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1,501,575	In 2013, Justin Rose became the first Englishman in 43 years to win golf's US Open, who won in 1970?	US Open 2013: Justin Rose becomes first Englishman to win in 43 years \| Daily Mail Online comments Justin Rose became the first Englishman to win golf's US Open since 1970 with victory at Merion yesterday. Rose followed in the footsteps of Tony Jacklin 43 years ago by dramatically winning the championship in Pennsylvania last night. He also ended the long wait for a major winner since Sir Nick Faldo won the Masters championship in 1996. An emotional Rose paid tribute to his father as he spoke of his victory. Pure delight: Justin Rose kisses the US Open Trophy and celebrates with it (below) Joy: Justin Rose celebrates with the trophy after winning the U.S. Open at Merion Golf Club Wonderful moment: Rose embraces his wife Kate after his victory at Merion was sealed Rose scored 70 in his final round to finish one over par and condemn Phil Mickelson to his sixth runners-up finish in the event on his 43rd birthday, finishing two shots behind alongside Australian Jason Day. Although he is the first Englishman to triumph since Tony Jacklin ten years before he was even born, Rose is the third European winner of the US Open in the last four years. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Fellow golfer Rory McIlroy was among the first to pay tribute to Rose's victory last night. Ulsterman McIlroy, who bent a club in frustration during the contest, wrote on Twitter: 'So happy for @JustinRose99! Couldn't happen to a better lad!' Impressive: Rose hits his tee shot on the fifth hole during the final round as he battled for top spot Close run thing: Phil Mickelson was around the top all day and suffered some terrible edges Golfer Graeme McDowell, also from Northern Ireland, added: 'Congratulations to @JustinRose99. Best player in the world the last few years. Major much deserved. #respect.' Rose began the day two shots off the lead held by Mickelson but soon caught him. But he was pushed all the way by his rivals in a dramatic finish. As he sunk his winning putt, an emotional Rose looked to the heavens in tribute to his father Ken who introduced him to the sport, but died of leukemia in 2002. He told reporters afterwards: 'You saw me look to the heavens with it being Father's Day - I was just trying to remember my dad. 'My coach Sean Foley sent me a text this morning which said "Go out there and be the man that your dad taught you to be and that your kids can look up to".' Strong day: Rose tees off at the ninth on a day he showed both consistency and skill Rose, who finished fourth in the Open as a 17-year-old amateur in 1998 and turned professional the next day, added: 'It feels fantastic, absolutely amazing. 'Going forward it gives me a lot of confidence. 'I don't know if it takes pressure off, but it's a moment where you can look back and think childhood dreams have come true.' His previous best finish was joint third place in last year's Open which was won by Ulsterman Rory McIlroy. The last Englishman to lift the US Open was Tony Jacklin, who won by seven shots at Hazeltine, Minnesota, in 1970. Five other Englishmen won the US Open pre-war, while a host of Scotsmen won early editions of the event. World number one Tiger Woods was well off the pace and his challenge was ended even before the final round. Whoops: Tiger Woods had a bad day at the office as he ran double digits over par Wandering: Spectators follow Woods to see if his fortunes have changed Fist bump: Mickelson celebrates making a shot for eagle on the tenth hole with caddie Jim Mackay	Golf Today's A to Z of Golf: Nicknames of golfers, past and present Nicknames of golfers, past and present A Aquaman Woody Austin: he fell in a lake on the follow-through from a difficult lie on the bank during the 2007 Presidents Cup B Babe Mildred Ella Didrikson Zaharias: hugely gifted all-round sportwoman, called 'Babe' (from Babe Ruth) after hitting five home runs in a baseball game. 41 LPGA wins, including ten majors (four of them won as an amateur). Big Easy Ernie Els: because he's big, and makes it look so easy. Big Fijian Tough one, this. It's Vijay Singh. Because he's big (1m88, 94kg) too, and he's from Fiji. Big Mama JoAnne Carner: winner of 43 LPGA titles, including two US Women's Opens - a tall, powerful woman. Big Wiesy Michelle Wie: tall, willowy and with effortless length, ie a sort of female Ernie Els. Black Knight, The Gary Player: South African legend, famous for wearing black, supposedly to help him absorb the sun's energy. Boo Thomas Brent Weekley, a keen hunter and woodsman (from Boo Boo Bear, cartoon character friend of Yogi Bear) Boom Boom Fred Couples: a reference to his immense power off the tee. Boss of the Moss Loren Roberts: one of the finest putters in the game. Buffalo Bill Billy Casper: prolific winner of tournaments from the 50's to early 70s, including two US Opens and a Masters. Fought a lifelong battle with his weight, and ate buffalo meat and organic vegetables to try and keep it down. Bulldog Corey Pavin : a reference to his gritty, determined, never-give-up playing style, rather than his slight, short-hitting physique. Won the 1995 US Open with a memorable 4-wood to 5 feet on the final hole. C Champagne Tony Tony Lema: winner of the 1964 Open Championship. Aquired the name after promising champagne to the press if he won the Orange County Open in 1962 (he did). Died aged 32 in 1966 when his plane ran out of fuel and crashed onto a golf course. Chippie Paul Lawrie: 1999 Open Champion, for his enviable short game, developed as a child by chipping balls into a small gravel circle in which stood the rotating clothes line on which his mother hung the washing. Chocolate Soldier Henry Picard: American winner of the Masters and US PGA, contemporary of Sam Snead and Ben Hogan. "Pick" to his friends, he was head pro at the Hershey Country Club in the 1930s, whence the nickname. Also called the "Hershey Hurricane". Choke, The Scott Hoch: unforgiving reference to his habit of challenging for, but losing major titles, including missing two 2-3 foot putts in the 1989 Masters which ultimately gave Nick Faldo the title. Chucky Three Sticks Charles Gordon Howell III: as in I, I and I... D Doc Gil Morgan: successful US pro (7 PGA and 25 Champuions Tour wins, who is also a qualified Doctor of Optometry. Double D Former world number one David Duval. Duffy James Joseph Waldorf, Jr: four-time PGA Tour winner and wine connaisseur, with a taste in flamboyant shirts and golf balls decorated by his children. El Gato Eduardo Romero: Spanish for cat - the Argentine has a feline way of stalking around his shots. El Niño Sergio Garcia : first came on tour as a brash teenager and had a 'whirlwind' style on the course. F Frank Urban Zoeller: from his initials F.U.Z. Winner of the Masters amd the US Open. G Ben Crenshaw: ironic reference to his fierce temper, despite angelic looks. Giant, The Craig Smith: to date, his main claim to fame is being the world's tallest touring professional at 6ft 8in (2m.03). Golden Bear Jack Nicklaus - from his blond hair, large frame, aggressive golf and large fortune earned in golf and business. Goose, The Retief Goosen - enough said, although strictly speaking the nickname is linguistically incorrect, as his name is pronounced 'Hersen' in his native Afrikaans. Great White Shark Greg Norman, big, blond, Australian former world no. 1. Ironically, despite the nickname and his prodigious number of tournament victories around the world, he is arguably more famous for the major championships he failed to win than for those (2 Open Championships) he won. H Haig, The Walter Hagen : also cal	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,576	Who is the Greek God of wine?	