Split (1)

train · 1.2M rows

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 1.51M	query stringlengths 1 1.82k	positive stringlengths 1 637k ⌀	negative stringlengths 1 978k ⌀	dataset stringclasses 14 values
1,501,375	Who, in the 6th century BCE, was the last king of Lydia, Solon, who made war on Cyrus, King of Persia, and was defeated?	The Persians Xerxes the Great Cylinder seal and inscription of Cyrus the Great from Babylon I am Cyrus, king of the world, great king, mighty king, king of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters, son of Cambyses, great king, king of Anshan, grandson of Cyrus, great king, king of Anshan, descendant of Teispes, great king, king of Anshan, progeny of an unending royal line, whose rule Bel and Nabu cherish, whose kingship they desire for their hearts' pleasures. When I, well-disposed, entered Babylon, I established the seat of government in the royal palace amidst jubilation and rejoicing. Marduk, the great God, caused the big-hearted inhabitants of Babylon to...me. I sought daily to worship him. My numerous troops moved about undisturbed in the midst of Babylon. I did not allow any to terrorize the land of Sumer and Akkad. I kept in view the needs of Babylon and all its sanctuaries to promote their well being. The citizens of Babylon... I lifted their unbecoming yoke. Their dilapidated dwellings I restored. I put an end to their misfortunes. At my deeds Marduk, the great Lord, rejoiced, and to me, Cyrus, the king who worshipped, and to Cambyses, my son, the offspring of my loins, and to all my troops, he graciously gave his blessing, and in good spirit is before him we/glorified/exceedingly his high divinity.... The International History Project, 2004 Edited By: Robert Guisepi The History Of the Ancient Persian Empire From Rise To Fall A history of the Persians including their empire, rulers like Cyrus, Darius and Xerxes as well as their cities, rise and fall Persia, conventional European designation of the country now known as Iran. This name was in general use in the West until 1935, although the Iranians themselves had long called their country Iran. For convention's sake the name of Persia is here kept for that part of the country's history concerned with the ancient Persian Empire until the Arab conquest in the 7th century AD. An Overview of the The Persian Empire Cyrus the Persian was the greatest conqueror in the history of the ancient Near East. In 550 B.C. he ended Persian vassalage to the Medes by capturing Ecbatana and ousting the Median dynasty. The Medes readily accepted their vigorous new ruler, who soon demonstrated that he deserved to be called "the Great." When King Croesus of Lydia moved across the Hals River in 547 B.C. to pick up some of the pieces of the Median empire, Cyrus defeated him and annexed Lydia, including those Greek cities on the coast of Asia Minor that were under the nominal control of Lydia. Then he turned east, establishing his power as far as the frontier of India. Babylon and its empire was next on his list. Following the death of Cyrus, his son Cambyses conquered Egypt. The next ruler, Darius I (522-486 B.C.), added the Punjab region in India and Thrace in Europe. He also began a conflict with the Greeks that continued intermittently for more than 150 years until the Persians were conquered by Alexander the Great. Long before this event the Persian nobility had forgotten Cyrus the Great's answer to their suggestion that they "leave this small and barren country of ours" and move to fertile Babylonia: Do so if you wish, but if you do, be ready to find yourselves no longer governors but governed; for soft lands breed soft men; it does not happen that the same land brings forth wonderful crops and good fighting men. ^29 [Footnote 29: Herodotus History 9.122, trans. A. R. Burn, Persia and the West (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1962), p. 61.] Although built upon the Assyrian model, the Persian administrative system was far more efficient and humane. The empire was divi	The Persian Empire The Persian Empire (559 - 330 B.C.) Egypt, Babylonia, and Assyria were many centuries old when the mountain-walled plateau region south of the Caspian Sea was settled by a nomadic people from the grasslands of Central Asia in approximately 1000 BC. Although the newcomers called themselves Irani (Aryans) and their new homeland Irania (now Iran), the land came to be called Persia, because Greek geographers mistakenly named it after the province Pars, or Persis, where their early kings had their capital. The early Persians and their close relatives, the Medes, resembled the Semite peoples of the Middle East, but they spoke a different language. While the Semites spoke various Semitic languages, such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Assyrian, the languages of the Persians and Medes were Indo-Iranianthat is, they belonged to a group of languages that is more closely related to modern-day European languages than to Semitic tongues. Although both the Medes and Persians had worshiped nature gods, in the 6th century BC they began to follow the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster The Achaemenian Dynasty (559-330 BC) By the 6th century BC, the Medes had built a large empire that included the Persians to the east and the Assyrians to the west. However, in 550 BC Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Medes, acquiring Assyria in the process, which the Median King Cyarxes had taken in about 612 BC. The formidable armies of Cyrus battled their way to more victories, notably the conquest of Lydia, then ruled by King Croesus (see Croesus). This victory gave Cyrus possession of the Greek seaboard cities of Asia Minor. In 539 BC Babylon, capital of the Chaldean Empire, surrendered to Cyrus without a fight; in conquering Babylon, Cyrus also acquired Palestine. He allowed the Jews to return from Babylonian exile and rebuild their temple in Jerusalem. Turning eastward, Cyrus expanded his empire to the border of India. He was killed fighting against eastern nomads in 529 BC and was buried in a tomb he had prepared at his capital, Pasargadae. Cyrus' son Cambyses II, who ruled from 529 to 522 BC, successfully crossed the hostile Sinai Peninsula on his way to conquering Egypt in a short campaign. After his death, the crown of Persia was seized in 522 BC by Darius. Under Darius, the Persian Empire flourished. His most notable accomplishment was perfecting the system of government begun by Cyrus. The empire was divided into 20 satrapies, or provinces, each ruled over by a satrap. Officials known as the king's eyes made regular visits to the satrapies and reported their observations to the king. The satrapies furnished soldiers for the king's armies. Phoenicia, Egypt, and the Greek colonies of Asia Minor also supplied ships and sailors. In addition, each satrap paid a fixed yearly tribute to Darius. Enormous wealth flowed into the royal treasure houses of Susa, Persepolis, Pasargadae, and Ecbatana. When the king required money, he minted gold coins. To encourage commerce Darius standardized coins, weights, and measures; built imperial highways; and completed a canal from the Nile River to the Red Sea. He demanded strict enforcement of the severe laws of the Medes and Persians. Throughout his reign Darius was forced to suppress revolts in the empire. In 500 BC the Greek cities of Asia Minor rebelled. After putting down this rebellion, Darius turned on Athens to punish it for sending aid to the rebels. Beaten in the famous battle of Marathon, he prepared another expedition but died in 486 BC before it started. Xerxes, the son of Darius, ruled from 486 to 465 BC. He was a tyrannical king who began his reign by quelling rebellions in Egypt and Babylon, then gathered a huge force to overwhelm Greece. It seemed as if the mighty empire would conquer the small, disunited Greek city-states. Yet Xerxes met disaster at Salamis and Plataea, and his great army was driven back into Asia (see Persian Wars). This defeat marked the first sign of decay in the Persian Empire. Persian history for the next 125 years was filled with conspiracies, assassinations	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,376	In music, what word means increasing the loudness of the tone?	Music Theory Dictionary - The Method Behind the Music The Method Behind The Music Contact Us Jargon This is a quick guide to common music terms. It should smooth out confusions caused by too much music jargon. A Accent An accent is an emphasis on one note. Accents come in three types: dynamic, agogic, and tonic. This is the accent symbol <. Accelerando Italian. (accel). Directs the musicians to play with gradually increasing tempo. Accidental Symbols which are used to raised or lower the pitch of a note by one half step. Ex: sharps, flats, and naturals. Adagio Italian. (affret.) Quickening or hurrying. Allargando Italian. Gradually slower, louder, and broader. Allegretto Italian. (alltto.) Light and cheerful, faster than moderato, slower than allegro. Allegro Italian. A fast tempo. In Italian the word means lively or merry. Andante Italian. A moderately slow tempo. In Italian the word means walking. Arpeggation Playing the notes of a chord one after the other. Assai The vertical lines drawn across the staff to indicate the measures in a musical composition. Beam A broad, straight line connecting two or more eighth notes. Beat The steady pulse of music. Beats form the basis of sense of musical time. Blue tone Blue tones ('worried' tones) are tones that are between the diatonic and flatted thirds and sevenths, which characterize the blues scales. Blues scale A major scale with a flat third and seventh. It must be remembered that the flat third and seventh were sometimes 'worried' notes, thus their pitches did not always correspond to equal-tempered tuning. Boogie-woogie A modern blues style created for instrumental application. Boogie-woogie is characterized by adaptation of the ground bass principle - a repetitious bass figure that suggests the blues chord progression. Brio Italian With vigor and spirit. C A melody that can be sung against itself in imitation. Also called a round. Chord A combination of three or more pitches sounding at the same time. Chordal Texture A texture in which the musical material is concentrated into chords with relatively little melodic activity. Circle of Fifths A clockface arrangement of the twelve pitches in the order of the number of accidentals in the key signature. Common Time - C Another name for a 4/4 meter signature, sometimes written as a large capital C in place of a meter signature. Compound Division The division of the beat into three equal parts. Compound Meter A meter in which the beats have a compound division. Consonance A combination of sounds producing a feeling of stability, or of little desire for resolution. Crescendo Italian. (cresc.) A gradual increase in loudness. Cut Time Another name for the 2/2 meter signature, it is written as a large capital C with a line drawn vertically through it. D Italian. (D.C.) Repeat from the beginning. Dal segno Italian. (D.S.) Repeat from sign. Degree One of the notes in a scale. Degrees are usually numbered starting with the tonic. Decrescendo Italian. (decresc.) A gradual decrease in loudness. Diatonic Any one of the common scales made of whole and half steps in a particular pattern. The white keys on a piano instrument from a diatonic scale. Diminuendo A combination of sounds that produce harsh, discordant results, and increase the desire for resolution. Do The solfeggio syllable that corresponds to the tonic. Dolce Italian. (dol.) Softly, sweetly, delicately. Dominant The fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale. The solfeggio syllable Sol corresponds to the Dominant. Double Flat A symbol written to the left of the note head, which lowers the pitch by a whole step. It is double the effect of a single flat. The symbol looks like two flats connected. Double Sharp Written to the left of a note, The double sharp raises the pitch of a note by a whole step. It is double the effect of a single sharp. The symbol looks like an X. Duple Meter A meter that consists of two beats. Dynamic Accent Often indicated with an accent sign, This is an accent created when one note is louder than surrounding notes. E Two tones having the same pitch but differ	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,377	In which city was the Independent Labour Party founded in 1893?	Independent Labour Party Independent Labour Party ▼ Primary Sources ▼ Independent Labour Party In the 1880s working-class political representatives stood in parliamentary elections as Liberal-Labour candidates. After the 1885 General Election there were eleven of these Liberal-Labour MPs. Some socialists like Keir Hardie , the Liberal-Labour MP for West Ham, began to argue that the working class needed their own independent political party. This feeling was strong in Manchester and in 1892 Robert Blatchford , the editor of the socialist newspaper, the Clarion joined with Tom Garrs , and Richard Pankhurst to form the Manchester Independent Labour Party. The activities of the Manchester group inspired Liberal-Labour MPs to consider establishing a new national working class party. Under the leadership of Keir Hardie , the Independent Labour Party was formed in 1893. It was decided that the main objective of the party would be "to secure the collective ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange". Leading figures in this new organisation included Hardie, Robert Smillie , George Bernard Shaw , Tom Mann , George Barnes , John Glasier , H. H. Champion , Ben Tillett , Philip Snowden , Edward Carpenter and Ramsay Macdonald . In 1895 the Independent Labour Party had 35,000 members. However, in the 1895 General Electio n the ILP put up 28 candidates but won only 44,325 votes. All the candidates were defeated but the ILP began to have success in local elections. Over 600 won seats on borough councils and in 1898 the ILP joined with the the Social Democratic Federation to make West Ham the first local authority to have a Labour majority. The example of West Ham convinced Keir Hardie that to obtain national electoral success, it would be necessary to join with other left-wing groups. On 27th February 1900, representatives of all the socialist groups in Britain (the Independent Labour Party, the Social Democratic Federation and the Fabian Society , joined trade union leaders to form the Labour Representation Committee . (1) Philip Snowden , An Autobiography (1934) By the end of 1892 it was felt that the various Labour Unions should be merged into a National Party. So steps were taken to call a Conference, which met at Bradford in January 1893. To this Conference delegates from the local unions, the Fabian Society (which at the time was doing considerable propaganda work among the Radical Clubs), and the Social Democratic Federation, were invited. There were 115 delegates present at this conference, and among them was Mr. George Bernard Shaw, representing the Fabian Society. He played a conspicuous part in the Conference. Mr. Keir Hardie, fresh from his success at West Ham, was elected Chairman of the Conference. (2) In January 1893, Katharine Glasier described the formation of the Independent Labour Party in her diary. On January 13th, 1893, the Independent Labour Party sprang into being, and, as a child of the spirit of Liberty, claims every song that she has sung - in whatever land - as a glorious heritage. Life, lover, liberty, and labour make liquid music. The Labour Party is in league with life, and works for liberty that man may live. The Socialist creed of the 'One body' is a declaration that liberty grows with love, and that therefore life is love's child. (3) Henry Snell , Men Movements and Myself (1936) The Independent Labour Party was avowedly and uncompromisingly Socialist, and those of us who were its advocates attacked capitalism in every speech that we made. The Sunday meetings of the I.L.P. held in a thousand halls, suggested religious revival meetings rather than political demonstrations. The fervour of the great audiences that assembled in centres like Glasgow, Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield, Birmingham, and Bristol, was quite without precedent in British political history. Men who had grown old in years had their youthful enthusiasms renewed under the glow and warmth of a new spiritual fellowship. They were born again; they joyfully walked many miles to listen to a favourite speaker; they sang Labo	Cork City & Cobh Tourist Attractions Cork City & Cobh Cork City Cork city is built on the River Lee which divides into two channels at the western end of the city. The city centre is located on the island created by the channels. At the eastern end of the city centre where the channels re-converge, quays and docks along the river banks lead to Lough Mahon and Cork Harbour, which is one of the world's largest natural harbours. The city's cognomen of "the rebel city" originates in its support for the Yorkist cause during the War of the Roses. Corkonians often refer to the city as "the real capital" in reference to the city's role as the centre of anti-treaty forces during the Irish Civil War. Cork was originally a monastic settlement founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network. In the War of Independence, the centre of Cork was gutted by fires started by the British Black and Tans, and the city saw fierce fighting between Irish guerrillas and UK forces. During the Irish Civil War, Cork was for a time held by anti-Treaty forces, until it was retaken by the pro-Treaty National Army in an attack from the sea. Blarney Castle & Stone Blarney Castle was built nearly six hundred years ago by one of Ireland's greatest chieftains, Cormac MacCarthy, and has been attracting attention beyond Munster ever since. Over the last few hundred years, millions have flocked to Blarney, making it a world landmark and one of Ireland's greatest treasures. That might have something to do with the Blarney Stone, the legendary Stone of Eloquence, found at the top of our Tower. Kiss it and you'll never again be lost for words. Blarney Woollen Mill Built in 1823, Blarney Woollen Mills was originally known as Mahony's Mills and provided valuable employment to the people of Blarney and surrounding areas. When the Mill ceased production in 1973, it was purchased and converted into a visitor centre. Today, more than one million visitors pass through the old stone buildings each year. Blarney Woollen Mills is the largest Irish store in the world. We sell clothes, jewelry, pottery, crystal and lots more. Cork City Gaol Cork City Gaol is located 2km n/w from Patrick’s Street and while the magnificent castle like building is now a major and unique visitor attraction, this Gaol once housed 19th century prisoners. Visitors get a fascinating insight into day to day prison life at a time when the high walls ensured no escape and denied law abiding citizens the opportunity to see one of the finest examples of Ireland’s architectural heritage. Stepping inside visitors are taken back in time to the 19th century. Wandering through the wings of the Gaol, the atmosphere suggests you are accompanied by the shuffling feet of inmates, each representing their particular period in Irish history from pre –famine times to the foundation of the state. The cells are furnished with amazingly life like wax figures; original graffiti on cell walls tell the innermost feelings of some inmates while a very spectacular audio visual tells the social history and contrasting lifestyles of the 19th century Cork and why some people turned to crime, and some ended up in Australia. This exhibition fascinates visitors of all ages and nationalities and the tour is available in up to 13 languages. English Market The English Market comprises Princes Street Market and Grand Parade Market, and is a municipal food market in the centre of Cork, Ireland. The market is well supported locally and has become a tourist attraction - drawing visitors from throughout the world, including a visit by Queen Elizabeth II during her 2011 state visit. Since its refurbishment the market has become more multicultural, and a variety of fresh produce from around the world can be bought there. The market is still best known however fo	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,378	‘Down and Out in Paris and London’ was written by which British author?	BBC - History - Historic Figures: George Orwell (1903 - 1950) Historic Figures z George Orwell © Orwell was a British journalist and author, who wrote two of the most famous novels of the 20th century 'Animal Farm' and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four'. Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair on 25 June 1903 in eastern India, the son of a British colonial civil servant. He was educated in England and, after he left Eton, joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, then a British colony. He resigned in 1927 and decided to become a writer. In 1928, he moved to Paris where lack of success as a writer forced him into a series of menial jobs. He described his experiences in his first book, 'Down and Out in Paris and London', published in 1933. He took the name George Orwell, shortly before its publication. This was followed by his first novel, 'Burmese Days', in 1934. An anarchist in the late 1920s, by the 1930s he had begun to consider himself a socialist. In 1936, he was commissioned to write an account of poverty among unemployed miners in northern England, which resulted in 'The Road to Wigan Pier' (1937). Late in 1936, Orwell travelled to Spain to fight for the Republicans against Franco's Nationalists. He was forced to flee in fear of his life from Soviet-backed communists who were suppressing revolutionary socialist dissenters. The experience turned him into a lifelong anti-Stalinist. Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune, a weekly left-wing magazine. By now he was a prolific journalist, writing articles, reviews and books. In 1945, Orwell's 'Animal Farm' was published. A political fable set in a farmyard but based on Stalin's betrayal of the Russian Revolution, it made Orwell's name and ensured he was financially comfortable for the first time in his life. 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' was published four years later. Set in an imaginary totalitarian future, the book made a deep impression, with its title and many phrases - such as 'Big Brother is watching you', 'newspeak' and 'doublethink' - entering popular use. By now Orwell's health was deteriorating and he died of tuberculosis on 21 January 1950.	James Bond James Bond 2007 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Films James Bond 007 is a fictional British agent (the Bond character is usually referred to as a spy, but was actually a counter-agent and a professional assassin) created by writer Ian Fleming in 1952. Fleming wrote numerous novels and short stories based upon the character and, after his death in 1964, further literary adventures were written by Kingsley Amis (pseudonym Robert Markham), John Pearson, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, and Charlie Higson. In addition, Christopher Wood wrote two screenplay novelisations and other authors have also written various unofficial permutations of the character. Although initially made famous through the novels and books, James Bond is now best known from the EON Productions film series. Twenty-one films have been made (as of 2006) as well as two that were independently produced and one American television adaptation of Fleming's first novel under legal licence. The EON films are generally referred to as the 'official' films (although its origin is unclear, this terminology is used throughout this article). Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli and Harry Saltzman produced most of these up until 1975, when Broccoli became the sole producer. From 1995, his daughter, Barbara Broccoli, and his stepson, Michael G. Wilson, jointly continued production duties. To date, six actors have portrayed James Bond in the official series. They are: Pierce Brosnan (1995–2002), Daniel Craig (2006–present). In addition and generally considered "unofficial", Barry Nelson portrayed Bond in an Americanised television episode adaptation of Casino Royale in 1954. Bob Holness portrayed James Bond in a South African radio adaptation of Moonraker in 1956. Roger Moore acted the role in an episode of a TV comedy show called Mainly Millicent (starring Millicent Martin and guest stars) in summer 1964. This episode is included as a special feature (named Roger Moore as James Bond, Circa 1964) in the newly published Live and Let Die Ultimate Edition DVD. David Niven played the role of James Bond in a non-EON production of Casino Royale in 1967, and Connery reprised the character in another non-EON film, Never Say Never Again in 1983, an update of 1965's Thunderball, in which he also starred. The 1973 BBC documentary Omnibus: The British Hero featured Christopher Cazenove playing Bond in selected scenes from the original novels. The twenty-first official film, Casino Royale, with Daniel Craig as James Bond, premiered on 14 November 2006, with the film going on general release in Asia and the Middle East the following day. Broccoli and Saltzman's family company, Danjaq, LLC, has owned the James Bond film series, through EON, since the start. It became co-owner with United Artists Corporation since the mid-1970s, when Saltzman sold UA his share of Danjaq. Currently, Columbia Pictures and MGM (United Artists' parent) co-distribute the franchise. In addition to novels and films, Bond is a prominent character in many computer and video games, comic strips and comic books, and has been the subject of many parodies. Overview Ian Fleming's creation and inspiration Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR is an agent of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) (more commonly known as MI6). He was created in February 1952 by Ian Fleming while on holiday at his Jamaican estate called Goldeneye. The hero of Fleming's tale, James Bond, was named after an American ornithologist of the same name who was an expert on Caribbean birds and had written a definitive book on the subject: Birds of the West Indies. Fleming, a keen birdwatcher, owned a copy of Bond's field guide at Goldeneye. Of the name, Fleming once said, "I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting like 'Peregrine Maltravers.' Exotic things would happen to and around him but he would be a neutral figure – an anonymous blunt instrument wielded by a Government Department." Bond's parents are named as Andrew Bond, a Scotsman, and Mon	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,379	In 1985, which funny man was the first UK citizen to make a mobile phone call?	The call that changed our world: Blue plaque to mark site where a mobile phone was first used in the UK – The Sun SMARTPHONES may have changed the way we communicate and view the world – but the first mobile phone, which was heavier than a new-born baby, was no less groundbreaking. On New Year’s Day in 1985, the UK’s first official mobile call was made by comedian Ernie Wise from St Katharine Docks in London to the Vodafone offices in Newbury, Berkshire 65 miles away. This historic moment, which marked the start of the mobile age, is to be commemorated with a blue plaque in the town of Berkshire where Vodafone was founded and still resides today. Vodafone Newbury Town Council has applied for formal planning permission for the plaque, which will be placed at Thames Court, and will feature the wording “The first official mobile telephone call in the UK was made to Vodafone offices close to this site on January 1, 1985.” The phone which TV favourite Ernie, one half of legendary double act Morecambe and Wise, used to call Vodafone’s Sir Michael Harrison bears little comparison to the sophisticated devices we carry today. Weighing an incredible 11lbs, the equivalent of five bags of sugar, and costing the equivalent of £5,000, no one standing next to the diminutive funny man could have known the significance of what they were witnessing.	2001 KO Final February, which ex-PM was awarded an earldom on his 90th birthday ? Harold Macmillan B1 A member of the House of Lords and an ex-MP, who celebrated his 100th birthday in November 1984 ? Mannie Shinwell Which government department banned trades unions causing a national outcry ? GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters) Outside which foreign government building was policewoman Yvonne Fletcher shot and fatally wounded ? Libyan People's Bureau or Libyan Embassy A3 In the course of a violent argument in April, which recording artist was shot and killed by his father ? Marvin Gaye In October, who was killed by members of her own bodyguard ? Indira Ghandi A4 In March the British government announced its approval of the sale of which shipyard on the lower Clyde to Trafalgar House ? Scott Lithgow B4 In October which bank, a bullion dealer, was rescued from debts of around ï¿½250 million by a Bank of England buy-out ? Johnson Matthey Subject: ï¿½One Word Cinemaï¿½ Answers A1 A 1992 Oscar winning Clint Eastwood film in which a former hired killer turned unsuccessful farmer returns to his old ways in pursuit of a $1,000 reward ? Unforgiven B1 A 1972 John Boorman film in which a leading character, played by Ned Beatty, is raped by a ï¿½Hillbillyï¿½ ? Deliverance A2 A 1929 film, Hitchcockï¿½s first talkie, in which a Scotland Yard Inspector is placed in a difficult position when he discovers his girlfriend has committed a murder ? Blackmail B2 Set in Rio, a 1946 Hitchcock film with Cary Grant & Ingrid Bergman in which a woman marries a Nazi renegade to help the US Government ? Notorious A3 A 1916 film by D.W. Griffith starring Lillian Gish in one of four intercut stories including Balshazzarï¿½s Feast and the St Bartholomewï¿½s Day Massacre ? Intolerance B3 A 1967 camped-up version of Faust in which a short order cook is saved from suicide by Mr Spiggott - who offers him 7 wishes in exchange for his soul ? Bedazzled A4 A 1924 Erich von Stroheim film in which an ex-miner turned dentist kills his avaricious wife and her lover ? Greed B4 Set in the mid 19th century, a 1999 film starring Guy Pearce & Robert Carlyle in which a cannibalistic officer commands an isolated army outpost ? Ravenous Answers A1 The liqueur Curaï¿½ao (say ï¿½Koor-a-sowï¿½) is traditionally flavoured with sugar & which fruit ? Orange B1 Which spirit takes its name from a place near Guadalajara (say ï¿½Gwadlaharaï¿½) where the conquistadors first developed it from a variety of Aztec drink ? Tequila A2 With a peculiar but agreeable taste, which coarse & potent liquor is made in the East Indies from a variety of sources, including fermented rice & coconut juice ? Arrack B2 Used to season food & fruit as well as alcoholic drinks, which flavouring is prepared with oil distilled from the aromatic bark of two S. American trees blended with herbs, and bears the former name of a port in Venezuela ? Angostura (now called Cuidad Bolivar) A3 Derived from a town in north east Hungary, what name is shared by a grape variety and a golden-yellow coloured, sweet, aromatic wine ? Tokay (from Tokaj) Subject: Wordgame ï¿½Noï¿½ as in ï¿½Noteï¿½ Answers ï¿½ a spout on a hose etc. from which a jet issues ? Nozzel ï¿½ a small round piece of meat or a chocolate made with hazelnuts ? Noisette ï¿½ something or someone absolutely un	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,380	Ceramic items are made from what material?	What is a Ceramic ? Ceramics are classified as inorganic and nonmetallic materials that are essential to our daily lifestyle. Ceramic and materials engineers are the people who design the processes in which these products can be made, create new types of ceramic products, and find different uses for ceramic products in everyday life. Ceramics are all around us. This category of materials includes things like tile, bricks, plates, glass, and toilets. Ceramics can be found in products like watches (quartz tuning forks-the time keeping devices in watches), snow skies (piezoelectric-ceramics that stress when a voltage is applied to them), automobiles (sparkplugs and ceramic engine parts found in racecars), and phone lines. They can also be found on space shuttles, appliances (enamel coatings), and airplanes (nose cones). Depending on their method of formation, ceramics can be dense or lightweight. Typically, they will demonstrate excellent strength and hardness properties; however, they are often brittle in nature. Ceramics can also be formed to serve as electrically conductive materials, objects allowing electricity to pass through their mass, or insulators, materials preventing the flow of electricity. Some ceramics, like superconductors, also display magnetic properties. Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms. Once the ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high temperature oven known as a kiln. Often, ceramics are covered in decorative, waterproof, paint-like substances known as glazes.	10 Amazing Man-Made Substances - Listverse 10 Amazing Man-Made Substances Lester Boyce June 20, 2013 We all know that mankind is capable of genius. But if you scratch the surface of what we can come up with, even those of us who have already discovered chocolate-covered pretzels can be blown away. For instance, did you know that we have … 10One-Way Bulletproof Glass The problems of the ultra-rich are different than yours or mine. Going by the market forces that gave us this entry, the ultra-rich worry about the fact that the bulletproof glass that may save their lives would also stop them from shooting back. Enter one way ballistic glass : it stops bullets from one side only, allowing return fire. How is this wizardry achieved, you ask? By sandwiching two sheets of different plastics together — a brittle acrylic layer, and a softer, more elastic, polycarbonate layer. The acrylic forms a very hard surface under pressure. When a bullet strikes this side, the layer flattens it before shattering, dissipating its energy. It is then possible for the shock-absorbing back layer to contain the bullet (and the shards of acrylic) without breaking. When shot from the other side however, the bullet hits the polycarbonate first, stretching it initially. This bending shatters the brittle acrylic behind, leaving no resistance once the bullet punches through, thus allowing the target to become the shooter . But don’t get too cocky — you just put a hole in your shield. 9Liquid Glass Once upon a time, dish soap didn’t exist. In the past, pans were washed with soda, vinegar, silver sand, Vim or wire wool, but a new spray-on coating could save plenty of labor and make dish soap itself obsolete. Liquid Glass combines silicon dioxide with water or ethanol to make a spray that dries to form a layer of “ flexible, super-durable glass “. The layer is invisible (500 times thinner than a human hair), non-toxic and repels liquids. Liquid Glass would eliminate the need for scrubbing, and make most cleaning products unnecessary, because it also renders surfaces anti-bacterial. Microbes landing on the surface have a hard time staying there. Throw out your bleach and simply turn on to sterilize a kitchen sink. This means that in medical applications, a treated surface could be sterilised with only hot water , with no need for chemical disinfectants. The coating can be used to treat plants fungal infections and to seal corks for better bottle seals. We aren’t trying to sell it here (promise!), but this stuff repels liquids, is non-toxic, flexible, anti-bacterial, breathable, durable and invisible. Oh, and its also dirt cheap. Either it’s a miracle, or the fine print is invisible, too. Time will tell. 8Amorphous Metal Amorphous metal is a material that is allowing golf clubs to hit harder, bullets to strike with more force, engines and surgical knives to last longer. Contrary to its name, it combines the usual strength of metal with the surface hardness of glass. In the video above, two ball bearings are bounced, one on steel and one on amorphous metal. The bearing bounces much higher off the amorphous metal and keeps going for an uncomfortably long time. The impact of the bearing actually leaves many small “pits” in the steel, meaning the steel absorbs and dissipates the energy of the impact. The amorphous metal is smooth however, meaning that all the energy of the impact is transmitted back to the bearing, causing the higher bounce. Most metals have a crystalline atomic structure, which is very ordered and repetitive. Under impacts or other stress, planes of atoms in the metal can permanently ‘slip’ to form visible dents. Amorphous metal has a disordered, random atomic structure, meaning such slips are prevented and the atoms rebound to their initial position. 7Starlite A plastic with incredible heat resistance , Starlite’s quality as a thermal insulator is actually so staggering that for a while people just assumed its inventor was deluded. Then, following the above TV spot, the British Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) got in touch. They subjected it	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,381	What is the name of Elvis Presley's former home?	Elvis Presley's Graceland : 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard Graceland Home › Elvis Presley.News › Elvis Biography › Elvis Interviews › Sitemap › Elvis Presley's Graceland : 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard The unique association between Elvis Presley and Graceland, his home in Memphis, Tennessee, for more than 20 years (1957-1977), is so powerful that Elvis and Graceland are essentially interchangeable. When Elvis Presley was a young boy, he promised his parents he would make a lot of money and buy them the finest house in town, putting an end to years of struggle. For Elvis Presley, Graceland - a charming and stately colonial revival-style mansion for himself and his parents - was the fulfillment of that childhood promise. Elvis' outstanding career spanned more than 20 years, crossed three pivotal decades, and encompassed three separate phases, but they were all variations on a lifelong theme of music. Early on, Elvis became known around the world by his first name alone, a universal recognition that still prevails in the twenty-first century. The Presleys bought their first house in 1956, a modest three-bedroom ranch-style house on Audubon Drive in east Memphis, but it did not meet their needs for very long. 3764 Highway 51 South : Graceland On March 17, 1957, they purchased Graceland for US$102,500 and it was where Elvis lived for the next 20 years. After his death on August 16, 1977, Graceland was valued at US$350,000. Because of an annual upkeep bill estimated at US$500,000, the mansion was opened to tourists by Priscilla Presley on June 7, 1982. View a tour of Graceland (22:35) Experience 'visiting Graceland'. Elvis Presley's Graceland - 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard. We're Gonna' Move Elvis buys $100,000 home. Gladys was approached by realtor Virginia Grant who was aware the Presley's were looking to move. And it was a fairly straight forward search for someone that within a space of one year did not need to be concerned about money (To the surprise of realtor Virginia Gran who initially underestimated their buying power) when buying what would have to have been Memphis' and perhaps (one of?) Tennessee's most highly priced properties. the Presley's managed to impress the owners in more ways than one to gain the status of favourite buyer. 1956 For Elvis Presley , 1956 was a year like no other. In January, he was a regional sensation, but by year's end he had become a national and international phenomenon. He made his first two albums for RCA (both million sellers), appeared on national television 11 times, signed a seven-year contract with Paramount Pictures, and stared in his first movie, ' Love Me Tender '. Elvis' appearances on national television were pivotal events for America because his unconventional appearance and performing style caused nationwide controversy. Presley outraged adults, mesmerized the teenagers of the new youth generation, and soon became the leader of the cultural revolution sweeping across the country. Elvis Buys Graceland : March 17, 1957 Peacock stained glass inside the living room of Graceland : 1970s. The house and farm that became Elvis Presley's Graceland predated his purchase and residence by almost two decades. The Graceland property was originally established as a 500 acre farm during the American Civil War (1861-1865) by publisher Stephen C. Toof (Owner of the Memphis Daily Appeal). Mr Toof named the property after his daughter, Grace Toof. Ruth Moore, the granddaughter of Stephen C. Toof, inherited Toof's farm from his daughter, her aunt Grace. In 1939, Mrs. Ruth Brown Moore and her husband, Dr. Thomas D. Moore , built a two-story Classical Revival residence and outbuildings on the land that had been in her family for almost 100 years. The Moore's had a daughter, Ruth Marie , a musical prodigy who played the piano and the harp at age four. A prominent Memphis architectural firm, Furbringer and Erhman, designed the house to showcase Ruth Marie's talent, designing the large rooms across the front of the house so they 'could be opened up to seat five hundred people for a	Elvis Presley In Concert Lost That Dream, Chaos Indeed College Park, Maryland September 27, 1974 By Forest George One day you are the King of the Jungle, loved by millions. The next day you are almost at Rock Bottom, panned by critics, businessmen and a few fans, but still loved by millions. In 1974, Elvis Presley went out on tour and knocked them dead over and over again with incredible concerts. Several imports and FTD albums have covered 1974 from the March tour, the June tour, the Tahoe engagements, the two Vegas engagements, and his final tour of the year from September 27-October 9, 1974. During the final Vegas stint, a turning point began that would affect Elvis for the rest of his life. He had seemingly prepared himself for a 1974 revival in Vegas much like his 1970 "That's The Way It Is" revival four years earlier. He had prepared a different set list to open his August 19, 1974 Vegas season. A mixture of his old 1972 set-list, and some songs from current albums that he had never sang before. These included opening with "Big Boss Man," and singing "Down In The Alley," and "Good Time Charlie Got The Blues." Most Elvis fans assumed the Vegas crowd had not appreciated the changes. Elvis would return to his usual set-list he had used all year, opening with "See See Rider" and following with "I Got A Woman" as usual for the rest of the engagement. In hindsight, even if the changes had been accepted, Elvis still had his drug use issues, and had almost OD' a couple of times in 1974, according to Linda Thompson on the documentary The Last Day's Of Elvis. The two broke up, albeit shortly, during the summer, and Elvis' behavior was already becoming erratic. He had been experimenting with different drugs during the summer. The Vegas stint was successful as usual, but as the Vegas season winded down, Elvis was wound up with a lot of aggression. He ended up cussing out a heckler during an August 30 midnight show. On September 2, 1974, Elvis would perform his final Vegas show for the season, and the songs were performed adequately, but the key point of the show were the strange dialogues on different subjects. These subjects included Karate; Bill Cosby; flirting with his ex-wife and trashing her current boyfriend, Mike Stone; flirting with his "girlfriend of the month," Sheila Ryan; his liver biopsy; his diamond rings; and the most infamous drugs dialogue ever. One of the only few times Elvis openly denied that he never had done drugs and went into a tirade against "movie magazines." The concert known by the fans, as "Desert Storm," would have been enough of a story itself. With the season over, however, many would have felt the worst was over. Elvis, however, had another tour to perform in less than three weeks and apparently the stress and the drug use had finally reached him to his breaking point. September 27, 1974 was the opening night of his fall tour and it began in College Park, Maryland. He would perform two shows on two different nights, and for years it would rumored that both of these shows had been the worse performances Elvis ever gave on stage up to that point. Stein Eric Skar, of Elvis: The Concert Years noted a story of Elvis arriving to College park, that he simply fell out of the car. "Lying on the ground he refused help from any, and from here he struggled to the stage." This concert can be heard in its entirety now with the import Chaos in College Park. As the opening rift blasted thru the arena, it was like every other Elvis concert. Everybody went crazy, and was excited to see the man himself, but according to Geoff The Chef in the "Chaos In College Park" album jacket, Elvis "was visibly struggling as he entered the stage . . . Right from the get-go, the musicians on stage noticed that something was wrong. Elvis' vocals were weak and lackluster, and his delivery lacked focus and power." There was no joy, no excitement, and it appeared that he was struggling and sometimes out of tune. It had to been the first time Elvis truly did a bad version of "See See Rider" that had no redeeming value. Ignoring the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,382	Although rarely used, what is the internet top-level domain for America?	.DO Domain .DO Domain most popular ccTLD in North America The main Language used Domain Registration term in years 2-10 Most popular Languages on the Web 4.7% Most popular Domains on the Web 246 million domain names registered globally .NET 6.0% About .do What is .do? The .do domain name is a ccTLD (country code top-level domain) and the Internet code for Dominican Republic. Dominican Republic with its estimated population of 9,445,281, ranks as the 8th most populous country in North America. These days .do is the 5th most likeable ccTLD (country code top-level domain) used in North America. Today .do has more than 25,600 registered addresses. This means that people like and trust this domain name. You can register your own .do domain and create a professional web page, a personal website, a blog or an online portal to demonstrate the connection to this region. The .do domain has been around since 1991. Who can register .do domain? Any individual or company are allowed to register a .do domain. Why is it good to choose a domain name with a .do extension? A .do domain name could be one of the best choice for local and international companies wanting to represent their business in Dominican Republic. In Dominican Republic the first language is Spanish. Spanish is the 4th most used website language in the world. A website with a .do extension helps you reach your audience easier and also give a professional look to your company. When you targeting this local market with a local domain name, you demonstrate proof of your commitment to the local customers. In this way you can maximize your website’s revenues. Along with this, it is much easier to register a short or a common word in a ccTLD (country code top-level domain) than with other more popular domain names like .com or .net. Additionally, country code top-level domain gives you the opportunity to find domain hacks much easier. Try our domain hack tool! What kind of characters can be used in a domain name and how long can it be? When choosing a web name always remember the following restrictions: The .do web name can contain the English characters ( ie. a-z, A-Z), the digits (0-9) and hyphen "-". A domain has to start with a digit and end with a digit. The domain name cannot start or end with hyphens. Although the character "-" is allowed inside the name, but cannot have two dashes in a row. You can't use symbols (such as ' + . , \| ! " £ $ % & / ( ) = ? ^ * ç ° § ; : _ > ] [ @ ), or spaces or stressed vowels (such as à, é, ò, í). Maximum length of a web name can’t be more than 63 characters long and can’t be less than 3 characters (including extensions like .do). Your registration will not be accepted if your domain name doesn’t follow the above limitations. Domain name registration term allowance: The .do domain can be registered 2 to 10 years at one time.	VC - Internet Country Abbreviations Internet Country Abbreviations Color: [ Red = unvisited ] [ Blue = visited ] Ever wonder what country a given email or posting is from? Can't remember if CA is Canada or California? Answer: Canada is correct. California does not have its own code. It is not a country, but don't tell the natives there. They sometimes think it is. I know. I live with them. Ever wonder if ES is Estonia? Answer: ES is Spain where people speak Spanish (Think "Espana," the name used by many to mean Spain). EE is Estonia where people speak Estonian. Well, here is a list culled from different Internet sources, sorted 2 ways: by the two-letter country code and by the country name. Note: You may also visit Domain name registries around the world for a more complete and up to date list that includes more than just country codes, for example, gov for US Government, edu for Educational, mil for US Dept of Defense, org for Organizations, name for Personal, etc. Go to: [ Home Page \| Top \| Sorted by code \| Sorted by country \| Bottom ] Abbreviations sorted by country code AC Ascension Island AD Andorra AE United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda AI Anguilla AL Albania AM Armenia AN Netherlands Antilles AO Angola AQ Antarctica AR Argentina AS American Samoa AT Austria AU Australia AW Aruba AZ Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados BD Bangladesh BE Belgium BF Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria BH Bahrain BI Burundi BJ Benin BM Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia BR Brazil BS Bahamas BT Bhutan BV Bouvet Island BW Botswana BY Belarus BZ Belize CA Canada CC Cocos (Keeling Islands) CF Central African Republic CG Congo CH Switzerland CI Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) CK Cook Islands CL Chile CM Cameroon CN China CO Colombia CR Costa Rica CU Cuba CV Cape Verde CX Christmas Island CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DJ Djibouti DK Denmark DM Dominica DO Dominican Republic DZ Algeria EC Ecuador EE Estonia EG Egypt EH Western Sahara ER Eritrea ES Spain ET Ethiopia EU Europe FI Finland FJ Fiji FK Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FM Micronesia FO Faroe Islands FR France FX France, Metropolitan GA Gabon GB United Kingdom GD Grenada GE Georgia GF French Guiana GH Ghana GI Gibraltar GL Greenland GM Gambia GN Guinea GP Guadeloupe GQ Equatorial Guinea GR Greece GS S. Georgia and S. Sandwich Isls. GT Guatemala GU Guam GW Guinea-Bissau GY Guyana HK Hong Kong HM Heard and McDonald Islands HN Honduras HR Croatia (Hrvatska) HT Haiti HU Hungary ID Indonesia IE Ireland IL Israel IN India IO British Indian Ocean Territory IQ Iraq IR Iran IS Iceland IT Italy JM Jamaica JO Jordan JP Japan KE Kenya KG Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic) KH Cambodia KI Kiribati KM Comoros KN Saint Kitts and Nevis KP Korea (North) (People's Republic) KR Korea (South) (Republic) KW Kuwait KY Cayman Islands KZ Kazakhstan LA Laos LB Lebanon LC Saint Lucia LI Liechtenstein LK Sri Lanka LR Liberia LS Lesotho LT Lithuania LU Luxembourg LV Latvia LY Libya MA Morocco MC Monaco MD Moldova MG Madagascar MH Marshall Islands MK Macedonia ML Mali MM Myanmar MN Mongolia MO Macau MP Northern Mariana Islands MQ Martinique MR Mauritania MS Montserrat MT Malta MU Mauritius MV Maldives MW Malawi MX Mexico MY Malaysia MZ Mozambique NA Namibia NC New Caledonia NE Niger NF Norfolk Island NG Nigeria NI	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,383	Carrageenan is a substance extracted from red and purple what?	Is Carrageenan Safe? - Healthy Eaton \| Healthy Eaton Is Carrageenan Safe? July 19, 2014 2 Flares 2 Flares × How many of you have heard of the ingredient: Carrageenan? You might have noticed it on the labels of foods like non-dairy milks, ice cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, deli meat, etc. This hard-to-pronounce little additive is actually a bit controversial in the health world. What is Carrageenan? According to the Oxford dictionary: A substance extracted from red and purple seaweeds, consisting of a mixture of polysaccharides. It is used as a thickening or emulsifying agent in food products. There are plenty of perfectly good edible seaweeds, like kelp and Nori. This must be the same, right? Well…not so much. Carrageenan is not digestible and has no nutritional value. The USDA and food manufacturers justify the use of this additive because it is naturally derived, despite the controversial studies that have been done. It is often used to thicken and emulsify products to improve their texture, and it is even often found in organic and “natural” products – including the Tom’s Toothpaste I used to use! There are actually two different kinds of carrageenan: degraded and undegraded. Undegraded is approved for human consumption while degraded (also known as poligeenan) is not. In 2001, studies with animals showed a link to cancer from giving high doses of poligeenan. They also linked it to intestinal damage. A rat study showed no ulcerations or lesions after 90 days of exposure and after 83 days, and being given carrageenan at 5%, pigs showed abnormalities in the intestines but no ulcerations or tumors. Limited human studies showed an increase in inflammation (which is the root cause of many serious diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s and cancer) wreak havoc on gut health, potentially causing autoimmune reactions similar to colitis, as well as other health complications like intestinal irritation and colon ulcers. A study published in Nature, from researchers at Georgia State University, found that it altered the balance and composition of gut bacteria and also produced an inflammatory effect in the bowels. Bottom Line: Carrageenan reacts differently within different species making it difficult to understand the effects in humans. There have not been enough studies done to make a ruling one way or another. I’m yet to see any research touting its health benefits. Personally, I am not willing to take that risk when there are other options. If you agree, be sure to know where to look for it. When you start reading labels, you’ll be amazed at the number of products that have it. Here are some brands that are carrageen-free! Ice Cream: Alden’s, Castle Rock Organic Farms, Crystal Ball Farms, Green and Black’s Organic, Publix, Stonyfield, Strafford Organic Creamery, Strauss Family Creamery, Three Twins Non-Dairy Milk: 365 Whole Foods, (some) Trader Joe’s, Organic Valley, Soy Dream, Earth Balance, Tofu Shop, or Make Your Own! Yogurt: Hawthorne Valley Farm, Horizon, Kalona Supernatural, Organic Valley, Wallaby Organic, (some) Trader Joe’s, Stonyfield Cottage Cheese: Kalona Supernatural, Nancy’s, Organic Valley Sour Cream: 365 Whole Foods, Horizon, Organic Valley, Wallaby Organic, Nancy’s	A guide to buying seafood and fish \| Living a Life in Colour Living a Life in Colour a guide to Italian food, wine and culture Seafood and Fish Atlantic white-spotted octopus – See Octopus Boston lobster – See Lobster Chiocciola di mare – See Sea snail Clams, Razor clams (Vongola / Arsella, Lupino, Tellina / Tartufo di mare, Caparozzoli, Cappa liscia/Fasolaro / Cannolicchio, Cappalunga) (Venerupis decussata / Tapes decussatus, Venerupis semidecussatus / Tapes philippinarum, Chamelea gallina, Venerupis semidecussatus / Tapes philippinarum, Venus verrucosa, Donax trunculus, Callista chione and Solen vagina / Solen marginatus / Ensis Minor / Ensis Ensis / Pharus legume) Vongole verace by Meimanrensheng Wedge shelled clams by Gia Parsons Razor clams by Rubber Slippers in Italy Buy: Buy only very fresh clams of medium size (not too big or small). Clams can also be purchased frozen and tinned but fresh and alive are the best. Vongole verace and razor clams are only sold fresh. All the shells should be firmly shut with no cracks in the shells. If some of the clams are open, shake them around and they should shut immediately. They should not have a fishy or sharp odour. Varieties: Carpet shell clams (Vongola verace, Falsa verace/Vongola gialla, and Lupino/Venus gallina are the most important varieties) (Venerupis decussata / Tapes decussatus, Venerupis semidecussatus / Tapes philippinarum, Chamelea gallina): These have a rounded shell. Lupino/Venus gallina (Chamelea gallina) clams are rounded with deep concentric grooves on the shell and a greyish brown zig-zag patterned colouring. They are 3 to 4cm in diameter and are harvested throughout the year except June. They are prevalent in the Adriatic Sea. They are quite flavourful. Lupini cannot be farmed and should be purchased packaged and labelled as a guarantee to the consumer. Falsa verace/Vongola gialla (Venerupis semidecussatus / Tapes philippinarum) have shells which are thinner and more elongated than venus gallina. It is more vividly coloured with brown colour has spots of lighter or darker colour. They are 4cm or less in diameter. It is distinguishable from the vongola verace by its siphons which form a “II”. Many of these clams originate in the Philippines. They are inferior in flavour to the vongola verace. Vongola verace (Venerupis decussata / Tapes decussatus) are the most prized of the clams but are more rare nowadays. They have irregular concentric grooves on the shell and are a varied smokey brown colour. They grow to a maximum of 4 to 5cm in diameter. They are different from the vongola gialla as the inside is more yellow, the shell is so thin you can break it with your thumbnail, it is less vividly coloured on the outside and the siphons form a “V” shape. Vongole verace are farmed in the Po delta and in the Venetian lagoon. Venus (bumpy shelled: Tartufo di mare / Caparozzolo) (Venus verrucosa): These are one of the largest clams and can reach 5 to 6 cm in diameter. They are distinguishable by the concentric circles on their shell. They should be purchased packaged and labelled as a guarantee to the consumer. These clams can be eaten raw with a squeeze of lemon juice and a sprinkle of black pepper or cooked with pasta like vongole verace (linguine con vongole). Wedge shelled clams (Tellina / Arsella) (Donax trunculus): Wedge shelled clams live on sandy beaches. Wedge shelled clams should be purchased packaged and labelled as a guarantee to the consumer. They have a refined and elegant flavour so should not be paired with strong flavours. Smooth clam (Cappa liscia/Fasolaro) (Callista chione): The smooth clam can reach a diameter of 8 cm. It has a thick dark brown shell. They should be purchased in packaged net bags and labelled as a guarantee to the consumer. Razor clams (Cannolicchio / Cappalunga) (Solen vagina): Razor clams have an elongated, thin, rectangular brown or cream shell and can be up to 15cm long and 2 cm wide. They live in the Adriatic and Tyrrhennian Seas. They are sold in bunches fresh or frozen. Store: Keep the clams alive until it is time to cook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,384	What is the common English name of Mozart’s Serenade for Strings in d major?	Music History 102 Born: Salzburg, January 27, 1756 Died: Vienna, December 5, 1791 At the age of four he could learn a piece of music in half an hour. At five he was playing the clavier incredibly well. At six he began composing, writing his first symphonies at the age of eight. He was constantly traveling all over Europe with his father, Leopold Mozart (1719-1787), a violinist, minor composer and Vice-Kapellmeister at the court of the Archbishop of Salzburg. The musical feats and tricks of young Wolfgang were exhibited to the courts (beginning in Munich in 1762), to musical academicians, and to the public. Between the ages of seven and fifteen, the young Mozart spent half of his time on tour. During these tours, Mozart heard, absorbed, and learned various European musical idioms, eventually crystallizing his own mature style. Fully expecting to find an ideal post outside his sleepy home town of Salzburg and the detested archiepiscopal court, in 1777 Wolfgang went on a tour with his mother to Munich, Mannheim, and Paris. It was in Paris that his mother died suddenly in July, 1778. With no prospects of a job, Mozart dejectedly returned to Salzburg in 1779 and became court organist to the Archbishop. Mozart finally achieved an unceremonious dismissal from the archiepiscopal court in 1781, and thereafter became one of the first musicians in history to embark upon a free-lance career, without benefit of church, court, or a rich patron. Mozart moved to Vienna where he lived for a time with the Webers, a family he had met in 1777. He eventually married Constanze Weber in August of1782, against the wishes and strict orders of his father. Then for a time, things began to look bright for the young composer. Beginning in 1782 with the Singspiel Die Entführung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio), Mozart began turning out one masterpiece after another in every form and genre. Mozart is probably the only composer in history to have written undisputed masterworks in virtually every musical genre of his age. His serenades, divertimenti and dances, written on request for the entertainment and outdoor parties of the nobility, have become synonomous with the Classical "age of elegance," and are perhaps best exemplified by the well-known Serenade in G major, which the composer called Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A little night music). In Vienna, Mozart became a regular at the court of Emperor Joseph II (1741-1790), where he wrote much of his greatest music. A sampling of Mozart's mature works comprise a virtual honor roll of musical masterpieces: the last ten string quartets, the string quintets, and the Quintet for clarinet and strings; the Mass in C minor and the unfinished Requiem; the Serenade for thirteen wind instruments, the Clarinet concerto, the late piano concertos, and the last six symphonies. Mozart's more than twenty piano concertos remain models of the classic concerto form, developed by him over time into works of symphonic breadth and scope. The concertos often begin with an elaborate sonata form first movement, followed by a tender and melodious second movement, and usually conclude with a brisk, engaging rondo, as in the Piano Concerto no. 22 in E-flat. In his last three symphonies, the second of which is the great Symphony no. 40 in G minor, Mozart infused this form with a passion and expressiveness unheard of in symphonic writing until the advent of Beethoven . Of Mozart's operas, Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro), composed for the Viennese court in 1786, is the earliest opera still found in the repertoire of virtually all of today's opera houses. Through his dramatic and musical genius, Mozart transformed such operatic comedies and characters into living, breathing dramas peopled with real human beings. He found a kindred spirit in this regard at the Viennese court in the person of Lorenzo da Ponte (1749-1838), who supplied Mozart with the librettos of his three Italian operatic masterpieces. Figaro was followed in 1787 by Don Giovanni (Don Juan), written for Prague, where Figaro had been an overwhelmi	Alexander Borodin: Music from "Kismet" - YouTube Alexander Borodin: Music from "Kismet" Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 14, 2013 Alexander Borodin (1833-1887), Россия Robert Wright and George Forrest created the classic musical "Kismet" in 1953, based on a 1911 play by Edward Knoblock. Set in Baghdad in A.D. 1071, the story tells how the clever poet Hajj follows his "Kismet" - his "Fate" - by defeating the evil Wazir (police chief), by helping his daughter to marry his beneficent Caliph, and by going off at the final curtain with one of the Baghdad's greatest beauties. This medley comprises excerpts from Borodin's original works upon which several of the "Kismet" finest songs were based: Symphony No. 2, Movement 1 (Fate); In the Steppes of Central Asia (Sands of Time); String Quartet No. 2, Movement 3 (And This Is My Beloved); Symphony No. 1, Movement 1 (Gesticulate); String Quartet No. 2, Movement 2 (Baubles, Bangles, and Beads); Overture to Prince Igor (The Olive Tree); Serenade (subtitled Dreaming of a Love Song) from the Petite Suite (Night of My Nights); and the Polovtsian Dances from Prince Igor (He's in Love, Stranger in Paradise, 'Samaris' Dance and Bazaar of the Caravans). ( - Richard E. Rodda)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,385	Richard, Duke of York, the father of the English kings Edward IV and Richard II, was killed at the Battle of Wakefield in which ongoing campaign?	BBC - History - King Richard III (pictures, video, facts & news) King Richard III King Richard III Richard was the last Yorkist king of England, whose death at the Battle of Bosworth effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. He has become infamous because of the disappearance of his young nephews - the Princes in the Tower - and through William Shakespeare's play 'Richard III'. In 2012, archaeologists and researchers began excavating beneath a carpark in Leicester, hoping to find Richard's final resting place. The search captured the public's imagination and the remains subsequently found were confirmed as those of Richard. Photo: Portrait of Richard III by an unknown artist. (National Portrait Gallery) Introduction The Battle of Bosworth Field Melvyn Bragg and his guests discuss the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, the celebrated climactic encounter of the Wars of the Roses. More information about: King Richard III Richard was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire. His father was Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and his mother Cecily Neville. Richard had a claim to the English throne through both parents. We now know that Richard had a curvature of the spine, but the withered arm and limp of legend are almost certainly either fabrications or greatly exaggerated. Wars of the Roses His father's conflict with Henry VI was a major cause of the Wars of the Roses, which dominated Richard's early life. His father and older brother died at the Battle of Wakefield in 1460. In 1461, Richard's brother, Edward, became Edward IV and created him Duke of Gloucester. In 1470, Edward and Richard were exiled when Henry VI was briefly restored to the throne. The following year, they returned to England and Richard contributed to the Yorkist victories at Barnet and Tewkesbury which restored Edward to the throne. The Princes in the Tower and seizure of the throne When Edward died in April 1483, Richard was named as protector of the realm for Edward's son and successor, the 12-year-old Edward V. As the new king travelled to London from Ludlow, Richard met him and escorted him to the capital, where he was lodged in the Tower of London. Edward V's brother later joined him there. A publicity campaign was mounted condemning Edward IV's marriage to the boys' mother, Elizabeth Woodville, as invalid and their children illegitimate. On 25 June, an assembly of lords and commoners endorsed these claims. The following day, Richard III officially began his reign. He was crowned in July. The two young princes disappeared in August and were widely rumoured to have been murdered by Richard. The beginning of the end A rebellion raised in October by the Duke of Buckingham, Richard's former ally, quickly collapsed. However, Buckingham's defection, along with his supporters, eroded Richard's power and support among the aristocracy and gentry. Death of a warrior king In August 1485, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who was a Lancastrian claimant to the throne living in France, landed in South Wales. He marched east and engaged Richard in battle on Bosworth Field in Leicestershire on 22 August. Although Richard possessed superior numbers, several of his key lieutenants defected. Refusing to flee, Richard was killed in battle and Henry Tudor took the throne as Henry VII.	Who was Richard III - Last Plantagenet King to die in battle -Timeline - University of Leicester Who was Richard III? A Plantagenet primer on the last English king to die in battle. Although he only ruled for two years – from 1483 to 1485 – Richard III stands out among his peers as one of the most famous (or infamous) Kings of England. But who was he? And why does he continue to inspire such interest? Richard was born in Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire on 2 October 1452 – about 30 miles (50km) from Leicester and only about 40 miles (65km - two days’ ride) from Bosworth where he met his end a third of a century later. Richard and his older brother Edward were the great-great-grandchildren of Edward III, a line of descent which was used to justify the claim to the throne by the House of York during the Wars of the Roses (the House of Lancaster was also descended from Edward III, via a different route). The Princes in the Tower The Princes in the Tower The Two Princes Edward and Richard in the Tower, 1483 by Sir John Everett Millais, 1878. Edward ruled as King Edward IV from 1461 until 1470 and again from 1471 until his death in 1483, when his 12-year-old son succeeded as Edward V, with Richard named Lord Protector. Young Edward and his brother moved into the Tower of London (which was then a royal palace, not a prison) but in June their parents’ marriage was declared invalid, making the princes illegitimate and hence their uncle became the heir apparent. Richard lost no time in being crowned King Richard III and the two boys were not seen again. Thus began the legend of ‘the Princes in the Tower’ and a long-standing popular belief that Richard had his nephews murdered in order to remove any competing claim to the throne. This has been widely debated for many years, with passionate arguments made both for and against Richard. Death and disappearance After defeating an unsuccessful rebellion in October 1483, Richard led his army to Bosworth in Leicestershire two years later to face Henry Tudor (whose somewhat tenuous claim to the throne was also through descent from Edward III). On 22 August 1485, Richard was killed at Bosworth Field, the last English King to die in battle, thereby bringing to an end both the Plantagenet dynasty and the Wars of the Roses. Henry Tudor was crowned King Henry VII. Richard’s body was brought back to Leicester, publicly displayed and then given for burial to a group of Franciscan friars. An alabaster tomb monument was constructed over the grave in 1495, paid for by the new King. With the dissolution of the monasteries (by Henry Tudor’s son, Henry VIII) that friary disappeared and along with it any clear record of Richard’s grave. Stories and rumours about where Richard’s mortal remains lie – or what happened to them – have circulated over the ensuing centuries, but most of these have subsequently been shown to be tall tales. Re-evaluating Richard Portrait of Richard III of England, painted c. 1520 (approximate date from tree-rings on panel), after a lost original, for the Paston family, now owned by the Society of Antiquaries, London. History, they say, is written by the victors. Tudor writers and artists had no qualms about depicting Richard III as an evil tyrant and child-murderer, as well as a crippled hunchback. Shakespeare’s eponymous play, written 106 years after Richard’s death, cemented the King’s bad reputation (and appearance) among the general public for centuries, although scholars including Francis Bacon and Horace Walpole sought to re-evaluate his reign. In 1924 the Richard III Society was founded, aiming to challenge accepted beliefs and assumptions about ‘the last Plantagenet’, not least the accusation of murder and the popular depiction of Richard as having a crooked spine. Among the inarguably good works of this popular King, they pointed out, were a number of significant changes to English law, including the presumption of ‘innocent until proven guilty’ and a reformation of the jury system. With a controversial claim to the throne, accusations of blood on his hands, a vio	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,386	In 1969 troops from the Parachute Regiment invaded which West Indian island after it declared its independence from St. Kitts - Nevis?	TRIP DOWN MEMORY LANE: ANGUILLA ISLAND: CARIBBEAN PEOPLE OF THE ISLAND OF EEL AND BEAUTIFUL WHITE POWDERY SANDS ( http://w--photography.blogspot.com/2011/01/i-anguilla.html ) The territory of Anguilla which is ranked number one by Travel Channel as world’s best all around beaches, consists of the main island of Anguilla itself, approximately 16 miles (26 km) long by 3 miles (5 km) wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The island's capital is The Valley. The total land area of the territory is 35 square miles (90 km2). Anguilla, which is inhabited mainly by black Africans of mostly West African ancestry was originally the land of the aboriginal Amerindian Arawak (Caribs) people until Europeans sailor Christopher Columbus sited it alongside twin-islands of Kitts and Nevis. It is argued that, Anguilla may have first been discovered by the French in 1564 or 1565, but it was first colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts, beginning in 1650. As at May 2014, the population of Anguilla was estimated at standing at 14,500 people. Out of this number 90.08% are blacks, the descendants of slaves transported from Africa. Growing minorities include whites at 3.74% and people of mixed race (Mulattoes, Amerindians and other ethnic minorities) at 4.65%. The number of white inhabitants are growing as a result of influx of large numbers of Chinese, Indian, and Mexican workers, brought in as labour in 2007 and 2008 for major tourist developments due to the local population not being large enough to support the labour requirements. According to tradition, Christopher Columbus gave the small, narrow island its name (Anguilla) in 1493 because from the distance it resembled an eel, or in Italian, anguilla. It is also possible that French navigator Pierre Laudonnière gave the island its name from the French anguille. Anguilla women Anguilla has 33 pristine beaches and over twelve miles of stunning, white powder sand and tranquil waters ranging from aquamarine to cobalt blue. Beaches of all kinds, from the long, gentle shoreline of Rendezvous Bay perfect for strolling, to the colorful beach bars that rest on the blinding white sands of Shoal Bay. Anguilla has become a popular tax haven, having no capital gains, estate, profit or other forms of direct taxation on either individuals or corporations. In April 2011, faced with a mounting deficit, it introduced a 3% "Interim Stabilisation Levy", Anguilla's first form of income tax. Anguillian hospitality The flag of Anguilla was changed several times in the twentieth century. The present flag consists of a dark blue field with the Union Jack, the flag of Great Britain, in the upper left corner, and Anguilla's crest to the center-right side. The crest consists of a background that is white on top and light blue below and has three gold dolphins jumping in a circle. For official government purposes outside Anguilla, the British flag is used to represent the island. Anguilla woman (Taitu Kai Goodwin) Geography Anguilla is bare and flat and is fringed by white sand beaches. It is 16 miles (26 km) long and a maximum of 3.5 miles (6 km) wide; its long thin shape gave the island its name (French: anguille, “eel”). The territory includes several small uninhabited offshore islands, the largest of which are Dog, Scrub, and Sombrero islands (Hat Island) and the Prickly Pear Cays. The rest include Anguillita, Seal island, Sandy island, Scilly Cay etc. Anguilla was formed from coral and limestone. The land is fairly flat but undulating. The highest point, Crocus Hill, has an elevation of 210 feet (64 metres). The northern coast is characterized by short slopes and steep cliffs; the southern coast has a longer and more gradual slope that drops gently to the sea. The soil layer is thin, but there are small pockets of red loam, mainly in the shallow valleys that are called bottoms. As with most coral isla	Indian – Page 2 Screenwriter, director Gurinder Chadha was born on 10 January 1960 in Nairobi, Kenya, then a British colony. Her family was part of the Indian diaspora in East Africa before they moved to Southall, West London in 1961. After graduating from the University of East Anglia in 1984, Chadha attended the London College of Printing and studied radio broadcasting before starting a career with BBC radio followed by a move into television as a BBC news reporter. Chadha then began directing documentaries for the British Film Institute, BBC and Channel 4. In 1989 Chadha produced the thirty-minute documentary I’m English but … for Channel 4, which explores the phenomenon of bhangra music and issues of identity and belonging among young British-born Asians who listened to acid bhangra, a mix of Punjabi bhangra and rap. Chadha stated that after being exposed to the bhangra dance scene, her life changed; for the first time she felt a connection to her own ethnic culture – something that drove her to explore notions of ethnicity and identity in British-Asian culture through films along with a quest to make people think outside of the box – whether it is race, class, gender or sexuality. In 1990, Chadha set up a production company, Umbi Films. Her first film, Nice Arrangement (1991), is an eleven-minute short about a British-Asian family on the morning of their daughter’s wedding. This was followed by another documentary, Acting Our Age (1991), in which elderly Asians living in Southall recount their experiences of living in Britain. In 1992 Chadha directed the documentary Pain, Passion & Profit and in 1994 the short film What Do You Call an Indian Woman Who’s Funny? followed by a two-part drama for BBC, Rich Deceiver, in 1995. Chadha’s films, many of which she either co-wrote or adapted, include Bhaji on the Beach (1993), What’s Cooking? (2000), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Bride and Prejudice (2004), Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging (2008) and It’s a Wonderful Afterlife (2010). Many of her films explore the lives of Indians living in England and in particular the trials of Indian women who must reconcile traditional and modern cultures. They draw on her personal experience of being Indian and English at the same time and how she dealt with the duality of her identity. In her youth, Chadha refused to wear traditional Indian clothing or cook for her family as was expected. She viewed the custom of Indian women cooking in the kitchen while the men sat and ate as oppressive and would sit at the table with the men. Under the guise of quirky comedy dramas, Chadha’s films address social and emotional issues faced by immigrants caught between two worlds. Chadha’s first feature, a comedy-drama Bhaji on the Beach, was the first full-length film made by a British Asian woman and won numerous international awards including a BAFTA Nomination for Best British Film in 1994 and the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Newcomer to British Cinema. The film, written by Meera Syal, was low budget but received critical success for its take on racial stereotypes, immigration and gender roles. The film follows Asian women from three generations on a day trip to Blackpool and portrays the clash of tradition and modernity, Indianness and Englishness, cultural specificity and universality. She chronicles the ways in which the women merge their cultural background with modern UK living such as one character who wears a leather jacket over her Indian garb, and another who, expected to be a doctor by her parents, becomes pregnant by a black classmate, which is a taboo in the community. Prejudice is evident from both outside and inside the British-Indian community, with white men treating the immigrants badly while the older generation of Indian women judge the modern look and progressive views of the younger women who try to break free from issues of domestic abuse and male superiority. Chadha next film, What’s Cooking?, which she co-wrote with her husband Paul Mayeda Berges, was the opening film of the 2000 Sundance Film Festival and w	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,387	What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936?	