation [ edit]European Convention on Human Rights [ edit]Main article: European Convention on Human Rights UK role [ edit]The UK played an important role in the drafting of the Convention, [28] with figures such as Arthur Goodhart, John Foster and the UK-based Hersch Lauterpacht providing the impetus for the creation of the Council of Europe in 1949 as a means of guarding against the rise of new dictatorships and to provide the citizens of Soviet -occupied countries with a beacon of hope. [ citation needed]The initiative in producing a legally binding human rights agreement had already been taken by the International Council of the European Movement, an organisation whose cause had been championed by Winston Churchill and Harold Macmillan, and whose international juridical section (counting Lauterpacht and Maxwell Fyfe amongst its members) had produced a draft convention. [ citation needed]Chaired by Maxwell Fyfe and the former French Resistance leader Pierre-Henri Teitgen, the Legal Committee of the Council of Europe's Consultative Assembly proposed that the Council's Committee of Ministers draw up a convention which would take in and ensure the effective enjoyment of the rights proclaimed in the United Nations ' Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, as well as establishing a European Court and Commission of Human Rights. The Committee agreed and the text of what was to become the European Convention of Human Rights was in the main drafted by Sir Oscar Dowson, a retired senior legal adviser to the Home Office. [29]Ratification [ edit]There was reluctant support for the Convention back in the UK where Attlee 's Labour government were in power. [30] The Lord Chancellor Jowitt, the Colonial Secretary Griffiths and the Chancellor Sir Stafford Cripps disapproved of ratification on the basis of the loss of sovereignty that would result. [31] Jowitt also saw a threat to the domestic system of common law and the risk in allowing judgments to be made by an unknown foreign court. [32] He nevertheless believed that ratification was necessary from a political point of view as a refusal would be, in his view, difficult to justify at home and abroad. [33] Political pressure aside, the overall government view was that the Convention was only aimed at preventing a totalitarian takeover and not human rights issues within a functioning democracy. [34] In essence, it was thought that Britain had little to lose from ratification but rejection could risk some loss of face in Europe. [34] The Convention had more support among Conservative party politicians, in particular Winston Churchill who believed that it could help unify Europe on the basis of the rule of law. [27]The UK became the first state to deposit its instrument of ratification of the Convention on 8 March 1951, [35] with the Convention taking effect on 3 September 1953 after the tenth ratification was deposited. [36] [29] No legislation was introduced and no steps were taken to give effect to the Convention's rights in domestic law until the passing of the Human Rights Act 1998. [37]Right of petition [ edit]Two aspects of the Convention gave the United Kingdom's representatives to the Council of Europe cause for concern: the establishment of a European Court of Human Rights and the right of individual petition to the Court. [38] It was thought that the possibility to submit complaints was open to abuse and could be used for political purposes, notably by members of the Communist Party, rather than for genuine grievances. [38] In addition, it was feared that the consequences of accepting individual petition would be to cause instability in the British colonies as Britain's authority could be undermined. [39] Britain's attempts to exclude the provisions relating to these two issues were unsuccessful but it managed to ensure that they were optional. [40]The Conservative government elected in 1951 ratified the First Protocol to the ECHR in 1953 relating to the rights to property, education and free elections, [41] but resisted the right of petition on the grounds that the common law would come under scrutiny by an international court. [ citation needed] Labour's election in 1964 led to reconsideration of the issue and this time the only senior dissenting voice was that of the Home Secretary, Frank Soskice. [42] Although willing to accept the right of petition, he objected to the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court on the basis that it would deprive the United Kingdom of a degree of flexibility in dealing with petitions and could lead to political embarrassment. [43] Nonetheless, by 1965 a majority of government ministers believed that the Court would not pose a significantly greater threat to national sovereignty or to political survival than the Commission of Human Rights to which the United Kingdom was subject. [44] Further pressure for acceptance came from the British judge and President of the Court, Arnold Mc Nair, 1st Baron Mc Nair, the Secretary General of the Council of Europe Peter Smithers, Terence Higgins MP and various non-governmental organisations. [45] [46]As had been the case for ratification in 1950, the Labour government concluded in 1965 that there was little to be lost from giving in to the pressure to recognise the Court and the right of petition. [47] In December 1965, Wilson informed the House of Commons that the right of petition would be recognised for an initial period of three years. [48] At the time the government were concerned that the Burmah Oil Company would take advantage of the new right to contest the legality of the War Damage Act 1965 depriving the company of the right to compensation for damage caused during World War II as recognised by a House of Lords' decision, the acceptance was timed to fall outside the six-month limitation period for challenges to the Act and the United Kingdom's acceptance also explicitly stated that it applied only to claims arising after its effective date. [49] [50] The declarations of acceptance were deposited by Robert Boothby MP with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe on 14 January 1966. [51]Campaign for incorporation [ edit]The first public call for the incorporation of the Convention into national law was made in 1968 by Anthony Lester who published a pamphlet entitled Democracy and Individual Rights. [52] Then in 1974 Lord Scarman called for an entrenched instrument to challenge the sovereignty of Parliament and protect basic human rights. [52] [53] The following year a Charter of Human Rights was unveiled by the Labour Party National Executive Committee, although this was regarded as insufficient by certain Conservative politicians including Leon Brittan, Geoffrey Howe and Roy Jenkins who saw an entrenched Bill of Rights as more effective in preventing abuses by the executive of individual rights [54] In 1976, a draft Bill of Rights was moved in the House of Lords by Lord Wade and in 1978 a House of Lords Select Committee published a report recommending incorporation which was debated in the Lords leading to an amendment being moved which was requesting that the government introduce legislation on the matter. [55] [56] Lord Wade succeeded in securing the Lords' approval for a draft bill but it did not make any progress in the Commons where Alan Beith 's unsuccessful attempt to secure a second reading was poorly attended. [ citation needed] There was concern at the time about judges deciding cases involving human rights which could lead them from their traditionally impartial role to political issues [55] In 1986 Lord Broxbourne secured the Lords' approval for his incorporation bill, but was unsuccessful in the Commons, even though a second reading had been obtained. [56] [57] Edward Gardner 's 1989 bill to incorporate the Convention also failed on its second reading. [58] [57] At the time, official Conservative party policy was in favour of maintaining the existing constitutional arrangements which it saw as ensuring a high standard of protection of individual rights. [58] [59]By 1991 the momentum for incorporation had grown, garnering support from organisations such as Charter88, Liberty and the Institute for Public Policy Research - the latter two having published proposals for a British Bill of Rights incorporating the rights. [60] [61] Incorporation was also advocated by senior members of the judiciary, both past and present, including Lord Gardiner, Lord Hailsham, Lord Taylor and Lord Bingham, by the Law Society and the Bar Council. [ citation needed]Bringing Rights Home [ edit]Following the election of John Smith as Labour Party leader in 1992, Labour policy towards the Convention - which had been against it before and during the 1992 General Election [35] - began to change in favour of incorporation. [62] [56] [63] Smith gave a speech on 1 March 1993 entitled "A Citizen's Democracy" in which he called for a "new constitutional settlement, a new deal between the people and the state that puts the citizen centre stage". [64] This was followed by the Labour Party Conference in October 1993 which agreed in a two-stage policy whereby the Convention would be incorporated into law followed by the enactment of a Bill of Rights. [62] It was planned to entrench Convention rights using a "notwithstanding clause" similar to that in Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which would have led to the Convention prevailing over legislation passed by Parliament unless stated otherwise. [62] A human rights commission would also be set up to monitor and promote human rights. [62]In November 1994 Lord Lester introduced a bill in the Lords which was based on the New Zealand Bill of Rights which would give the Convention a similar status in UK law as that accorded to European Community law by allowing courts to disapply future and existing Acts of Parliament which were incompatible with it, imposing a duty on public authorities to comply and making provision for effective remedies including damages for breaches. [65] Introduced during a period of concern over the impact of European Community law on the Parliamentary sovereignty, the bill did not receive support from the Conservative government and failed in the Commons due to lack of time. [65] [66]On 18 December 1996, the shadow Labour Home Secretary Jack Straw and Paul Boateng published a Consultation Paper headed "Bringing Rights Home" which set out Labour's plans to incorporate the Convention if it won the next election. [67] The paper focused on the first stage of Labour's human rights policy and how the Convention should be incorporated, notably as regards its ability to override statutory law. [67] On 5 March 1997 a Labour and Liberal Democrat Consultative Committee on Constitutional Reform chaired by Robin Cook and Robert Maclennan published a report calling for the creation of a "Human Rights Commissioner" to oversee the operation of the legislation and to bring cases on behalf of those seeking protection of their rights. [ citation needed]Passage of the bill through Parliament [ edit]The election of Labour in May 1997 led to the publication of a white paper on the bill - "Rights Brought Home: The Human Rights Bill". [68]The bill was introduced by Lord Irvine to the House of Lords on 3 November 1997. [69] In response to a question from Lord Simon, Lord Irvine confirmed that the bill did not in fact incorporate the Convention, but rather gave "further effect in the United Kingdom to convention rights". [70] Lord Irvine also rejected a proposed amendment by the Conservative Lord Kingsland which would have had the effect of obliging the domestic courts to apply the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, stating that the obligation to take it into account was sufficient. [71] The Liberal Democrats supported the bill, as did several crossbenchers including Lord Bingham, Lord Scarman, Lord Wilberforce, Lord Ackner, Lord Cooke and Lord Donaldson. [ citation needed] The bill was opposed by the Conservative Party, [58] although some backbenchers rebelled against the party line, most notably Lord Renton and Lord Windlesham. [ citation needed]The second reading in the House of Commons took place on 16 February 1998 where the bill was introduced by Jack Straw who stated that it was "the first major Bill on human rights for more than 300 years". [72] In addition to the incorporation of the