DIONYSUS (Dionysos) - Greek God of Wine & Festivity (Roman Bacchus) Liber, Bacchus Dionysus riding panther, Greek mosaic from Pella C4th B.C., Pella Archaeological Museum DIONYSOS (Dionysus) was the Olympian god of wine, vegetation, pleasure, festivity, madness and wild frenzy. He was depicted as either an older, bearded god or an effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes included the thyrsos (a pine-cone tipped staff), a drinking cup and a crown of ivy. He was usually accompanied by a troop of Satyrs and Mainades (wild female devotees). MYTHS Dionysos was a son of Zeus and the princess Semele of Thebes. During the course of her pregnancy, the god's jealous wife Hera tricked Semele into asking Zeus to appear before her in his full glory. Bound by oath, the god was forced to comply and she was consumed by the heat of his lightning-bolts. Zeus recovered their unborn child from her body, sewed him up in his own thigh, and carried him to term. << More >> After his birth from the thigh of Zeus, Dionysos was first entrusted to the care of Seilenos (Silenus) and the nymphs of Mount Nysa, and later to his aunt Ino, Semele's sister, and her husband Athamas. Hera was enraged when she learned of the boy's location and drove the couple mad, causing them to kill both their children and themselves. << More >> The Thrakian king Lykourgos (Lycurgus) attacked Dionysos and his companions as they were travelling through his land and drove them into the sea. As punishment, the god inflicted him with madness causing him to murder his wife and son and mutilate himself with an axe. << More >> King Pentheus of Thebes refused to accept the god's divinity and tried to apprehend him. The god retaliated by driving the king's daughters into a crazed frenzy and they tore him apart limb from limb. << More >> Dionysos instructed the hero Ikarios (Icarius) of Athens in the art of winemaking. However, some shepherds, upon drinking the wine, thought they had been poisoned and killed him. The sorrowful god then set him amongst the stars as the constellation Bootes. << More >> As Dionysos was travelling through the islands of the Aegean Sea he was captured by a band of Tyrrhenian pirates who thought to sell him into slavery. The god infested their ship with phantoms of creeping vines and wild beasts, and in terror the men leapt overboard and were transformed into dolphins. << More >> Dionysos married princess Ariadne of Krete (Crete) whom he discovered abandoned by Theseus on the island of Naxos. << More >> The god launched a campaign against the Indian nation in the farthest reaches of Asia, leading an army composed of Satyrs, Mainades, and demigods. << More >> Dionysos journeyed to the underworld to recover his mother Semele and brought her to Olympos where Zeus transformed into the goddess Thyone. << More >> Many other myths are detailed over the following pages. SYMBOLS & ATTRIBUTES Dionysos' most distinctive attribute was the thyrsos, a pine-cone tipped staff. His other attributes included a drinking-cup (kantharos), fruiting grapevines and a panther. The god was usually clothed in a long robe (chiton) and cloak (himation) and crowned with a wreath of ivy-leaves. Below are some examples of his attributes as depicted in ancient Greek art:- 1. Pine-cone staff (thyrsos); 2. Thyrsos-staff head; 3. Grapevines; 4. Drinking-cup; 5. Wreath of ivy-leaves. SACRED ANIMALS & PLANTS Dionysos' sacred animals were the panther (leopard), tiger, bull and serpent. The god rode on the back of a panther or drove a chariot drawn by a pair of the beasts. His sacred plants were the grapevine, ivy, bindweed (prickly ivy) and pine tree. Devotees of the god wore wreaths of ivy and carried pine-cone tipped staffs. Below are examples of the god's animals as depicted in ancient Greek art and photos of his sacred plants:- 1. Panther; 2. Grapevine; 3. Ivy; 4. Bindweed; 5. Pine tree. DIONYSUS PAGES ON THEOI.COM This site contains a total of 14 pages describing the god, including general descriptions, mythology, and cult. The content is outlined in the Index of Dionysus Pages (le	Greek Mythology - Unit Test - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. Greek Mythology - Unit Test god of the sun, music, archery, light, poetry son of zeus and leto leader of the 9 muses represents perfect, manly beauty She is wife and sister to Zeus. She is the protector of marriage. Symbols: pomegranate, peacock, lotus staff she is the goddess of the heavens, Empire, Child Birth, and marriage Advertisement ) Goddess of plants and harvests Daughter: Persephone Driven to desperation when Pluto captured Persephone Roman name: Ceres (cereal) Goddess of love and beauty Gets easily jealous She was in love with Ares but Hephaestus She was in love with Adonis So Ares turned into a boar and gored him to death She wanted to kill psyche to prevent her from marrying her son, by making her smell the sleep of death. Roman Name: Venus Symbols: Apple, Dove, Scallop shell, Heart Athena Goddess of Wisdom and stragagy Born out of Zeus head in full armor she created the olive tree for Athens and that’s why it was named Athens She blinded tiresais because she came across Her while she was bathing Symbols: Olive tree, Owl Pandora Demi-Goddess Sent by Zeus to trick Epimethius and punish mankind got accepting the gift of fire from Prometheus she opened the jar given by Zeus and released all of the evils into the world First woman who was formed out of clay by the gods No Roman Name available! head god, god of the heavens (Mount Olympus), Brothers = Hades and Poseidon, Wife = Hera, Symbols: Lightning bolt, Shield, Oak tree, Bull, Eagle and Lightning. Poseidon Symbols: the trident, sea, and horeses. God of water and sea The son of Cronus and Rhea His brothers and sisters include: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Zeus. Atalanta Speedy athlete, Good hunter, Great Fighter eventually married to Hippomenes who overcame her in a foot race Hades God and ruler of the under world Siblings: Hera, Demeter, Zeus, Poseidon, Hestia, Very Rich and Immortal God of metals and fires, rules over volcanoes Roman Name: Vulcan Sacred objects: fire, blacksmith’s hammer He is the only ugly god; he has physical deformities. He makes the armor for all the gods Hermes God of trade and trees Messenger of the gods He has magical winged shoes Symbols: Wings and a Wand Psyche Lived happily with her sisters until Eros took her away She didn’t know that Eros was her invisible lover so one night shesnuck into his room while he was sleeping and shone a light on him, instantlythe palace vanished She was heartbroken so she begged at Aphrodite to let them be together, Aphrodite attempted killing her by giving her the temptation to smell some socalled beauty cream, she opened it up and It was really the sleep of death Zeus revived her and Psyche became immortal so she and Eros could be together Symbols butterfly wings Is the God of Love Roman Name: Cupid Symbols: heart, and Baby Is specialized to make people fall in love byshooting them with arrows Hewas sent to make psyche fall in love with a monster but he got grazed with hisown arrow and fell in love with her instead he ended up marrying her and psychegot turned immortal by Zeus Persephone Symbols: Spring and New Growth Captured by Pluto Ate pomegranate seeds from Pluto’s garden, so couldn't escape underworld permanently Zeus made deal that ½ o year lives with him in underworld, ½ lives with mother there fore creating seasons Advertisement God of wine celebration, and theater Roman Name: Bacchus Travels around the world teaching people how tomake wine out of grapes Fun loving and irresponsible Satyrswhen drunk chase nymphs and girls Symbols: Cup with wine Symbols: bronze tipped spear, sword and shield Parents: Zeus and Hera Took shape of a boar and killed Adonis because he thought Aphrodite loved Adonis morethan himself Is Violent and eager for a fight Echo A tree nymph who distracted Hera to let her friendsget away Herawas really angry so she made it so echo could only say the endings of otherpeoples words and could never say her own this was bad for	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,577	"What U.S. grocery chain has been humorously referred to as ""Whole Paycheck""?"	Whole Foods Tries To Shake 'Whole Paycheck' Rep With Cheaper Spinoff : The Salt : NPR Whole Foods Tries To Shake 'Whole Paycheck' Rep With Cheaper Spinoff Embed Embed Whole Foods Tries To Shake 'Whole Paycheck' Rep With Cheaper Spinoff Whole Foods Tries To Shake 'Whole Paycheck' Rep With Cheaper Spinoff Embed Embed A woman shops at the Whole Foods Market in Woodmere Village, Ohio, on March 27, 2014. The grocery chain has become known for its high-priced food and says its new chain will offer "value prices." Tony Dejak/ASSOCIATED PRESS hide caption toggle caption Tony Dejak/ASSOCIATED PRESS A woman shops at the Whole Foods Market in Woodmere Village, Ohio, on March 27, 2014. The grocery chain has become known for its high-priced food and says its new chain will offer "value prices." Tony Dejak/ASSOCIATED PRESS Upscale grocery store chain Whole Foods (often referred to as "Whole Paycheck" because of its high prices) announced this week that it's launching a new offshoot brand — with lower prices — to appeal to younger, millennial shoppers. Walter Robb, co-CEO of Whole Foods, says it will be a "uniquely branded store concept unlike anything that currently exists in the marketplace" with "value prices ... a modern, streamlined design, innovative technology and a curated selection." The news comes just as the company touted a 10 percent sales increase to $3.6 billion, and an earnings per share increase of 14 percent over the prior year. At the same time, Whole Foods disappointed investors by missing its profit estimates for the second quarter