Lawrence of Arabia’s Brough Superior SS100 Motorcycle \| March 20, 2012 at 12:43 pm The movie Lawrence of Arabia opens with a scene of Sir T.E.Lawrence riding a Brough motorcycle and crashing. The Number plate shown on the motorcycle is UL 656. I guess that the movie makers used a stuntman double for actor Sir Peter O’Toole. , and the movie makers did not use the Number GW 2275. please correct me if i am wrong. The movie inspired me to own a motorcycle.When I was 24 years old ,my dad bought me a 250CC JAWA motorcycle. I subsequently became a stuntman with South India Stuntmens Association, did many daring stunts on motorcycles., before i retired as a stuntman. Now I am 62 years and still ride my JAWA-YEZDI 250cc. March 20, 2012 at 1:58 pm It sounds like you have had quite a life so far. I’m surprised that you were inspired by a movie with a motorcycle accident that ends in death. You must be fearless! It has been years since I last saw the movie and I have no idea what the license plate number was on the motorcycle used in the movie. As a result I am in not in a position to comment on whether you are correct or not, but given your interest in this matter, I suspect that you are right. I would be surprised to find out that they used his actual motorcycle in the movie. Not only would they use a stunt double, they probably used a stand-in motorcycle as well. They would not want to damage the actual motorcycle. Keep riding, April 13, 2012 at 6:15 am Mr.Tim Haupt, The movie Lawrence of Arabia inspired me, and i became a motorcycle freak when I was 24 yrs old. Im 62 yrs now and still ride a JAWA-YEZDI 1995 – 250 CC Bike. during my youthful days I became a stuntman and did a few daring stunts like jumping over a moving train.I have a vcd on this stunt. As for the bike in the movie Lawrence of Arabia I have a DVD and the number plate shown in the movie is UL656. I was facinated by this number and used it on some of my stunt motorcycles. Man, what lovely reminences :). God bless you and keep up the good work. you can write to me at :jayakumarramasami@yahoo.com gordon wilson The exhaust pipes on the bike used in the movie are different to those in your pictures, more modern mufflers I’d say. Roger Hopkins July 6, 2012 at 4:02 pm Hello Steve I came across your very interesting website and its comments about T E Lawrence’s Brough Superior SS100 – Registration No: GR 2275. As a documentary film maker, I’ve been associated with the motorcycle on several occasions and know the present owner well. Believe me, the very act of sitting on the machine is electrifying! If ever there was a spiritual scent attached to a man made object, this is it. Lawrence’s beloved Brough is probably the most famous road going vehicle in the world, and certainly the most valuable. It currently resides in London’s Imperial War Museum London, and is the very stuff of iconic history. One of your contributors discusses the present black colour of the tank. When Lawrence crashed the bike in 1935, the tank was badly damaged, and a rare photograph taken just after the accident shows this very clearly. The bike was quickly returned to George Brough’s workshop where a new aluminum tank was fitted, but this time it was painted completely black. This is the tank we see on the machine today. The former silver looking tank was in fact black on top with a thin gold key line separating the opposite shades. Ironically, the damaged tank was almost certainly repaired and sold as a spare by Brough’s workshop. One has to remember that in those days preserving the Brough’s original tank would have been unimportant – back then no one could have imagined how famous the bike would become. Miraculously, the Brough survived any further serious damage, and interestingly the small scrapes and dents caused by the accident are preserved to this day. Even the stretch mark where George Brough straightened the bent handlebar is perfectly in evidence. The motorcycle used in David Lean’s classic movie was a poor substitute for the real thing, and had the film been made today, I’m sure	Rolls-Royce history timeline – Rolls-Royce 2013 1884 Rolls-Royce grew from the electrical and mechanical business established by Henry Royce in 1884. Royce built his first motor car in 1904 and in May of that year met Charles Rolls, whose company sold quality cars in London. Agreement was reached that Royce Limited would manufacture a range of cars to be exclusively sold by CS Rolls & Co – they were to bear the name Rolls-Royce. 1906 Success with the cars led to the formation of the Rolls-Royce company in March 1906 and to the launch of the six-cylinder Silver Ghost which, within a year, was hailed as 'the best car in the world'. 1914 At the start of the First World War, in response to the nation's needs, Royce designed his first aero engine – the Eagle, providing some half of the total horsepower used in the air war by the allies. The Eagle powered the first direct transatlantic flight as well as the first flight from England to Australia – both in the Vickers Vimy aircraft. 1931 The late 1920s saw Rolls-Royce develop the 'R' engine to power Britain's entry in the International Schneider Trophy seaplane contest. It established a new world air speed record of over 400mph in 1931. Subsequently it established new world records on both land and water. More importantly, as subsequent events were to prove, it gave Rolls-Royce the technological base to develop the Merlin, which Royce has begun to work on before his death in 1933. 1940 The Merlin powered the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire in the Battle of Britain. Demand for the Merlin during the Second World War transformed Rolls-Royce from a relatively small company into a major contender in aero propulsion. 1944 In parallel, Rolls-Royce began development of the aero gas turbine, pioneered by Sir Frank Whittle. The Welland engine entered service in the Gloster Meteor fighter in 1944 and Rolls-Royce had the confidence immediately after the war to commit itself to the gas turbine, in which it had a technological lead. 1953 Rolls-Royce entered the civil aviation market with the Dart in the Vickers Viscount. It was to become the cornerstone of the universal acceptance of the gas turbine by the airline industry. The Avon-powered Comet became the first turbojet to enter transatlantic service and in 1960, the Conway engine in the Boeing 707 became the first turbofan to enter airline service. 1959 The other major manufacturers in Britain between the wars were Armstrong Siddeley, Blackburn, Bristol, de Havilland and Napier. The leader among these was Bristol which, in 1959, merged with the motor car and aero-engine maker Armstrong Siddeley. Three other smaller engine companies were absorbed into Bristol Siddeley and Rolls-Royce in 1961. Finally, the capability of the British aero-engine industry was consolidated when Rolls-Royce and Bristol Siddeley merged in 1966. 1960 With the emergence of the widebody airliners in the late 1960s, Rolls-Royce launched the RB211 for the Lockheed L-1011 Tri-Star. 1971 Early problems with the RB211 led to the company being taken into state ownership, and the flotation of the motor car business in 1973 as a separate entity. The three-shaft turbofan concept of the RB211 has now established itself at the heart of the Rolls-Royce world-class family of engines. 1987 Rolls-Royce returned to the private sector, undergoing a number of mergers and acquisitions to create the only company in Britain capable of delivering power for use in the air, at sea and on land. 1990 In 1990, Rolls-Royce formed an aero engines joint venture with BMW of Germany. Rolls-Royce took full control of the joint venture from January 2000. The legal name of the company is now Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG. 1995 Allison Engine Company in Indianapolis was acquired. Allison brought with it major new civil engines including the AE3007 for Embraer's new regional jet, and existing, successful defence programmes. 1998 Rolls-Royce Motor Cars was sold by Vickers to Volkswagen, although BMW hold the rights to the name and the marque for use on Rolls-Royce cars, having acquired t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,388	What is the name of the Pakistani town in which Osama Bin Laden was shot and killed in May 2011?	Osama bin Laden killed by U.S. forces - May 02, 2011 - HISTORY.com Osama bin Laden killed by U.S. forces Share this: Osama bin Laden killed by U.S. forces Author Osama bin Laden killed by U.S. forces URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 2011, Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, is killed by U.S. forces during a raid on his compound hideout in Pakistan. The notorious, 54-year-old leader of Al Qaeda, the terrorist network of Islamic extremists, had been the target of a nearly decade-long international manhunt. The raid began around 1 a.m. local time, when 23 U.S. Navy SEALs in two Black Hawk helicopters descended on the compound in Abbottabad, a tourist and military center north of Pakistan’s capital, Islamabad. One of the helicopters crash-landed into the compound but no one aboard was hurt. During the raid, which lasted approximately 40 minutes, five people, including bin Laden and one of his adult sons, were killed by U.S. gunfire. No Americans were injured in the assault. Afterward, bin Laden’s body was flown by helicopter to Afghanistan for official identification, then buried at an undisclosed location in the Arabian Sea less than 24 hours after his death, in accordance with Islamic practice. Just after 11:30 p.m. EST on May 1 (Pakistan’s time zone is 9 hours ahead of Washington, D.C.), President Barack Obama, who monitored the raid in real time via footage shot by a drone flying high above Abbottabad, made a televised address from the White House, announcing bin Laden’s death. “Justice has been done,” the president said. After hearing the news, cheering crowds gathered outside the White House and in New York City’s Times Square and the Ground Zero site. Based on computer files and other evidence the SEALs collected during the raid, it was later determined that bin Laden was making plans to assassinate President Obama and carry out a series of additional attacks against America, including one on the anniversary of September 11, the largest terrorist attack ever on U.S. soil, which left nearly 3,000 people dead. Shortly after the 2001 attack, President George W. Bush declared bin Laden, who was born into a wealthy family in Saudi Arabia in 1957 and used his multi-million-dollar inheritance to help establish al Qaeda and fund its activities, would be captured dead or alive. In December of that year, American-backed forces came close to capturing bin Laden in a cave complex in Afghanistan’s Tora Bora region; however, he escaped and would continue to elude U.S. authorities for years. A break in the hunt for bin Laden came in August 2010, when C.I.A. analysts tracked the terrorist leader’s courier to the Abbottabad compound, located behind tall security walls in a residential neighborhood. (U.S. intelligence officials spent the ensuing months keeping the compound under surveillance; however, they were never certain bin Laden was hiding there until the raid took place.) The U.S. media had long reported bin Laden was believed to be hiding in the remote tribal areas along the Afghan-Pakistani border, so many Americans were surprised to learn the world’s most famous fugitive had likely spent the last five years of his life in a well-populated area less than a mile from an elite Pakistani military academy. After the raid, which the U.S. reportedly carried out without informing the Pakistani government in advance, some American officials suspected Pakistani authorities of helping to shelter bin Laden in Abbottabad, although there was no concrete evidence to confirm this. Related Videos	Death of Ousted Libyan Leader Gaddafi – November 2011 Current, Credible, Consistent Death of Ousted Libyan Leader Gaddafi – November 2011 Muammar Gaddafi, the leader of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011 and the head of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 was killed in his hometown Sirte on October 20, 2011. Having led Libya for over four decades, Gaddafi had become the longest- serving Arab autocrat and leader. But in the wake of the Arab Spring uprisings that swept across, Tunisia, Egypt, and Syria, the Libyans decide to stage their own protest. The country broke out into civil war. Protests started as early as February 2011 and had escalated to full-fledged war by June 2011. With the intervention of the United Nations and the support of the NATO forces, the forces opposing Gaddafi established a transitional government. After a prolonged siege of Sirte, Gaddafi’s stronghold, Libyan National Liberation Army members managed to capture Gaddafi. The former leader was shot and killed ending the war in Libya. Colonel Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi came to power in Libya in 1969, having overthrown the King Idris in a coup d'état. He abolished the constitution of the country and established the Libyan Arab Republic. He formulated the Third International Theory, his political ideology which he published in The Green Book. In keeping with this ideology he proclaimed the Jamahiriya in 1977, a nation of the people and stepped down as leader of the republic. Gaddafi’s role as the “Brother Leader” of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was symbolic and he did not wield any power, he often claimed. Critics, both national an international have opposed such a notion and called him an eccentric autocrat. Gaddafi was a strong proponent of Arab nationalism and Islamic socialism. In 2008 he was conferred the title “King of Kings”. These were indicative of the limitless authority wielded by Gaddafi in his four decade long regime. Libyan Civil War In February 2011 Libya broke out in protest against the forty-year long regime of Gaddafi. By the close of the month the country had shown the beginnings of civil war and the National Transitional Council (NTC) had set up an alternative government at Benghazi. A number of Gaddafi’s close and trusted aides had joined the movement. Other Libyan cities including Misrata, Bayda, Tobruk, Zuwara and Sabratha were taken over by the NTC. By March Gaddafi had gotten over the initial surprise and his troops had started to fight for Misrata and Benghazi. In March 2011, a number of countries had sent in forces to Libya in an intervention to upkeep the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973. Air forces from France, UK, and USA and the Royal Navy of UK were deployed to aide the NTC in Libya. The country's airspace was declared a no-fly zone. Towards the end of March, NATO had taken over the operations which had initially been led by France, UK, and USA. In June 2011, Gaddafi announced his intentions of holding free and fair polls in the country. This was probably a move to save Tripoli, the Libyan capital from NATO bombardment. The NTC and NATO rejected the offer and war continued. In August 2011, Tripoli fell to the NTC. Gaddafi’s son, Saif al-Islam was arrested. Fighting in Abu Salim, Bab al-Azizia and other parts of Tripoli cost the country over 400 lives. Over 2,000 others were injured. Even as the NTC started to take over the border cities of Libya, effectively sealing all exit corridors, it was reported that Gaddafi’s family had fled to Algeria. Gaddafi himself and a number of loyal supporters moved to Sirte. Mid October the NTC forces took over many parts of Sirte. Fierce fighting between Gaddafi’s and NTC forces ensued and the Libyan leader was captured on October 20. Death and Dishonor On October 20, 2011 following the fall of Sirte, NATO warplanes attacked the convoy in which Gaddafi was traveling. The US Predator Missile and other air strikes had killed many Gaddafi supporters who were at the time protecting him. Gaddafi himself and his surviving aides were driven to take	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,389	Although she represented the UK in ‘Eurovision’, what nationality was Gina G?	How Eurovision ruined 90s starlet Gina G EUROVISION may have launched ABBA's career but it did nothing for Australian singer Gina G. "It didn't do me any favours afterwards," the singer, whose real name is Gina Gardiner, said. Gardiner, 39, who grew up in Brisbane, represented the UK in the 1996 Eurovision Song Contest, placing eighth with her catchy dance track Ooh Aah . . . Just A Little Bit. "Who knows what would have happened, whether Just A Little Bit would have been a massive hit regardless of Eurovision," Gardiner said. "I was kind of pushed into it by the record label (Warner), and when you're a newly signed artist you don't say no," Gardiner said. "I went along for the ride and I was encouraged by them all the way, telling me it was a good thing." Gardiner enjoyed moderate success in Melbourne in the early 1990s as a DJ and member of dance group Bass Culture, before moving to the UK to pursue a solo career. Just A Little Bit went on to be an international hit but Gardiner's career virtually stalled when she became embroiled in a 10-year legal battle with UK producer and songwriter Steve Rodway. "I was unable to record due to a contract I was stuck in with a producer that turned bad," she said. "He kept me in court for 10 years. Gardiner lives in Los Angeles with her husband and two young children, where she writes film and TV scripts, and has set up her own label, Stunt Girl Music. She said she co-wrote Just A Little Bit with Rodway and Simon Tauber after moving to the UK, although she never got a writing credit on the song. The Eurovision Song Contest is on SBS at 7.30pm.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: November 2015 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Set by The Park Tavern and the Brewers Q1 Great Britain is to appear in the Tennis Davis Cup final in which Belgian city? Ghent Q2 Once storms Abigail, Barney, Clodagh, Desmond and Eva have passed the UK, which will be next? Frank The current Ebola outbreak started in which African country? Guinea (Dec 2013) Where would you find Connexus and Versatile? On TV program The Apprentice (Teams names in the current TV series) Q5 Which actor has appeared as James Bond in exactly 2 official Bond films? Timothy Dalton (The Living Daylights, License to kill) Q6 According to Collins English Dictionary what has been chosen as the word of the year 2015? Binge-watch Q7 What is the tag line of the upcoming Star Wars film episode 7 of the series? The Force Awakens Who replaced Nick Hewer in the TV program The Apprentice? Claude Littner Q9 Which RAF base was in the news in October, owing to the arrival of ~140 migrants by boat? RAF Akrotiri (Cyprus) Q10 There is one remaining hovercraft service operating in the UK, from which city does it operate? Portsmouth (Southsea -> Ryde on the Isle of Wight) Q11 Baroness Dido Harding of Winscombe has been in the news recently, as the CEO of which company? Talk Talk Q12 Which British airline is celebrating its 20th Anniversary, flying its inaugural flight on November 10th 1995? EasyJet The Schengen Treaty takes its name from a village in which country? Luxembourg MP can stand for two things on an ordnance survey Map, name either? Mile Post or Mooring Post Q15 On a marine map what does HWM stand for? High Water Mark Which country is to host the next Winter Olympics in 2018? South Korea Who did Seb Coe succeed as head of the IAAF? Lamine Diack What is the third largest object in the solar system? Saturn (Sun, Jupiter, Saturn) Which man made object is furthest from Earth? Voyager 1 (allow Voyager) Q20 For his part in which 1953 film did Frank Sinatra receive a Best Supporting Actor Oscar? From Here to Eternity Which current world leader is sometimes known as Bibi? Benjamin Netanyahu Q22 Who has been recently sworn in as Canada's 23rd Prime Minister after winning a surprise majority? Justin Trudeau What is the longest motorway in the UK? M6 What is the longest A road in the UK? A1 Who is the shadow chancellor? John McDonnell Which building was built in 1093 to house the shrine of St Cuthbert? Durham Cathedral In which building would you find the famous Cosmati Pavement? Westminster Cathedral Who hosts 'Modern Life is Goodish'? Dave Gorman Frankie Fredericks represented which African country in athletics? Namibia Who hosts 'As yet untitled'? Alan Davies Who will be the new host of QI succeeding Stephen Fry? Sandi Toksvig What is the word used to describe an animal/plant that is both male and female? Hermaphrodite With which artistic medium would you associate Ansel Adams? Photography Which city is normally accepted as being the ancient capital of Wessex? Winchester Which group recorded the track 'Unfinished Symphony'? Massive Attack Which school featured in UK TV's 'Please Sir'? Fenn Street Q37 80s band Heaven 17 got their name from a well-known novel originally published in 1962. Name it? A Clockwork Orange - (by Anthony Burgess) Q38 Steely Dan got their name from which notorious novel originally published in 1959? The Naked Lunch (by William Burroughs) Q39 Wladimir Klitschko is a champion boxer from which country? Ukraine The 'Rockhampton Rocket' was a nickname given to which famous sportsman? Rod Laver Which British astronaut is going to the international space station in December? Tim Peake How many cantons make up Switzerland? 26 (accept 25 to 27) Q43 Which city was the imperial capital of Japan before Tokyo? Kyoto Saloth Sar born 19 May 1925 is better known by what name? Pol Pot What was discovered in 1799 by Pierre-François Bouchard a Napoleonic soldier? The Rosetta Stone 'I told you I was ill' are the words carved into whose gravestone? Spike Milligan Q47 What did Newcastle chemist William Owen invent in 1927 for those	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,390	The story ‘The Siege of Trencher’s Farm' was released as which 1971 film?	The Siege of Trencher's Farm - Straw Dogs: Gordon Williams: 9780857681195: Amazon.com: Books The Siege of Trencher's Farm - Straw Dogs Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. Customers Who Viewed This Item Also Viewed Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 This shopping feature will continue to load items. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your heading shortcut key to navigate to the next or previous heading. 4.0 out of 5 stars 4 Paperback Next Special Offers and Product Promotions Editorial Reviews Review "Williams’ sparse, almost Spartan prose is littered with a handful of really great turns of the phrase and a strong sense of narrative timing that keeps you turning page after page. Far from your standard potboiler, THE SIEGE OF TRENCHER’S FARM is a classic of the genre and a perfect example of how to take a simple, violent encounter and stretch it for well over a hundred pages without ever feeling like it is simply spinning its wheels." - Ain't It Cool "Williams’ carefully measured and page-turning plotting, and finely tuned attention to the undercurrents of this story, keep things compelling." - The Playlist "A prime example of modern storytelling infusing noir and other genres into an original concoction of fiction, The Siege of Trencher’s Farm doesn’t waste any time delivering a wise and well thought-out message." - Review Fix Read more About the Author Gordon Williams is the author of over 20 novels, including From Scenes Like These which was nominated for the Booker prize in 1969. His most famous work The Siege of Trencher’s Farm was adapted into Sam Peckinpath’s controversial 1971 movie Straw Dogs. Don't have a Kindle? Get your Kindle here , or download a FREE Kindle Reading App . Ignite your imagination with these editor's picks from Kindle books. See more Product Details Publisher: Titan Books (August 16, 2011) Language: English Shipping Weight: 4.8 ounces ( View shipping rates and policies ) Average Customer Review: By Jonathan Sturak on September 30, 2012 Format: Paperback Verified Purchase George Magruder is a civilized man, a man who doesn't believe in violence or guns. He believes in the advancement of mankind, using debate and discussion to address problems. George is an American. He married a Brit named Louise and together they have a young impressionable daughter. The Magruder family has been living in Louise's country for several months as George works on a research paper. They have bypassed the civilized city, renting a sprawling home called "Trencher's Farm" inside a mysterious village in the fringes of England, miles away from London, miles away from the rest of the world. As George, the civilized outsider, complains to his wife about the uncivilized village surrounding him, a storm begins brewing. George is about to clash with a group of locals who wants to bury him and his family along with the other secrets plaguing this backwater village. During a series of bizarre mishaps, George finds himself harboring a legally insane pedophile as a group of hostile men, under the influence of not only alcohol, but years of repression, attempts to breach his house. A blizzard has crippled this small village, but it hasn't crippled the action unfolding at Trencher's Farm. George has the simple yet very powerful objective of protecting his home and his family. The last half of the book plays out in near real-time. This is the book's best and, conversely, most critical feature. It's literary genius to see George transform right in front of your eyes. He becomes a "man," at least in his wife's eyes, and uses his book smarts to defend, and ultimately attack, these intruders. Every man has his breaking point and Mr. Williams provides us with a window into George's transformation from a coward, to a strong man, to an inhuman animal. Read more ›	Film History Milestones - 1970 Event and Significance Early 70s The success of blaxploitation films led to an onslaught of other black exploitation genres, with numerous remakes or lesser imitations ranging from westerns to martial arts kung fu films to horror and gangster films. Sample films included Hit Man (1972), Blacula (1972) and Blackenstein (1973), and Larry Cohen's Black Caesar (1973). However, the vast majority of these films were still distributed, produced, and controlled by non-blacks. All of the blaxploitation films set the stage for Hip Hop music and subculture, future directors such as Spike Lee and John Singleton, and movies like Harlem Nights (1989), Posse (1993), the Beverly Hills Cop series, and Pulp Fiction (1994) . Early 1970s Dennis Hopper's Easy Rider (1969) , Bob Rafelson's Five Easy Pieces (1970) , and Peter Bogdanovich's The Last Picture Show (1971) were representative of the New Hollywood movement of unconventional auteur directors with new ideas and personal visions. 1970 George C. Scott won the Best Actor Oscar for his memorable performance as General George Patton in Fox's classic war biopic Patton (1970) but he declined to accept the nomination and the gold statuette award (and did not attend the awards ceremony in 1971), because he did not feel himself to be in any competition with other actors, calling it a "meat parade" or "meat market." Earlier, he had declined his nomination for his role in The Hustler (1961) , becoming the first actor to decline an Oscar nomination (received in 1962). 1970 With Helen Hayes' win as Best Supporting Actress for Airport (1970), she became the first actor or actress to receive Academy Awards in the two categories honoring performers. She had previously won Best Actress 38 years earlier for The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931/32). 1970 Disaster films became a main staple of films in the 70s -- the trend began with Airport (1970). The entire disaster film craze was really kick-started by The Poseidon Adventure (1972). 1970 In 1970, the "M" rating was changed to "PG" (Parental Guidance) due to the confusing nature of the term "mature audiences." 1970 On April 13, 1970, an explosion on board the Apollo 13 lunar mission forced the crew to abort their mission to the moon and devise a way to bring their compromised spaceship home. They landed safely in the Pacific Ocean four days later. The events of the space flight were recounted in director Ron Howard's Apollo 13 (1995) twenty five years later, with Tom Hanks in the role of veteran astronaut Jim Lovell. 1970 Director/star Alejandro Jodorowsky's self-conscious, surrealistic, often incoherent, unique and avant-garde El Topo (1970, Mex.) (translated "the Mole"), was a gory (and mystical) "spaghetti" western about a black-clad rogue gunfighter on a quest to defeat the 'four masters of the gun.' It was the first 'official' midnight movie. It premiered at midnight in a rundown NYC theatre (on lower Eighth Avenue) and ran seven nights a week for many months. The concept of long-playing, taboo-breaking, eccentric midnight movies designed to appeal to urban film fans was thereby born. 1970 The AristoCats (1970) was the first feature-length animated film to be entirely completed after Walt Disney's death, and the last animated feature to be approved by Walt Disney. 1970 Director William Friedkin's milestone mainstream film The Boys in the Band (1970), an adaptation of Mart Crowley's off-Broadway 1968 stage play, was notable as being the first Hollywood feature film to examine the homosexual culture and community in close-up fashion, and to portray gays as human beings who could have a sense of camaraderie. 1970 The rock band The Who performed their rock opera Tommy and became the first act to play rock music at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City on June 7	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,391	Yo Yo Ma is a virtuoso on which instrument?	Yo-Yo Ma, a virtuoso at more than the cello - The Washington Post Yo-Yo Ma, a virtuoso at more than the cello The inside track on Washington politics. Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we’ll e-mail you free updates as they’re published. You’ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. You’re all set! By Philip Kennicott December 2, 2011 Follow @PhilipKennicott He may be the greatest cellist in the world and, some would argue, the greatest cellist ever. Legendary players such as Pablo Casals, Jacqueline du Préand Mstislav Rostropovich , have all left indelible marks. Casals was the trailblazer with the passionate commitment to human dignity. Du Préwas a tragic and beloved figure, a player of extraordinary drama and charisma. Rostropovich helped build the instrument’s modern repertoire, inspiring or premiering works by Shostakovich, Prokofiev and a host of others. But Yo-Yo Ma consolidated everything that came before, made it look effortless, and somehow found time to go past the cello and refashion himself into something bigger. He has invented a term for what he does, though he is too modest to apply it to himself except as a goal. He is the consummate “citizen musician.” His people say he lives out of a suitcase, and it’s easy to believe. Ma performs around the world, playing the Dvorak cello concerto in Pittsburgh, Atlanta and Kansas City in a typical stretch of several weeks. He has recorded more than 75 albums, with Grammy Award wins almost an annual occurrence (five for chamber music, four for crossover and multiple wins as a soloist). The Kennedy Center Honors is only one item on a very long list, including the prestigious Avery Fisher Prize, the National Medal of Arts, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom just last year. Few artists today can guarantee a sellout crowd, which means that orchestras and concert presenters rely increasingly on a handful of super-musicians with enormous name recognition and audience loyalty. Ma is one of them. But more than anything else, Ma is renowned for never giving a second-rate performance, never being off his game, never phoning it in. If there are bad reviews of a Ma concert out there, they assuredly read like Mark Twain’s grumpy and ironic description of opera: “It’s too generous.” Go to YouTube and watch him perform Saint-Saens’s “The Swan ,” one of the hoariest chestnuts of the repertoire. The music swells and subsides in long arcs, as if sung in one ecstatic breath. His bow never seems to run out of room, extending the sound seamlessly. His left hand rocks delicately on the strings, making the tone quiver like the voice of someone remembering a very sad story. He’s played it a hundred times, perhaps a thousand times or more. But every note of every phrase feels fresh and meaningful. Throughout it, Ma never looks at his instrument or at the music, which is all in his head. Instead, he focuses intently on Charles “Lil’ Buck” Riley, a street dancer from Memphis. To the sounds of Ma’s cello, Riley twists on one foot, almost goes up on point, oozes across the floor as if skating on ice, and allows the undulations of Saint-Saens’s haunting melody to flow out to his finger tips and toes. The mesmerizing choreography is equally indebted to Michael Jackson and Anna Pavlova, the great ballerina for whom this was a signature piece. The video, filmed by Spike Jonze at a meeting of the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities (on which Ma serves), has had more than 1.5 million hits online. Damian Woetzel, a ballet dancer who is now head of the Aspen Institute’s arts programs and who has worked with Ma on education projects, can claim partial credit for the remarkable performance. When Woetzel first saw Lil’ Buck, he immediately thought of Ma and sent him a video of the young dancer. “And Yo-Yo said, ‘Oh my God, we’ve got to do something,’ ” Woetzel says. This is how some of the strangest and most compelling collaborations in the music world have happened over the past few decades. Ma gets excited, and th	Index-a The live album Beauty and the Beat featured pianist George Shearring and which singer? Peggy Lee Whose band was the Tijuana Brass? Herb Alpert Who were Cliff Richard's backing group through the 60s? The Shadows Who were the famous backing singers on most of Elvis Presley's early hits? The Jordanaires The Stratocaster is a model of which guitar maker? Fender Which piano-playing singer's first hit was The Fat Man? Fats Domino Which American rock'n'roll star caused controversy when he married a young teenager? Jerry Lee Lewis Who made the highly rated 1959 jazz album Kind of Blue? Miles Davis Which iconic British female singer made the highly regarded album titled '(her first name) in Memphis' ? Dusty Springfield Whose band was the All Stars? Junior Walker (Jr Walker) Larry Adler played what instrument? Harmonica Whose childhood hit was Fingertips? Stevie Wonder Which guitar innovator and player has a range of Gibson Guitars named after him? Les Paul The founding brother members of the Kinks were Ray and Dave what? Davies What was Smokey Robinson's most famous band called? The Miracles Kenny Ball and his Jazzmen's 1962 hit was called March of the ... what? Siamese Children Who sang the hit theme song Rawhide? Frankie Laine John Mayall's band which helped launch Eric Clapton's career was called what? Bluesbreakers Rock Around the Clock was a hit for Bill Haley and his ... what? Comets Which comedy actor had a novelty hit with My Boomerang Won't Come Back? Charlie Drake Who sang with Serge Gainsbourg on the hit Je t'aime? Jane Birkin Colin Blunstone fronted which 1960s group? The Zombies What Eastenders star sang on the novelty hit Come Outside? Wendy Richard Jiles Perry (JP) Richardson Jr, who died in the same plane crash as Ritchie Valens and Buddy Holly was better known by what name?Big Bopper Which later-to-be-famous solo singer and guitarist toured as a member of the Beach Boys in the mid 60s? Glen Campbell Who had sang the hit song Little Old Wine Drinker Me? Dean Martin What famous 'two-fingered' jazz guitarist died in 1953? Django Reinhardt (Jean-Baptiste Reinhardt) What song, released to promote the film The Millionairess, featured its stars Peter Sellers and Sophia Loren? Goodness Gracious Me Who managed the Beatles' prior to his early death in 1967? Brian Epstein Whose nickname was a derived from the term satchel-mouth? Louis Armstrong (Satchmo) What's the name of the motorbiker who dies in the Shangri-Las' hit The Leader of the Pack? Jimmy Which singing-songwriting founder of the Flying Burrito Brothers died age 26, after which his body was 'stolen' by a friend and burnt in the Joshua Tree National Park? Gram Parsons Which American singer and entertainer was nicknamed Schnozzola, because of his large nose? Jimmy Durante Who wrote and had a hit with the instrumental Classical Gas? Mason Williams Who wrote Patsy Cline's hit Crazy? Willie Nelson What city hosted the Beatles as the resident band at the Kaiserkeller and Top Ten Club? Hamburg The Isley Brothers' hit was called Behind a ... what? Painted Smile 1950-60s record turntables commonly offered four speeds: 33, 45, 78, and what other? 16 (technically the speeds were 33⅓ and 16⅔ but record decks tended to show only the whole numbers) American DJ Robert Weston Smith was better known by what stage name? Wolfman Jack What ridiculously titled song was a hit in 1954 for Max Bygraves in the UK and the Four Lads in the USA? Gilly Gilly Ossenfeffer Katzenellen Bogen by the Sea Who had the 1965 instrumental hit Spanish Flea? Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass What was Emile Ford and the Checkmates' 1959 hit, supposedly the longest ever question in a UK No1 song title? What Do You Want to Make Those Eyes at Me For? Who singer-guitarist's backing band was The Bruvvers? Joe Brown Which Rolling Stones guitarist died in a swimming pool in 1969? Bri	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,392	Near which village in Lincolnshire is the Royal Air Force College?	The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Trail - Lincolnshire.org Five Dog Friendly Cottages in Lincolnshire The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Trail "The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Trail is a fascinating journey that highlights Lincolnshire's long and illustrious relationship with the Royal Air Force" The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Trail is a fascinating journey that highlights Lincolnshire’s long and illustrious relationship with the Royal Air Force. Known as Bomber County during the Second World War, Lincolnshire had more operational airfields than anywhere else in the country. Its largely flat, rural terrain and geographical location in the east of England (and therefore closer to Germany) made it the ideal county for the RAF to concentrate its airfield building programme. In 1939, there were 10 airfields in Lincolnshire, but by 1945 this had grown to 49 and it is estimated that airfields covered 2% of the county. As well as being home to Bomber Command, Lincolnshire also had several fighter airfields, the most important of which were RAF Digby and RAF Kirton in Lindsey. Today, Lincolnshire is home to The Red Arrows at RAF Scampton; AWACS and Sentinels at RAF Waddington; Typhoons at RAF Conningsby; the RAF officers’ training college at RAF Cranwell; and of course, The Waddington Air Show. Around Lincoln… RAF Scampton Heritage Centre – celebrates the history of the RAF Scampton – and what an illustrious history it is! RAF Scampton is home to: the iconic 617 (Dambusters) Squadron, which, led by Squadron Leader Guy Gibson, flew a daring raid from Scampton to bomb the dams of the German Rhur Valley in 1943; a reformed 617 Squadron which flew Vulcan bombers during the Cold War; and The Red Arrows. If you’re really lucky, you may see The Reds practicing in the skies above Scampton when you visit! Entry to the museum is free, but you MUST pre-book before you visit – RAF Scampton is a working airbase and, for security reasons, you will not be allowed in unless you have pre-booked. For more information, please click here . Dambusters Inn, Scampton – a cosy pub in Scampton Village, long frequented by personnel from nearby RAF Scampton. With plenty of fascinating RAF memorabilia and bags of charm, the Dambusters Inn serves excellent food and real ale. For more information, please click here . St John the Baptist Church, Scampton – the graveyard of Scampton Parish Church has a military section for aircrew from RAF Scampton. Unusually, there are also the graves of 8 Luftwaffe crew who died when their aircraft crashed nearby. RAF Wickenby Memorial Museum – this tiny museum tells the story of RAF Wickenby, from its inception in 1941 to its closure in 1956. During the Second World War, it was home to 12 and 626 Squadrons. Post war it was home to 92 and 93 (Mustang) Squadrons. More poignantly, it remembers the 1,491 aircrew who failed to return to RAF Wickenby and nearby airfields during active service. RAF Wickenby Memorial Museum is located less than 10 miles north of Lincoln, off the A158 Lincoln – Skegness Road. For more information, please click here . RAF Waddington Heritage Centre – learn about the history of RAF Waddington from its beginnings in 1916, to its current role as the nation’s hub of airborne intellegence systems. Entry to the museum is free, but by appointment only. As with RAF Scampton, RAF Waddington is an operational airbase and, for security reasons, you will not gain admittance without pre-booking. For more information, please click here . Waddington Aircraft Viewing Enclosure (WAVE) – RAF Waddington has a viewing enclosure located off the A15 opposite the airbase. You can park in safety as you aircraft spot! For more information, please click here . Waddington Air Show – is the RAF’s largest air show and features some of the most spectacular flying displays you are ever likely to see! Aircraft from around the world take part in this two day spectacular held annually in July, as do Lincolnshire’s very own Red Arrows and the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight. For more information and to book tickets, ple	Carnforth Station Heritage Centre - Home of Brief Encounter Home About News Events Exhibitions Contact Us Links Carnforth Station Heritage Centre and the Brief Encounter Refreshment Room opened on 17 October 2003 following 3 years work to renovate the derelict buildings of Carnforth Station. We celebrated our 10th anniversary in 2013 and would like to thank the organisations listed for their generous support. We welcome visitors from all over the world, who come to enjoy the nostalgia of the station, which has been restored to it’s 1940s glory when the Refreshment Room was used as the setting for David Lean’s film “Brief Encounter”. Carnforth Railway Station was opened in 1846 by the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway Company and was originally just a single platform. In 1856, a small station was built following the connection of the Furness and Midland Railway lines. A year later a new station and small engine shed were constructed. On 1st August, 1880, the station was rebuilt at a cost of £40,000. The station was completely rebuilt in 1937 by the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company, financed by over £53,000 of government-funded money. A 890 ft long platform was added for the Furness trains, and the longest unsupported single piece concrete roof in Britain was erected. Carnforth developed into a bustling junction linking stations across the North West from Cumberland through to Leeds. During the two World Wars thousands of servicemen passed through Carnforth Station en route to duty overseas. In 1945 David Lean filmed his romantic classic “Brief Encounter” starring Celia Johnson and Trevor Howard. Carnforth was chosen by the Ministry of War Transport as it was remote and safe from attack. Filming had to take place at night between 10pm and 6am so as not to interfere with daytime train operations. Opening Hours Heritage Centre: Daily 10am - 4pm Refreshment Room: Daily 9am - 4pm Carnforth Station Heritage Centre The demise of steam and radical reorganisation of the railways by Dr Beeching in the 1960's led to a gradual rundown of the station. The mainline platforms were closed down and physically removed in 1970 prior to electrification of the West Coast Main Line. Carnforth was then reduced to a branch station and the buildings gradually fell into disrepair. The Carnforth Station and Railway Trust Co Ltd was formed In November 1996 to restore the derelict buildings and a £1.5 million project was commenced in late 2000 in cooperation with Railtrack. The Refreshment Room has been restored to its 1940s splendour and is a run as a separate franchise by Andrew and Helen Coates.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,393	What is the name of the famous ship which sank in 1545 and was raised in 1982	10 Most Famous Shipwrecks in History You are here: Home / History / 10 Most Famous Shipwrecks in History 10 Most Famous Shipwrecks in History September 7, 2011 By paul Leave a Comment Shipwrecks are fascinating because they tell true stories and, when discovered, they give us the chance to see a piece of the past, to witness things that were never seen or touched since the moment of the sinking and to solve mysteries that lasted for centuries. Telling stories of disasters, sufferance and death, giving us the opportunity to experience the past as we only imagined it, and to feel the excitement of a treasure hunt, the most famous shipwrecks in history are among the humanity’s greatest possessions. 1. Titanic The most famous shipwreck of all is, without a doubt, the unlucky Titanic, which sank during its maiden voyage, in 1912. Qualified as indestructible, it could not oppose the force of nature and thus, when hitting a large iceberg on April 14, it went under, taking 1517 men, women and children with it. The wreck was only discovered in 1985, after a long search. 2. Andrea Doria The Beautiful Andrea Doria was launched at water back in 1951. It was a luxury ship, where 1,241 passengers could be accommodated in excellent conditions. The accident that brought it an unwanted fame happened in1956, on July 25, when Andrea Doria was navigating through dense fog. Visibility being highly reduced, it was impossible for the members of the crew to see what was in front of them and thus, in a tragic moment, the ship collided with a Swedish freighter, Stockholm. Both vessels were critically damaged but while the Andrea Doria started sinking, the Stockholm remained above water. The messages went on all night long, describing each moment o this ongoing maritime disaster: “We are bending impossible to put lifeboats at sea send immediate assistance” stated one of them. However, almost all passengers were saved. 3. RMS Rhone This historic shipwreck lies on the bottom of the Caribbean Sea, in the region of the British Virgin Islands. It was sunk by a hurricane back in 1867 and it was broken in 2 pieces. The Rhone is today offering great adventures to bold divers and it is one of the most famous shipwrecks in the world for this very reason. 4. General Slocum The paddle steamer General Slocum burnt in 1904 in New York,, taking the lives of a thousand people during the fire that was possibly started by a cigarette. The poor victims, of whom the most were women and children (who were unable to swim), were heading that day to a church picnic. Today, the fate of the wreck is uncertain, as some people believe that the remainings of the ship were transformed into a barge, which sank in a storm some years later, while others claim that it was dynamited. 5. Mary Rose The story of Mary Rose began some 500 years ago, when she was built to be “the fairest flower of all the ships that ever sailed”, in the words of King Henry VIII. Years later, in 1545, after having faced 3 wars and being enlarged and improved, the ship was ready to meet the French army on the Isle of Wight. Tragically, she never got to see the war, as it sank in 40 feet of water, when the lower deck started to inundate. An estimated 700 people lost their lives. Even though the position of the shipwreck was known since 1836, it was only in 1970 that the search for the disappeared Mary Rose ended in success. In 1982, the shipwreck was finally raised from the water and exposed in Portsmouth Dockyard. 6. Lusitania Beautifully nicknamed “the greyhound of the seas” was the ocean liner Lusitania, which sank in 1915, in one of the most catastrophic maritime incidents of all time. In May 7,Lusitania was torpedoed by a German submarine. The ship sank in less than half an hour and 1,198 people, including women and children, lost their lives. The shipwreck was discovered in 1935 and since then, various studies were effectuated in order to determine what the cause of a second hole was and why the ship sank so fast. 7. Bismarck Bismarck was an awesome war ship, which was described even by enemies as	Buckland Abbey \| The History Jar The History Jar I saw five ships… This post contains not three ships but five. It’s also rather brief as this event isn’t exactly a niche happening for keen historians its linked to one of England’s most identifiable historic figures! Today, 13th December, in 1577 Sir Francis Drake set off from Plymouth with fewer than two hundred men on his greatest voyage. The Pelican was Drake’s vessel. He was accompanied by the Elizabeth, the Marigold, the Swan and the Benedict. Just to confuse matters the Benedict was also known as the Christopher. By January the vessels made landfall in what we now know as Argentina and the Pelican was renamed the Golden Hind as it sailed through the Magellan Straits. If you want to know more about drake and his various voyages then I suggest the Naval Museum in Greenwich link here which will open a new window and a thorough overview as to whether Drake was a hero (oh yes he was!) or a piratical villain -(oh no he wasn’t! Er, actually, he might have been if you were Spanish – he was a licensed privateer after all). However, one of the first places I remember visiting as a child was Buckland Abbey in Devon, and my father served for a time in the Royal Navy so I grew up on a diet of seafaring heroics and the story of Drake’s drum, a replica of which can still be seen at Buckland Abbey – although the original does still exist (and I have seen it). Drake is supposed to have taken the snare drum with him on his momentous journey of 1577-1580. The story goes that shortly before his death off Panama he ordered the drum to be returned home to Buckland and if England was ever in peril and the drum beaten then Drake would return to defend his country once more. Of course the sound of ghostly drum rolls have been heard at various times in England’s history including the outbreak of World War One and on the surrender of the Imperial German Navy in 1918. It was also heard echoing during the dark days of the Dunkirk evacuation and during the Plymouth Blitz. Folklore rather than history but the ‘story’ in history is one of the things that has always made history so fascinating for me. And, there’s that rather stirring poem by Newbolt – looking back I’m impressed that my father knew it so well having been required to learn it at school and even more impressed that it was deemed suitable for a five-year-old who then demanded to hear it on more than one occasion- so consequentially it seems appropriate that this post: small part fact, large part folk lore and small part narrative poem finish with Newbolt’s words: Drake he’s in his hammock an’ a thousand miles away, (Capten, art tha sleepin’ there below?) Slung atween the round shot in Nombre Dios Bay, An’ dreamin’ arl the time O’ Plymouth Hoe. Yarnder lumes the Island, yarnder lie the ships, Wi’ sailor lads a-dancing’ heel-an’-toe, An’ the shore-lights flashin’, an’ the night-tide dashin’, He sees et arl so plainly as he saw et long ago. Drake he was a Devon man, an’ ruled the Devon seas, (Capten, art tha’ sleepin’ there below?) Roving’ tho’ his death fell, he went wi’ heart at ease, A’ dreamin’ arl the time o’ Plymouth Hoe. “Take my drum to England, hang et by the shore, Strike et when your powder’s runnin’ low; If the Dons sight Devon, I’ll quit the port o’ Heaven, An’ drum them up the Channel as we drumm’d them long ago.” Drake he’s in his hammock till the great Armadas come, (Capten, art tha sleepin’ there below?) Slung atween the round shot, listenin’ for the drum, An’ dreamin arl the time o’ Plymouth Hoe. Call him on the deep sea, call him up the Sound, Call him when ye sail to meet the foe; Where the old trade’s plyin’ an’ the old flag flyin’ They shall find him ware an’ wakin’, as they found him long ago! Share this:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,394	What is the state capital of Illinois	Past Illinois Capitols Past Illinois Capitols The following article is copied from the 1975-1976 Illinois Bluebook: Kaskaskia Illinois was admitted to the Federal Union as the twenty-first state on December 3, 1818. Since that historic date, Illinois has been governed from three different cities and from six Capitol buildings, one leased and the rest state-owned. Kaskaskia, which had served as the Territorial seat of government since 1809, became the first Illinois State Capital. Founded in 1703 by French Jesuits, this city had long played a prominent role in the history of the Illinois country and was one of the most important settlements in the Territory. On July 4, 1778 George Rogers Clark and his "Kentucky Long Knives" captured Kaskaskia from the British and Illinois subsequently became a county of Virginia. Clark's important engagements in Illinois during the American Revolution secured the entire Northwest Territory for the newly-created United States. The "Liberty Bell of the West", pictured here, was rung by the residents of Kaskaskia in celebration of Clark's liberation of the town from the British. The bell was a gift from King Louis XV of France to the Catholic Church of the Illinois Country. The bell was cast in 1741 and arrived in Kaskaskia via New Orleans and the Mississippi River in 1743. The first Capitol, a two-story brick building, was rented by the new State government at a rate of $4.00 a day. The House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-nine legislators, occupied the entire first floor while the State's fourteen Senators met in the chamber directly above. The First General Assembly petitioned Congress for a grant of land somewhere in the State's interior to serve as the site of a new Capital. After the request was granted, a committee of five selected a site located some eighty miles northeast of Kaskaskia along the Kaskaskia River. This site, then known as Reeve's Bluff, became the city of Vandalia, our second Capital city. The removal of the Capital to Vandalia had been brought about by land speculators, including some of the State's most prominent men, who felt that they could profit by instigating land booms in the unsettled areas. After Vandalia became the Capital in 1820, Kaskaskia declined in importance and gradually disappeared under the waters of the Mississippi River. In 1881, a sudden change in the course of the Mississippi washed away much of the ancient Illinois Capital and created Kaskaskia Island. Succeeding spring floods have further eroded the site until only a small farm community exists today on the remaining portion of the site, the only existing trace of the once flourishing State Capital. The picture to the right shows the first Statehouse in 1899, two years before it was completely swallowed by the Mississippi River. Vandalia A plain, two-story frame structure was built in Vandalia to house the State government. The lower floor consisted of a single room for the House of Representatives. The second floor was divided into two rooms, the larger reserved for the Senate and the smaller one used for the meetings of the Council of Revision. The Secretary of State, Auditor and Treasurer maintained rented offices separate from the main Capitol building. The Second General Assembly first met in the newly-built Capitol on December 4, 1820, During this first sitting an act was passed making Vandalia the seat of government for the next twenty years. After fire destroyed the first state-owned Capitol, a second building was erected in the summer of 1824 at a cost of $15,000. Soon after, a movement began pushing for the removal of the Capital to some site nearer the geographical center of the State. Responding to this growing sentiment, the General Assembly passed an act in 1833 enabling voters to decide the location of the new Capital city at the next general election. The sites to be voted on were Vandalia, Jacksonville, Springfield, Peoria, Alton and the State's geographical center. Although Alton received the most votes at the gener	Bezzerwizzer at Paint Branch High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Which geometric shape does Frank Llyod Wright's Guggenheim Museum in New York echo? A spiral Which painter liked to present himself as the "Man in the Bowler Hat"? Rene Magritte Which IT company is also known by the abbreviation "HP"? Hewlett Packard Which American university is known by the abbreviation "M.I.T."? Massachusetts Institute of Technology What American fashion icon enjoys the sweet smell of success with his Double Black cologne? Ralph Lauren Whon won the Oscar for Best Actor in "The Godfather" in 1972? Marlon Brando Which traditional French dish consists of eggplant, garlic, peppers, tomatoes, zucchini and onions? Ratatouille Which is the largest city in New Zealand? Auckland In 1960, which Asian country saw a woman elected as head of the government for the first time: Ceylon, Malaya or India? Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) What is the word for illnesses in which physical symptoms are traced back to mental causes? Psychosomatic How many people take part in a tete-a-tete? Two Who, in 1841, wrote about "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"? Edgar Allen Poe Who sang the title song to the James Bond film "Goldfinger"? Shirley Bassey Which species of deer is the most common across the world? Elk (moose) Who was elected President of Poland in 1990? Lech Walesa Which planet is also known as the "evening star"? Venus In a battle of the "hot-heads," who did Jimmy Connors defeat in 1982 in the Wimbledon tennis finals? John McEnroe Which videotape format prevailed in the face of competition from Betamax and Video2000? VHS Which President proclaimed Thanksgiving Day a national holiday? Abraham Lincoln Who was the murder victim at the center of the plot in TV's "Twin Peaks"? Laura Palmer Renaissance architecture emerged from which country? Italy How many people can be seen in da Vinci's painting of "The Last Supper"? Thirteen Which drink did pharmacist John S. Pemberton invent in 1886? Coca Cola Which term, used in sociology denotes the adaption of a minority to the culture and lifestyle of the majority? Assimilation What do the letters of the American fashion label "DKNY" stand for? Donna Karan New York Who played the role of Baron von Trapp in 1965's "The Sound of Music"? Christopher Plummer Which nation brought chocolate to Europe from rainforests of Mexico and Central America? Spain In which country is the Gibson Desert? Australia What was the code name for Allied Invasion of Normandy on D-Day? Operation Overlord What substance gives blood its red color? Hemoglobin Which science deals with the origin, history and meaning of words? Etymology Which generation did Douglas Coupland portray in his 1991 novel? Generation X Which duo sang "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" in 1965? The Righteous Brothers Which bird has the largest wing span? The (wandering) albatross Bill Clinton was governor of which U.S. state before becoming president? Arkansas How is the number 1,500 written in Roman numerals? MD In swimming, how many strokes are there in an Individual Medley? Four Which country launched MIR space station in 1986? Soviet Union How many points does the Jewish Star of David have? Six In which city did the TV series "Frasier" take place? Seattle What is a column or monument made of a single block of stone? Monolith Which male entertainment group, originally Los Angeles, is known for its striptease routine? The Chippendales Which copmany was co-founded in 1975 by Paul Allen? Microsoft What is celebrated on the 8th of March throughout the world? International Women's Day Causing fistfights in toy stores in the 1980s, which must have dolls came with their own adoption papers? Cabbage Patch Kids Who won the 2000 Oscar for Best Actor in "American Beauty"? Kevin Spacey Which exclusive dish meaning "fat liver" in French is prepared from duck or goose liver? Foie Gras Which ocean lies between Africa, Asia, Australia and the Antarctic? Indian Ocean Which Italian explorer gave his name to America? Amerigo Vespucci Who has, on average, more hair on their head: blondes, brunettes, or red	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,395	What is the most times a piece of paper can be folded in half?	Folding Paper in Half Twelve Times BRITNEY�S FOLDING RECORD STILL HOLDS The long standing challenge was that a single piece of paper, no matter the size, cannot be folded in half more than 7 or 8 times. Recently, reports have been made that Britney�s paper folding record of folding a piece of paper in half 12 times has been broken. These current attempts, though laudable and will eventually be successful, are not satisfactory due to strict rules she followed to also preclude criticism from modifying the problem. Challengers have used methods including stacking separate pieces on top of one another, taping pieces together, cutting paper, tearing paper, and pleated (fan) folding instead of folding in half. These methods circumvent the principles of the simply defined paper folding problem and demonstrate a misunderstanding of why the challenge was thought to be impossible. Recent reference. The most significant part of Britney's work is actually not the geometric progression of a folding sequence but rather the detailed analysis to find why geometric sequences have practical limits that prevent them from expanding. Her book provides the size of paper needed to fold paper and gold 16 times using different folding techniques. Her equations have been confirmed by scholars at Cal Tech and Harvey Mudd and are posted on Wolfram MathWorld. Britney Gallivan has solved the Paper Folding Problem. This well known challenge was to fold paper in half more than seven or eight times, using a single piece of paper of any size or shape. In April of 2005 Britney's accomplishment was mentioned on the prime time CBS television show Numb3rs. The task was commonly known to be impossible. Over the years the problem has been discussed by many people, including mathematicians and has been demonstrated to be impossible on TV. For extra credit in a math class Britney was given the challenge to fold anything in half 12 times. After extensive experimentation, she folded a sheet of gold foil 12 times, breaking the record. This was using alternate directions of folding. But, the challenge was then redefined to fold a piece of paper. She studied the problem and was the first person to realize the basic cause for the limits. She then derived the folding limit equation for any given dimension. Limiting equations were derived for the case of folding in alternate directions and for the case of folding in a single direction using a long strip of paper. The merits of both folding approaches are discussed, but for high numbers of folds, single direction folding requires less paper. The exact limit for single direction folding case was derived, based on the accumulative limiting effects induced by every layer of paper in the folding process. For the single direction folding case the exact limiting equation is: where L is the minimum possible length of the material, t is material thickness, and n is the number of folds possible in one direction. L and t need to be expressed using the same units. Stringent rules and definitions were defined by Britney for the folding process. One rule is: For a sheet to be considered folded n times it must be convincingly documented and independently verified that (2n) unique layers are in a straight line. Sections that do not meet these criteria are not counted as a part of the folded section. Her equation sums losses inclured with each individual fold. Diagram showing part of a rotational sliding folding sequence In some web pages the limits found by Britney are described as being due to thickness to width ratios of the final folds or attributed to the folder not being strong enough to fold any more times. Both explanations for the limits are incorrect and miss the actual reason for the physical mathematical limit. The actual understanding of the problem involves understanding the simple dynamics of the folding model and the resulting algebra. One interesting discovery was to fold paper an additional time about 4 times as much paper is needed, contrary to the intuition of many that	Puzzles - Coffeetime Triv (Sat) 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? 7: In which film did Roy Scheider play a sheriff and Richard Dreyfus a marine biologist? 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? John Cleese 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? Elton John 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? J.K.Rowling 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? A metronome 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? Red and black 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? Real Madrid Wow! I got a footie and an anagram question. I'm going to need to lie down! 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? Batman? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? Italy 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 15 to 1 Patience, so you did. Well done all three of you only one missing is 7: and 'Marine Biologist' (the new wannabe career for Britain's 6th-formers) might have given it to you - the fiilm was Jaws	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,396	Who wrote the novel 'The Cement Garden'?	Ian McEwan on The Cement Garden, sexual gothic and being in the 'toddlerhood of old age' \| Books \| The Guardian Ian McEwan Ian McEwan on The Cement Garden, sexual gothic and being in the 'toddlerhood of old age' The writer's first novel brought him fame and a reputation for the macabre. As a new production of the book is about to be staged in London, he talks about whether he has lost his bite Ian McEwan: 'The Cement Garden fed into a rather apocalyptic sense of things.' Photograph: Andy Hall Sunday 26 January 2014 14.00 EST First published on Sunday 26 January 2014 14.00 EST Share on Messenger Close Ian McEwan was in Iowa in late 1977, teaching on a writers' workshop, when he got a call out of the blue. An American editor was on the line. She was a fan of his short stories, she said. There were rumours he had just completed his first novel. Would he care to send it? McEwan offers a short, dry laugh. "I said no. I can't imagine what I was doing. And she said: 'Well, what if I got on a plane, stayed with a friend at the workshop, and he happened to leave your novel on the table?' So I said: 'OK.'" A slight pause. "Then she wanted to know what the title was. I had no idea. She said: 'Why don't you call it The Cement Garden ?' I just agreed." He shakes his head. "It hadn't even occurred to me, the business of a title …" The rest is, if not quite history, then at least publishing legend. Just 138 pages long and narrated in the deceptively affectless monotone of a 14-year-old boy called Jack, The Cement Garden tells the story of how he and his three siblings retreat into their own world after the death of their parents . The garden in question may have been concreted over by their father, but it's when their mother dies – and her body requires disposal – that the spare cement comes into its own. Freudians will be able to guess the rest . The book became a cult hit on both sides of the Atlantic, and earned McEwan, as well as a new career as a novelist, an inevitable soubriquet: Ian McAbre. One American critic was wittier: McEwan's fiction, he wrote, paraphrasing Hobbes, was "nasty, British and short". Four decades on, coiled into the corner of a sofa in the formidably tidy lounge of his house in Bloomsbury, London, McEwan could hardly seem less macabre. The sun streams in through the windows as he motions me to sit down. I try to put my finger on who he reminds me of: a studiously unflashy neurologist, perhaps, like the protagonist of his 2005 novel, Saturday. Georgia Clarke-Day and George Mackay rehearsing The Cement Garden at The Vaults, Waterloo. Photograph: Tristram Kenton for the Guardian The universe conjured up by The Cement Garden feels almost unimaginably distant, I say – not least for anyone acclimatised to the more genteel landscapes of McEwan's recent fiction. Where did it come from? "It was the late 70s," he says. "Everyone seemed focused on a sense that we were always at the end of things, that it was all collapsing. London was filthy, semi-functional. The phones didn't work properly, the tube was a nightmare, but no one complained. It fed into a rather apocalyptic sense of things." The book probes some dark places: there are heavy hints of child abuse, and the relationship between Jack and his older sister Julie proves far from innocent (incest is a theme that also occupies McEwan's early short story Homemade ). He shrugs. "I don't know about words like dark. I thought it was funny, too: having a secret like your mum encased in cement in the basement." There is a flicker of a smile. "Maybe that was just me." The Cement Garden is about to be staged by the young company Fallout Theatre , in a new adaptation that preserves all of the menace – and a good deal of the physical horror – of the original. The setting will be appropriately crepuscular, too: former railway tunnels beneath Waterloo station. It's not the first time the book has made its presence felt off the page: in 1993, it was made into a film by writer/director Andrew Birkin , starring Charlotte Gainsbourg as a dangerously playful Julie – the first of se	SF REVIEWS.NET: Pebble in the Sky / Isaac Asimov ☆☆☆☆ Book cover art by Darrell K. Sweet (2nd); John Berkey (3rd). Review © 1998 by Thomas M. Wagner. Pebble in the Sky was Isaac Asimov's first SF novel, which is really a pretty amazing thing to contemplate when you think about it: kind of like knowing what the first brick in the Great Wall of China is. The story is a sheer treat. Though the science may be hopelessly out of date, Pebble nonetheless shows off Asimov's then-developing talents for clarity and accessibility to dazzling effect. Joseph Schwartz is a retiree in post-WW2 America who is out for his morning stroll when he is suddenly transported in mid-step tens of thousands of years into the future, where the Galactic Empire ruled by Trantor is in full-flower, the origins of humanity have become lost and enshrouded in myths and theories bandied about by the myriad human races who have settled across the cosmos, and Earth is nothing more than a "pebble in the sky," a grungy little ghetto world no respectable person would spit upon. Finding himself amongst people whose language and culture he cannot hope to understand, Schwartz is taken to the city of Chica (a pretty obvious bastardization of the name Chicago) where he is made a test subject for a machine called the Synapsifier, which is rumored to increase human learning capacity by increasing synaptic discharges, but which has also had an annoying habit of killing most of the animals it has been tested on to date. It just so happens that, right at this time, an archaeologist from a distant world named Bel Arvardan, a controversial figure for his support of the theory that the Earth is the origin of all human life, has arrived on Earth in order to gather evidence to support his theories. Part of this evidence is the Earth's radioactivity. Life should not be able to evolve on a planet so radioactive. Could there have been a nuclear war at some point that irradiated the planet, thereby establishing that there was human civilization thousands of years before the earth became radioactive at all? (The whole plot element involving Earth's radioactivity is one that Asimov acknowledges is no longer scientifically valid, in an afterword to the Del Rey edition above.) As the plot begins to get deliciously twisted, we learn that the Council of Ancients — the ruling body on Earth who wield a power similar to that of the Roman Catholic Church in medieval times, particularly in regard to a law requiring all citizens to be euthanized at age 60 so that Earth's minimal resources are not taxed by overpopulation — suspects that Arvardan is actually plotting with the Empire to gain control of the Synapsifier for themselves, so that the Empire can enhance its own people with it and crush the Earth once and for all. They also suspect that Schwartz, who has popped up out of nowhere and has no records of any sort, is the first Imperial subject intended by the Empire for Synapsifier treatment. We know that this is all paranoid hogwash (Schwartz was simply taken to the Synapsifier because he couldn't understand any of the language or customs of his new, alien surroundings, and the farm family that took him in assumed he was merely an idiot), but it's a story element that makes the plot wonderfully layered. Starting as a story about time travel, Pebble in the Sky moves through politics, subterfuge, romance and espionage, finally ending up as a grand space opera of interstellar rebellion. It's easy to see why novels like this one and The Caves of Steel put Asimov on the map. These early novels are spun with the effortlessness and near-perfection of a natural talent working at full bloom. Pebble in the Sky cannot help but show its age at many points. One particular thing that nagged me was that for a real SF novel, one in which the science was presumably important, Asimov never really adequately explained how Schwartz got displaced in time in the first place. But I had such a fun time simply reading the story, I was more than happy to ignore its occasional cracks. After all, this book was onl	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,397	In May 1941, who parachuted into Scotland from Germany claiming to be on a peace mission?	May 10, 1941: Nazi Third in Command Parachutes Into Scotland! - History and Headlines May 10, 1941: Nazi Third in Command Parachutes Into Scotland! 1 Comment A Brief History On May 10, 1941, Deputy Fuehrer Rudolf Hess, third in command of Nazi Germany to Adolf Hitler and Hermann Goring, some of history’s most evil people , parachuted into Scotland in an attempt to get Britain to make peace with Germany. Digging Deeper Nazi Number 3 was a far cry from the mythical Aryan “superman” that the Nazi propaganda machine depicted. Although Hess acquitted himself well in World War I, getting wounded a few times and earning an Iron Cross medal, his family lost their business in Egypt (where Hess was born) and he became a right wing radical and ardent anti-semite. Captivated by Adolf Hitler, Hess quickly became one of Hitler’s enthusiastic supporters and even helped Hitler write Mein Kapmf in prison after the failed Beer Hall Putsch coup attempt. When Hitler and the Nazi’s took power in Germany in 1933, Hess was there to become the third ranking Nazi in the government hierarchy. At the outset of World War II when things were going quite well for Germany, Hess found his influence and power base waning, largely to the benefit of the Number 4 Nazi, Martin Bormann, who was supposed to be Hess’s subordinate. The vegetarian and hypochondriac Hess was obsessed with astrology, clairvoyance, and the occult. He was so obsessively concerned about his meals that Hitler no longer wanted Hess around at mealtime! With France fallen and occupied by Germany, Britain being battered by the Luftwaffe from the sky, and the invasion of the Soviet Union imminent, Hess saw the opportunity (or so he thought) to become a hero by going to Britain and brokering a peace with the British, leaving Germany free to deal with the Russians (Soviets) unhindered by a war in the west. Having trained as a pilot, Hess used his position to get an Me-110 twin engine fighter plane equipped with long range fuel tanks assigned to him. With the intention of meeting with Douglas Douglas-Hamilton (the Duke of Hamilton) to talk peace, Hess was under the impression that this man that Hess had never met or spoken to was an opponent of the war with Germany and had enough influence to broker a peace treaty. Both of those assumptions were cracked, indeed. Flying over Britain and avoiding interception by the RAF, Hess parachuted over Scotland and asked to be taken to the Duke of Hamilton. He was instead taken to the “duke of jail” and was incarcerated until after the war when he was tried with the other Nazi’s for war crimes, earning a life sentence. Hitler was in a rage when he heard of the stunt Hess pulled and Germany labeled Hess mentally unbalanced, kind of odd when you remember his high position in their government! Stalin felt the Hess mission was proof of British duplicity in trying to make peace with Germany and leave the USSR on its own. While in custody Hess suffered ever more imaginary health problems, including amnesia, although he lived to age 91 when he hanged himself in Spandau prison. Although the US and UK were willing to release Hess in his old age, the Soviets insisted he remain jailed, and so he did until his suicide. One more example of the not so super Nazi superman. Historical Evidence	Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) Mary, Queen of Scots Although the Stuart family had gained the Scottish throne through Marjory (daughter of Robert the Bruce), Mary became Queen only because all male alternatives had been exhausted. Princess Mary Stuart was born at Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland, on December 7 or December 8, 1542 to King James V of Scotland and his French wife, Marie de Guise. The six-day-old Mary became Queen of Scotland when her father died at the age of thirty. James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran was the next in line for the throne after Mary; he acted as regent for Mary until 1554, when he was succeeded by the Queen’s mother, who continued as regent until her death in 1560. When Mary was only nine months old she was crowned Queen of Scotland in the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle on September 9, 1543. Henry VIII then began his “rough wooing” designed to impose the marriage to his son on Mary. This consisted of a series of raids on Scottish territory and other military actions. It lasted until June 1551, costing over half a million pounds and many lives. In May of 1544, the English Earl of Hertford (later created Duke of Somerset by Edward VI) arrived in the Firth of Forth hoping to capture the city of Edinburgh and kidnap Mary, but Marie de Guise hid her in the secret chambers of Stirling Castle. On September 10, 1547, known as “Black Saturday”, the Scots suffered a bitter defeat at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh. Marie de Guise, fearful for her daughter, sent her temporarily to Inchmahome Priory. The French King, Henri II, was now proposing to unite France and Scotland by marrying the little Queen to his newborn son, the Dauphin François. On July 7, the French Marriage Treaty was signed at a nunnery near Haddington. With her marriage agreement in place, five-year-old Mary was sent to France in 1548 to spend the next ten years at the French court. Vivacious, pretty, and clever (according to contemporary accounts), Mary had a promising childhood. While in the French court, she was a favourite. She received the best available education, and at the end of her studies, she had mastered French, Latin, Greek, Spanish and Italian in addition to her native Scots. She also learned how to play two instruments and learned prose, horsemanship, falconry, and needlework. Under the ordinary laws of succession, Mary was also next in line to the English throne after her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I, who was childless. In the eyes of many Catholics Elizabeth was illegitimate, making Mary the true heir. François died on December 5, 1560. Mary’s mother-in-law, Catherine de Medici, became regent for the late king’s brother Charles IX, who inherited the French throne. Under the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh, signed by Mary’s representatives on July 6, 1560 following the death of Marie of Guise, France undertook to withdraw troops from Scotland and recognise Elizabeth’s right to rule England. The eighteen-year-old Mary, still in France, refused to ratify the treaty. At Holyrood Palace on July 29, 1565, Mary married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, a descendant of King Henry VII of England and Mary’s first cousin. The union infuriated Elizabeth, who felt she should have been asked permission for the marriage to even take place, as Darnley was an English subject. Elizabeth also felt threatened by the marriage, because Mary’s and Darnley’s Scottish and English royal blood would produce children with extremely strong claims to both Mary’s and Elizabeth’s thrones. Before long, Mary became pregnant. Darnley became arrogant and demanded power commensurate with his courtesy title of “King”, and on one occasion Darnley attacked Mary and unsuccessfully attempted to cause her to miscarry their unborn child. Darnley was jealous of Mary’s friendship with her private secretary, David Rizzio. On March 9 a group of the lords, accompanied by Darnley, murdered Rizzio in front of Mary while the two were in conference at Holyrood Palace. Following the birth of their son, James, in 1566, a plot was hatched to remove Darnley. He was	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,398	What two word phrase means the smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction?	nuclear engineering - What is the minimum amount of fissile mass required to acheive criticality? - Physics Stack Exchange What is the minimum amount of fissile mass required to acheive criticality? 