Convention in domestic law, Jack Straw indicated that the bill was intended to have two other significant effects: the modernisation and democratisation of the political system by bringing about "a better balance between rights and responsibilities, between the powers of the state and the freedom of the individual" [72] and the introduction of a culture of awareness of human rights by public authorities. [73] Amendments rejected included giving courts a greater degree of flexibility with regard to Strasbourg case-law and referring to the margin of appreciation accorded to states by the Court, [74] as well as limiting the obligation to interpret legislation compatibly with Convention rights only when it was 'reasonable' to do so. [75] A successful amendment was tabled by Labour backbencher Kevin Mc Namara which had the effect of incorporating into the bill Articles 1 and 2 of Protocol 6 of the Convention abolishing the death penalty in peacetime. [76] [77]The bill successfully negotiated the Commons and the Lords and entered into force on 2 October 2000 as the Human Rights Act 1998. [68]Human Rights Act 1998 [ edit]Main article: Human Rights Act 1998Key provisions [ edit]The Act seeks to give direct effect to the European Convention on Human Rights in domestic law by enabling claimants to bring an action in national courts instead of having to take their case before the European Court of Human Rights, as had previously been the case. [78] The Act makes it unlawful for a public authority to act in a manner contrary to certain rights prescribed by the Convention [79] and allows a UK court to award a remedy in the event of a breach. [80] In principle, the Act has vertical effect in that it operates only vis-à-vis public bodies and not private parties. [81] There are however certain situations in which the Act can be indirectly invoked against a private person. [82]Section 3 of the Act requires primary and secondary legislation to be given effect in a way which is compatible with the Convention insofar as this is possible. [83] If the legislation cannot be interpreted in a manner which is compatible, this does not affect its validity, continuing operation or enforcement. [84] In such a situation, section 4 of the Act allows a court to make a declaration of incompatibility which has no direct effect on the legislation nor any practical consequences for the case in which it is made; [85] it allows Parliament to take remedial action without being obliged to do so. [85]Criticism [ edit]The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (January 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Since its entry into force, the Human Rights Act 1998 has been the focus of intense criticism. [86] It is blamed for decisions which are seen as privileging the rights of criminals and terrorists. [87] In particular, cases where the deportation of criminals has been prevented on the basis of the risk posed to their human rights in the country to which they are to be sent has led to calls by politicians to "rebalance" the Act in favour of national security. [86] In July 2006, the Home Office published a report calling for the rights of law-abiding citizens to take precedence over those of criminals. [88] Senior politicians [ who?] and the British media [ who?] have criticised this aspect and the lenient treatment of criminals which the Act is said to encourage. [89] The Act has also been seen as hampering effective counter-terrorism action. [90] The 2006 Afghan hijackers case in which a group of Afghan men who hijacked an aircraft in order to enter the UK were granted leave to remain in the UK was criticised in the British media [ who?] [91] and by both opposition and government politicians. [92] Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair himself challenged the value of the Convention and the Act in the wake of news that a large number of foreign prisoners were released without being considered for deportation. [93]The Act has been criticised by judges [ who?] on the basis that it does not incorporate all the rights in the Convention into domestic law. [94] Legal commentators have also pointed out that the Convention is not a modern human rights instrument and was drafted in the 1940s as a response to specific historical circumstances. [95] The values which it embodies are said to be those of a different generation and omits in particular children's rights, information rights and socio-economic rights. [96] Senior judges [ who?] have called for a more critical approach. [97]Proposed replacement by a Bill of Rights [ edit]After Learco Chindamo, an Italian national convicted of the 1996 murder of a headteacher, Philip Lawrence, could not be deported to Italy after his release from prison in 2007, then-Conservative opposition leader David Cameron called for the repeal of the Act and its replacement by a "British Bill of Rights". [98] In July 2007, Prime Minister Gordon Brown published a green paper exploring the possibility of a Bill of Rights as part of a programme of constitutional reform. [99] In March 2009, a consultation process was launched with the publication of a Ministry of Justice green paper setting out preliminary proposals for a "Bill of Rights and Responsibilities". [100] The consultation was not completed before the 2010 general election. [101]Following the 2010 general election, the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition agreement provided for the establishment of a Commission to investigate the creation of a Bill of Rights. [102] The Commission was set up in March 2011. The nine-member Commission reported back in December 2012 that it had been unable to reach a consensus, with Lord Faulks and Jonathan Fisher, the two Conservative members, in favour of withdrawal from the Convention, while Philippe Sands, a Liberal Democrat adviser, and Baroness Kennedy, a Labour peer, opposed the introduction of a bill on the basis that it could be used to remove the United Kingdom from the European Court of Human Rights. [103] The Commission did agree however that no action should be taken until after the Scottish independence referendum, at which point a constitution convention should be held. [103]In a speech at the 2013 Conservative Party conference, Home Secretary Theresa May said the Conservative Party would, if re-elected at the 2015 election, withdraw from the Court and repeal the Human Rights Act if necessary to "fix" Britain's human rights laws. [104] This followed a similar pledge by Justice Secretary Chris Grayling in March 2013. [105]Scotland Act 1998 [ edit]Human rights in Scotland are given legal effect through the Scotland Act 1998. Section 57 (2) of the Act states: “A member of the Scottish Executive has no power to make any subordinate legislation, or to do any other act, so far as the legislation or act is incompatible with any of the Convention rights…” [106]Convention rights in domestic law [ edit]Right to life [ edit]Main article: Right to life The common law ensures the protection of the right to life and that no person is deprived of life intentionally. [107] This is achieved primarily through the criminal law and the crimes of murder and manslaughter. [108] Some protection is also offered by the civil law where, for example, the Fatal Accidents Act 1976 allows relatives of those killed by the wrongdoing of others to recover damages. [ citation needed] Capital punishment had by 1998 been abolished in respect of all offences. [109] Under the Coroners Act 1988 there is a duty in certain circumstances for deaths to be investigated by a coroner. [110]The law also attaches importance to the preservation of life: aiding and abetting a suicide is a criminal offence under the Suicide Act 1961 and euthanasia is unlawful (see the Bland case ). [111] Furthermore, there is a duty upon medical professionals to keep patients alive unless to do so would be contrary to the patient's best interests based on professional medical opinion (the Bolam Test ), taking into account their quality of life in the event that treatment is continued. [112] The Abortion Act 1967 permits the termination of a pregnancy under certain conditions and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 requires the storage of embryos to be licensed. [113]There is also an obligation on the state to prevent destitution and neglect by providing relief to persons who may otherwise starve to death. [114] [115]Freedom of thought, conscience and religion [ edit]Main articles: Freedom of thought and Freedom of religion in the United Kingdom The common law required punishment for "erroneous opinions concerning rites or modes of worship" to be provided for in legislation before it could be applied. [116] [117] There were a number of such laws in the 17th and 18th centuries, including the Corporation Act 1661 requiring holders of civic office to be members of the Church of England and the Test Act 1673 requiring holders of military or civil functions to take the oaths of supremacy and allegiance and subscribe to a declaration against transubstantiation. [116] Both Acts were repealed by the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 which admitted Catholics into the legal profession and permitted Catholic schools and places of worship. [116] Jews were allowed to enter Parliament under the Jews Relief Act 1858. [116] The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 amended the Act of Settlement 1701 to remove the exclusion from the line of succession of those who married Catholics. [118] However, it remains the case that the Sovereign must be a member of the Church of England. [119]Unlike the Church of Scotland and Church in Wales, the Church of England is the established church in England and enjoys certain privileges and rights in law. [120] However, the promotion of anti-Christian views is no longer illegal and the law places no formal restrictions on the freedom of worship. [120] There is no formal legal definition of religion and courts generally abstain from deciding issues of religious doctrine. [121] The common law offences of blasphemy and blasphemous libel were abolished by the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008. [122] A new offence of incitement to religious hatred was created by the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 [123] and discrimination on the grounds of religion is regulated by the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003. [124]The Military Service Act 1916 and the National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939 both provided for the possibility of exemption from military service on the basis of conscientious objection, [125] although the House of Lords has held that there would be no breach of human rights if such a possibility was not provided for. [126]Freedom of expression [ edit]Main article: Freedom of expression Regarded as one of the most important human rights, [127] the courts have stated that there is no difference between the protection offered by the common law, and that guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. [128] The right to freedom of expression has traditionally been considered as residual in character but certain types of speech are protected in positive terms. [129] This is the case of debates in Parliament which are protected by parliamentary privilege, media reporting on parliamentary proceedings is covered by absolute privilege, while reports of court proceedings are protected by qualified privilege so long as they are fair, accurate and not published with malice. [129]The right of freedom of expression can be restricted where justified in the public interest, as is the case with the law of defamation, the offence of contempt of court, the law of obscenity and indecency, the regulation of mass media and protection of national security. [130] Breach of confidence may be invoked before a court to obtain an injunction preventing the disclosure of confidential information. [131]Freedom of assembly and association [ edit]Main articles: Freedom of assembly and Freedom of association The right to free assembly is considered an aspect of the right to freedom of expression. [132] Simply put by Lord Denning, "it is the right for everyone to meet and assemble with his fellows to discuss their affairs and to promote their views". [133] It has traditionally been regarded as a residual