and by reporting lower than expected same-store sales, as NPR's Brian Naylor reported . But Anthony Dukes , a marketing professor at the University of Southern California's Marshall School of Business, says the announcement may have more to do with combating stigma than with any current revenue figures. "Whole Foods has come under criticism for having high prices, the famous 'Whole Paycheck' idea of Whole Foods — charging prices that a lot of people can't afford," says Dukes. "And that's not been particularly good for Whole Foods' image. That price issue has been a thorn in their side. And if that's keeping some people away, because they feel it's too expensive, that new format addresses that issue." Article continues after sponsorship Dukes also says Whole Foods' move is in line with recent trends in the grocery industry. "Grocery has done a really good thing in the past decade or so in regard to understanding this notion of curation, and segmenting, and fine-tuning their assortment to what customers like," says Dukes. "It used to be that grocery stores would survive and compete based on location — just have everything anybody in your location might want." Now, he says, grocery stores are realizing they can offer different experiences for different customers: those who want an upscale setting and high prices, and others who prefer lower prices. Dukes says doing that well, though, takes effort, and the challenge will be doing it in a way that doesn't make current Whole Foods shoppers jump ship for its cheaper offshoot. He points to automaker Toyota, which launched its Scion car line to shake its baby boomer image and appeal to younger consumers with less money to spend. Scion works, says Dukes, because it successfully differentiated from Toyota. "It's [Scion's] actually ugly to the people who buy a conventional Toyota," says Dukes. "And that was the way that they could reach this new market without cannibalizing their existing one, because people who bought a Toyota wouldn't be caught dead driving a Scion." College student Skylar Bowman, 22, is outside of a Whole Foods in West Los Angeles. Stepping into her Mini Cooper and holding a kale, flax seed, almond milk, spinach and honey smoothie, Bowman says she'd give the new chain a shot. But, she says she wants the stores to keep the Whole Foods "vibe." "I love the community, I love the energy, the people who work at Whole Foods, so I hope that transitions," she said. But Bowman, who's paying her way through college, admits that she buys sta	Index-a What does the workplace flexi-hours acronym TOIL stand for? Waterloo, the location of Napoleon's 1815 defeat, is in modern-day: France; Belgium; Spain; or Russia? G-BOAG, G-BOAC, and F-BVFC and the tragic F-BTSC designated what iconic 20thC invention? Name the core specialism of notable Anglo-Danish industrialist Sir Ove Nyquist Arup (1895-1988) and the global (Arup Group) corporation he created: Pharmacy; Structural engineering; Shipbuilding; or Food canning? The famous guitar maker founded in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in 1902 is: Gibson; Fender; Rickenbacker; or Gretsch? Calabria, flanked by the Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas, is the southern peninsular of which country? In the 1920s Japanese and Austrian physicians Kyusaku Ogino and Hermann Knaus devised the contraceptive method called popularly: Coil; Rhythm; Pill; or Condom? What boom caused gross exploitation of native people of Brazil and adjacent nations by European industrialists c.1879-1912: Rubber; Cotton; Gold; or Silk? What popular Spanish word has various meanings including go, hurry up, come on, let's go, up, upstairs, and above? If a fifth of the charges in a $60 bill are discounted by 25%, what is the total cost? What punning word is an animal's mother, a barrier, and a biblical expletive? The artists Monet, Manet, Degas and Cezanne are mainly noted for what style of art? Comprising 100 centavos, what is the currency of Brazil? What word, derived from Latin meaning to 'pay against the evil of something' refers to expressing disapproval? Ogilvy & Mather, WWP and James Walter Thompson famously operate in: Law; Advertising; Auditing; or Architectural design? What mathematical term originated from Arabic 'awar', meaning 'damage to goods', evolving through French terminology for an apportionment of shipping liabilities between owners of vessel and cargo? What herb is traditionally associated, besides garlic, with the pickling of a gherkin (US pickle)? Avian refers to: Birds; Bees; Apes; or Vikings? Derived from Latin for 'place', what anglicized French word commonly means 'instead' in formal communications? Which inspirational genius created the landmark film 'Modern Times' and its theme song, 'Smile', released in 1936? Brazil's first ever football match as a national team was in 1914 at Laranjeiras stadium, Rio de Janeiro state, against: Argentina; USA; Prussia; or Exeter City? What is/are 'pince-nez': Cream and wine sauce; Ferry tug-boats; Armless spectacles; or Four-legged trousers for dogs? The Arabic term 'Al-jebr' (reunion of broken parts) is famously associated with: Disaster relief; TV news; Twin skyscrapers; or Algebra? The UHF wireless technology developed by Eriksson in 1994 for data transfer between devices in close proximity is: Silverlip; Bluetooth; Rednose; or Goldeye? What is the '1c Magenta', which (at $20m) became the most expensive man-made object ever in terms of weight to value? A circular partner-swapping ballroom dance, named after a 1700s maritime leader, is the: William Bligh; Paul Jones; Horatio Nelson; or James Hook? The Stone Age was roughly how many years ago: 4-5,000; 50-100,000; 500,000-1million; or 1-2m? Originally a French portmanteau word combining a shoe and boot, what means 'wilfully destroy'? What is the recurring number when two-thirds is expressed as a decimal? A lodestone (or loadstone, from old English meaning 'leading-stone' or 'way-stone') is a naturally occurring what? Which controversial Swiss sports head, accused of racism, sexism and corruption 1990s-2000s, was once president of the World Society of Friends of Suspenders, which advocated women should not replace stockings and suspenders with pantyhose? Bambino is the family trust of which controversial business mogul, subject to criminal proceedings in Germany 2014? Boundary-pushing Dutch media corporation Endemol sought participants in 2014 for a reality show requiring the group to: Marry each other; Marry animals; Have face transplants; or Live indefinitely on Mars? The volcano Olympic Mons, three times taller than Mount Everest, and the highes	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,578	Polydactylism is distinguished by extra what?	Polydactyls Polydactyls (c) RebelPawz Maine Coons 2015 Introduction Our special interest is in Polydactyl Maine Coons. In our opinion they are the most amazing creatures and they deserve a lot of love and respect. RebelPawz Maine Coons was founded because of our love for the Polydactyl Maine Coons (and Mainelymagic Enzo Furrari P very much in particular). Mainelymagic Enzo Furrari P We are just totally in love with this special trait of the Maine Coon and would love to see it advance further and get more respected in the New Zealand show world. New Zealand is currently the only country in the world where you can show a poly on totally equal footing with other Maine Coons and other pedigree cats. Our objective is to see them out there much more than they are currently and be totally on an equal footing with the straight foots (no pun intended ;) ). TICA world wide have in May 2015 allowed polys into championship, but it had to be done as a separate breed code from the straight foots, but it is a step in the right direction. RebelPawz have been incredibly fortunate to be able to start breeding polys, thanks to the extremely generous support of Soozn Grindell of Mainelymagic Maine Coons (importer of the first Poly Maine Coon to NZ) and Zena Pigden/Liz Curry of Shiningwater and Kittycourt Maine Coons. We will be forever grateful to Soozn Grindell for her immense knowledge and help with our breeding program and for the fuel for our passion for the Poly Maine Coon. We are part of a very small group of breeders in New Zealand who breeds Poly Maine Coons and we are very proud and humbled to be able to be part of it. We hope to make everyone proud of our efforts and look forward to the exciting journey ahead. Kittycourt Embers N Ashes In human, polydactyly is considered a common occurence. Dr Alan Green (MD FAAP), author, pediatrician, lecturer and keynote speaker says: 'Polydactylism, or having one or more extra fingers or toes, is probably the most common abnormality of development found at birth. Polydactylism is reported in about 2 per 1000 children. However, many