1 Wikipedia gives the following definition for critical mass. A critical mass is the smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction. No mention is made of a neutron moderator in this definition. If critical mass is defined like this, then that should allow infinite moderator material to be used if doing so would lead to the minimum amount of fissile material. My question: What is the universally minimum amount of fissile mass needed to achieve a critical configuration (allowing a neutron moderator and no restriction on the moderator) for something like Uranium-235 and what would its configuration be? Uranium-235 has a bare sphere critical mass (BSCM) of around $52 kg$, which is the mass of a critical sphere containing only the fissile material where no neutrons are reflected back into the sphere after leaving the surface. Wikipedia has a good illustration of a bare sphere versus a sphere surrounded by a moderator. Image: First item is a BSCM illustration, 2nd item is a critical sphere that uses less fissile mass than the BSCM due to the introduction of a neutron moderator blanket This example illustrates how a critical configuration can be made with U-235 that uses less than the BSCM, or $52 kg$. It is possible, although unlikely, that the above sphere surrounded by a moderator could be the configuration that answers my question. Alternatives would include a homogenous mixture of the moderator and the fissile material, a mixture of the two that varies radially, or something I have not thought of. The hard part is showing that the particular fissile material/moderator mix can not be improved by any small change. It would also be necessary to show that it can not be improved by adding more than 1 type of moderator (I suspect this could be done with a reasonably short argument). Technical mumbo junbo Everything I write here is just a suggestion, answer however you want to or can Both the moderator and fissile material have a certain density. I would make the simplifying assumption that the density of a homogenous mixture of the fuel and moderator would be a linear combination of their specific volumes, with the understanding that this is not true in real life. Changing the mix changes the macroscopic cross section of both. It might help to note that the BSCM almost exactly determines the macroscopic cross section of the pure fissile material, one over the macroscopic cross section is the path length, which is on the same order of magnitude of the radius. Generally fast and thermal scattering from U-235 is small compared to the fission cross section. I would use 2 neutron energy groups, and assume either diffusion or immediate absorption after scattering to thermal energies. In fact, I would just assume immediate absorption. At that point, all you would need is the scatter to absorption ratio and microscopic cross section at both thermal and fast energies for the moderator and fissile material, in addition to the densities of course. Even then some type of calculus of variations may be necessary (if you're looking for a radially varying mixture) in addition to the fact that it would be hard to describe the fast group without a fairly complicated form of neutron transport. The BSCM is comparatively simple since it has a constant number density of the fissile material and even that is actually pretty complicated. up vote 1 down vote You are correct in assuming that the presence of a moderator (or reflector) can change the mass required for a critical configuration. But there are too many other variables to consider to provide a concise answer to your question. All I can offer is a qualitative explanation: The smallest critical mass would be for a high density spherical core of fissile fuel with a low neutron absorption cross section and high fission cross section surrounded by an in	CityPagesKuwait June 2015 by CityPages Kuwait (page 168) - issuu issuu Issuu on Google+ HOMEWORK FOR GROWN UPS EVERYTHING YOU LEARNED AT SCHOOL... BUT CAN YOU REMEMBER? 2. Which two of these works were written by writers who died within a day of each other on 22/23 April 1616: Don Quixote; Treasure Island; Lord of the Rings; Measure for Measure? 3.Taisho (1st World War), and Heisei (late 1900s/early 2000 - 'the lost decade') are periods of which nation's history? 4. Founded c1940 by art historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner, and still expanding, Pevsner Guides are major reference for British: Porcelain; Architecture; Fashionwear; or Used Cars? 5. Which popular BBC children's TV characters ate 'blue string pudding', The... : Wombles; Clangers; Flower Pot Men; or Krankies? 6. (At early 2000s) the only nation in the world with effectively no shortage of donated human organs, due to a free market in their trade is: India; Japan; USA; or Iran? Why would a tourist most likely visit a country? 1. to take in the sights 2. to write a report for work 3. to give a lecture 4. to look for employment ANSWER: 1.In this question, tourist is a noun that means someone who travels for pleasure. Someone who visits a city, town, or historic site just for the pleasure of exploring it can be described as a tourist. 1. Sugar melted to its hottest confectionery stage naturally produces: Fudge; Butterscotch; Caramel; or Licorice? Test Your Vocabulary When you travel for fun, you're a tourist. Some local inhabitants of vacation destinations might have a negative image of obnoxious, camera-toting tourists, but really they're just travelers who are curious about different parts of the world. Beaches, amusement parks, castles, and big cities are all places you're likely to run into tourists. The term "tourist trap," or a place that exists only to take tourists' money, was first used in 1939 by the novelist Graham Greene. General Knowledge Quiz 7. Invented in 1656, what was the most reliable time-keeping technology until the 1930s: Water clock; Sundial; Quartz oscillator; or Pendulum clock? 8. Michael Ibsen, descendent and 2012 DNA match-proof for English King Richard III, was also (What?) at Richard III's reinterment in 2015: Choirmaster; Casket-maker; Priest; or Police chief? 9. Approximately how many litres of water is required to produce a kilo of grain-fed beef: 50; 300; 1,000; or 15,000? 10. Proposed in 1776, 'E pluribus unum' ('One from many'), is on the national seal and banknotes of which nation? Birthday Puzzle When asked about his birthday, a man said: 11. What is 90% of 90? "The day before yesterday I was only 25 and next year I will turn 28." 12. What medieaval English word for 'expensive food' (due to a famine), came to mean 'a scarcity' (of anything)? This is true only one day in a year - when was he born? 13. What discipline is practised according to Vaganova/Russian, French, and Cecchetti methods? 14. A circle with a 12 metre radius has an area of roughly how many square metres: 27; 68; 179; or 452? 17. Which profession (western world) traditionally wears a toque blanche with a hundred folds? 18. Lawyer Marvin Mitchelson coined what portmanteau term in 1977 when representing actor Lee Marvin's ex-partner? 19. South Korea's national dish 'kimchi' (kimchee/gimchi), with variants in nearby countries, is seasoned aged pickled/fermented: Cabbage; Crocodile; Crab; or Chocolate? 20. "I wandered lonely as a cloud" is William Wordsworth's poem about: Bluebells; Daffodils; Buttercups; or Pansies? ANSWERS: 1. Caramel, 2. Don Quixote and Measure for Measure (respectively by Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare), 3. Japan, 4. Architecture, 5. Clangers, 6. Iran, 7. Pendulum clock, 8. Casket-maker (Ibsen is Richard III's 17th great-grandnephew, and a professional cabinet-maker), 9. 15,000 (compared with c.2,000 for a kilo of rice - and incidentally in addition, grain-fed beef cattle consume about 7kg of grain for every 1kg of beef they yield), 10. USA, 11. 81, 12. Dearth(dear, expensive, plus 'th' creating a noun), 13. Ballet, 14. 452 (452.3893), 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,399	'Meg; Jo; Beth and Amy' is the sub-title to which Louisa May Scott novel?	Little Women by Louisa May Alcott · OverDrive: eBooks, audiobooks and videos for libraries Classic Literature Fiction The beautiful Meg, artistic tomboy Jo, doomed Beth, and selfish Amy: since the publication of Little Women in 1869, these four sisters have become America's most beloved literary siblings. Louisa May Alcott's rich and realistic portrait has inspired three movies and stirred the emotions of countless young girls. Set in New England during the Civil War, the novel follows the adventures of the March sisters as they struggle to pursue their dreams. The illustrations for this series were created by Scott McKowen, who, with his wife Christina Poddubiuk, operates Punch & Judy Inc., a company specializing in design and illustration for theater and performing arts. Their projects often involve research into the visual aspects of historical settings and characters. Christina is a theater set and costume designer and contributed advice on the period clothing for the illustrations. Scott created these drawings in scratchboard an engraving medium which evokes the look of popular art from the period of these stories. Scratchboard is an illustration board with a specifically prepared surface of hard white chalk. A thin layer of black ink is rolled over the surface, and lines are drawn by hand with a sharp knife by scraping through the ink layer to expose the white surface underneath. The finished drawings are then scanned and the color is added digitally.	TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? In Living Color. Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? David Schwimmer. What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? Paul McCartney. What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? Paul McCartney. What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? What's My Line? What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? Mission: Impossible. Consumer News and Business Channel. How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? Eight. What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? Dr. Frasier Crane. What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? Phil Hartman. What MAS*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? Alan Alda. What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? The Discovery Channel. What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? John Tesh. What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? Friends. What MTV twosome are known as "The Bad Boys" in Mexico? Beavis and Butt head. What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail "the size of canned hams"? David Letterman. What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? Sesame Street's. What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? Homicide. What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? Tiny Tim's. What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? Night Court. Who once observed: "This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself"? Mr. Ed. What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? Harpo's. Who began his radio shows with: "Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press"? Walter Winchell. What TV star said of his worldwide fame: "I didn't know I could top Knight Rider"? David Hasselhoff. What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? The Cosby Show. Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? Charles Grodin. What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? All in the Family. What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? Donna Abandando. What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? The Smurfs. What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? The Cosby Show. What Muppet advised: "Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift"? Miss Piggy. What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? Walter Cronkite. What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? Felix the Cat. What's the "dimension of imagination, "according to the host of a classic TV series? The Twilight Zone. Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed a role on ER? George Clooney. What 250-pound star of Hairspray shed half her weight to host a TV talk show? Ricki Lake. What Mayberry resident once hijacked a bull when he'd had too much to drink? Otis Campbell. What four-word TV slogan did Sting add to the Dire Straits hit Money for Nothing? "I want my MTV". What Mary Tyler Moore Show character's blue blazer made it into the Smithsonian? Ted Baxter's. Who was a cheerleader for the San Francisco 49ers before she became TV's Lois Lane? Teri Hatcher. What was Redd Foxx's last name before show business beckoned? Sanford. Who's been Saturday Night Live's most frequent host? Steve Martin. What town did Howdy Doody live in? Doodyville. What sitcom star advised: "It's okay to be fat. So you're fat. Just be fat and shut up about it"? Roseanne. What Richard Chamberlain vehicle is second only to Roots in total viewers for a miniseries? The Thorn Birds. What media award was derived from the slang term for the 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,400	Perdita is a moon of which planet in the Solar System	Moons - Facts about the Moons of the Solar System Moons Eris Moons There are more than 181 moons of the various planets, dwarf planets and asteroid in the solar system. The planets Mercury and Venus do not have any moons and neither does the dwarf planet Ceres. Find out the number of moons each planet has and their names below. Terrestrial Planet Moons The Earth’s Moon – 1 The Earth has a single moon; the Moon sometime also referred to as Luna. The Moon Mars’ Moons – 2 Mars has two moons called Phobos and Deimos. They were discovered in 1877 by astronomer Asaph Hall, who named them for the Latin terms “fear” and “panic”. These moons are thought to be captured asteroids and are among the smallest natural satellites in the solar system. Phobos & Deimos Jupiter’s Moons – 67 Jupiter is swarming with at least 67 moons in orbit around it, the largest number of natural satellites around any of the planets. Jupiter’s 4 largest moons; Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa are known as the Galilean Moons, named after their discoverer Galileo Galilei. They were also observed at about the same time by astronomer Simon Marius. Galilean Moons – Io , Europa , Ganymede & Callisto Inner Moons – Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea & Thebe Other Moons – Themisto, Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, Elara, S/2000 J 11, Carpo, S/2003 J 12, Euporie, S/2003 J 3, S/2003 J 18, S/2011 J 1, S/2010 J 2, Thelxinoe, Euanthe, Helike, Orthosie, Iocaste, S/2003 J 16, Praxidike, Harpalyke, Mneme, Hermippe, Thyone, Ananke, Herse, Aitne, Kale, Taygete, S/2003 J 19, Chaldene, S/2003 J 15, S/2003 J 10, S/2003 J 23, Erinome, Aoede, Kallichore, Kalyke, Carme, Callirrhoe, Eurydome, S/2011 J 2, Pasithee, S/2010 J 1, Kore, Cyllene, Eukelade, S/2003 J 4, Pasiphae, Hegemone, Arche, Isonoe, S/2003 J 9, S/2003 J 5, Sinope, Sponde, Autonoe, Megaclite & S/2003 J 2 Saturn’s Moons – 62 Saturn has at least 62 moons orbiting it, some of them inside the ring system which helps shape the rings. They range from very tiny worlds of less than a kilometer in diameter to spherical moons such as Titan. Their shapes range from irregular worlds to ellipsoidal to almost completely rounded. The first of Saturn’s moons to be observed was Titan in 1655 by Christiaan Huygens, another moon was not found until 1671 when Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovered Iapetus. Two of Saturn’s moons (Janus & Epimetheus) swap orbits every 4 years. Notable Moons – Titan , Enceladus , Iapetus , Rhea , Mimas, Tethys & Dione. Other Moons – S/2009 S 1, Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Epimetheus, Janus, Aegaeon, Methone, Anthe, Pallene, Telesto, Calypso, Helene, Polydeuces, Hyperion, Kiviuq, Ijiraq, Phoebe, Paaliaq, Skathi, Albiorix, S/2007 S 2, Bebhionn, Erriapus, Skoll, Siarnaq, Tarqeq, S/2004 S 13, Greip, Hyrrokkin, Jarnsaxa, Tarvos, Mundilfari, S/2006 S 1, S/2004 S 17, Bergelmir, Narvi, Suttungr, Hati, S/2004 S 12, Farbauti, Thrymr, Aegir, S/2007 S 3, Bestla, S/2004 S 7, S/2006 S 3, Fenrir, Surtur, Kari, Ymir, Loge & Fornjot Uranus’ Moons – 27 Uranus is known to have 27 in orbit around it. The five largest are Puck, Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon. The innermost moons are similar in characteristics with the thin rings. The five largest moons are rounded, and four of them show some kind of internal activity which shapes their surfaces. William Herschel who discovered Uranus in 1781 also observed the largest two moons, Titania and Oberon, in 1787. Notable Moons – Miranda , Titania , Ariel, Umbriel & Oberon Other Moons – Cordelia, Ophelia, Bianca, Cressida, Desdemona, Juliet, Portia, Rosalind, Cupid, Belinda, Perdita, Puck, Mab, Francisco, Caliban, Stephano, Trinculo, Sycorax, Margaret, Prospero, Setebos & Ferdinand Neptune’s Moons – 14 Neptune has at least 14 moons. The largest of these, Triton was discovered by William Lassell in 1846 one day after the discovery of Neptune, it was more than 100 years later before a second moon was found. The most distant moon of Neptune is called Neso, and orbits so far away that it takes 26 years to make one trip around the planet. Notable Moons – Triton , Nereid	Poll system, 2 new trivia lists · Twentysix26/Red-DiscordBot@9ce74b6 · GitHub 75 trivia/2015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +In China in 2015 the record for the longest mating session between two giant pandas was broken at?`18 minutes`18 mins +Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show?`Bike +A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually?`Hum +Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did in 2015?`Eisenhower +Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service in 2015 called? `Tidal +At auction in 2015, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? `American Pie +In 2015 what global contest ruled against the use of swimsuits for its 114 competitors, for the first time since 1951 inception? `Miss World +Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015?`Google +In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age to what?`18`eighteen +The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as?`Camel Flu +Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book?`Fifty Shades of Grey`50 shades of grey +Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?`Rupert Murdoch`murdoch +In 2015 a new North Korean schools curriculum reportedly included that leader Kim Jong-un learnt to drive at age?`3`three +Which car company launched the Avensis model in 2015?`Toyota +In 2015 evidence of water was found on which planet?`Mars +Which 'BRIC' country launched the Astrosat space lab in 2015?`India +Who won the 2015 men's tennis French Open?`Stan Warwinka`warwinka +What company launched the S6 Edge smartphone?`Samsung +Which leading professional networking tech corporation, whose main revenue is selling user access/details to recruiters, bought the Lynda learning company for $1.5bn in 2015?`Linkedin`linked in +'Dismaland' was the temporary theme park/exhibition of which famous 'anonymous' artist?`Banksy +Matthais Muller was made chief of which troubled car company in 2015?`Volkswagen`vw +In 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency suggested banning which nation from the 2016 Olympics?`Russia +The game of Monopoly celebrated what anniversary in 2015?`eighty`80`80th +Name the Princess born 4th in succession to the British throne in 2015, to Britain's Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?`Charlotte +The 2015 Mad Max movie is sub-titled?`Fury Road`mad max: fury road`mad max fury road +The Magna Carta, signed in London, and inspiring constitutional rights globally thereafter, was how many years old in 2015?`eight hundred`800 +In 2015 the Sinabug volcano erupted in what country?`Indonesia +Olav Bjortmont became 2015 world champion in?`Quizzing`quiz +Lars Lokke led his centre-right party to 2015 government election victory in what country?`Denmark +Blackberry's new phone for 2015 was called the...?`Priv +Facebook's new music sharing/streaming feature launched in 2015 was called "Music... "?`Stories +Eddie Jones was appointed head coach of which English sporting team in 2015?`Rugby Union`rugby +According to 2015 survey what fruit was most popular among USA children?`Apples`apple +Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey celebrated what birthday in 2015?`49`fourty-nine`fourty nine`49th +Jon Snow was killed off in what TV series in 2015, adapted from GRR Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'?`Game of Thrones +Finance minister Yanis Yaroufakis caused comment for not wearing a tie in February 2015 when negotiating the debts for which nation?`Greece +What nation hosted the 2015 Women's World (soccer) Cup?`Canada +What iconic equine-alluding company, in countless books/films/cowboy holsters, filed for bankruptcy in 2015?`Colt +Due to a 2015 contamination scandal in India/Afica, which corporation destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi noodles?`Nestle +How many years old was the McDonalds fast food company in 2015?`60`sixty +It was announced in 2015 that Alexander Hamilton would be replaced on?`$10 bill`$10`tendollars`ten dollar bill`ten	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,401	Which body of water separates East Malaysia from West Malaysia?	What Are the Major Landforms in Malaysia? \| USA Today What Are the Major Landforms in Malaysia? Malaysia's many islands feature pristine tropical beaches. (Photo: Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images ) Famous Landforms in India The nation of Malaysia consists of two separate landmasses separated by the South China Sea. Peninsular Malaysia, sometimes known as West Malaysia, lies just south of Thailand on the tip of the Malay Peninsula. Across the water, East Malaysia occupies most of the northern third of the island of Borneo and includes the states of Sabah and Sarawak. Indonesia administers the rest of Borneo. Coastal Plains Coastal plains ring the edge of Peninsular Malaysia, bordering the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Mangroves dominate the western coast. These evergreen forests are found in marshy, saline, tropical tidal areas, with trees characterized by prominent root structures. In contrast, the eastern coast features rocky headlands interspersed with sandy beaches, as well as a few lagoons. Hundreds of tiny islands lie just offshore. On Borneo, peat swamps fringe much of the shoreline, receding into lowlands consisting of firmer ground further inland. Mountains in Peninsular Malaysia The coastal plains rise into rainforest-covered hills and mountains as you travel further into the interior. In West Malaysia, the Titiwangsa Mountains form the spine of the peninsula. To the northwest, the Bintang Mountains extend into southern Thailand. Paralleling the Titiwangsa Mountains, the Tahan Range includes the highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia: Mount Tahan, which rises to 7,175 feet. Unlike many other Malaysian mountains, Tahan is mostly barren and treeless. Mountains in East Malaysia East Malaysia features some of the highest mountains in this region of Asia. On the northern neck of Borneo, the Crocker Range in the province of Sabah is where you will find the 13,455-foot Mount Kinabalu, the highest peak in either section of Malaysia as well in Borneo Kinabalu's black granite cliffs escalate to a flat plateau-like summit. Other mountain ranges in East Malaysia include the Trus Madi Mountains, the Kelabit Highlands and the Hose Mountains. Volcano Malaysia is home to one volcano that possesses the potential to become active. The dormant Bombalai volcano, also in Sabah, rises near the border with Indonesia. This cinder cone volcano includes a crater nearly 1,000 feet in diameter. Two lava flows extend down from the volcano's slopes toward the coastline beyond. Geologists estimate that the last eruption occurred approximately 27,000 years ago. References	1511st (2) by Mike Hall (page 23) - issuu issuu IN THE KNOW INTERACTIVE Trivia Quiz If you think you’ve got what it takes to beat our monthly brain buster, take our quiz and prove your intellectual talents! 1 What code name was given to Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain during the Second World War? 11 12 Which country only switched to the modern Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1927? Olibanum is the Medieval Latin alternative English word for which Biblical aromatic resin? The splanchnocranium refers to the bones of which defining part of the human body? 13 Which city, mythically founded by a twin saved by a shewolf, was built on the seven hills, east of the River Tiber called Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal and Viminal? 3 Used to measure the height of horses, how many inches are there in one hand? 14 On which Mediterranean island is the famous nightlife holiday resort of Magaluf? 4 5 Apiphobia is the fear of what creatures? What are metal rope-fixings on a boat and cyclist's shoes? Occurring twice yearly, what name is given to a day consisting of twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness? 6 Which country is the natural habitat of the emu? 16 How many times does the second-hand of a clockwork clock 'tick' (move) while the hour hand completes one full rotation? 7 8 17 What's the common technical term for the removal of a president from office, due to wrongdoing? How many hurdles are there in a 400 metres hurdles race? 18 Which famous corporate logo changed to a flat colour/colour sans serif font in its first major change since 1999? K'ung Futse (Venerated Master Kong) is better known as which major philosopher and religious founder? 9 19 Japan's NTT DoCoMo mobile phone company developed which texting icon 'pictograph' series, Japanese for 'picture' and 'character'? 20 The flags of China, Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Greenland and Bangladesh share what common feature? 1. Operation Sea Lion. 2. Turkey. 3. Four. 4. Bees. 5. Equinox. 6. Australia. 7. Ten. 8. Google. 9. Emoji. 10. Geronimo. 11. Frankincense. 12. Face. 13. Rome. 14. Majorca. 15. Cleats. 16. 43,200 (12 hours x 60 minutes x 60 second 'ticks'). 17. Impeachment. 18. Confucius. 19. Mexico City. 20. Sun. Answers: 10 What Native American Apache Indian chief 's name became an exclamation of exhilaration? What's the largest capital city without a river, and also the oldest capital of its continent? November15 TalkMagazine	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,402	Today marks the birthday of Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, born Lhamo Dondrub, the 14th Spiritual leader of Tibet who fled to India in 1959, better known as whom?	14th Dalai Lama, Lhamo Dondrub - TheXtraordinary 14th Dalai Lama, Lhamo Dondrub By: Peter Horsfield The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is a living paradox; he upholds compassion and nonviolence while battling for his people’s rights. While his right foot was on the pulpit teaching the Buddhist canon, his left rested on the seat of the Tibetan government. Nihilobstat.info Nihilobstat.info Support Why 14th Dalai Lama, Lhamo Dondrub is Extraordinary There were 13 Dalai Lamas before him, but Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, or simply “Tenzin Gyatso,” may be the most loved and decorated of them all. Because of the belief that Dalai Lamas are reincarnated beings of their god, the 14th Dalai Lama must be considered the best of his reborn self. But, really, the 14th Dalai Lama is different in many ways, perhaps because he was born at a chaotic time which called for an extraordinary spiritual and political leader to inspire the oppressed Tibetan people. The 14th Dalai Lama’s Contribution to Tibetan Buddhism If one’s people were uprooted from where they call home, leading them to a strange land would require all the power in the world to avoid bloodshed and keep them hopeful. Indeed, Tenzin Gyatso preserved not only the lives of his people, but also their culture and heritage. How can such a small government persevere while antagonizing one of the largest countries in the world? Tenzin Gyatso made all the difference. The Dalai Lama cannot deny his people the better life they rightly deserve; but when his faith and their culture were put on the line, the Dalai Lama chose to stand by his people, even when it meant going against a giant – and a violent one at that. But the Dalai Lama preaches compassion and nonviolence, so he opted to take his people out of the land to exemplify how to treat enemies. While he did not intend to endanger Tibetan lives, he could not watch their identity get corrupted. Between pleasing a tyrant and serving his people, he chose the nobler [but more perilous] path. They took refuge in India, where they started rebuilding their lives and rewriting their history. The Dalai Lama displayed the true mark of a leader; he did not buckle under pressure, and even managed to provide sources of income and education to his people while encouraging them to live peacefully as aliens in India. He did all of this in his early twenties, not to mention holding the highest seat in their government at only 15 years old due to Tibet’s need for a spiritual leader. Regardless of age, the 14th Dalai Lama became a source of inspiration and embodied the Buddhist tenets without compromising his country’s freedom. Only a skilled, natural leader could have pulled it off. Achievements as a Political and Spiritual Leader His efforts to maintain peace and order certainly earned him the respect of his people. In 1989, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Since its exodus in 1959, Tibet has remained to be the only country governed in exile. Although they were living in a strange land, the Tibetan people never lost hope. His work even made way for Tibet to become known all over the world. Amidst all that, the Dalai Lama has no mean words against their oppressors; he is willing to forgive and work alongside them for the sake of his people. Tibetans may be living as aliens in Dharamsala, but they need not be on their own soil to know what it means to live freely. The Dalai Lama has used his influence to rally for the support of nations for years. While he knows that he is fighting for justice, he is well aware of how dirty politics can be. But as long as he is there to cast light to his people, they will never get lost. In spite of what he has accomplished, he still humbly thinks of himself as a “simple monk.” Apparently, humility is another virtue he has also mastered. Top Reasons why 14th Dalai Lama, Lhamo Dondrub is Extraordinary He holds over 50 honorary degrees! At only 15 years old, he assumed full political power over Tibet as the 14th Dalai Lama. At 19 years old, he was elected Deputy Chairman of the Standing Comm	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,403	Where do Walloons come from?	Fleming and Walloon \| people \| Britannica.com Fleming and Walloon Camille Huysmans Fleming and Walloon , members of the two predominant cultural and linguistic groups of modern Belgium . The Flemings, who constitute more than half of the Belgian population, speak Dutch (sometimes called Netherlandic), or Belgian Dutch (also called Flemish by English-speakers), and live mainly in the north and west. The Walloons, who make up about one-third of the Belgian population, speak dialects of French and live chiefly in the south and east. The religion of the vast majority of both groups is Roman Catholicism . Originally, the area of Belgium was a part of Gaul in Roman times and was inhabited by Romanized Celts . Gradually the land was infiltrated by groups of Gothic Germans, until finally in the 3rd and 4th centuries ce a new wave of Germans, the Salic Franks , began pressing down from the northeast. Eventually they pushed back the Romans and took up a line generally corresponding to the present north-south division between Flemings and Walloons, a natural line of formerly dense forests. Only later, in the 5th century, after the withdrawal of the Roman frontier garrisons, did many Franks push on southward and settle much of Gaul proper. The northern Franks retained their Germanic language (which became modern Dutch), whereas the Franks moving south rapidly adopted the language of the culturally dominant Romanized Gauls, the language that would become French . The language frontier between northern Flemings and southern Walloons has remained virtually unchanged ever since, although there are Dutch speakers in the south and French speakers in the north. The linguistic boundary is minutely demarcated by law and passes roughly east-west across north-central Belgium on a line just south of the capital city, Brussels . North of the line, all public signs and government publications must be in Dutch, which has official status. The same situation prevails for French south of the line. In Brussels, which is officially bilingual, all signs and publications must be in both languages. Much of the history of modern Belgium consists of the struggle of the country’s Flemish-speaking community to gain equal status for its language and to acquire its fair share of political influence and economic opportunity in a society that was dominated largely by Walloons after the country achieved independence in 1830. In the 20th century the Flemings were successful in obtaining legislation to further these aims, but their linguistic and other differences with the Walloons remain a source of social friction. Learn More in these related articles: in Netherlands	History See Timeline page for a chronological list of events from Warrington's past. Veratinum, Woeringtun, Walintune, Werynton, Weryngton, Wherington, Werinton, Warington Don't panic Mister Mainwaring, my computer hasn't flipped! These are simply old variant spellings of Warrington. Warrington is an industrial town in the north west of England with a population of 202,228 (2011 Census, 191,084 in the 2001 Census). It is situated on the River Mersey mid-way between Liverpool and Manchester. Its historical setting is in the county of Lancashire, but administrative changes by the government in 1974 meant that Warrington came under Cheshire County Council. Warrington became a Unitary Authority on 1 April, 1998. But the boundaries themselves haven't changed. The town is still in Lancashire. So although I was born in Lancashire in the 1960s, and haven't moved out of town, my mailing address is now Cheshire! The name Warrington comes from the word "werid" meaning ford, "ford town", the town on the ford.* The Romans called their settlement at Wilderspool Veratinum when they moved to the area in about AD 79, although there is no absolute evidence for this name. They left in about AD 410. The Anglo-Saxons moved in after the Romans. The town is called WALINTUNE in the Domesday Survey of 1086. Mark Olly in his book, Celtic Warrington and Other Mysteries (Book 2) (Churnet Valley Books) says that Walintune is made up of three Old English words: WALH, WEALD OR WAL(L) - "Welshman, Briton, foreigner, serf or slave" IEG or EG - "Island, peninsula, dry area in a fen, well-watered land" TUNE or TUN - "enclosure, enclosed dwelling, farmstead, hamlet, village, estate and manor". But there are also other theories on the Warrington name. "Waer" is the personal name of a local ruler or chieftain, combined with "tun" a homestead or settlement. This then gives "Waerstun" or Waer's settlement. Another theory is based on the Anglo-Saxon word "Waering" meaning a weir or dam. "Waering" combined with "tun" gives us "Waeringtun", the settlement of the weirs on the river. But according to information I was given in connection with my show on www.radiowarrington.co.uk in 2012, there is another theory - connected to the Vikings. You can read more at http://wire-lect.blogspot.co.uk . In particular we have "Vǫrr-ing-tun" "Place to moor the boats". *Please note that I am no expert in language or word origins and present these theories for reference (and there may be others). Many people still hold Warrington as belonging to Lancashire - and as some say, you can take Warrington out of Lancashire if you like but you'll never take the Warrington-born Lancashire folk out of Warrington. And there's nothing to stop you putting Warrington, Lancashire on your return address, as long as you use the post code. A good website for keeping the original Lancashire intact is The Friends of Real Lancashire (www.forl.co.uk). Another website you might find useful on the subject is The Association of British Counties www.abcounties.co.uk . For a short period of time, the word 'Lancashire' was added to the sign above, but later removed. Photo taken December 2011. Having said all that, this website concentrates on events that happen within those extended 1974 boundary changes. The local press often feature stories about Daresbury and Lewis Carroll, but Daresbury is administered by Halton Council, not Warrington - and that is why Lewis Carroll is not featured in Warrington People , even though he often visited Walton Hall estate and the Greenall family. The same goes for Moore village: it is outside the boundary of Warrington, but Moore Nature Reserve is within it, and therefore featured in Warrington Green . If the boundaries ever changed again I will reflect those changes on this website. Warrington townsfolk are known as "Warringtonians". The first crossing point of the River Mersey was at Latchford, by way of a ford. See On The Waterfront for more. For centuries it was the only point west of Stretford, now in Greater Manchester, where a bridge could b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,404	Who was the first singer to win the Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland?	Eurovision Winners Videos - 1960s 1960s 1969 - Joint Winners! France, Netherlands, Spain, UK The Eurovision Song Contest in 1969 was the first time that the contest resulted in a tie for first place, with four countries each gaining 18 votes. Since there was at the time no rule to cover such an eventuality, all four countries were declared joint winners. Had the later tie-break rule been in place (i.e. the song receiving votes from the most countries, then the song receiving the most high votes in case of another tie), France would have been the overall winner. France - Frida Boccara, "Un Jour, Un Enfant" "Un jour, un enfant" ("A Day, a Child") was one of four winning songs in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969, this one being sung in French by Frida Boccara representing France. The other three winners were Salomé representing Spain with "Vivo cantando", Lulu representing the United Kingdom with "Boom Bang-a-Bang" and Lenny Kuhr representing the Netherlands with "De troubadour". The song was performed fourteenth on the night, following Germany's Siw Malmkvist with "Primaballerina" and preceding Portugal's Simone de Oliveira with "Desfolhada portuguesa". At the close of voting, it had received 18 points, placing equal first in a field of 16. The song is a classical ballad, describing the wonders of the world as seen by a child. Boccara recorded the song in five languages, French, English (as "Through the Eyes of a Child"), German ("Es schlägt ein Herz für dich", translated: "A Heart Beats for You"), Spanish ("Un día, un niño", translated: "A Day, a Child") and Italian ("Canzone di un amore perduto", translated: "Song of a Lost Love"). Netherlands - Lennie Kuhr, "De Troubadour" "De troubadour" ("The troubadour"), sung in Dutch by Lenny Kuhr representing the Netherlands, was – together with "Boom Bang-a-Bang", "Un jour, un enfant", and "Vivo cantando" from, respectively, the United Kingdom, France, and Spain – one of the four winners of the Eurovision Song Contest 1969. In a ballad inspired both musically and lyrically by folk-song traditions, Kuhr sings about a troubadour of the Middle Ages, describing the impact the music has on his audiences. Kuhr also recorded the song in English (as "The troubadour"), French ("Le troubadour"), German ("Der troubadour"), Italian ("Un canta storie") and Spanish ("El trovador"). The 1969 Contest was controversially held in Madrid, Spain during Francisco Franco's dictatorship; 5 years after the Contest, Kuhr also recorded the song with revised Dutch lyrics, then retitled "De generaal" ("The general"), which was a homage to the Dutch national socker coach Rinus Michaels, who was called "De Generaal" by the players of the Dutch team. The song was performed eighth on the night, following the United Kingdom's Lulu with "Boom Bang-a-Bang" and preceding Sweden's Tommy Körberg with "Judy, min vän". By the close of voting, it had received 18 points, placing it equal first in a field of 16. The Netherlands thus achieved the rare feat of going from (equal) last to (equal) first in the space of one year. Spain - Salome, "Vivo Cantando" "Vivo cantando" (Spanish pronunciation: ['bißo kan'tando], "I Live Singing") was one of four songs which tied for first place in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969. Performed in Spanish by Salomé for Spain, the song was joint winner with the United Kingdom's "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, "De troubadour" by Lenny Kuhr representing the Netherlands, and "Un jour, un enfant" sung for France by Frida Boccara. It was Spain's second winning entry in the contest and the last to date. The song is a very up-tempo number, sung from the perspective of a woman telling her lover about the positive changes he has had on her, specifically that she now lives her life singing. Two memorable aspects of the performance were Salomé's costume – a pantsuit covered in long strands of porcelain resembling beads – and the fact that the singer chose to dance on the spot during certain parts of the song. Dancing was against Eurovision Song Contest regulations at the time; Salomé was not pena	Westlife \| New Music And Songs \| Westlife About Westlife Formed in Dublin in 1998, Westlife followed in the tradition of European boy bands like Take That and Boyzone. The group performed ballads and club-worthy pop songs for a devoted European audience, becoming one of the continent's most successful bands in the process. Although they never managed to find American success, Westlife released six platinum-selling records in the U.K. and eventually sold more than 40 million albums worldwide, a feat that helped them eclipse the popularity of pop titans like Boyzone, whose lead singer had managed the band during its infancy. Vocalists Shane Filan, Kian Egan, and Mark Feehily first performed together in another pop group, IOYOU, and experienced their first brush with success when Simon Cowell considered signing them to BMG. The group's other singers didn't make the cut, however, and a new round of auditions was launched to find more capable members. Nicky Byrne and Bryan McFadden were eventually added, the group was signed, and Westlife began prepping its debut album with the help of Louis Walsh, Boyzone's manager, and Boyzone member Ronan Keating. Their debut single, "Flying Without Wings," entered the U.K. charts at number one in 1999, a feat that Westlife replicated one year later with "Seasons in the Sun" and "Swear It Again." All three songs were also released on the group's self-titled debut, which was met with similar success and went platinum in the U.K. An American release followed in early 2000 courtesy of Arista Records. Westlife never managed to make a dent in America’s pop scene, where national acts like the Backstreet Boys, *NSYNC, and Britney Spears reigned supreme. It was a different story in the U.K., though, where the group charted 14 number one singles and continued releasing hit albums. Both Coast to Coast and A World of Our Own went multi-platinum, and the group celebrated its success by releasing a hits compilation, Unbreakable, Vol. 1: The Greatest Hits, in 2002. Turnaround followed in 2003 and fared similarly well, but Bryan McFadden nevertheless left the lineup one later year in the hopes of launching his own career. “Real to Me,” his first single as a solo artist, topped the charts in 2004. Westlife continued touring after McFadden’s exit and released Allow Us to Be Frank, a tribute to the Rat Pack, in late 2004. They returned to their contemporary pop formula with 2005’s Face to Face -- their biggest-selling album in three years -- and continued releasing material throughout the rest of the decade, including The Love Album, Back Home, and Where We Are. In November 2010, Westlife released Gravity, their tenth studio album. Following the release of single "Safe", the band announced they would be leaving Simon Cowell's label Syco. Citing a lack of support from Cowell following Syco's unwillingness to release a second single from Gravity, the group signed a one-album deal with RCA Records. A Greatest Hits album was then released a year after Gravity, featuring four new songs that would turn out to be band's last as they announced they were to split following a farewell tour. Sold out in minutes, the tour was a huge success, ending on 23 June, 2012 at Croke Park Stadium in Dublin, Ireland, in front of a crowd of over 80,000. ~ Andrew Leahey, Rovi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,405	How many red stripes are there on the national flag of Puerto Rico?	The Flag of Puerto Rico \| District of Puerto Rico The Flag of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Flag The Flag of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is rectangular in shape and consists of five alternating horizontal stripes, three red and two white, with an isosceles triangle with a five-pointed white star in the center based on the hoist side. The three red stripes represent the blood that nourishes the three branches of government, the two white stripes represent individual liberty and the rights of man which maintain the balance among the three branches of government. The white star represents the Commonwealth, the blue triangle represents the sky and the ocean, and the three sides of the triangle represent the three branches of the Commonwealth’s republican form of government. The flag’s design is based on the Cuban flag with the red and blue colors inverted. The shade of blue used for the triangle depends on who is asked. One may see flags with the dark blue, such as the flag displayed, a sky blue (“azul celeste”) or royal blue triangle. There is no “official” shade of blue. There are three versions of the origin of the Flag of Puerto Rico. It appears to be undisputed that the flag was presented on December 22, 1895 at Chimney Hall in New York by Juan de Mata Terreforte, a veteran of the “Grito de Lares,” to a group of 59 Puerto Rican exiles who comprised the Puerto Rican section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. Nevertheless, the identity of the person who proposed that the new Flag of Puerto Rico be similar to the Cuban flag with inverted colors is open to question. It is said, however, that the true shade of blue of the flag’s triangle is dark (Navy) blue. Red, white and dark blue are characteristic of the republican national colors (flags) in Europe during the 19th century, influenced by the tri-color of the First French Republic. The tri-color was in turn influenced by the colors of the newly established Republic of the United States. The Cuban flag was designed in New York by General Narciso López for his failed invasion of Cuba in 1851, the purpose of which was to annex Cuba to the United States. The blue on that flag was a dark shade. This first Cuban flag with the dark blue stripes was adopted by the Constitutional Assembly which proclaimed the Armed Republic of Cuba in Camagüey in 1869. José Martí used the same flag as the flag of the Cuban Revolutionary Party in 1892. Eventually, that flag was designated as the official flag of Cuba in 1903. The blue in all those Cuban flags was Navy blue, so it stands to reason that when the flag of Puerto Rico was adopted in 1895 (with the colors of the Cuban flag inverted) the triangle’s shade of blue was dark (Navy). Some suggest, based on correspondence between Terreforte and Domingo Collazo, a member of the Club Borínquen, affiliated with the Cuban Revolutionary Party, that the idea of inverting the colors of the Cuban flag for the Flag of Puerto Rico came from Francisco Gonzalo (“Pachín”) Marín. Others claim that the idea came to Antonio Vélez-Alvarado, who wrote that “the colors appeared inverted before my eyes . . . on June 11, 1890 or 1891,” and that it “immediately it occurred to me that with those colors of the Cuban flag, inverted as I had seen them, the Flag of Puerto Rico could be fashioned.” Still another version is that Manuel Besosa, one of the directors of the Puerto Rican section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, was the person who proposed that the Flag of Puerto Rico be modeled after the Cuban flag, with colors inverted, when Terreforte’s proposal that the Flag of Betances (Grito de Lares Flag) be adopted as the Flag of Puerto Rico was defeated by vote of the members of the Directorate of the Puerto Rican section. The members of the Directorate then requested that Besosa create an inverted colors flag to be presented to the members of the Puerto Rican section. He in turn asked his daughter, María Manuela (“Mima”) Besosa, to sew the flag. It was this small (8-inch by 5-inch) flag that Terreforte presented at Chimney Hall on December 22, 1895 and there adopted unan	Flags Ashmore and Cartier Islands : The flag of Australia is used Austria : Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red Anguilla : Blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below Bahrain : Red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side Barbados : Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident) Botswana : Light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center Bermuda : Red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag Belgium : Three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France Bahamas, The : Three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side Bangladesh : Green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam Belize : Blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland Bosnia and Herzegovina : A wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle Bolivia : Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band Burma : Red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions Benin : Two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side Belarus : Red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears the Belarusian national ornament in red Solomon Islands : Divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green Navassa Island : The flag of the US is used Brazil : Green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress) Bassas da India : The flag of France is used Bhutan : Divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side Bulgaria : Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,406	Found near Woodbridge, Suffolk what is the name of the Anglo Saxon burial site, excavated in 1939, which contained a ship and other priceless artefacts?	Sutton Hoo, Suffolk: On the trail of the Anglo-Saxons - Telegraph UK Sutton Hoo, Suffolk: On the trail of the Anglo-Saxons Seventy years ago, the owner of a Suffolk estate invited guests to celebrate the unearthing of a 'Viking' ship on her land. Little did she know it would turn out to be one of the most important Anglo-Saxon finds of the century. Image 1 of 2 'When I visit, the surrounding meadow is shimmering with heat, as it would have been in that long hot summer before the war' Photo: JOHN ROBERTSON	Recent blog posts - Whisky News Whisky News News This month Charles reviews The Bowmore Black Rock, exclusive to travel retail. Islay Shipwrecks by Peter Moir and Ian Crawford makes for grim reading [Google 'Islay Shipwrecks' to see a summary of the book]. Literally hundreds of ships have gone down around the island from Viking times to the present day: the book describes 41 from between 1851 and 1974, but these are only the visible ones or those with remains which can be inspected by divers. The island lies to the north-east of the North Channel, the main artery for shipping between the Western Approaches from the Atlantic and the Clyde and Northern England ports. The prevailing winds are south-westerly – making Islay a dreaded ‘lee shore’ – and when this is combined with heavy tides, treacherous water and many off-shore and in-shore hazards, it is little wonder that the island becomes the final resting place of so many ships. The Black Rock is one such hazard. This fearsome tidal reef - a sgeir in Gaelic - is located in Loch Indaal, within sight of the distillery. It is illustrated on the bottle’s carton and has inspired the name of this expression of Bowmore, as part of a range... News This month Charles reviews The Glenlivet, Nàdurra First Fill Selection, exclusive to travel retail. The release of a new Nàdurra is always a matter for celebration. Last year's was drawn from Spanish oak ex-sherry casks; this year's follows the earlier batches in being drawn from first fill American white oak ex-bourbon casks. The distinguishing factor in the range is that each batch is small. I have been unable to find out just how many casks went into this expression, but they are all ‘first fill’ – they have never before been used to mature Scotch whisky. As a result the casks are very ‘active’: they impart an unusually high level of the flavours associated with American white oak – particularly vanilla and coconut.As the brand became more widely available it won several highly prestigious awards, including a double gold at the 2011 San Francisco World Spirits Competition, gold medals at the 2011 and 2012 International Wine & Spirits Awards and silver medals at the 2011 and 2012 International Spirits Challenge. The whisky is bottled at the higher strength of 48%ABV, which allows Alan Winchester, The Glenlivet’s Master Distiller, to bottle it without chill-filtration. This is important. Chill-filtration is a process which removes compounds... News This month Charles reviews the Oban Little Bay, exclusive to travel retail. 'Oban' is easy to say and order in the bar or the liquor store. There is no doubt that this has helped introduce this excellent malt to many, who have now become devotees – especially in the United States, which is the brand's principal market. Bruichladdich, Bunnahabhain, Auchroisk, Etc. eat your hearts out…! Now Diageo are releasing a new expression of Oban. It’s named Little Bay and is a translation of the place-name (according to Wikipedia), although my Gaelic dictionary tells me that although Òb is Gaelic for a ‘creek’ or ‘haven’, ‘little’ is beag. (ban is used mainly to indicate ‘female’). Anyhow, you get the picture. Oban Bay is certainly a ‘haven’ – a lovely, sheltered bay, protected to the south and west by the island of Kerrera, and to the east by the mainland, with a peninsula surmounted by the ruins of Dunollie Castle guarding it from northern gales. This headland has been fortified since the Bronze Age, and humans have taken shelter in Oban Bay since Stone Age times: in 1890 a cave was discovered behind Oban Distillery while the guys were blasting... News This month Charles reviews the travel exclusive Mortlach Special Strength. Mortlach Distillery is discreetly situated in a wooded glen on the southern edge of Dufftown – the first licensed distillery in the town which would become the ‘whisky capital’ of Speyside, with eight distilleries – and draws its water from ‘Highlander John’s Well’, much esteemed by illicit distillers. It was founded in 1824 by one James Findlater, but he soon r	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,407	Which chemical element can exist in white, red, violet, or black forms?	Allotropes - Chemistry Encyclopedia - structure, reaction, elements, metal, gas, number, name, molecule Allotropes - Chemistry Encyclopedia Figure 1. Elements that exist as allotropes. B Bi Po Allotropes are different forms of the same element. Different bonding arrangements between atoms result in different structures with different chemical and physical properties. Allotropes occur only with certain elements, in Groups 13 through 16 in the Periodic Table. This distribution of allotropic elements is illustrated in Figure 1. Group 13 Boron (B), the second hardest element, is the only allotropic element in Group 13. It is second only to carbon (C) in its ability to form element bonded networks. Thus, in addition to amorphous boron, several different allotropes of boron are known, of which three are well characterized. These are red crystalline α -rhombohedral boron, black crystalline β -rhombohedral boron (the most thermodynamically stable allotrope), and black crystalline β -tetragonal boron. All are polymeric and are based on various modes of condensation of the B 12 icosahedron (Figure 2). Group 14 In Group 14, only carbon and tin exist as allotropes under normal conditions. For most of recorded history, the only known allotropes of carbon were diamond and graphite. Both are polymeric solids. Diamond forms hard, clear, colorless crystals, and was the first element to have its structure determined by x-ray diffraction. It has the highest melting point and is the hardest of the naturally occurring solids. Graphite, the most thermodynamically stable form of carbon, is a dark gray, waxy solid, used extensively as a lubricant. It also comprises the "lead" in pencils. The diamond lattice (Figure 3a) contains tetrahedral carbon atoms in an infinite three-dimensional network. Graphite is also an infinite three-dimensional network, but it is made up of planar offset layers of trigonal carbons forming fused hexagonal rings (Figure 3b). The C-C bonds within Figure 2. B 12 icosahedron. Figure 3a. Portion of the structure of diamond. This structure repeats infinitely in all directions. a layer are shorter than those of diamond, and are much shorter than the separation between the graphite layers. The weak, nonbonding, interaction between the layers, allowing them to easily slide over each other, accounts for the lubricating properties of graphite. Diamond and graphite are nonmolecular allotropes of carbon. A range of molecular allotropes of carbon (the fullerenes) has been known since the discovery in 1985 of C 60 (Figure 4). The sixty carbon atoms approximate a sphere of condensed five- and six-membered rings. Although initially found in the laboratory, fullerenes have since been shown to occur in nature at low concentrations. C 60 and C 70 are generally the most abundant and readily isolated fullerenes. In 1991 carbon nanotubes were discovered. They are more flexible and stronger than commercially available carbon fibers, and can be conductors or semiconductors. Although the mechanism of their formation has not been determined, they can be thought of as the result of "rolling up" a section of a graphite sheet and capping the ends with a hemisphere of C 60 , C 70 , or another molecular allotrope fragment. Five- or seven-membered rings can be incorporated among the six-membered rings, leading to an almost infinite range of helical, toroidal, and corkscrew-shaped tubes, all with different mechanical strengths and conductivities. Figure 3b. Portion of the structure of graphite. This structure repeats infinitely in all directions. Figure 4. A fullerene allotrope of C 60 . Tin is a relatively low melting (232°C) material that exists in two allotropic forms at room temperature and pressure, α -Sn (gray tin) and β -Sn (white tin). α -Sn is the stable form below 13°C and has the diamond structure (Fig	Helium»the essentials [WebElements Periodic Table] Element News Helium: the essentials Helium is one of the so-called noble gases. Helium gas is an unreactive, colourless, and odourless monoatomic gas. Helium is available in pressurised tanks. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen. α-particles are doubly ionised helium atoms, He2+. Helium is used in lighter than air balloons and while heavier than hydrogen, is far safer since helium does not burn. Speaking after breathing an atmosphere rich in helium results in a squeaky voice (don't try it!). Helium is present in the atmosphere at about 0.0005% (1 part in 200000) by volume and is an important component within hydrocarbon gases in the USA. Its origin in these gases is traced to the decay of radioactive elements in rocks. Emma's first birthday balloon is filled with helium and so rises in air. Helium: historical information Helium was discovered by Sir William Ramsay and independently by N. A. Langley and P. T. Cleve in 1895 at London, England and Uppsala, Sweden. Origin of name : from the Greek word "helios" meaning "sun". A French astronomer, Pierre-Jules-César Janssen (1824-1907), first obtained evidence for the existence of helium during the solar eclipse of 1868 in India when he detected a new yellow line (587.49 nm) in the solar spectrum very close to the yellow sodium D-line. It was not possible to produce this line in the laboratory. Sir Norman Lockyer (1836-1920), an English astronomer, recognised that no known element at that time gave this line and named the element helium for the sun. For many years helium was regarded as an element that might exist on the sun although it was unknown on the Earth. Spectroscopists at the time doubted the results concerning helium. However the claims initiated a search for the new element on planet earth. In 1895, Sir William Ramsay discovered helium after treating cleveite, a uranium mineral, with mineral acids. Ramsey sent samples of the gas to Sir William Crookes and Sir Norman Lockyer who identified helium. It was discovered independently in clevite by Cleve and Langley at about the same time. Lockyer and Professor Edward Frankland suggested the name helium. Helium around us Read more » Helium has no biological role. Helium is present in the atmosphere at about 0.0005% (1 part in 200000) by volume and is an important component within hydrocarbon gases in the USA. Its origin in these gases is traced to the decay of radioactive elements in rocks. Some minerals contain occluded helium and this can be liberated by heating. Some rocks consist of minerals which contain uranium and potassium. These decay to helium and argon and analysis of these gases can be used to determine the age of the rock. The bulk of the western world's supply is obtained from wells in the USA. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. It is very common in the hotter stars. It is an important component in the proton-proton reaction and the carbon cycle in stars. Abundances for helium in a number of different environments. More abundance data » Location Second ionisation energy : 5250.5 kJ mol‑1 Isolation Isolation : there is very little helium on earth as nearly all present during and immediately after the earth's formation has long since been lost as it is so light. Just about all the helium remaining on the planet is the result of radioactive decay. While there is some helium in the atmosphere, currently its isolation from that source by liquefaction and separation of air is not normally economic. This is bacause it is easier, and cheaper, to isolate the gas from certain natural gases. Concentrations of helium in natural gas in the USA are as high as 7% and other good sources include natural gas from some sources in Poland. It is isolable from these gases by liquefaction and separation of from the natural gas. This would not normally be carried out in the laboratory and helium is available commercially in cylinders under pressure. Helium isotopes Read more » Helium has two isotopes but it consists al	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,408	One of the rarest reptiles, a species of crocodile, is found in the wild exclusively where?	Endangered Colombian crocodiles get a helping hand \| Fox News Endangered Colombian crocodiles get a helping hand Published February 15, 2016 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print Orinoco crocodiles. (Mauricio “Pato” Salcedo) The future of a critically endangered crocodile in Colombia just got a little brighter, thanks to a reintroduction program that resulted in the release of more than 40 of the reptiles in the past year. Twenty Orinoco crocodiles (Crocodylus intermedius) were reintroduced into El Tuparro Natural National Park this month, a site where an additional 21 crocodiles were released back in May 2015, the Wildlife Conservation Society said in a statement . All the crocodiles will be carrying radio transmitters to track their movements and monitor their adaptation to their natural environment. Related: Crocodile bites off woman's arm in 'death roll' Dubbed “Crocodile Lagoon” the area of the relocation on the right bank of the Tomo River was picked to ensure these crocs survive. Previous surveys have found the presence of large predators and abundant wildlife in the area including jaguars, pumas, river otters, tapirs and curassows as well as plenty of fish. This reintroduction is part of the Proyecto Vida Silvestre, a program launched in 2014 to protect 10 wildlife species in Colombia’s Llanos Orientales and Magdalena Medio regions. Proyecto Vida Silvestre is led by WCS Colombia and supported by Ecopetrol and the Fundación Mario Santo Domingo. Related Image Related: Fossil of massive crocodile found on edge of Sahara desert The Orinoco crocodile population plummeted in the latter part of the 20th century, mostly due to commercial hunting for its skin. Growing up to 17 feet in length, the Orinoco crocodile is one of the largest crocodilian species in the world. It lives exclusively in the lowlands of the Orinoco basin that straddles both Colombia and Venezuela, and reproduces once a year. WCS says that approximately 200 Orinoco crocodiles are thought to exist in the wild in Colombia. There are more Orinoco crocodiles in Venezuela, according to the organization, which does not have an estimate of the numbers there.	General Knowledge #4 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. General Knowledge #4 Which European capital has a skyline dominated by St Stephen�s cathedral? Vienna Shogi is a Japanese form of which boardgame? Chess Which astronomer discovered the planet Uranus? Herschel, What type of vessel to explore ocean depths was invented in 1947 by Auguste Piccard? Bathyscaphe On the Fahrenheit scale, what temperature is boiling point? 212 degrees, In which US state is the city of Pittsburgh? Pennsylvania, What does someone suffering from dysphagia have difficulty in doing? Swallowing On what date do the French celebrate Bastille Day? 14-Jul Which instrument derives its name from the fact that it can be played soft or loud according to the pressure on the keys? Pianoforte How many players are there in a lacrosse team? 12 Which German tennis player won five successive Grand Slam tournaments in the 1980s? Steffi Graf What is meant by the musical term �andante�? At a moderate tempo Which patron saint of the British Isles does not have his cross on the union flag? David In which ocean does the country of Vanuatu lie? Pacific Which French novelist wrote Madame Bovary? Gustave Flaubert Advertisement Under Genoese control from the 14th century, which Mediterranean island was sold to France in 1768? Corsica In May 1999, who succeeded Benjamin Netanyahu as Israel�s prime minister? Ehud Barak How many dozens are there in a gross? Twelve Carmine is a vivid shade of which colour? Red Which word for the act of killing someone painlessly, especially to relieve suffering, is derived from the Greek for �easy death�? Euthanasia What sort of films are sometimes referred to �horse operas�? Westerns, Which German physicist laid down the principles of quantum theory? Max Planck Which famous sportsman was presented with a gold medal during the 1996 Olympics, to replace the one he threw away in the 1960s? Muhummad Ali Which saint�s day falls on 17 March? Patrick, What is the longest river in France? Loire, In a bullfight, what is a mounted man with a lance called? Picador. What was the first name of the composer Mussorgsky? Modest The Kara Sea is an arm of which ocean? Arctic Who wrote the 1978 novel The Sea, the Sea? Iris Murdoch Which famous UK fashion designer married Andreas Kronthaler in 1992? Vivienne Westwood, Which husband and wife shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with Henri Becquerel? Pierre and Marie Curie Who wrote Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm? Kate Wiggin In which sport is the James Norris Memorial Trophy awarded? Ice hockey In which European country is the summer and ski resort of Zell am See Austria Who is the patron saint of music? St Cecilia What name is given to the Japanese art of flower arranging Ikebana Of which country did Jean-B�del Bokassa proclaim himself emperor in 1977? Central African Republic Name the walled city in Canada that has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Quebec City What name is given to the fruits of plants of the genus Ficus? Figs Which body of water in Scotland does the Kincardine Bridge span Firth of Forth Which British author wrote The Thirty-Nine Steps? John Buchan In which African country is the resort of Sharm El Sheikh? Egypt, Which Frenchman made the first flight across the English Channel in 1909? Louis Bleriot In which part of the body would you find the organ of Corti? The ear, In which New Mexico city was the atomic bomb developed in the Manhattan Project? Los Alamos Which famous English landscape artist�s works include The Vale of Dedham? John Constable Which novelist wrote The Young Caesar and The Aerodrome? Rex Warner Which Brazilian racing driver was killed at Imola in 1994? Ayrton Senna If something is �clavate� what shape is it? Club-shaped. Which Norwegian painter�s works include The Scream? Edvard Munch Which of the gifts brought by the Magi is also known as olibanum? Frankincense Who was the goddess of youth and spring in Greek mythology? Hebe Which Austrian composer wrote the oratorios The Creation and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,409	.za is the internet code for which country?	South Africa Country Code 27 Country Code ZA About South Africa Hide CountryCode.org is your complete guide to make a call from anywhere in the world, to anywhere in the world. This page details South Africa phone code. The South Africa country code 27 will allow you to call South Africa from another country. South Africa telephone code 27 is dialed after the IDD. South Africa international dialing 27 is followed by an area code. The South Africa area code table below shows the various city codes for South Africa. South Africa country codes are followed by these area codes. With the complete South Africa dialing code, you can make your international call. Rand (ZAR) Languages IsiZulu (official) 22.7%, IsiXhosa (official) 16%, Afrikaans (official) 13.5%, English (official) 9.6%, Sepedi (official) 9.1%, Setswana (official) 8%, Sesotho (official) 7.6%, Xitsonga (official) 4.5%, siSwati (official) 2.5%, Tshivenda (official) 2.4%, isiNdebele (official) 2.1%, sign language 0.5%, other 1.6% (2011 est.) Electricity	.TV Domain .TV Domain Domain Registration term in years 1-2 Most popular Languages on the Web 4.7% Most popular Domains on the Web 246 million domain names registered globally .NET 6.0% About .tv What is .tv? The .tv domain is a ccTLD (country code top-level domain) and the Internet code for Tuvalu. Tuvalu with its estimated population of 11,264, ranks as the 21st most populous country in Oceania. These domains with the .tv extension are very popular in Tuvalu and around its geographical area. You can register your own .tv domain and create a professional web page, a personal website, a blog or an online portal to demonstrate the connection to this region. The .tv ccTLD (country code top-level domain) active and gaining popularity since 1996. Who can register .tv domain? The .tv domain name can be registered by any organisation or individuals. Why is it good to choose a domain name with a .tv extension? A .tv domain name could be one of the best choice for local and international companies wanting to represent their business in Tuvalu. In Tuvalu the official language is Tuvaluan. The 6 most popular languages used for websites is english, german, russian, spanish, french and chinese, but you can use any other languages as well. A website with a .tv extension helps you reach your audience easier and also give a professional look to your company. When you targeting this local market with a local domain name, you demonstrate proof of your commitment to the local customers. In this way you can maximize your website’s revenues. Along with this, it is much easier to register a short or a common word in a ccTLD (country code top-level domain) than with other more popular domain names like .com or .net. Additionally, country code top-level domain gives you the opportunity to find domain hacks much easier. Try our domain hack tool! What kind of characters can be used in a domain name and how long can it be? The following characteristics that a web name can have: In a .tv web name you can use English letters (a-z), numbers (i.e.0-9) and hyphen (-) or a combination of these. A domain name has to begin with a digit and end with a digit. The domain cannot begin or end with hyphens. Although the character "-" is allowed inside the name, but cannot have two hyphens in a row. You can't use symbols (such as ' + . , \| ! " £ $ % & / ( ) = ? ^ * ç ° § ; : _ > ] [ @ ), or spaces or stressed vowels (such as à, é, ò, í). The .tv domain name length may vary, from 3 to 63 types. Your registration will not be accepted if your domain doesn’t follow the above restrictions. Domain name registration term allowance: The .tv web name can be registered 1 to 2 years at one time.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,410	"In his seminally optimistic 1734 poem, An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope wrote the famous line, ""Hope springs eternal in the (what)""?"	TLW's New Age Historyscope TLW's New Age Historyscope By T.L. Winslow (TLW), the Historyscoperï¿½ © Copyright by T.L. Winslow. All Rights Reserved. Original Pub. Date: Jan. 31, 2013. Last Update: Apr. 3, 2014. Alternate urls for this page: http://tinyurl.com/newagehistory What Is A Historyscope? "When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace." - Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970) Westerners are not only known as history ignoramuses, but double dumbass history ignoramuses when it comes to New Age Movement history. Since I'm the one-and-only Historyscoper (tm), let me quickly bring you up to speed before you dive into my Master Historyscope. The New Age Movement has been gaining lots of steam in the West since the 1960s, spreading the concepts of New Thought , incl. that God or Infinite Intelligence is everywhere, we're really immortal spirit beings, sickness is all in the mind, miracles can be made to happen, etc., white hair helps sell books. The Law of Attraction ("like attracts like") is usually prominently featured. Despite their attraction, New Agers are anything but monolithic, and may be into Astrology , Auras , Black and White Magic , Chakras , Chi Energy , Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) , Crystals , Druidism , Eastern Mysticism , Esotericism , Extraterrestrials and UFOs , Firewalking , Gaia , Gnosticism , Hare Krishna , Hermeticism , Hinduism , the Human Potential Movement , Idealism , Mind Science , Native American Spirituality , Near-Death Experiences , Nirvana , Parapsychology , Psychics , Reincarnation , Shamanism , Spiritism , Tai Chi , Taoism , Tarot , Theosophy , Trance-Channeling (Mediumship) , Transcendental Meditation , Transpersonal Psychology , UFO Religions , Wicca (Witchcraft) , Wisdom Tradition , Yin-Yang , Yoga , and Zen Buddhism . The movement takes its name from the 1804-10 poem Milton by English Romantic poet-artist William Blake (1757-1827) : "... when the New Age is at leisure to pronounce, all will be set right." Blake is also known for the poem Auguries of Innocence , which starts: "To see a world in a grain of sand,/ And a heaven in a wild flower,/ Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,/ And eternity in an hour." and ends: "God appears, and God is light,/ "To those poor souls who dwell in night;/ "But does a human form display/ "To those who dwell in realms of day." The movement often denies the existence of reality and time, but at the same time seems to be grounded on belief in the arrival or coming of the Age of Aquarius . The astronomical signs are Aries, followed by Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces (A tall girl can leap very long since she carries a pussycat :) The astrological ages are each 2,150 years long (the Earth's 25,800-year gyroscopic precession period divided by 12), and proceed backwards, Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn, etc. Too bad, the exact year when the Age of Aquarius begins is disputed, with some of course claiming a date in the 1960s, esp. after the 1967 debut of the rock musical Hair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical , with its opening song Aquarius ("When the Moon is in the Seventh House, and Jupiter aligns with Mars, then Peace will guide the Planets, and Love will steer the Stars. This is the dawning of the Age of Aquarius... Harmony and understanding, sympathy and trust abounding; no more falsehoods or derision - golden living, dreams of visions, mystic crystal revelation, and the mind's true liberation. Aquarius..."); most place the Great Attunement sometime in the 20th cent., some on Dec. 12, 2012, making 2013 the Year of Prosperity . Duh, the next age will be the Age of Capricorn, meaning people will start butting heads? TLW is a Capricorn :) Too bad, some astrologers think that the Age of Aquarius is actually the Age of Capricorn because the Moon's gravitational pull on the Earth has caused a 1 mo. shift in the Zodiac. Cutting to the chase, according to English writer Nevill Drury (1947-) , the "four key pr	If Winter Comes Can Spring Be Far Behind Free Essays If Winter Comes Can Spring Be Far Behind If Winter Comes Can Spring be far behind? – Essay Day is followed by... night and night by day. Similarly, in life every period of sorrow and despair has at last to come to end. It is followed by a period of peace, comfort and joy. We must have a firm belief in the goodness of things and have a strong self-confidence. There is no occasion for feeling dismayed. “If hopes are dupes, fears may be liars.” Life is full of tears and smiles, tears predominate. Sufferings and misfortunes may loom large... Hope, Life, Meaning of life 1085 Words \| 3 Pages If Winter Comes Can Spring Be Far Behind. , [pic] The quotation referred to is the last line of Shelley’s famous poem, "Ode to the West Wind". As winter is sure to be followed... by spring, in the same way, dark and unhappy days of life are bound to be followed by a period of happiness and joy. Winter is the symbol of desolation and barrenness whereas spring stands for joyousness and fruitfulness. The quotation assumes significant application to the present state of affairs. The man today is passing through a period of miserable... Good and evil, Hope, Meaning of life 762 Words \| 2 Pages if winter comes can spring be far away Short essay on the meaning of If winter comes can spring be far behind... The quotation referred to is the last line of shelley's famous poem, "Ode to the West Wind". In the poem, the poet identifies himself with West Wind, which, to him, is both the destroyer and the preserver. The poet has dead thoughts which he would like to be scattered by the West Wind like dead leaves. In place of these dead thoughts, he wants new and fresh thoughts to be born in him. As from an extinguished hearth, ashes and... Good and evil, Life, Meaning of life 581 Words \| 2 Pages Can Man Be Far Behind the room to roam and populate has it's limits. For example, deer populations need to be restricted by the available food limits of their respective habitats.... Without hunting, the deer population would grow to the point of encroaching into human areas far worse than now, causing safety issues for humans and animals (many more vehicle/deer collision), and human crops being overrun by a deer population explosion; more deer require more food.<<< The true facts are... what you will find for all those who... Deer, Elephant, Endangered species 1510 Words \| 6 Pages Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter,...and Spring Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter, . . .and Spring After weeks of studying and learning about the Buddhist religion,... it is easy to see the Buddhist ideals in the movie Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter, . . . and Spring. One of the main points that was stressed in the movie was some of the Buddhist precepts. One of the Buddhist precepts specifically says “To Refrain From Causing Harm To Other Living Beings” (Pauling 21). Another point that the movie focused on with the Buddhist precept involved “To... Boy, Buddhism, Dukkha 935 Words \| 3 Pages Winter and Season beasts, men and angels eagerly wait for it. It is a time when the nature is at its best. It is a time to pray to God. Sunrise is a time when there is calm... and quiet, the atmosphere is pure and fresh and there is no dust, no smoke, and no noise. We can inhale a lot of pure oxygen. A man who goes out for a long walk at sunrise never falls ill. The rising sun gives us light and warmth. It gives new life to withering plants and a new lease of life .to all living creatures. That is why even the gods worship... Autumn, Bird, Holi 2016 Words \| 5 Pages Winter Dreams exploring the characterization of Fitzgerald “Winter Dreams”, I am going to show the use of seasonal changes of his protagonist, Dexter, from... his story. I believe that it is his every intention for us explore Dexter as a man by showing us where and how he developed to be such a man from his decisions in the past starting from his caddy days to college and finally as an establish businessman. His successes were completely self-made yet; he had issues wh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,411	"What is the next in this series: Millie, Ranger, Buddy, Spot ""Spotty"" Fletcher, Barney, Miss Beazley ... ?"	