right which individuals are free to exercise so long as the law does not preclude them from doing so. [134] [135] According to Dicey, "at no time has there in England been any proclamation of the right to liberty of thought or to freedom of speech, [...] it can hardly be said that our constitution knows of such a thing as any specific right of public meeting". [136] There are no common law rights to hold meetings on public land or in public buildings and the owners of quasi-public spaces such as shopping centres may exclude members of the public. [137] Peaceful meetings may be held on the highway so long as they do not restrict access by other road users. [138]The exercise of the right to free assembly is restricted by the common law as well as legislation. [132] There is a common law duty to protect the Queen's peace and the power to detain persons who commit breach of the peace. [139] The Public Order Act 1986 provides for the offences of riot, violent disorder, affray and causing harassment, alarm or distress, all of which may be committed by participants in an assembly. [140] In addition, the Public Order Act 1936 outlaws the wearing of political uniforms at a public meeting when they suggest an association with a political object. [132] The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 gives the police powers in relation to trespassers on private land. [141] [nb 2] There is now a requirement under the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 to notify the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis of an intention to demonstrate in Parliament Square and the Commissioner may impose such conditions as they see fit, including the place, time and number of participants. [142]As with the right of freedom of assembly, there has not traditionally been positive protection of the right of freedom of association. [143] The common law has recognised the autonomy of organisations in deciding their membership and legislation has not placed any general controls on the exercise of the right of association. [143] The right is generally reflected in the principle of freedom of contract and the relative ease by which companies and trusts can be set up. [144] The right is most regulated in the area of labour relations including the right to join a trade union which achieved statutory recognition in the Industrial Relations Act 1971, the right not to be dismissed or refused employment on the basis of non-membership under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 and the right to claim unfair dismissal on the basis of trade union activity. [144] However, there is no obligation on employers to recognise collective bargaining agreements except in certain very limited circumstances and their role has declined significantly. [ citation needed] The right to strike was acknowledged for the first time in March 2011 by the Court of Appeal. [145] The right not to be unjustly excluded from the exercise of a trade or profession has been recognised by the courts, in a case brought by female horse trainer Florence Nagle against the Jockey Club 's refusal to grant her a training licence on grounds of her sex. [146]The right of freedom of association can be restricted on grounds of public order and national security; the Public Order Act 1936 prohibits the control or management of quasi-military associations and the Terrorism Act 2000 makes it an offence to be a member of a proscribed organisation. [147]Right to respect for privacy and the home [ edit]Further information: Privacy in English law There is no general right to privacy in English law. [148] Attempts to establish such a right in Kaye v Robertson and Wainwright v Home Office were rejected on the basis that it could only be done by Parliament. [149] The creation of a tort of infringement of privacy had been recommended by Sir David Calcutt in his Review of Press Self-Regulation published in 1993, [150] but no action was taken. [151] Instead, a patchwork of different torts combine to protect certain aspects of privacy, [152] such as breach of confidence and misuse of private information. [153] In Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd, the House of Lords confirmed that a person will be subject to a duty of confidence if they receive information in circumstances where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy and where there is no justification for interference with that right to privacy. [154] This was followed by Douglas v Hello! Ltd where a magazine was successfully sued for publishing unauthorised photographs of a celebrity wedding. [ citation needed] [nb 3]The Data Protection Act 1998 protects certain personal data which must be processed in accordance with a number of principles and gives persons a right of access to data which concerns them. [155] Legal privilege protects communications with lawyers for the purposes of giving or obtaining legal advice and in the context of actual or contemplated litigation. [156]The right to freedom from interference with personal property is a well-recognised principle reflected in the maxim " an Englishman's home is his castle ." [157] [158] In Entick v Carrington, Lord Camden famously asserted that seizure and retention of property will be unlawful unless justified by law. [159] It is an offence to use violence to obtain unauthorised access to a property under the Criminal Law Act 1977 and the Protection from Eviction Act 1977. [ citation needed] Applications for search warrants must comply with the procedure in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and police surveillance is covered in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000. [160] Surveillance by the security and intelligence services is provided for in the Security Service Act 1989 and the Intelligence Services Act 1994. [161]The right to respect for the home relates only to an individual's existing home and there is no right to acquire a home. [162]Right to marry and family life [ edit]Further information: Marriage in England and Wales, Marriage in Scotland, and Marriage in Northern Ireland There is no general right to marry. [163] [164] The necessary formalities in the Marriage Act 1949 must be observed if the marriage is to be valid and parties who are less than 18 years of age must obtain consent under the Children Act 1989. [165] The Civil Partnership Act 2004 introduced the concept of civil partnerships and the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 provides for same-sex marriage. [166] [167] The right to obtain a divorce is contained in the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973. [168] The Gender Recognition Act 2004 allows transsexuals to change their legal gender. [169]The right to respect for family life, for which there is no general right at common law, [164] is qualified by the broad principle that the welfare of the child is paramount and parental rights must take second place. [170] In Gillick v West Norfolk Area Health Authority, Lord Scarman stated that "parental rights are derived from parental duty and exist only so long as they are needed for the protection of the person and property of the child", while Lord Fraser said that "parental rights to control a child do not exist for the benefit of the parent". [171] The effect of this is to allow state intervention in family life where justified in the interests of the child in question, and the Children Act 1989 gives effect to this by providing a basis on which decisions relating to a child's welfare are made. [170] Section 1 of the Act provides that a court must, when taking a decision with regard to a child, take into account the child's wishes and feelings. [172] Adoption is regulated by the Adoption and Children Act 2002. [173]Local authorities have a duty to act in a way to facilitate the right to family life, for example in providing travel arrangements for the elderly under the Health Services and Public Health Act 1968. [174] The right to education is guaranteed by the Education Act 1944, and the right to housing is enshrined in the Housing Act 1985. The enactment of the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 installed a minimum wage and the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 provides access to social security benefits. [175] There is no positive right to healthcare; the National Health Service Act 1977 imposes a duty on the Secretary of State to provide "adequate" healthcare but the courts have not thus far been willing to enforce this duty. [175]Prohibition of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment [ edit]The common law recognises that every person's body is "inviolate". [176] Interference will constitute the offence of common assault and the tort of battery. [177] Under the criminal law, an individual cannot consent to actual bodily harm and the House of Lords held in R v Brown that acts of sado-masochism committed in private between consenting adults did not give the author of the harm a valid defence in respect of his acts. [178] The Children Act 2004 removed the defence of reasonable chastissement in respect of acts committed against children and corporal punishment in schools was outlawed in the Education Act 1996. [179]The Criminal Justice Act 1988 prohibits torture carried out by public officials in the performance of their duties and evidence obtained by torture is excluded by the common law. [180] The Bill of Rights 1689 outlawed cruel and unusual punishment and provided that an action for damages could be brought by victims. [181]The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 allows police to carry out "intimate searches" of suspects in custody without the person's consent. [182]Right to enjoyment of possessions [ edit]Main article: Right to property Protection against the arbitrary deprivation of property was recognised in the Magna Carta and is of key importance in the common law. [183] Protection of the right to own and enjoy property is found in the offence of theft, by intellectual property laws and by the principle that there can be no taxation except that which is authorised by Parliament. [184] The right to property is qualified by compulsory purchase laws. [185]In civil cases, a judge may grant an Anton Piller order authorising the search of premises and seizure of evidence without prior warning. [ citation needed] The order's purpose is to prevent the destruction of incriminating evidence, particularly in cases of alleged intellectual property infringement. [ citation needed]Freedom from slavery and forced labour [ edit]Main article: Slavery at common law Slavery was abolished throughout much of the British Empire by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 but as early as 1706 the common law had recognised that as soon as a slave came to England, he became free. [186] [187] The courts did not recognise contracts which were equivalent to slavery or servitude. [187]The courts have been reluctant to force individuals to work and have declined to enforce contracts of service. [188]Forced labour is however permitted in certain limited circumstances: the Crown can theoretically compel persons to undertake naval service and prisoners can be forced to work whilst serving their sentences. [189]The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom considered the forced labour prohibition in Caitlin Reilly and Jamieson Wilson v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, where it ruled that the Department for Work and Pensions ' workfare policy under which the unemployed work in return for their benefit payments were not forced labour but were nevertheless legally flawed. [190]Right to liberty [ edit]Main article: Right to liberty As provided for in the Magna Carta, "no freeman shall be taken, imprisoned [...] except by the lawful judgment of his peers and by the law of the land." [191] The right is protected in three ways: the writ of habeas corpus requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, the tort of false imprisonment and the offence of kidnapping. [192] [193] Where an individual is lawfully arrested on the basis of an arrest warrant, the length of his detention is prescribed by statute; the detainee's rights and the powers of the police during the period of detention are also regulated under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. [194] The police have no