of the simpler cases are taken care of in the nursery by the obstetrician or pediatrician and don't show up in these statistics' (ref 1). Anne Boleyn, Winston Churchill and King Charles VIII of France (ref World Knowledge Library) are some famous polydactyls. "Polydactyly is an ancient trait and but for a quirk of evolution, all modern animals would have 7 or 8 digits instead of just 5. The oldest known four-legged animals, Ichthyostega and Acanthostega, had 7 or 8 digits per limb. The "extra" digits were next to the thumb. The extra digits disappeared 350 million years ago, leaving modern animals with just 5 per limb. 100 million years after evolution opted for five digits, throwbacks to ancestral polydactyly occurred, as a fossil of a seven-toed reptile demonstrates. The fossil, an aquatic marine reptile called Nanchangosaurus, was an mutant or evolutionary throwback which lived 100 million years after other seven-toed amphibians had died out.” (Ref 2). There has been concern in the Cat Fancies that polydactyly may be associated with other abnormalities that we would not want to encourage in cat breeding. It is important that we separate true polydactyl from other syndromes that happen to include extra digits such as Ellis-van Creveld syndrome which is a disorder of the skeletal dysplasia type and includes cardiac malformation, dwarfism, cleft palate as well as extra digits. This is an autosomal recessive gene found on the chromosome 4 short arm and quite distinct to the simple dominant polydactyl gene found in the Maine Coon cat. RebelPawz Brimful of Asha Genetics and Research The polydactyl gene in the Maine Coon breed is the standard benign autosomal dominant gene for polydactyly, Pd. This gene has been identified following the sequencing of the cat genome. Preaxial polydactyly is caused by ectopic expression of the signalling molecule Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in the developing limb bud. Mutations in the long-distant, limb-specific cis-regulator for SHH, called th	Do Cats Have Toes or Paws? - Pets Pets Do Cats Have Toes or Paws? by Melodie Anne Lucy needs a manicure and a pedicure once in a while. Don't get your cuddly kitty's toes and paws mixed up -- they are in fact separate and distinct parts. Think of Lucy's front paws as her hands and her back paws as her feet. Her front paws have fingers and a thumb, while her back paws have toes. Not Just for Pouncing Feline paws and toes are an intricate system allowing them to perform all of the same activities as their larger wildcat cousins. Lucy's front paws, fingers and claws are just like your hands. She uses them to grab prey -- or furry mice toys -- shovel food into her mouth and groom her face. Her back paws and toes help her jump, pounce, play and run away from predators. Additionally, the pads of her feet sweat a small amount, helping her cool down when it gets steamy outside. Her paw pads also help her glide around quietly when she is getting ready to pounce on one of her siblings. Counting Fingers and Toes All cats have four paws, unless they suffer some kind of tragic accident. Each front paw has four fingers and one thumb, which is known as a dewclaw. Her back paws each have four toes. Every finger and toe also has a claw, similar to your fingernails. In all, Lucy has 18 fingers and toes spread out between her four paws, explains Dr. Arnold Plotnick, a New York City-based veterinarian. Extra Toes Once in a while felines grow extra toes. A condition known as polydactylism is a genetic mutation in which your lovable companion may wind up with one or two extra digits on each foot. Having an extra toe is simply a kitty quirk and is not dangerous or harmful to her health. The extra digit doesn't offer little Lucy any extra benefits, however if the toes don't form properly, she'll wind up having chronic problems with ingrown or overgrown claws. Special Care Inspect Lucy's paws and toes each day, especially if she goes outside. Thorns, chunks of cat litter, small rocks or other debris can be painful when they get stuck between her digits. She also needs her nails trimmed every few weeks or so. If you hear clicking on the linoleum when she walks, it's a sign her nails are too long. When trimming her nails, avoid getting close to the quick. This pink part inside the nail is the blood supply and causes severe pain when you get close to it. If you're unsure about how to give her a proper manicure, have your veterinarian show you how. Getting her used to extra handling ahead of time helps minimize any angry hissing episodes at the vet office.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,579	"What is ""Midway"", the site of the Battle of Midway?"	Midway \| Define Midway at Dictionary.com midway [adverb, adjective mid-wey; noun mid-wey] /adverb, adjective ˈmɪdˈweɪ; noun ˈmɪdˌweɪ/ Spell in the middle of the way or distance; halfway. noun a place or part situated midway. 3. (often initial capital letter) the place or way, as at a fair or carnival, on or along which sideshows and similar amusements are located. 4. the amusements, concessions, etc., located on or around this place or way. Origin of midway Old English 900 before 900; Middle English midwei, Old English midweg; see mid 1, way 1; def. 3 and 4 after the Midway Plaisance, the main thoroughfare of the World Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893 Midway noun 1. several U.S. islets in the N Pacific, about 1300 miles (2095 km) NW of Hawaii: Japanese defeated in a naval battle June, 1942; 2 sq. mi. (5 sq. km). 2. Examples from the Web for midway Expand ISIS and BS Amal Ghandour October 14, 2014 Historical Examples midway round the pole they place a lesser globe, binding it with purple fillets, but the end of the pole is decked with saffron. Capitola's Peril Mrs. E.D.E.N. Southworth People of every sort crowded to see the popular Eskimo Encampment on the midway. A Labrador Doctor Wilfred Thomason Grenfell British Dictionary definitions for midway Expand in or at the middle of the distance; halfway noun (US & Canadian) a place in a fair, carnival, etc, where sideshows are located 3. (obsolete) a middle place, way, etc Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for midway Expand n. Old English mid-weg "the middle of a way or distance;" see mid + way (n.). Meaning "central avenue of a fairground" is first recorded 1893, American English, in reference to the Midway Plaisance of the Worlds Columbian Exposition held that year in Chicago. The Pacific island group so called for being midway between America and Asia. As an adverb from late Old English. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper	Puget Sound Washington - Go Northwest! A Travel Guide Novels set in the Puget Sound "Superspill" by Mary Kay Becker, 1974. An hour-by-hour account of the havoc wrought by spreading oil after a tanker goes aground. "Mighty Mountain" by Archie Binns, 1940. Historical novel about the Puget Sound country in the mid-1800s, highlighting relations between the Indians and the White settlers. "The Timber Beast" by Archie Binns, 1944. Charlie Dow typifies the old style logging operator in this story of the Sound's lumber industry. "Mom Counted Six" by Mac Gardner, 1944. Warm and humorous chronicle of a family who live in a Puget Sound mill town. (Gardner was born and grew up in the Puget Sound area.) More Washington List with Go Northwest! The Puget Sound region is home to the majority of Washington State citizens who live in the bustling cities and suburbs that extend north to south from Stanwood to Olympia. Most Puget Sound communities lie on either side of the north-south Interstate 5 corridor that serves as the major traffic thoroughfare of the state. Puget Sound itself is a body of water lying east of Admiralty Inlet, through which ocean waters reach inland some 50 miles from the Pacific Coast to provide all-weather ports for ocean-going ships at Seattle, Tacoma and Olympia. The waterway is a complex and intricate system of channels, inlets, estuaries, embayments and islands. Common usage has broadened the Sound's description to include the surrounding lowlands extending east to the Cascade Mountains and the various cities and towns lying therein. Such usage also includes Whidbey , Camano, and Fidalgo islands as well as the Kitsap Peninsula . Outside Admiralty Inlet and beyond Whidbey Island to the north, lie the popular San Juan Islands between the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia. This small group of islands is a favorite playground and weekend get-away destination for residents of the region and their northern neighbors in British Columbia , Canada. Puget Sound Cities Seattle , the state's largest city, lies in the center of the Puget Sound region and sits between Elliot Bay and Lake Washington. Across the Sound is Bainbridge Island , the Kitsap Peninsula and Olympic Peninsula . To the east, and across Lake Washington, is Seattle's near neighbor Bellevue . Other major cities situated on the Sound include Everett , Olympia and Tacoma . On the west side of the Sound are the cities of Bremerton , Port Orchard and Shelton . Vacationing in Puget Sound The Puget Sound area offers a rich variety of vacation, recreational and holiday pursuits including big-city life, island retreats, cozy bed and breakfasts, romantic country inns and first-class resorts. There is plenty of sightseeing, hiking, kayaking, and boating activities to keep in shape and make one wish for a longer Puget Sound holiday. See individual cities and towns for additional visitor information as well as information on accommodations, activities and attractions in specific cities. When looking for a city or town, you can choose from either an alphabetical list, or, a list by region .	