Presidential Dogs of the White House Presidential Dogs of the White House By Mimi C. February 20, 2012 8:30 AM Many presidents have had dogs during the time at the White House. I have listed all of the Presidential Dogs that I was able to find and included a few photos all the way back to the Coolidge presidency. Here are the dogs who have also served in the White House. Barack Obama Bo – Portuguese Water Dog. First Dog of the United States. Chuck Kennedy/The White House via Getty Images George W. Bush Spot “Spotty” Fetcher (1989–2004) – female English Springer Spaniel named after Scott Fletcher; Puppy of Millie; Euthanized after suffering a series of strokes. Barney – Scottish Terrier. First Dog of the United States. Miss Beazley – Scottish Terrier; Nicknamed “Beazley Weazley”; 2005 birthday gift from George to his wife. Alex Wong/Getty Images Buddy – Bill’s chocolate Labrador Retriever (1997–2002). First Dog of the United States. Getty Images Millie – Springer Spaniel. First Dog of the United States. Ranger – one of Millie’s puppies Ronald Reagan Rex – Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. First Dog of the United States. Victory – Golden Retriever William Howard Taft Caruso – Dog There were many presidents that had an array of different kinds of animals although I only focused on the dogs for this article. It is amazing how many dogs some of our presidents had at the White House. Here are the rest of the dog-owning presidents: Theodore Roosevelt loved the terrier breeds: Pete a Bull Terrier; Skip a Rat Terrier; Jack and Peter were Terriers; Blackjack was a Manchester Terrier; Manchu a Pekingese; Rollo a big Saint Bernard; Sailor Boy was a Chesapeake Bay Retriever and there were two no-named breeds Gem and Susan. Benjamin Harrison had a Collie named Dash. Grover Cleveland was a fan of a Japanese Poodle named Hector. James A. Garfield had a dog named Veto. Rutherford B. Hayes was a big dog fan. He had Dot the Cocker Spaniel; Hector a Newfoundland; Duke was an English Mastiff; Grim the Greyhound; Otis was a Miniature Schnauzer; Juno and Shep were his hunting dogs and a dog named Jet. Ulysses S. Grant had a Newfoundland named Faithful and Rosie the dog. Abraham Lincoln owned Fido and Jip. James Buchanan owned a Newfoundland named Lara, a Toy Terrier named Punch. Franklin Pierce had seven miniature Oriental dogs. John Tyler had an Italian Greyhound named Le Beau. James Monroe had a spaniel. Thomas Jefferson had a slew of animals, two of which were dogs: Buzzy and we don’t have record of the other dog names. They were big hairy herding dogs called Briards. John Adams had three dogs named Juno, Mark, and Satan. George Washington, our very first President of the United States, had several dogs. He was a fan of the hounds. He had three American Staghounds named Sweet Lips, Scentwell and Vulcan. He also had four Black and Tan Coonhounds names Drunkard, Taster, Tipler and Tipsy.	Blandings Castle Novels \| Series \| LibraryThing P.G. Wodehouse: A Biography by Frances Donaldson (1982) Series description Since the second book in the Blandings novels, Leave it to Psmith is the last in the Psmith series, one might consider reading the earlier books in the latter series before starting on the Blandings Castle series. The upper-class inhabitants of the fictional Blandings Castle, including the eccentric Lord Emsworth, obsessed by his prize-winning pig, the "Empress of Blandings", are the subject of eleven novels and nine short stories, written between 1915 and Wodehouse's death in 1975. This series crosses over with the Psmith series and the Uncle Fred series, and also introduces Monty Bodkin, a character who would feature in two further novels. The short stories have all been collected into Lord Emsworth Acts for the Best, but were also published first elsewhere in collections with non-Blandings stories. The short story collection Blandings and Elsewhere includes among its twelve stories six that take place before Summer Lightening, i.e.: "The Custody of the Pumpkin" "Lord Emsworth Acts for the Best" "Pig-hoo-o-o-o-ey" Series?! How do series work? To create a series or add a work to it, go to a "work" page. The "Common Knowledge" section now includes a "Series" field. Enter the name of the series to add the book to it. Works can belong to more than one series. In some cases, as with Chronicles of Narnia , disagreements about order necessitate the creation of more than one series . Tip: If the series has an order, add a number or other descriptor in parenthesis after the series title (eg., "Chronicles of Prydain (book 1)"). By default, it sorts by the number, or alphabetically if there is no number. If you want to force a particular order, use the \| character to divide the number and the descriptor. So, "(0\|prequel)" sorts by 0 under the label "prequel." What isn't a series? Series was designed to cover groups of books generally understood as such (see Wikipedia: Book series ). Like many concepts in the book world, "series" is a somewhat fluid and contested notion. A good rule of thumb is that series have a conventional name and are intentional creations, on the part of the author or publisher. For now, avoid forcing the issue with mere "lists" of works possessing an arbitrary shared characteristic, such as relating to a particular place. Avoid series that cross authors, unless the authors were or became aware of the series identification (eg., avoid lumping Jane Austen with her continuators). Also avoid publisher series, unless the publisher has a true monopoly over the "works" in question. So, the Dummies guides are a series of works. But the Loeb Classical Library is a series of editions, not of works. Helpers	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,412	Which is the only Shakespeare play in which an animal's name appears in the title?	Shakespeare's Plays Shakespeare's Plays Before the publication of the First Folio in 1623, nineteen of the thirty-seven plays in Shakespeare's canon had appeared in quarto format. With the exception of Othello (1622), all of the quartos were published prior to the date of Shakespeare's retirement from the theatre in about 1611. It is unlikely that Shakespeare was involved directly with the printing of any of his plays, although it should be noted that two of his poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were almost certainly printed under his direct supervision. Here you will find the complete text of Shakespeare's plays, based primarily on the First Folio, and a variety of helpful resources, including extensive explanatory notes, character analysis, source information, and articles and book excerpts on a wide range of topics unique to each drama. Tragedies The story of Mark Antony, Roman military leader and triumvir, who is madly in love with Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Coriolanus (1607-1608) The last of Shakespeare's great political tragedies, chronicling the life of the mighty warrior Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Hamlet (1600-1601) Since its first recorded production, Hamlet has engrossed playgoers, thrilled readers, and challenged actors more so than any other play in the Western canon. No other single work of fiction has produced more commonly used expressions . Earliest known text: Quarto (1603). Although there were earlier Elizabethan plays on the subject of Julius Caesar and his turbulent rule, Shakespeare's penetrating study of political life in ancient Rome is the only version to recount the demise of Brutus and the other conspirators. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). The story of King Lear, an aging monarch who decides to divide his kingdom amongst his three daughters, according to which one recites the best declaration of love. Earliest known text: Quarto (1608). Macbeth (1605-1606) Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's most stimulating and popular dramas. Renaissance records of Shakespeare's plays in performance are scarce, but a detailed account of an original production of Macbeth has survived, thanks to Dr. Simon Forman . Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Othello (1604-1605) Othello, a valiant Moorish general in the service of Venice, falls prey to the devious schemes of his false friend, Iago. Earliest known text: Quarto (1622). Celebrated for the radiance of its lyric poetry, Romeo and Juliet was tremendously popular from its first performance. The sweet whispers shared by young Tudor lovers throughout the realm were often referred to as "naught but pure Romeo and Juliet." Earliest known text: Quarto (1597). Written late in Shakespeare's career, Timon of Athens is criticized as an underdeveloped tragedy, likely co-written by George Wilkins or Cyril Tourneur. Read the play and see if you agree. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Titus Andronicus (1593-1594) A sordid tale of revenge and political turmoil, overflowing with bloodshed and unthinkable brutality. The play was not printed with Shakespeare credited as author during his lifetime, and critics are divided between whether it is the product of another dramatist or simply Shakespeare's first attempt at the genre. Earliest known text: Quarto (1594). Histories One of Shakespeare's most popular plays, featuring the opportunistic miscreant, Sir John Falstaff. Earliest known text: Quarto (1598). This is the third play in the second tetralogy of history plays, along with Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry V. Earliest known text: Quarto (1600). Henry V is the last in the second tetralogy sequence. King Henry is considered Shakespeare's ideal monarch. Earliest known text: Quarto (1600). The first in Shakespeare's trilogy about the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Part two of Shakespeare's chronicle play. Based on Hall's work, the play contains some historical inaccuracies. Earli	Anne Hathaway to Star in Film Adaptation of Shakespeare's 'Taming of the Shrew' (Exclusive) Anne Hathaway to Star in Film Adaptation of Shakespeare’s ‘Taming of the Shrew’ (Exclusive) Anne Hathaway just won a Golden Globe for Universal and Working Title's "Les Miserables" Lucas Shaw \| January 14, 2013 @ 3:09 PM Anne Hathaway will star in an adaptation of William Shakespeare ’s “Taming of the Shrew,” an individual with knowledge of the deal told TheWrap. Abi Morgan , who scripted “The Iron Lady” and “Shame,” will handle the adaptation, a modern-day retelling of the iconic play set in mid-20th century Italy. The project will be produced by Debra Hayward and Working Title, another individual with knowledge of the film told TheWrap. Hayward, a former Working Title executive, left the company in June of 2011 to start her own production company, Monumental Pictures. She promptly signed a first-look deal with Working TItle, and "Shrew" will be the first film made under that agreement. Universal and Working Title, Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner's British production outfit responsible for “Fargo” and “Billy Elliot,” have a longstanding production relationship dating to 1999. Their current first-look deal runs through 2015, meaning Universal would get first crack at distributing the film. The two companies have collaborated on such films as “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy,” “Atonement” and 2012’s “Les Miserables.” Hathaway won a Golden Globe on Sunday for her performance as Fantine in that film, and she is considered the frontrunner for a Supporting Actress Oscar as well. Hollywood and Broadway have adapted “The Taming of the Shrew” on several occasions, including Cole Porter’s musical “Kiss Me, Kate,” which originally appeared on Broadway in 1951 and was revived in 1952 and 1999, and a 1967 film starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton . Heath Ledger and Julia Stiles starred in a modern reimagining of the tale in 1999, Gil Junger’s “10 Things I Hate About You.” Universal, Working Title and Hathaway's representatives at CAA all declined to comment on the project. Hathway, who last year appeared in both "Les Miserables" and "The Dark Knight Rises," has no projects currently in production. She will lend her voice to "Rio 2," the sequel to Fox's successful animated hit, which is in pre-production. Show Comments	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,413	Which is the fifth book of the Old Testament, following Numbers?	Enter the Bible - Books: Numbers Themes Summary Though the census lists in chapters 1 and 26 play an important part in the book, the title "Numbers" does not adequately represent the content. The Hebrew title Bemidbar ("in the wilderness"--the first words of the Hebrew text) captures the theme much better: the book tells the story of how Israel's exodus generation entered the desert where most of them died away in faithlessness and disobedience, and how the next generation emerged, prepared to claim the promise of a new land. The book of Numbers continues the story of the journey out of Egypt, emphasizing the theme of God's faithfulness that endures even in the face of arduous journeys, physical privation, vacillating leadership, and unbelief. So What? Numbers is the story of a people on a difficult journey, with everything--life, health, purpose, destiny--on the line. As such, it has provided a point of reference and a framework of meaning for communities of faith over time. In the New Testament, Paul refers to the wilderness journey as an instructive example for his people in Corinth (1 Corinthians 10:11). Where Do I Find It? Numbers is the fourth book of the Bible; it is also the fourth of the five books of the Torah (Pentateuch). It follows Leviticus and precedes Deuteronomy. Who Wrote It? At one point (33:2) the text records that "Moses wrote down their starting points, stage by stage, by the command of the Lord"--one basis for the traditional claim of Mosaic authorship. Ascribing the material to Moses was a way to anchor it in antiquity and name its authority. The book, however, encompasses so many forms of literature and betrays so many different periods in its style that it is best understood as a compilation from sources that stretch from Israel's earliest history to postexilic times. These have been edited to give an account of Israel's wilderness journey, warning subsequent generations against apostasy while promising God's ongoing work of restoration and renewal. When Was It Written? While much of the material comes, no doubt, from earlier periods, scholars now think the book reached its final form after the exile, perhaps as late as the fifth century B.C.E. The book's narrative of the "quest for a homeland" may have found particular resonance for Israel while in exile from Judah. What's It About? The book of Numbers describes the travels and fortunes of the people of Israel during the "in between" period: their journey from the wilderness of Sinai (1:1) to the plains of Moab, close to the borders of the promised land (36:13). How Do I Read It? The writers of the book of Numbers used a variety of sources and a variety of literary forms, including stories and narratives, laws, census lists, itineraries, instructions for worship, summaries of legal disputations, battle reports, poetry, and blessings. As a whole, it is best read as part of a historical saga written for a theological purpose: as a warning against disobedience and a promise of God's faithful guidance toward new life. AUTHOR: Fred Gaiser, Professor of Old Testament , David Stewart, Director of Library Services I. The Camp at Sinai (Numbers 1:1-10:10) In the second year after the exodus, Israel remains encamped in the Sinai wilderness, where they have been since the third month after their departure from Egypt (Exodus 19:1). A census is taken and the arrangement of the camp is described, along with the duties of the priests and legislation to ensure holiness. The tabernacle is dedicated, and Passover is celebrated. A. The First Census and the Ordering of the Camp (Numbers 1:1-2:34) God orders the Israelites to take a census, numbering "everyone in Israel able to go to war." The people camp by "regiments," each group facing the tabernacle in the center of the encampment. B. The Duties of the Levites (Numbers 3:1-4:49) The Levites, not included in the first census because of their priestly responsibilities, are now numbered and assigned their duties. The Levites are accepted by God as "substitutes" for all firstborn males, who belong to the Lord becau	Index-a Don't Forget To Hit <ESC> before going to a different page. Let's play a game of 30 questions. No, not that old standard of 20 questions, but one with an extra 10 questions added in and one that uses numeric answers (from 1 to 30). If you get stumped, go on to the next one. Perhaps the answer you need will be one of those left over when you complete all the questions you're sure of. Each answer is a number. The answers are the numbers 1-30. Each number appears only once. (Obviously) the questions are not in the right order.. 1. Aside from an extra 385 yards, how many miles is a marathon race? 2. If 27 solid cubes are formed into one big 3x3x3 cube how many individual cubes, at most, are visible from any single angle? 3. In the movie Spinal Tap what number is: "Well, it is one louder.."? 4. 'Via Dolorosa' is the (how many) Stations of the Cross, the Christian ritual tracing the key stages of the death of Jesus, beginning with his condemnation and ending with his being laid in the tomb? 5. How many dots are on a (standard 1-6) die? 6. The Russian 'Crimea Highway' trunk road from Moscow to the Crimea in Ukraine is the M (what)? 7. What number, between two hyphens, is used by journalists, etc., to mark the end of a newspaper or broadcast story? 8. How many unique dominoes are in a standard 'double six' set? 9. What number turned on its side (rotated 90 degrees) is the symbol for infinity? 10. The Marvel Comics superhero team led by Mr Fantastic was the Fanstastic (what)? 11. What is the larger number of the binary system? 12. Japanese haiku poems loosely comprise how many syllables? 13. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are respectively (what number)-and-half degrees north and south of the Equator? 14. What number is Hurricane on the Beaufort Scale? 15. Greek deka, and Latin decem, are what number? 16. Conventionally how many books are in the Bible's New Testament? 17. How many legs (or arms) are most usually on a starfish? 18. A lunar month is an average (how many) days plus 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds? 19. 'Roaring' refers to what pluralised number in describing a 1900s decade of western world prosperity? 20. Traditionally what number of years anniversary is symbolized by silver? 21. What is generally stated to be the number of major joints in the human body? 22. What number is the French coded slang 'vingt-deux!', which warns that police are coming? 23. What is the only number that equals twice the sum of its digits (digit means numerical symbol)? 24. The early/mid-1900s American vaudeville comedy act was called the (how many) Stooges? 25. Any line of three numbers in the 'magic square' (a 3 x 3 grid of the numbers 1-9) adds up to what? 26. What is the international SPI resin/polymer identification coding system number (typically shown within a recycling triangle symbol) for polystyrene? 27. Traditionally the diameter of the 45rpm gramophone record is (how many) inches? 28. Pure gold is (how many)-carat? 29. The expression 'On cloud (what)' refers to being blissfully happy? 30. Each player begins with (how many) pieces in a game of chess? Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (born 13 May 1950) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. Kirwan's first recorded work with the band was on the huge instrumental hit single "Albatross". Green later stated that, "I would never have done "Albatross" if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record." The B-side of the single was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini, and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan had adapted the piece for himself and Green to play on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,414	Mahatma Gandhi led Indians in protesting the British-imposed salt tax with what 400 km (249 mile) journey in 1930?	mahatma gandhi - www.shaikhshabaz.com www.shaikhshabaz.com listen ) ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India . Employing non-violent civil disobedience , Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahatma ( Sanskrit : "high-souled," "venerable" [2] )—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa, [3] —is now used worldwide. He is also called Bapu ( Gujarati : endearment for "father," [4] "papa." [4] [5] ) in India. Born and raised in a Hindu, merchant caste , family in coastal Gujarat , western India , and trained in law at the Inner Temple , London, Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability , but above all for achieving Swaraj or self-rule. Gandhi famously led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. Gandhi attempted to practice non-violence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand spun on a charkha . He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as means of both self- Mahatma Gandhi 2 October 1869 purification and social protest. Gandhi's vision of a free India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India. [6] Eventually, in August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire [6] was partitioned into two dominions , a smaller Hindu-majority India and Muslim Pakistan . [6] As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal . Eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to promote religious harmony. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 at age 78, [7] also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. [7] Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating. [8] [7] Among them was Nathuram Godse , a Hindu nationalist , who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest at point-blank range. [8] Gandhi is commonly, though not officially, [9] considered the Father of the Nation [10] in India. His birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as Gandhi Jayanti , a national holiday , and world-wide as the International Day of Non-Violence . Early life and background Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in his earliest known photo, aged 7, c. 1876 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi [11] was born on 2 October 1869 [1] in Porbandar , a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the British Indian Empire . His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822–1885), served as the diwan (chief minister) of Porbander state . His mother, Putlibai, who was from a Pranami Vaishnava family, [12] [13] was Karamchand's fourth wife, the first three wives having apparently died in childbirth. [14] [15]	General Knowledge #5 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. General Knowledge #5 What does the legal term �caveat emptor� mean? Let the buyer beware Which Russian author wrote the novel A Month in the Country? Ivan Turgenev What do the initials UNICEF stand for? United Nations International Children�s Emergency Fund. Who was the last king of Rome? Tarquin the Proud. Which opera was composed by Verdi for the opening of the Suez Canal? Aida Which important religious building contains the Kaaba? Great Mosque at Mecca Which French dramatist wrote Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme? Moli�re By what name was William Joyce known in World War II? Lord Haw-Haw A covey is the group name for what type of bird? Partridge Which English poet lived with his sister at Dove Cottage, Grasmere in the English Lake District? Wordsworth What is the medical name for short-sightedness? Myopia What name is given to the magical beliefs and practices associated particularly with Haiti? Voodoo Which fortified palace on a rocky hill in Granada is an outstanding example of Moorish architecture? Alhambra Which female aviator established records with solo flights to Australia, Tokyo and the Cape of Good Hope in the 1930s? Amy Johnson, In which year did Hillary and Tenzing become the first mountaineers to reach the summit of Mount Everest? 1953 What is the English name for the movement in French cinema called �nouvelle vague�? New Wave Who was the first president of the French Fifth Republic? Charles De Gaulle From which country did Iceland win total independence in June 1944? Denmark Which North American aquatic rodent is also known as a musquash? Muskrat What was the name of the raft used by Thor Heyerdahl on his 1947 expedition? Kon-tiki, Who sailed around the world in the yacht Gipsy Moth IV? Sir Francis Chichester In which Middle Eastern country is the Roman city of Jerash? Jordan On which mountain in Ireland (also known as The Reek) did St Patrick fast for 40 days and nights in 441AD? Croagh Patrick On which island is the poet Rupert Brooke buried? Skyros In which US state is the Spurr Volcano? Alaska Who was the first British-born astronaut to walk in space? Dr Michael Foale Which is the world�s second largest desert? Australian Desert, Which flower has the Latin name Bellis perennis? Common daisy, The Ligurian Sea is an arm of which body of water? Mediterranean Sea Mossad is the secret service of which country? Israel In Greek mythology, who was the giant watchman with one hundred eyes? Argos Orly airport serves which city? Paris What �R� is the active form of vitamin A found in margarines, oily fish and dairy fats? Retinol Which South African surgeon performed the world�s first successful heart transplant? Dr Christiaan Barnard. In which 1981 film do Jeremy Irons and Meryl Streep say farewell? The French Lieutenant�s Woman, Named after a town in north-east India, which high quality tea with a delicate taste is known as the �Champagne of teas�? Squid What is the name of the dish, originating from North Africa, that consists of steamed semolina? Couscous Which great circle may be terrestrial or celestial? The Equator, What meat-derived foodstuff did Kenneth Daigneau famously give a name to in 1937 Spam What name is given to members of the United Society of Believers in Christ�s Second Appearing? The Shakers Which Roman historian wrote a history of Rome in 142 volumes? Livy, Lake Taupo is the largest lake in which country? New Zealand Of which republic in the Caribbean is Port au Prince the capital? Haiti, Who succeeded James A Garfield as US president in 1881? Chester A Arthur, In which year was Pompeii destroyed by Vesuvius? 79AD Which studio album by Queen first featured the song We Will Rock You? News of the World, Which is the second largest mountain system in North America? Appalachians, Which is the only seal that feeds on penguins? Leopard seal Which creature of Australia and New Guinea is also called a spiny anteater? Echidna Guernsey, Jersey and Sark are pa	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,415	Folgate, Grosso, Fathead and Grappenhall are all varieties of which garden plant?	LAVANDULA X INTERMEDIA &#39;GROSSO&#39; Print Email With its brisk aroma and eye-catching flowers, lavender has become a symbol of the delicious life. To many Americans, lavender evokes a mythical Provençal night: the window open to the warm night air, a view of faraway hills, clean linen, crusty baguettes, a bottle of wine, and someone to love. Unfortunately, for those of us in much of the continental United States, a healthy lavender plant sometimes remains as elusive as the dream of a Mediterranean paradise. Lavender 'Grosso' Plant• Lavandin • Hybrid of cold-hardy English (Lavandula angustifolia) and heat-tolerant Portuguese lavenders (L. latifolia) • Zones 5 to 9 For years, English lavenders (varieties of Lavandula angustifolia) were promoted as the most adaptable because of their cold-hardiness. However, they tend to melt in the humidity and heat of summer. Lavandins, L. ×intermedia hybrids, combine the cold-hardiness of English lavender with the greater heat tolerance of a Portuguese lavender species, L. ×latifolia. The resulting hybrids are adaptable, heavy-flowering garden plants with a strong scent. Of the lavandins, the best for all-round garden performance is the variety ‘Grosso’. ‘Grosso’ is the primary commercial variety for production of lavender oil. Its deep aroma, large flower heads, and heavy-flowering nature make it highly profitable to grow. Fortunately for gardeners, it makes an excellent garden plant that is highly adapted throughout the United States. With some of the most richly colored flowers of all lavandins, ‘Grosso’ makes an impressive show in the garden. Its flowers are a strong violet-blue that shimmer in the summer sunlight. It has a more elegant habit than English lavenders, with long, graceful flower wands making a vast lilac halo around the central mound of silver foliage. It’s heavy-flowering, with sporadic repeat bloom after the main flush of flower in midsummer. When not in bloom, plants of ‘Grosso’ make compact mounds of silver foliage to 3 feet high and wide. In winter, the foliage picks up tones of pink, violet and blue. With its strong globe shape, ‘Grosso’ is particularly attractive for geometric plantings. A grid of lavandin in gravel would be an excellent low-maintenance substitute for a lawn. ‘Grosso’ grows well in rocky or sandy places. It makes an excellent low hedge and its tolerance for hot, dry conditions lets it thrive along the edges of masonry walks and walls. ‘Grosso’ has been the most reliable of the lavenders I’ve grown. While few lavenders last more than a season or two, particularly in the humidity of our Midwestern summers, ‘Grosso’ has thrived for more than five years, morphing into a huge mound more than 5 feet across when in flower. Shear off faded flower stems to encourage the plant to maintain full and vigorous growth. More tolerant of excess water and heavy soils than other lavender varieties, ‘Grosso’ still requires good drainage and air circulation to thrive. The plant will die out in spots that are shaded or smothered by surrounding plants. ‘Grosso’ is the most cold-tolerant lavender, particularly in humid areas with heavy soil. Its strong aroma makes ‘Grosso’ unpalatable to deer, rabbits, and other pests. Its flowers are highly attractive to bees. ‘Grosso’ can be used in all herbal and culinary preparations calling for lavender. Combine the flowers with fresh thyme, rosemary and fennel for a lively version of herbes de Provence. It is best to use lavender sparingly, to add just a bit of edge to culinary preparations. Otherwise, it quickly becomes overpowering. With ‘Grosso’, you can realize the dream of beautiful lavender in your garden. (To read about using lavender in at-home spa treatments, read Body & Soul: Make Lavender Spa Products .) Add dinner in the garden with rustic table linens, crusty bread, good wine and a dear friend, and the good life comes to you. Caleb Melchior grows unusual herbs and perennials at Sugar Creek Gardens in Missouri. He is studying for a Masters of Landscape Architecture at Kansas State University in M	On This Day 1926: The first greyhound meeting with a mechanical hare took place at Belle Vue, Manchester. 2000: Portugal midfielder Luis Figo, star of Euro 2000, became the world's most expensive footballer when he joined Real Madrid for £37million from Barcelona. 2005: Australia won the first Ashes Test at Lord's by 239 runs. England recovered to win a memorable series 2-1. 2005: Lance Armstrong won a record seventh successive Tour de France - his final Tour before his temporary retirement. He was later stripped of all his titles after evidence of his doping emerged. 2009: England midfielder Steven Gerrard was found not guilty of affray by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court. 2010: Down thrashed Sligo in round four of the SFC qualifiers, winning by 3-20 to 0-10. 2010: Former world snooker champion Alex Higgins died at the age of 61. 2014: Brothers Alastair and Jonny Brownlee finished first and second for England in the Commonwealth Games men's triathlon in Glasgow. Birthdays Zaheer Abbas (cricket) - former Pakistan and Gloucestershire batsman, born 1947. Jim Leighton (soccer) - former Manchester United, Aberdeen and Scotland goalkeeper, born 1958. Barry Bonds (baseball) - controversial former San Francisco Giants star, holder of the all-time record for home runs in Major League, born 1964. Martin Keown (soccer) - former Arsenal and England defender, born 1966. Steven Richardson (golf) - played in 1991 Ryder Cup, born 1966. Dino Baggio (soccer) - former Italy midfielder who had a brief spell on loan at Blackburn in 2003, born 1971. Daniele De Rossi (soccer) - Roma and Italy midfielder, born 1983. Lukas Rosol (tennis) - Czech world number 54, famous for defeating Rafael Nadal at Wimbledon in 2012, born 1985. Quick Quiz Blitz 1 Which three football clubs have won all four English divisional titles? 2 Australia fast bowler Shaun Tait is playing for which county in this summer's NatWest T20 Blast? 3 British number one women's tennis player Johanna Konta was born in which city? 4 Who has been the top jockey at the Cheltenham Festival for eight of the last nine years? 5 Who scored the goal for Tipperary in All-Ireland SFC success over Derry? Sport on TV Today (Sunday, July 24) GAA: The Sunday Game Live - RTE 1 (1.30pm) - Waterford v Wexford (Throw-in 2.00pm) and Galway v Clare (Throw-in 4.00pm); The Sunday Game - RTE 2 - 21.30 SOCCER: International Champions Cup, Inter Milan v Paris St Germain - Sky Sports 1 2200; Euro Under-19s final - Eurosport 1 1905; MLS, New York Red Bulls v New York City FC - Sky Sports 3 1755, Sporting Kansas City v Seattle Sounders - Sky Sports 3 2000; Women's Super League, Notts County v Man City - BT Sport 1 1530. CRICKET: Second Test, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; First Test, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 5 1455. GOLF: PGA Tour, Canadian Open - Sky Sports 4 1800; Senior Open, Carnoustie - Sky Sports 4 1330; LPGA Tour, Scottish Open - Sky Sports 4 1030. CYCLING: Tour de France stage 21 - ITV4 1300, Eurosport 1 1530, ITV4 1200, S4C 1600; Tour de France women's 90km race - Eurosport 1 1330. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Citi Open - Sky Sports 2 2000; WTA Tour - Stanford Classic, BT Sport 1 2200. MOTOR RACING: Formula One, Hungarian Grand Prix race - Channel 4 1200, Sky Sports F1 1230. ATHLETICS: World Junior Championships, Bydgoszcz - Eurosport 2 2115. MOTORCYCLE RACING: British Superbikes - Eurosport 2 1230. DARTS: World Matchplay - Sky Sports 1 1900. SAILING: America's Cup World Series - BT Sport 1 1245. BASEBALL: MLB - BT Sport/ESPN 1800, BT Sport 2 1900, Los Angeles Dodgers v St Louis Cardinals BT Sport/ESPN 0100 (Mon). Tomorrow (Monday, July 25) CRICKET: Fourth day of the second Investec Test from Old Trafford, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; final day of the first Test from North Sound, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 1 1455. SOCCER: Betfred Cup first round, Rangers v Stranraer - BT Sport 1 1915. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Rogers Cup from Toronto - Sky Sports 3 1600; WTA Tour, Rogers Cup from Montreal - BT Sport 2 1730, BT Sport 1 0000 (Tue). CYCLING: Tour de Wallonie stage three - Eurosport 2 1415.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,416	Who was Margaret Thatcher's most famous press secretary ?	Margaret Thatcher's former press secretary Sir Bernard Ingham refuses to apologise for telling Liverpool to "shut up about Hillsborough" - Mirror Online Unrepentant: Sir Bernard Ingham (Photo: Getty) Share Get Liverpool FC updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email Sir Bernard Ingham, formerly the chief press officer to Margaret Thatcher, has reportedly refused to apologise for having blamed innocent Liverpool FC fans for the 1989 Hillsborough disaster. According to a report in the Liverpool Echo, Ingham responded to questions regarding his previously stated views on the disaster by saying: “What have I to apologise for?” The Echo reports that Ingham, now 80, had written a letter to Liverpool fan Graham Skinner (whose friend Eric Hughes died in the disaster) in 1996, which was this week passed to the Hillsborough Family Support Group. In it Ingham reportedly wrote: “I have, however, one suggestion to make: for its own good, Liverpool – with the Heysel disaster in the background – should shut up about Hillsborough. “Nothing can now bring back those who died – innocent people who, by virtue of being in the ground early, had their lives crushed out of them by a mob surging in late.” The Echo reports that it had contacted Ingham at his home in Surrey with regard to the views expressed in the letter, in the light of the findings of the Hillsborough Inquiry which completely rejected the lie that Liverpool fans were in any way responsible for the disaster. Ingham, who admitted he had not read the Hillsborough Report , reportedly refused to apologise for the discredited opinion about "a mob surging in late". Referring to the content of the 1996 letter, he said: “That seems reasonable to me, I most certainly do [think that] if there is any respect for the 96 who died. I think people should be concerned about those who died.” In 2012, before the Hillsborough Report was published, Ingham had reportedly claimed that the day after the disaster Thatcher was briefed by senior police officers that "a tanked-up mob" were responsible for the deaths of the 96. In black and white: The Hillsborough Report exposed the lie that Liverpool fans were responsible - but Sir Bernard Ingham (centre, head bowed, with then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at the ground) hasn't read it (Photo: Getty) This police version of the cause of the disaster has since proved to be utterly false and the police found to have engaged in a concerted effort to peddle a 'tanked-up mob' fiction to shift responsibility on to Liverpool fans. The Echo reports that the Hillsborough Family Support Group chair Margaret Aspinall responded to Ingham's refusal to apologise by saying: “Just like the woman, he is not for turning. We know the truth and deep down he knows the truth, he just can’t face it. We have proved that he’s wrong.” Like us on Facebook	Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of Stroke \| The Huffington Post Margaret Thatcher Dead: Former UK Prime Minister Dies Of Stroke 04/08/2013 07:54 am ET \| Updated Jun 08, 2013 12k AP/The Huffington Post The Associated Press reports that former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher has died of a stroke. The news was confirmed by her spokesman Lord Bell. "It is with great sadness that Mark and Carol Thatcher announced that their mother Baroness Thatcher died peacefully following a stroke this morning," Lord Tim Bell said , according to Reuters. More from the Associated Press: LONDON _ Love her or loathe her, one thing's beyond dispute: Margaret Thatcher transformed Britain. The Iron Lady who ruled for 11 remarkable years imposed her will on a fractious, rundown nation _ breaking the unions, triumphing in a far-off war, and selling off state industries at a record pace. She left behind a leaner government and more prosperous nation by the time a mutiny ousted her from No. 10 Downing Street. Thatcher’s former spokesman, Tim Bell, said that the former prime minister had died Monday morning of a stroke. She was 87. For admirers, Thatcher was a savior who rescued Britain from ruin and laid the groundwork for an extraordinary economic renaissance. For critics, she was a heartless tyrant who ushered in an era of greed that kicked the weak out onto the streets and let the rich become filthy rich. "Let us not kid ourselves, she was a very divisive figure," said Bernard Ingham, Thatcher's press secretary for her entire term. "She was a real toughie. She was a patriot with a great love for this country, and she raised the standing of Britain abroad." Thatcher was the first _ and still only _ female prime minister in Britain's history. But she often found feminists tiresome and was not above using her handbag as a prop to underline her swagger and power. A grocer's daughter, she rose to the top of Britain's snobbish hierarchy the hard way, and envisioned a classless society that rewarded hard work and determination. She was a trailblazer who at first believed trailblazing impossible: Thatcher told the Liverpool Daily Post in 1974 that she did not think a woman would serve as party leader or prime minister during her lifetime. But once in power, she never showed an ounce of doubt. Thatcher could be intimidating to those working for her: British diplomats sighed with relief on her first official visit to Washington D.C. as prime minister to find that she was relaxed enough to enjoy a glass of whiskey and a half-glass of wine during an embassy lunch, according to official documents. Like her close friend and political ally Ronald Reagan, Thatcher seemed motivated by an unshakable belief that free markets would build a better country than reliance on a strong, central government. Another thing she shared with the American president: a tendency to reduce problems to their basics, choose a path, and follow it to the end, no matter what the opposition. She formed a deep attachment to the man she called "Ronnie" _ some spoke of it as a schoolgirl crush. Still, she would not back down when she disagreed with him on important matters, even though the United States was the richer and vastly stronger partner in the so-called "special relationship." Thatcher was at her brashest when Britain was challenged. When Argentina's military junta seized the remote Falklands Islands from Britain in 1982, she did not hesitate even though her senior military advisers said it might not be feasible to reclaim the islands. She simply would not allow Britain to be pushed around, particularly by military dictators, said Ingham, who recalls the Falklands War as the tensest period of Thatcher's three terms in power. When diplomacy failed, she dispatched a military task force that accomplished her goal, despite the naysayers. "That required enormous leadership," Ingham said. "This was a formidable undertaking, this was a risk with a capital R-I-S-K, and she demonstrated her leadership by saying she would give the military their marching order	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,417	What is Julia Donaldson's hugely successful character and book, based on a Chinese folk tale of a fox that borrows the terror of a tiger?	Library News \| Greensboro Free Library Greensboro Free Library 53 Wilson Street Greensboro, Vermont 05841 \| 802-533-2531 \| greensborofree@yahoo.com Menu NEW ARRIVALS – DECEMBER 2016 ADULT FICTION “The Cottage” by Michael Phillips — “Phillips continues his Secrets of the Shetlands series (The Inheritance, 2016) with the drama of the rightful heir to the island of Whales Reef in the Scottish Shetland Islands…. Phillips’ affinity for and expertise in Scottish cultural heritage enrich this classically structured, well-paced tale. …. While his style is an acquired taste, Phillips crafts a thoughtful story with lovely settings while exploring appealing themes of secrets, vulnerability, and traditional values, including duty to family.” — Campos, Kate. AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, c2016. “Demelza: A Novel of Cornwall, 1788-1790” by Winston Graham -“In the enchanting second novel in Winston Graham’s beloved Poldark series, Demelza Carne, an impoverished miner’s daughter Ross Poldark rescued from a fairground brawl, now happily finds herself his wife. Against the stunning backdrop of eighteenth century Cornwall, Demelza sweeps readers into one of the greatest love stories of all time.” – back cover “Den of Wolves” by Juliet Marillier — “A rich tale that resonates of deepest myth peopled by well-drawn characters who must sort out their personal demons, while unraveling mysteries both brutally human and magical.”—Kristen Britain, New York Times bestselling author of the Green Rider series “Faithful: A Novel” by Alice Hoffman — “”Deeply moving…[Hoffman] takes us deep into the human heart, and in a relatable story, deftly examines the healing process.” —Minneapolis Star Tribune “Hag-Seed” by Margaret Atwood – – “Atwood has designed an ingenious doubling of the plot of “The Tempest”: Felix, the usurped director, finds himself cast by circumstances as a real-life version of Prospero, the usurped Duke. If you know the play well, these echoes grow stronger when Felix decides to exact his revenge by conjuring up a new version of “The Tempest” designed to overwhelm his enemies.”—The Washington Post “Order to Kill: A Mitch Rapp Novel” by Kyle Mills — “This series continues to be the best of the best in the high-adventure, action-heavy thriller field . . . . Flynn’s name, Flynn’s characters, and Mills’ skill will take this one to the top of the charts, territory already familiar to Mitch Rapp.” (Booklist (starred review)) “This House is Mine” by Dorte Hansen — “Hansen’s haunting debut novel spans 70 years, from 1945 to the present, presenting a progression of women who carry their histories with them. Hansen’s passages about the house and its village are fully realized and vivid, allowing for the setting to enhance the characters. Hansen makes this story about the process of healing affecting, real, and memorable.”―Publishers Weekly “Life or Death” by Michael Robotham — “[A] prison-break tale with a twist . . . The writing is top-notch . . . Plenty of edge-of-the-seat excitement, forcing readers to frantically turn the pages to find out how all these different strands intersect. Robotham’s skill as a writer remains undeniable: He offers memorable characters caught up in an irresistible story.”―Kirkus Reviews “Ross Poldark: A Novel of Cornwall, 1783-1787” by Winston Graham — “..a weary Ross Poldark returns to England from war, looking forward to a joyful homecoming with his beloved Elizabeth. But instead he discovers his father has died, his home is overrun by livestock and drunken servants, and Elizabeth — believing Ross to be dead — is now engaged to his cousin. Ross has no choice but to start his life anew……With an unforgettable cast of characters that spans loves, lives and generations, this extraordinary masterwork from Winston Graham is a story you will never forget.” — back cover “Say Goodbye for Now” by Catherine Ryan Hyde — “Pete Solomon finds a new best friend and an injured mutt on the same day. The best friend, Justin Bell, is sensitive and thoughtful, like he is, but he’s also African American, while Pete is white, and in Te	Celebrating National Dog Day with 13 Favourite Fictional Dogs – Better Reading Contact Celebrating National Dog Day with 13 Favourite Fictional Dogs It’s National Dog Day in Australia this Wednesday, 26th August. To celebrate we look at some our favourite fictional hounds… Lassie Come-Home by Eric Knight Who hasn’t sobbed their heart out watching one of the popular Lassie movies? But before her movie incarnation, Lassie was a beloved collie in the 1940 book by Eric Knight. In the original –Lassie Come Home – Lassie has to be sold when Joe’s father loses his job. The amazing Lassie escapes and finds her way home three times before she is taken to a remote part of Scotland… The Call of the Wild by Jack London Formerly a pet dog with a nice life, poor Buck is kidnapped and forced into a life of hardship as a sled dog in the harsh 1890s Gold Rush. The classic tale of how he must fight for his survival in the wild. The Eye of the Sheep by Sofie Laguna Of course fictional dogs don’t only make their appearance in the classics – loving dogs have universal appeal and in this year’s Miles Franklin-winning The Eye of the Sheep, difficult child Jimmy Flick bonds with his uncles’s dog, Ned. Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens And not all fictional dogs are cute and cuddly either. One of Dickens’ darkest characters, the frightening, drunken villain Bill Sykes owns an English Bull Terrier, Bulls Eye. Before Bill drowns his girlfriend Nancy, he viciously beats the pitiable Bulls Eye. Cujo by Stephen King Stephen King in classic horror mode when a good-natured family dog, a St. Bernard, is bitten by a rabid bat and goes mad. Poor old Cujo then goes on a murderous rampage. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J.K. Rowling Hagrid’s massive boarhound, Fang, is not as scary as he looks and accompanies Hagrid as well as other Potter characters on their adventures through the Forbidden Forest. Fluffy the three-headed dog is far more frightening. Marley and Me by John Grogan A New York Times bestseller, Marley and Me is an autobiographical book about the writer’s golden labrador retriever, Marley, ‘the world’s worst dog’. Famous Five by Enid Blyton Anyone who loved the Famous Five will remember George’s loyal dog Timmy, a mongrel who doesn’t like ginger beer and a key member of the intrepid Five. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum Who couldn’t love small but brave Toto who gives the Wicked Witch of the West a good telling (yapping) off? Clifford the Big Red Dog by Norman Bridwell The runt of the litter, Clifford was chosen by a city child Emily Elizabeth as a Christmas present. First published in 1963, the big red dog is still going strong. He’s sweet and lovely, but sometimes his size gets him into trouble. Tintin by Hergé The white wire fox terrier Snowy is the faithful companion of Belgian cartoonist Hergé’s creation Tintin and is central to the little guy’s adventures. Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie The children’s faithful nurse, the dog Nana, was said to be inspired by J.M. Barrie’s own dog, a St. Bernard called Porthos. The 101 Dalmatians by Dodie Smith Long before the Disney movies, the black and white puppies were immortalised in the 1956 children’s book by Dodie Smith.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,418	Which British artist active since the 1970's has released albums entitled Never for Ever and Aerial?	KATE BUSH - NEVER FOR EVER [1980] - Αντιφωνίες Website: www.katebush.com Catherine «Kate» Bush, CBE (born 30 July 1958) is an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. She is known for her eclectic and experimental music as well as her idiosyncratic performances. Bush first came to note in 1978 when, at the age of 19, she topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks with her debut single, «Wuthering Heights», becoming the first female artist to achieve a UK number-one with a self-written song. She has since released twenty-five UK Top 40 singles, including the top ten hits «The Man with the Child in His Eyes», «Babooshka», «Running Up That Hill», and «King of the Mountain». She has released ten studio albums, all of which reached the UK Top 10, including the UK number-one albums, Never for Ever (1980) and Hounds of Love (1985). She is the first British solo female artist to top the UK album charts and the first female artist ever to enter the album chart at number-one, as well as the first (and to date, only) female artist to have top five albums in the UK charts in five successive decades. Bush has been nominated 13 times for British Phonographic Industry accolades, and in 1987 she won a Brit Award for Best British Female Artist. During the course of her career, she has also been nominated for three Grammy Awards. In 2002, she was recognised with an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. Bush was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to music. Early life Bush was born in Bexleyheath, Kent, (now part of the London Borough of Bexley) to English medical doctor Robert Bush (1920–2008) and Hannah Daly (1918–1992; from County Waterford, Ireland). She was raised as a Roman Catholic in their farmhouse in East Wickham with her older brothers, John and Paddy. Bush came from an artistic background: her mother was an accomplished traditional Irish dancer, her father was an accomplished pianist, Paddy worked as a musical instrument maker and John was a poet and photographer. Both brothers were involved in the local folk music scene. John was a karateka at Goldsmiths College karate club and Kate also trained there, becoming known as «Ee-ee» because of her squeaky kiai. One of the instructors, Dave Hazard, later noted in his autobiography that her dance moves seemed to owe something to karate. Her family’s musical influence inspired Bush to teach herself the piano at the age of 11. She also played the organ in a barn behind her parents’ house and studied the violin. She soon began writing her own tunes and eventually added lyrics to them. Musical career 1975–77: Beginnings Bush attended St Joseph’s Convent Grammar School, a Catholic girls’ school (later part of St Mary’s and St Joseph’s School, Sidcup), in Woolwich Road, Abbey Wood, south east London, in the mid-1970s. During this time her family produced a demo tape with over 50 of her compositions, which was turned down by record labels. David Gilmour of Pink Floyd received the demo from Ricky Hopper, a mutual friend of Gilmour and the Bush family. Impressed with what he heard, Gilmour helped the sixteen-year-old Bush get a more professional-sounding demo tape recorded that would be more saleable to the record companies. Three tracks in total were recorded and paid for by Gilmour. The tape was produced by Gilmour’s friend Andrew Powell, who would go on to produce Bush’s first two albums, and sound engineer Geoff Emerick. The tape was sent to EMI executive Terry Slater. Slater was impressed by the tape and signed her. The British record industry was reaching a point of stagnation. Progressive rock was very popular and visually oriented rock performers were growing in popularity, thus record labels looking for the next big thing were considering experimental acts. «Every female you see at a piano is either Lynsey de Paul, or Carole King. And most male music – not all of it but the good stuff – really lays it on you. It really puts you against the wall and that’s what I like to do.	Andrew Gold: Musician and songwriter whose collaborators included Ronstadt, Garfunkel and Cher \| The Independent Andrew Gold: Musician and songwriter whose collaborators included Ronstadt, Garfunkel and Cher Tuesday 7 June 2011 23:00 BST Click to follow The Independent Online Andrew Gold was part of the outstanding musical scene which developed in Los Angeles in the 1970s and included Linda Ronstadt, the Eagles, Bonnie Raitt and Jackson Browne. Gold, a multi-instrumentalist, played on numerous albums and also had his own hit singles with "Lonely Boy", "Never Let Her Slip Away" and "Thank You For Being A Friend". He could have had, and perhaps should have had, more solo success but his voice was probably not distinctive enough. "I know I can sing," he told me in 2000, "but I also know that I'm not Lennon or Sinatra." Andrew Gold was born in Burbank in August 1951, the son of two highly musical parents. His father, Ernest, was a film composer who wrote the scores for On The Beach (1959) and Exodus (1960), and his mother, Marni Nixon, had a singing role in The Sound Of Music (1962) and was also Natalie Wood's singing voice in West Side Story (1961) and Audrey Hepburn's in My Fair Lady (1964). For part of his adolescence, Gold was educated in the UK. His musical talent was soon appreciated and in the early 1970s he was playing in two Los Angeles bands, Bryndle and the Rangers, both with the guitarist Kenny Edwards. While at Oakwood School in Hollywood, he met Linda Ronstadt, then singing with the Stone Poneys. Both Edwards and Gold were invited to join the Stone Poneys, and his burgeoning talent was soon recognised. Gold sang and played guitars and keyboards on her big-selling and highly acclaimed solo albums, Heart Like A Wheel (1974), Prisoner In Disguise (1975), Hasten Down The Wind (1976), Living In The USA (1978), Mad Love (1980) and Get Closer (1982). In 1975 Linda Ronstadt had her only US No 1 with a revival of "You're No Good", previously a hit for Betty Everett and the Swinging Blue Jeans. The record was produced by Peter Asher but it was a tour de force for Gold, who played electric piano and drums as well as the guitar solo. Gold sang a duet with Ronstadt on a revival of the Everly Brothers' "When Will I Be Loved", while Ronstadt encouraged him to make solo records and sang backing vocals on his first hit, "Lonely Boy". Although Gold put personal references in "Lonely Boy" (1975) including his year of birth, he told me that it was not autobiographical: "Maybe it was a mistake to do that but I simply put in those details because it was convenient. I hadn't been a lonely boy at all – I'd had a very happy childhood." In1978, Gold had a UK Top 10 single with the ultra-catchy "Never LetHer Slip Away". "It's like McCartney meets Brian Wilson," he explained, "I can always tell when I am going into that mode. There's a very cheap synthesiser on that record, but it was right for the song." Gold promoted the single in the UK, admittedly spending much of his earnings in the gambling club, Crockfords. This led to his album track, "I'm A Gambler". He followed up with another Top 20 single, "How Can This Be Love". Gold had a third hit in 1978 with "Thank You For Being A Friend", which had a new lease of life when it was sung by Cindy Fee as the theme for TheGolden Girls (1985-92). Gold released the albums, Andrew Gold (1975), What's Wrong With This Picture (1976), AllThis And Heaven Too (1978) and Whirlwind (1980). He did, however, refuseto sign contracts with music publishing companies, calling them "banks with real bad interest rates posing as song pluggers." There is no doubt that Gold was regarded as a very safe pair of hands and he was invited to play on scores of albums. They included Maria Muldaur (1974), Kate And Anna McGarrigle (1975), Jennifer Warnes' Shot Through The Heart (1979) and Stephen Bishop's Careless (1976). He was strongly featured on Art Garfunkel's album, Breakaway (1975) and provided most of the accompaniment on the stunning No 1 single, "I Only Have Eyes For You". Less successful was his support for a P	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,419	In ancient Athens, what tree was considered sacred -- with all its fruit belonging to the state, and death the penalty for anyone caught cutting one down?	Untitled Document Herodotus' Description of Egypt and the Egyptians [The History of Herodotus, George Rawlinson, ed. and tr., vol. 2 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1885), Book 2, Chapters 5-99] 5. For any one who sees Egypt, without having heard a word about it before, must perceive, if he has only common powers of observation, that the Egypt to which the Greeks go in their ships is an acquired country, the gift of the river. The same is true of the land above the lake, to the distance of three days' voyage, concerning which the Egyptians say nothing, but which exactly the same kind of country. The following is the general character of the region. In the first place, on approaching it by sea, when you are still a day's sail from the land, if you let down a sounding-line you will bring up mud, and find yourself in eleven fathoms' water, which shows that the soil washed down by the stream extends to that distance. 6. The length of the country along shore, according to the bounds that we assign to Egypt, namely from the Plinthinetic gulf to Lake Serbonis, which extends along the base of Mount Casius, is sixty schoenes. The nations whose territories are scanty measure them by the fathom; those whose bounds are less confined, by the furlong; those who have an ample territory, by the parasang; but if men have a country which is very vast, they measure it by the schoene. Now the length of the parasang is thirty furlongs, but the schoene, which is an Egyptian measure, is sixty furlongs. Thus the coastline of Egypt would extend a length of three thousand six hundred furlongs. 7. From the coast inland as far as Heliopolis the breadth of Egypt is considerable, the country is flat, without springs, and full of swamps. The length of the route from the sea up to Heliopolis is almost exactly the same as that of the road which runs from the altar of the twelve gods at Athens to the temple of Olympian Jove at Pisa. If a person made a calculation he would find but a very little difference between the two routes, not more than about fifteen furlongs; for the road from Athens to Pisa falls short of fifteen hundred furlongs by exactly fifteen, whereas the distance of Heliopolis from the sea is just the round number. 8. As one proceeds beyond Heliopolis up the country, Egypt becomes narrow, the Arabian range of hills, which has a direction from north to south, shutting it in upon the one side, and the Libyan range upon the other. The former ridge runs on without a break, and stretches away to the sea called the Erythraean; it contains the quarries whence the stone was cut for the pyramids of Memphis: and this is the point where it ceases its first direction, and bends away in the manner above indicated. In its greatest length from east to west it is, as I have been informed, a distance of two months' journey towards the extreme east its skirts produce frankincense. Such are the chief features of this range. On the Libyan side, the other ridge whereon the pyramids stand is rocky and covered with sand; its direction is the same as that of the Arabian ridge in the first part of its course. Above Heliopolis, then, there is no great breadth of territory for such a country as Egypt, but during four days' sail Egypt is narrow; the valley between the two ranges is a level plain, and seemed to me to be, at the narrowest point, not more than two hundred furlongs across from the Arabian to the Libyan hills. Above this point Egypt again widens. 8. From Heliopolis to Thebes is nine days' sail up the river; the distance is eighty-one schoenes, or 4860 furlongs. If we now put together the several measurements of the country we shall find that the distance along shore is, as I stated above, 3600 furlongs, and the distance from the sea inland to Thebes 6120 furlongs. Further, it is a distance of eighteen hundred furlongs from Thebes to the place called Elephantine. 9. The greater portion of the country above described seemed to me to be, as the priests declared, a tract gained by the inhabitants. For the whole region above Memphis, lying between the two	Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, The Trojan War A History of Ancient Greece The Glory That Was Greece Author:�� Jewsbury, Lewis 800 BC: Homeric writings 1186 BC: The Trojan War Although the Trojan War was the subject of legend and myth in the writings of Homer, there is little doubt that some great conflict took place that resulted in Greek expansion into the coast of Asia Minor and the extension of trade into the Black Sea. Excavations by the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the late 19th century revealed that the city of Troy was a prosperous center as far back as 3000 BC. The ten-year war is believed to have taken place in the early 12th century BC . According to legend, Paris, the son of Troy's King Priam, abducted Helen, wife of King Menelaus of Sparta. Menelaus's brother, King Agamemnon of Mycenae, waged war to regain Helen, who was famous for her beauty. The war over Helen is the source of the saying, "the face that launched a thousand ships." Homer's poem the 'Iliad' begins in the middle of the war. The tale centers on the battle itself, particularly on the character of the Greek hero Achilles and his personal vendetta against Hector, leader of the Trojan forces. This early tale of the triumphs and tragedies of war is considered an epic, a work that chronicles the legendary history of a nation. ACHILLES Among the Greeks who fought against Troy, the one considered the bravest was Achilles. His mother was the goddess Thetis, a Nereid (sea nymph). His father was Peleus, king of Thessaly and a grandson of Zeus, the lord of heaven. It was at the wedding feast of Thetis and Peleus that the goddess Eris (Discord) hurled among the guests a golden apple that was to cause the Trojan War. Soon after the birth of Achilles, Thetis tried to outwit the Fates, who had foretold that war would cut down her son in his prime. So that no weapon might ever wound him, she dipped her baby in the black waters of the Styx, the river that flowed around the underworld. Only the heel by which she held him was untouched by the magic waters, and this was the only part of his body that could be wounded. This is the source of the expression Achilles' heel, meaning a vulnerable point. When the Trojan War began, Achilles' mother, fearing that the decree of the Fates would prove true, dressed him as a girl and hid him among the maidens at the court of the king of Scyros. The trick did not succeed. Odysseus, the shrewdest of the Greeks, went to the court disguised as a peddler. When he had spread his wares before the girls, a sudden trumpet blast was sounded. The girls screamed and fled, but Achilles betrayed his sex by seizing a sword and spear from the peddler's stock. Achilles joined the battle and took command of his father's men, the Myrmidons. They set an example of bravery for the other Greeks. Then he quarreled with Agamemnon, the leader of the Greeks, over a captive whom he loved. When she was taken from him, he withdrew his followers from the fight and sulked in his tent. As a result the Greek armies were driven back to their ships by the Trojans. At last, moved by the plight of the Greeks, Achilles entrusted his men and his armor to Patroclus, his best friend. Thus, when Patroclus led the Myrmidons into battle, the Trojans mistook him for Achilles and fled in panic. Patroclus, however, was killed by Hector, the leader of the Trojans. Achilles' armor became the prize of Hector. Angered and stricken by grief, Achilles vowed to kill Hector. Meanwhile, his mother hastened to Olympus to beg a new suit of armor from Hephaestus, god of the forge. Clad in his new armor, Achilles again went into battle. He slew many Trojans, and the rest--except for Hector--fled within their city. Achilles then killed Hector. Although the Trojans had now lost their leader, they were able to continue fighting with the help of other nations. Achilles broke the strength of these allies by killing Memnon, prince of the Ethiopians, and Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons Achilles was now weary of war and,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,420	Name the monk, born a few years after the death of St. Cuthbert, whose great work was his 'Ecclesiastical History of England'?	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Cuthbert Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > C > St. Cuthbert St. Cuthbert Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download . Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99... Bishop of Lindisfarne , patron of Durham , born about 635; died 20 March, 687. His emblem is the head of St. Oswald, king and martyr , which he is represented as bearing in his hands. His feast is kept in Great Britain and Ireland on the 20th of March, and he is patron of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle , where his commemoration is inserted among the Suffrages of the Saints. His early biographers give no particulars of his birth, and the accounts in the "Libellus de ortu", which represent him as the son of an Irish king named Muriahdach, though recently supported by Cardinal Moran and Archbishop Healy, are rejected by later English writers as legendary. Moreover, St. Bede's phrase, Brittania . . . genuit (Vita Metricia, c. i), points to his English birth. He was probably born in the neighbourhood of Mailros (Melrose) of lowly parentage, for as a boy he used to tend sheep on the mountain-sides near that monastery . While still a child living with his foster-mother Kenswith his future lot as bishop had been foretold by a little play-fellow, whose prophecy had a lasting effect on his character. He was influenced, too, by the holiness of the community of Mailros, where St. Eata was abbot and St. Basil prior. In the year 651, while watching his sheep, he saw in a vision the soul of St. Aidan carried to heaven by angels , and inspired by this became a monk at Mailros. Yet it would seem that the troubled state of the country hindered him from carrying out his resolution at once. Certain it is that at one part of his life he was a soldier, and the years which succeed the death of St. Aidan and Oswin of Deira seem to have been such as would call for the military service of most of the able-bodied men of Northumbria, which was constantly threatened at this time by the ambition of its southern neighbor, King Penda of Mercia. Peace was not restored to the land until some four years later, as the consequence of a great battle which was fought between the Northumbrians and the Mercians at Winwidfield. It was probably after this battle that Cuthbert found himself free once more to turn to the life he desired. He arrived at Mailros on horseback and armed with a spear. Here he soon became eminent for holiness and learning, while from the first his life was distinguished by supernatural occurrences and miracles . When the monastery at Ripon was founded he went there as guest-master, but in 661 he, with other monks who adhered to the customs of Celtic Christianity , returned to Mailros owing to the adoption at Ripon of the Roman Usage in celebrating Easter and other matters. Shortly after his return he was struck by a pestilence which then attacked the community, but he recovered, and became prior in place of St. Boisil , who died of the disease in 664. In this year the Synod of Whitby decided in favour of the Roman Usage, and St. Cuthbert, who accepted the decision, was sent by St. Eata to be prior at Lindisfarne , in order that he might introduce the Roman customs into that house. This was a difficult matter which needed all his gentle tact and patience to carry out successfully, but the fact that one so renowned for sanctity , who had himself been brought up in the Celtic tradition, was loyally conforming to the Roman use, did much to support the cause of St. Wilfrid . In this matter St. Cuthbert's influence on his time was very marked. At Lindisfarne he spent much time in evangelizing the people. He was noted for his devotion to the Mass, which he could not celebrate without tears, and for the success with which his zealous charity drew sinners to God . At length, in 676, moved by a desire to attain greater perfection by means of the contemplative life, he retired, with the abbot's leave, to a spot which Archbishop Eyre identifies with St. Cuthbert'	Erasmus English Bible History Erasmus In considering the experiences of Linacre and Colet, the great scholar Erasmus was so moved to correct the corrupt Latin Vulgate, that in 1516, with the help of printer John Froben, he published a Greek-Latin Parallel New Testament. The Latin part was not the corrupt Vulgate, but his own fresh rendering of the text from the more accurate and reliable Greek, which he had managed to collate from a half-dozen partial old Greek New Testament manuscripts he had acquired. This milestone was the first non-Latin Vulgate text of the scripture to be produced in a millennium… and the first ever to come off a printing press. The 1516 Greek-Latin New Testament of Erasmus further focused attention on just how corrupt and inaccurate the Latin Vulgate had become, and how important it was to go back and use the original Greek (New Testament) and original Hebrew (Old Testament) languages to maintain accuracy. Erasmus, a.k.a. Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, (October 27, 1466 - July 12, 1536) was a Dutch humanist and theologian. He was born Geert Geertsen in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Erasmus died in 1536 in Basel, Switzerland. One of the most famous and amusing quotes from the noted scholar and translator Erasmus was, "When I get a little money I buy books; and if any is left I buy food and clothes." The Early Life of Erasmus Information as to his family and early life comes from a few meager accounts written or suggested by himself at a somewhat advanced age and from many but vague references in his writings at all periods of his life. He was doubtless born out of wedlock, well cared for by his parents till their early death, and then given the best education open to a young man of his day in a series of monastic or semi-monastic schools. All this early education is made by him in the light of later experience to appear like one long conspiracy to force him into the monastic life. He was admitted to the priesthood and took the monastic vows at about the age of twenty-five, but there is no record that he ever exercised the priestly functions, and monasticism was one of the chief objects of his attack in his lifelong assault upon the evils of the Church. Studies and Travels of Erasmus Almost immediately after his consecration the way was opened to him for study at the University of Paris, then the chief seat of the later scholastic learning, but already beginning to feel the influence of the revived classic culture of Italy. From this time on Erasmus led the life of an independent scholar, independent of country, of academic ties, of religious allegiance, of everything that could interfere with the free development of his intellect and the freedom of his literary expression. The chief centers of his activity were Paris, Louvain, England, and Basel; yet it could never be said that he was identified with any one of these. His residences in England were fruitful in the making of lifelong friendships with the leaders of English thought in the stirring days of Henry VIII. — John Colet , Thomas More, Thomas Linacre , and William Grocyn. He held at Cambridge an honorable position as Lady Margaret professor of divinity, and there seems to have been no reason except his unconquerable aversion to a routine life, why he should not have spent his days as an English professor. He stayed at Queens' College, Cambridge and may have been an alumnus. He was offered many positions of honor and profit in the academic world, but declined them all on one or another pretext, preferring the uncertain, but as it proved sufficient rewards of independent literary activity. In Italy he spent three years (1506-09), part of the time in connection with the publishing house of Aldus Manutius at Venice. The residence at Louvain expo	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,421	Who was said to have interceded to save the life of Captain John Smith, was later taken hostage and held at Jamestown, married John Rolfe, came to England and died at Gravesend in 1617?	Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend Detail of the map showing the various towns in the Powhatan Chiefdom. Jamestown and Werowocomoco (Powhatan's capital) are underlined in red. John Smith's Map of 1612 Not much is known about this memorable woman. What we do know was written by others, as none of her thoughts or feelings were ever recorded. Specifically, her story has been told through written historical accounts and, most recently, through the sacred oral history of the Mattaponi. Most notably, Pocahontas has left an indelible impression that has endured for more than 400 years. And yet, many people who know her name do not know much about her. The Written History Pocahontas was born about 1596 and named "Amonute," though she also had a more private name of Matoaka. She was called "Pocahontas" as a nickname, which meant "playful one," because of her frolicsome and curious nature. She was the daughter of Wahunsenaca (Chief Powhatan), the mamanatowick (paramount chief) of the Powhatan Chiefdom. At its height, the Powhatan Chiefdom had a population of about 25,000 and included more than 30 Algonquian speaking tribes - each with its own werowance (chief). The Powhatan Indians called their homeland "Tsenacomoco." As the daughter of the paramount chief Powhatan, custom dictated that Pocahontas would have accompanied her mother, who would have gone to live in another village, after her birth (Powhatan still cared for them). However, nothing is written by the English about Pocahontas' mother. Some historians have theorized that she died during childbirth, so it is possible that Pocahontas did not leave like most of her half-siblings. Either way, Pocahontas would have eventually returned to live with her father Powhatan and her half-siblings once she was weaned. Her mother, if still living, would then have been free to remarry. How a young Pocahontas might have looked. Unknown British Museum As a young girl, Pocahontas would have worn little to no clothing and had her hair shaven except for a small section in the back that was grown out long and usually braided. The shaven parts were probably bristly most of the time as the Powhatan Indians used mussel shells for shaving. In winter, she could have worn a deerskin mantle (not everyone could afford one). As she grew, she would have been taught women's work; even though the favorite daughter of the paramount chief Powhatan afforded her a more privileged lifestyle and more protection, she still needed to know how to be an adult woman. Women's work was separate from men's work, but both were equally taxing and equally important as both benefited all Powhatan society. As Pocahontas would learn, besides bearing and rearing children, women were responsible for building the houses (called yehakins by the Powhatan), which they may have owned. Women did all the farming, (planting and harvesting), the cooking (preparing and serving), collected water needed to cook and drink, gathered firewood for the fires (which women kept going all the time), made mats for houses (inside and out), made baskets, pots, cordage, wooden spoons, platters and mortars. Women were also barbers for the men and would process any meat the men brought home as well as tanning hides to make clothing. Another important thing Pocahontas had to learn to be an adult woman was how to collect edible plants. As a result, she would need to identify the various kinds of useful plants and have the ability to recognize them in all seasons. All of the skills it took to be an adult woman Pocahontas would have learned by the time she was about thirteen, which was the average age Powhatan women reached puberty. Captain John Smith. Unknown Artist When the English arrived and settled Jamestown in May 1607, Pocahontas was about eleven years old. Pocahontas and her father would not meet any Englishmen until the winter of 1607, when Captain John Smith (	'Maria Bicknell, Mrs John Constable', John Constable, 1816 \| Tate Catalogue entry Display caption Maria Bicknell was a daughter of the Solicitor to the Admiralty. Her grandfather was the rector of East Bergholt, where Constable first met her in 1800. The two fell in love in 1809 but, partly because of the rector's opposition, did not marry until 1816. Constable painted Maria’s portrait in July 1816, about three months before their marriage. In August Constable wrote to Maria from Suffolk: ‘I would not be without your portrait for the world the sight of it soon calms my spirit under all trouble’. Twelve years later Maria died from tuberculosis, leaving seven young children to Constable’s care. Gallery label, May 2007 Catalogue entry N02655 Maria Bicknell, Mrs John Constable Dated July 1816 Oil on canvas, 11 15/16×9 7/8 (30.3×25.1). Inscribed by the artist ‘July. 10 1816’ at left above sitter's shoulder. Prov: Executors of Isabel Constable, sold Christie's 17 June 1892 (270, ‘Portrait of Mrs. Constable’), bt. Murry or Murray £2.2s.; ...; bequeathed by George Salting to the National Gallery 1910; transferred to the Tate Gallery 1951. Accession N02655. Exh: Grosvenor Gallery 1889(282); Agnew's 1910(71); Tate Gallery 1937(p.38, No.96); Tate Gallery 1976(143). Lit: Holmes 1910, pp.80–85; Shirley 1937, pp.lxxvii, 98; Davies 1946, pp.36–7; Chamot 1956, p.261; Beckett 1961, Paintings: Misc. VII(10) No.24; Hoozee 1979, No.220. Maria Elizabeth Bicknell (1788–1828) was a daughter of Charles Bicknell, Solicitor to the Admiralty, and his second wife, Maria Elizabeth Rhudde. The latter's father, the Revd Dr Durand Rhudde, was rector of East Bergholt with Great Wenham, and also of Brantham, Suffolk, as well as a chaplain in ordinary to George III. According to Leslie (1843, p.12, 1951, p.25) it was on one of Maria Bicknell's visits to her grandfather at East Bergholt rectory, in 1800, that she and Constable first met. Not until 1809, however, did they begin to form a close attachment. Their marriage was delayed until 1816 largely because Maria's family, and especially Dr Rhudde, disapproved of their association. No.13 was painted in London on 10 July that year, shortly after the couple had decided to marry as soon as possible despite Dr Rhudde's continued opposition. A date in September was fixed on and Constable went down to East Bergholt, taking the portrait with him. In a letter to Maria from there on 28 July, he wrote: ‘I am sitting before your portrait - which when I look off the paper - is so extremely like that I can hardly help going up to it - I never had an idea before of the real pleasure that a portrait could afford - “this sweet remembrancer of one so dear” has caused no smal sensation here in a party last Thursday evng of the Bowens - the Curates &c &c - but no observations have been made excepting as to likeness - which [?Robinson] says is extreme - I know not wether it has yet reached the Rectory - but this I know that I care not - it would be foolish uselessly to irritate this old man [i.e. Dr Rhudde]’ (JCC II, p.189). On 1 August he was going to call on his friend and patron Mrs Godfrey, who was unwell: ‘she wants to see your portrait’, Constable told Maria, ‘& as she cannot come out <she> I have promised to take it to her - so that we shall have a walk in the fair together - which is an honor that perhaps you did not expect - I dont hear that its being [here] has yet reached the rectory - & if it has we cannot help it’ (JCC II, p.191: the annual fair, held in Church Street near the Constables' house, was in progress). Constable again mentioned the portrait when he wrote to Maria on 16 August: ‘I would not be without your portrait for the world the sight of it soon calms my spirit under all trouble and it is always the first thing I see in the morning and the last at night’ (JCC II, p.195). Constable and Maria Bicknell were finally married on 2 October 1816 at St Martin's-in-the-Fields, Constable's close friend John Fisher officiating. Part of their honeymoon was spent with the Fishers, also newly married, at their vi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,422	The road from Paris to Montpellier passes over the highest bridge in the world, completed in 2004. Which river valley does it span ?	