general power to detain a person for questioning without making an arrest unless this is for the purpose of the exercise of another police power such as the use of a search warrant. [195]Arrests without a warrant are possible if the person is committing or about to commit an offence and the arresting officer has reasonable grounds to believe that arrest is necessary in order to ascertain the person's details, to prevent them from causing injury, damage or further offences, to protect a child or other vulnerable person, to allow prompt and effective investigation of the offence or the person's conduct or to prevent the investigation being hindered by the person's disappearance. [196]The police also have stop and search powers which they can use if they have reasonable grounds to believe that they will find stolen or prohibited articles or controlled drugs. [197] Under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, a senior police officer can authorise police officers in a locality to stop and search any pedestrian or vehicle where the officer has grounds for believing that the individual is carrying an offensive weapon or dangerous instrument. [198] In 1998 this legislation was extended to allow the officer to require the person to remove clothing worn for the purpose of concealing his identity, and to confiscate that article of clothing. [ citation needed] Special extended powers also apply in the case of terrorist suspects. [ citation needed] A person may be detained without charge for up to 24 hours, which can be extended for a further 12 hours by a senior officer in the case of a serious arrestable offence and further extended by a magistrates' court up to a total of 60 hours in respect of indictable offences. [199] Suspected terrorists may be detained for up to 48 hours without charge and immigrants and asylum-seekers may be detained for examination by immigration officers for an unlimited period. [200]Certain other categories of person may also be detained, such as persons in need of care and attention under the National Assistance Act 1948, children in the care of a local authority in secure accommodation, those suffering from infectious diseases under the Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984 and those detained by the British Armed Forces abroad. [201]The courts have powers to sentence offenders and deprive them of their liberty, as well as detain mental patients under the provisions of the Mental Health Act 1983. [202] They may also order the payment of compensation to persons who have been unlawfully detained and the Home Secretary may award payments to victims of miscarriages of justice. [203]Rights of fair trial [ edit]Main article: Right to a fair trial Although the common law provides no explicit statement of rights in a legal process, a number of principles combine to guarantee an individual a certain level of protection by law. [204] [205] These are often known as the rules of natural justice and comprise the principles nemo iudex in causa sua and audi alteram partem. [206] A fair hearing implies that each party has the opportunity to present their own case to an impartial tribunal. [207] Courts must generally sit in public and decisions may be challenged on the grounds of actual or apparent bias. [208] Although judges are under a common law duty to give reasons for their decisions, there is no such rule for non-judicial decision-makers. [209]Certain specific rights apply in criminal cases. [210] Persons in custody have the right to consult a solicitor by virtue of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and the Access to Justice Act 1999 allows an individual to request confidential and free legal advice. [211] The prosecution is under a common law duty to disclose all relevant evidence including that which may assist the defendant. [212] The accused also benefits from a limited right to silence and the privilege against self-incrimination. [213] Confessions are admissible as evidence under certain conditions laid down in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. [214] The accused additionally benefits from a presumption of innocence. [215] In discharging the burden of proof, the onus is on the prosecution as established in Woolmington v DPP. [216] For example, in R v Wang it was held that it was never permissible for a judge to direct a jury to find a defendant guilty. [ citation needed] There is also a right to jury trial, the accused should be able to follow proceedings and they have a right to be present during proceedings. [217] The application of the double jeopardy rule was limited by the Criminal Justice Act 2003. [218]Courts have jurisdiction to prevent abuses of process if it would be unfair to try a defendant or a fair trial would not be possible. [219]Freedom from discrimination [ edit]Main articles: Freedom from discrimination and United Kingdom employment equality law The common law has not traditionally provided effective protection against discrimination, refusing to find that slavery in the colonies was contrary to public policy and not interpreting the word "person" to include women. [220] Due to the inadequacies of the common law in this area, Parliament enacted the Race Relations Act 1965 and Race Relations Act 1968. [221] The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 was the first legislation to protect against discrimination on the grounds of sex or marital status, [222] while dismissal for pregnancy-related reasons is qualified as automatically unfair dismissal under the Employment Rights Act 1996. [223] The principle of equal pay was brought in under the Equal Pay Act 1970. [224] Racial discrimination was prohibited by the Race Relations Act 1976 and disability discrimination by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. [225] Discrimination on the grounds of religion and belief in the workplace and tertiary education was first regulated by the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace by the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 and age discrimination in employment by the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006. [226]Much of this legislation was consolidated into the Equality Act 2010, the bulk of which entered into force in October 2010, [227] which also introduces an "equality duty" requiring public bodies to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, to advance equality of opportunity and to foster good relations between people. [228] It also imposes a duty on public bodies to publish information about compliance with the equality duty and to set equality objectives. [228] In addition, the Act clarifies existing legislation and simplifies the definition of direct discrimination, extends the definitions of indirect discrimination and harassment, regulates pay secrecy clauses in employment contracts and the use of health questionnaires by employers. [229] It also gives employment tribunals new powers to make recommendations to employers. [229]Electoral rights [ edit]Main article: Elections in the United Kingdom The Representation of the People Acts 1983 and 2000 confer the franchise on British subjects and citizens of the Commonwealth and Ireland who are resident in the UK. [223] [230] In addition, nationals of other Member States of the European Union have the right to vote in local elections and elections to the European Parliament. [230] The right to vote also includes the right to a secret ballot and the right to stand as a candidate in elections. [230] Certain persons are excluded from participation including peers, aliens, infants, persons of unsound mind, holders of judicial office, civil servants, members of the regular armed forces or police, members of any non-Commonwealth legislature, members of various commissions, boards and tribunals, persons imprisoned for more than one year, bankrupts and persons convicted of corrupt or illegal election practices. [231] The restriction on the participation of clergy was removed by the House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001. [231]The Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 deals with the registration of political parties, while electoral boundaries are determined by four Boundary Committees established under the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986. [232] Electoral campaigns and electoral publicity, including expenditure rules per candidate, are regulated by the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000. [233]Rights conferred by European Union law [ edit]Fundamental rights form an integral part of European Union law. [234] As such, the principle of primacy of European Union law requires that any action taken by its member states must comply with the requirements of EU law as to the protection of fundamental rights. [234] [235] [236] In addition, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which has legal effect equivalent to the Treaties following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, [237] is applicable to Member States when "they are implementing Union law". [238] The Charter includes a number of rights not provided for in the Convention including the right of access to healthcare, the right of collective bargaining and action, the right to freedom of the arts and sciences, the right to education and the right of access to a free placement service. [239]The United Kingdom sought to obtain a partial opt-out from the application of the Charter with the addition of Protocol 30 which affirms that the European Court of Justice does not have the jurisdiction to state a breach of the Charter by national laws, regulations or administrative provisions, practices or action, and that nothing in Title IV of the Charter concerning employment rights creates " justiciable rights " applicable to the United Kingdom unless those rights exist already in its law. [240] However, the Court of Justice held in December 2011 that Protocol 30 does not operate to exempt the United Kingdom from ensuring compliance with the Charter's provisions or from preventing a national court from doing so. [241] [242] The extent to which Member States are bound by the Charter was highlighted in a judgment of the European Court of Justice from February 2013 which held that compliance is required where national legislation falls within the scope of European Union law. [243] [244]Other rights are conferred on UK nationals as citizens of the European Union, notably the right not to be discriminated against on grounds of nationality in an area within the scope of European Union law, the right to move and reside within the EU, the right to vote and stand for election in European and municipal elections, the right to diplomatic protection, the right to petition the European Parliament and the right to apply to the European Ombudsman. [245] [246] To these rights can be added the " four freedoms " of the European single market which include the right of free movement between Member States, the right to provide services in another Member State, the right to move capital between States and the right to move goods between States without restriction. [247] The rights to equal pay and to equal treatment in the workplace and with regard to social security are also recognised. [248]Rights conferred by international law [ edit]The United Kingdom is party to a number of international treaties and agreements which guarantee fundamental human rights and freedoms. However, as the UK is a dualist state, treaties and agreements ratified by the government have no effect until and unless incorporated into domestic law. [249] [250] The provisions of unincorporated treaties can have nevertheless an impact on domestic law in a certain number of situations including the interpretation of legislation, the consideration of public policy and the assessment of the legality of the exercise of administrative discretion. [249] In particular, there is a presumption that Parliament does not intend to legislate in a manner contrary to international agreements which have been ratified by the United Kingdom but not incorporated into domestic law. [251] This presumption is capable of rebuttal by reference to Hansard in accordance with the principle established in Pepper v Hart. [252]International human rights treaties and the UKUnited Nations [253] Ratified Incorporated Council of Europe [254] Ratified Incorporated Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 7 March 1969 [255]No [256] European Convention on Human Rights8 March 1951 [257]Partially [258]International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights20 May 1976 [259]No [260]Protocol 1 3 November 1952 [261]Yes [262]First Optional Protocol No [263]No [260]Protocol 4 Signed 16 September 1963 [264]No [265]Second Optional Protocol10 December 1999 [266]No [260]Protocol 6 20 May 1999 [267]Yes [265]International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 20 May 1976 [268]No [256]Protocol 7 No [269]No [265]Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women 7 April 1986 [270]No [271] Protocol 12No [272]No [273]Optional Protocol Acceded 17 December 2004 [274]No [271]Protocol 13 10 October 2003 [275]Yes [109]United Nations Convention Against Torture8 December 1988 [276]Partially [277]Protocol 14 28 January 2005 [278]n/a Optional Protocol10 December 2003 [279]No [256]Protocol 15 Signed 24 June 2013 [280]n/a Convention on the Rights of the Child16 December 1991 [281]No [282] European Social Charter11 July 1962 [283]No [284]Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict 24 June 2003 [285]No [282]Revised European Social Charter Signed 7 November 1997 [286]No [284]Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography20 February 2009 [287]No [282]European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 24 June 1988 [288]Partially [289]Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families No [290]n/a [256]European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages27 March 2001 [291]Partially [292]Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities8 June 2009 [293]No [256]Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities 15 January 1998 [294]Partially [295]Optional Protocol7 August 2009 [296]No [256] Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings17 December 2008 [297]Partially [298]Specific issues [ edit]Security legislation [ edit]Northern Ireland [ edit]Main article: The Troubles During the 1970s and 1980s, the British government focused a lot of effort on measures to combat the activities of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) and loyalist paramilitaries in Northern Ireland and Great Britain. In Northern Ireland, the government curtailed the civil liberties of all those, disproportionately from the Catholic nationalist minority (as the UK government commissioned Stevens Inquiries concluded; "This included examination and analysis of RUC records to determine whether both sides of the community were dealt with in equal measure. They were not." [299] ), who were interned without trial, and violated the human rights of some. During Operation Demetrius, for instance, a total of 1,981 people were interned without trial, [300] of whom only 107 were loyalists, and no loyalists were arrested until 1973, 2 years after the introduction of internment. [301] The Ministry of Defence stated "moderate physical pressure" was applied to the men. The Republic of Ireland lodged a complaint against the British government for its alleged treatment of interned prisoners in Northern Ireland (ECHR Ireland v UK 1978). The European Court of Human Rights initially ruled that torture had been used, but on appeal amended the ruling to state that the techniques used, including sleep deprivation, hooding, stress postures, subjection to " white noise " and deprivation of food and drink, constituted "cruel and inhuman treatment", but fell short of torture, in a landmark 1978 case. [302] [303] However, on December 2, 2014, in response to petitions from organisations including Amnesty International and the Pat Finucane Centre after RTÉ broadcast a documentary entitled The Torture Files [304] - which included evidence that the UK government of the time had intentionally misled the European Courts by withholding information, and that the decision to use the five techniques had been taken at UK cabinet level - Charles Flanagan TD, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade, announced that the Irish government had formally petitioned the EUCHR to re-examine the case. [305] As of January 2016, the case remains before the EUCHR. [306] There have also been persistent allegations of collusion between loyalist paramilitaries and British security forces, such as in the 1989 murder of human rights lawyer Pat Finucane [307] by members of the UVF, allegedly in collusion with MI5. [308] In 2011, then UK Prime Minister David Cameron admitted that members of the UK security service were involved in the murder. [309]War on Terror [ edit]Since 2001, the " War on Terror " has led to new human rights concerns. [ citation needed]The most recent criticism has concerned the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005, a response to a perceived increased threat of terrorism. This act allows the house arrest of terrorism suspects where there is insufficient evidence to bring them to trial, involving the derogation (opting-out) of human rights laws, through the imposition of control orders. This aspect of the Prevention of Terrorism Act was introduced because the detention without trial of nine foreigners at HM Prison Belmarsh under Part IV of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 was held to be unlawful under human rights legislation, by the House of Lords, in A and Others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (2004). [ citation needed]Both the above Acts have been criticised for the lack of parliamentary discussion; the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 went from introduction to Royal Assent in 32 days, the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 in 17. [ citation needed]The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 has also been criticised as giving the government very wide-ranging power in an emergency. [ citation needed]On February 2, 2005, Parliament's Joint Committee on Human Rights also suggested that the Identity Cards Act 2006 might contravene Article 8 of the European Convention (the right to respect for private life) and Article 14 (the right to non-discrimination). [310]In 2015, Home Secretary Theresa May introduced a Counter-Terrorism and Security Act, which was criticized by the civil liberties and human rights pressure group Liberty because 'Sadly this Bill ignores reforms that could improve the effectiveness of investigations and prosecutions and continues the discredited trend of unnecessary and unjust blank cheque powers that have the potential to undermine long term security'. [311]Internment [ edit]Main article: Internment Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 was passed. [ citation needed]Part 4 of the Act provided for the indefinite detention without charge of foreign nationals certified by the Home Secretary as "suspected international terrorists" where such persons could not be deported on the grounds that they faced a real risk of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment if removed to their home country. [ citation needed]Part 4 did not create new detention powers - under the 1971 Immigration Act, the Home Secretary has the power to detain a foreign national pending deportation. Instead, Part 4 removed a limitation on detention powers imposed by the requirements of Article 5 (1) (f) of the European Convention on Human Rights (which provided, among other things, that someone could only be detained for a short period prior to deportation). This was achieved by the British government derogating from the ECHR on the basis that the threat to the UK amounted to a 'public emergency threatening the life of the nation' within the meaning of Article 15. [ citation needed]However, the use of immigration detention powers meant that, although the British government could not force them, the detainees were technically free to return (albeit facing a real risk of torture). However, 2 detainees did leave - one to France and one to Morocco. [ citation needed]In 2002, the Special Immigration Appeals Commission held that indefinite detention under Part 4 was incompatible with the right to non-discrimination under Article 14 ECHR, on the basis that only suspected terrorists who were foreign nationals were subjected to detention, while suspects who were British nationals remained free. However, SIAC's declaration of Part 4's incompatibility with Article 14 was quashed by the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. [ citation needed]In December 2004, the House of Lords held 8-1 that Part 4 was incompatible with both Article 5 and Article 14 ECHR on the basis that indefinite detention was both a disproportionate measure notwithstanding the seriousness of the terrorist threat, as well as discriminatory. [ citation needed]Following the judgment, the government moved to introduce control orders as an (highly controversial) alternative measure. The use of control orders and the repeal of Part 4 of the 2001 was secured by the passing of the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005. [ citation needed]Human trafficking [ edit]Main article: Human trafficking in the United Kingdom There has been a growing awareness of human trafficking as a human rights issue in the UK, in particular the trafficking of women and under-age girls into the UK for forced prostitution. A particular high-profile case resulted in the conviction of five Albanians who ‘trafficked’ a 16-year-old Lithuanian girl and forced her into prostitution. [312] According to Home Office figures, there are over 1,000 cases of trafficking each year. Under pressure from organisations such as Amnesty International, the UK government has recently signed the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. [313] [314] [315]UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Investigation [ edit]In January 2014, the UK became the first country in its history [316] to be investigated under the United Nations ' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for "systematic and grave violations" of disabled people's human rights, largely in response to cuts made by the Department for Work and Pensions and social care provision since 2011, [317] which disproportionately affect disabled people, [318] [319] as well as workfare programmes and the " bedroom tax ". [320] The final report is expected in 2017. [321]Cases involving the UK before the European Court of Human Rights [ edit]By the end of 2010, the European Court of Human Rights had, in 271 cases, found violations of the European Convention of Human Rights by the United Kingdom. [4]. [23] These judgments cover a wide variety of areas, from the rights of prisoners to trade union activities. The decisions have also had a profound effect and influence on the approach adopted by the UK to the regulation of activities which could potentially engage Convention rights. As one author has noted, " [t]here is hardly an area of state regulation untouched by standards which have emerged from the application of Convention provisions to situations presented by individual applicants." [322]Notable cases involving violations of the Convention include: Criminal sanctions for private consensual homosexual conduct ( Dudgeon, 1981 );Refusal to legally recognise transsexuals (Rees, 1986);Different ages of consent for homosexuals and heterosexuals (Sutherland, 2000);Parents' rights to exempt their children from corporal punishment in schools (Campbell and Cosans, 1982);Sentencing a juvenile young offender to be "birched" (Tyrer, 1978);Wiretapping of suspects in the absence of any legal regulation (Malone, 1984);Restrictions on prisoners' correspondence and visits by their lawyers (Golder, 1975);Routine strip-searching of visitors to a prison (Wainwright, 2006);Allowing the Home Secretary rather than a court to fix the length of sentences (Easterbrook, 2003);Admitting testimony obtained under coercion as evidence ( Saunders, 1996 );Keeping a suspect incommunicado in oppressive conditions without access to a solicitor ( Magee, 2000);Extradition of a suspect to the United States to face a capital charge ( Soering, 1989 );Granting the police blanket immunity from prosecution ( Osman, 1998 );Shooting of Provisional Irish Republican Army suspects in Gibraltar without any attempt to arrest them ( Mc Cann, 1995);Killing of a prisoner by another mentally ill detainee