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,580	Who wrote the 1936 novel ‘Jamaica Inn’?	Jamaica Inn Please see disclaimer Jamaica Inn ï¿½Jamaica Inn stands today, hospitable and kindly, a temperance house on the twenty mile road between Bodmin and Launceston. In the following story of adventure I have pictured it as it might have been over a hundred and twenty years ago; and although existing place-names figure in the pages, the characters and events described are entirely imaginaryï¿½. Jamaica Inn by Daphne du Maurier, 1936. Jamaica Inn is no longer a temperance house, nor does it stand on the road from Bodmin to Launceston; due to modern road development the road has moved. But Jamaica Inn does still stand solid and strong on Bodmin Moor and on a bleak November day can appear as dark and foreboding as it was described in Daphneï¿½s novel. But its thousands of annual visitors will tell you different because, these days, Jamaica Inn is a vibrant and welcoming place to stay awhile when travelling in Cornwall. It is a hotel with a restaurant, bar, shop, museum and a farm shop (opening Spring 2016), all of which are cared for under the watchful eye of Allen Jackson who bought the Inn in March 2014. The fame of Jamaica Inn undoubtedly springs from the novel Daphne du Maurier wrote and the story of how she came to write it is almost as good as the novel itself. In November 1930 Daphne and her friend Foy Quiller Couch went to stay at Jamaica Inn overnight, while on a riding expedition on Bodmin Moor. It was Daphneï¿½s first experience of the Inn. In the afternoon they set off across the desolate and sinister moor and lost their way. Darkness fell, it was raining and the two young women had little hope of finding their way back. They found a derelict barn and Daphne was keen to stay there but Foy thought they would catch their death if they did so, putting their trust in the horses, they allowed themselves to be led across the moor until they eventually saw the lights of Jamaica Inn in the distance and knew that the instinct of the horses had saved them. A year later, on a second visit to Jamaica Inn, Daphne and Foy visited the village of Altarnun and its church, St Nonna, also known as the Cathedral of the Moor. The vicar of Altarnun visited them that evening and there can be no doubt that those two visits to Jamaica Inn, and whatever the vicar said to Daphne on that evening, were to brew in her mind until the story of Jamaica Inn became the novel we know today. Jamaica Inn, Bolventor, Launceston, Cornwall PL15 7TS Tel: +44 (0) 1566 86250 www.jamaicainn.co.uk	Tom Stoppard \| British writer \| Britannica.com British writer Alternative Titles: Sir Tom Stoppard, Tomas Straussler Tom Stoppard Sir Noël Coward Tom Stoppard, original name Tomas Straussler, in full Sir Tom Stoppard (born July 3, 1937, Zlín , Czechoslovakia [now in Czech Republic]), Czech-born British playwright whose work is marked by verbal brilliance, ingenious action, and structural dexterity . Stoppard’s father was working in Singapore in 1938/39. After the Japanese invasion, his father stayed on and was killed, but Stoppard’s mother and her two sons escaped to India, where in 1946 she married a British officer, Kenneth Stoppard. Soon afterward the family went to live in England. Tom Stoppard—he had assumed his stepfather’s surname—quit school and started his career as a journalist in Bristol in 1954. He began to write plays in 1960 after moving to London. His first play , A Walk on the Water (1960), was televised in 1963; the stage version, with some additions and the new title Enter a Free Man, reached London in 1968. His play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1964–65) was performed at the Edinburgh Festival in 1966. That same year his only novel , Lord Malquist & Mr. Moon, was published. His play was the greater success: it entered the repertory of Britain’s National Theatre in 1967 and rapidly became internationally renowned. The irony and brilliance of this work derive from Stoppard’s placing two minor characters of Shakespeare ’s Hamlet into the centre of the dramatic action. A number of successes followed. Among the most-notable stage plays were The Real Inspector Hound (1968), Jumpers (1972), Travesties (1974), Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (1978), Night and Day (1978), Undiscovered Country (1980, adapted from a play by Arthur Schnitzler ), and On the Razzle (1981, adapted from a play by Johann Nestroy ). The Real Thing (1982), Stoppard’s first romantic comedy, deals with art and reality and features a playwright as a protagonist. Arcadia, which juxtaposes 19th-century Romanticism and 20th-century chaos theory and is set in a Derbyshire country house, premiered in 1993, and The Invention of Love, about A.E. Housman, was first staged in 1997. The trilogy The Coast of Utopia (Voyage, Shipwreck, and Salvage), first performed in 2002, explores the lives and debates of a circle of 19th-century Russian émigré intellectuals . Rock ’n’ Roll (2006) jumps between England and Czechoslovakia during the period 1968–90. Stoppard wrote a number of radio plays, including In the Native State (1991), which was reworked as the stage play Indian Ink (1995). He also wrote a number of notable television plays, such as Professional Foul (1977). Among his early screenplays are those for The Romantic Englishwoman (1975), Despair (1978), and Brazil (1985), as well as for a film version (1990) of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead that he also directed. In 1999 the screenplay for Shakespeare in Love (1998), cowritten by Stoppard and Marc Norman, won an Academy Award . Stoppard also adapted the French screenplay for the English-language film Vatel (2000), about a 17th-century chef, and wrote the screenplay for Enigma (2001), which chronicles the English effort to break the German Enigma code. He later penned scripts for a lavish miniseries (2012) based on novelist Ford Madox Ford ’s tetralogy Parade’s End and for a film adaptation (2012) of Leo Tolstoy ’s Anna Karenina . Britannica Stories	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,581	What is Dionne Warwick's real first name?	Dionne Warwick - Biography - IMDb Dionne Warwick Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (2) \| Trivia (32) \| Personal Quotes (2) Overview (4) 5' 7" (1.7 m) Mini Bio (1) Dionne Warwick was born on December 12, 1940 in East Orange, New Jersey, USA as Marie Dionne Warrick. She was previously married to William Elliott . Spouse (2) First cousin of Whitney Houston . On the advice of her numerologist, she added an "e" to her last name and spelled it that way professionally before reverting back to her original spelling. Mother of David Elliott , and Damon Elliott . Arrested on misdemeanor charge 12 May, 2002 at Miami International Airport for carrying 11 marijuana cigarettes, found in empty lipstick container, less than 5 grams of marijuana. A friend told reporters Warwick uses marijuana to fight effects of glaucoma. On 5 June 2002, AP reports that charges against Warwick were dropped after Miami-Dade County judge agreed to plea bargain deal, which included Warwick's completion of drug treatment program. She did not appear in court, but in a statement said, "To this day, I am puzzled about exactly what happened at the Miami International Airport. But through the grace of God, I can now put this unpleasant chapter behind me." Her plea also included her donation of $250 to a group which supports children born with HIV. Warwick also agreed to make an anti-drug public service announcement directed at youth. Celebrity spokesperson for the Psychic Friends Network and hostess for its infomercials in the 1990s. Ranked #42 on VH1's Greatest Women of Rock N Roll Honorary Member of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. Although Warwick had a handful of Top Ten