General notes on maritime commerce and shipping in the early centuries CE A. The Main Caravan Routes. B. The territories of Haixi, Haibei and Haidong. C. The “great seas” and the “Western Sea.” D. Sea Silk. F. Maritime Commerce and Shipping during the Han Period. G. The Water Cisterns on the Route between Petra and Wadi Sirhan. H. The Identification of the city of Angu with Ancient Gerrha and Modern Thaj. I. The Spread of Ideas and Religions along the Trade Routes. J. Climate and other Changes along the Silk Routes. K. The Identification of Jibin as Kapisha-Gandhāra. L. The Introduction of Silk Cultivation to Khotan in the 1st Century CE. M. The Canals and Roads from the Red Sea to the Nile. N. Kanishka’s Hostage in History and Legend. A. The Main Caravan Routes The overland routes from China to India, Parthia, and the Roman Empire stretched thousands of kilometres and presented the traveller with many geographical, and ever-changing political, obstacles. Rarely, if ever, did caravans travel the whole route. Goods were carried to market-places where they were sold or traded, local taxes paid, and then other merchants transported them onward. Long-distance freight costs were high, so preference was given to trade in rare or precious goods that were relatively light, compact, and non-perishable (such as silk). The animal that made this long-distance trade possible was the camel. Camels can carry half as much as a horse and cart, and twice as much as a mule. They can travel long distances with minimal water and fodder. Carts and formed roads were, not needed, substantially reducing transport costs. Caravans could use alternative routes, or head across open country, whenever necessary. There was no need to stick to a road, if there was enough water, fodder and fuel available. At first the caravans mostly used the two-humped, or ‘Bactrian’ camel, native to Central Asia, and better adapted to the cold than the one-humped dromedary, or ‘Arabian’ camel. Cable and French (1943), pp. 169-172. At some point, it was discovered that first-generation hybrids between the two had more stamina than either of the original breeds, but it was some centuries before a cold-resistant one-humped variety was bred. Bulliet (1975), pp. 141-175. A standard camel load in Roman times was about 195 kg (430 pounds). Over 227 kg (or 500 pounds) could sometimes be carried for shorter distances. A pack camel could travel 24 to 32 kilometres (15 to 20 miles) a day, and go for long periods without food or water. Bulliet (1975), pp. 20, 24, 281, n. 35. The main east-west caravan routes provided excellent conditions for camel travel almost the whole way from China to the Roman Orient. Trade between distant parts of the Eurasian landmass has been occurring for several thousand years at least. Lapis lazuli was traded from the mines in eastern Badakhshan to Mesopotamia and Egypt by the second half of the fourth millennium BCE at the latest. The earliest long-distance road, the ‘Persian Royal Road,’ may have been in use as early as 3,500 BCE. By the time of Herodotus, (c. 475 BCE) it ran some 2,857 km from the city of Susa on the lower Tigris to Smyrna near the Aegean Sea. It was maintained and protected by the Achaemenian empire and had postal stations and relays at regular intervals. By having fresh horses and riders ready at each relay, royal couriers could carry messages the entire distance in 9 days, though normal travellers took about three months. This ‘Royal Road’ linked in to many other routes –some of them, such as the routes to India and Central Asia, were also protected by the Achaemenids, ensuring regular contact between India, Mesopotamia and the Mediterranean. Another very ancient series of routes linked Badakhshān in northeastern Afghanistan –the only known source of lapis lazuli in the ancient world – with Mesopotamia and Egypt by the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, and by the third millennium with the Harappan civilization in the Indus va	Madrid’s new river \| Iberosphere \| Spain News and Portugal News - Information and Analysis By James Blick Unlike the great rivers of Europe – the Rhine, the Danube or the Seine, so often evoked in art and so historically significant as trade routes or the frontiers of empire, Madrid’s Manzanares is more likely to induce a shrug. Or, as is tradition amongst Madrilenians, a one-liner. In parts completely dry during summer, in other parts a series of large puddles, it’s often not much more than a riverbed with a stream running through it. Or, as one Spanish writer suggested, a trail of saliva. Madrid's Manzanares: Not so much a river as a riverbed with a stream running through it. Photo: James Blick. Descending from the Sierra de Guadarrama to the north of the city before – 87 kilometres later – giving up the ghost and dumping into the River Jarama to the south, it skirts Madrid’s western edge as if ashamed and trying to slink through town without being noticed. It succeeds. Dumas once quipped that he’d wanted to visit the Manzanares while in Madrid, but couldn’t find it. And in the 1970s, the M-30, Madrid’s inner ring motorway, was built alongside its banks. For the modern traveller even if you could find the river, it was so traffic-clogged there wasn’t much point. But perhaps the best, and in light of recent events, most prophetic Manzanares wisecrack was one made in the latter half of the sixteenth century. Lope de Vega, Spain’s famous Golden Age playwright, was asked for his opinion on the impressive Segovia bridge that had recently been constructed over the modest waters. The playwright replied the city had two options: sell the bridge or buy a river. Four centuries later Madrid has finally settled on the latter. In an astounding feat of urban renewal that’s taken eight years, occasioned a budget blow-out and demanded a healthy right-wing disregard for environmental legislation, the sections of the M-30 that flanked the river have been interred – cars now pass through 43 kilometres of underground tunnels – and the banks of the Manzanares have been reclaimed and revamped as an enormous greenbelt. Just finished in time for summer and running eight kilometres in length, it includes 33,000 and 460,000 planted trees and bushes, respectively, football pitches, fountains, playgrounds, baroque-style gardens, new bridges, restored old bridges, cafes, a BMX track, climbing walls, a concert area big enough for 20,000, an orchard and, even, a beach. Gallardón’s glory project An unlikely venture for the bankrupt capital of a country gone belly-up, it’s a glory project for Madrid’s conservative Mayor Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón. He calls the overhauled Manzanares a “reference point for the new Madrid”. Dubbed by his detractors as ‘the Pharaoh’ for his long list of uber-legacy projects, he believes the rejigged river will extend the cultural heart of Madrid – traditionally focussed around the tourist-soaked Puerta del Sol and Paseo del Prado – all the way to the Manzanares. One late spring afternoon I followed the freshly laid paths as they wove through the undulating parklands. The recently planted adult trees were delicate and thin, having not yet fully taken root. And the calm sounds of passing bicycles and nearby fountains bellied the chaotic tangle of pipes, electrics and vents that lay just below the surface. Some trees have only a metre and a half of substrata before the guts of Europe’s longest urban motorway tunnels begin. The hot sun, kicking up a spicy aroma of bark chips and fertiliser, had drawn curious Madrilenians to the new park for their afternoon paseo. Joggers – a rare species in Madrid – had converged, as had the elderly. Old women walked in threes, arm in arm, talking over each other about food and their health while old men, wearing cardigans despite the heat, sat silently on benches and stared. But I wasn’t aware of the river. The Manzanares was canalised in the 1950s and the water sits so low within the canal’s high stone walls that it’s often only visible when standing on a bridge and looking down. In places I	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,423	Who designed the 'Queen's House' at Greenwich, in the early 17th century?	The Queen’s House, Greenwich \| The Seventeenth Century Lady The Queen’s House, Greenwich By Andrea Zuvich on \|11,099 views\| 4 thoughts The Queen’s House in Greenwich is located in the same area as the Old Royal Naval College, the Maritime Museum, Greenwich Park, and is a short walk away from the Greenwich Observatory and Greenwich Market. Once a royal retreat, it is now a free museum open to the enjoyment of all. I took as many photos as I could, and I hope you enjoy them. I was very fortunate that the day began cloudy only to turn into a gloriously sunny, warm day. Built for Anne of Denmark in 1616 to a design by Inigo Jones, this was the first classical building in England. After Anne died, her son’s wife, Henrietta Maria, lived here for only a few years prior to the outbreak of the English Civil War. You can read up about the history of The Queen’s House here . This was, to my shame, my first visit to The Queen’s House. I know, I know, I should have gone before, especially as I lived in London for a few years. Let’s start off with the First Floor (Second Floor in the USA). This floor has the following: 1) History of the House 2) Historic Greenwich	Chippendale--The Royalty of Antique Furniture The Early Years But in 1754, Mr. Chippendale, as he was known in London, published his detailed collection, Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director, a portfolio of fashionable English furniture design templates and one of the first furniture design books. In it Chippendale adapted existing design styles to the fashion of the mid-18th century. Both makers and sellers of furniture rushed to purchase it, making Chippendale a household name. And so pervasive was the influence of his book that the name of Chippendale is often indiscriminately applied to all mid-18th century furniture. Chippendale created his Director as a catalogue from which his wealthy patrons could choose particular elements for their furniture, which would then be custom made for them in his workshop. It contained 161 plates, reflecting many elements of the Rococo, Chinese, Gothic and Neoclassical styles. Publication of the Director clearly had a stimulating effect on Chippendaleï¿½s career since all his known commissions date from after its publication. However, the Chippendale style didnï¿½t remain within the confines of the Chippendale workshops very long. So popular were the designs with the wealthy class that soon other furniture makers were using Gentleman and Cabinet-Makerï¿½s Director as a pattern book for their shops, too. In 1754, the same year as the publication of his Director, Chippendale moved to spacious premises in the fashionable paved thoroughfare of St. Martinï¿½s Lane which his firm occupied for the next 60 years. He then formed a partnership with James Rannie, a Scottish merchant, who injected capital into the business. They employed between 40 and 50 artisans. And while the notes in his Director showed Chippendale possessed a sound practical knowledge of timbers and craftsmanship, he most likely, at this stage in his career, would have been responsible for design and management, instead of working at the bench. A versatile man, he was willing to design and supply wallpapers, carpets, fire grates, decorative ormolu, chimney pieces, even complete room schemes, in addition to furniture. As well as equipping State Apartments with luxurious ensembles, his firm regularly supplied routine articles for the servantsï¿½ rooms and domestic offices. He offered a complete house furnishing service, undertook repairs, removals, hired out furniture, compiled inventories and was even prepared to direct and furnish funerals for respected customers. Fine Woods Make the Difference Chippendale style furniture was generally made of mahogany, imported from the West Indies. Though cabinetmakers occasionally used veneers, theyï¿½re not typical of this style. Instead they preferred using solid wood to accommodate the elaborate carving found in this style. And they upholstered the newly introduced camel-back sofas in rich brocades, velvets, and damasks. While cabinetmakers used Cuban, Dominican and Honduran mahogany during the latter part of the 18th Century, the finest was Cuban, a dense, heavy wood with a close grain. When they carved it, minute white flecks would appear in the wood. Honduran mahogany is lighter in weight and color. The mahoganies from the Dominican Republic and Jamaica fell somewhere between Cuban and Honduran in quality. Flame mahogany refers to the character of the grain, obtained by using the first branch or crotch of the tree. Another much sought-after grain was mottled, often referred to as "plum pudding" mahogany. Nevertheless, in the Chippendale period in America, Connecticut cabinetmakers used cherry more often than mahogany. During the same period, furniture makers in Bermuda used local cedar wh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,424	Becky Sharp is the name of a character in which famous novel, which is also the title of a famous magazine?	The Jungle Drums September 2012 by The Courier Newspaper (page 8) - issuu issuu The Jungle Drums Brain Training FAMOUS BOOKS FAMOUS FIRSTS Each of these people is famous for being the first person to do something, but what was it? 1. Helen Sharman 2. Robin Knox Johnson 3. Nancy Witcher Astor 4. Alan Mullery 5. Ursula Andress 6. Charles Lindbergh 7. Ivan IV (the Terrible) 8. Count de Grisley 9. Charles Elwood Yeager 10. Annie Taylor 1. Which famous character was created by Michael Bond in a series of books for children? 6. What "rock" did Graham Greene write about? 2. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote "Wuthering Heights"? 7. What word taken from the abbreviation for a unit of weight measurement was used by L. Frank Baum in the title of a novel? 3. What type of animals are portrayed in the book "Watership Down"? 8. "All children, except one, grow up" is the opening line from which famous story? 4. Becky Sharp is the name of a character in which famous novel, which is also the title of a famous magazine? 9. Who wrote the novel "The 39 Steps"? 10. Which famous book, published in 1816, is sub-titled "The Modern Prometheus"? 5. In George Orwell's "Animal Farm" what type of animal was "Napoleon"? DINGBATS ANSWERS 5. Rose Daffodil Tulip Daisy FAMOUS FIRSTS 1. First Briton to go into Space 2. First person to sail solo, non-stop around the world 3. First female British MP 4. First England player to be sent off in an international match 5. First Bond girl 6. First to fly across the Atlantic 7. First Tzar of Russia 8. First magician to perform the "Sawing a woman in half" trick 9. First person to break the sound barrier by flying faster than the speed of sound 10. First woman to go over Niagra Falls in a barrel Dingbats 1. Flat Iron 2. High Seas 3. One foot in the grave 4. Nice to see you 5. A bunch of flowers 6. Round Robin FAMOUS BOOKS 1. Paddington Bear 2. Emily 3. Rabbits 4. Vanity Fair 5. A pig 6. Brighton Rock 7. Oz (used in "The Wizard Of Oz") 8. Peter Pan 9. John Buchan 10. Frankenstein 8 PAGE The Jungle Drums - Tel: 966 923 796 6.	The Pegasus Daily Bulletin \| Crap, the Name Escapes Me! Crap, the Name Escapes Me! A comfortable place to hang ~ chat ~ debate ~ have fun! ~~ Etch a Sketch ~~ Post by on Jan 29, 2012 10:45:50 GMT -5 Good morning Miss Who, Sus, Peg and Tuxy Flying Horse Gabber Extraordinaire I am sorry to be posting this. i am FH's son jeff, my Mom passed away last night peacefully. Posts: 16,236 Post by Flying Horse on Jan 29, 2012 14:07:49 GMT -5 Good afternoon from Tuxy :)This is the 29th day of 2012 with 336 days left in the year. Today in NY's Finger Lakes at 2:03 p.m., it's partly cloudy , temp 37ºF [Feels like 26ºF], winds WSW @ 13 mph, humidity 52%, pressure 29.94 in and falling, dew point 21ºF, chance of precipitation 10%. Today in History: 1777--Americans retreat from Fort Independence in Bronx County, NY. 1820--Britain's King George III died insane at Windsor Castle. 1834--Andrew Jackson became the first president to use federal troops to quell labor unrest. 1843--William McKinley, the 25th president of the United States, and the first president to ride in a car, was born in Niles, Ohio; assassinated 1901 and Vice Pres. Teddy Roosevelt became president. 1846--Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven" was first published, in the New York Evening Mirror. 1850--Henry Clay introduced in the Senate a compromise bill on slavery that included the admission of California into the Union as a free state. 1856--Britain's Queen Victoria introduced the Victoria Cross to reward military acts of valor during the Crimean War. 1861--Kansas became the 34th state of the Union, entering as a free state. 1891--Liliuokalani proclaimed queen of Hawaii. 1900--the American League, consisting of eight baseball teams, was organized in Philadelphia. 1919--the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, which launched Prohibition, was certified by Acting Secretary of State Frank L. Polk. 1929--The Seeing Eye, a New Jersey-based school which trains guide dogs to assist the blind, was incorporated by Dorothy Harrison Eustis and Morris Frank. 1936--the first five members of baseball's Hall of Fame, Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, Christy Matthewson and Walter Johnson, were named in Cooperstown, N.Y. 1963--the first members of pro football's Hall of Fame were named in Canton, Ohio. 1964--Stanley Kubrick's black comic masterpiece, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb opened. 1979--Pres. Carter welcomed Chinese Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping to the White House following the establishment of diplomatic relations. 1990--former Exxon Valdez skipper Joseph Hazelwood went on trial in Anchorage, Alaska, on charges stemming from the 1989 oil spill. 1998--a bomb exploded at an abortion clinic in Birmingham, Ala., killing an off-duty policeman and severely wounding a nurse. 2002--in his first State of the Union address, Pres. Bush said terrorists were still threatening America — and he warned of "an axis of evil" consisting of North Korea, Iran and Iraq. 2006--ABC "World News Tonight" co-anchor Bob Woodruff and a cameraman were seriously injured in a roadside bombing in Iraq. 2007--Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro was euthanized because of medical complications eight months after his gruesome breakdown at the Preakness. 2007--a Palestinian suicide bomber killed three Israelis at a bakery in Eilat in the first such attack inside Israel in nine months. 2009--the Illinois Senate voted to remove Gov. Rod Blagojevich from office. 2010--abortion opponent Scott Roeder was convicted of murder by a jury in Wichita, Kan., in the shooting death of Dr. George Tiller, one of the only doctors to offer late-term abortions in the U.S. 2011-- Egyptian Pres. Mubarak named his intelligence chief, Omar Suleiman, as his first-ever vice president as chaos engulfed Cairo. World News Capsules: 1. Former Taliban officials say US talks started. ....Former officials said Taliban negotiators traveled to Qatar for discussions with American officials that included a possible prisoner transfer. 2. AUSTRALIAN OPEN: Djokovic wins longes Sam final ever. ....No. 1 seed	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,425	What was the deadliest battle of the American Civil War?	Ten Costliest Battles of the American Civil War The Ten Costliest and Bloodiest Battles of the American Civil War Estimated Total Casualties (killed, wounded, missing, and captured) Civil War Battles with most Killed and Casualties Ten Deadliest Civil War Battles with most Casualties and Killed Top Ten Civil War Battles in most Killed, Mortally Wounded, and Casualties Civil War Killed, Wounded, and Missing Civil War Killed, Wounded, and Missing The deadly tally of the American Civil War (1861-1865) was an estimated 620,000 in total killed, which was 2% of the total U.S. population. To compare the percentage of deaths with the present-day U.S. population, it is equal to 6,000,000 killed. The majority of casualties and deaths (not "killed") in the Civil War were the result of non-combat-related disease, and for every soldier killed as a consequence of battle, two died of disease. The ten battles of the Civil War that sustained the most casualties, collectively totaled nearly 300,000 in killed and wounded, which was more than the total casualties from all of the nation's previous wars combined. Although casualties included fatalities, fatalities did not include all casualties. Casualties were defined as soldiers who were unaccounted for or unavailable for service. Casualties included killed in action, mortally wounded, wounded, missing, died of disease, died as a prisoner-of-war, died of causes other than battle, captured, and deserted. On the other hand, fatalities only included soldiers who were killed in action, mortally wounded, and died of disease or from other causes. Civil War statisticians of the era had a strict application of the words, killed, died, dead, and deaths. Fatal is any action causing death. So if it's a fatality, it's death, if it is not fatal then it is a casualty. Some however have erroneously interchanged casualty with fatality. Acclaimed Civil War statisticians Fox and Dyer both applied similar metrics, and each applied one such metric cautiously while striving to ascertain the difficult battle casualties known as missing-in-action, because often the missing soldier was discovered as a prisoner-of-war or deserter, or was separated from his unit during the malaise, and at times was located dead on the battlefield. The Union's final adjusted casualty tabulations for the many battles of the Civil War, as indicated in the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, were tallied and sealed upon the cessation of hostilities. While Washington greatly reduced the nation's military when the war ended in 1865, it also expressed that all military persons declared as missing-in-action to hereinafter be considered as killed-in-action, and it was a necessary move for the widow desiring to collect the much needed pension of her late husband. Because efforts were abandoned to obtain an accounting of the missing-in-action, a large numerical void had remained, causing both statisticians to concede in the 1880s that, with abstract totals, the missing soldiers should henceforth be considered as killed-in-action, as the United States government had stated in 1865 with Union victory. See also Total Civil War killed and dead by category for each Union and Confederate state . Dead Soldiers' Remains at Cold Harbor Battlefield The Casualties of Civil War Ten Civil War	The English Civil War - History Learning Site Home » Stuart England » The English Civil War The English Civil War Citation: C N Trueman "The English Civil War" historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 16 Aug 2016. The English Civil War started in 1642 when Charles I raised his royal standard in Nottingham. The split between Charles and Parliament was such that neither side was willing to back down over the principles that they held and war was inevitable as a way in which all problems could be solved. The country split into those who supported the king and those who supported Parliament – the classic ingredients for a civil war. As with most wars during the C17th, the English Civil War was not a long continuous war. Armies lacked mobility and the time taken to collect the most basic of equipment meant that there were long periods of time when no fighting was taking place despite England being at war at the time. The weather was also a major determining factor in whether armies could fight or not. Roads were no more than tracks and the winter could cut them up to make them beyond use. Therefore moving any armies around would be very difficult. There were only three major battles in the English Civil War – Edge Hill (1642) Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645). While it is difficult to give an exact breakdown of who supported who as there were regional variations, at a general level the nobility, landowners and Anglicans supported Charles I while those in the towns and cities supported Parliament. However, this is a generalisation and there were noblemen who supported Parliament and there were towns such as Newark that supported Charles. The first major battle of the English Civil War was at Edge Hill. While both sides claimed success, there was no decisive result from this battle. The following year, 1643, saw a series of smaller battles that were equally as indecisive in the sense that neither side dealt a fatal blow to the other. In 1643, Oliver Cromwell came more and more to the fore with his desire for a New Model Army. This new force was to have a decisive impact on the course of the English Civil War. In 1644, Charles lost control of the north of England as a result of a major defeat at the Battle of Marston Moor. The combined armies of Parliament and the Scots heavily defeated the Royalists. In June 1645, Cromwell’s New Model Army inflicted a fatal blow to the king’s army at the Battle of Naseby. Charles did not recover from this defeat and his cause was lost. In 1646, Charles surrendered to the Scots rather than to Parliament. He hoped to take advantage of the fact that the Scottish and Parliamentary alliance was fragile and could collapse at any time. In fact, the Scots took advantage of Charles and sold him to Parliament for £400,000 in January 1647. The problem Parliament now had was what to do with Charles. The king actually helped in his own downfall. In November 1647, he escaped to Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight and in 1648 the short-lived second civil war broke out. The supporters of the king were defeated at Preston. All that Charles had proved to Parliament was that he could not be trusted. Charles was tried at Westminster Hall in January 1649, and found guilty that he had “traitorously and maliciously levied war against the present Parliament and the people therein represented.”	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,426	In mathematics, how many degrees are in a straight angle?	Angles - Acute, Obtuse, Straight and Right Angles An angle measures the amount of turn Names of Angles As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes: Type of Angle an angle that is greater than 90° but less than 180° an angle that is greater than 180° Try It Yourself: This diagram might make it easier to remember: Also: Acute, Obtuse and Reflex are in alphabetical order. Also: the letter "A" has an acute angle. Be Careful What You Measure This is an Obtuse Angle And this is a Reflex Angle But the lines are the same ... so when naming the angles make sure that you know which angle is being asked for! Positive and Negative Angles When measuring from a line: a positive angle goes counterclockwise (opposite direction that clocks go) a negative angle goes clockwise Example: −67° The corner point of an angle is called the vertex And the two straight sides are called arms The angle is the amount of turn between each arm. How to Label Angles There are two main ways to label angles: 1. give the angle a name, usually a lower-case letter like a or b, or sometimes a Greek letter like α (alpha) or θ (theta) 2. or by the three letters on the shape that define the angle, with the middle letter being where the angle actually is (its vertex). Example angle "a" is "BAC", and angle "θ" is "BCD"	Trigonometry/Angles of a triangle sum to 180 Degrees - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Trigonometry/Angles of a triangle sum to 180 Degrees From Wikibooks, open books for an open world In any triangle the angles always sum to The Sum of Angles[ edit ] In any triangle the angles always sum to 180 This is a perhaps surprising fact. Because ∘ {\\displaystyle 90^{\\circ }} is a right angle, it means that the sum of the angles of any triangle is the same as two right angles. If we 'tore the corners off' and placed them together at the same point, we could arrange them so that they exactly formed a straight line. There doesn't need to be anything special about the triangle. It works for any triangle. Angles sum to 180o Some examples that we had before of triangles are shown below . 50-60-70 Triangle 20-40-120 Triangle The first example shows an equilateral triangle. All of the sides are equal. All of the angles are equal. Each angle is 60 degrees. The sum of the angles is 60 {\\displaystyle 60^{\\circ }+60^{\\circ }+60^{\\circ }} which is {\\displaystyle 180^{\\circ }} . The second triangle shows a right angle triangle. One of the angles is a right angle. This right angle triangle has two sides the same length. It is symmetric. It fulfils our criteria for being an isosceles triangle. This is a particularly special isosceles triangle because it is isosceles and it is a right triangle. There is one angle of 90° and each of the two remaining angles is 45°. The sum of the angles is 45 {\\displaystyle 45^{\\circ }+45^{\\circ }+90^{\\circ }} which is {\\displaystyle 180^{\\circ }} . The third triangle is sometimes called the 30°-60°-90° triangle, because of its angles. It is actually half an equilateral triangle. The sum of the angles is 30 {\\displaystyle 30^{\\circ }+60^{\\circ }+90^{\\circ }} which is . The pattern is pretty clear. Next we have a more arbitrary triangle. All the sides are different. The angles are 50°, 60° and 70°. The sum of the angles is 50 {\\displaystyle 50^{\\circ }+60^{\\circ }+70^{\\circ }} which is {\\displaystyle 180^{\\circ }} . Finally we have a triangle with an obtuse angle, that is one of the angles is larger than 90°. The angles happen to be 20°, 40° and 120°, and the sum of the angles is 20 {\\displaystyle 20^{\\circ }+40^{\\circ }+120^{\\circ }} which is . The examples suggest it is true, but they don't prove it.[ edit ] We could keep on doing this for other triangles, and keep finding the same answer, unless we make a mistake. This might convince us that our statement that the angles sum to 180 is true for all triangles, but it does not prove that it is so. To prove it we need some kind of general argument that could convince a mathematician that it is true. How do we know it is always true? How could it go wrong? Well, if we hadn't tried with a triangle with an obtuse angle, it might be the case that the formula only works for triangles which don't have obtuse angles. Even having tried the triangle with an obtuse angle we could have not been trying hard enough to find an example that doesn't work. For all we know the formula only works if the angles are multiples of 5°. Proof will show it works for all triangles[ edit ] The formula does in fact work for all triangles. We can for example make a triangle with angles of 33° and 66° and the third angle will have to be 81°. Making more and more examples unfortunately doesn't get us anywhere closer to proving it is true of all triangles. We need a different approach. We'll show a proof later. The point of having a proof is to show that it is true for all triangles, not just the ones we've chosen to look at. Exercises[ edit ] Given any triangle with angles 123° and 60°. Evaluate the third angle. Is it possible? It is not possible because the sum of all angles of a triangle cannot exceed 180°. A triangle has angles 15° and 65°, what is the third angle? A triangle has angles 100° and 79.5°, what is the third angle? Do you think all the sides of this triangle will be about the same length? What is the measure of each angle of an equilateral triangle? Roadsign Exercise	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,427	Born on March 6, 1475, which Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet was responsible for works such as The Sistine Chapel ceiling, and the dome of St. Peters Bascilica?	1000+ images about Michelangelo on Pinterest \| Sistine chapel, Sistine chapel ceiling and Michelangelo paintings Michelangelo...he believed his art was inspired by the Divine. His death bed words at 90: "I regret that I am dying just as I am beginning to learn the alphabet of my profession." More	TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY TIMELINE OF WORLD HISTORY Giacomo Puccini, in full Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (born December 22, 1858, Lucca, Tuscany [Italy]ï¿½died November 29, 1924, Brussels, Belgium), Italian composer, one of the greatest exponents of operatic realism, who virtually brought the history of Italian opera to an end. His mature operas include La Bohï¿½me (1896), Tosca (1900), Madama Butterfly (1904), and Turandot, left incomplete. Early life and marriage Puccini was the last descendant of a family that for two centuries had provided the musical directors of the Cathedral of San Martino in Lucca. Puccini initially dedicated himself to music, therefore, not as a personal vocation but as a family profession. He was orphaned at the age of five by the death of his father, and the municipality of Lucca supported the family with a small pension and kept the position of cathedral organist open for Giacomo until he came of age. He first studied music with two of his fatherï¿½s former pupils, and he played the organ in small local churches. A performance of Giuseppe Verdiï¿½s Aida, which he saw in Pisa in 1876, convinced him that his true vocation was opera. In the autumn of 1880 he went to study at the Milan Conservatory, where his principal teachers were Antonio Bazzini, a famous violinist and composer of chamber music, and Amilcare Ponchielli, the composer of the opera La gioconda. On July 16, 1883, he received his diploma and presented as his graduation composition Capriccio sinfonico, an instrumental work that attracted the attention of influential musical circles in Milan. In the same year, he entered Le villi in a competition for one-act operas. The judges did not think Le villi worthy of consideration, but a group of friends, led by the composer-librettist Arrigo Boito, subsidized its production, and its premiere took place with immense success at Milanï¿½s Verme Theatre on May 31, 1884. Le villi was remarkable for its dramatic power, its operatic melody, and, revealing the influence of Richard Wagnerï¿½s works, the important role played by the orchestra. The music publisher Giulio Ricordi immediately acquired the copyright, with the stipulation that the opera be expanded to two acts. He also commissioned Puccini to write a new opera for La Scala and gave him a monthly stipend: thus began Pucciniï¿½s lifelong association with Giulio Ricordi, who was to become a staunch friend and counselor. After the death of his mother, Puccini fled from Lucca with a married woman, Elvira Gemignani. Finding in their passion the courage to defy the truly enormous scandal generated by their illegal union, they lived at first in Monza, near Milan, where a son, Antonio, was born. In 1890 they moved to Milan, and in 1891 to Torre del Lago, a fishing village on Lake Massaciuccoli in Tuscany. This home was to become Pucciniï¿½s refuge from life, and he remained there until three years before his death, when he moved to Viareggio. But living with Elvira proved difficult. Tempestuous rather than compliant, she was justifiably jealous and was not an ideal companion. The two were finally able to marry in 1904, after the death of Elviraï¿½s husband. Pucciniï¿½s second opera, Edgar, based on a verse drama by the French writer Alfred de Musset, had been performed at La Scala in 1889, and it was a failure. Nevertheless, Ricordi continued to have faith in his protï¿½gï¿½ and sent him to Bayreuth in Germany to hear Wagnerï¿½s Die Meistersinger. Giacomo Puccini, 1908. Mature work and fame Puccini returned from Bayreuth with the plan for Manon Lescaut, based, like the Manon of the French composer Jules Massenet, on the celebrated 18th-century novel by the Abbï¿½ Prï¿½vost. Beginning with this opera, Puccini carefully selected the subjects for his operas and spent considerable time on the preparatio	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,428	What nationality was Winston Churchill's mother?	Winston Churchill — Ethnicity of Celebs \| What Nationality Ancestry Race by madman on March 27, 2016 Birth Name: Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill Date of Birth: 30 November, 1874 Place of Birth: Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England Date of Death: 24 January, 1965 Place of Death: London, England Ethnicity: English, some Scottish, small amounts of Welsh, French Huguenot, Ulster-Scots, Irish, remote French Winston Churchill was a British politician, writer, historian, and artist. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , from 10 May, 1940 to 26 July, 1945, and again from 26 October, 1951 to 6 April, 1955. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer, from 6 November, 1924 to 4 June, 1929, Minister of Defence, from 10 May, 1940 to 26 July, 1945, and again from 28 October, 1951 to 1 March, 1952, Leader of the Conservative Party, from 9 November, 1940 to 6 April, 1955, and Leader of the Opposition, from 26 July, 1945 to 26 October, 1951, among other duties. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953. Prime Minister Churchill was the son of Lady Randolph Churchill (born Jeanette Jerome), a socialite, and Lord Randolph Churchill (Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill), a statesman. His father was English, from Belgravia, London. His mother was American, from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. Prime Minister Churchill is sometimes described on the internet as having had Jewish ancestry from his mother’s side, usually from her surname, “Jerome”. This is not accurate. The “Jerome” family of his mother was not of Jewish heritage. Prime Minister Churchill is also said to have had some degree of Native American ancestry from his mother’s side. It is not clear if his Native American ancestry has been verified/documented. Prime Minister Churchill’s paternal grandfather was John Winston Spencer-Churchill (the son of George Spencer-Churchill and Jane Stewart). George was the son of George Spencer-Churchill and Susan Stewart. Jane was the daughter of George Stewart and Jane Bailey Paget. Prime Minister Churchill’s great-grandparents George and Jane were first cousins, as George’s mother and Jane’s father were siblings. The Stewart siblings had a Scottish father and an English mother. Prime Minister Churchill’s paternal grandmother was Frances Anne Emily Vane (the daughter of Charles William Stewart and Frances Anne Emily Vane-Tempest). Charles was the son of Robert Stewart and Frances Pratt. Prime Minister Churchill’s great-grandmother Frances was the daughter of Henry Vane and Anne/Ann Catherine/Katherine MacDonnell. Prime Minister Churchill’s maternal grandfather was Leonard Walter Jerome (the son of Isaac Jerome and Aurora Murray). Isaac was the son of Aaron Jerome and Elizabeth Betsey Ball. Aurora was the daughter of Reuben Murray and Sarah Guthrie. Prime Minister Churchill’s maternal grandmother was Clarissa “Clara” Hall (the daughter of Ambrose Hall and Clarissa Wilcox). Ambrose was the son of Ambrose Hall and Mehitable Beach. Prime Minister Churchill’s great-grandmother Clarissa was the daughter of David Wilcox and Anna/Anne Baker, who was Canadian, born in Nova Scotia, Canada. Sources: Genealogies of Winston Churchill – https://www.geni.com	History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK GOV.UK Sir Winston Churchill Conservative 1951 to 1955, 1940 to 1945 Born 30 November 1874, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire Died 1951 to 1955, 1940 to 1945 Political party Education Act 1944: raised the school leavers age to 14; introduction of the 11+. Interesting facts Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his many published works. More information including archive footage can be found at the Churchill War Rooms. Winston Churchill was an inspirational statesman, writer, orator and leader who led Britain to victory in the Second World War. He served as Conservative Prime Minister twice - from 1940 to 1945 (before being defeated in the 1945 general election by the Labour leader Clement Attlee) and from 1951 to 1955. David Cameron’s Favourite Past Prime Minister Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874, in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire and was of rich, aristocratic ancestry. Although achieving poor grades at school, his early fascination with militarism saw him join the Royal Cavalry in 1895. As a soldier and part-time journalist, Churchill travelled widely, including trips to Cuba, Afghanistan, Egypt and South Africa. Churchill was elected as Conservative MP for Oldham in 1900, before defecting to the Liberal Party in 1904 and spending the next decade climbing the ranks of the Liberal government. He was First Lord of the Admiralty (the civil/political head of the Royal Navy) by the time of the disastrous Gallipoli campaign, which he created. Heavily criticised for this error, he resigned from this position and travelled to the Western Front to fight himself. The interwar years saw Churchill again ‘cross the floor’ from the Liberals, back to the Conservative Party. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1924, when he controversially opted for Britain to re-join the Gold Standard. Following the Tory electoral defeat in 1929, Churchill lost his seat and spent much of the next 11 years out of office, mainly writing and making speeches. Although he was alone in his firm opposition to Indian Independence, his warnings against the Appeasement of Nazi Germany were proven correct when the Second World War broke out in 1939. Following Neville Chamberlain ’s resignation in 1940, Churchill was chosen to succeed him as Prime Minister of an all-party coalition government. Churchill, who also adopted the self-created position of Minister for Defence, was active both in administrative and diplomatic functions in prosecuting the British war effort. Some of his most memorable speeches were given in this period, and are credited with stimulating British morale during periods of great hardship. However, Labour leader Clement Attlee ’s unexpected General Election victory in 1945 saw Churchill out of office and once again concentrating on public speaking. In his 1946 speech in the USA, the instinctive pro-American famously declared that “an iron curtain has descended across the Continent”, and warned of the continued danger from a powerful Soviet Russia. By his re-election in 1951, Churchill was, in the words of Roy Jenkins, “gloriously unfit for office”. Ageing and increasingly unwell, he often conducted business from his bedside, and while his powerful personality and oratory ability endured, the Prime Minister’s leadership was less decisive than during the war. His second term was most notable for the Conservative Party’s acceptance of Labour’s newly created Welfare State, and Churchill’s effect on domestic policy was limited. His later attempts at decreasing the developing Cold War through personal diplomacy failed to produce significant results, and poor health forced him to resign in 1955, making way for his Foreign Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister, Anthony Eden . Churchill died in 1965, and was honoured with a state funeral. Written by Ben Draper and Jak Brown, Mile End Group Help us improve GOV.UK	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,429	At which hotel in Los Angeles was Robert Kennedy assassinated in 1968?	Robert F. Kennedy assassinated in Los Angeles on June 5, 1968 Share Search FILE - This June 5, 1968 file photo shows Sen. Robert F. Kennedy speaking at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, following his victory in the previous day's California primary election. A moment later he turned into a hotel kitchen corridor and was critically wounded. His wife, Ethel, is just behind him. (AP Photo/Dick Strobel, File) U.S. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy holds two fingers up in a victory sign as he talks to campaign workers at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, Ca., June 5, 1968. He is flanked by his wife Ethel, left, and his California campaign manager, Jesse Unruh, speaker of the California Assembly. After making the speech, Kennedy left the platform and was assassinated in an adjacent room. (AP Photo) This is the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, seen June 1968, where Sen. Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated during his campaign for the presidency. (AP Photo) Sirhan Sirhan, charged with the assassination of Senator Robert Kennedy during a campaign stop in California. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) Edward M. Kennedy with Ethel Kennedy and others at the airport in Los Angeles, June 6, 1968 as they depart with the body of the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy. (AP Photo/Harold Filan) File - In this Oct. 15, 1966 black-and-white file photo, Sen Robert F. Kennedy, D-N.Y., and his wife Ethel Kennedy pose with eight of their nine children on the lawn of their home at McLean, Va. From right are: Kathleen; Joseph; Robert Jr.; David; Mary Courtney; Michael; Kerry; and Christopher. (AP Photo, File) Ethel Kennedy, widow of assassinated Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, and her children leave St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York after funeral services, June 8, 1968. At her side is her brother-in-law Edward M. Kennedy. (AP Photo) The casket of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy is carried from St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York, June 8, 1968. (AP Photo) Edward M. Kennedy, brother of assassinated Senator Robert F. Kennedy, delivers a eulogy for his brother at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York, June 8, 1968, with New York City Archbishop, Cardinal Terence Cooke, seated in center background. (AP Photo) Sirhan Bishara Sirhan is shown as he leaves the courtroom in Los Angeles, Ca., on July 19, 1968. Sirhan assassinated Sen. Robert F. Kennedy. (AP Photo) Pall bearers stand over the casket of assassinated New York Senator Robert F. Kennedy in St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York, June 8, 1968. (AP Photo) FILE - In this June 8, 1968 file photo, Ethel Kennedy is escorted by her brother-in-law, Sen. Edward Kennedy, to their pew in St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York for the funeral services of Sen. Robert F. Kennedy. (AP Photo, File) Mourners stand outside of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York on the day of the funeral for assassinated Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, June 8, 1968. (AP Photo) American actor, dancer, and singer, Sammy Davis, Jr. (1925 - 1990) signing the book of condolences for Robert Kennedy at the American Embassy, London, 6th June 1968. (Photo by Maher/Daily Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) Mrs. Ethel Kennedy, left, wife of the slain Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, follows his casket into St. Patrick's Cathedral, June 7, 1968. With her are two sisters of the late senator, Patricia Lawford, right, and Jean Smith, center. Sen. Kennedy was assassinated in Los Angeles at a campaign rally. (AP Photo) File - Frank Mankiewicz, Sen. Robert F. Kennedy's press secretary, tells a news conference outside Good Samaritan hospital in Los Angeles, June 5, 1968., that Kennedy emerged from three hours of surgery in "extremely critical condition." All but one fragment of a bullet in Kennedy's head was removed by a team of surgeons. (AP Photo) File - Charles Wright, a police technician, and officer Robert Rozzi inspects a bullet hole discoverd in a door frame in a kitchen corridor of the Ambassador hotel in Los Angeles near where Sen. Robert F. Kennedy was shot and critically wounded June 5, 1968. Bullet is still in the wood. (AP Photo/Dick Strobel) Jacqueline	November 22, 1963: Death of the President - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum November 22, 1963: Death of the President November 22, 1963: Death of the President Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. By the fall of 1963, President John F. Kennedy and his political advisers were preparing for the next presidential campaign. Although he had not formally announced his candidacy, it was clear that President Kennedy was going to run and he seemed confident about his chances for re-election. At the end of September, the president traveled west, speaking in nine different states in less than a week. The trip was meant to put a spotlight on natural resources and conservation efforts. But JFK also used it to sound out themes—such as education, national security, and world peace—for his run in 1964. Campaigning in Texas A month later, the president addressed Democratic gatherings in Boston and Philadelphia. Then, on November 12, he held the first important political planning session for the upcoming election year. At the meeting, JFK stressed the importance of winning Florida and Texas and talked about his plans to visit both states in the next two weeks. Mrs. Kennedy would accompany him on the swing through Texas, which would be her first extended public appearance since the loss of their baby, Patrick, in August. On November 21, the president and first lady departed on Air Force One for the two-day, five-city tour of Texas. President Kennedy was aware that a feud among party leaders in Texas could jeopardize his chances of carrying the state in 1964, and one of his aims for the trip was to bring Democrats together. He also knew that a relatively small but vocal group of extremists was contributing to the political tensions in Texas and would likely make its presence felt—particularly in Dallas, where US Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson had been physically attacked a month earlier after making a speech there. Nonetheless, JFK seemed to relish the prospect of leaving Washington, getting out among the people and into the political fray. The first stop was San Antonio. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Governor John B. Connally, and Senator Ralph W. Yarborough led the welcoming party. They accompanied the president to Brooks Air Force Base for the dedication of the Aerospace Medical Health Center. Continuing on to Houston, he addressed a Latin American citizens' organization and spoke at a testimonial dinner for Congressman Albert Thomas before ending the day in Fort Worth. Morning in Fort Worth A light rain was falling on Friday morning, November 22, but a crowd of several thousand stood in the parking lot outside the Texas Hotel where the Kennedys had spent the night. A platform was set up and the president, wearing no protection against the weather, came out to make some brief remarks. "There are no faint hearts in Fort Worth," he began, "and I appreciate your being here this morning. Mrs. Kennedy is organizing herself. It takes longer, but, of course, she looks better than we do when she does it." He went on to talk about the nation's need for being "second to none" in defense and in space, for continued growth in the economy and "the willingness of citizens of the United States to assume the burdens of leadership." The warmth of the audience response was palpable as the president reached out to shake hands amidst a sea of smiling faces. Back inside the hotel the president spoke at a breakfast of the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, focusing on military preparedness. "We are still the keystone in the arch of freedom," he said. "We will continue to do…our duty, and the people of Texas will be in the lead." On to Dallas The presidential party left the hotel and went by motorcade to Carswell Air Force Base for the thirteen-minute flight to Dallas. Arriving at Love Field, President and Mrs. Kennedy disembarked and immediately walked toward a fence where a crowd of well-wishers had gathe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,430	Who was the British Foreign Secretary at the outbreak of World War II?	World War II British Foreign Office and Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) Files PC/MAC From 1782 to 1968, the Foreign Office (FO), in England was responsible for all correspondence with foreign states and negotiations with representatives of other states, liaising with other ministries where necessary. The Foreign Secretary was responsible for the conduct of the British Government's foreign policy on a day to day basis and for presenting that policy to the Cabinet and Parliament. It was replaced by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) in 1968, when the Foreign Office merged with the Commonwealth Office to become the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Both the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) reported to the Foreign Secretary. The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British World War II organisaion created to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements. It was established after Cabinet approval, it was established by Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton on 22 July 1940. The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the British intelligence agency which supplies the British Government with foreign intelligence. The idenity of the head of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) was to always remain a secret. Thus in ducments e was always refered to as "C." Highlights from the files include: Relationship between Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) FO File 1093/155 contains documents dating from July 19, 1940 to November 14, 1942. Relations between SIS and SOE were difficult from the creation of SOE in July 1940 until it was wound up in 1946. SOE had been formed to 'set Europe ablaze' by engaging in sabotage and subversion, whereas SIS's job was to collect secret information, an activity that could be disrupted by SOE tactics. In return, SOE Chief, Sir Frank Nelson, complained in March 1942, that 'the general key word from top to bottom in the SIS organisation has been to delay rather than expedite the natural expansion of SOE'. The two organisations competed for resources and facilities and the friction between them led to 'a deplorable state of affairs', according to one note. During the war various attempts were made to affect a working compromise, and in 1942 each organisation was keen to list its grievances, which are documented in this file. 'C', in particular, was keen that ministerial control over SOE should revert from the Ministry of Economic Warfare to the Foreign Office. The file includes a copy of a report by the Joint Planning Staff dated 15 May 1942 on SOE and SIS coordination. Accounts of British liasions with U.S. official in Washington and London FO File 1093/238 contains documents dating from June 6, 1940 to January 29, 1943. In August 1940 Sir William Stephenson, head of British Security Coordination (BSC) in Washington, forwarded to SIS a scheme for 15 Englishmen to write one article each per month 'presenting the English point of view dramatically and continuously to the thirty million readers of American magazines'. A note from 'C' to Cadogan dated 1 April 1941 stated that according to Stephenson, the 'President has stated categorically to my liaison that he proposes 'to act to bring USA in [to the war] very shortly'. Other reports from Stephenson concern the appointment of William J. 'Wild Bill' Donovan to an intelligence role in June 1941. Stephenson commented: 'You can imagine how relieved I am after three months of battle and jockeying for position at Washington that 'our man' is in a position of such importance to our efforts'. The file also contains a colourful account of US politician Wendell Willkie's tour of the Middle East and Russia. He reportedly made a 'great impression' on Stalin and wielded a sub-machine gun at a drunken party in which he pretended to shoot an apple off someone's head. Japanese intercepted communications discussing the possibility of wa	Prime Ministers of Great Britain political party 1721-42 Sir Robert Walpole - Restored confidence in the country following the South Sea Bubble financial crash of 1720. Dominated the political scene during the reigns of George I and George II. George II made Walpole a gift of 10 Downing Street. Walpole resigned as a consequence of his perceived mis-handling in dealing with the War of Jenkins' Ear . Whig 1742-43 Earl of Wilmington - Suffering poor health for most of his time as Prime Minister, he died in office. Whig 1743-54 Henry Pelham - During his time in the post he oversaw the the British involvement in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744-48, the 1745 Jacobite Rising and the adoption of the Gregorian calender . He died in office. Whig 1754-56 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Assumed the office of Prime Minister just 10 days after the death of his brother Henry Pelham. During the Seven Years' War, he was blamed for the loss of Minorca and was replaced by the Duke of Devonshire. Whig 1756-57 William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire - In a government effectively controlled by Pitt the Elder, Devonshire's administration was brought to end following the dismissal of Pitt by the king, it was replaced by the Second Newcastle Ministry. Whig 1757-62 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle - Returning to office with Pitt the Elder as Southern Secretary, this government helped steer Britain to ultimate victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. Whig 1762-63 John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute - A favourite of George III, he was the first Scot to hold the top office. Unpopular with the 'great unwashed', he introduced a tax on cider in order to help pay for the Seven Years' War. He resigned following fierce criticism of his handling of the peace negotiations. Tory The Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Viscount Melbourne 1828-30 Arthur Welleslley, 1st Duke of Wellington - The second Irish-born Prime Minister and second veteran general, perhaps more famous as a soldier of the Napoleonic Wars than a politician. Is said to have commented after his first Cabinet meeting: “An extraordinary affair. I gave them their orders and they wanted to stay and discuss them.” He introduced the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, removing many of the restrictions on Catholics in the UK. Resigned after a vote of no confidence. Tory 1830-34 Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey - Famous for the blend of tea named after him, his political achievements included the Reform Act of 1832, which started the process of electoral change that we recognise today. His other legacies included the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire and restrictions concerning the employment of children. He resigned after disagreements over his Irish policies. Whig 1834 William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - The last Prime Minister to be dismissed by a Sovereign, King William IV. Whig 1834-35 Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - At the second time of asking, Peel accepted King William IV’s invitation to form a government. Head of a minority government, he resigned following a number of defeats in Parliament. Whig 1835-41 William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne - Returning to office for the second time, Melbourne found the new Queen Victoria much more agreeable than William IV. Tutoring the young queen in the ways of politics, they formed a close relationship. He resigned after a series of parliamentary defeats. Whig 1841-46 Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet - Returning to office for the second time, Peel introduced important employment laws that banned women and children from working underground in mines, in addition The Factory Act of 1844 limited the hours of work for children and women. Unable to feed a starving Ireland, he finally succeeded in repealing the Corn Laws. Conservative 1846-52 Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell - Russell was the last Whig Prime Minister. His Public Health Act of 1848 improved the sanitary conditions of towns and cities. He was in office at the time of The Great Exhibition of 1851 . Whig 1852 Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby - Co	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,431	Nurse Ratched is a character in which 1975 film?	One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest ( 1975 ) R \| A criminal pleads insanity after getting into trouble again and once in the mental institution rebels against the oppressive nurse and rallies up the scared patients. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 26 titles created 30 Sep 2012 a list of 34 titles created 28 Dec 2012 a list of 25 titles created 20 Jan 2013 a list of 22 titles created 17 Oct 2013 a list of 44 titles created 3 months ago Title: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) 8.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 5 Oscars. Another 30 wins & 13 nominations. See more awards » Videos A young F.B.I. cadet must confide in an incarcerated and manipulative killer to receive his help on catching another serial killer who skins his victims. Director: Jonathan Demme A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where an evil and spiritual presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from the past and of the future. Director: Stanley Kubrick The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. Director: Quentin Tarantino Henry Hill and his friends work their way up through the mob hierarchy. Director: Martin Scorsese Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. Director: Robert Zemeckis The aging patriarch of an organized crime dynasty transfers control of his clandestine empire to his reluctant son. Director: Francis Ford Coppola Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. Director: David Fincher An insomniac office worker, looking for a way to change his life, crosses paths with a devil-may-care soap maker, forming an underground fight club that evolves into something much, much more. Director: David Fincher In German-occupied Poland during World War II, Oskar Schindler gradually becomes concerned for his Jewish workforce after witnessing their persecution by the Nazi Germans. Director: Steven Spielberg A sexually frustrated suburban father has a mid-life crisis after becoming infatuated with his daughter's best friend. Director: Sam Mendes Mathilda, a 12-year-old girl, is reluctantly taken in by Léon, a professional assassin, after her family is murdered. Léon and Mathilda form an unusual relationship, as she becomes his protégée and learns the assassin's trade. Director: Luc Besson The early life and career of Vito Corleone in 1920s New York is portrayed while his son, Michael, expands and tightens his grip on the family crime syndicate. Director: Francis Ford Coppola Edit Storyline McMurphy has a criminal past and has once again gotten himself into trouble and is sentenced by the court. To escape labor duties in prison, McMurphy pleads insanity and is sent to a ward for the mentally unstable. Once here, McMurphy both endures and stands witness to the abuse and degradation of the oppressive Nurse Ratched, who gains superiority and power through the flaws of the other inmates. McMurphy and the other inmates band together to make a rebellious stance against the atrocious Nurse. Written by Jacob Oberfrank If he's crazy, what does that make you? Genres: 19 November 1975 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Atrapado sin salida See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia In 1993, the movie was deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. See more » Goofs After McMurphy hijacks the bus and is drivin	1975: First Film to Reach $100 Million at the Box Office \| Guinness World Records 1975: First Film to Reach $100 Million at the Box Office By Rob Dimery Google+ On 20 June 1975, director Steven Spielberg’s (USA) latest movie was released… and promptly began scaring the life out of cinema-goers the length and breath of North America. Jaws – the tale of a seaside town (Amity) terrorised by a great white shark – swiftly proved to be a cinematic sensation. video Sure, there had been phenomenal box-office hits in the past – witness animated classic Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (USA, 1937) or Cecil B. DeMille’s biblical epic The Ten Commandments (USA, 1956). And fear and frights had resulted in box-office gold beforehand too – the queues for Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho (USA, 1960) stretched around the block. But the success of Jaws was on an unprecedented scale. Production was plagued with problems, including overrunning budgets and schedules (principle photography, originally forecast to take 55 days, took 159 days). The three pneumatically powered mechanical models of the shark – each costing $250,000, they were dubbed “Bruce”, after Spielberg’s lawyer – frequently broke down and really weren’t all that scary. Turning this to his advantage, Spielberg opted to show very little of the eponymous great white (it makes its first appearance at around 1 hour 21 minutes in the 2-hour-long film), which actually helped to ratchet up the tension. In this, he was aided immeasurably by John Williams’s suspenseful score, highlighted by an ominous two-note motif: video Not that Spielberg liked it much at first. Hear director and composer discuss the iconic soundtrack here: video The movie was granted a wide release, opening on 464 screens (409 in the USA, the rest in Canada) on 20 June 1975. Critics raved, while its public reception was immediate and emphatic – $7 million (£3 million) taken in the opening weekend and all production costs covered within the fortnight; by August it was showing on 900 screens across North America. It became the First movie to take more than $100 million in theatrical rentals (the amount of the box-office gross that goes back to the studio/distributor after cinemas have taken their percentage for showing the film). To date, the movie has taken $470.6 million (£303.7 million) at the box office worldwide, according to Box Office Mojo. Indeed, until the phenomenal success of George Lucas’s Star Wars (USA, 1977), Jaws was the Highest-grossing film ever released – although if you adjust the figures to allow for inflation, Gone With The Wind (USA, 1939) is the most successful film ever, having earned more than $3.4 billion (£2.1 billion). Jaws had a more long-term impact, though, effectively re-defining the term “blockbuster” for modern cinema. Catching on quick, other studios began putting into production mass-appeal movies scheduled for a mid-year release, to maximise box-office clout, which has inspired the epic action movies that hit our screens every summer. Since then, Steven Spielberg has made blockbusters his stock-in-trade, racking up worldwide smashes with the likes of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (USA, 1977), Raiders of the Lost Ark (USA, 1981), Jurassic Park (USA, 1993) and Saving Private Ryan (USA, 1998). With a CV like that, it’s little wonder that he’s history’s Highest-earning film director. According to Forbes, between 2013 and 2014 Spielberg netted an estimated $100 million (£58 million), adding to an overall personal fortune put at $3.6 billion (£2.3 billion) as of 15 June 2015. And it all started with a shark called Bruce. Share	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,432	What name, derived from the Greek word for chalk, is given to hydrated calcium sulphate?	Gypsum \| Define Gypsum at Dictionary.com gypsum noun 1. a very common mineral, hydrated calcium sulfate, CaSO 4 ⋅2H 2 O, occurring in crystals and in masses, soft enough to be scratched by the fingernail: used to make plaster of Paris, as an ornamental material, as a fertilizer, etc. Origin of gypsum 1640-50; < Latin: chalk < Greek gýpsos chalk, gypsum Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for gypsum Expand Contemporary Examples The sand dunes were relentlessly mined in the past century; power lines and a gypsum plant split the park. The Economic Aspect of Geology C. K. Leith These meadows are divided by chains formed of red clay, and huge masses of gypsum, with here and there a pyramid of gravel. Old Mackinaw W. P. Strickland. British Dictionary definitions for gypsum Expand noun 1. a colourless or white mineral sometimes tinted by impurities, found in beds as an evaporite. It is used in the manufacture of plaster of Paris, cement, paint, school chalk, glass, and fertilizer. Composition: hydrated calcium sulphate. Formula: CaSO4.2H2O. Crystal structure: monoclinic Derived Forms C17: from Latin, from Greek gupsos chalk, plaster, cement, of Semitic origin Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for gypsum Expand n. substance (hydrated calcium sulphate) used in making plaster, late 14c., from Latin gypsum, from Greek gypsos "chalk," according to Klein, perhaps of Semitic origin (cf. Arabic jibs, Hebrew gephes "plaster"). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper	Knowledge Knowledge You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 4 to 21 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 25 to 35 are not shown in this preview. You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 39 to 115 are not shown in this preview.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,433	What was the 40 metre trawler ‘Sir William Hardy’ famously renamed in 1978?	Greenpeace FBI - British Foreign Office - Department of State Files Greenpeace FBI - British Foreign Office - Department of State Files 408 pages of FBI and British Foreign and Commonwealth Office files, covering Greenpeace and the Rainbow Warrior incident, archived on CD-ROM. In 1970, a group of Canadian and American environmentalists formed the "Don't Make A Wave Committee." They unsuccessfully sought to prevent a nuclear test under the Alaskan island of Amchitka. This lead to the formation of Greenpeace, an international environmental organization founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1971. Greenpeace describes itself as "an independent, campaigning organization which uses non-violent, creative confrontation to expose global environmental problems, and to force solutions for a green and peaceful future." Greenpeace was known for its use of publicity campaigns and acts of civil disobedience to stop atmospheric and underground nuclear testing. Greenpeace also sought an end to high seas whaling and U.S. offshore oil drilling. Greenpeace in later years focused on other environmental issues, such as bottom trawling, global warming, ancient forest destruction, and genetic engineering. Greenpeace has national and regional offices in 45 countries, all of which have affiliation with the Amsterdam-based Greenpeace International. The global organization receives its income through the individual contributions of an estimated 2.8 million financial supporters, as well as from grants from charitable foundations. In 1978 Greenpeace paid £40,000 for a 33 year old, 40-metre fishing trawler named the Sir William Hardy. This ship was refitted and renamed the Rainbow Warrior. The ship was used to interfere with the Icelandic whaling fleet, the dumping at sea of toxic and radioactive waste, and various fishing practices. In 1985, the Rainbow Warrior traveled to the vicinity of Moruroa atoll, the site of French nuclear testing. Just before midnight on July 10, 1985, two explosions rocked the Auckland, New Zealand harbor, sinking the Rainbow Warrior. Underwater charges had been placed by frogmen on the Rainbow Warrior's hull, blowing two holes in the ship. The Rainbow Warrior sank almost immediately. All the crew managed to escape, except for a Dutch photographer, Fernando Pereira, who drowned. On the night of the explosions members of an Auckland boating club saw a man wearing scuba diving gear in an inflatable dinghy, come ashore and tie-up the dinghy, then drive away in a van. The club members were suspicious and took note of the registration number of the vehicle. The police were able to trace the van through a rental firm to a Swiss couple using the name "Turenge". Within 30 hours of the bombing the "Turenges" were interviewed by the police, and then charged. In the meantime, forestry workers had reported a suspicious meeting between occupants of a van and a station wagon, which was later linked to a charter yacht, the Ouvea. Warrants were issued for the crew of the yacht Ouvea, which had been used to bring the explosives and other equipment into New Zealand, but no trace of the yacht or crew could be found. A month after the bombing, it was revealed that the "Turenges" were Dominique Prieur and Alain Mafart, agents of the French Secret Service, the Direction Generale de la Securité Exterieure (DSGE). New Zealand Police later discovered that up to 11 French agents had entered New Zealand as part of the Rainbow Warrior operation. A French report came out admitting that French agents had been in New Zealand, but denied they had carried out the bombing. Following a further round of official denials, Monsieur Hernu, the Defence Minister resigned and on September 22, Prime Minister Laurent Fabius admitted that French agents had been responsible. French President François Mitterrand claimed that because they were members of the military and had acted under orders, they could not be held responsible for their actions. On 4 November, 1985, Mafart and Prieur appeared in an Auckland court, where they pleaded guilty to charges of ma	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,434	What U.S. president claimed that he was once attacked by a mysterious swamp rabbit while on a fishing trip?	FLASHBACK:Jimmy Carter Attacked by Killer Rabbit (April 20, 1979 FLASHBACK:Jimmy Carter Attacked by Killer Rabbit (April 20, 1979 Unknown \| Unknown Posted on 08/29/2003 3:03:45 PM PDT by NC Conservative Today in Odd History, President Jimmy Carter was attacked by a rabbit during a fishing trip in Plains, Georgia. The rabbit, which may have been fleeing a predator, swam toward his boat, "hissing menacingly, its teeth flashing and nostrils flared." President Carter was forced to swat at the vicious beast with a canoe paddle, which apparently scared it off. Upon his return to the White House, Carter told his staff about the furry amphibian's assault. Most of them refused to believe him, insisting that rabbits can't swim (although since most mammals can swim, there's no reason to believe that rabbits cannot), and that even if they could, they certainly wouldn't attack humans, and certainly not presidents. Fortunately, a White House photographer had been on the scene, and had recorded the bizarre attack. The photograph showed Carter with his paddle raised, warding off a small creature which might, or might not, have been a rabbit. One staffer was quoted as saying, "You couldn't tell what it was." Undaunted by their skepticism, Carter had the image enlarged, and there it was--a killer bunny rabbit, apparently bent on assassinating the president. The story might have ended there, except that White House Press Secretary Jody Powell mentioned the incident to Associated Press reporter Brooks Jackson in August. The Washington Post ran it as front page news. The original photograph was not available (until the Reagan administration leaked it in 1981), but the paper filled the gap with a cartoon modeled on the poster for the movie Jaws, starring the rabbit and entitled Paws. Powell made a belated attempt to impress the public with the seriousness of the attack, calling the creature a "swamp rabbit," but since Carter had to appease his rabbit-loving constituents by insisting that he had not actually smacked his buck-toothed opponent with his paddle, but only splashed water at it to drive it away, it seemed unlikely that he had been in danger. The entire episode became a symbol of Carter's floundering presidency. According to Powell, "[I]t shows the extent to which an insignificant incident can snowball and end up in newspapers and news shows across the country. Carter biographer Douglas Brinkley says, It just played up the Carter flake factor.... I mean, he had to deal with Russia and the Ayatollah and here he was supposedly fighting off a rabbit. Note: While some presidential apologists have suggested that Carter might actually have been attacked by a nutria, a large, aggressive aquatic rodent, others have insisted that the President's assailant was a simple, if unusually vicious, bunny rabbit. Fulk, the 12th century king of Jerusalem, was killed by a rabbit. (Well, really he was killed by a fall from his horse, but the horse had been startled by a rabbit.) And many years ago, I was the owner of a Blue Dutch rabbit named Sequin. One of my friends still bears the scars of an encounter with Sequin--a perfectly matched set of parallel teeth marks, where Sequin's fangs closed on her hand and ripped through the flesh when she pulled her hand away. Bunnies are, indeed, fiercer than anyone but Monty Python has generally given them credit for. To: NC Conservative MONTY PYTHON HOLY GRAIL BUMP! 3 posted on 08/29/2003 3:07:58 PM PDT by Old Sarge (Serving You... on Operation Noble Eagle!) To: NC Conservative Never send in a bunny to do a professional hitman's job. :) 4 posted on 08/29/2003 3:11:02 PM PDT by KentTrappedInLiberalSeattle ("The Clintons have damaged our country. They have done it together, in unison." -- Peggy Noonan) [ Post Reply \| Private Reply \| To 1 \| View Replies ] To: NC Conservative "...And the Lord spake, saying, 'First shalt thou take out the Holy Pin. Then, shalt thou count to three. No more. No less. Three shalt be the number thou shalt count, and the number of the counting shall be three. Four shalt thou not count,	Ed Miliband stumbles through BBC's Question Time TV debate \| Daily Mail Online comments Ed Miliband stumbled as he left the stage last night following a grilling over Labour's record on the economy, immigration and welfare. The Labour leader was taking part in one of three separate Question Time sessions on BBC One in Leeds, along with Prime Minister David Cameron and Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg. And he lost his footing while stepping off the stage at 9pm yesterday as he turned to wave to the audience -some of whom could then be seen laughing about the unfortunate incident. Scroll down for video Lost footing: Labour leader Ed Miliband stumbled as he left the stage last night during the BBC's Question Time Slipping: Mr Miliband was taking part in one of three separate Question Time sessions in Leeds this evening The trip was immediately compared to when Labour's Neil Kinnock fell into the sea on Brighton beach in October 1983 - creating a video that became part of the opening credits of Spitting Image. Last night, Chancellor George Osborne told Politics Home of Mr Miliband's stumble: 'I'll leave you to interpret that and find the correct metaphor.' RELATED ARTICLES Share 982 shares But the Daily Mirror reported that Labour's deputy campaign chief Lucy Powell told journalists in the spin room: 'He slipped on David Cameron's sweat.' And Match of the Day host Gary Lineker joked on Twitter: 'Thought Ed Miliband did well to stay on his feet. Many would have gone down under those circumstances, especially on the box.' Meanwhile comedian David Baddiel tweeted: 'Liked Ed's tiny trip on the way out. Reminded me of his lovable inner klutz.' Goodbye: Mr Miliband lost his footing while stepping off the stage at 9pm as he turned to wave to the audience Three decades ago: The incident was immediately compared to when Labour's Neil Kinnock fell into the sea on Brighton beach in October 1983 - creating a video that became part of the opening credits of Spitting Image Mr Miliband was last night accused of failing to learn the lessons of the mistakes of his last time in government and failing to respond to voters' concerns. I'll leave you to interpret that and find the correct metaphor Chancellor George Osborne A snap poll showed Mr Cameron had won with 44 per cent saying he had performed best, while 38 per cent favour Mr Miliband. Some 19 per cent put Mr Clegg down as the winner. Mr Miliband faced the toughest exchanges, as he was challenged over the embarrassing note left by Labour minister Liam Byrne in 2010 admitting that 'there is no money left'. The Labour leader was told shadow chancellor Ed Balls should be sacked after he dismissed the letter as a joke - despite it leading to five years of austerity. On stage: Mr Miliband takes part in a special Question Time programme with the other two main party leaders Football reference: Match of the Day host Gary Lineker joked on Twitter: 'Thought Ed Miliband did well to stay on his feet. Many would have gone down under those circumstances, especially on the box'	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,435	Who is George Dowd better known as?	