with whom he was sharing a cell (Edwards, 2002);Investigation of an unlawful killing by police officers conducted by the police officers who participated in the killing (Mc Shane, 2002);Failure to protect a child from ill-treatment at the hands of his stepfather (A, 1998);Failure by a local authority to take sufficient measures in the case of severe neglect and abuse of children by their parents over several years (Z, 2001);Ineffective monitoring of a young prisoner who committed suicide during a short sentence (Keenan, 2001);Keeping a disabled person in dangerously cold conditions without access to a toilet (Price, 2001);Granting of an injunction against the Sunday Times for publishing an article on the effects of thalidomide (Sunday Times, 1979);Injunction against the Sunday Times for publishing extracts from the Spycatcher novel (Sunday Times (no. 2), 1991);Ordering a journalist to disclose his sources (Goodwin, 1996);Agreement obliging employees to join a certain trade union in order to keep their jobs (Young, 1981);Keeping a database of DNA samples taken from individuals arrested, but later acquitted or have the charges against them dropped ( Marper, 2008 );Forcing individuals to work for private companies without pay, [323] under threat of having their social security payments stopped ( Reilly, 2012, leading to the passing of the Jobseekers (Back to Work Schemes) Act 2013 as an ex post facto law, [324] itself also criticised for violating human rights treaties [325] ). Human rights organisations [ edit]Accredited institutions [ edit]There are three national human rights institutions in the UK, each with specific jurisdiction and functions. All three are accredited with 'A' status by the International Co-ordinating Committee of NHRIs, and all participate in the European Group of NHRIs, in both cases sharing one (United Kingdom) vote. The first such body to be created was the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC, www.nihrc.org) was set up in 1999, under the Northern Ireland Act 1998 which implemented elements of the Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement; its powers were strengthened by the Justice and Security (Northern Ireland) Act 2007. The Commission is mandated to promote and protect human rights in Northern Ireland through advising on legislation and policy, providing legal assistance to individuals, intervening in litigation, conducting litigation in its own name, publications, research, investigations, monitoring compliance with international standards, and education and training. The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC, www.equalityhumanrights.com) deals with anti-discrimination and equality issues in England, Scotland and Wales, and with human rights issues in England and Wales, and certain human rights issues in Scotland (those not devolved to the Scottish Parliament ). The Scottish Human Rights Commission (SHRC, www.scottishhumanrights.com) was established by The Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006 (Scottish Parliament), and became fully operational on 10 December 2008, Human Rights Day, and the 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Commission is mandated to promote and protect human rights in Scotland in relation to civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, through publications, research, inquiries, advice, monitoring, legal intervention and education and training. Other organisations and bodies [ edit]Amnesty International, the largest human rights organisation in the world, was set up in the UK;ARTICLE 19 works to promote freedom of expression in the UK and worldwide;the Committee on the Administration of Justice is a human rights NGO in Northern Ireland. The Convention on Modern Liberty is a British voluntary body and programme of the Open Trust that aims to highlight what it sees as the erosion of civil liberties in the UK;the Islamic Human Rights Commission is a non-profit organisation based in London;JUSTICE is a human rights and law reform organisation based in the UK. It is the British Section of the International Commission of Jurists. Its mission is to promote human rights and advance the rule of law in the UK;Liberty is an influential pressure group which aims to protect civil liberties in the UK. References [ edit]Notes [ edit]^ The United Kingdom consists of four countries and three distinct legal systems: England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. [2] [3] These jurisdictions have particular human rights considerations of their own, arising from differences in English law, Scots law and Northern Ireland law.^ Trespass is not an offence under Scots law and is approached differently in Scotland; see Right of way § United Kingdom.^ Super-injunctions in English law do not apply outside of the jurisdiction of English courts, that is, in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Footnotes [ edit]^ "The UK and the European Court of Human Rights" (PDF). Equality and Human Rights Commission. Spring 2012. p. 9. Retrieved 16 March 2016.^ "A Guide to the UK Legal System". Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University School of Law. November 2005. Retrieved 16 March 2016.^ "The Legal System of the United Kingdom". The Chartered Institute of Legal Executives. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.^http://docstore.ohchr.org/Self Services/Files Handler.ashx?enc=6Qk G1d%2f PPRi CAqh Kb7yhsg%2f OK3H8qae8Nh IDi53Mec J8Es8Jxwwa L1HQ8hg VMkgor%2ba2Bn DTW%2f HC6BIy M8TPJNF%2f6qe%2bcdb0NBn Xp%2b A57r BA17cvjm Bwuiv D2gq5FYEj^https://www.amnesty.org.uk/blogs/journalist-and-human-rights/uk-government-policy-resulting-asylum-seekers-starving-death^http://oblogdeeoblogda.me/2013/03/13/lesbian-dies-after-being-deported-by-united-kingdom-back-to-uganda/^http://immigrationmatters.co.uk/uk-border-agency-to-deport-ugandan-female-rape-victim.html^https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/jun/11/jobseekers-law-denying-benefit-rebates^ https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jul/07/uk-sleepwalking-violating-disabled-peoples-human-rights-charities^ David Cameron: Scrap the Human Rights Act, 24 August 2007, Daily Telegraph^ Hijacker ruling draws criticism, BBC News, 12 May 2006^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33134338^ "Magna Carta". The British Library. Retrieved 3 October 2014.^ "Origins and growth of Parliament". The National Archives. Retrieved 2013-11-17.^ Blick, Andrew (13 March 2015). "Magna Carta and contemporary constitutional change". History & Policy. History & Policy. Retrieved 21 July 2016.^ "Human Rights". The British Library. Retrieved 3 October 2014.^ "Locke's Two Treatises". The British Library. Retrieved 3 October 2014.^ "Britain's unwritten constitution". The British Library. Retrieved 27 November 2015. The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch’s prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from ‘cruel or unusual punishment’.^ "Bill of Rights 1689 - Commons Library Standard Note". UK Parliament. 5 October 2009. p. 3. Retrieved 16 November 2014.^ "Rule of Law". The British Library. Retrieved 3 October 2014.^ "The Rule of Law". The Constitution Society. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.^ a b c Lester & Oliver (1997), para. 101.^ a b Pannick & Lester (2004), para. 1.02.^ a b Feldman (2002), p. 70.^ Bogdanor (2009), p. 56.^ a b Feldman (2002), p. 71.^ a b c d Bogdanor (2009), p. 57.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.59.^ a b Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.47.^ Feldman (2002), p. 72.^ Wicks (2000), pp. 444-445.^ Wicks (2000), p. 445.^ Wicks (2000), p. 446.^ a b Wicks (2000), p. 447.^ a b Fenwick (2007), p. 141.^ Marston (1993), p. 796.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.05.^ a b Wicks (2000), p. 448.^ Wicks (2000), pp. 448-449.^ Wicks (2000), p. 451.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.18.^ Wicks (2000), p. 452.^ Wicks (2000), pp. 452-453.^ Wicks (2000), p. 453.^ Wicks (2000), pp. 453-454.^ Lester (1998), p. 239.^ Wicks (2000), p. 454.^ Lester (1998), p. 251.^ Lester (1998), p. 252.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.48.^ Lester (1998), p. 253.^ a b Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.19.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.50.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.20.^ a b Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.21.^ a b c Feldman (2002), p. 78.^ a b Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.55.^ a b c Fenwick (2007), p. 143.^ Amos (2006), p. 6.^ Feldman (2002), p. 79.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.56.^ a b c d Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.22.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.57.^ "Smith backs reform of state". The Independent. 1993-03-02. Retrieved 2013-11-04.^ a b Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.23.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 1.58.^ a b Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.24.^ a b Fenwick (2007), p. 160.^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo971103/text/71103-03.htm \|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 1997-11-03. col. 1227–.^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo980129/text/80129-27.htm \|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 1998-01-29. col. 421–422.^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo971118/text/71118-15.htm \|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 1997-11-18. col. 513–514.^ a bhttps://www.theyworkforyou.com/debates/?id=1998-02-16a.767.0#g767.3\|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 1998-02-16. col. 767–768.^ Klug (1999), pp. 246-247.^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo980603/debtext/80603-33.htm\|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 1998-06-03. col. 398–404.^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo980603/debtext/80603-40.htm\|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 1998-06-03. col. 419–422.^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo981021/debtext/81021-43.htm\|chapter-url= missing title ( help). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 1998-10-21. col. 1353–1356.^ Klug (1999), pp. 272-273.^ Amos (2006), p. 8.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 3.15.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 3.23.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 3.05.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 3.72.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 3.11.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 3.14.^ a b Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 4.91.^ a b Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.49.^ Wadham et al. (2011), paras. 1.39 and 1.49.^ Home Office (July 2006). "Criminal Justice System Review: Rebalancing the criminal justice system in favour of the law-abiding majority". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ "Burglar is freed to care for his children after judge rules prison breached his 'human rights ' ". Daily Mail. 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Fenwick (2007), p. 164.^ "Hijacker ruling draws criticism". BBC News Online. 2006-05-11. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ "Tory pledge on Human Rights Act". BBC News Online. 2006-05-12. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ "Blair sparks new deportation row". BBC News Online. 2006-05-17. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Amos (2006), p. 9.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. IN.16.^ Wadham et al. (2011), para. 1.25.^ Bowcott, Owen (2011-11-15). "UK courts following European human rights rulings too strictly, warn judges". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ "David Cameron: Scrap the Human Rights Act". The Daily Telegraph. 2007-08-24. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor (July 2007). "The Governance of Britain" (PDF). pp. 60–61. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor (March 2009). "Rights and Responsibilities: developing our constitutional framework" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Wadham et al. (2011), 1.51.^ Wadham et al. (2011), 1.52.^ a b "UK bill of rights commission fails to reach consensus". The Guardian. 2012-12-18. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Travis, Alan (2013-09-30). "Conservatives promise to scrap Human Rights Act after next election". The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ Judd, Terri (2013-03-04). "Conservatives promise to scrap Human Rights Act after next election". The Independent. Retrieved 2013-10-29.^ "Protecting and promoting human rights at home and abroad". The Scottish Government. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2016.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 7.08.^ Lester & Oliver (1997), para. 106.^ a b Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 7.20.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 7.44.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 7.09.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 7.24.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), paras. 7.16 and 7.19.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 5.130.^ R v Inhabitants of Eastbourne, (1803) 4 East 103.^ a b c d Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 14.03.^ Harrison v Evans, (1767) 3 Bro Parl Cas 465.^ "Law ending exclusively male royal succession now law". BBC News Online. 2013-04-25. 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"Review of Press Self-Regulation" (PDF). HMSO. para. 7.42. Retrieved 2013-10-30.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.10.^ Lester & Oliver (1997), para. 110.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.20.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.24.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), paras. 12.63-12.65 and 12.76.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.77A.^ Mc Lorie v Oxford, [1982] 1 QB 1290.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.117.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.118.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), paras. 12.123 and 12.159.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.175.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 12.182.^ R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Bhajan Singh, [1976] QB 198.^ a b Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 13.04.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 13.08.^ Clayton & Tomlinson (2009), para. 13.14.^ "Same-sex marriage becomes law in England and Wales". BBC News Online. 2013-07-17. 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Recent blog posts - Whisky News Whisky News News This month Charles reviews The Bowmore Black Rock, exclusive to travel retail. Islay Shipwrecks by Peter Moir and Ian Crawford makes for grim reading [Google 'Islay Shipwrecks' to see a summary of the book]. Literally hundreds of ships have gone down around the island from Viking times to the present day: the book describes 41 from between 1851 and 1974, but these are only the visible ones or those with remains which can be inspected by divers. The island lies to the north-east of the North Channel, the main artery for shipping between the Western Approaches from the Atlantic and the Clyde and Northern England ports. The prevailing winds are south-westerly – making Islay a dreaded ‘lee shore’ – and when this is combined with heavy tides, treacherous water and many off-shore and in-shore hazards, it is little wonder that the island becomes the final resting place of so many ships. The Black Rock is one such hazard. This fearsome tidal reef - a sgeir in Gaelic - is located in Loch Indaal, within sight of the distillery. It is illustrated on the bottle’s carton and has inspired the name of this expression of Bowmore, as part of a range... News This month Charles reviews The Glenlivet, Nàdurra First Fill Selection, exclusive to travel retail. The release of a new Nàdurra is always a matter for celebration. Last year's was drawn from Spanish oak ex-sherry casks; this year's follows the earlier batches in being drawn from first fill American white oak ex-bourbon casks. The distinguishing factor in the range is that each batch is small. I have been unable to find out just how many casks went into this expression, but they are all ‘first fill’ – they have never before been used to mature Scotch whisky. As a result the casks are very ‘active’: they impart an unusually high level of the flavours associated with American white oak – particularly vanilla and coconut.As the brand became more widely available it won several highly prestigious awards, including a double gold at the 2011 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, gold medals at the 2011 and 2012 International Wine & Spirits Awards and silver medals at the 2011 and 2012 International Spirits Challenge. The whisky is bottled at the higher strength of 48%ABV, which allows Alan Winchester, The Glenlivet’s Master Distiller, to bottle it without chill-filtration. This is important. Chill-filtration is a process which removes compounds... News This month Charles reviews the Oban Little Bay, exclusive to travel retail. 'Oban' is easy to say and order in the bar or the liquor store. There is no doubt that this has helped introduce this excellent malt to many, who have now become devotees – especially in the United States, which is the brand's principal market. Bruichladdich, Bunnahabhain, Auchroisk, Etc. eat your hearts out…! Now Diageo are releasing a new expression of Oban. It’s named Little Bay and is a translation of the place-name (according to Wikipedia), although my Gaelic dictionary tells me that although Òb is Gaelic for a ‘creek’ or ‘haven’, ‘little’ is beag. (ban is used mainly to indicate ‘female’). Anyhow, you get the picture. Oban Bay is certainly a ‘haven’ – a lovely, sheltered bay, protected to the south and west by the island of Kerrera, and to the east by the mainland, with a peninsula surmounted by the ruins of Dunollie Castle guarding it from northern gales. This headland has been fortified since the Bronze Age, and humans have taken shelter in Oban Bay since Stone Age times: in 1890 a cave was discovered behind Oban Distillery while the guys were blasting... News This month Charles reviews the travel exclusive Mortlach Special Strength. Mortlach Distillery is discreetly situated in a wooded glen on the southern edge of Dufftown – the first licensed distillery in the town which would become the ‘whisky capital’ of Speyside, with eight distilleries – and draws its water from ‘Highlander John’s Well’, much esteemed by illicit distillers. It was founded in 1824 by one James Findlater, but he soon r
Index-a Don't Forget To Hit <ESC> before going to a different page. Let's play a game of 30 questions. No, not that old standard of 20 questions, but one with an extra 10 questions added in and one that uses numeric answers (from 1 to 30). If you get stumped, go on to the next one. Perhaps the answer you need will be one of those left over when you complete all the questions you're sure of. Each answer is a number. The answers are the numbers 1-30. Each number appears only once. (Obviously) the questions are not in the right order.. 1. Aside from an extra 385 yards, how many miles is a marathon race? 2. If 27 solid cubes are formed into one big 3x3x3 cube how many individual cubes, at most, are visible from any single angle? 3. In the movie Spinal Tap what number is: "Well, it is one louder.."? 4. 'Via Dolorosa' is the (how many) Stations of the Cross, the Christian ritual tracing the key stages of the death of Jesus, beginning with his condemnation and ending with his being laid in the tomb? 5. How many dots are on a (standard 1-6) die? 6. The Russian 'Crimea Highway' trunk road from Moscow to the Crimea in Ukraine is the M (what)? 7. What number, between two hyphens, is used by journalists, etc., to mark the end of a newspaper or broadcast story? 8. How many unique dominoes are in a standard 'double six' set? 9. What number turned on its side (rotated 90 degrees) is the symbol for infinity? 10. The Marvel Comics superhero team led by Mr Fantastic was the Fanstastic (what)? 11. What is the larger number of the binary system? 12. Japanese haiku poems loosely comprise how many syllables? 13. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are respectively (what number)-and-half degrees north and south of the Equator? 14. What number is Hurricane on the Beaufort Scale? 15. Greek deka, and Latin decem, are what number? 16. Conventionally how many books are in the Bible's New Testament? 17. How many legs (or arms) are most usually on a starfish? 18. A lunar month is an average (how many) days plus 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds? 19. 'Roaring' refers to what pluralised number in describing a 1900s decade of western world prosperity? 20. Traditionally what number of years anniversary is symbolized by silver? 21. What is generally stated to be the number of major joints in the human body? 22. What number is the French coded slang 'vingt-deux!', which warns that police are coming? 23. What is the only number that equals twice the sum of its digits (digit means numerical symbol)? 24. The early/mid-1900s American vaudeville comedy act was called the (how many) Stooges? 25. Any line of three numbers in the 'magic square' (a 3 x 3 grid of the numbers 1-9) adds up to what? 26. What is the international SPI resin/polymer identification coding system number (typically shown within a recycling triangle symbol) for polystyrene? 27. Traditionally the diameter of the 45rpm gramophone record is (how many) inches? 28. Pure gold is (how many)-carat? 29. The expression 'On cloud (what)' refers to being blissfully happy? 30. Each player begins with (how many) pieces in a game of chess? Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (born 13 May 1950) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. Kirwan's first recorded work with the band was on the huge instrumental hit single "Albatross". Green later stated that, "I would never have done "Albatross" if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record." The B-side of the single was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini, and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan had adapted the piece for himself and Green to play on
Georgetown Plantation Trace. Georgetown/Quitman County is a consolidated government. It shares the Lake Walter F. George Wildlife Management area with a neighboring county to the South. Georgetown-Quitman County is a consolidated government. Quitman County was created from parts of Randolph and Stewart counties in 1858. The county was named for General John A. Quitman, a leader in the Mexican War, once Governor of Mississippi, and an avid spokesman for states rights.
OFFICE DETAILS. Bank of America Lancaster-Kiest branch is one of the 4568 offices of the bank and has been serving the financial needs of their customers in Dallas, Dallas county, Texas for over 22 years. Lancaster-Kiest office is located at 3523 South Lancaster, Dallas. You can also contact the bank by calling the branch phone number at 214-374-1638.
George D. "Pete" Morrison (August 8, 1890 – February 5, 1973) was an American silent western film actor born in Westminster, Colorado. During his childhood he lived in Morrison, Colorado (named for his grandfather George Morrison) and Idaho Springs, and got his early tastes of horsemanship riding with his father Thomas during the summer. They drove cattle and sheep from the summer ranges in Middle Park and Fall River in Colorado to supply beef and mutton to the mining camps of Georgetown, Idaho Springs, Nevadaville, Black Hawk and Central City. During his mid-teens Pete worked in the mining industry, with his older brothers driving in sections of the Argo Tunnel where Pete was a motorman, hoist operator, topside helper, teamster hauler, assisting several of the larger miners in the Idaho Springs area. In the summer of 1910 Pete Morrison was an engine fireman for the Colorado and Southern Railway when he was lured away by the early western movies. Pete began working as a stunt man for the Essanay Studios of "Broncho Billy" films, soon discovering he could make more money working in movies in 2 weeks than he could make working for a month on the railroad. Pete followed his older brother Chick Morrison to California, where he also became a star in early western pictures. Through his career, Morrison transcended from very early film in 1909 to sound in 1935 starring in some 132 pictures.