hits during the 1960s, many of her songs were not given the chance to shine. Such songs include "Any Old Time of the Day," "Here Where There Is Love," "The Wine Is Young," "Check Out Time," "Wives and Lovers," "Only Love Can Break a Heart," "Knowing When to Leave," "(They Long to Be) Close to You," "Don't Go Breaking My Heart," "Let Me Be Lonely," "Forever My Love," "In the Land of Make Believe," "What the World Needs Now Is Love," "The Look of Love," and "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head". As a teenager, she formed The Gospelaires , with sister Dee Dee Warwick and aunt Cissy Houston . Graduated from East Orange High School in East Orange, New Jersey in 1959. Was named the U.S. Ambassador of Health in 1987. In the 1960s, she worked with Burt Bacharach and Hal David who wrote most of her songs. Began singing at age 6 at a Baptist church. Attended Karen Carpenter 's funeral on Tuesday, February 8, 1983. The services were held at United Methodist Church in Downey, California. Although her real last name is Warrick, on her first hit record, "Don't Make Me Over", her record company misspelled her name "Warwick" on the label, and she's used it ever since. Had a 12-year relationship with actor Gianni Russo best known for appearing as Carlo Rizzi, Connie Corleone's husband, in The Godfather (1972). Dionne's younger sister, Dee Dee Warwick , died Saturday October 19, 2008 at a New Jersey nursing home, with her elder sister by her side, after having been in poor health for several months, according to a family spokesman. She was 63. She was awarded a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Recording at 6922 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood, California. She was raised on Sterling Street in East Orange, New Jersey. She attended the Hartt College of Music in Hartford, Connecticut. She met Burt Bacharach there, when she was 18 years old. She sang at St. Mark's Methodist Church in East Orange at 6 years old and later at New Hope Baptist Church on Sussex Avenue in Newark, New Jersey. She was awarded five Grammy Awards. She has earned 18 top-20 US hits, including 12 songs written by Burt Bacharach . Her childhood (Lincoln) elementary school was renamed Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneusrhip (Kindergarten to 5th grade) in East Orange, New Jersey. She has six grandchildren. Originally a mezzo-soprano at the height of her career, but since her voice has deepened due to life long	"Masterminds" - Manchester Evening News, December 26, 2015 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. What has been the highest selling album of 2015? 2. Who won this year's Strictly Come Dancing? 3. Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show: Pram; bike; dishwasher; or trousers? 4. A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually: Hum; whistle; laugh; or scream? 5. Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did this year: Clinton; Reagan; Eisenhower; or Washington? 6. Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service called: Bridal; Tidal; Widal; or Piddle? 7. At auction, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? 8. The Save the Children charity said it mistakenly awarded which controversial politician a Global Legacy award? 9. An official investigation as to proof of the US moon landings was demanded in 2015 by: Russia; China; NASA; or Donald Trump? 10. The 2015 Epsom Derby was won by Golden: Eye; Horn; Egg; or Handshake? 11. Who became Labour leader in September? 12. Philae, the spaceprobe thought lost until it recommunicated with controllers in 2015 is on: Mars; The Moon; or Comet 67P? 13. Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015? 14. In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age from what to what: 21-19; 20-18; 18-16; 23-20; or 17-15? 15. The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as: The Asian financial crash; Typhoon Mandy; Seoul Earthquake; or Camel Flu? 16. Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book? 17. Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox: Rupert Murdoch; Clint Eastwood; Donald Trump; or Warren Buffett? 18. An internet picture of a dress baffled people in early 2015, being which two of these colour combinations: Red/pink; green/orange; white/gold; yellow/copper; or blue/black? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,582	Developed from the instruments brought by Portuguese soldiers, with which island group is the ukulele particularly associated?	Guitar fatigue sends musicians back to the ukulele - Houston Chronicle Guitar fatigue sends musicians back to the ukulele By Andrew Dansby , Houston Chronicle Published 6:30 am, Sunday, December 17, 2006 Photo: Johnny Hanson, For The Chronicle Image 1of/10 A row of vintage ukeleles at Rockin' Robin Guitars and Music. A row of vintage ukeleles at Rockin' Robin Guitars and Music. Photo: Johnny Hanson, For The Chronicle Image 2 of 10 Duke of Uke Bill Tapia has played ukelele for more than 90 years. Duke of Uke Bill Tapia has played ukelele for more than 90 years. Photo: Mike Spengler Bart Wittrock, general manager of Rockin' Robin Guitars and Music, owns more than 200 ukeleles. Bart Wittrock, general manager of Rockin' Robin Guitars and Music, owns more than 200 ukeleles. Photo: Johnny Hanson, For The Chronicle Image 4 of 10 Magnetic Fields frontman Stephin Merritt tours with a resonator ukelele made by National. Magnetic Fields frontman Stephin Merritt tours with a resonator ukelele made by National. Photo: John Woo Arthur Godfrey played the ukelele on his radio shows in the '30s, '40s and '50s. Arthur Godfrey played the ukelele on his radio shows in the '30s, '40s and '50s. Photo: Associated Press Pearl Jam singer Eddie Vedder has recorded an album of songs on ukelele. Pearl Jam singer Eddie Vedder has recorded an album of songs on ukelele. Photo: DANNY CLINCH, Associated Press Image 7 of 10 Dan Zanes tunes up his daughter's uke. Dan Zanes tunes up his daughter's uke. Photo: Festival Five Records In Some Like it Hot, Marilyn Monroe played a uke-strumming singer. In Some Like it Hot, Marilyn Monroe played a uke-strumming singer. Photo: Associated Press Elvis Presley donned a little uke (and little shorts) in the feature film Blue Hawaii. Elvis Presley donned a little uke (and little shorts) in the feature film Blue Hawaii. Photo: Chronicle File Guitar fatigue sends musicians back to the ukulele 1 / 10 Back to Gallery For a little instrument, the ukulele carries big baggage. The four-stringed member of the guitar family has been tuned for decades to the uncoolest connotations and connections our popular culture can muster: Dwarfed by hulking '60s novelty act Tiny Tim, blinded by Don Ho's bright Hawaiian shirts and smothered by the cleavage of the cheesecake models who posed with it on postcards. It was not a utensil for hip musicians. But the uke is in different hands now and enjoying a peculiar renaissance. Pearl Jam 's Eddie Vedder recorded an entire album of as-yet-unreleased ukulele music. Rocker-turned-family-music artist Dan Zanes sells a uke on his Web site. The uke shows up on recordings by artists such as Jack Johnson , Andy Partridge , Nickel Creek and Jens Lekman. Even Bruce Springsteen — Bruce Springsteen! — recently played a uke onstage. Stephin Merritt , frontman for alt-pop band the Magnetic Fields , plays only ukes on tour. The Fields' albums are also full of ukulele, and the instrument has inspired a pair of Merritt songs: Ukulele Me! and This Little Ukulele. Merritt recently wrapped a tour that mixed uke music with readings by Lemony Snicket series author Daniel Handler , who also played accordion. Merritt found his strange little instrument had a growing following. "When we played Seattle, we discovered we were not the only accordion-and-ukulele outfit playing in the city," he says. "It's not perceived as a silly instrument anymore," says Jason Verlinde , editor and publisher of the Ukulele Occasional (two issues have been printed over three years) and the more regular Fretboard Journal. "You're seeing it at more music stores. And the nice thing about it: The ukulele is the one instrument at a music store that you're never too intimidated to pick up." The most popular uke lore pinpoints the instrument's birth as 1879. Traditional Portuguese stringed instruments mutated in Hawaii, re-created there by immigrants who worked in sugar-cane fields. The most popular account pegs the word "ukulele" as the native term for "jumping fleas" — an observation made about how one of the immigrants played the uke. The ins	Kerkyra: Kerkyra, Kerkyra island, Kerkyra Greece, Travel guide, Kerkyra, Ionian Islands. Kerkyra General Information Kerkyra is the northernmost and second largest island of the Ionian Islands in the Aegean Sea. With a population