George Alan O`Dowd is better know as... Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com George Alan O`Dowd So who is George Alan O`Dowd? Well, George Alan O`Dowd is no other than the British Boy George who was born on , 1961, under the name George Alan O`Dowd, but later changed his name to Boy George, a name by which we all know him today. © 2007-2016 Capital Of. All rights reserved. You are here: George Alan O`Dowd	Georgius Panayiotou became famous under what name both George - MBA - 217 View Full Document Georgius Panayiotou became famous under what name (both) George Michael 85 Capers are pickled flower seeds of what plant Nasturtium 86 In 1925 at Windsor Bookies went on strike - against what Betting Tax 87 What is a doucet A Stags Testicle 88 What is the worlds largest sand island northeast of Brisbane Fraser island 89 FT (London) Dow Jones (USA) what is Japans Share Index called Nikkei 90 Who was the leader of the wolf pack in The Jungle Book Akala 91 What's the difference between sleeping gorillas and men Gorillas don’t snore 92 Nobody Does it Better was sung in which Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me 93 Halcyon is the poetic name for which bird Kingfisher 94 Who had a hit with Sylvia's Mother Dr Hook 95 Who composed the music for the opera The Tales of Hoffman Jacques Offenbach 96 In the Bible from whom did David steal his wife Bathsheba The Hittite warrior Uriah 97 The Cassegranian, Gregorian and Schmidt are types of what Telescopes 98 Shakespeare - Antony, Romeo, Othello - what in common Suicide 99 What instrument is sometimes called the clown of the orchestra Bassoon 100 What world capital city is heated by volcanic springs Reykjavik (Iceland) Page 33 This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 18 Ans 10000_questions 36	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,436	In 1812 who was shot while walking through the lobby of the House of Commons?	10 Historical Brits Who Died Gruesome And Unusual Deaths - Listverse 10 Historical Brits Who Died Gruesome And Unusual Deaths Oli Foster February 23, 2016 Benjamin Franklin once mused that one of life’s only certainties was death. Across the Atlantic from him, on the British Isles, is a rich tapestry of history within which many unusual and gruesome deaths feature. Here is a list of some of the more peculiar and grisly ways that British historical figures met their maker. 10William Huskisson Photo credit: Edwardx /Wikimedia William Huskisson was an influential 19th-century British politician, a pioneer of free trade, a liberal reformer—and the first man to be killed by a train. This sticky end to a successful career was not the first calamity to which the accident-prone member of parliament had fallen victim. He had previously been flattened by a pole in London, fallen on by a horse just before his marriage, and severely injured his legs trying to jump over a moat in Scotland. However, the morning of September 15, 1830, would prove to be Huskisson’s final accident. When the train that Huskisson was on came to a stop, he alighted to reconcile with his old colleague, the Duke of Wellington, who was in a different carriage. Meanwhile, George Stephenson’s famous Rocket locomotive approached at speed on the adjacent track. In the confusion, Huskisson panicked and ended up falling beneath the wheels of the Rocket, which ran right over him, crushing and mangling his legs. Several hours later, Huskisson died of the horrific wounds he had incurred. Ironically, there had been considerable opposition in parliament to the building of the rail track on which Huskisson died. Believing trains were the future, Huskisson had strongly advocated the track’s development. Had he not, he may have not met such an untimely and gruesome end. 9King Edward II Photo credit: Philip Halling Edward II, king of England from 1307–1327, was a rather unsuccessful ruler. The son of the crusading, warlike, and conquering Edward I, Edward II proved more effeminate and was believed by many at the time (and since) to have been gay. Whether his close relationship with nobleman Pier Gaveston was anything more than a simple friendship, we cannot be sure. However, Edward’s aptitude for alienating his supporters led to his own wife, Isabella, joining forces with Edward’s enemies and revolting against him. Once deposed, Edward appeared too dangerous to be kept alive, so he was murdered at Berkley Castle on September 21, 1327. His murder, according to some chroniclers, involved having a red-hot poker inserted up his anus and into his body, with his screams being heard for miles around the castle. It was a humiliating and grisly end for anyone, let alone a king of England. 8William The Conqueror Photo credit: Urban/Wikimedia Although William the Conqueror was technically born in Normandy, France, his status as king of England means he makes our list of famous Brits. Best known for his conquering of England in 1066, William became rather overweight in his later years. When riding a horse, his stomach protruded over the saddle. In July 1087, his horse reared, and he was thrown onto the pommel , rupturing his internal organs. He died of his injuries several agonizing months later. His funeral would prove even more undignified. When his body was being lowered into its coffin, he was too large to fit. As priests tried desperately to stuff the bloated corpse into the coffin, the abdomen exploded , and a disgusting smell filled the entire room. Subsequently, the ceremony was a rushed affair—an undignified and grim end for one of history’s greatest conquering kings. 7King Aella Of Northumbria Photo credit: Berig/Wikimedia King Aella was ruler of the Anglo-Saxon Northumbrian Kingdom of England in the ninth century. Although we know very little about Aella because of the lack of credible sources from the time, one well-known (if semi-legendary) bit of trivia is the bloody and gruesome death he suffered at the hands of Viking invaders. At the time, Anglo-Saxon England was being	Puzzles - Great Britain ... which you don't hear called 'Great' so often these days. 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? 5. The popular British pub name "The Royal Oak" is named after which King? 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? 1. What is the only venomous snake in Britain? Adder 3. A British TV audience outnumbered a British radio audience for the first time for what special occasion? Frau Battenberg's coronation 4. In which British city would you find Arthur's Seat? Edinburgh 5. The popular British pub name "The Royal Oak" is named after which King? Charles II who hid in oak trees after losing battles 6. What is the Welsh word for Wales? Cymru 2. Built in 1869, which famous British ship was named after a Scottish undergarment? Ought to be Cutty Sark ("short shift" ) 8. What is the oldest University in Britain? Oxford (unless you're talking to someone from Cambridge ... ) 7. What is the longest river in Scotland? The Dee? 9. In which British city was Guy Fawkes born and Dick Turpin killed? Ah ha! I know this, having been a recent tourist to: York [and we definitely think very highly of Great Britain, which is, in fact, a great place!] Frau Battenberg! well done all 10. Captain Matthew Webb, famous for swimming the English Channel, drowned in 1883 attempting to swim what? The rapids below Niagara Falls	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,437	Which book opens with the line 'It was a bright cold day in April and the clocks were striking thirteen'?	Cult Fiction - Top 10 List - Top Ten List - Top 10 Most Outrageous Opening Lines in Literature - Douglas Adams Quote - William Gibson Quote - George Orwell Quotes Top 10 Most Outrageous Opening Lines in Literature #10 - THE HITCHHIKER'S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY [1979] Douglas Adams "Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the Western Spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun. Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-eight million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea." #09 - NEUROMANCER [1984] William Gibson "The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel." #08 - 1984 [1949] George Orwell "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen." #07 - INVISIBLE MAN [1952] Ralph Ellison "I am an invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids—and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Like the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows, it is as though I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or figments of their imagination—indeed, everything and anything except me." #06 - NOTES FROM THE UNDERGROUND [1864] Fyodor Dostoyevsky "I am a sick man . . . I am a wicked man. An unattractive man, I think my liver hurts." #05 - ORLANDO [1928] Virginia Woolf "He—for there could be no doubt of his sex, though the fashion of the time did something to disguise it—was in the act of slicing at the head of a Moor which swung from the rafters." #04 - ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO'S NEST [1962] Ken Kesey "They're out there. Black boys in white suits up before me to commit sex acts in the hall and get it mopped up before I can catch them." #03 - TRAINSPOTTING [1993] Irvine Welsh "Choose life. Choose a job. Choose a career. Choose a family. Choose a fucking big television, choose washing machines, cars, compact disc players and electrical tin openers. Choose good health, low cholesterol, and dental insurance. Choose fixed interest mortgage repayments. Choose a starter home. Choose your friends. Choose leisurewear and matching luggage. Choose a three-piece suit on hire purchase in a range of fucking fabrics. Choose DIY and wondering who the fuck you are on Sunday night. Choose sitting on that couch watching mind-numbing, spirit-crushing game shows, stuffing fucking junk food into your mouth. Choose rotting away at the end of it all, pissing your last in a miserable home, nothing more than an embarrassment to the selfish, fucked up brats you spawned to replace yourselves. Choose your future. Choose life . . . But why would I want to do a thing like that? I chose not to choose life. I chose somethin' else. And the reasons? There are no reasons. Who needs reasons when you've got heroin?" #02 - FEAR AND LOATHING IN LAS VEGAS [1971] Hunter S. Thompson "We were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold. I remember saying something like 'I feel a bit lightheaded; maybe you should drive . . .' And suddenly there was a terrible roar all around us and the sky was full of what looked like huge bats, all swooping and screeching and diving around the car, which was going about a hundred miles an hour with the top down to Las Vegas. And a voice was screaming, 'Holy Jesus! What are these goddamn animals?'" #01 - THE METAMORPHOSIS [1915] Franz Kafka "As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect." User Comments - Add a Comment NIck - 2008-10-26 23:08:34 When I finally caught up with Abraham Trahearne, he was drinking beer with an alcoholic bulldog named Fireball Roberts in a ramshackle joint just outside of Sonoma, Californi	How opening lines from children's literature compare down the ages \| News How opening lines from children's literature compare down the ages 23rd February 2007 at 00:00 Share this 1. Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversations?" Alice's Adventures in Wonderland By Lewis Carroll (1865) 2. Squire Trelawney, Dr Livesey, and the rest of these gentlemen having asked me to write down the whole particulars about Treasure Island, from the beginning to the end, keeping nothing back but the bearings of the island, and that only because there is still treasure not yet lifted, I take up my pen in the year of grace 17-, and go back to the time when my father kept the Admiral Benbow inn, and the brown old seaman, with the sabre cut, first took up his lodging under our roof. Treasure Island By Robert Louis Stevenson (1883) 3. When Mary Lennox was sent to Misselthwaite Manor to live with her uncle, everybody said she was the most disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It was true, too. She had a little thin face and a little thin body, thin light hair and a sour expression. The Secret Garden By Frances Hodgson Burnett (1911) 4. The Fossil sisters lived in the Cromwell Road. At that end of it which is farthest away from the Brompton Road, and yet sufficiently near it so one could be taken to look at the dolls' houses in the Victoria and Albert every wet day. Ballet Shoes By Noel Streatfeild (1936) 5. These two very old people are the father and mother of Mr Bucket. Their names are Grandpa Joe and Grandma Josephine. And these two very old people are the father and mother of Mrs Bucket. Their names are Grandpa George and Grandma Georgina. This is Mr Bucket. This is Mrs Bucket. Mr and Mrs Bucket have a small boy whose name is Charlie Bucket. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory By Roald Dahl (1964) 6. My name is Tracy Beaker. I am 10 years 2 months old. My birthday is on May 8. It's not fair, because that dopey Peter Ingham has his birthday then too, so we just got the one cake between us. And we had to hold the knife to cut the cake together. Which meant we only had half a wish each. Wishing is for babies anyway. Wishes don't come true. The Story of Tracy Beaker By Jacqueline Wilson (1991) 7. When the doorbell rings at three in the morning, it's never good news. Alex Rider was woken by the first chime. His eyes flickered open, but for a moment he stayed completely still in his bed, lying on his back with his head resting on the pillow. He heard a bedroom door open and a creak of wood as somebody went downstairs. Stormbreaker	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,438	Which Canadian portrait photographer of Armenian heritage photographed Winston Churchill in his studio in Ottawa on 30 December, 1941, which, it is claimed, is the most reproduced photographic portrait in history?	Karsh, Yousuf \| Armenian Photography Foundation Armenian Photography Foundation December 23 1908 - July 13 2002 Nationality: Armenian/Canadian Place of Activity: Canada/Syria/USA Yousuf Karsh, (December 23, 1908 – July 13, 2002) was a Canadian photographer of Armenian heritage, and one of the most famous and accomplished portrait photographers of all time. Yousuf or Josuf (his given Armenian name was Hovsep) Karsh was born in Mardin, a city in the eastern Ottoman Empire (present Turkey). He grew up during the Armenian Genocide where he wrote, “I saw relatives massacred; my sister died of starvation as we were driven from village to village.” At the age of 14, he fled with his family to Syria to escape persecution. Two years later, his parents sent Yousuf to live with his uncle George Nakash, a photographer in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Karsh briefly attended school there and assisted in his uncle’s studio. Nakash saw great potential in his nephew and in 1928 arranged for Karsh to apprentice with portrait photographer John Garo in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. His brother, Malak Karsh, was also a photographer famous for the image of logs floating down the river on the Canadian one dollar bill. Karsh returned to Canada four years later, eager to make his mark. He established a studio in the Chateau Laurier Hotel in Ottawa, Ontario, close to Canada’s seat of government. Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King discovered Karsh and arranged introductions with visiting dignitaries for portrait sittings. Karsh’s work attracted the attention of varied celebrities, but his place in history was sealed on 30 December 1941 when he photographed Winston Churchill, after Churchill gave a speech to Canadian House of Commons in Ottawa. The image of Churchill brought Karsh international prominence, and is claimed to be the most reproduced photographic portrait in history. Of the 100 most notable people of the century, named by the International Who’s Who [2000], Karsh had photographed 51. In the late 1990s Karsh moved to Boston and on July 13, 2002, aged 93, he died at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital after complications following surgery. He was interred in Notre Dame Cemetery in Ottawa. Karsh was a master of studio lights. One of Karsh’s distinctive practices was lighting the subject’s hands separately. Journalist George Perry wrote in the British paper The Sunday Times that “when the famous start thinking of immortality, they call for Karsh of Ottawa.” Karsh had a gift for capturing the essence of his subject in the instant of his portrait. As Karsh wrote of his own work in Karsh Portfolio in 1967, “Within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reveal it if I can. The revelation, if it comes at all, will come in a small fraction of a second with an unconscious gesture, a gleam of the eye, a brief lifting of the mask that all humans wear to conceal their innermost selves from the world. In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize.” All photographs on Lusadaran website are copyrighted by their respective owners and are displayed for educational and research purposes. Permission is required for any other use. Copyright © 2011-2017 Armenian Photography Foundation	Private collection Being in our post of Legend of Vincent van Gogh , the Dutch artist’s this priciest portrait with a huge price tag of $ 71.5 million around 15 years before in 1998 was the third costliest painting of all the time and fourth if we consider the price-inflation. And it is still an impressive rank for a portrait. Alongside with its enormous price-tag there are other facts which make this painting unique from the rest of the self-portraits by Vincent van Gogh which are totals more than 35. This self-portrait executed in 1889, was the last self-portrait by the artist. After that he majorly focused upon the cypresses and wheat fields. Moreover, this is the only painting depicting the artist without beard . As Van Gogh’s many last works has become popular among buyers, this portrait was also among his last works. Thus, the combination of the unique facts and feature may have made the portrait so in-demand in the community. In all of his self-portraits, I find this particular one with more relaxed and sane manner. As we observe this portrait, the eyes seems with an attributive gaze while the light pink lips has smiley corners as if he found some kind of temporal calmness among his mental anguish. This is also the neatest portrayal of himself. When other portraits have more strikingly strong colors, here there is no presence of strong colors instead to the every corner it contains the light colors. After observing the picture with some thought, a question rises that did he always stayed in anxiety or there was a little sojourn of peace before going totally mad. Van gogh is admired today to an unprecedented level. Although, this portrait is not as much popular as his other works like The Starry Night, Starry night over the Rhone or Cafe Terrace at Night in general public, it is valued among the artistic circles. Van Gogh gifted the portrait to his mother on her birthday. Overtime, the painting has changed many hands and right now is resting in a private collection.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,439	In the Painting ‘The Last Supper’ by Leonardo Da Vinci, who is said to be seated on the right-hand side of Jesus?	The Da Vinci Code and The Last Supper \| Evidence To Believe The Da Vinci Code and The Last Supper The Da Vinci Code and The Last Supper What does The Da Vinci Code have to do with Leonardo’s painting “The Last Supper”? Several outlandish claims are being made in reference to this famous painting by Dan Brown in his novel, The Da Vinci Code. – here are some examples: Dan Brown uses the painting to promote the idea that Da Vinci painted Mary Magdalene into “the last supper”, at the right hand of Jesus: P.243: The person to the right of Jesus is recognized by Sophie in the book as a woman: “The individual had flowing red hair, delicate folded hands, and the hint of a bosom. It was, without a doubt … female”. “That’s a woman!”, exclaimed Sophie. Brown is fond of saying that we see only what we want to see. Take care to note that Leonardo portrayed other masculine biblical characters with a feminine appearance – in his work Saint John the Baptist (c. 1413-1416)4, St. John the Baptist – a very ruddy character according to biblical records – is depicted as a feminine character with long flowing hair and delicate hands. Is it any surprise that John the Apostle might be depicted in a similar fashion? And if one inspects “The Last Supper” carefully, there is in fact is no hint of a bosom – unless one wants to see that in the painting. He further promotes the notion that the “holy grail” is missing from the painting because Leonardo was trying to communicate a secret message – ie., that “the Holy Grail” was not a physical drinking cup, but rather the womb of Mary Magdalene! But why do we expect to see a large chalice emblazoned with the letters “The Holy Grail”? Only if we fall for legend and popular lore. Look closely at the painting, and you will see that Jesus, as well as His followers, all have drinking cups. Jesus’ cup (“the holy grail”) is next to his left hand, while His right hand is extended over a piece of bread.1 First Things First First, lets get some basic facts straight. Leonardo was not at “the last supper”, which occurred some 1,500 years before he was born. He was painting his interpretation, in accordance with his painting style, of what took place at “the last supper”. If we want the facts, we have to go back to the earliest historical records of what transpired – the gospels. Leonardo was not a bible scholar, and indeed may have had his own agenda in terms of notions he wanted to portray in his paintings. If we want the facts, we have to go back to the earliest historical records. The earliest historical records (the New Testament gospels) record that Jesus and the twelve apostles were present at the last supper. There are also twelve persons at the table in the painting, plus Jesus. There is no indication in the gospel records that Mary Magdalene was present, much less seated at the right hand of Jesus. Dan Brown makes the point in his book that the reason people don’t notice that the person in the painting next to Jesus is a woman is because of our “preconceived notions” (p 243). Is it possible that Dan Brown has a preconceived notion about what he wants to see in the painting? Perhaps he sees Mary Magdalene there because he wants to see her there. Perhaps others of us are doing the same thing. The Gospels Show that Mary Was Not Present at The Last Supper According to the three synoptic gospels, the twelve apostles were present with Jesus at the last supper. No mention is made of Mary Magdalene or anyone else being present at the supper: Matthew 26:20: “Now when evening had come, He sat down withthe twelve.” Mark 14:17: “In the evening He came with the twelve. Now as they sat and ate …” Luke 22:14: “And when the hour had come, He sat down, and the twelve apostles with Him.” The twelve apostles that appear in the painting “The Last Supper” are listed in Mark 3:16-19 as: Simon Peter Simon the Cananite Judas Iscariot John’s gospel records the last supper activities in John Chapter 13. Although it doesn’t specifically say “the twelve” sat down with Him, as in the synoptic gospels, we may in	picture of the last supper painting 100222: The Last Supper picture of the last supper painting 100222 We study and provide oil painting production of the last supper painting. Thursday, September 27, 2007 The Last Supper The last supper painting The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo or L'Ultima Cena) is a 15th century mural painting in Milan created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza and his duchess, Beatrice d'Este. It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as narrated in the Gospel of John 01:21, when Jesus announces that one of his twelve disciples would betray him. The painting is one of the most well known and valued in the world; unlike many other valuable paintings, however, it has never been privately owned because it cannot be moved easily. Composition and meaning The original painting measures 460 × 880 centimeters (15 feet × 29 ft) and can be found in the back halls of the dining hall at Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The theme was a traditional one for refectories, but Leonardo's interpretation gave it much greater realism and depth. The lunettes above the main painting, formed by the triple arched ceiling of the refectory, are painted with Sforza coats-of-arms. The opposite wall of the refectory is covered by a Crucifixion fresco by Donato Montorfano, to which Leonardo added figures of the Sforza family in tempera. (These figures have deteriorated in much the same way as has The Last Supper.) Leonardo began work on The Last Supper in 1495 and completed it in 1498—however, he did not work on the piece continuously throughout this period. The Last Supper specifically portrays the reaction given by each apostle when Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve apostles have different reactions to the news, with various degrees of anger and shock. From left to right: Bartholomew, James, son of Alphaeus and Andrew form a group of three, all are surprised. Judas Iscariot, Peter and John form another group of three. Judas is wearing green and blue and is in shadow, looking rather withdrawn and taken aback by the sudden revelation of his plan. He is clutching a small bag, perhaps signifying the silver given to him as payment to betray Jesus, or perhaps a reference to his role within the 12 disciples as treasurer. He is not the only person to have his elbow on the table; the painting also shows Jude Thaddeus with his elbow on the table, traditionally a sign of bad manners. Peter looks angry and is holding a knife pointed away from Christ, perhaps foreshadowing his violent reaction in Gethsemane during Jesus' arrest. The youngest apostle, John, appears to swoon. Thomas, James, son of Zebedee and Philip are the next group of three. Thomas is clearly upset; James the Greater looks stunned, with his arms in the air. Meanwhile, Philip appears to be requesting some explanation. Matthew, Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Zealot are the final group of three. Both Jude Thaddeus and Matthew are turned toward Simon, perhaps to find out if he has any answer to their initial questions. These names are all agreed upon by art historians. In the 19th century, a manuscript (The Notebooks Leonardo Da Vinci pg. 232) was found with their names; before this only Judas, Peter, John and Jesus were positively identified. In common with other depictions of The Last Supper from this period, Leonardo adopts the convention of seating the diners on one side of the table, so that none of them have their backs to us. However, most previous depictions had typically excluded Judas by placing him alone on the opposite side of the table from the other eleven disciples and Jesus. Another technique commonly used was placing halos around all the disciples except Judas. Leonardo creates a more dramatic and realistic effect by having Judas lean back into shadow. He also creates a realistic and psychologically engaging means to explain why Judas takes the bread at the same time as Jesus, just after Jesus has predicted that this is what his betrayer will do. Jesus is shown saying this to Sain	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,440	Starbuck’s Coffee traditionally has three sizes – venti, grande and which other?	Starbucks Drinks Sizes Measurements Updated January 15, 2017. Question: Starbucks Sizes What's up with Starbucks' sizes? Why are they called things like 'Grande' instead of things like small, medium and large? And how big are Grandes and all the other cup sizes anyway? Answer: Good questions! It is generally thought that Starbucks named their sizes differently to set themselves apart. Much to the chagrin of local coffee shops, customers often request a Grande or Venti (which are not generally accepted cup sizes at other coffee shops!). Knowing how much coffee you're getting in each size can help you figure out how much caffeine is in your Starbucks drinks and, in the case of sweetened drinks and drinks containing milk and chocolate, how many calories and how much fat is in your drinks. Here's the low down on the different cup sizes Starbucks offers, as well as exceptions to these usual sizes: Demi -- Literally, 'demi' means 'half.' Unlike most Starbucks drink size names, it is of French origin (not Italian origin). The Demi size is the smallest size at Starbucks, and is used to describe an espresso drink size. It's three ounces (89 milliliters), which sounds tiny until you realize it's only for standard espresso shots , which are usually only about one ounce each. And that a double shot is usually under two ounces. Yikes! continue reading below our video How to Prevent Your Cutting Board from Sliding Short -- The 'Short' was one of the two original Starbucks cup sizes. (The other was 'Tall.' Makes sense.) It's a mere eight fluid ounces (240 mL), and aside from the Demi (which is mostly a size espresso shots), it's the smallest drink size available at Starbucks. For many people who drink coffee at home, six to eight ounces is a standard cup size. It's only available for hot drinks and it's not very popular at Starbucks (even though it's a completely normal amount of coffee to drink at home). Tall -- The 'Tall' is the other original Starbucks drink size. When Starbucks started, the Tall was basically a Large. Now, it's basically a Small. In fact, if you order a 'Small' at Starbucks, you get a Tall. A Starbucks Tall measures in at 12 US fluid ounces (350 milliliters). Grande -- Pronounced GRAWN-day, 'Grande' is Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and French for 'Large,' but at Starbucks there are two even larger drinks: the Venti and the Trenti. The Starbucks Grande is 16 US fluid ounces (470 milliliters / 2.5 cups). Venti -- Pronounced VENN-tee, Venti is Italian for 20. A Venti is 20 ounces (590 milliliters), so in a way, this name makes sense... until you realize that none of the smaller portions have names that relate to their sizes numerically. Hmmm... Trenta -- Introduced in May, 2011, the 'Trenta' is the newest (and the largest) of Starbucks drink sizes. 'Trenta' means 30. You might be thinking, "Oh, it's a continuation of the Venti theme. It's 30 ounces." Nope. Strangely, it's 31 ounces (920 milliliters). It's almost as though 30 ounces wasn't enough to make it the 'Big Gulp' of the coffee world. The Trenta size is reserved for iced drinks only (including iced coffee , iced tea , lemonade and other drinks served over ice), and it usually costs about 50 cents more than a Venti of the same drink. These sizes apply for most hot Starbucks coffee drinks and espresso drinks . However, there are a few exceptions, the most noteworthy of which is the sizing of iced Venti drinks. Iced Venti Drinks are usually 24 ounces rather than 20 ounces. According to the Starbucks website, the Iced Cocoa Cappuccino is an exception to this -- the iced version is still 20 ounces (not the usual 24-oz Venti iced drink cup size).	Dunkin' Donuts, Starbucks and McDonald's: Which Coffee Play Will Perk up Your Portfolio? \| Seeking Alpha Dunkin' Donuts, Starbucks and McDonald's: Which Coffee Play Will Perk up Your Portfolio? Jul. 27, 2011 1:57 PM ET \| Send Message For most Americans who drink coffee, Dunkin' Donuts (NASDAQ: DNKN ), Starbucks ( SBUX ), and lately, McDonald’s ( MCD ) have been synonymous with good coffee, but with a different twist: Dunkin' Donuts and McDonald’s provide convenience, while Starbucks offers comfort. Dunkin' Donuts—now a publicly traded company under the name Dunkin'’ Brands rode the favorable demographics of the 1960s for fast and inexpensive breakfasts, though its early focus was donuts sold by the dozen rather than on coffee—a strategy the company changed in the 1990s. Convenience came with small stores located in central locations where working people will grab a coffee to go. McDonald’s has also rode the favorable demographics of the 1960s for fast and inexpensive food, offering lunch and dinner in addition to breakfast, with coffee becoming a major item in the last decade, either sold inside conventional stores or as part of Cafes. McDonald’s also offers convenience, with thousands of stores located in prime locations around the world. Starbucks rode the baby boomer trend in the 1990s and the Internet revolution that fueled the need for public places to fill in the gap of missing social interaction. Starbucks offered baby-boomers and ailing telecommuters comfort, a “third place,” an “affordable luxury” where they could share and enjoy a cup of coffee with friends and colleagues, away from work and home. The chain has inserted itself into the American urban landscape more quickly and craftily than any retail company in history, and has forever changed the way Western companies market themselves to consumers. Starbucks would not have worked twenty years ago; the demographics weren’t just right. Starbucks offered an antidote to an overworked culture: somewhere to just hang out. It eased the problem of social disconnection, while offering a product that filled America's need for a public gathering spot--what sociology Professor Ray Oldenburg called a "third place," with home and work being the first and the second place. Starbucks wasn't just a coffee company, but a place for bringing people together through the social glue of coffee. So, which of the three companies makes the best bet for investors? So far, Starbucks seems to be the winner, both in terms of technical and fundamentals. We don’t have historical data for Dunkin' Donuts, but judging from its performance, it is holding a great promise. By contrast to McDonald’s and Starbucks, Dunkin' Donuts has a tremendous room for growth; the company’s presence is mostly confined to Northeast US, while McDonald’s and Starbuck have been all over the world. Starbucks versus McDonald’s Financial Performance Statistics in 2011 Starbucks	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,441	What name does B. B. King always give to his guitars?	The Legacy of Lucille: The Surprising Story Behind B.B. King's Guitar - Rolling Stone The Legacy of Lucille: The Surprising Story Behind B.B. King's Guitar The Legacy of Lucille: The Surprising Story Behind B.B. King's Guitar After it was rescued from a fire, the guitar became an icon B.B. King and his guitar, Lucille, were virtually inseparable for more than a half-century. Credit: Paul Natkin/Getty Eric Clapton had "Blackie" and "Brownie"; Willie Nelson has "Trigger" ; Keith Richards, "Micawber." But before all of them, B.B. King had "Lucille." More News B.B. King, Blues Legend, Dead at 89 Brilliant bluesman who inspired a generation of guitarists and singers dies after decades-long battle with diabetes For more than a half-century, the bluesman and Lucille have been virtually inseparable — few, if any, relationships between man and guitar have persevered for as long or proven more fruitful. Lucille is the stinging single-note lines that punctuate "The Thrill Is Gone" and "Sweet Little Angel"; the embodiment of the whole of American blues music on U2's "When Love Comes to Town"; and, more generally speaking, the sound that has stirred and inspired guitarists for generations. Lucille also serves as B.B. King's voice, as much as the bluesman's actual voice. "The minute I stop singing orally," he once said , "I start to sing by playing Lucille." One thing that Lucille is not — unlike Blackie, Trigger or Micawber — is a one-of-a-kind instrument. Through the years, there have been many Lucilles. Today, Lucille is widely recognized as a black-with-gold-hardware Gibson ES-355–style guitar. But she came into being as a much different instrument, one born — in a origin story befitting a blues icon — in a burst of fighting and fire. Related PHOTOS: 10 Legendary Acts That Wouldn't Exist Without B.B. King From Jimi Hendrix to Stevie Ray Vaughan, King's impact is large and undeniable Lucille's beginnings date to 1949, when King, then in his early 20s, was performing at a nightclub in Twist, Arkansas, in the dead of winter. To heat the cold room, King recalled in a video interview , "they would take something that looked like a big garbage pail, half fill it with kerosene, light that fuel [and] set it in the middle of the dance floor." All well and good, but on this night, a fight broke out between two men, and the pail was knocked over. "It spilled on the floor, it looked like a river fire," the guitarist said. "And everyone started to run for the front door, including B.B. King." The blueseman managed to make it to safety outside — only to realize he had left his guitar behind. He raced back inside to retrieve it even as the wooden building, he said, "started to fall in around me." The next day, he learned that two men had died in the blaze and that the fight that had set off the tragic chain of events had been over a woman who worked at the club. Her name was Lucille. Werner B.B., who claimed he "almost lost [his] life" rushing back into the nightclub, christened his guitar after her, he said, "to remind me never to do a thing like that again." The original Lucille — the guitar King rescued that night in the fire — was an inexpensive, small-bodied Gibson L-30 archtop. The singer would go on to play a range of guitars over the ensuing years, attaching the Lucille name to each one. He was particularly drawn to Gibsons of the semi-hollow "ES" (Electric Spanish) variety, such as the ES-335 model that can be heard on his legendary 1965 disc, Live at the Regal. He eventually arrived at the ES-355, a top-of-the-line model boasting stately looks (gold-plated hardware, multi-layered binding, big mother-of-pearl fretboard markers) and a sharp but sweet tone bolstered by dual humbucking pickups and stereo and mono outputs. The ES-355 remained B.B.'s instrument of choice until the early Eighties, when he collaborated with Gibson to create his own signature model. Known as the Gibson "Lucille," the guitar was essentially a 355 outfitted with several modifications, some of them aesthetic (the personalized "Lucille" headstock), and others mor	Whammy bar \| Guitar Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Traditionally, electric guitarists have reversed the normal meanings of the terms vibrato and tremolo when referring to hardware devices and the effects they produce. While the tremolo arm can produce variations of pitch including what is normally termed vibrato , it can never produce the effect normally known as tremolo (modulation of volume). Tremolo, on the other hand, is exactly the effect produced by the vibrato units built in to many classic guitar amplifiers . The other form of the name is Whammy Bar which is more commonly accepted and used by a wider range of guitar players and even fans. This reversal of terminology is generally attributed to Leo Fender and the naming of the Fender 'Vibroverb' amplifier, which actually used tremolo (rapid volume changes) in an attempt to create a vibrato-like (rapid changes in pitch) sound. See vibrato unit for details of the history of these terms in relation to electric guitar, and related issues. In this article, the words are used interchangeably. Notable mechanism designs Almost all tremolo arms are based on one or more of five basic designs: The Bigsby vibrato tailpiece. Edit One of the first mechanical tremolo/vibrato units (although not hand-operated) was the Kauffman Vibrato as used on Rickenbacker Vibrola Spanish guitars. They were not operated by hand, but rather moved with an electrical mechanism. It was developed by Doc Kauffman to simulate the pitch manipulation available with steel guitars. A hand operated unit was later created and used on Rickenbacker's Capri line of guitars in the '50's, such as John Lennon's '58 325. It was a side-to-side action vibrato unit (rather than the up-down action of later units) that was notorious for throwing the guitar out of tune, hence John's replacing it with a Bigsby B5. Thankfully, it was replaced by the Ac'cent Vibrola, which used no coiled springs to change tension, giving it less chance to throw the guitar out of tune. Bigsby Main article: Bigsby vibrato tailpiece The first commercially successful tremolo arm was the Bigsby vibrato tailpiece, most often just called a Bigsby, and invented by Paul Bigsby . The exact date of its first availability is uncertain, as Bigsby kept few records, but it was on Bigsby-built guitars photographed in 1952, in what became its standard form. In several interviews, the late Merle Travis , for whom Bigsby designed his first vibrato, recalled the prototype as being built for him in the "late '40's". The design uses a spring-loaded arm that rotates a cylindrical bar in the tailpiece, varying the string tension to create vibrato and other pitch variations. The string tension is balanced against a single, short helical compression spring , positioned under the arm pivot. Pioneering blues-rock guitarist Lonnie Mack was known for using a Bigsby on his famous 1958 Gibson "Flying V". The term "whammy bar" is believed to derive from Mack's 1963 instrumental hit, "Wham!", in which Mack made liberal use of the Bigsby. To this day, the Bigsby enjoys some popularity, especially on hollow body guitars, and is available as a factory-fitted option on top-line models both hollow and solid bodied from many makers, and as an aftermarket addition (requiring some skill to fit however). It remains the only widely used design whose mechanism is entirely above the belly of the guitar body, making it the only design particularly suitable for acoustic and semi-acoustic guitars. Fender synchronized tremolo File:Fendertremolopatentsketch.png After the Bigsby, the next major development was Leo Fender 's synchronized tremolo, the device which introduced the term tremolo arm. First released in 1954 on Fender 's first legendary Stratocaster , the simple but effective design offers a greater range of pitch change than the Bigsby, and particularly a better capability for upbends. The basis of the synchronized tremolo is a rigid assembly incorporating both the bridge and tailpiece which is pivoted on the guitar belly. In the original design, this was based on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,442	Beatrice, Alice, Louise and Helena were daughters of which British monarch?	Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (Prince) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom Member of the British Royal Family and Daughter of Queen Victoria Female Born Apr 14, 1857 The Princess Beatrice was a member of the British Royal Family. She was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Juan Carlos, King of Spain, is her great-grandson. Beatrice has the distinction of being the last of Victoria's children to die, 66 years after the first, Beatrice's sister, Princess Alice.… Read More related links Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom. CHILDHOOD Show Less She was christened in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace on 16 June 1857. … Read More Her godparents were the Duchess of Kent (maternal grandmother); the Princess Royal (eldest sister); and the Prince Frederick of Prussia (her future brother-in-law).<br /><br /> From birth, Beatrice became a favoured child. The elder favourite daughter of Prince Albert, the Princess Royal, was about to take up residence in Germany with her new husband, Frederick ("Fritz") of Prussia. At the same time, the newly arrived Beatrice showed promise. Albert wrote to Augusta, Fritz's mother, that "Baby practises her scales like a good prima donna before a performance and has a good voice!" Although Queen Victoria was known to dislike most babies, she liked Beatrice, whom she considered attractive. This provided Beatrice with an advantage over her elder siblings. Queen Victoria once remarked that Beatrice was "a pretty, plump and flourishing child... with fine large blue eyes, a pretty little mouth and very fine skin". Her long, golden hair was the focus of paintings commissioned by Queen Victoria, who enjoyed giving Beatrice her bath, in marked contrast to her bathing preferences for her other children. Beatrice showed intelligence, which further endeared her to the Prince Consort, who was amused by her childhood precociousness. Read Less Born on April 14, 1857. TEENAGE Show Less … In March 1861, Queen Victoria's mother Victoria, Duchess of Kent, died at Frogmore. The Queen broke down in grief and guilt over their estrangement at the beginning of her reign. Beatrice tried to console her mother by reminding her that the Duchess of Kent was "in heaven, but Beatrice hopes she will return". This comfort was significant because Queen Victoria had isolated herself from her children except the eldest unmarried, Princess Alice, and Beatrice. Queen Victoria again relied on Beatrice and Alice after the death of Albert, of typhoid fever, on 14 December. <br /><br />The depth of the Queen's grief over the death of her husband surprised her family, courtiers, politicians and general populace. As when her mother died, she shut herself off from her familyâmost particularly, the Prince of Wales, (whom she blamed for her husband's death), with the exception of Alice and Beatrice. Queen Victoria often took Beatrice from her cot, hurried to her bed and "lay there sleepless, clasping to her child, wrapped in the nightclothes of a man who would wear them no more." Read Less After 1871, when the last of Beatrice's elder sisters married, Queen Victoria came to rely upon her youngest daughter, who had declared from an early age: "I don't like weddings at all. … Read More I shall never be married. I shall stay with my mother." As her mother's secretary, she performed duties such as writing on the Queen's behalf and helping with political correspondence. These mundane duties mirrored those that had been performed in succession by her sisters, Alice, Helena and Louise. However, to these the Queen soon added more personal tasks. Read Less During a serious illness in 1871, the Queen dictated her journal entries to Beatrice, and in 1876 she allowed Beatrice to sort the music she and the Prince Consort had played, unused since his death fifteen years earlier. … Read More The devotion that Beatrice showed to her mother was acknowledged in the Queen's let	Queen Victoria - The UK's Longest Reigning Monarch Queen Victoria Queen Victoria The Longest Ruling Monarch of the United Kingdom Queen Victoria of Great Britain. Original Artist: By T H Maquire. (1852). (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) By Patricia Daniels, Contributing Writer Updated July 26, 2016. Who Was Queen Victoria? Ascending to the throne at only 18 years old, Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom for nearly 64 years -- the longest of any British monarch. During her reign, Great Britain became a powerful industrial nation and boasted an empire that stretched across the globe. Despite the early loss of her beloved husband, Queen Victoria provided a reassuring stability during much of the 19th century - an era of great social and technological change. The years of her reign are referred to as the Victorian Era. Dates: May 24, 1819 - January 22, 1901 Reign: 1837 - 1901 Also Known As: Alexandrina Victoria of the House of Hanover; "the Grandmother of Europe" The Girl Who Would Be Queen Queen Victoria was born at Kensington Palace on May 24, 1819 to Edward, the Duke of Kent (and fourth son of King George III) and German Princess Victoire of Leiningen. Although Victoria was fifth in line to the throne - unlikely to become monarch - the duke feared that any future claim to the throne might be challenged if she were born abroad. continue reading below our video Profile of Queen Victoria He ensured that his daughter was born on British soil, moving with his pregnant wife from Germany to England. Christened Alexandrina Victoria at birth, the child came to be called Victoria. Despite being born into royalty, she did not grow up surrounded by wealth. Edward's spendthrift ways had left him with many debts. The duke and duchess, in an attempt to reduce expenses, moved with their infant daughter to a modest home. Not long after the move, Edward became ill and died of pneumonia on January 23, 1820 (Victoria was just eight months old). Six days later, King George III died as well, thus making George IV King of England. Victoria was now third in line to the throne behind her two uncles, who had failed to produce heirs. Victoria's Less Than Royal Childhood King George IV , whose only legitimate child had died in childbirth, was resentful of his brother's daughter. He begrudgingly allowed Victoria and her mother to move into an apartment at Kensington Palace, but would only approve a small allowance. The duchess’s brother, Prince Leopold (later King Leopold I of Belgium ), agreed to pay for Victoria's upbringing and education. Tutors were hired to school Victoria in history, math, drawing, and languages. Raised by a German mother who spoke little English, Victoria spoke mostly German the first few years of her life, but readily learned both English and French. In 1827, when Victoria was eight, her Uncle Frederick, the Duke of York, died, placing her one step closer to the throne. A Scheming Pair When newly widowed, Victoria's mother had turned for advice to John Conroy, a colleague of her late husband. In the years following the duke's death, the self-serving Conroy convinced the duchess that she should have herself declared Victoria's regent (an agent acting on behalf of an incapacitated or underage monarch) in the event that Victoria became queen while still a minor. In this way, Conroy - through the duchess - could essentially control the throne. When King George IV (who loathed Conroy and the duchess) died in 1830, the pair believed they could easily persuade newly-crowned King William IV to name the duchess as Victoria's regent. But King William did not trust the duchess and refused her request. The duchess petitioned Parliament, winning approval as Victoria's sole regent in 1831. The regency proved unnecessary. On June 20, 1837, a month after Victoria's eighteenth birthday, King William died, making Victoria queen of England. The Young Queen Weeks after assuming the throne, Queen Victoria moved to Buckingham Palace , where she began the business of ruling the nation. The young queen's composure and confidence impressed	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,443	The TV series Bonanaza was set in which state?	Bonanza Television Show \| ONE Search this site Bonanza Television Show Hoss, Pa, and Little Joe Cartwright became household names playing chess as they recreated a fanciful early Nevada history during hundreds of episodes of television's Bonanza . Courtesy of the Ponderosa Ranch Opening credits of the famed television series Bonanza (1959-1973) included the image of a burning map showing western Nevada. Bonanza, the long-running NBC television series, features Lake Tahoe and Virginia City settings. The series gives Nevada its strongest tie with westerns since it has been watched by millions for more than five decades in its original telecasts and in syndication. The series began in 1959 and continued for 14 seasons covering 430 episodes. These then went into syndication on specialty networks and many are available on video and DVD. Images of a burning map with Lake Tahoe and the Ponderosa Ranch opened the show, inspiring audiences to seek the real locations. Though primarily filmed on Paramount stages in southern California, second unit shots featured vivid hues of the Tahoe region, partly to sell a new product—color television. Tahoe landowner Bill Anderson realized the program also sold Nevada and worked closely with producers to build a Ponderosa Ranch to NBC specifications on his property at Incline Village. On its completion, producers used the ranch to shoot authentic locations for two weeks a year. Besides colorful locations, Bonanza's strengths included a cast who started as unknowns but quickly earned star status. Despite working in other films and movies, Lorne Greene, Michael Landon, Dan Blocker, and Pernell Roberts are most strongly associated with Bonanza. The show also brought outstanding guests, such as Jodie Foster, to various episodes. In a decade now defined by civil unrest and the generation gap, Bonanza promoted honesty, integrity, and family values. Though it has since been criticized for simplicity and contrivances, Bonanza's shortcomings are overwhelmed by the genuine warmth and sincerity of its creators and stars. Nearly a decade after the popular series went off the air, its long-lasting appeal inspired producers David Dortort and Tom Sarnoff to resurrect the concept with three television movies featuring Pa Cartwright's grandsons, showcasing classic western stars John Ireland and Ben Johnson to head the ranch. The three movies—Bonanza: The Next Generation (1988), Bonanza: The Return (1993), and Bonanza: Under Attack! (1995)—were shot entirely in the Lake Tahoe region, with some action filmed at Bowers Mansion in Washoe Valley. "My feeling is that Bonanza belongs in Nevada," Dortort said in 1988. "It's an American story." The whole Bonanza concept, he noted, shows what the western represents, "not only in terms of recapturing the beauty of nature by shooting outdoors, but in telling a kind of story which is essentially a morality tale where good, honest values are important." Though the "next generation" concept never took off as a series, attendance surged at Incline Village's Ponderosa Ranch where Bonanza was supposed to take place. Until its sale in 2004, the ranch provided the first, strongest, and longest example of how location filming can be turned into a tourism treasure. By the turn of the century, the old program experienced popular resurgence through PAX TV airings. In 2001, the network began a prequel series called The Ponderosa. This time the show was fimed in Australia because it was cheaper to produce; the exchange rate was fifty-four cents. By keeping the camera off on the mere six pine trees of the Katteminga set, avoiding the mass of gum trees in the backdrop, and steering clear of kangaroos that hopped by at dusk, the Cartwrights lived again. Geographic Area:	Alan Bleasdale - Literature Literature The Agency (London) Ltd Biography Alan Bleasdale, born in Liverpool in 1946, taught at various schools in Lancashire before becoming Resident Playwright at Liverpool Playhouse in 1975, and at the Contact Theatre, Manchester, in 1976. While teaching, he wrote a series of stories, broadcast on BBC Radio Merseyside, about a fictional Liverpool youth, Scully. He then presented the 'Franny Scully Show' from 1974-79 on Radio City Liverpool and wrote a television play, Scully's New Year's Eve, which was broadcast by the BBC in 1978. Two further Scully novels led to a Granada television series in 1984. Alan Bleasdale's Boys from the Blackstuff (1983), dealing with the effects of unemployment in Liverpool, started life as a play, The Black Stuff, broadcast by the BBC in 1980. From this, a five-part series was developed, first broadcast in 1982. GBH, a further popular seven-part serial, broadcast on Channel 4 in 1991, dealt with the takeover of a northern English city by a fascist organisation. In 1994, Alan Bleasdale became producer of a series for Channel 4, 'Alan Bleasdale Presents', giving young writers an opportunity to develop their talents. His other works include stage plays Are you Lonesome Tonight? (1985) and Love Is a Many Splendoured Thing (published in Act One, 1979). In 1986 he also adapted for television The Monocled Mutineer. After an eleven-year absence from television, Bleasdale returned in January 2011 on BBC 2 with a two-part TV film, The Sinking of the Laconia. Bleasdale had been working on the screenplay since 2004, which depicted the events surrounding the World War II ocean liner RMS Laconia and the Laconia incident.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,444	A square grid of square cells, with five cells in each of its longest diagonals, contains how many cells in total?	puzzle - How to solve 5x5 grid with 16 diagonals? - Mathematics Stack Exchange How to solve 5x5 grid with 16 diagonals? I have a grid 5x5 and I have to fill 16 little squares with a diagonal Rules You cannot place more than 1 diagonal in each square The diagonals cannot touch each other (example bellow) But what I seek here is a mathematical solution for this puzzle, I don't even know where to start looking for information. Can someone explain how do I solve this puzzle using equations? Think of it this way: You have a 5x5 array, and you need to fill it with values 0, 1, or -1, with three restrictions: The cells sharing an edge with a cell with a $\\pm 1$ cannot contain a $\\mp 1$. If a cell contains a 1, the adjacent cells to the top-left and bottom-right cannot also contain a 1. If a cell contains a -1, the adjacent cells to the bottom-left and top-right cannot also contain a -1. Here, cells containing a "1" have a diagonal running top-left to bottom-right, and cells containing a "-1" have a diagonal running the other way. Cells containing 0 do not have a diagonal at all. So, for the example grid you provide, you start with the grid: $$ \\begin{matrix}0&0&-1&0&0\\\\0&-1&0&-1&1\\\\0&0&0&0&0\\\\0&0&0&0&0\\\\0&0&0&0&0\\end{matrix} $$ I don't think there's "a mathematical solution" to it - that is, I doubt that one could immediately find the "right answer" without some level of trial and error. But it does give a good starting point to automating the search, if you want to try solving it computationally. Maybe the $+1$ cells should be those whose diagonal slope is positive (from lower left to upper right). That is only a suggestion since positive slope diagonals would be naturally associated to a positve number. But the restatement of the problem is nice, +1. – coffeemath Mar 24 '13 at 8:54 I have written a brute force search, which seems to work. But it would take days to inspect the $3^{25} = 847,288,609,443$ configurations or reimplementation of some parts in C. Some feasible solutions from a random walk: [ 45.33%] [1100201102001021010210022] found: len = 14 [max = 14] / / . . \\ . / / . \\ . . / . \\ / . / . \\ / . . \\ \\ [ 41.74%] [1020210202102021101001001] found: len = 14 [max = 14] / . \\ . \\ / . \\ . \\ / . \\ . \\ / / . / . . / . . / [ 99.59%] [2222200000102011000011111] found: len = 14 [max = 14] \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ . . . . . / . \\ . / / . . . . / / / / / [ 38.82%] [1011110001111010000011111] found: len = 15 [max = 15] / . / / / / . . . / / / / . / . . . . . / / / / / I think there are only 95 possible patterns for any given row, as $1$ and $-1$ can't be adjacent. That reduces the search space to $95^5=7.7$ billion, or just one percent of the starting point. – Michael Oct 27 '15 at 10:03 Build a $95\\times95$ table that shows which rows may be adjacent to which other rows. That replaces repeated comparisons with a lookup. – Michael Oct 27 '15 at 10:10 Sounds good. The idea might be used for the columns as well, should be the same table. – mvw Oct 27 '15 at 10:16 up vote 0 down vote Between two adjacent rows of squares is a row of six corners. Each diagonal uses up one of them, so at most six diagonals in two adjacent rows. At most six diagonals in rows 1-2, six in rows 3-4, so at least four in row 5 to make sixteen. In the same way, rows 3 and 1 have at least four diagonals. So rows 2 and 4 have at most two diagonals, or else you get more than six in two adjacent rows. Seventeen is impossible: Since Row1+Row2 has at most six diagonals, and so does Row3+Row4, you need five diagonals in Row5. For the same reason, you need five in Row3 and Row1. But then you need one in either Row2 or Row4, and the only free corners do not allow a diagonal to join them. Row3 can't have five diagonals: If it did, Row2 and Row4 could have only one each. That makes seven, leaving nine more between Row1 and Row5. So Row1 or Row5 has five as well. But, just as for the 'seventeen' case, if Row1 and Row3 both have five then Row2 must be empty; so Row4 and Row5 have six between them to make sixteen; So Row	Index-a Don't Forget To Hit <ESC> before going to a different page. Let's play a game of 30 questions. No, not that old standard of 20 questions, but one with an extra 10 questions added in and one that uses numeric answers (from 1 to 30). If you get stumped, go on to the next one. Perhaps the answer you need will be one of those left over when you complete all the questions you're sure of. Each answer is a number. The answers are the numbers 1-30. Each number appears only once. (Obviously) the questions are not in the right order.. 1. Aside from an extra 385 yards, how many miles is a marathon race? 2. If 27 solid cubes are formed into one big 3x3x3 cube how many individual cubes, at most, are visible from any single angle? 3. In the movie Spinal Tap what number is: "Well, it is one louder.."? 4. 'Via Dolorosa' is the (how many) Stations of the Cross, the Christian ritual tracing the key stages of the death of Jesus, beginning with his condemnation and ending with his being laid in the tomb? 5. How many dots are on a (standard 1-6) die? 6. The Russian 'Crimea Highway' trunk road from Moscow to the Crimea in Ukraine is the M (what)? 7. What number, between two hyphens, is used by journalists, etc., to mark the end of a newspaper or broadcast story? 8. How many unique dominoes are in a standard 'double six' set? 9. What number turned on its side (rotated 90 degrees) is the symbol for infinity? 10. The Marvel Comics superhero team led by Mr Fantastic was the Fanstastic (what)? 11. What is the larger number of the binary system? 12. Japanese haiku poems loosely comprise how many syllables? 13. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are respectively (what number)-and-half degrees north and south of the Equator? 14. What number is Hurricane on the Beaufort Scale? 15. Greek deka, and Latin decem, are what number? 16. Conventionally how many books are in the Bible's New Testament? 17. How many legs (or arms) are most usually on a starfish? 18. A lunar month is an average (how many) days plus 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds? 19. 'Roaring' refers to what pluralised number in describing a 1900s decade of western world prosperity? 20. Traditionally what number of years anniversary is symbolized by silver? 21. What is generally stated to be the number of major joints in the human body? 22. What number is the French coded slang 'vingt-deux!', which warns that police are coming? 23. What is the only number that equals twice the sum of its digits (digit means numerical symbol)? 24. The early/mid-1900s American vaudeville comedy act was called the (how many) Stooges? 25. Any line of three numbers in the 'magic square' (a 3 x 3 grid of the numbers 1-9) adds up to what? 26. What is the international SPI resin/polymer identification coding system number (typically shown within a recycling triangle symbol) for polystyrene? 27. Traditionally the diameter of the 45rpm gramophone record is (how many) inches? 28. Pure gold is (how many)-carat? 29. The expression 'On cloud (what)' refers to being blissfully happy? 30. Each player begins with (how many) pieces in a game of chess? Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (born 13 May 1950) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. Kirwan's first recorded work with the band was on the huge instrumental hit single "Albatross". Green later stated that, "I would never have done "Albatross" if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record." The B-side of the single was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini, and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan had adapted the piece for himself and Green to play on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,445	A live episode of which TV soap opera was broadcast on BBC One on 19 February 2010, to celebrate 25 years since the broadcast of the first episode?	BBC - EastEnders - Live episode of EastEnders to air on Friday 19 February 2010 Live episode of EastEnders to air on Friday 19 February 2010 Tuesday 15 October 2009 EastEnders turns 25 next year! To celebrate EastEnders birthday, a live episode will air on Friday 19 February 2010. See all the latest on the live episode and 26th anniversary The award-winning soap first broadcast on BBC One in 1985. Since then the show has brought some of the most notorious characters and memorable moments in British 'soap' history to the small screen. Who can forget all the magical weddings, like the one between Ricky and Bianca ? Then there are the family feuds full of intrigue and menace. Remember when Den served the divorced papers to Angie on Christmas Day in 1986? It's still the highest rated episode of a soap in British television history! And of course there are also those unforgettable storylines which have tackled issues from teenage pregnancy and HIV through to the more recent mental health and child abuse storylines. The bold stories and colourful characters make EastEnders a talking point for the nation. The live episode aims to do just the same. EastEnders Executive Producer, Diederick Santer says: "It's too early to discuss the exact storyline at this point, but viewers are assured that this live episode will bring them all the high drama and excitement they expect from EastEnders and then some." He continues: "The episode will feature - amongst other things - the resolution to a big storyline which will keep the audience (as well as the cast and crew) guessing until the very last moment. Every time I think about this episode I get excited as well as a little nervous, but nonetheless we are all thrilled to be celebrating our 25 years on screen with a live episode. It's a big test for every member of the production here, and hopefully a big treat for the audience." The 30-minute episode will transmit from BBC Elstree, the home of EastEnders, at 8.00pm on Friday 19 February 2010 on BBC One. This will be the culmination of a week of special episodes that will celebrate 25 years as one of Britain's best loved soaps.	BBC - Press Office - Network TV Programme Information Week 42 Blue Peter Feature Programme copy (Blue Peter At 50) The Beginning 1. Blue Peter first aired on 16 October 1958 and transmitted for 15 minutes. 2. The first presenters were Christopher Trace and Leila Williams. Christopher Trace was the stand-in for Charlton Heston in blockbuster Ben-Hur and Leila Williams had been crowned Miss Great Britain the previous year. 3. Blue Peter was created by John Hunter Blair. Throughout the programme's 50-year history, there have been just six editors: Biddy Baxter, Lewis Bronze, Oliver Macfarlane, Steve Hocking, Richard Marson and the current editor Tim Levell. 4. The 50th anniversary edition of the show on 16 October will be programme number 4,406. Ships and Songs 5. Blue Peter is named after the blue and white flag hoisted when a ship is ready to set sail from port. The reasoning for the choice is that the programme is intended to be a voyage of adventure and discovery for the viewers, constantly covering new topics. 6. The ship's symbol, the Blue Peter Galleon, was designed by much-loved TV artist Tony Hart, who received just £100 for his work – which is worth an estimated £1,537 in today's money. Had he been paid royalties they would have made him a millionaire. 7. The theme tune is called Barnacle Bill. There have been nine versions of the theme tune, and the latest arrangement was introduced for this year's series. The Faces 8. There have been 34 Blue Peter presenters, including this year's new recruits, Helen Skelton and Joel Defries. 9. The longest-serving presenter was John Noakes, who presented the series for 12 and a half years and was 45 when he left. On one famous occasion, John was asked to drop his trousers for the show to show the bruises he had sustained during a bobsleigh film. According to his recollection, he realised that he was wearing his wife's underwear which he had put on by accident in the dark! On 17 May 1976, John Noakes collapsed in the studio due to exhaustion and Lesley Judd had to take over. 10. John Noakes's famous catchphrase was "Get Down Shep". In 1978, pop group The Barron Knights released a single of the same name which reached No. 44 in the charts. 11. Peter Duncan is the only presenter to do two stints on the show. He became a gold badge holder after he was made Chief Scout in Feb 2007. 12. Yvette Fielding was the youngest-ever presenter. She was 18 when she joined the series. 13. Sarah Greene met her husband, former TV presenter Mike Smith, through Blue Peter whilst being filmed learning to dive on the Mary Rose wreck. 14. The shortest-serving listed presenter was Anita West, who lasted for just four months before returning to her acting career. 15. The following stars applied to be become presenters but didn't make it: Kevin Whately, Sally James, Howard Stableford, Gail Porter, Jake Humphrey, Todd Carty and Sidney Sloane. 16. The famous Blue Peter badge was launched on 17 June 1963. 17. There are six types of badges – Blue, Green, Silver, Gold, Purple and Orange. Blue can be won by viewers sending in an interesting letter, poem, picture or story, or by appearing on the programme. Silver is for viewers who already have a blue but have to do something different to win one. Green is the environmental award, for viewers who make contributions on "green" subjects. Orange is given to viewers who have been either a winner or runner-up in a Blue Peter competition. The Gold badge is Blue Peter's highest award and is only given to people who have shown outstanding bravery and courage, or have represented their country in an international event. Introduced in 2006, the Purple badge is awarded to "Team Player" children who take an active role in the show, either by reviewing it, suggesting ideas for items or helping with audience research. 18. Famous Gold badge winners include Her Majesty The Queen, who received one in 2001, David Beckham, JK Rowling, Torvill and Dean and Bonnie the Blue Peter dog, who was given one on her retirement in 1991. It has also be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,446	In 1498 who painted 'The Last Supper', located in the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan?	Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan Santa Maria delle Grazie - cenacolovinciano.net The Santa Maria delle Grazie is one of Milan's most beautiful churches thanks in part to its architectural history, which resulted in an intriguing combination of Gothic and Renaissance design. But the church's fame is mostly a result of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Last Supper', which can be admired in the adjoining refectory. History Santa Maria delle Grazie In 1463 the Dominican Order commissioned Guiniforte Solari with the construction of a church for their monastery. Solari designed a beautiful structure in a late Gothic style, which was completed in 1490. Ludovico il Moro, the duke of Milan, decided the Santa Maria delle Grazie would be a perfect sepulchre for him and his wife and in preparation asked Donato Bramante in 1492 to remodel the church. Bramante rebuilt the apse and crowned it with a magnificent sixteen-sided drum in Renaissance style. Ludovico's wife Beatrice d'Este was buried here in 1497. The nave Ludovico Il Moro himself however was ousted in 1500 and his sepulchral monument was moved to the Certosa of Pavia. In 1943 allied bombardments destroyed the main cloister. The church was damaged but Bramante's dome escaped unscathed. The building was restored shortly after the war, in 1947. The Church Both the interior and exterior show an interesting combination of Gothic and Renaissance styles. The sober brick facade was designed by Solari while the Renaissance-style entrance is attributed to Bramante. Chancel The lunette in the portico was painted by Leonardo da Vinci and shows Mary accompanied by Ludovico and his wife. The exterior is dominated by Bramante's masterfully designed dome, decorated with medallions of saints and coats-of-arms. The central nave and aisles are magnificent examples of late Gothic architecture. It features elegant pointed arches embellished with delicate frescoes. The Renaissance style chancel is less decorated and seems almost sparse in contrast. Cloister Along the aisles are a number of chapels, many of which are beautifully decorated with frescoes. Also of note are the wooden choir stalls in the apse. To the left is the entrance to the Chiostrino delle Rane, a small cloister named after the bronze frog sculptures around the edge of the cloister's fountain. From here you have a nice view of the church's dome. The Last Supper Adjoining the church is a modest building, known as the Cenacolo Vinciano. It was built by Solari as the refectory for the Dominicans and is now famous for Leonardo da Vinci's painting of The Last Supper. The Italian master created the wall painting between 1495 and 1498 on request of Ludovico il Moro. The artist depicts the moment after Jesus tells his disciples that one of them will betray him. The work shows their surprise with realistic facial expressions, lively poses and subtle light. Da Vinci used an experimental technique, known as Tempera Forte, to paint the Last Supper. This allowed him to paint with more nuances than would be possible with a conventional fresco, but already in 1518 it became clear that this technique led to a fast deterioration of the painting. In 1568 art historian Giorgio Vascari considered it a lost cause. In 1726 Michelangelo Bellotti completely repainted the work and numerous restorations followed, the last of which started in the 1970s and was concluded in 1999. Opposite Leonardo's masterpiece is a fresco painted by Donato Montorfano. Both paintings almost miraculously survived the bombing of 1943 which turned the rest of the refectory into ruins, probably thanks to sandbags that were placed against the walls. Duration: 3 hours 30 minutes Book this tour	Cathedral Church of St. Michael - Coventry Location Priory Street Coventry's 14th Century St. Michael's cathedral was destroyed on the night of November 14th, 1940 during a massive bombing raid targetted on the city. The decision was made in the 1950s that the old cathedral would not be rebuilt but would be kept as a memorial and a new building would be erected beside it. A canopy supported by stone pillars connects the two churches. The foundation stone for the new cathedral was laid by Queen Elizabeth II on March 23rd, 1956. A little over six years later the building was consecrated, on the same day that the modern replacement for Berlin's Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church was also consecrated. The website dedicated to Sir Basil Spence describes the building as follows, "The main body of the new building is constructed of red sandstone. Projecting out are the circular Chapel of Unity ..... ............ and the Chapel of Industry. " "Zigzag walls let angled windows direct light down the nave towards the altar." At the end of the nave hangs Graham Sutherland's 74 foot high tapestry of "Christ in Glory". Approximately the size of a tennis court, this work of art took twelve weavers three years to complete. Facing Sutherland's tapestry at the other end of the nave is a great glass wall in which Tim Hutton has engraved a "Screen of Saints and Angels." To one side is the font, made from a three-ton boulder from a hillside near Bethlehem, and behind it stands John Piper's Baptistry window made up of 195 panes of stained glass bathing the stone font in a pool of colour. Outside Jacob Epstein's spectacular bronze sculpture of "St. Michael Subduing the Devil" stands beside the stairs that lead up from Priory Street to the entrance. In the ruins of the old Cathedral is this statue of Reconcilliation. It is a copy of a statue originally entitled "Reunion" that was presented to Bradford University in 1998. The sculptress Josefina de Vasconcellos, who created it said, "The sculpture was originally conceived in the aftermath of the War. Europe was in shock, people were stunned. I read in a newspaper about a woman who crossed Europe on foot to find her husband, and I was so moved that I made the sculpture. Then I thought that it wasn't only about the reunion of two people but hopefully a reunion of nations which had been fighting." This copy is one of a number that have been donated to important historical sites including Hiroshima and the Berlin Wall Memorial.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,447	What famous guitar player called himself a voodoo child?	Jimy Bleu as Jimi Hendrix - Band in New York NY - BandMix.com Jimy Bleu as Jimi Hendrix + Band in New York, NY New York , New York , 11415 Active over 1 month ago \| ID#: 23669 Band \| Classic Rock, Rock ***See The PHOTOS Section For Site Link & Performance Links*** The Longest-running & ONLY Authentic Jimi Hendrix Tribute Show Artist since 1968. The show is fronted by New York City's own Jimy Bleu, who is carrying on, by direct personal lineage, a concept Hendrix called "Electric Ladyland". "Kiss The Sky" consists of Bleu fronting 2 musicians portraying "The Experience" & later in the set 2 musicians portraying "The Band Of Gypsys". The revue performs with vintage equipment, light show & costume changes, covering EVERY period of Jimi's illustrious career with emphasis on creating an exciting stage show. Performing world-wide, the show has opened for and toured with the likes of Aerosmith, Slade, Graham Central Station, The J. Geils Band and Foghat, as well as appearing in major venues such as the Woodstock 25th anniversary, the Atlantic Pop Festival and Reggae Sunsplash to name a few. They have also appeared on German TV, London's BBC TV and MTV. This isn't simply a tribute act.....this is a serious re-creation which started when Bleu was a member of the official Jimi Hendrix fan club at Warner/Reprise records from 1968-1971. Bleu, himself a former Columbia/Def Jam recording artist having had relative success in the '90's with music mogul Russell Simmons as his personal manager, performs the music of Hendrix in the studio on all instruments and vocals. Besides giving lecture/demonstrations about Hendrix on TV & college campuses across the USA, an unauthorized feature film based on Jimi Hendrix produced by Bleu is currently in post-production as well as an off-Broadway play of the film currently being revised. Bleu periodically tours with Hendrix bassist Bill Cox's "Band Of Gypsys Experience". Screen name: 63 years Influences The Most Comprehensive Presentation EVER Of The Music & The Mysticism Of The Man With The Guitar: * Only 1 Man Can Showcase The Hard Explosive Rock Which Hendrix Best Exemplified With "The Experience" * Only 1 Man Can Showcase The Afro Funk Which Hendrix Delivered With The "Band Of Gypsys" * Only 1 Man Can EXCEEDINGLY Re-produce Hendrix's Studio Sound Playing All The Instruments & Vocals Himself Members Of Band AJ Hagar - Bass/Bkgd Vcl ("Experience") Ted Edwards - Drums ("Experience") James Jackson - Drums ("Band Of Gypsys") Dave Avalon - Bass/Bkgd Vcl ("Band Of Gypsys") SHOW REVIEWS ï¿½The Experience & The Band Of Gypsies done extremely wellï¿½I felt as though I was watching a play about Hendrixï¿½ - legendary DJ Frankie Crocker 1979 ï¿½Go and become experiencedï¿½..itï¿½s an evening well spentï¿½ - Al Stweeje, Good Times Newspaper Concert Review 1985 ï¿½Definitely lives up to the hypeï¿½ - Rolling Stone Magazine Concert Review 1992 ï¿½It wouldnï¿½t have been ï¿½Woodstockï¿½ without THIS Hendrixï¿½ - Woodstock 25th Anniversary Concert Promoter 1994 ï¿½A dead-on recreation of the man with the guitarï¿½ - Soundbeat E-zine Tribute Band Review 2006 ï¿½It's like seeing Hendrix, Marley & Prince at once.....nice!!" - TM Stevens (bassist for Sly Stone, Miles Davis, James Brown & many others) 2008 ï¿½Jimy Bleuï¿½..the rockerï¿½.the guitar player extraordinaire!!ï¿½ - Corky Laing (drummer from ï¿½Mountainï¿½) 2010 ï¿½I wouldnï¿½t call this a tributeï¿½.you guys got it down!!ï¿½ - R&B icon Jimmy Castor 2011 ï¿½Wowï¿½..to me youï¿½re itï¿½ï¿½..keep doinï¿½ it!!!