Bennie and the Jets "Bennie and the Jets" (also titled as "Benny & the Jets") is a song composed by Elton John and Bernie Taupin.[1] The song first appeared on the Goodbye Yellow Brick Road album in 1973. "Bennie and the Jets" has been one of John's most popular songs and was performed during John's appearance at Live Aid. The track is spelled Benny on the sleeve of the single and in the track listing of the album, but Bennie on the album vinyl disc label.[2]
How is Xanax Used in the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder? Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy How is Xanax Used in the Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder? Anxiety Treatment and Xanax By Arlin Cuncic Updated April 10, 2018Share Pin Email Print Getty / Caiaimage / Agnieszka Wozniak Xanax (alprazolam) is a medication used primarily to treat panic disorder but also used in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Xanax was first approved in the United States in 1981 and has become a commonly prescribed medication for anxiety. Xanax for Social Anxiety Disorder If you've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, the first line of medication treatment is usually the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, Xanax may be prescribed as a short-term option to help manage symptoms of anxiety. In this way, it's not a "first-line" treatment, but rather a complement to other treatment options. Why Xanax Is Prescribed for SADIf your doctor has given you a prescription for Xanax, it is likely to treat symptoms you experience that come on quickly. This isn't a long-term treatment option, but rather a short-term solution to panic or anxiety that you experience in specific situations. Xanax will not permanently cure your anxiety; rather, it helps to reduce your symptoms, often so that you can better participate in other forms of treatment, such as psychotherapy. Because Xanax starts working quickly, it will give you some immediate relief if you are suffering with severe bouts of anxiety. How Xanax Works and How You Will Feel Taking It Xanax provides fast relief of anxiety symptoms often seen in SAD and other anxiety disorders. It works specifically by binding to GABA receptors in your brain. This inhibits neuron activity (slows down your brain activity), and has the effect of reducing anxiety, fear, and feelings of terror—it might also leave you feeling sleepy, relaxed, and calm. Typically, you will start to feel the effects of taking Xanax within 15 to 20 minutes, and they will wear off in about six hours. How Xanax Is Prescribed Xanax is generally prescribed for a limited time. A doctor who prescribes this medication for longer than 8 weeks should check on the status of your anxiety to see if other treatment options might be more suitable. Xanax is taken in pill form and typical dosages of Xanax are 2 to 4 mg per day. If you have been prescribed Xanax, your doctor will probably start at a lower dose and adjust it upward to achieve optimal effects. Xanax for SAD Versus Other Disorders Xanax is most commonly prescribed for panic attacks, which occur as part of panic disorder and agoraphobia. It might also be used in the case of simple phobias for situations that rarely occur, such as a person who has a fear of flying. Xanax is helpful for panic-inducing situations as it can be used as needed before an event. In the case of social anxiety disorder, Xanax is more commonly prescribed for cognitive symptoms such as worrying about a performance or the judgment of others. In this case, Xanax can be taken about an hour before a performance event. Who Should Not Take Xanax You should not take Xanax if you have a hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, have acute narrow-angle glaucoma, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. Xanax has also not been shown effective for people under age 18. People with liver or kidney problems also should not take Xanax. As this medication is processed by these organs, if they are not working correctly, Xanax may build up in your body leading to the possibility of overdose or heavy sedation. Risks and Side Effects of Taking Xanax Side Effects The most common side effects of taking Xanax are sedation and drowsiness. In general, benzodiazepines such as Xanax have fewer side effects than other longer-term medications for anxiety. Avoid driving, operating machinery and participating in hazardous activities until you know how you react to Xanax. Medication Interactions A number of medication interactions can potentially occur with Xanax. It is important that your doctor is aware of all the medications you are currently taking. In addition, the effects of Xanax may be intensified if combined with alcohol. Dependence and Withdrawl There is a risk of emotional and physical dependence when taking Xanax. Withdrawal symptoms are possible if the medication is abruptly stopped and may include risk of seizures. Be sure to follow your doctor's directions for stopping Xanax or changing dosage. Over time, there is risk of your brain producing less GABA naturally, which may make Xanax less effective. If you have a history of substance abuse or addiction, Xanax may not be the best treatment option. Obtaining a Xanax Prescription If you've suffered for a long time with anxiety, you may wonder how to get prescribed Xanax and if it could help. While it is something that you can ask your doctor about, ultimately he or she will make the decision about the best treatment options for your situation. It is important not to use Xanax obtained from someone else. Not only is it illegal to take a medication without a prescription, but it can be dangerous. Beside the risk of dependence and withdrawl, combining Xanax with other substances that subdue your nervous system such as painkillers, antihistamines, and alcohol can be dangerous. Xanax should only be taken under the advice of a prescribing physician. In addition, Xanax can cause feelings of euphoria when taken in too large of doses, or by people who don't have anxiety. For all of these reasons, stay clear of taking a medication such as Xanax that was not prescribed for you. What to Do If Xanax Does Not Work If you find that prescription Xanax is not helping your anxiety, talk to your doctor. He or she will be able to either adjust the dose or choose a different medication. Remember that Xanax should form just one part of a larger treatment plan most likely including talk therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Xanax is not a replacement for other treatment, it's part of a larger plan. A Word From Verywell If you have been prescribed Xanax for your social anxiety you may feel nervous and unsure about taking the medication. These feelings are normal and to be expected. Talk with your doctor about your concerns, to ensure that the treatment plan you devise is optimal for your situation. Sources: Davidson JR. Pharmacotherapy of Social Anxiety Disorder: What Does the Evidence Tell Us? J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67 Suppl 12:20-6. Blanco C, Schneier FR, Schmidt A, et al. Pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety. 2003;18 (1):29-40. Blanco C, Raza MS, Schneier FR, Liebowitz MR. The evidence-based pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;6 (4):427-442. Canton J, Scott KM, Glue P. Optimal treatment of social phobia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012;8:203-215. Pfizer. Xanax Prescribing Information .
Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you - BBC Sport BBC Sport Ryder Cup: The greatest moment as voted for by you 18 Sep 2014 The biennial tussle between Europe and the USA has a back catalogue of classic moments and BBC Sport selected 10 of the greatest. Ahead of next week's contest at Gleneagles, we asked you to choose the best from our shortlist. Find out how you voted below and click here to listen to the BBC Radio 5 live debate. 1st (47%) - Poulter's five straight birdies provide spark for Europe's "Miracle at Medinah" - 2012 The scene: Holders Europe, containing four of the top five players in the world, were heading for the kind of defeat they had not experienced for more than 30 years. Media playback is not supported on this device 2012: Poulter sparks Miracle at Medinah At 10-4 down on Saturday afternoon, they were at least boosted by a one-hole win for Sergio Garcia and Luke Donald over Tiger Woods and Steve Stricker. However, Ian Poulter and Rory McIlroy were two down on Jason Dufner and Dustin Johnson with six to play. The moment: Not so much one moment but five of them as Poulter, a European talisman with 10 victories in his previous 13 matches, hit the hottest of putting streaks. In birdieing each of the final five holes, Poulter charged to a one-hole win, sealing victory with a nerveless 10-footer in the gloom of the 18th. His wide-eyed, fist-pumping roar was a sign of visiting defiance. "We have a pulse," he later told his team-mates. What followed was the greatest European comeback in the history of the Cup. Eight-and-a-half points taken from the singles might have been the Miracle of Medinah, but Europe would have been too far back had it not been for Poulter's heroics. Poulter: "You know what, these might be my majors. If they are, that's fine. If this is it, I'm a happy man. I've got more pride and passion to give in the Ryder Cup than I feel to win a major." 2nd (22%) - Clarke's emotional reception on the first tee following the death of his wife - 2006 The scene: Europe not only defended the Cup in 2004, but handed out an 18½-9½ thrashing at Oakland Hills. That, though, seemed irrelevant in the build-up to 2006 at the K Club in Ireland. Media playback is not supported on this device 2006: Clarke gets emotional reception at the K Club Darren Clarke's wife Heather died of cancer shortly after that year's Open, with Clarke subsequently halting all his playing commitments. Clarke would need a wildcard selection from captain Ian Woosnam and, when it was offered, Clarke accepted in accordance with the dying wish of his wife. The moment: Clarke was partnered with Lee Westwood in the final fourball match on a crisp, clear first morning in Dublin. As the pair left the putting green, Westwood went on ahead to "work the crowd" and when the Northern Irishman strode into the arena around the first tee he was hit with what he later described as a "tsunami of noise". With lumps in every throat, and Westwood and Clarke's caddie Billy Foster in tears, Clarke belted a 300-yard drive down the middle and birdied the first. The Europeans beat Phil Mickelson and Chris DiMarco one up, and Clarke went on to win the other two matches he played, as Europe recorded another 18½-9½ win. Clarke: "When Woosie dedicated the Ryder Cup to Heather, I doubt there was a dry eye in the house. Heather had wanted me to play and I'd done my bit. I knew she would have been proud." 3rd (11%) - The Concession. Nicklaus offers Jacklin a half to tie the match - 1969 The scene: Great Britain had won only three times in 42 years and were thrashed in 1967. Media playback is not supported on this device 1969: Jack Nicklaus concedes to Tony Jacklin But in perhaps the closest Ryder Cup in history, 17 of the 32 matches at Royal Birkdale went to the final hole. With only one pair left on the course, the contest was level at 15½-15½. The moment: The Cup came down to the final match between America's then seven-time major winner Jack Nicklaus and 25-year-old Englishman Tony Jacklin, that year's Open Champion. After Jacklin eagled the 17th, the
Toronto has a significant film and television production industry , which has earned it the nickname `` Hollywood North '' , alongside Vancouver . In addition to features that take place in Toronto , it often serves as a substitute location for other cities and areas including Chicago and New York City .
Globe Theatre The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.[4] A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed by an Ordinance issued on 6 September 1642.[5]
Tri-Angle is the debut studio album by South Korean pop group TVXQ , released on October 11 , 2004 by S.M. Entertainment . It sold 242,540 copies and became the eighth most successful album of the year in South Korea . The first single `` Hug '' debuted with 169,532 copies sold in 2004 , peaking at number four on the national monthly chart . As of 2014 , it sold 242,890 copies . In November 2004 , the Japanese version of `` Hug '' was released in Japan by Rhythm Zone , ultimately selling 4,710 copies . The second single , `` The Way U Are '' debuted at number two on the national chart and sold 214,069 copies . By the end of the year , the single sold 300,226 copies . The album 's last title single `` Tri-Angle '' uses a sample from the Symphony No. 40 in G minor by Mozart . The single also features the vocals of BoA and rock band the TRAX . Tri-Angle has sold approximately 309,000 copies as of 2011 .
â¢ EMOLLIENT (noun) The noun EMOLLIENT has 1 sense: 1. toiletry consisting of any of various substances in the form of a thick liquid that have a soothing and moisturizing effect when applied to the skin. Familiarity information: EMOLLIENT used as a noun is very rare. â¢ EMOLLIENT (adjective) The adjective EMOLLIENT has 1 sense: 1. having a softening or soothing effect especially to the skin Familiarity information: EMOLLIENT used as an adjective is very rare.
Melissa Francis Francis started her acting career on television before her first birthday, first appearing in a Johnson & Johnson shampoo commercial at 6 months of age. She was known for her role as Cassandra Cooper Ingalls on Little House on the Prairie, for two seasons.[2][3] Other television appearances include two series regular roles: Morningstar/Eveningstar and Joeâ€™s World, and three films including Man, Woman and Child, where she played Paula Beckwith. She has also had appearances in the television series St. Elsewhere in 1986 and the 1988 film Bad Dreams, where she played young Cynthia. Melissa appeared in nearly 100 commercials during her acting career. She is reportedly the inspiration for the fictional character Avery Jessup (conceived of and played by Elizabeth Banks) in the show 30 Rock,[4] although Banks herself has denied this.[5]

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