density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometer, is among the most densely populated islands in the Mediterranean. Kerkyra town, population 28,185 residents, with strong Venetian and Anglo-French elements, offers great attractions such as Pontikonisi, the Cannon and Mon Repo, and remarkable buildings: the English Commissioner's building, the old palace of the Archangel Michael and St. George, the mansion of Kapodistrias, the Metropolitan Palace, the current Town Hall, the building of the Ionian Academy. Equally important attraction on the outskirts of the city, is the Achillion, the palace of Queen Elizabeth. On the coast of Kerkyra one can find dozens of beaches with fine sand (Ai Gordis, Glyfada, Sidari, Acharavi, Paleokastritsa) while inland there are villages of outstanding natural beauty. Kerkyra is famous for its musical tradition, from the "serenades" to the famous "Band", which accompanies the procession of the Epitaph on Good Friday. The morning of Holy Saturday, following the Corfiot tradition, the residents of the Old City throw pitchers with water from the balconies, an event symbolizing the "first resurrection" of Christ. The city is famous for its Carnival, accompanied by parades in traditional costumes. Finally, the cuisine of Kerkyra is famous for its "pastitsada", the "sofrito", the "bourdeto", the "nougat" and "sesame". Among the local products are bergamot (for sweets and liqueurs), the gruyere and Kerkyra butter, olive oil and oregano.   From Sami Port in Kerkyra to Patras, itineraries for the entire year, trip takes 3,5 hours. Informations : Sami Port Authority, Tel: +30 26740 22031 From Poros Port in Kerkyra to Kyllini, itineraries for the entire year, trip takes 1,5 hours. Informations : Poros Port Authority, tel.: +30 26740 72460 During the peak season there is a weekly itinerary connecting Kerkyra to Brintizi of Italy, and a not so often connection to Venice, Ancona and Bari. BY SPEEDBOAT Speed boats from the other Ionian Islands. From Kerkyra to most Ionian Islands there are frequent itineraries in summer and occasional in winter. For more information call the local travel agents of the location of departure.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,583	Who was the founder of King's College, Cambridge?	College history \| King's College, Cambridge King's College, Cambridge » College history College history Larger image The King's College of Our Lady and St Nicholas in Cambridge was founded in 1441 by King Henry VI and munificently endowed. The Founder's statutes provided for a Provost and seventy poor scholars. Scholarships were restricted to Etonians, but a few pensioners and Fellow commoners from other schools were admitted from the middle of the sixteenth century. By the statutes of 1861 open scholarships, financed by the Fellows greatly reducing their dividends for many years, were founded, and since then pensioners and scholars from other schools have been admitted in increasing numbers. Until 1853 students at King's were exceptional in being awarded University degrees by the College. The original site of the College lay to the north of the current College, between the present Chapel and Senate House Passage. The first College buildings were begun in 1441 on what is now the site of the western quadrangle of the Old Schools. Only the south and part of the west sides of this old Court were completed to the intended design: the rest was hastily finished when the King began to build a larger court on the site further south; but until 1828 the Old Court provided nearly all the undergraduate College rooms. It was then sold to the University, which demolished most of it apart from the gateway arch opposite Clare College. Map of the College Larger image In 1443 King Henry began to buy up the site of the present Front Court and Back Lawn. This was a built up part of the town with shops, houses, several university hostels, the parish church of St JohnZachary, and the original site of Godshouse (now Christ's College). He had always meant the College to be built south of the Chapel but this was prevented by shortage of money and the Wars of the Roses. However, he acquired ground across the river, including Scholar's Piece, the walks beside Queen's Road as far as Garret Hostel Lane, and the site of Clare gardens (ceded to Clare in the seventeenth century). In 1805 the College acquired the ground beyond Queen's Road now occupied by the Fellows' Garden, the Garden Hostel and King's College School. The land where the University Library stands was King's and Clare's sports ground at one time, but was sold to the government for a temporary hospital during World War I. Buttresses of the Chapel, showing the paler stones at the bottom Larger image On his new site east of the river, King Henry planned three domestic ranges closing up to one another and, on the north side, to the Chapel, to form the new court. Between the Chapel and the river there was to be a cloistered cemetery and a bell tower. He laid the foundation stone of the Chapel in 1446; but the work came to a standstill, when he was deposed in 1461, with the Chapel only about 60 feet high at the east end sloping away to about six at the west, and still temporarily roofed. The Founder's stonework in the Chapel is recognisable by being white (magnesium limestone from Yorkshire), while later work is in Northamptonshire sandstone. Only the east range of the domestic buildings was begun; its foundations are still there under the lawn and can be seen in very dry summers. Work on the Chapel was resumed in 1476, and by 1485, with the help of contributions from Edward IV and Richard III (rather surprisingly as both were Yorkists), the five eastern bays had been built and roofed. Then the work stopped again until 1508, when Henry VII provided funds and promised to see the Chapel finished. The fabric with its superb fan vaults was completed after his death, in 1515; by 1544 it had been fitted out for use, largely at the expense of Henry VIII who gave the magnificent windows, the rood screen (on which the organ was placed after the Restoration) and the stalls in the Choir. In 1961 Rubens' painting of The Adoration of the Magi was presented by the late Major A. E. Allnatt and the east end of the Chapel was radically altered to house it. The Gibbs Building and Front Court Larger image In 17	Oxford, City of dreaming Spires Oxford, City of Dreaming Spires Navigation Rent a Castle Whether it's a folly for 2 or a fort for 20, try our castles for rent page. By Ben Johnson \| Comments Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire and famous worldwide for its prestigious university, the oldest in the English-speaking world. In his poem ‘Thyrsis’ the Victorian poet Matthew Arnold called Oxford ‘the city of dreaming spires’ after the stunning architecture of these university buildings. Two rivers run through Oxford, the Cherwell and the Thames (Isis), and it is from this riverside situation that Oxford got its name in Saxon times, ‘Oxenaforda’ or ‘Ford of the Oxen’. In the 10th century Oxford became an important frontier town between the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex and was also strategically important to the Normans who in 1071 built a castle there, first in timber and later in the 11th century, in stone. Oxford Castle played an important part in The Anarchy in 1142 when Matilda was imprisoned there, and later, like many other castles, was mostly destroyed during the English Civil War. The University of Oxford is first mentioned in the 12th century although the exact date of its foundation is unknown. The University expanded rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris and the returning students settled in Oxford. However, in 1209 a student fled the city after apparently murdering his mistress, and the townsfolk retaliated by hanging two students. The ensuing riots resulted in some academics fleeing to nearby Cambridge and establishing the University of Cambridge. The relationship between "town and gown" was often uneasy – as many as 93 students and townspeople were killed in the St Scholastica Day Riot of 1355. Oxford is a collegiate university, made up of 38 colleges and six permanent private halls. The oldest of Oxford’s colleges are University College, Balliol, and Merton, established sometime between 1249 and 1264. Founded by Henry VIII with Cardinal Wolsey, Christ Church is the largest Oxford college and uniquely, the Cathedral seat of Oxford. Most of the colleges are open to the public, but visitors should check opening times. As the colleges are in use by students, visitors are asked to respect the areas marked as private. The historic centre of Oxford is small enough to explore on foot and within easy walking distance of the bus and rail stations. There are many ways