ï¿½ - Jabo Starks (drummer from James Brownï¿½s band) 2012 "You definitely got it down more than anyone I've come across" - guitar virtuoso Pat Travers 2015 "I should have interviewed YOU for my bookazine" - Emily Gatlin (author of "The Unknown Hendrix") 2015 "Jimi Hendrix aficionado Jimy Bleu.....the real deal.....rock & roll seasoned with blues & soul & MOST IMPORTANT the musically orchestrated direction in which Jimi Hendrix was headed" - Hendrix bassist Billy Cox 2015 "The world knows Jimi Hendrix was in a league of his own and there is no bet	(Don't Fear) The Reaper by Blue Öyster Cult Songfacts Songfacts Blue Öyster Cult's first hit, this was written by lead guitarist Donald Roeser, also known as Buck Dharma. He contributed his vocals to this track and also wrote their other Top 40 hit, " Burnin' For You ." This was rumored to be about suicide, but it actually deals with the inevitability of death and the belief that we should not fear it. When Dharma wrote it, he was thinking about what would happen if he died at a young age and if he would be reunited with loved ones in the afterlife. Dharma explained in a 1995 interview with College Music Journal: "I felt that I had just achieved some kind of resonance with the psychology of people when I came up with that, I was actually kind of appalled when I first realized that some people were seeing it as an advertisement for suicide or something that was not my intention at all. It is, like, not to be afraid of it (as opposed to actively bring it about). It's basically a love song where the love transcends the actual physical existence of the partners." Blue Öyster Cult was considered a "cult" band, somewhere in the realm of heavy metal with complex and often baffling lyrics dealing with the supernatural. Those inside the cult took the time to understand that like Black Sabbath, BOC combined outstanding musicianship with fantasy lyrics, and they weren't for everyone. "Don't Fear The Reaper" exposed them to a wider audience, which was good for business but bad for art. Buck Dharma said in a 1980 interview with NME: "Ever since 'The Reaper' was a hit we've been under pressure to duplicate that success; the body of our work failed. Even on (1977 album) Spectres everyone tried to write a hit single and that's a bad mistake. The Cult is never destined to be successful at a format. To be a singles band you have to win the casual buyer." Some of the lyrics were inspired by Shakespeare's Romeo And Juliet. In Shakespeare's play, Romeo swallows poison when he believes Juliet is dead. Juliet responds by taking her own life. This led many people to believe the song was about suicide, but Dharma was using Romeo and Juliet as an example of a couple who had faith that they would be together after their death. For the lyrics that begin, "40,000 men and women," Dharma was guessing at the number of people who died every day. The album features vocals and songwriting from Patti Smith. She was keyboardist Allen Lanier's girlfriend at the time and had also contributed to one of BOC's previous albums, Secret Treaties. A 2000 Saturday Night Live skit with Christopher Walken made fun of the extremely loud cowbell in this song. In the skit, the band would get upset when Will Ferrell would play the bell too loud, but Walken kept calling for "More Cowbell." In the skit, Walken plays a super-producer named Bruce Dickinson, who the band respects enough to put up with his cowbell antics. There really is a Bruce Dickinson (besides the Iron Maiden lead singer), but he didn't produce "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" - that was David Lucas, who also brought us the General Electric "We bring good things to life" and the AT&T "Reach out and touch someone" jingles. Dickinson is an archivist who works on album reissues, which means gathering master tapes to ensure the best sound quality. He is credited as the reissue producer on a later version of the album, which apparently is how he was named in the sketch. Lucas and Dickinson both appeared on the Just My Show podcast, and Lucas explained that the cowbell was his idea, as the song "needed some momentum." He grabbed a cowbell from a nearby recording studio and "just played four on the floor… not hard to do." He found out about the SNL skit when a friend instant messaged him as it was airing. Dickinson says he's always felt a little funny about getting the producer role in the famous skit, but it has made life more interesting. Said Dickinson, "I work with Iggy Pop on a lot of stuff and a lot of times when he calls and I pick up the phone, he goes 'More cowbell!'" Blue Öyster Cult released their last album in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,448	In which Shakespeare play does the character Custard appear?	Shakespeare's Plays Shakespeare's Plays Before the publication of the First Folio in 1623, nineteen of the thirty-seven plays in Shakespeare's canon had appeared in quarto format. With the exception of Othello (1622), all of the quartos were published prior to the date of Shakespeare's retirement from the theatre in about 1611. It is unlikely that Shakespeare was involved directly with the printing of any of his plays, although it should be noted that two of his poems, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were almost certainly printed under his direct supervision. Here you will find the complete text of Shakespeare's plays, based primarily on the First Folio, and a variety of helpful resources, including extensive explanatory notes, character analysis, source information, and articles and book excerpts on a wide range of topics unique to each drama. Tragedies The story of Mark Antony, Roman military leader and triumvir, who is madly in love with Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Coriolanus (1607-1608) The last of Shakespeare's great political tragedies, chronicling the life of the mighty warrior Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Hamlet (1600-1601) Since its first recorded production, Hamlet has engrossed playgoers, thrilled readers, and challenged actors more so than any other play in the Western canon. No other single work of fiction has produced more commonly used expressions . Earliest known text: Quarto (1603). Although there were earlier Elizabethan plays on the subject of Julius Caesar and his turbulent rule, Shakespeare's penetrating study of political life in ancient Rome is the only version to recount the demise of Brutus and the other conspirators. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). The story of King Lear, an aging monarch who decides to divide his kingdom amongst his three daughters, according to which one recites the best declaration of love. Earliest known text: Quarto (1608). Macbeth (1605-1606) Macbeth is one of Shakespeare's most stimulating and popular dramas. Renaissance records of Shakespeare's plays in performance are scarce, but a detailed account of an original production of Macbeth has survived, thanks to Dr. Simon Forman . Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Othello (1604-1605) Othello, a valiant Moorish general in the service of Venice, falls prey to the devious schemes of his false friend, Iago. Earliest known text: Quarto (1622). Celebrated for the radiance of its lyric poetry, Romeo and Juliet was tremendously popular from its first performance. The sweet whispers shared by young Tudor lovers throughout the realm were often referred to as "naught but pure Romeo and Juliet." Earliest known text: Quarto (1597). Written late in Shakespeare's career, Timon of Athens is criticized as an underdeveloped tragedy, likely co-written by George Wilkins or Cyril Tourneur. Read the play and see if you agree. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Titus Andronicus (1593-1594) A sordid tale of revenge and political turmoil, overflowing with bloodshed and unthinkable brutality. The play was not printed with Shakespeare credited as author during his lifetime, and critics are divided between whether it is the product of another dramatist or simply Shakespeare's first attempt at the genre. Earliest known text: Quarto (1594). Histories One of Shakespeare's most popular plays, featuring the opportunistic miscreant, Sir John Falstaff. Earliest known text: Quarto (1598). This is the third play in the second tetralogy of history plays, along with Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry V. Earliest known text: Quarto (1600). Henry V is the last in the second tetralogy sequence. King Henry is considered Shakespeare's ideal monarch. Earliest known text: Quarto (1600). The first in Shakespeare's trilogy about the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Part two of Shakespeare's chronicle play. Based on Hall's work, the play contains some historical inaccuracies. Earli	Complete List of Shakespeare Plays Complete List of Shakespeare Plays List of Shakespeare Plays: The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Photo © Last Resort / Getty Images By Lee Jamieson Updated September 11, 2016. It is believed that Shakespeare wrote 38 plays in total between 1590 and 1612. This list of Shakespeare plays brings together all 38 plays in the order in which they were first performed. The exact order and dates of the first performances of Shakespeare’s plays are difficult to prove – and are therefore often in dispute. For arguments sake, the dates used in this list of Shakespeare plays are approximate. Chronological List of Shakespeare Plays: Henry VI Part II (1590-1591) Henry VI Part III (1590-1591) Henry VI Part I (1591-1592) Richard III (1592-1593) The Comedy of Errors (1592-1593) Titus Andronicus (1593-1594) The Taming of the Shrew (1593-1594) The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594-1595) Love’s Labour’s Lost (1594-1595) The Merchant of Venice (1596-1597) Henry IV Part I (1597-1598) Henry IV Part II (1597-1598) continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States Henry V (1598-1599) As You Like It (1599-1600) Twelfth Night (1599-1600) The Merry Wives of Windsor (1600-1601) Troilus and Cressida (1601-1602) All’s Well That Ends Well (1602-1603) Measure for Measure (1604-1605)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,449	Directed by John Lasseter, what was, in 1995, the first film to be entirely computer-generated?	Pixar Luxo Jr. is completed. The short film, John Lasseter’s directorial debut, is unveiled in August at SIGGRAPH and then screened for general audiences at Los Angeles-area theaters in November. Luxo Jr. will be the first three-dimensional computer animated film to be nominated for the Best Animated Short Film Oscar®. 1986 1987 Red’s Dream is completed. Its rain effect and complexity of lighting pose new technological challenges for the team and allow a study in creating mood and atmosphere. A portion of the film is rendered entirely on the Pixar Image Computer. Also directed by John Lasseter, the short film has its premiere in July at SIGGRAPH. 1987 1988 Tin Toy is completed. A partially completed version is screened for SIGGRAPH audiences in August, and the film receives its official premiere later that year at the Ottawa International Film Fest. Tin Toy will be the first computer animated film to receive an Academy Award® when it is named Best Animated Short Film of 1988. Pixar’s new animation system, Menv (short for "modeling environment"), comes online. 2000 2001 Monsters, Inc. is released in theaters on November 2, accompanied by For the Birds. Monsters, Inc. reaches over $100 million in domestic box-office in just 9 days—faster than any animated film in history. It will receive two Academy Award® nominations, including Best Song; Randy Newman will take home the Oscar® for "If I Didn't Have You," from the Monsters, Inc. soundtrack. Rob Cook, Loren Carpenter and Ed Catmull receive an Academy Award of Merit® for Significant Advances in the Field of Motion Picture Rendering. Pixar now numbers over 600 employees. Co-founder Ed Catmull is named Pixar's President. 2001 2002 Mike's New Car, the first-ever Pixar short featuring characters from another Pixar film, premieres on September 17. It is featured as part of the Monster, Inc. DVD and VHS release. The short will receive an Academy Award® nomination for Best Animated Short Film. "a bug's land" attraction opens on October 7 at Disney California Adventure Park. 2002 2003 Finding Nemo is released in theaters on May 30, accompanied by a remastered version of Knick Knack. Finding Nemo breaks opening weekend box-office records domestically for an animated feature. Finding Nemo will be nominated for four Academy Awards® and win the Oscar® for Best Animated Feature. Boundin' premieres and will be nominated for the Academy Award® as Best Animated Short Film. Brave is released in theaters on June 22, accompanied bythe short La Luna. Brave is nominated and wins the Academy Award® for Best Animated Feature Film . Partysaurus Rex, Time Travel Mater, and The Legend of Mor'du are all released. 2012 2013 Monsters University is released in theaters on June 21, accompanied by the short The Blue Umbrella. ABC Televised special Toy Story Of Terror and Tales From Radiator Springs (Hiccups, Spinning, Bugged), are all released. 2013 Toy Story That Time Forgot, Pixar's Holiday TV special, aired on December 2, 2014 on ABC. 2014 2015 After premiering at the 68th Cannes Film Festival in May, Inside Out was released in North America on June 19, 2015, accompanied by the short film LAVA. Inside Out went on to receive several awards, including an Academy Award®, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Critics' Choice Award, Annie Award, and Satellite Award for Best Animated Feature. 2015-1 2015 (cont.) The Good Dinosaur premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on November 17, 2015. It was accompanied by the short film Sanjay's Super Team. 2015-2 2016 Finding Dory premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8, 2016, and was released in the United States on June 17, 2016. Finding Dory is ranked as the highest-grossing animated debut of all time. It was accompanied by the Short Film Piper. 2016	The Brothers Grimm: triple j film reviews + LISTEN TO THIS REVIEW (mp3 0.8 MB) cast: Heath Ledger, Matt Damon, Lena Headey The last movie Terry Gilliam directed that actually made it to the big screen finished was his adaptation of Hunter S. Thompson's drug-addled comic novel Fear & Loathing In Las Vegas. That was 1998. Not that he hasn't been trying, though. After his ill-fated attempt at turning The Man Who Killed Don Quixote into a feature (see 2002 documentary Lost In La Mancha for all the gory details), he finally gets back to where he belongs with The Brothers Grimm, not that he didn't have problems making that film, either! The Brothers Grimm is Gilliam and writer Ehren Kruger's ( The Ring ) wild n' crazy take on the lives of real-life fairytale scribes, Willhelm and Jacob Grimm, who penned the the famous Grimm's fairytales. It's 1796, and the 'Will n' Jake' (the perfectly cast Matt Damon and Heath Ledger) are busy playing ghostbusters to small towns all over Europe. Only the ghosties, witches and beasties they are supposedly exorcising from townships are all fakes staged by Team Grimm out to make an easy buck. The jig is up, however, when a ruthless French 'generale' (longtime Gilliam collaborator Jonathan Pryce hamming it up in a performance that gives John Cleese's "silly French knight" from Monty Python And The Holy Grail a run for his money), sends them in to investigate the mysterious disappearance of a family of girls, reportedly 'spirited away' from their township by an evil enchanted forest. If this sounds like Terry Gilliam at his surreal nightmarish best (think 12 Monkeys (1995), Brazil (1985) and The Fisher King(1991)) you'd be half right. The Brothers Grimm does brim with his trademark dark humour, gruesome 'n' grimy design and some inspired fantasy sequences, especially towards the end when Monica Bellucci ( Irreversible , Matrix II , III ) enters the picture as the evil Mirror Queen. As his fans know only too well, Gilliam likes to push his actors to embrace their inner loon which, at best, is entertaining (Damon doing 'screaming nancy' was hilarious), and at worst, is grating. Never one afraid to embrace his inner loon, Swedish actor Peter Stormare ( Constantine ) is the biggest case for the negative as Italian torturer Cavaldi. The verdict? The Brothers Grimm is another fascinating and spectacular Gilliam failure, too dark to entertain the kids and too light to be a true Gilliam classic. It is patchy and inconsistent and eminently watchable. Another attempt at a big fat adult cartoon made with real actors. Given the grief Gilliam has making regular movies, perhaps it's time for him to swear off live action features altogether and go back to where he started making kooky cartoons for adult audiences. In animation, there are no limits; there no-one can tell him what to do or how to compromise that insane, alluring imagination of his. 3 stars	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,450	Monte Rosa is the highest mountain in which European country?	Monte Rosa \| mountains, Europe \| Britannica.com Monte Rosa Matterhorn Monte Rosa, rounded, snow-covered massif of the Pennine Alps lying on the frontier between Switzerland and Italy , rising southeast of Zermatt , Switz. Ten summits in this huge mountain mass are distinguished by name. Four of them (Nordend, Zumsteinspitze, Signalkuppe [Punta Gnifetti], and Parrotspitze) lie on the frontier; five lower peaks are on the Italian slope. The 10th, Dufourspitze (15,203 ft [4,634 m]), is the highest peak of the mass, the highest peak in Switzerland, and the second highest peak in the Alps . It rises on a buttress west of the frontier ridge. Gorner and several other glaciers on the north slope meet near Zermatt at the head of the Mattervisp River Valley. A laboratory for nuclear research has been established on the Italian slope. The name Monte Rosa is derived from an Aostian patois word roëse, meaning “glacier.” Monte Rosa. Pennine Alps segment of the central Alps along the Italian-Swiss border, bounded by the Great St. Bernard Pass and the Mont Blanc group (southwest), by the Upper Rhône Valley (north), by Simplon Pass and the Lepontine Alps (northeast), and by the Dora Baltea River valley (south). The highest point is... Dufourspitze highest peak (15,203 feet [4,634 m]) of Switzerland and second highest of the Alps, lying 28 miles (45 km) south-southwest of Brig in the Monte Rosa Massif of the Pennine Alps near the Italian border. The summit of the mountain was first reached by an English party in 1855. The peak was named after... in Italy: Mountain ranges ...Adige valley, also with high peaks, such as Mont Blanc (with a summit just over the border in France of 15,771 ft [4,807 m]), the Matterhorn (Italian Monte Cervino; 14,692 ft [4,478 m]), Monte Rosa (with a summit just over the border in Switzerland of 15,203 ft [4,634 m]), and Mount Ortles (12,812 ft [3,905 m]). Lastly, the Eastern Alps run west to east from the Brenner Pass to... 2 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: April 02, 2010 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Monte-Rosa Access Date: January 20, 2017 Share	The State of Colorado - An Introduction to the Centennial State from NETSTATE.COM The State of Colorado Garden of the Gods, Colorado Springs - Pike's Peak Colorado has become known as a skier's paradise, perhaps destined after words from President Theodore Roosevelt, "Passing through your wonderful mountains and canyons I realize that this state is going to be more and more the playground for the whole republic... You will see this the real Switzerland of America." Colorado is the highest state and has more mountains reaching 14,000 feet than any other state. "Grand Mesa", the world's largest flat-top plateau is also found in Colorado. Her mountain scenery is some of the most beautiful and dramatic in the United States and Colorado is a center for vacationers taking advantage of the pleasant summer climate and the ample supplies of powdered snow in the winter. The Rocky Mountain State is a leader in manufacturing of scientific and medical instruments and is also a major agricultural and mining state. Its gold and silver mining boom days are well known. Mrs. J. Brown, socialite wife of a Colorado mining tycoon was immortalized in the Broadway Musical, "The Unsinkable Molly Brown" so called after she survived the sinking of the ocean liner "Titanic". Her home in Denver has been maintained as a museum. THE STATE QUARTER: United States Mint Image The third commemorative quarter-dollar coin released in 2006 honors Colorado, and is the 38th coin in the United States Mint's 50 State Quarters® Program. The Colorado quarter depicts a sweeping view of the state's rugged Rocky Mountains with evergreen trees and a banner carrying the inscription "Colorful Colorado." The coin also bears the inscriptions "Colorado" and "1876." Colorado's Rocky Mountains are home to some of the Nation's most majestic natural wonders. Among these, rising approximately 10,000 feet from the valley floor in Northwest Colorado, Grand Mesa is the largest flat-top mountain in the world, and is home to more than 200 lakes and many miles of scenic hiking trails. Colorado was admitted into the Union on August 1, 1876, becoming our Nation's 38th state. With statehood gained less than one month after the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State." The Colorado Commemorative Quarter Advisory Commission was formed by an Executive Order issued by Governor Bill Owens. Colorado First Lady Frances Owens served as Commission Chair, and design narratives were accepted from citizens. From more than 1,500 submissions accepted by the Commission, five concepts were forwarded to the United States Mint. The sculptor-engravers of the United States Mint and artists in the United States Mint's Artistic Infusion Program developed the candidate designs from the narratives provided, and the designs were returned to Colorado in May 2005. On May 31, 2005, Governor Owens announced "Colorful Colorado" as his recommendation for the Colorado commemorative quarter-dollar. The Department of the Treasury approved the design on July 20, 2005. The four other design concepts considered during the final selection process were "Mesa Verde," featuring Mesa Verde National Park with cliff dwellings; "10th Mountain Division Birthplace," depicting a soldier/skier of the famed United States Army Division that originated in Colorado; "The Centennial State," which features a stylized letter "C" entwined with a mountain columbine flower; and the Rocky Mountains and "Pikes Peak," featuring the gold rush slogan "Pikes Peak or Bust" and a prospector's pick and shovel. For more about the state commemorative quarters, visit this page . This 50 State Quarter Map is a great way to collect and display all 50 State Quarters. Sources... Colorado (World Almanac Library of the States) , by Megan Elias. 48 pages. Gareth Stevens Publishing (July 2002) Reading level: Grades 4-6. Filled with the most up-to-date information, including the latest Census results. Full-color photos bring to life the story of Colorado. In addition to an in-depth factual pro	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,451	US actor, producer and director Nicolas Coppola is better known by what name?	Nicolas Cage - IMDb IMDb Actor \| Producer \| Soundtrack Nicolas Cage was born in Long Beach, California, the son of comparative literature professor August Coppola (a brother of director Francis Ford Coppola ) and dancer/choreographer Joy Vogelsang. He is of Italian (father) and German, English, and Polish (mother) descent. Cage changed his name early in his career to make his own reputation, succeeding... See full bio » Born: a list of 26 people created 05 Oct 2010 a list of 37 people created 29 Jan 2012 a list of 22 people created 29 Jun 2012 a list of 36 people created 15 Jan 2015 a list of 31 people created 11 months ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Nicolas Cage's work have you seen? User Polls Won 1 Oscar. Another 42 wins & 60 nominations. See more awards » Known For National Treasure Benjamin Franklin Gates (2004) Kick-Ass Damon Macready / Big Daddy (2010) 1981 Best of Times (TV Movie) Nicholas (as Nicolas Coppola) 2001 Captain Corelli's Mandolin (performer: "O'Mio Babbino Caro") 2000 The Family Man (performer: "La La (Means I Love You)") 1995 Leaving Las Vegas (performer: "Ridiculous") / (writer: "Ridiculous") 1990 Wild at Heart (performer: "Love Me", "Love Me Tender") 1986 Peggy Sue Got Married (performer: "He Don't Love You" - uncredited) Hide 2003 End of the Century (Documentary) (thanks - as Nicholas Cage) Hide 2016 Evening Urgant (TV Series) Himself 2016 Omg! Insider (TV Series) Himself 2015 Ok! TV (TV Series) Himself 2014 SXSW Flashback 2014 (TV Movie) Himself 2004-2014 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2010-2014 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Himself 2014 Good Morning America (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2013 Superheroes: From Page to Screen (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2013 This Morning (TV Series) Himself 2013 Good Day L.A. (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2013 Vivir de cine (TV Series) Himself 2013 Stolen: Cast and Crew Interviews (Video documentary short) Himself 2013 The Making of 'Stolen' (Video documentary short) Himself 2011-2012 ES.TV HD (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2012 The Making of 'Seeking Justice' (Video documentary short) Himself 2012 Bambule - Das Magazin (TV Series) Himself 2012 Entertainers with Byron Allen (TV Series documentary) Himself - Guest 1992-2012 Saturday Night Live (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Host 2011 Trespass: Inside the Thriller (Video documentary short) Himself 2011 Scream Awards 2011 (TV Special) Himself 2010-2011 Janela Indiscreta (TV Series) Himself 2011 Jump Start Live (TV Series) Himself 2011 Close Up (TV Series) Himself - Interviewee 2010 Lopez Tonight (TV Series) Himself 1990-2010 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Himself 2010 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2009 At the Movies (TV Series) Himself 2009 Días de cine (TV Series) Himself 2009 Le grand journal de Canal+ (TV Series documentary) Himself 2009 The Movie Loft (TV Series) Himself 2008 NT2: Set in History (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 NT2: Crafting the Presidents' Book (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 NT2: Creating the London Chase (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 NT2: On Location (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 NT2: Secrets of a Sequel (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 NT2: Underground Action (Video documentary short) Himself 2008 Eigo de shabera-night (TV Series) Himself 2008 The Directors (TV Series documentary) Himself 2007 Wetten, dass..? (TV Series) Himself 2007 Making the Best Next Thing (Video documentary short) Himself 2007 Weekend Sunrise (TV Series) Himself 2007 Ghost Rider: Comic-Con 2006 (Video documentary short) Himself 2006-2007 HypaSpace (TV Series documentary) Himself 2006-2007 Corazón de... (TV Series) Himself 2006 Visual and Special Effects (Video documentary short) Himself 2006 Movie Rush (TV Series documentary) Himself 2002-2006 Charlie Rose (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2006 Extended Outlook: The Script (Video documentary short) Himself 2006 Relative Humidity: The Characters (Video documentary short) Himself 2005 El Magacine (	Coppelia Girl with the Enamel Eyes 1870 a sentimental comic - DANCE - 45 View Full Document Coppelia, Girl with the Enamel Eyes, 1870- a sentimental comic ballet with original choreography by Arthur Saint-Léon to a ballet libretto by Saint-Léon and Charles Nuittier and music by Léo Delibes . It was based upon a macabre story by E.T.A. Hoffmann entitled " Der Sandmann " ("The Sandman"), published in 1815. The ballet premiered May 25 , 1870 at the Paris Opera , with Giuseppina Bozzachi in the title role. Its first flush of success was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War and the siege of Paris, but eventually it became the most-performed ballet at the Opera Garnier . Swanilda, Frantz Arthur Saint-Leon- the Maître de Ballet of St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869 ; famous for creating the choreography of the ballet Coppélia . Giuseppina Bozzacchi Franco-Prussian War Imperial Russian Ballet- The Mariinsky Ballet, affiliated with the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg , is one of the most famous ballet companies in history. The company was known as This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document the Imperial Ballet until the early 20th century. Following the assassination of Sergei Kirov , they were renamed Kirov Ballet but reverted to the original name after the fall of the Communism. It was for this company that the great choreographer Marius Petipa staged quintessential works of classical ballet, notably the revisions of Giselle , Swan Lake , Le Corsaire and the original ballets Raymonda , The Nutcracker , La Bayadere , Don Quixote , Harlequinade , and The Sleeping Beauty . Tsar- a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs . Jean Baptiste Lande St. Petersburg [to Leningrad, to St. Petersburg]- s a city located in Northwestern Federal District of Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea . It is informally known as Piter and was formerly known as Petrograd and Leningrad. Maryinsky Theater to Kirov Theater- The Mariinsky Theatre and the Kirov Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet named for Sergei Kirov is a historic theatre of opera and ballet in St Petersburg , Russia . The Mariinsky Theatre is named after Empress Maria Alexandrovna , wife of Tsar Alexander II . Moscow, Bolshoi Theater- is a theatre and opera company in Moscow , Russia , which gives performances of ballet and opera . Charles Didelot- was a French dancer and choreographer. The son of the dance maestro of the King of Sweden, he studied dance with his father and then in Paris with Jean Dauberval . He then followed his study with Jean-Georges Noverre . He arrived in Saint Petersburg in 1801 at the invitation of the director of the Imperial Theatres and he made his debute as the first dancer. His career ended in 1806 and from then on he taught dance, having an important influence over the development of ballet . Marius Petipa- was a ballet dancer, teacher, and choreographer. Marius Petipa is often given the title "Father of Classical Ballet", and is cited nearly unanimously by the most noted artists of the classical ballet to be the most influential balletmaster and choreographer that has ever lived. He choreographed Sleeping Beauty and Acts I and III of Swan Lake. ( Ivanov did II and IV) This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. TERM Russian Revolution 1917: the revolution was against the Tsar, the Tsar controlled, fu dance 45	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,452	The third largest town in the Scottish Highlands, which burgh on the Isle of Lewis is also home to one third of the population of the Western Isles?	Welcome to Stornoway Scotland hotels, holidays and accommodation by Madbookings - Stornoway Scotland online, hotels, holiday cottages, camp sites and places to stay in Stornoway Scotland. Click Here to email an Expert Replacement column Welcome to Stornoway Scotland Stornoway is a burgh on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The town's population is around 9,000, making it the largest settlement in the Western Isles (with a third of the population) and the third largest town in the Scottish Highlands after Inverness and Fort William. The civil parish of Stornoway, including various nearby villages, has a population of approximately 12,000. Stornoway is an important port and the major town and administrative centre of the Outer Hebrides. It is home to Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (the Western Isles Council) and a variety of educational, sporting and media establishments. Christian observance of the Sabbath is an important aspect of the town's culture. Attractions Notable buildings in Stornoway include: Stornoway Town Hall; The Lewis War Memorial; The neo-gothic Lews Castle. It is also home to a new arts centre, an Lanntair, containing an art gallery, auditorium for film showings, music and other performances, a restaurant and bar. Other attractions include a museum and the Lewis Loom Centre. Accommodation in and around Stornoway Price Guide - per person based on sharing room: under $40 -	Tobermory Isle of Mull Scotland Website Tobermory was built as a fishing port in the late 18th century and is now the main town on Mull. It is a picture-postcard of a place with the brightly painted buildings along the main street to the pier and the high woodland-fringed hills surrounding the bay. The town has a good variety of shops , hotels , and other accommodation as well as being the administrative centre for the island. The harbour is always busy with fishing boats, yachts and the ferry to and from Kilchoan. In recent years, the island has become very popular for weddings in a romantic atmosphere. There is reputed to be the wreck of a Spanish galleon somewhere in the mud at the bottom of the bay. The ship was part of the defeated Armada of 1588 and was fleeing the English fleet when she anchored in Tobermory to take on provisions. Following a dispute over payment the ship caught fire which caused the gunpowder to explode. She was supposed to have been carrying millions of gold coins when she went to the bottom but no-one has ever managed to find any significant treasure. More recently, Tobermory has been the setting for the children's programme Balamory . After the initial success of these programmes in Britain, Balamory is now reaching a new audience in Australia. The Isle of Mull and Iona have become one of the premier destinations for wildlife watching in the United Kingdom in the last few years. Thousands of people are attracted to the islands in the hope of catching a glimpse of the rare and unusual Golden and White-tailed Eagles , Otter, Corncrake and an abundance of other birds and mammals. The seas off the coast of Mull are important feeding areas for whales, dolphins and basking sharks . The colourful and picturesque island capital of Tobermory is an ideal location from which to make the very most of your wildlife watching on the Isle of Mull. The island is home to the most famous pair of White-tailed Eagles in the world, as featured on numerous television and radio broadcasts. The re-introduction of these iconic birds of prey has been so successful that breeding pairs can now be seen throughout the length and breadth of the island, including Tobermory. A great opportunity exists to come and see the White-tailed Eagles who begin to lay their eggs from early March onwards. Incubation takes place after the first egg is laid and lasts for an average of 38 days. Both sexes share responsibility for sitting on the eggs, although the bulk of the incubation duty is carried out by the female. The Sea Eagle Hide is open all year round but booking is essential. Tel: 01680 812556.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,453	What did VAT replace in 1973?	VAT: a brief history - Telegraph Risk of a rise in VAT if Labour wins election 12 Apr 2010 The EEC took a fairly dim view of this, but allowed some goods, including books, nearly all food, and utility bills to be "zero rated". This was technically a "transition measure" and some experts believe that Brussels could still insist – 35 years after the event – that these zero-rated items carry VAT, as they do in France, where it is levied at 7 per cent on books and 5.5 per cent on food. Since then VAT has changed frequently. In Baroness Thatcher's first term in office, the luxury rate was scrapped and merged into a higher standard rate of 15 per cent, raised to 17.5 per cent in 1991. In the run up to the 1992 election Sir John Major promised not to "extend the scope of value-added tax", but he did raise utility bills from zero-rated to a new 8 per cent reduced rate. This lower rate was subsequently reduced to 5 per cent by Gordon Brown. The zero-rating has thrown up endless confusion, as well as profitable work for lawyers and accountants. Snacks, for instance, carry full VAT because they are deemed to be non-essential. But a peanut in a shell is deemed to be a food, because the consumer needs to "prepare" the nut by shelling it. If a manufacturer has done the shelling for you, it is a snack. Stephen Coleclough, VAT partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers, said: "The regime can't really cope with innovative products such as tortilla chips or smoothies, because the zero-rating rules just follow the guidelines laid out under the Purchase Tax. And we didn't really eat tortilla chips in the 1970s." The current tax legislation handbook, the CCHS Green Book, runs to 3,200 pages just on the subject of VAT. The two most famous rows have involved chocolate covered treats: Jaffa Cakes and marshmallow teacakes. HMRC believed that they were both chocolate-covered snacks, but lawyers successfully argued that were both actually cakes - and therefore zero-rated for VAT. HMRC's relentless monitoring of teatime treats has helped VAT become one of the Treasury's most important taxes. It is scheduled to raise £78 billion this year. Every extra percentage point a chancellor puts on VAT is reckoned to bring in £4.5 billion. Most European countries's VAT rate is about 20 per cent. However, many believe its simplicity makes it a very harsh tax, hitting all consumers, young and old, poor and rich. Mr Coleclough said: "It is seen as a particularly regressive tax. For it to work efficiently it has to be a broad-based tax, which is levied on everything. "But if it was to be put up to the full amount on food, fuel, children's clothing and the like there would be rioting in the streets." Though most items poorer income households, especially pensioners, consume are zero or reduced rated, "they will always in the normal course of events purchase standard rated goods," said Mr Behan.	The Year in Music - 1983 The Year in Music - 1983 Boy George, Cyndi Lauper, George Strait By 1983 the "New Music" of the Eighties -- a blend of rock, soul, disco and reggae wrapped in synth -- had become well-established, and record sales were up after a long slump that had started in the late 1970s. According to TIME Magazine, a "diverse but irresistible mix of sounds has brought the kids back not only to the record racks but to the clubs and concerts as well." A plethora of new acts had injected life into the music industry, with a lot of help from MTV, which by September of this year was reaching over 15 million households. Many of the new acts came from overseas -- in fact, it could be said that a second "British Invasion" occurred in the early Eighties, with groups like The Human League, Soft Cell, Culture Club, Duran Duran, A Flock of Seagulls and the Thompson Twins setting the electropop parameters. Australian groups like Men at Work and INXS were also beginning to fare quite well in America. On the dance floor, David Bowie's "Let's Dance" and Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean" defined the post-disco beat. Last year, rock radio had been playing 75% rock classics; this year they played 75% new music. MTV's five "vee-jays" -- Nina Blackwood, Mark Goodman, Alan Hunter, J.J. Jackson and Martha Quinn -- were airing 300 videos a day, none of which MTV paid for. Record companies realized that rock videos were highly effective sales devices. In 1981, only 23 of Billboard's Top 100 singles were supported by videos; in 1983, over 50% of them were -- as were 17 of the Top 20 albums. MTV sold more music in a single year than radio had in the past five. Research by MTV's parent company, Warner/Amex, revealed that MTV viewers bought an average of nine albums a year, well above the national average. And the average MTV viewer was 25 and made over $30,000 a year -- a statistic that did not escape the 125 advertisers who paid $1,500 for 30 seconds of airtime. In 1982 Les Garland, Vice President of Programming for MTV, said, "The record companies were in serious trouble in 1980 and 1981. They didn't know if [MTV] would help. But they're just now starting to . . . have visions of coming back." No band was more effective than Duran Duran in riding the video wave to success; in 1983 MTV was giving plenty of air play to four of their videos -- "Hungry Like the Wolf," "Rio," "Save A Prayer" and "Girls on Film." However, in spite of the second British Invasion, the most requested act on MTV was the duo of Hall & Oates, which had enjoyed a string of big hits in the early Eighties, including "Maneater," "Private Eyes" and "Your Kiss Is On My List." This was the year that MTV conquered the New York City and Los Angeles markets, and network television as well as local outfits were packaging their own video programs. Ted Turner's WTBS superstation debuted Night Tracks and in July NBC introduced its Friday Night Videos. Video jukeboxes began showing up in clubs and restaurants all across the country. Record companies were having no luck convincing Congress that home taping should be made illegal (as it was in other countries, including Britain.) CBS had created a "spoiler" -- a device in the recording system that when activated by an electronic signal on the pre-recorded cassette or LP prevented duplication -- but didn't dare use it unless legislation required other companies to do likewise. Compact discs were a new idea that many experts in the field doubted would ever really catch on; although no one disputed that CD sound quality was superior to that of cassettes or LPs, the cost of a CD player was prohibitively high at $800-$1,500, while the CD itself cost $20. To recoup expenses for videos airing on MTV for free, record companies began marketing video singles, 10-15 minute video cassettes. Meanwhile, independent label Arista signed a distribution deal with RCA, while Chrysalis did the same with CBS and Motown linked up with MCA. In 1983 a profound change in country music began to take root in Nashville. Texas-born	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,454	"What does the ""S"" in HBOS stand?"	HBOS - What does HBOS stand for? The Free Dictionary HBOS - What does HBOS stand for? The Free Dictionary http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/HBOS HBOS Halifax Bank of Scotland Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ? City watchdogs will look at taking potential further action against former HBOS senior management - including ex-chief executives Andy Hornby and James Crosby, as well as past chairman Lord Stevenson - after a report by barrister Andrew Green blasted former regulators for failing to investigate a raft of executives.	Blockbusters - UKGameshows Blockbusters Simon Mattocks (2012) Broadcast Central in association with Talbot Television and Goodson-Todman Productions for ITV, 29 August 1983 to 19 May 1993 (1160 episodes in 10 series) Central in association with Mark Goodson Productions and Talbot Television for Sky One, 18 April 1994 to 17 February 1995 (180 episodes in 1 series) (but see Regional broadcast details below) Fremantle for BBC2, 31 March to 28 August 1997 (60 episodes in 1 series) Grundy for Sky One, 30 October 2000 to 23 March 2001 (100 episodes in 1 series) ITV Productions and TalkbackThames for ITV1, 14 April 2007 ( Gameshow Marathon one-off) Thames for Challenge, 14 May to 3 August 2012 (41 episodes in 1 series) Synopsis First letter first The UK version of this original American show consisted of twenty lettered hexagons. If a contestant nominated a particular space (say, W), host Bob Holness would read out a question in the format "What W is the most north-westerly state in mainland USA?" Master of ceremonies, Bob Holness Buzzing in and answering the question correctly meant that space would be turned your colour. One player had the white spaces, and a team of two players had blue. The idea of the game was to fill in as many spaces as necessary so that a contiguous line of your colour went across the board horizontally (for the blue team) or vertically (for the white player, who could make the journey in one less space than the blues to compensate for their single-ness). The 'two against one' concept proved rather contentious, with many viewers being of the opinion that the double team had an unfair advantage (even if they did have to answer more questions correctly to win), but the format was clearly such a winning one that the whole issue never really mattered that much and it certainly didn't affect the show's popularity or reputation. In any case, there were certainly plenty of single player-victories over all the series. Getting a question correct also allowed you to choose the next letter. As you can see from the diagram, the single player had a shorter route than the pair of blue players. The board is constructed in such a way that ties weren't possible, although a frequent occurrence was the "mutual space" whereby both sides needed the same one space in order to complete their line across the board. On the run The side who won the best of three matches went on to play the Gold Run. In this game, the participant (either the white player, or a nominated player from the blue team) had to work their way across the board from left to right within 60 seconds (or "within that magic minute", as Bob often put it). The hexagons had letter combinations such as "MTOC" and the contestants had to guess what these stood for using clues given by the host. e.g. "Famous humanitarian from India" would be "Mother Theresa of Calcutta". Regardless of whether the player won the Gold Run or not, the champion(s) went on to play another team or single player. Winning successive matches earned a chance at further Gold Runs with increasingly impressive prizes. A fourth Gold Run tended to be a holiday break somewhere in Europe, while winning the fifth and final Gold Run led to an excellent adventure holiday somewhere in the world. A failed Gold Run meant that the contestant(s) would get £10 for every correct answer. Correct answers during the main game were worth £5. Oh, and during the main game, there was always the chance that a letter chosen would emit a special noise, indicating that the contestant who got it right would win a prize for his/her school. This was usually something along the lines of a computer or science or sports equipment. Although a fair number of contestants achieved this, very few actually won more than one school-prize. In the later series of the ITV version of Blockbusters they made an effort to cut costs, err... we mean, of course, get through more contestants by limiting players to three rounds only. In fact, one UKGS correspondent reports that when he was a contestant in 1989, he was told that the reason they c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,455	What word, from French and Portuguese etymology meaning 'raised', in different variants refers to various peoples around the world who are born locally, of foreign origin?	language facts, information, pictures \| Encyclopedia.com articles about language I THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE The psychologist tends to look at language in the first instance as he would look at any other problem area. Unique or special problems are confronted as they arise, but there is no unequivocal case for or against a special psychology—one created for language alone. The best, or, perhaps, the only way to discuss the psychology of language at this time is to describe how psychologists have been looking at it. Much of what can be said receives consideration in other articles in these volumes. The present one can serve as an introduction to the other articles, and it will be concerned, in part at least, with an attempt to set the framework which marks psychological studies of language. Certain more specific problems will also be treated—problems which represent some of the writer’s special interests and which are unlikely to receive extended discussion elsewhere. Early interests of psychologists in language Studies of language—or, as psychologists prefer to call it, verbal behavior, which applies to both spoken and written forms—began very early in the postphilosophical period in psychology. Several themes may be identified (see Carroll 1953 ). The “word-association experiment.” First, Wilhelm Wundt, often called the first experimental psychologist, was interested in language—but more from a naturalistic than from an experimental point of view. However, workers in his laboratory early took an interest in the “word-association experiment,” the origin of which is usually attributed to Sir Francis Galton. Galton’s pioneering work was carried out with himself as subject: he wrote down stimuli on slips of paper and later looked at each slip (on more than one occasion) and recorded the thoughts that were thereby elicited. He also timed these reactions and noted the tendencies for the same or different thoughts to occur on the several occasions on which he looked at each slip (Warren 1921). The “word-association experiment,” despite its early entrance into the psychological laboratory (some of the results obtained are still cited today; see e.g. Woodworth [1938] 1960), soon figured more prominently in clinical diagnostic work than in the experimental laboratory. While the associations made by pathological subjects and by normal subjects were often found to differ, on the average, the association method never reached a dominant position in the armamentarium of clinical techniques, in the detection of “complexes,” or, except in classroom demonstrations, in the detection of “guilty knowledge,” although it was applied to all of these problems. It is safe to say that until about 1950 it had fallen into relative neglect. In the years since 1950, however, interest in association methods has reached a very high level because of the demonstrated value of measured associations in predicting other verbal behavior [see also Marshall & Cofer 1963 ; Noble 1963 ; see also Analytical Psychology and the biography of Jung ]. Verbal learning The study of verbal learning was begun in the laboratory almost as early as the word association method. Hermann Ebbinghaus reported the first experiments in a classic monograph in 1885. Ebbinghaus, however, was not really concerned with general questions of language or verbal behavior; he was interested instead in the formation of associations, and he attempted to prevent such factors as meaning, meaningfulness, and connectedness from influencing his results by inventing and using the nonsense syllable. A vast outpouring of work on verbal learning followed Ebbinghaus’ pioneer efforts (see e.g. McGeoch [1942] 1952; Conference …1961; Conference…1963), but current opinion is that verbal learning cannot be divorced from features of the subject’s usual language. [See Learning , article on Verbal Learning ; and the biography of Ebbinghaus .] Mediational processes A third concern in psychology’s study of verbal behavior is the role verbal processes may have in mediating between stimuli and responses. Quite ear	Quia - French Life- Teacher's Discovery Trivia Java Games: Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. French Life- Teacher's Discovery Trivia Tools What percentage of the French people are raised Catholic? 90% Which is faster, the rapide, the express, or the omnibus? the rapide What is an Hôtel de Ville? a town hall At what age do children begin a lycée? 15-16 Where do the French people prefer to die? at home What color are the uniforms of the agents de police? blue In which hand do the French hold the fork while eating? left What is the national greeting in France? kisses on each cheek In France, which type of wedding is required by law: civil or religious? civil What fraction of the French live in Paris? one sixth France is 2nd to what other country as leading exporters of food and drink? United States Where would you find a couchette? on a train What good is a jeton? token for pay telephone For which must one pay tuition: école maternelle or jardin d'enfants? jardin d'enfants What do children hunt at Easter? eggs What is the legal voting age in France? 18 How many children does the average married couple have? two Are the French taking more or less leisure time than before? more What kind of men are pictured on French money? artists, writers If you call en PCV, who pays? the person you are calling What do the French people do upon leaving each other? Shake hands What is the French attitude toward public displays of affection? they ignore it or greet it with a smile In France, a person is guilty until proven innocent: true or false? true What is the age for getting a driver's license? 18 At a formal dinner, where do most host and hostess sit? at ends opposite each other What is Maxim's? What is the largest airline in France? Air France Do windows usually swing inwards or outwards? inwards What are the colors of the French flag? red, white, and blue In what does Père Noël put candies? in shoes When is the French Labor Day? May 1 What is celebrated on November 11? Memorial Day, end of World War I What do the French do after Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve? go home and eat a big dinner Where would you most likely find Par Avion written? on an envelope ("airmail") How many kilometers equal one mile? 1.6 Is a liter more of less than a gallon? less What is the primary religion of France? Roman Catholicism When do the French celebrate La Toussaint? November 1 What percentage of the world does not use the metric system? 10 If a taxi is available in Paris, will the light be on or off? on How many cents are in a euro? 100 What is the unit of money in France? the euro What is meant by francophone? French-speaking person/nation	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,456	What is the more common name of the medical condition 'Diplopia'?	Double Vision (Diplopia): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments - Medical News Today Double Vision (Diplopia): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments Written by Tim Newman Reviewed by University of Illinois-Chicago, School of Medicine 3.5 20 When an individual sees a double image where there should only be one, it is referred to as double vision or diplopia. The two images can be side by side, one on top of the other, or a combination of both. Double vision can affect just one eye (monocular) or both eyes (binocular). Treatments vary depending on the cause and type but include eye exercises, specially designed glasses, and surgery. Other than the obvious difficulties of navigating the world while viewing a double image, double vision can also cause disruptions in balance, movement and reading ability. There are a number of potential causes for double vision. As a result, the treatment depends on the particular patient. Some of the underlying causes are minor, others are serious. For this reason, any instances of double vision should be checked by a doctor sooner rather than later. This article will take a look at the potential causes, diagnosis, and treatment of double vision. Fast facts on double vision (diplopia) Here are some key points about double vision (diplopia). More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Double vision can be caused by a number of underlying conditions Diplopia can affect just one eye or both A childhood squint can sometimes recur and cause double vision Temporary double vision can be caused by alcohol or other recreational drugs Treatments can include surgery, eye exercises, or corrective lenses Causes of binocular double vision Double vision can be caused by a number of conditions. Each eye creates its own image of the environment. These two representations are combined by the brain so that they are be perceived as one clear picture. If damage occurs to the muscles that move the eyes or the nerves that control that movement, a double image can be created. It is necessary for both eyes to be functioning together to create depth of field. Alternatively, the muscles moving the eyes can become weakened by certain illnesses and produce double vision. Squint In some cases, the eyes may not be properly aligned. This condition is referred to as a squint or strabismus. Squints are relatively common in children but do not necessarily result in double vision. Squints cause the eyes to look in slightly different directions. This might be because the affected eye muscle(s): Are paralyzed or weak Are too strong Have abnormal nerves controlling them Sometimes, a squint can recur in people who had a squint as a child. In some cases, the treatment of a squint can actually cause double vision, despite the individual's vision being normal before the squint was treated. This is because the brain had been suppressing signals from one of the eyes in an attempt to maintain normal vision. Temporary double vision In some cases, double vision can be temporary. Temporary double vision is often caused by alcohol intoxication, benzodiazepines, opioids, or certain types of drugs for seizures and epilepsy . Head injuries, like concussions , can also cause temporary double vision. Being particularly tired or having strained eyes can bring on temporary double vision. If normal vision does not come back quickly, medical attention should be sought as soon as possible. Other causes of double vision Other than a squint, there are a number of potential conditions that can cause double vision. These include: Certain thyroid problems can cause double vision. Thyroid: the thyroid gland is situated in the neck and produces a hormone called thyroxine. Changes in thyroid function can affect the external muscles that control the eye. This includes Grave's disease . Stroke or transient ischemic attack: blood vessels supplying the brain or nerves controlling the eye muscles can be affected. Aneurysm: an aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel. This can press on the nerve of the eye muscle. Convergence insufficiency : a condition wher	Double Vision (Diplopia): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Weakness in your eyes or anywhere else Droopy eyelids How Is It Diagnosed? Double vision that's new or unexplained needs medical care right away. With so many potential causes, it's important to discover the reason without delay. Your doctor will most likely use more than one method to find out what’s causing your problem. He might try blood tests, a physical exam , and maybe an imaging test like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One of the most effective tools for your doctor is the information you provide. Think about these questions before your appointment. When did the double vision start? Have you hit your head, fallen, or been unconscious? Were you in a car accident? Is the double vision worse at the end of the day or when you're tired? Have you had any other symptoms besides double vision? Do you tend to tilt your head to one side? Look at old pictures, or ask family -- you may not even be aware of the habit. Now, focus on something in your field of vision that isn’t moving, like a window or a tree. Are the two objects side by side, or is one on top of the other? Or are they slightly slanted? Which one is higher or lower? Are both images clear but not in line? Or is one blurry and the other clear? Cover one eye, then switch. Does the problem go away when either eye is covered? Pretend your field of vision is a clock face. Move your eyes around the clock, from noon to six and around to 12 again. Is your vision worse at any clock position? Does any position make it better? Tilt your head to the right, then to the left. Do any of these positions improve your eyesight or make it worse? Continued	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,457	What is the second longest river on the island of New Guinea?	What is the longest river in the world? - Ask History Ask History July 9, 2014 By Nate Barksdale Share this: What is the longest river in the world? Author What is the longest river in the world? URL Google The longest river in the world, measured from its mouth to its most distant, year-round source, is likely the Amazon, which flows 4,345 miles from the Peruvian Andes through Brazil to the Atlantic Ocean. However, much depends on how you measure it. Until 2007, the title belonged to the Nile, which runs 4,258 miles from the mountains of Burundi to its famed and fertile delta fan, where Egypt meets the Mediterranean Sea. The two lengths are close enough that measuring techniques and philosophies can be quite controversial. In fact, the geographers who crowned the Amazon champion were funded in part by the Brazilian government. The Ancient Egyptians were familiar with the Nile as far upstream as today’s Khartoum, Sudan, some 1,700 miles from the river’s mouth. In A.D. 150 Ptolemy, the famed Greek geographer living in Roman Egypt, wrote that the river originated in the “Mountains of the Moon” deep in the African interior. In 1862 English explorer John Hanning Speke journeyed from Africa’s east coast to find what he considered to be the source, where the river exits Lake Victoria in present-day Uganda. Geographers did not explore the Amazon’s most distant sources until the mid-20th century, and it was only with the advent of GPS technologies that ever-more accurate estimates, like the 2007 survey, were made possible. Great rivers change course over the seasons and the years, making it difficult to determine which measurement comprises its accurate length. As the crow flies, it is about 2,400 miles from the Nile’s source to its outlet (the meandering Amazon covers a mere 1,100 miles of straight-line distance). Tags	Murray River \| river, Australia \| Britannica.com Murray River list of Australian politicians Murray River, principal river of Australia and main stream of the Murray-Darling Basin. It flows some 1,572 miles (2,530 km) across southeastern Australia from the Snowy Mountains to the Great Australian Bight of the Indian Ocean . The main towns in the Murray River valley are Albury, Wodonga, Echuca , Swan Hill , Mildura, Renmark , and Murray Bridge . The river is named after Colonial Secretary Sir George Murray. Murray River, South Australia. age fotostock/SuperStock Physical features Although the Murray-Darling Basin has a total catchment area of some 409,835 square miles (1,061,469 square km), the Murray’s average annual discharge is only 31 cubic feet (0.89 cubic metre) per second, and in places it has dried up on at least three occasions. The river rises on The Pilot (a mountain), near Mount Kosciuszko in southeastern New South Wales . It flows west and northwest, passes through Hume Reservoir above Albury , and forms most of the boundary between New South Wales and Victoria . At Morgan, S.Aus., it bends sharply southward to flow through Lake Alexandrina to Encounter Bay on the Great Australian Bight. For most of its course through South Australia (250 miles [400 km]), the river is bordered by a narrow floodplain and flows between cliffs 100 feet (30 metres) high. Its upper 200 miles (320 km) cut through mountainous terrain. The central section, however, lies on a broad and mature floodplain, with the Riverina plains of New South Wales to the north and the plains of northern Victoria to the south. Its principal tributaries are the Darling , Murrumbidgee , Mitta Mitta, Ovens, Goulburn , Campaspe , and Loddon rivers. Economy and water management The Murray-Darling Basin , occupying about one-seventh of Australia’s area, is of immense economic significance, lying across the great wheat-sheep belt in its climatically most reliable section. During the second half of the 19th century, river shipping was of great importance, but, with growing competition from railways and demand for irrigation water (first used at Mildura in 1886), navigation practically ceased. The basin has by far Australia’s greatest area of irrigated crops and pastures, some 3.6 million acres (1.5 million hectares), more than 70 percent of the national total. It is the country’s second largest wine-producing region; other major products include cattle, sheep, grains, and fruit. The Murray River at Echuca, Victoria, Austl. Nathan Hurst Murray River - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The chief river of Australia, the Murray, flows 1,609 miles (2,589 kilometers) from the Snowy Mountains to the Great Australian Bight of the Indian Ocean. It rises near Mount Kosciuszko in southeastern New South Wales and flows northwestward to form the border between Victoria and New South Wales. At Morgan, South Australia, it bends southward and flows through Lake Alexandrina to Encounter Bay, 40 miles (64 kilometers) east of Adelaide on Australia’s south coast. The Murray’s main tributaries are the Darling and the Murrumbidgee-an Aboriginal word meaning "big waters." The Murray-Darling River system, as it is sometimes called, stretches over approximately 2,300 miles (3,700 kilometers) and passes through mountains and floodplains. The main towns along the Murray are Albury, Echuca, Swan Hill, Mildura, Renmark, and Murray Bridge. Article History	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,458	What unit of measurement is used to measure the height of a horse?	Measure Horse Height Note: Links with green underlines are shopping links and will open in a new window How To Measure Horse Height It's easy to measure you horse's height accurately. To determine how tall a horse is measure the horse, in inches, from the ground in a straight line up to the highest point of the withers. This is illustrated in the photo below by the yellow line. Above: The height of a horse is properly measured, in inches, from the ground to the highest point of the withers. For the most accurate measurement the horse should be on firm, level ground with its front feet even, or close to even. Calculating The Results After you have measured your horse you will need to convert the results from inches to "hands." Horse height is correctly referred to by a unit of measurement known as a "hand." One hand is equal to four inches. The gray mare in the photo above is 58 inches from the ground to the top of her withers. When 58 is divided by 4, you have 14.5. The 14 is the number of hands, and the .5 means another half of a hand, or another 2 inches. This means she is 14 and one-half hands tall. Correctly Writing And Speaking The Results The correct way of writing "14 and one-half hands" is to write "14.2". It is not correct to write it as "14.5". When correctly written, the number before the period is the number of hands, and the number after the period is the remaining number of inches. The number after the period should NOT stand for a fraction. Horseman usually say a measurement like this one out loud as "fourteen two" or "fourteen and a half." A Few Examples Below are a few examples of how to correctly write down a horse's height. Remember, the number in front of the period is for hands and the number after the period is the remaining inches. 15 - This is a correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands tall 15.0 - Another correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands tall 15.1 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 1 inch tall 15.2 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 2 inches tall 15.3 - This is the correct way of writing that a horse is 15 hands, 3 inches tall 15.4 - Wrong! This means that a horse is 15 hands, 4 inches tall. Since a hand is equal to four inches, this horse is actually 16 hands tall. 15.5 - Wrong again! Some people incorrectly use the number after the period to stand for fractions of a hand, but it should stand for inches. So, some people write "15.5" to mean 15 and a half hands, but this should correctly be written as "15.2". If you like, you can add "hh" to a measurement, as in "15.1hh". The "hh" stands for "hands high." Horse Measuring Devices There are measuring devices on the market for horses that have hand and inches measurements marked on them. Some devices are rigid poles with short cross bars toward the top that can be raised or lowered to rest on a horse's withers. These are very handy and give accurate measurements easily. Another common device is a horse height/weight tape , which is a special tape measure with hands and inches marked on it. These are inexpensive and are accurate if the person doing the measuring makes sure to run the tape straight up and down, and to read the measurement at a level angle. Where Did "Hands" Come From? As stated above, a horse's height is measured in hands. The origin of measuring a horse this way is very old, but easy to understand. In days long ago people did not have the common measuring devices (like tape measures, etc.) that we do today. To measure a horse, they used what was handy (no pun intended): Their hands. At various times in history and in different locales a "hand" was defined as the with of a person's hand using the fingers only, the width of a person's hand using the fingers and the thumb, the height of a clenched fist, and possibly others. Somewhere along the way, the measuring unit of a hand was standardized to mean four inches. Though the origins are ancient, a hand is still the unit of measurement for horses that modern horse owne	Rules and scoring of a British Eventing Horse Trial Phase 1 - Dressage The dressage phase, which is held first is made up of an exact sequence of movements, each movement marked out of a maximum score of 10. It is ridden in a semi-enclosed grass arena, which is 20 x 40 for a national ODE, larger (20 x 60m) for an international event. In an ODE, the test is marked by a judge situated at the top, in the middle of the ‘short side' (20m), at marker ‘C'. More than one judge marks an international test, and they are situated at varying points of the arena. The judges are looking for balance, rhythm and suppleness and most importantly, obedience of the horse and like to see it working as one with its rider. The reason for the Dressage test is to demonstrate that the horse and rider have the correct training to perform individual movements in a graceful, controlled, relaxed and precise manner and are prepared for the of the exactness of the Show Jumping and rigours of the Cross Country test to follow. Once the rider and horse have completed their Dressage test, the marks are totted up and any errors of course deducted, which is then converted to penalty points. The marks are converted to a percentage of the maximum possible score, multiplied by the coefficient for that test, then subtracted from 100. Summary of British Eventing Dressage Rules: Following the bell the rider is allowed 45 seconds to enter the ring. Failure to do so ends in elimination. If all four feet of the horse exit the arena during the test, this results in elimination. Errors on course: Phase 2* – Show Jumping Show Jumping tests the technical jumping skills of the horse and rider, including suppleness, obedience, fitness and athleticism. In this phase, 8-20 fences (depending on level of event) are set up in an arena, (usually on grass in Britain). Show jumps can be knocked down, unlike cross country fences and penalties are given for any poles that fall. This phase is also timed, with penalties being given for every second over the time set by the course designer. In an international or 3DE, Eventing Show Jumping tests the fitness and stamina of the horse and rider following the previous day's cross-country test. How do you score a Show Jump round? If a horse knocks down or refuses a fence, it is called a ‘fault'. These faults are added up at the end of the round, and any time penalties added to give the pairing a score for that round. Knocking down an obstacle: 4 penalties First Disobedience (refusal, run-out, circle, stepping backwards): 4 penalties Second disobedience: 8 penalties Exceeding the time allowed: 1 penalty per second Jumping an obstacle in the wrong order: Elimination Error of course not rectified: Elimination A show jump is classed as being knocked down if any part of it has had its height lowered. It is possible therefore to knock out a pole below the top rail and receive no penalties. ODE only. At an international or 3DE it is reversed and SJ is the final phase Phase 3 – Cross Country Both horse and rider must be in excellent physical shape to complete the cross country test. The horse and rider will have practiced or ‘schooled' over several different types of cross country fences before competing to develop braveness, experience and trust. In Britain there are six levels of affiliated Eventing which cater for all levels of horse and rider, and they range from 80cm Training classes through to 1.20m Advanced classes: Advanced Combinations jump 18-22 fences (BE80, BE90, BE100), more at the higher levels, all designed and built along an outdoor circuit. The fences are solidly built natural objects (logs, stone walls) as well as various other obstacles such as ditches, drop fences and banks and combinations, which test the accuracy and training of the horse and rider. Leading the way on safety in the sport, Britain pioneered the frangible pin system which is fixed to upright rails, allowing part or all of the jump to drop down if hit with enough force. Horse and rider need to finish the course within a certain time limit, or ‘optim	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,459	To protect it from imitation, which Swiss chocolate bar was granted a patent in 1909?	Industries - Business History of Industries - Business History Books Food - Part 2 610 A.D. - Pretzels originated in Southern France or Northern Italy; young monk prepared unleavened bread for Lent (Christian period of fasting and penitence before Easter) in shape of Christians' praying - arms folded across chests, each hand on opposite shoulder; twisted leftover dough into this shape, used as treat for children to recite their prayers; named twisted bread 'pretiola' (Latin for 'little reward'); form became symbol of good luck, long life, prosperity. June 4, 1070 - Roquefort cheese created in cave near Roquefort, France. July 28, 1586 - Sir Thomas Harriot introduced potatoes to Europe. November 16, 1620 - Sixteen hungry Pilgrims, led by Myles Standish, William Bradford, Stephen Hopkins, Edward Tilley, discovered first corn (maize) in U.S. in Provincetown, MA (named it Corn Hill); food previously harvested by local Indian tribe; provided much needed supply of food which saw Pilgrims through first Winter in New World. 1630 - Mogi family started making soy sauce in Japan; 1861 - Mogi-Takanashi families established Kikkoman; August 13, 1957 - Noda Shoyu Co., Ltd. registered in U.S. "Kikkoman" trademark first used 1885 ("Kikko" - "Hexagon," and "Man" - equivalent of English term "Ten Thousand"; all-purpose sauce and seasoning-namely, soy in liquid firm and Worcestershire sauce). February 22, 1630 - Quadequine, brother of Massasoit introduced popcorn to English colonists (corn with smaller kernels than regular corn, "pops" when heated over flame); U.S. grows nearly all of world's popcorn. April 10, 1633 - Thomas Johnson, of Snow Hill, London, displayed bananas in shop window, first time on sale in Britain; 1884 - Elder Dempster and Co. regularly imported bananas from Canary Islands into Britain. November 25, 1715 - Sybilla Masters first American to be granted English patent, for processing June 10, 1720 - Mrs. Clements, of Durham, England marketed first paste-style mustard (biting-hot mustard powder); found way to mill heart of seed to fine flour; became standard method of processing seed for use as spice, in cooking, prepared mustards. 1728 - Walter Churchman started apothecary business in Bristol, England; 1729 - granted Letters Patent by George II for a chocolate making process; 1761 - Quaker, Doctor Joseph Fry, purchased patent and recipes from Charles Churchman (son); 1787 - business passed to wife and son, Joseph Storrs Fry; named J.S. Fry & Sons, oldest chocolate firm in Britain; 1847 - Fry's chocolates factory molded first "chocolate bar". April 14, 1757 - Benjamin Jackson, chocolate and flour of mustard maker, advertised mustard for sale for first time in America in Philadelphia Gazette. March 8, 1765 - John Hannon, financed by James Baker, began producing one of first North American-made chocolate products, using water power, in Dorchester, MA; May 16, 1771 - Baker prepared to go into chocolate business on his own, bought what is believed to be his first order of cocoa beans; July 2, 1772 - made first recorded sale of chocolate; 1779 - Hannon lost at sea on cacao bean buying trip to West Indies; 1780 - Baker bought out John Hannon's widow, took over full ownership of business, produced first known chocolate branded as "Baker's"; 1791 - Edmund Baker (son, 21) entered into partnership; 1806 - built first Baker family mill for chocolate, grist, cloth; 1818 - Walter Baker (grandson) became partner; 1824 - took over; 1852 - employee Sam German created Baker's German Sweet Chocolate; 1854 - Walter Baker estate trustees appointed Henry Pierce (nephew) to run company; 1883 - adopted La Belle Chocolatiere (by Swiss artist Jean-Etienne Liotard) as Baker's official company trademark; 1884 - Pierce obtained full ownership of Walter Baker & Company from Baker estate trustees; 189	General Knowledge #5 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. General Knowledge #5 What does the legal term �caveat emptor� mean? Let the buyer beware Which Russian author wrote the novel A Month in the Country? Ivan Turgenev What do the initials UNICEF stand for? United Nations International Children�s Emergency Fund. Who was the last king of Rome? Tarquin the Proud. Which opera was composed by Verdi for the opening of the Suez Canal? Aida Which important religious building contains the Kaaba? Great Mosque at Mecca Which French dramatist wrote Tartuffe and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme? Moli�re By what name was William Joyce known in World War II? Lord Haw-Haw A covey is the group name for what type of bird? Partridge Which English poet lived with his sister at Dove Cottage, Grasmere in the English Lake District? Wordsworth What is the medical name for short-sightedness? Myopia What name is given to the magical beliefs and practices associated particularly with Haiti? Voodoo Which fortified palace on a rocky hill in Granada is an outstanding example of Moorish architecture? Alhambra Which female aviator established records with solo flights to Australia, Tokyo and the Cape of Good Hope in the 1930s? Amy Johnson, In which year did Hillary and Tenzing become the first mountaineers to reach the summit of Mount Everest? 1953 What is the English name for the movement in French cinema called �nouvelle vague�? New Wave Who was the first president of the French Fifth Republic? Charles De Gaulle From which country did Iceland win total independence in June 1944? Denmark Which North American aquatic rodent is also known as a musquash? Muskrat What was the name of the raft used by Thor Heyerdahl on his 1947 expedition? Kon-tiki, Who sailed around the world in the yacht Gipsy Moth IV? Sir Francis Chichester In which Middle Eastern country is the Roman city of Jerash? Jordan On which mountain in Ireland (also known as The Reek) did St Patrick fast for 40 days and nights in 441AD? Croagh Patrick On which island is the poet Rupert Brooke buried? Skyros In which US state is the Spurr Volcano? Alaska Who was the first British-born astronaut to walk in space? Dr Michael Foale Which is the world�s second largest desert? Australian Desert, Which flower has the Latin name Bellis perennis? Common daisy, The Ligurian Sea is an arm of which body of water? Mediterranean Sea Mossad is the secret service of which country? Israel In Greek mythology, who was the giant watchman with one hundred eyes? Argos Orly airport serves which city? Paris What �R� is the active form of vitamin A found in margarines, oily fish and dairy fats? Retinol Which South African surgeon performed the world�s first successful heart transplant? Dr Christiaan Barnard. In which 1981 film do Jeremy Irons and Meryl Streep say farewell? The French Lieutenant�s Woman, Named after a town in north-east India, which high quality tea with a delicate taste is known as the �Champagne of teas�? Squid What is the name of the dish, originating from North Africa, that consists of steamed semolina? Couscous Which great circle may be terrestrial or celestial? The Equator, What meat-derived foodstuff did Kenneth Daigneau famously give a name to in 1937 Spam What name is given to members of the United Society of Believers in Christ�s Second Appearing? The Shakers Which Roman historian wrote a history of Rome in 142 volumes? Livy, Lake Taupo is the largest lake in which country? New Zealand Of which republic in the Caribbean is Port au Prince the capital? Haiti, Who succeeded James A Garfield as US president in 1881? Chester A Arthur, In which year was Pompeii destroyed by Vesuvius? 79AD Which studio album by Queen first featured the song We Will Rock You? News of the World, Which is the second largest mountain system in North America? Appalachians, Which is the only seal that feeds on penguins? Leopard seal Which creature of Australia and New Guinea is also called a spiny anteater? Echidna Guernsey, Jersey and Sark are pa	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,460	Which element has atomic number 8?	Atomic Number 8 Element Facts Atomic Number 8 Element Facts Atomic Number 8 Element Facts What Element is Atomic Number 8? Oxygen is atomic number 8 on the periodic table. Each oxygen atom has 8 protons. ROGER HARRIS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Updated April 03, 2016. Oxygen, element symbol O, is the element that is atomic number 8 on the periodic table. This means every atom of oxygen has 8 protons. Varying the number of electrons forms ions, while altering the number of neutrons makes different isotopes of the element, but the number of protons remains constant. Here is a collection of interesting facts about atomic number 8. Atomic Number 8 Element Facts While oxygen is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions, element 8 is actually quite colorful ! Liquid oxygen is blue, while the solid element may be blue, pink, orange, red, black, or even metallic. Oxygen is a nonmetal belonging to the chalcogen group . It is highly reactive and readily forms compounds with other elements. It is found as a pure element in nature as oxygen gas (O2) and ozone (O3). Excited oxygen atoms produce the green and red colors of the aurora . Although air consists mainly of nitrogen, atomic number 8 is responsible for most of the colors that we see. continue reading below our video Learn About Molecules and Moles Today, oxygen makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere . However, air was not always so highly oxygenated! A 2007 NASA-funded study determined oxygen has been present in air for about 2.3 billion to 2.4 billion years, with levels starting to rise 2.5 billion years ago. Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, are responsible for maintaining the high oxygen levels necessary for life. Although hydrogen atoms are the most numerous type of atom in the human body , oxygen accounts for about two-thirds of the mass of most living organisms, mainly because cells contain a lot of water. 88.9% of the weight of water comes from oxygen. Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, and British scientists and clergyman Joseph Priestly researched and discovered oxygen between 1770 and 1780. Lavoisier first called element number 8 by the name "oxygen" in 1777. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe . The element is made by stars around 5x more massive than the Sun when they reach the point where they burn carbon or a combination of helium in carbon in fusion reactions. Over time, the abundance of oxygen in the universe will increase. Until 1961, atomic number 8 was the standard for the atomic weight of the chemical elements. In 1961, the standard was switched over to carbon-12. It's a common misconception that hyperventilation is caused by breathing in too much oxygen. Actually, hyperventilating is caused by exhaling too much carbon dioxide. Although carbon dioxide can be toxic at high levels, its needed in the blood to prevent it from becoming too alkaline. Breathing too quickly causes blood pH to rise, which constricts blood vessels in the brain, leading to headache, slurred speach, dizziness, and other symptoms. Essential Element 8 Information State of Matter at Room Temperature: Gas Atomic Weight: 15.9994 Density: 0.001429 grams per cubic centimeter Isotopes: At least 11 isotopes of oxygen exist. 3 are stable. Most Common Isotope: Oxygen-16 (accounts for 99.757% of the natural abundance) Melting Point: -218.79 °C	Nexus Research Group - How the elements were named Named after Strontian, a small village in the Western Highlands of Scotland. 2. Elements named after Heavenly Bodies Helium He From the Greek word "Helios" - the Sun. In 1868 during an eclipse of the Sun, Scientists observed a spectral line caused by an unknown element. They named the element Helium. Twenty seven years later in 1895, the element was discovered on Earth. Neptunium Np Named after the planet Neptune. Find the position of the three planets Neptune, Pluto and Uranus in the Solar system. Now find the position in the Periodic Table of the three elements named after these planets... Plutonium Named after the planet Pluto Uranium U Named after the planet Uranus. The element was discovered in 1789, shortly after the discovery of the planet. 3. Elements named from Mythology Tantalum Ta Named after the Greek mythological king, Tantalus. It was discovered in 1802 and great difficulties were encountered in dissolving its oxide in acid to form salts. It proved to be a tantalising problem! Niobium Nb Named after Princess Niobe, the daughter of King Tantalus. According to legend, father and daughter were always found together and were very much alike. The two elements Niobium and Tantalum are usually found together in nature and their properties are very similar. Niobium was discovered in North America in 1801 and was originally named Columbium. It was renamed in 1844 after the connections with tantalum was realised. Find the positions of both elements in the periodic table Thorium Th Named after Thor, the Scandinavian God of War and Thunder. It was discovered and named in 1828. Coincidentally, thorium is used today as a nuclear fuel in nuclear weapons and reactors. Titanium Ti Named after Titans, the Greek supermen. Titanium is an extremely strong metal which resists attack by acids. Vanadium Named after Vandis, the Scandinavian Goddess of Beauty. The salts of vanadium have beautiful colours. 4. Names that describe their Properties Argon Ar From the Greek word "argos" which means idle or lazy. Argon is one of the laziest, least reactive elements of all. Bromine From the Greek word "chloros" which means green. Chlorine is a green gas. Cobalt Co From the German word "kobold" which means goblin or evil spirit. Miners working in the cobalt mines sometimes died unexpectedly. For this reason the miners thought that the mines contained evil spirits. The real reason for these unexpected deaths was that cobalt ores usually contained highly poisonous arsenic. Dust from the ore probably got on their food or was breathed in, causing sudden deaths. Hydrogen H From the Greek words "hydro" a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,461	For which English county cricket team did Australian Shane Warne play between 2000 and 2007?	Shane Warne — 40 less widely known facts - Cricket Country Shane Warne — 40 less widely known facts An eternal child of outrageous capers, often beyond justification, but always curiously lovable. \| Updated : September 13, 2016 11:05 AM IST Shane Warne was one of the most colourful characters ever to play the game © Getty Images Shane Warne, born September 13, 1969, resurrected the art of leg-spin bowling, adding substance, style and glamour to the most intriguing of cricketing crafts, writing a new chapter big enough to merit a dedicated volume. Arunabha Sengupta lists 40 facts about the legend which may not be very widely known. The memories will continue to linger. Of that peerless leg-spinner walking up to bowl, running those last three steps and sending the ball fizzing through the air, in various tantalising loops. The ball landing outside the leg stump and suddenly changing direction, tracing a path of flagrant treachery. And then there will be the memories of the man behind the turn and bounce and appeal, an eternal child of outrageous capers, often beyond justification and redemption, but always curiously lovable. The most colourful character of cricket. To append the lasting recollections, here is a list of seldom recounted facts about the legend. 1. Shane Warne’s father Jason picked up cricket after 40, to play alongside his sons at East Sandringham Boys Cricket Club. 2. Instructed in the leg-break at East Sandringham as a kid, Warne could hardly land the ball on the pitch. He preferred to bat in those days. 3. The first one-day game Warne ever attended was one of Kerry Packer’s World Series Cup matches at VFL Park. The first Test was the 1982 Melbourne affair which Australia lost to England by three runs. 4. During the 1980s, after the Australians lost three out of four Ashes series and four out of five of the Frank Worrell Trophies, the Australian Cricket Board appended a cricket wing to the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) program in 1987. In 1990, a twenty-year old Warne was taken in as one of the ‘scholars’ — according to Gideon Haigh, the only time such a term was tagged to this leg-spinner. 5. It was at the Institute that Damien Martyn and Justin Langer came across Warne for the first time. He was an overweight youth sitting by himself, tucking into a family-sized pizza and guzzling down a can of Victoria Bitter. 6. His misdemeanours at the Academy have become part of his folklore, an essential segment of the entire Shane Warne soap opera. His attitude remained casual. He often came close to being sent home, although he never was. 7. At the Academy, Jack Potter, one of the managers of the cricket programme, taught him the fiendishly difficult skill of the flipper. 8. In the 1970s Terry Jenner had played nine Test matches, turning a few deliveries but not enough heads. He had drifted in life, changing plenty of jobs along his way. He was suspended from a job for fraud and after a second offence was sent on a long prison term. At the time he met Warne, he had recently left prison after serving eighteen months for embezzlement. Warne himself was on his final warning at the academy, after swearing at the instructor during a sand-hill run. Warne and Jenner gelled, and soon the young spinner was chosen to tour Zimbabwe with Australia B and then made his Test debut against India at the Sydney Cricket Ground after just seven First-Class games. 9. When he played his first Test match, against India at Sydney, Warne weighed 97 kilos 10. At Colombo, with Sri lanka at 150 for 7, captain Border tossed the ball to his young leg-spinner. At that juncture Wane had a Test bowling record of 1 wicket for 346 runs from 93 overs. And he quickly finished the innings bagging the three remaining wickets. Australia won by 16 runs. They were not great scalps. None of the batsmen he dismissed that day ended his Test career with an average more than 6. However, this faith or hunch or simply a decision that could easily have gone horribly wrong — whatever it was for Border —gave Warne the foothold fro	Fixtures For The 2009 County Cricket Championship Season \| Bleacher Report Fixtures For The 2009 County Cricket Championship Season Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse more stories 552 1 Comment The fixtures for the start of the 2009 County Cricket season have recently been announced and county sides have begun their prepartions ahead of what most hope will be a successful season. Aside from the traditional university matches, the first fixtures are LV County Championship games and see both newly promoted sides, Warwickshire, who didn't lose a single four day game in the 2008 season, and Worcestershire away to Somerset and Hampshire respectively. Holders Durham begin the defence of their crown on April 22 at home to Yorkshire. In Division Two, Surrey who come down from Division One after failing to win any four day game last season host Gloucestershire and Essex, who were relegated on a dramatic final day of last season, face Derbyshire while Leicestershire are at home to Northamptonshire. April 19 sees the first round of the Friends Provident Trophy get under way, this year there are four groups with five teams who play each other home and away with the top two going through to the knockout quarter-final stage. The tournament starts with the holders Essex vs. Northamptonshire, Gloucestershire vs. Sussex, Warwickshire vs. Somerset, Nottinghamshire vs. Leicestershire, Hampshire vs. Worcestershire, Durham vs. Yorkshire and Lancashire vs. Glamorgan. Twenty20 fever hits again on May 25 when the first round of matches are played with holders Middlesex Crusaders hoping to be there on finals day August 15. The final year of the Natwest Pro40 provides an extra incentive as the winner gets to keep the trophy. Sussex will be hoping they can defend their Division One title and begin against newly promoted Essex on July 13 while Yorkshire, the other promoted side, face Worcestershire away on July 15. Relegated Middlesex start on July 14 away to Warwickshire and the other relegated side, Lancashire, have to wait until July 18 when they host Derbyshire. With the fixtures sorted, all the counties have to sort out now is the team they will be fielding and their have been plenty of ins and outs at all counties already as they hope to shape the squad they need to add a trophy to the cabinet.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,462	What is caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on Earth?	What Causes the Tides? What Causes the Tides? By Lauren Cox, Live Science Contributor \| August 5, 2010 08:56am ET MORE Tides may seem simple on the surface, but the ins and outs of tides confounded great scientific thinkers for centuries they even led Galileo astray into a bunk theory. Today people know that the gravitational pulls between the earth, moon and sun dictate the tides. The moon, however, influences tides the most. The moon's gravitational pull on the earth is strong enough to tug the oceans into bulge. If no other forces were at play, shores would experience one high tide a day as the earth rotated on its axis and coasts ran into the oceans' bulge facing the moon . However, inertia -- the tendency of a moving object to keep moving -- affects the earth's oceans too. As the moon circles the earth, the earth moves in a very slight circle too, and this movement is enough to cause a centrifugal force on the oceans. (It's centrifugal force that holds water in a bucket when you swing the bucket in an overhead arc.) This inertia, or centrifugal force, causes the oceans to bulge on the opposite side facing the moon. While the moon's gravitational pull is strong enough to attract oceans into a bulge on the side of the earth facing the moon, it is not strong enough to overcome the inertia on the opposite side of the earth. As a result, the world's oceans bulge twice once when they are on the side of Earth closest to the moon , and once when they are on the side farthest from the moon, according to the Wood's Hole Oceanographic Institution in Wood's Hole, Mass. Geography complicates the tides, but many places on Earth experience just two high and two low tides every 24 hours and 50 minutes. (The extra 50 minutes is caused by the distance the moon moves each day as it orbits Earth). The sun and the tides "Solar tides" are caused by the sun's gravitational pull and are weaker than lunar tides. The sun is 27 million times more massive than the moon, but it is also 390 times farther away. As a result, the sun has 46 percent of the tide-generating forces (TGFs) that the moon has, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Solar tides are therefore often considered just variations on lunar tides. Local geography can vary tide strength as well. Just north of the coast of Maine in Canada, the Bay of Fundy has a unique funnel shape at just the right position to creates the largest tides in the world. Water in the bay can rise more than 49 feet (15 meters) or about as high as a 4-story house. FORCE, the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy, estimates the Bay of Fundy pushes110 billion tons (100 billion metric tons) of water with every tide. Recently, local leaders have moved to take advantage of the tides. In July, Maine's Governor John Baldacci and Nova Scotia's Premier Darrell Dexter signed a Memorandum of Understanding to share research and ideas in tidal and offshore wind sources of renewable energy, according to Business Weekly. Understanding tides: then and now When Galileo Galilei attempted to explain tides in 1595, he left the moon out of this theory and focused on the inertia of the oceans and his correct idea that the earth orbited the sun, according to a NOVA documentary. It wasn't until 1687, that Sir Isaac Newton explained that ocean tides result from the gravitational attraction, according to NOAA.	Why the Moon Waxes and Wanes Why the Moon Waxes and Wanes On a clear night the moon can often be seen in the sky in different attitudes. It seems to cycle through a series of shapes, from full sphere, to a hemisphere, to a crescent, to nothing at all. These strange attitudes can be explained by the fact that the moon does not have its own source of light. What is seen of the moon from Earth is only by the reflected light of the Sun. (Hover over a phase of the moon to see what it looks like from space.) As the moon travels around the Earth, it shows a different aspect relative to the sun to the terrestrial observer. During a new moon the moon is closer to the sun than the Earth, so people on Earth can only see the shaded side of it. At a full moon, the moon has travelled around the Earth so that the Earth is closer to the sun. Now earthly observers can see the side of the moon that is fully exposed to the sun. It takes the moon approximately 28 days to make its circuit around the Earth. Thus, the moon seems to wax (or get more full) for 14 days, and appears to wane (or get less full) for the subsequent 14 days. About every three or four days there is a recognized phase. The new moon is the recognized beginning of the cycle. From Earth only the shaded side can be seen. After four days the waxing crescent moon is much in evidence. The moon is moving around the Earth in a counter-clockwise direction. Thus, it is the right side of the moon which can be seen in quarter. At seven days into the cycle (about a week ) the half moon can be seen. This is said to be the first quarter (not a quarter moon, but a quarter of the cycle). At the ten day mark we see the waxing gibbous moon. Pronounced "jibbus", this moon is kind of the reverse of the crescent moon, only a sliver is left unseen. At two week into the cycle the moon is full. From the Earth only the sunny side of the moon can be seen. At day 18 the waning gibbous moon shows itself. The counter-clockwise (from above) orbit of the moon continues. Now Earthlings will see less and less of the moon each day until the new moon. Twenty-one days into the cycle the half moon appears in the sky. It is the last quarter of the cycle. Three weeks have passed. The 25th day marks the waning crescent moon. The cycle completes, and begins again as the moon slips back into the new moon. Because the moon only spins once in every 28 days, only one side of its surface is revealed to the Earth. Meanwhile, this monthly rotation means that one day on the moon takes about a month . Thus, the moon appears to wax and wane because the terrestrial viewpoint of the moon changes relative to the moon's source of light.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,463	"What does the Russian word ""Sputnik"" mean?"	Sputnik - definition of sputnik by The Free Dictionary Sputnik - definition of sputnik by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/sputnik Related to sputnik: Yuri Gagarin Sput·nik (spo͝ot′nĭk, spŭt′-, spo͞ot′nyĭk) n. Any of a series of Soviet satellites sent into Earth orbit, especially the first, launched October 4, 1957. [Russian sputnik (zemli), fellow traveler (of Earth) : so-, s-, together; see ksun in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + put', path, way; see pent- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots + -nik, n. suff.] Sputnik (ˈspʊtnɪk; ˈspʌt-) n (Astronautics) any of a series of unmanned Soviet satellites, Sputnik 1 (launched in 1957) being the first man-made satellite to orbit the earth [C20: from Russian, literally: fellow traveller, from s- with + put path + -nik suffix indicating agent] sput•nik	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,464	Which British jounalist was shot outside her home in Fulham 1999?	BBC News \| UK \| BBC presenter shot dead Monday, April 26, 1999 Published at 14:55 GMT 15:55 UK UK BBC presenter shot dead Jill Dando presented Crimewatch and Holiday BBC television presenter Jill Dando has died after she was shot in the head on the doorstep of her home. Ms Dando, 37, who presented Crimewatch UK and Holiday, suffered a fatal brain injury in the attack in Fulham, west London. She was taken to nearby Charing Cross Hospital, where she was confirmed dead on arrival at 1303 BST (1203 GMT). Her post mortem examination later revealed that she had received a single gunshot wound to the head. Police are combing the street for clues A Scotland Yard statement said: "A post mortem held today at Fulham mortuary established the cause of death as a brain injury caused by a single gunshot wound to the head." There had been early reports that she suffered multiple stab wounds, but one neighbour in Gowan Avenue said he had heard a gunshot. The BBC's Kate Adie: "The kind of woman who had no enemies" The Queen said she was "shocked and saddened" by the news of the death of Ms Dando, who helped the Duke of York to promote the Fight for Sight charity. Prime Minister Tony Blair also spoke of his shock at the death. Ms Dando's fianc�, gynaecologist Alan Farthing, said: ''I am totally devastated and unable to comprehend what has happened. Jill was respected for her professional ability, admired by all who met her and adored by anyone who got to know her.'' Police, who have launched a murder inquiry, later cordoned off the footpath next to the River Thames from Putney Bridge. There were unconfirmed reports that a man jumped off the bridge, or was stopped as he tried to jump. The BBC's Nick Higham: "An enormous tragedy" Detectives want to speak to a man seen running from the murder scene. He was described as white, tall, in his late 30s or early 40s, with dark hair, clean-shaven and wearing a green Barbour jacket. Richard Hughes: She was covered in blood Neighbours called the emergency services after they saw her collapsed and seriously injured in the doorway of the house in Gowan Avenue at 1147 BST. Richard Hughes, 32, who lives next door to Miss Dando, said: "I heard her scream, it was a distinctive scream, she sounded quite surprised. Jill Dando's neighbour Richard Hughes: "I heard a scream" "I opened the shutters and saw a man, he was well dressed, he was wearing a Barbour-style jacket and at first I thought it must have been a friend of Jill's as he looked very respectable. "I went to the door and saw her lying on the doorstep, she was unconscious and covered in blood. I was obviously shocked. I took a look at her and she wasn't breathing." Nick Ross: "She was everything one could want in a colleague and friend" Police are appealing for anyone with information to ring 0181 246 0730 or 0181 246 0734. Jill Dando was hugely popular among BBC viewers, her bright presenting style proving a hit in a variety of programmes. BBC News Online received more than 2,000 tributes from users within three hours of posting a page on the Internet. Her co-presenter on Crimewatch UK, Nick Ross, said: "The shock is palpable. I can't believe we are talking about her in the past tense." Safety concern Ms Dando and Nick Ross presented last week's show, which featured unsolved crimes including the Brixton nail bomb blast. Scotland Yard said there was no evidence that linked the murder with the programme. The BBC's Lindsey Marnoch: "Her personality seemingly perfectly matched for the sunny and upbeat features she presented" But the presenter told police earlier this year at a reception to mark the 10th anniversary of Crimewatch UK that she was concerned about her safety. Last year there were reports that Ms Dando had been stalked by a fan, who had subjected her to frightening phone calls and letters. Tony Hall, chief executive of BBC News, said: "I think we have to think carefully about people in the public eye and what protection if any they should have." BBC Director General Sir John Birt said: "Everyone at the BBC is devastated. She was a much-loved	Janet Brown Janet Brown Janet Brown Actor Janet McLuckie Brown (14 December 1923 – 27 May 2011) was a Scottish actress, comedian, and impressionist who gained considerable fame in the 1970s and 1980s for her impersonations of Margaret Thatcher. Brown was born in Rutherglen and educated at Rutherglen Academy. Early in her career, she presented Picture Book on BBC Television in the 1950s. Beginning with Margaret Thatcher's election as the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975, Brown gained increasing prominence because of her realistic impression of the Tory politician. She performed as Thatcher on BBC TV's Mike Yarwood Show, on BBC Radio's The News Huddlines, and on film in the 1981 James Bond film, For Your Eyes Only. In 1979, Brown starred as Thatcher on the comedy album Iron Lady: The Coming Of The Leader, written by Private Eye satirist John Wells and produced by Secret Policeman's Ball series co-creator/producer Martin Lewis and Not the Nine O'Clock News series co-creator/producer John Lloyd. The largely spoken 'song' 'Iron Lady' was released as a single and she promoted it on Top Of The Tops as a new release but it did not chart. During the 1970s and 1980s, she was occasionally confused by some with fellow actress and comedian Faith Brown because they had the same surname and were both best remembered for their Margaret Thatcher impersonations. In 1990, she recorded a spoken word sequence in her Margaret Thatcher voice for Mike Oldfield's album Amarok. Still acting in her 80s, her last role was as Old Lady Squeamish on the London West End stage in a production of Wycherley's The Country Wife at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, which opened in September 2007. She entitled her 1986 autobiography Prime Mimicker. Brown was married to Carry On actor Peter Butterworth from 1947 until his death in 1979. They had two children, a son, actor Tyler Butterworth, and a daughter Emma, who died in 1996, aged 34. Brown never remarried, spending the rest of her life in Hove, East Sussex, until her death following a brief illness in a nursing home in May 2011, aged 87. She is buried alongside her husband Peter Butterworth in Danehill Cemetery, in East Sussex.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,465	What word can refer either to trash or a type of Chinese ship?	Junk \| Define Junk at Dictionary.com C17: from Portuguese junco, from Javanese jon; related to Dutch jonk Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for junk Expand n. "worthless stuff," mid-14c., junke "old cable or rope" (nautical), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old French junc "rush, reed," also used figuratively as a type of something of little value, from Latin iuncus "rush, reed" (but OED finds "no evidence of connexion"). Nautical use extended to "old refuse from boats and ships" (1842), then to "old or discarded articles of any kind" (1884). Junk food is from 1971; junk art is from 1966; junk mail first attested 1954. "Chinese sailing ship," 1610s, from Portuguese junco, from Malay jong "ship, large boat" (13c.), probably from Javanese djong. v. 1803, "to cut off in lumps," from junk (n.1). The meaning "to throw away as trash, to scrap" is from 1908. Related: Junked; junking. New settlers (who should always be here as early in the spring as possible) begin to cut down the wood where they intend to erect their first house. As the trees are cut the branches are to be lopped off, and the trunks cut into lengths of 12 or 14 feet. This operation they call junking them; if they are not junked before fire is applied, they are much worse to junk afterwards. [letter dated Charlotte Town, Nov. 29, 1820, in "A Series of Letters Descriptive of Prince Edward Island," 1822] Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Slang definitions & phrases for junk Expand	Appendix:Glossary of U.S. Navy slang - Wiktionary Appendix:Glossary of U.S. Navy slang Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikipedia The following are some examples of the slang of the United States Navy , you will also see references to the United States Marine Corps as well because of their use of naval terminology sometimes also referred to as NAVSpeak. Note that in the Navy, many ships and units have nicknames; these are listed separately, in Appendix:Glossary of U.S. Navy slang/Unit nicknames . 0-9[ edit ] 0-dark-hundred , 0'dark-hundred (pronounced "oh dark hundred", because the "zero" in time expressions was verbally pronounced "oh" in the US Navy and US Army as late as the 1980s: Midnight, 12AM. "We have to get up at 0-dark-hundred." 0-dark-thirty , 0'dark-thirty: One half-hour after 0'dark-hundred, 12:30AM. 13 button salute: When a sailor in dress pants pulls down on the top two corners and all 13 buttons come unbuttoned at once, usually done just before sex. 1D10T: A mythical substance that new Sailors are sent in search of as a joke. Pronounced as "one dee ten tee" or "idiot". 1MC: The General Announcing system on a ship. 1st Division: The division, in most aviation and afloat commands, which is responsible for the material condition and cleanliness of the ship. On ships equipped with small boats, the First Lieutenant or "First" (First Division Officer or Deck Department Head) is in charge of these boats and the sailors who maintain and run them. On small boats, the "First" is in charge of boatswain mates and deck seaman. On larger ships, the "First" may be in charge of air crew. Work for 1st division varies among ships depending on size. Small ships only have one division, while larger ships like carriers or amphibs can have 5 or more. 2JV: Engineering sound-powered circuit. 2MC: Engineering loudspeaker circuit. 21MC: Ships command intercom circuit, mainly used between the bridge, combat, and flight decks. Also known as the Bitch Box. 2-10-2: A female, perceived to be unattractive otherwise, out at sea on a ship which has many more males than females and who is consequently paid more attention than she would be paid on land. "She was a 2 before going to sea, a 10 out at sea, and back to a 2 when she returned." 2-6-10: Abbreviation of "It's gonna take 2 surgeons 6 hours to remove 10 inches of my boot from your ass." Used to motivate someone who is not pulling their weight. 43P-1: Work center Maintenance manual; prior to OPNAV numbering the current guidance 4790/4(series) it was 43P. The series of books; 43P-1, 43P-2, 43P-3 & 43P-4 were separate books covering all aspects of maintenance. The 43P-2, 43P-3 & 43P-4 books were replaced in the mid 1980's with one book. the new book was a three ring binder, blue in color and had "3-M" all across the front & side. The 43P-1 book containing MIPs stayed in the work center and was a deep red color with 43P-1 across the cover. Officially no longer named the 43P-1, the fleet continues to name and refer to their work center maintenance manual as the 43P-1. 4JG: Communications circuit used by V4 Fuels Division to coordinate flight deck fueling operations between the flight deck and below decks pump and filter rooms. Also used to pass information between a flight deck fuel station and flight deck control as to status of fueling operations for individual aircraft. Found on aircraft carriers and similar vessels. 4MC: Emergency communications circuit that overrides sound powered phone communications to alert controlling stations to a casualty. 5MC: A circuit similar to the 1MC, except that it is only heard on the flight deck of an air-capable ship and in engineering spaces. It is EXTREMELY loud to overcome the jet noise on the flight deck. Do not stand near one of the speakers without hearing protection. 8 (or) 6 boat. Preferred term by Amphib sailors for LCM-8 or LCM-6 boats, as opposed to "Mike" boat. 90 Day Wonder, 90 Day Miracle: OCS graduate (as opposed to a graduate of four-year Naval Academy or ROTC training). 96er: A period of five nights and four days off of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,466	What was discovered at Rum Jungle in Australia in 1952	Rum Jungle - Australian Map of Nuclear and Uranium Sites Australian Map of Nuclear and Uranium Sites Fossil Fuels Rum Jungle Rum Jungle is about 64 kilometres south of Darwin in the Northern Territory, among the headwaters of the East Finniss River. The Rum Jungle mining project operated from 1954 to 1971. Processing of uranium and copper continued from stockpiles until April 1971 although uranium ore had last been extracted in 1963. A total of 863,000 tonnes of uranium ore were processed, the average grade was 0.28-0.41%, and 3,520 tonnes of U3O8 were produced from various Rum Jungle deposits − White’s (U-Cu-Pb), Dyson’s (U), Rum Jungle Creek South (U), and Mt Burton (U-Cu). HISTORY Uranium and copper mineralisation was discovered in the Rum Jungle area in 1869 by Goyder’s survey party, but it was not recognised as such until 1949. In April 1948 an announcement in the Commonwealth Gazette stated that rewards would be paid for the discovery of uranium in Australia and its territories. The maximum amount of the reward was fixed at £25,000. Time Magazine reported on 15 September 1952: From Darwin to Melbourne, the word had got around that Australia’s vast, tropical Northern Territory was bursting with uranium. Hundreds of adventurous young men from Australia’s overcrowded southern cities, plus many an old gold fossicker from West Australia, were making their way up through the desert by jeeps, horse-drawn wagons, on horseback, even in airplanes. In Darwin, Geiger counters were sold out as fast as they came into the store. One newspaper advertised counters: “Find Uranium and Make Your Fortune.” The excitement had begun at Rum Jungle, 60 miles south of Darwin, where a prospector named Jack White uncovered a three-mile-long lode of uranium-bearing ore in 1949. In March 1952, representatives of the United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) and of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) visited Australia to discuss, among other things, the development of the Rum Jungle uranium field. This led to the provision of funds to develop the Rum Jungle project by the Combined Development Agency and the signing of an exclusive supply contract between the Commonwealth and the CDA. The uranium produced between the commencement of production in 1954 and January 1963 was used to fill the supply contract with the CDA for use in nuclear weapons. The Commonwealth entered into a contract with the Consolidated Zinc Group in August 1952 to develop and operate the Rum Jungle project. In the same year Consolidated Zinc formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Territory Enterprises Pty Ltd (TEP) to manage all aspects of the operation including exploration, mining and milling. (In 1962, Consolidated Zinc merged with the Rio Tinto Mining Company of Australia Ltd to form Conzinc Riotinto of Australia Ltd or CRA.) The town of Batchelor was redeveloped to service the mine. Batchelor became a booming township with a power station, acres of suburban homes, a hotel, a community centre, and a population of 500. Many workers lived in seriously sub-standard conditions. In 1956, a Melbourne newspaper ran a front-page story describing the conditions at the “Rum Jungle Hell Hole”. Security at the mine site was tokenistic. In addition to supplying the CDA, some uranium was put on the open market, and some uranium was stored at Lucas Heights in southern Sydney. About 2,000 tonnes of yellowcake was stockpiled by the time the mine closed in 1971. In 1994, 239 tonnes of Rum Jungle uranium oxide were sold to a US utility, leaving 1814 tonnes still stockpiled. The remainder was sold in subsequent years. Uranium ore from other deposits − including the Eva deposit near the Queensland border, and Adelaide River − was processed at Rum Jungle. ENVIRONMENTAL MISMANAGEMENT From the start of processing operations in 1954, the discharge of tailings was unconstrained and the solids settled out, while the acidic supernatant liquors drained into ‘Old Tailings Creek’ and thence to the East Branch of the Finniss River, 0.8 km to the west. Barren liquors from copper launders	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA 1953 Photo: Model of DNA molecule In the late nineteenth century, a German biochemist found the nucleic acids, long-chain polymers of nucleotides, were made up of sugar, phosphoric acid, and several nitrogen-containing bases. Later it was found that the sugar in nucleic acid can be ribose or deoxyribose, giving two forms: RNA and DNA. In 1943, American Oswald Avery proved that DNA carries genetic information. He even suggested DNA might actually be the gene. Most people at the time thought the gene would be protein, not nucleic acid, but by the late 1940s, DNA was largely accepted as the genetic molecule. Scientists still needed to figure out this molecule's structure to be sure, and to understand how it worked. In 1948, Linus Pauling discovered that many proteins take the shape of an alpha helix, spiraled like a spring coil. In 1950, biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that the arrangement of nitrogen bases in DNA varied widely, but the amount of certain bases always occurred in a one-to-one ratio. These discoveries were an important foundation for the later description of DNA. In the early 1950s, the race to discover DNA was on. At Cambridge University, graduate student Francis Crick and research fellow James Watson (b. 1928) had become interested, impressed especially by Pauling's work. Meanwhile at King's College in London, Maurice Wilkins (b. 1916) and Rosalind Franklin were also studying DNA. The Cambridge team's approach was to make physical models to narrow down the possibilities and eventually create an accurate picture of the molecule. The King's team took an experimental approach, looking particularly at x-ray diffraction images of DNA. In 1951, Watson attended a lecture by Franklin on her work to date. She had found that DNA can exist in two forms, depending on the relative humidity in the surrounding air. This had helped her deduce that the phosphate part of the molecule was on the outside. Watson returned to Cambridge with a rather muddy recollection of the facts Franklin had presented, though clearly critical of her lecture style and personal appearance. Based on this information, Watson and Crick made a failed model. It caused the head of their unit to tell them to stop DNA research. But the subject just kept coming up. Franklin, working mostly alone, found that her x-ray diffractions showed that the "wet" form of DNA (in the higher humidity) had all the characteristics of a helix. She suspected that all DNA was helical but did not want to announce this finding until she had sufficient evidence on the other form as well. Wilkins was frustrated. In January, 1953, he showed Franklin's results to Watson, apparently without her knowledge or consent. Crick later admitted, "I'm afraid we always used to adopt -- let's say, a patronizing attitude towards her." Watson and Crick took a crucial conceptual step, suggesting the molecule was made of two chains of nucleotides, each in a helix as Franklin had found, but one going up and the other going down. Crick had just learned of Chargaff's findings about base pairs in the summer of 1952. He added that to the model, so that matching base pairs interlocked in the middle of the double helix to keep the distance between the chains constant. Watson and Crick showed that each strand of the DNA molecule was a template for the other. During cell division the two strands separate and on each strand a new "other half" is built, just like the one before. This way DNA can reproduce itself without changing its structure -- except for occasional errors, or mutations. The structure so perfectly fit the experimental data that it was almost immediately accepted. DNA's discovery has been called the most important biological work of the last 100 years, and the field it opened may be the scientific frontier for the next 100. By 1962, when Watson, Crick, and Wilkins won the Nobel Prize for physiology/medicine, Franklin had died. The Nobel Prize only goes to living	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,467	In conventional chessboard layout denotion, where the white castle (rook) starts on square a1, what piece occupies e8?	Eade j chess for dummies 2nd edition 2005 by stier litz - issuu issuu by James Eade EDITION Chess For Dummies®, 2nd Edition Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Control Number: 2005924627 ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-8404-6 ISBN-10: 0-7645-8404-9 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2O/RW/QY/QV/IN About the Author James Eade began taking chess seriously in 1972, when Bobby Fischer was taking the chess world by storm. He competed on his high-school and college teams and became a United States Chess Federation (USCF) chess master in 1981. In 1984 he became a USCF correspondence chess master as well. International organizations awarded him the master title in 1990 (for correspondence) and in 1993 (for regular tournament play), but his chess-playing career has gradually given way to chess writing, organizing, and teaching. James has written three other books on chess: Remember the MacCutcheon (Chess Enterprises), San Francisco, 1995 (Hypermodern Press), and The Chess P	THE MONOPOLY BOARD ° THE MONOPOLY BOARD Here are some mnemonic means of recalling the order/value of squares in a British Monopoly game (useful for pub quiz answers!): There are 40 squares (or 41 if JAIL+VISIT): 22-property, 4 x�200-stations, 2 x�150-utility, 3-CC, 3-CH, 2-TAX (�200-income/�100-super), 4-corner (GO!, JAIL/VISIT, PARK, GO-TO-JAIL) CChest/CHance occur alternately (in alpha). Utilities occur in alpha: (Electric then Water) Stations are (alpha)(St-alpha): (K's-X,Mar),(Fen/St,Liv/St) Sets 2-7 = �100-320 in �20 steps (1=2, 3=�20 up). Property sets 1 & 8 (brown/navy) are odd: Set 1 has only 2x�60 (ie. no 3rd at �80!). Set 8 has only 2, but �350 and �400 (=twice Go!). Opposite Mayfair = Vine St =�200=half-way/value Most people only know the order of sets 1 & 8. The order within sets 2-7 can be recalled by: "AEP, PaWN, BMV, SFT2, L2CoP, ROB" (for key see chart below). Relative settings are also worth noting. For example, "Pentonville Rd" precedes Jail (ie. it's Pentonville-Jail)! "Strand" leads into "Fleet Street", just as in real life! Also note the proximity of TSq & LSq! And just as in the real West End of London, Leicester Square and Piccadilly are at opposite ends of Coventry Street. Finally the utilities divide the 1st/2nd property of set 3 but the 2nd/3rd of set 6 (ie.WWks), while alternate "Community Chest" and "Chance" squares divide the 1st/2nd properties of sets 1-2 and 4-5 but the 2nd/3rd of set 7 (ie.CCh). For reference, the complete order of all 40 squares is: GO	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,468	Which two word rhyming name is the common name for the plant called the Impatiens Walleriana?	FInd the connection - thinkypedia.com FInd the connection Answer the questions and find the link 1. Which England international footballer started his footballing career at Canadian club Calgary Foothills FC? 2. How are twin sisters Monica and Gabriela Irimia better known in the music world? 3. Which famous song includes the line "my shavin' razor's cold and it stings"? 4. Who is the chubbiest out of all of Snow White's seven dwarfs? 5. Which Liverpool player is currently the record FA Cup final goalscorer, with 5 goals to his name? 6. Which two word rhyming name is the common name for the plant called the Impatiens Walleriana? 7. Which former Big Brother contestant who was famous for quotes such as "what is the opposite of opposite?" and "do fish get thirsty?" and later went on to present "Braniac: Science Abuse" on Sky television? 8. Which song gave Vic Reeves and The Wonder Stuff a number one hit in 1991? 9. Which 1999 Oscar winning film was directed by Mike Leigh and starred Jim Broadbent as Gilbert of Gilbert and Sullivan fame? 10. What is the connection?	James Joyce \| Dublin’s Wordy Men Dublin is famous for many things and over its thousand-year history it saw the building of the first two-chamber parliament (Houses of Commons & Lords) – now the Bank of Ireland, College green – in the 1730s; the construction of the Rotunda by Benjamin Mosse in 1745, which is now the oldest continuously operating maternity hospital in the world, and the production of Guinness, one of the best-known drinks in the world. However, its contribution to the written word is legendary with its three native-born Nobel Laureates for Literature giving it a unique place in history. WBY – home on Sandymount Avenue William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) was born in Sandymount and is considered one of the foremost of 20th century literature. He studied in London and spent summer holidays with his maternal grandparents in Sligo, a place that he often wrote about. With Lady Augusta Gregory he established the Abbey Theatre, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923 that cited his ‘inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation.’ Voted as Ireland’s favourite poet his poem Easter 1916, written in the months after the event, capture the mood of the nation at that very tense moment. On the other hand one of his earliest works, Lake Isle of Innisfree (from 1888), a twelve-line written in style of the Celtic Revival that was then becoming popular is still the poem that most people are familiar with: WBY I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made; Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee, And live alone in the bee loud glade. GB Shaw George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) was born in 33 Synge Street, but went to London where he worked as a theatre critic before starting to write. He is best known as a playwright (he wrote more than 60 plays) with Man and Superman, Saint Joan and Pygmalion being the most famous. In 1938 a film version of Pygmalion was produced in Hollywood and it won an Oscar for Best Screenplay. He is the first person to have won both a Nobel Prize for Literature (1925) and an Oscar. In 1906 he moved to a house in Ayot St Lawrence, north of London, that late became known as Shaw’ Corner. He spent the rest of his life here and loved nothing more than tending the garden with his wife Charlotte. In 1950 he fell while pruning a tree, and he died shortly afterwards from complications associated with the fall. He was ninety-four! His and Charlotte’s ashes were scattered along the paths and throughout the garden they loved. Samuel Beckett Samuel Beckett (1913-1989) was born in Foxrock and went to Trinity College. A keen sportsman he is the only Nobel Laureate to have played first class cricket having featured in two matches against Northamptonshire. He was in France when WWII began and fought with the French Resistance and was awarded both the Croix de Guerre and the Medaille de la Resistance. He described his efforts during the war, rather humbly, as ‘boy scout stuff’. He had met James Joyce in Paris in the 1930s and had begun writing before the war began. In 1949, his bleak absurdist play Waiting for Godot was well-received in Paris. When the play was first performed in London in 1955 it was voted ‘the most significant English language play of the 20th century’. His works consider the tragicomic conditions of life, that often combine a bleakness and minimalism which he captured so well. Beckett was at the forefront of ‘modernist’ writing style and a leading light in the ‘Theatre of the Absurd’. He lived and worked in Paris until he died on 22 December 1989 and he is buried in Montparnasse Cemetery. And on 10th December 2009 the new bridge across the Liffey was named in his honour. Samuel Beckett Bridge Pigeon House – Refuge from the storm Pigeon House By the mid-1750s entry to and from Dublin Bay was a hazardous operation and the city governors decided something drastic needed to be done to improve the situation. So a plan was drawn up to construct a wall into the bay that would stop the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,469	What is another name for word blindness	Word blindness - definition of word blindness by The Free Dictionary Word blindness - definition of word blindness by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/word+blindness (Pathology) the nontechnical name for alexia , dyslexia ˈword-ˌblind adj (əˈlɛk si ə) n. a neurologic disorder marked by loss of the ability to understand written or printed language, usu. resulting from a brain lesion or a congenital defect. Also called word blindness. [1875–80; a -6 + Greek léx(is) speech (lég(ein) to speak + -sis -sis ) + -ia ] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: aphasia - inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion Translations Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: word-blind References in periodicals archive ? This is an inaccuracy, as she was actually unable to speak at the age of five because of her word blindness. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.	Glossary of Ophthalmology Terms Mesa Az \| East Valley Ophthalmology AK: Astigmatic Keratotomy , modified form of Radial Keratotomy (RK). Amblyopia: Dullness or obscurity of sight for no apparent organic reason, therefore not correctable with glasses or surgery. Sometimes called a lazy eye, wherein one eye becomes dependent on the other eye to focus, usually developed in early childhood. Often associated with strabismus . Amsler grid: Hand held chart featuring horizontal and vertical lines, usually white on black background, used to test for central visual field defects. Angle: Drainage area of the eye formed between the cornea and the iris , named for its angular shape, which is why you see the word "angle" in the different glaucoma names. Anisometropia: Condition of the eyes in which they have unequal refractive power . Anterior ocular segment: Part of the eye anterior to the crystalline lens , including the cornea , anterior chamber , iris and ciliary body . Antioxidants: Micronutrients that destroy or neutralize free radicals, molecules that have been implicated as one causative factor in the stimulation of abnormal cellular reproduction (cancer) and cellular destruction (aging). Antireflective coating: Coating on the front or back of glasses lenses, which minimizes the glare for patients who are extremely bothered by glare. Aphakia: Absence of the lens of the eye. Aqueous humor: Transparent fluid occupying the anterior chamber and maintains eye pressure. Argon laser: device used to treat glaucoma (usually open angle) and diabetic retinopathy using a thermal beam. ARMD: age related macular degeneration: Destruction and loss of the photoreceptors in the macula region of the retina resulting in decreased central vision and, in advanced cases, blindness. Asthenopia: Eyestrain. Astigmatic Keratotomy (AK): Treats astigmatism by flattening the cornea with arc-shaped incisions in its periphery, similar to RK. Astigmatism: Structural defects of the eye in which the light rays from a viewed object do not meet in a single focal point, resulting in blurred images being sent to the brain. An astigmatic cornea is not perfectly rounded like a basketball but has an irregular shape more like the side of a football. Astigmatism is most often combined with myopia or hyperopia . Automated Lamellar Keratoplasy (ALK): Procedure that predates LASIK eye surgery and is not generally used any more. Automated perimeter: Computer-driven device used to plot defects in the visual field (peripheral vision or side vision). Usually, this is a large hemisphere shell into which the patient's head is placed. Various points of lights, sometimes of different sizes, intensities and colors are projected onto the screen. The patient then indicates whether the light is seen and the response is recorded. The computer then plots the effective visual thresholds within the targeted visual field. Axis: Optical - a straight line through the centers of both surfaces of a lens. Visual - a straight line from the object of vision to the fovea of the eye. BCVA: Best corrected visual acuity . Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA): Best possible vision a person can achieve with corrective lenses, measured in terms of Snellen lines on an eye chart . Beta-carotene: Member of the carotinoid family of vitamins, a precursor to vitamin A, thought to be beneficial to the eyes, helpful in treating diseases such as glaucoma. Bifocals: Lenses containing two focal lengths, usually arranged with the focus for distance above and near focus below. Binocular vision: Sim	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,470	Who in the 16th century founded the Society of Jesus, the Jesuits?	BBC Religion & Ethics - The Society of Jesus: Who are the Jesuits? The Society of Jesus: Who are the Jesuits? Who are the Jesuits? The Society of Jesus is a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church Pope Francis is the first member of the Society of Jesus to be elected pontiff. So who are the Jesuits? According to the all-male Society, there are 20,000 Jesuits working in more than 100 countries, with 200 members in the UK in parishes, schools, colleges and spirituality centres. Jesuits take vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Around three-quarters of Jesuits are priests, but there are also 2,000 Jesuit brothers (men who take vows but are not ordained) and almost 4,000 'scholastics' (men studying for the priesthood). There was initial speculation that the Pope chose the name Francis after one of the order's founding fathers, St Francis Xavier , but it has been confirmed that the choice is in honour of St Francis of Assisi , who died centuries before it began. The Jesuit motto is Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam - For the greater glory of God. Reformation response The society was founded as an answer to the Reformation by a Spanish knight, Ignatius Loyola, in 1539. It secured papal approval in 1540. An incredibly influential order, members of the society were heavily involved in European politics from the offset. Jesuits were implicated in plots to overthrow Elizabeth I. They were also associated with the Gunpowder plot to destroy Parliament, after James I made the order illegal. During this time all Catholics in Britain were told they must recant their catholicism or face death. The term Jesuit was first applied to the society as a reproach and was never employed by its founder, though members and friends of the society later accepted the name. Today Jesuits continue to be one of the most influential groups in the Roman Catholic church. Further advanced studies - often three to five years Tertianship, further study of the Jesuits - seven/nine months or two years Candidate takes final vows and becomes a Jesuit priest or brother Their alleged influence over monarchs and leading figures led to envy and the suppression of the society during the late 18th Century, but they were re-established in 1814. The society has a strong educational focus. During the 16th and 17th Centuries the Jesuits grew rapidly, founding missionaries, schools, colleges, and seminaries around Europe. By the 17th Century there were more than 500 Jesuit schools established across Europe. The Jesuits' standardised curriculum and teaching methods became the basis of many education systems today. The Jesuits were great patrons of art, using murals and theatres to convey their message to as a wide an audience as possible. The Spanish Inquisition The Jesuits are famous for their role in the Spanish Inquisition, though contrary to popular opinion the Jesuit order did not begin it. The inquisition was set up in 1480, 60 years before the Papal bull that formalised the creation of the Society of Jesus. The Spanish Inquisition was originally overseen by members of the Dominican order, though members of the Jesuit brotherhood were involved at a later date. Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition was not formally disbanded until 1834, though its influence had significantly dwindled prior to that date. The Inquisition was famous for its use of torture to elicit confessions from accused 'heretics'. It was believed that confessions extracted after torture must be true, an idea that was later dispelled. Jesuits today The Jesuits continue to serve the Church and wider community in a wide range of ministries, most notably in Catholic parishes and in education - from preparatory level, through secondary schools to university colleges. They place great emphasis on retreats and spiritual direction based on the spiritual exercises of Saint Ignatius. The Jesuit Refugee Service, set up by Fr Pedro Arrupe SJ in 1980, works with poor and disadvantaged communities in more than 50 countries. Jesuits continue to work in the fields of art and science, in particular at the Vatic	George Fox \| Quaker Heritage \| George Fox University About George Fox Our Namesake George Fox was a leader in a 17th-century Christian awakening from which came the Quaker movement (now known as the Society of Friends or the Friends Church). During civil strife between royalist and parliamentary forces, the movement spread rapidly across England and in American colonies, in spite of harassment under Commonwealth and Restoration governments that brought property loss, imprisonment, and sometimes death. By the end of the century, there were 100,000 Quakers, an American colony (Pennsylvania), and a strong public witness to Christian holiness, peace, religious freedom, participatory worship, business integrity and social justice. Many early adherents were drawn from Seeker communities of Northern England. These Christians, disillusioned with monopolistic state religion, whether Catholic, Anglican, Presbyterian, or Independent, had been meeting informally for Bible study and prayer. George Fox forcefully articulated their criticism of the institutional church for its secondhand faith, sin-excusing doctrine, hireling ministry, and compromise with political powers. People responded eagerly to his proclamation of a new Day of the Lord in which the true church is being recovered and kingdom righteousness effected through Christ's presence and power. After the Toleration Act of 1689 granted limited freedom to Quakers, the movement took shape as a denomination, as did other groups arising within Puritan England. Currently approximately 350,000 people worldwide identify themselves as Friends (Quakers). They are most numerous in Africa and the Americas with fewer adherents in Europe/Middle East and Asia/West Pacific. Within such multicultural pluralism, patterns of worship and ministry vary, but certain distinctive beliefs persist: that Christ revealed outwardly in history is the Light within each person, that women as well as men may minister, and that believers are called to personal holiness and to public righteousness. By Arthur O. Roberts, PhD, Professor at Large, George Fox University	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,471	Who, along with Rachel Riley and Susie Dent, will host the 2012 series of Countdown?	Countdown dragged into digital age as Dictionary Corner ditches trusted reference book for laptop - Mirror Online Countdown dragged into digital age as Dictionary Corner ditches trusted reference book for laptop Susie Dent and the celebrity guest of the day will verify contestants' answers on oxforddictionaries.com Share Digital age: Countdown host Nick Hewer with Susie Dent (left) and Rachel Riley (Photo: Channel 4) Share Get celebs updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email TV quiz Countdown is to ditch its dictionary after 32 years this month – and replace it with an online version. Rachel Riley revealed that the hit gameshow - the first programme to air on Channel 4 when it launched in 1982 - is finally being dragged into the modern technological era. “We’re moving into the 21st century,” she laughed. The all-new Dictionary Corner will launch at the start of the 70th series on June 30. Viewers will only notice the difference on the daily show when Susie Dent replaces her much-leafed copy of the Oxford English Dictionary with a sleek computer. But while the book itself will disappear from the screen, resident lexicographer Susie will remain. She and the celebrity guest of the day will instead verify the answers using a laptop and oxforddictionaries.com to find the best words available from the selected letters. Today Susie said: “While I’ll miss rifling through the printed dictionary and using Countdown’s famous pencam, I’m excited that we will now be able to reflect the very latest changes to English by using an online dictionary that’s updated every three months. "The principles of Dictionary Corner will remain exactly the same - it’s simply the technology that is changing.” poll loading	You've Been Framed! - UKGameshows You've Been Framed! Announcer: Andrew Brittain Broadcast Granada in association with American Broadcasting Company, Vin Di Bona Productions, Tokyo Broadcasting System and Action Time for ITV, 14 April 1990 to present Synopsis The UK's gold standard in clip shows which, like America's Funniest Home Videos, occasionally had a game show segment. In You've Been Framed! (exclamation mark obligatory), contributors compete to get their funny home videos on TV - for every clip that makes it to the screen, contestants are awarded £250. During the first four series, the studio audience voted for the funniest clip in every show to go through to a season finale where £5000 and a shiny new camcorder were up for grabs. In Series 15 the weekly competition returned entitled Clip For A Trip, giving three finalists the chance to win a £1000 holiday if they could win over the studio audience with their funny moment caught on tape. Original host, Jeremy Beadle in the cosy house era (1994-7). Prankster Jeremy Beadle presented the show for eight years with Emmerdale's Lisa Riley taking over, with some controversy, for five further series from 1998. Jonathan Wilkes took the reins in 2003 for two series in studio (very much influenced by the 'zoo' formula of Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway - featuring kids talking about their favourite clips, surprises for audience members, holiday competitions & Naming and Shaming clip fakers) and one series on location for a daytime transmission. Comedian Harry Hill is the current host. Members of the public who have 87-year-old uncles likely to put up a rickety shed in the back garden, or grannies with a particularly high centre of gravity at weddings, can lob their VHS, Mini-DV's, CD-Roms, DVD's & Hi-8s to FREEPOST - YOU'VE BEEN FRAMED! Catchphrases Jeremy Beadle: "Next week, the star of our show could be you!", "Bundle it off to Beadle!" Lisa Riley: "Don't do anything stupid, unless you're being framed!" Jonathan Wilkes: "I don't have a catchphrase!" Harry Hill: "Is that the time already?", "Until next time, Cheerio! Theme music Trivia Up to 180 clips are used in each show. Little known fact - Richard Madeley presented the untransmitted pilot. Hmm, Richard Madeley. We can't see it - Can you? One 1992 episode managed to rake in 19.3 million viewers, making it the 13th most highest rated programme of the 1990s. Web links	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,472	What is the star sign for the 1st April ?	April 1 - Birthday Horoscope Personality \| Sun Signs Birthday Meanings Of People Born On 1st April (Zodiac Sign Aries) IF YOUR BIRTHDAY IS April 1, you are an approachable but straightforward Aries. You are high-spirited and just full of positive emotions. Alternatively, you can be self-absorbed but you consider others. You are the family member that usually stands out and stands up so when it comes down to you needing help, you hesitate to ask anyone for it. Because of this attitude, you can become withdrawn and have negative thoughts. Aries birthdate horoscope for April 1st, predicts that you may start to feel as if nobody cares for you when in fact, they do not have a clue as to how you are feeling. Do not be so contrary. You are resilient so you never stay down for long but even that is too long of an unnecessary silence. The 1st April birthday astrology analysis hows that Aries born individuals are eager to love. You are a cheerful bowl of charisma and ideas… romantic ideas. Yes indeed… you who are born on this day are a pleasure to be around. Mainly, you are sentimental, gentle and impulsive when it comes to love and your partnerships. Of the other signs, sexual compatibility by birth date report for April 1, shows you are highly physical in nature. More to the point, you are a sex addict. When you can find that your soulmate who meets you half way, then you will have one loyal, protective and passionate Arian. Normally your sights are not on long-term commitments but you know when you have hit the jackpot and put 100% of your heart into it. What your birth day says about you is that once you set your mind to something, you do not quit until the task is accomplished. You do not mind hard work or the vicissitudes in life. It is what makes you stronger. You who are born this birthday April 1, know that obstacles will come but they become a thing of the past eventually. Besides, anything worth having is worth working for. For an Aries, success is bliss with someone to share it with. According to the April 1 birthdate analysis, usually you are active and have few health problems. Minor health issues catch up with you when you are still but it gives you the opportunity to reflect on past efforts. It is important for you to be emotionally stable to keep in touch with your inner being. You crave things for a reason other than it being a subliminal message from a commercial. Take that and go to a physician of your choice. With your future so bright, you will want to live to see your old age. The April 1st birthdate personality traits seen in you is that your restlessness encourages your impatience and argumentative personality. Those born on this day are opinionated as well. Because you get bored easily, you prefer the company of a few friends but still enjoy your peace and quiet. This may sound as though Aries are negative influences but you just have your way of doing things. Deep down, you are full of positive qualities and vigor. Those Arians born on a zodiac birth date April 1 are encouraged to be more patient and tactful. On the surface, you may seem to rough around the edges but inside, you are a gentle and passionate soul. You love making love to someone that wants the same thing as you do. As the April 1st birthday meaning opines, you are determined to get the job done but need to take time out to get at least a yearly physical. Obstacles are only stepping-stones to something greater, you believe. Yes, that is right… What doesn’t kill ya’ will make you stronger, if you learn from your mistakes or troubled times. This Day That Year – 1 April In History: 1748 – Pompeii ruins found 1866 – Presidential veto is rejected by Congress that gives equal rights to all in the US 1873 – 547 people die on the British White Star steamship in Nova Scotia 1916 – First time US national women’s swimming championships held 1924 – Gen Ludendorff released but Hitler sentenced to 5 years Celebrities Born On April 1st: Susan Boyle, Jimmy Cliff, Jon Gosselin, William Harvey, Ali MacGraw, Randy Orton, Debbie Reynolds, Hillary Scott, Se	I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue - Wikiquote I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue From Wikiquote Jump to: navigation , search This article needs cleanup. Please review Wikiquote:Templates to determine how to edit this article to conform to a higher standard of article quality. This page has been listed as needing cleanup since 2008-09-15. I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue (BBC Radio 4, 11 April 1972 - ) is a British radio comedy programme which describes itself as "the antidote to panel games ". Hosted by Humphrey Lyttelton , and originally played by Barry Cryer , Tim Brooke-Taylor , Graeme Garden , Willie Rushton , a range of guests have performed on the programme's panel since it began. The programme is known for its ridiculous rounds and games, such as Mornington Crescent and Word Disassociation played completely for laughs by the panellists who, to the untrained eye, might appear at first to be playing for points. Wordplay and innuendo are a large part of the show's humour. Following the death of Humphrey Lyttelton in 2008, the show used regular guest panellists Stephen Fry , Jack Dee and Rob Brydon as guest presenters for the 51st series, before choosing Jack Dee as the permanent chairman the following series. All quotes are by Humphrey Lyttelton unless otherwise stated. Contents Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Sun: Ten Things You Never Knew You Shouldn't Do" Barry Cryer: "Melody Maker: Stones Make Comeback" Graeme Garden: "Express Sport: Moses Names Ten for Sunday" Willie Rushton: "New Musical Express: 'Thou Shalt Not Commit Adultery' drops to Number 8" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Times: Graven Image Manufacturers Protest At New Guidelines" Willie Rushton: "The Star: Kylie Minogue is Star Bird - 'Covet Neighbours Ass'" Joan of Arc burns at the stake[ edit ] Willie Rushton: "Le Figaro: French Government Spokesman says "Smoking Can Seriously Damage Your Health"" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "Daily Mail: "English Hooligans Burnt My Daughter" says Mrs. Arc" Graeme Garden: "The Star: Phew! What a Scorcher!" Barry Cryer: "Green News: Woodburning French Threat To Ozone Layer" Willie Rushton: "The Cricketer: England Win Ashes" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Sun: French Filly Flambé (translation on page 8)" The Gunpowder Plot[ edit ] Graeme Garden: "The Telegraph: Universe Manufacturer Goes Out Of Business After 6 Days" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Lancet: BMA Warn Rib Transplants Can Cause Lumps On Chest" Barry Cryer: "Daily Star: "I'm Over The Moon", Says God" Graeme Garden: "Daily Mail: Snake Problem At Theme Park - Last Two Visitors Forced To Leave" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Times: Nothing Happened Yesterday" Willie Rushton: "Irish Times: Genesis Good For You" Graeme Garden: "News of the World: Spot The Apple and Win A Skoda" The unfortunate demise of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark[ edit ] Barry Cryer: "Dog Breeder's Gazette: Great Dane puts self down!" Willie Rushton: "The Times: Blair says whittling-down of royal family a success" Graeme Garden: "The Stage: Touring players unexpectedly available for panto" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "Daily Express: Reprint of Ophelia's Panorama interview in full, where she says a surfeit of lampreys was just a cry for help" Graeme Garden: "The Guardian: Yesterday's headline 'Laughter at Elsinore' should have read 'Slaughter at Erinsbrough'" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Sun tells the Prince: Just Be!" Graeme Garden: "The Telegraph: Danish Bloodbath - No Britons Hurt" Barry Cryer: "Gay News: Macbeth Outed - Admits laying on MacDuff" Willie Rushton: "The Guardian: Borehamwood seen approaching Dungeness" Graeme Garden: "The Sun: Phew! What a Scotsman!" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "The Scotsman: Och! Eye of Newt!" Willie Rushton: "Glasgow Herald: Pioneering test-tube baby kills King" Graeme Garden: "Woman's Own: Delia's recipe for Duncan Doughnuts" Graeme Garden: "London Evening Standard: Tube Strike Off" The Assassination of Julius Caesar[ edit ] Barry Cryer: "The Sun: Brutus Splashed it All Over" Willie Rushton: "Daily Mirror: Julius Caesar is Ides Victim" Tim Brooke-Taylor: "Sunday Sport: Brutus Ate Two Hamsters!" Graeme Garden: "Lancashire Evening Post: Mark Antony Come	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,473	Who had a not hit in 1983 with the song 'Electric Avenue'?	Electric Avenue by Eddy Grant Songfacts Electric Avenue by Eddy Grant Songfacts Songfacts Most American listeners didn't read much into the lyrics, but Grant claims this is a serious song. It refers to a real place in London, and tells the story of a poor man who beholds the things in life he could never achieve. Electric Avenue is a shopping area in the Brixton section of London, named because is was the first street in the area to get electric lights. Brixton was the setting for riots between police and protesters in 1981, which Grant refers to in the opening line, "Down in the street there is violence." This is one of the highest-charting reggae-influenced pop songs ever. Grant, a native of Guyana, had many pop and ska groups in England and Barbados. His first band, The Equals, had three Top 10 hits in England in the 1960s. They were the first multiracial band to find success in the UK. Some interesting chart timing on this song: It made #2 in the UK in January 1983, but didn't reach that position in the US until July. The difference was MTV, which popularized the song when they put the video into rotation not long after Michael Jackson's " Billie Jean " made the network much more accepting of black artists. Many artists, including the Rolling Stones, recorded at Grant's studio in Barbados. A keen businessman, he tried to buy the rights to Bob Marley's songs in 1991, but he was outbid. This was the biggest hit Grant ever had, but he still made showings in the Top 40 internationally with several British singles and "Romancing the Stone" in the US (#26, 1984).	Golden Earring Story - The Eighties 2020 The Eighties 1980 - The band has a contract for one more record for Polydor and so Prisoner Of The Night was recorded. It contains several fine rocksongs like Long Blond Animal and No For An Answer. This time the album was (again on low budget!) recorded at the Golden Earring Workshop Zoetermeer with the Mira Sound Mobile studio and mixed at Soundpush studio's Blaricum, Holland by John Kriek and George Kooymans. The release date for the album was September 12, 1980, exactly 15 years after the release of their first single Please Go. Although the band has put out several fine albums over the years, Golden Earring has not always had an easy time staying consistent from album to album. This 1980 effort was one of the rare instances in the Golden Earring catalog in which the group takes a good album, No Promises... No Debts, and actually improves on it. Like the aforementioned album, Prisoner of the night presents a collection of songs that combine pop hooks and hard rock muscle in a radio-friendly way. However, Golden Earring improves on this style instead of recycling it: The guitar riffs hit harder, the hooks are catchier, and the arrangements are more willing to toss an occasional left turn at the listener while still managing to keep the songs lean and exciting. Good examples include the single "No For An Answer" which combines a muscular array of guitar riffs and a frenetic hard rock tempo with a killer singalong chorus, and "My Town", an amped-up slice of driving power pop that is worthy of Cheap Trick. However, the finest of the rockers is "Long Blond Animal," which combines a stomping beat, a circular guitar riff, and another infectious chorus to create a blood-pumping rocker that is as catchy as it is invigorating. Some of the other songs don't quite hit the manic highs of these standout tracks, but everything is well-arranged and features unexpected twists that keeps things fresh (i.e., the new wave synthesizer riff that pops up out of nowhere midway through the power ballad "Will And Mercy"). The end result is one of the finest albums of Golden Earring's career. It's a required listen for the group's fans and an album that is likely to win over any pop/rock devotee who gives it a spin. The album Prisoner Of The Night was also released in the USA but with a different title ‘Long Blond Animal’ named after one of the albumtracks. The for July 19, 1980 scheduled concert in Den Haag at the Maliepop open air festival had to be postponed till next day because of heavy rain. The other bands programmed for the Maliepop concert on July 20 were New Adventures, Gruppo Sportivo, Urban Heroes, Tutti Frutti, Dr. Pop, Iquana. The Maliepop festival was organised by Leen Visser, stagemanager Maarten Baggerman and Rob Gerritsen. Maliepop was named after the location Malieveld and was the predecessor of the now wellknown Parkpop festival which is organised annualy from Summer 1981 on at the The Hague Zuiderpark. This park is located very near to the neighbourhood George Kooymans and Rinus Gerritsen spent their childhood. The track Long Blond Animal was released on single in September 1980, entered the Dutch Top 40 on September 20, 1980 on position 35 and became a minor hit only as it reached chart position 19 and a total of 7 weeks in the charts. The b-side from the Long Blond Animal single is Triple Treat. It's a single only track which is not available on any original Golden Earring album. The next single No For An Answer (Released November 1980) did it even more worse as it reached the Tipparade only.... Polydor released another compilation album on lp and cassette called Greatest Hits 3. This album had the working title 15 years Golden Earring but was renamed. In February 1980 the first lp by the New Adventures was released which was produced by George Kooymans. Earlier on several singles were released (New Adventures, Come On, Late Late Show and Backdoor Lover). The Chuck Berry cover "Come On" was the most successful of them all. All the singles were also produced by George as well. Geor	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,474	In 1997 James Cameron won an Oscar for which blockbuster?	1997 Academy Awards® Winners and History The Full Monty (1997, UK) Actor: JACK NICHOLSON in "As Good As It Gets", Matt Damon in "Good Will Hunting", Dustin Hoffman in "Wag the Dog", Robert Duvall in "The Apostle", Peter Fonda in "Ulee's Gold" Actress: HELEN HUNT in "As Good As It Gets", Judi Dench in "(Her Majesty) Mrs Brown", Helena Bonham Carter in "The Wings of the Dove", Kate Winslet in "Titanic", Julie Christie in "Afterglow" Supporting Actor: ROBIN WILLIAMS in "Good Will Hunting", Robert Forster in "Jackie Brown", Anthony Hopkins in "Amistad", Greg Kinnear in "As Good As It Gets", Burt Reynolds in "Boogie Nights" Supporting Actress: KIM BASINGER in "L.A. Confidential", Joan Cusack in "In & Out", Minnie Driver in "Good Will Hunting", Julianne Moore in "Boogie Nights", Gloria Stuart in "Titanic" Director: JAMES CAMERON for "Titanic", Peter Cattaneo for "The Full Monty", Atom Egoyan for "The Sweet Hereafter", Curtis Hanson for "L.A. Confidential", Gus Van Sant for "Good Will Hunting" Director-producer-screenwriter James Cameron's three-hour mega-hit, Titanic - both the most expensive film ever made AND the number one, most successful box-office film of all-time (shared by 20th Century Fox and Paramount Studios), was the fictionalized account of the 1912 White Star Line cruise-ship disaster. It was the first Best Picture winner to gross over $1 billion (worldwide), and $600 million (domestic). Cameron's film was both a love story surrounded with the special-effects sinking of the 'unsinkable' Titanic on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York. The reconstructed ship in the film was three-quarters actual size. Titanic had a record number of nominations and wins - fourteen, tying the all-time record set by All About Eve (1950) . That made it the second of only two films to receive 14 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. It was also the second film to win 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture - it tied Ben-Hur (1959) with eleven Oscar wins - the most Oscar wins of any film in Academy Awards history. [ The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) would equal the feat in six years with 11 wins.] Both Titanic and Ben-Hur (1959) failed to win Best Original Screenplay (Titanic wasn't even nominated in the category), although both films won Best Picture and Best Director honors. To date, it was the last film to win Best Picture without a Screenplay nomination (Adapted or Original); the last Best Picture to not have its screenplay nominated was The Sound of Music (1965) . [The earlier version, Titanic (1953), lacked nominations for Best Picture and Best Director, but had two nominations, including Best Art Direction and it won an Oscar for Best Story and Screenplay - by Charles Brackett, Walter Reisch, and Richard Breen.] Its fourteen nominations included: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, Best Make-up, Best Score, Best Song ("My Heart Will Go On"), Best Sound, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Visual Effects. Titanic lost only three awards for which it was nominated - its two acting nominations, and	"Masterminds" - Manchester Evening News, November 7, 2015 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. Playboy Russia covergirl Maria Kozhevnikova, boxer Nikolai Valuyev, and tennis player Marat Safin shared which honour in December 2011? 2. What William S Burroughs 1961 book popularised the rock music term 'heavy metal', and provided the names for at least two rock bands of the 1970s? 3. What main religion celebrates festivals including Nuakhai, Yatra (or Zatra/Jatra), Pongal, Holi and Shigmo? 4. Which country experienced the Velvet Revolution in Nov-Dec 1989? 5. According to the UK General Teaching Council how many of the 28,000 newly qualified teachers in 2010 had a computerrelated degree: 3; 30; 300 or 3,000? 6. Spell the word: Remanisence; Reminissense; Remeniscence; or Reminiscence? 7. What ancient Sanskrit word loosely meaning 'region' commonly now refers to people (and culture, products, etc) of Indian sub-continent origins? 8. Whom did Forbes Magazine list as the most powerful woman in the Southern Hemisphere in 2011? 9. Unrelated, what is a set of slats and a museum? 10. What ship, whose name means thunderbolt, was Nelson's flagship 1799-1801, and later a training ship for boys? 26 11. The Showa period of Japan coincided with what Emperor's reign? 12. Michael Morpurgo, author of the children's book War Horse, on In state Luther which the 2012 Spielberg film (of the same name) is based, held what UK position from 2003-5? 13. What fashionable Mediterranean resort hosted the G20 international economics conference at the height of the Greek Euro membership crisis? 27 14. How many cubic metres is the space in a room four metres square and three metres high? 15. Which politician bowled faster than Dennis Lillee and Andy Roberts? 16. What element is also known as hydrargyrum? David shows around 17. Whose father wrote and sang the popular Secret Lemonade Drinker song in the award-winning British 1970s-80s R Whites Lemonade TV advert ? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Newspapers Encyclopedia Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details	trivia_qa.jsonl

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.