to discover this beautiful city: open bus tours, walking tours, river cruises and you can even hire a punt or a rowing boat from Folly Bridge, Magdalen Bridge or Cherwell Boathouse. One of the most iconic buildings in Oxford is The Radcliffe Camera in Radcliffe Square with its distinctive circular dome and drum. Built in 1749 to house the Radcliffe Science Library, the Radcliffe Camera (camera is another word for 'room') is now a reading room for the Bodleian Library. The building is not open to the public except as part of a tour of the Bodleian Library. Known informally as "The Bod", the Bodleian Library on Broad Street was opened in 1602 by Thomas Bodley with a collection of 2,000 books. Today, there are 9 million items. In 1555 during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary (‘Bloody Mary’) the Oxford Martyrs were burnt at the stake for their religious beliefs. The martyrs were the Protestant Archbishop Thomas Cranmer and bishops Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley (all incidentally educated at Cambridge) who were tried for heresy and subsequently burnt at the stake. The site on what is now Broad Street is marked by a cross set into the road and there is also a plaque in the wall of Balliol College. Designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and erected in 1843, the Martyrs' Memorial stands just around the corner from Broad Street on St. Giles. Officially opened in 1683, Oxford's Ashmolean Museum on Beaumont Street is Britain’s oldest public museum and possibly the world’s oldest museum. It is home to Oxford University's art and archaeology collections and admission is free. Completed in 1914 to con	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,584	Who had an affair with Queen Guinevere?	Lancelot and Guinevere's Affair Through the Ages Lancelot and Guinevere: The Love Affair through the Ages Any work of literature can be the result of many different influences and inspirations, but all pieces of literature are produced by at least two distinct sources. The first of these sources is the author himself, and the second is the society in which the author lives. The author as a source is intuitive, but the role of society in the crafting of a piece of literature is less obvious. The premise on which this assertion is based is that no person who has ever lived in a society is completely independent of its influences. Although this influence comes in varying degrees in different people, the prevailing trends, philosophies, technologies, and moralities of any historical period all have significant impact on the way in which people living during that period think. Sometimes this influence encourages divergence from the norm, and at other times adherence to it; some societies encourage people to break free and think independently, while others encourage strict sameness in its citizens. Authors, like any other people, are subject to this societal influence. So, in turn, literary works are affected by the societies in which their writers live. This holds true whether or not a writerï¿½s pieces are set in that same society; even when writing about a new society, a fantastical society, or an old society, the quiet echoes of the authorï¿½s own society will always be present in the background. This trend can be best illustrated by reviewing stories that have been written by many different authors over many different historical periods. Although the number of stories that have survived retelling after retelling, century after century, is not large, there are isolated instances of stories that have been passed down and retold in almost every historical and literary period since the Middle Ages. Many of the Arthurian legends have exhibited this kind of survivorship. In particular, the story of the adulterous love affair between Sir Lancelot, Arthurï¿½s bravest knight, and Guinevere, Arthurï¿½s queen, has been included in some form in almost every Arthur story since it was first invented, in Chrï¿½tien de Troyesï¿½s "The Knight of the Cart." By following the evolution of how Lancelot and Guinevereï¿½s relationship is depicted in Arthurian legends through the ages, and comparing these depictions to the societies in which the legendsï¿½ writers were living, contemporary societyï¿½s importance on literary works can be demonstrated. Chrï¿½tien de Troyesï¿½s "The Knight of the Cart" Chrï¿½tien de Troyes wrote the first known story depicting the adulterous affair between Guinevere and Lancelot around the year 1170 (Weigand 7). The subject was not of his own choosing, but rather of his patronessï¿½s; in the second paragraph of this work he attests that "the subject matter and meaning are furnished and given him by the countess," that is, Marie de Champagne of France (Chrï¿½tien 207). Marie was the daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen of France during the early 12th century. When Eleanor and her husband Louis VII were divorced, she married Henry Plantagenet, who later became King Henry II ("Eleanor of Aquitaine"). With the power and influence she gained through being queen of two different countries during her lifetime, Eleanor was able to direct the artistic works that were being written in her court. She was especially fond of the works of traveling minstrels (called troubadours), because they romanticized and glorified women, waxing poetic on their beauty and charms (Whyland, "Troubadour"). Through patronizing such artists, Eleanor was almost single-handedly responsible for the creation of medieval romance. Marie, daughter of Eleanor and Louis, followed her motherï¿½s example, supporting her own legion of courtly writers and courtly lovers at her home in Champagne. Chrï¿½tien was just one of these writers, albeit one of the most well known today by virtue of the fact that he signed his works ("Marie de Champagne") "The Knight	Nell Gwyn - mistress of King Charles II "Pray good people be civil, I am the Protestant whore" was Nell Gwyn's cheeky retort to the masses pushing around her coach in the mistaken belief that it was that of the Duchess of Portsmouth, the Catholic Louise de Keroualle. 'Pretty, witty Nell' was perhaps the best known and remembered mistress of King Charles II. She was one of many (there were 13 in all during his lifetime), but she was the least 'greedy' of them all. When he lay dying he begged his heir, the Duke of York, "not to let poor Nellie starve". In her early teens, Nell Gwyn was engaged to sell oranges at the King's Theatre. Her natural wit and complete lack of self-consciousness caught the eye of the actor Charles Hart and others, and Dryden wrote plays to exploit her talents as a comic actress. She became Charles Hart's mistress, she called him Charles the First, and was then passed to Charles Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, whom she dubbed Charles the Second, and later the King, calling him her Charles the Third. Lady Castlemaine (Barbara Palmer) had been King Charles' mistress for many years when he became enamoured of Nell. The rivalry between Nell, Lady Castlemaine, Frances Stuart, Louise de Keroualle, Lucy Walters, Moll Davis and sundry others made the King's life difficult at times! Charles had 13 children by these 'ladies' and agreed to support the children he believed were his. He had doubts about some of Lady Castlemaine's children as he had caught her in a compromising position with John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough. Lady Castlemaine's last child, born 1672 was acknowledged to be Churchill's. Other ladies came and went - one Winifred Wells was a Maid of Honour. She was described as having the 'carriage of a goddess but the physiognomy of a dreamy sheep' ! Moll Davies, also an actress, had a child by the King. The child was known as Lady Mary Tudor. Moll was given a house in Suffolk Street and a ring worth £600 by the King before she fell from favour. Nell was not greedy and grasping like her rivals, but did receive a house near Pall Mall and when she first knew the King, she asked for just £500 a year! King Charles gave her a pension of £4000 a year from rents in Ireland and later another £5000 a year out of the Secret Service Fund. Towards the end of 1669 Nell withdrew from the stage because she was pregnant. The child was a boy: however her other son, born two years later, died. Unlike Charles' other mistresses, Nell never received a title herself, but by using clever tactics she obtained a title for her son. "Come here you little bastard" she is reputed to have said to her small son in the Kings presence. The King was horrified, but as Nell asked, "what should she call him, was not bastard true?" The King immediately made him Duke of St. Albans! When the King died in 1685 Nell's creditors descended upon her - she never did starve, but was in grave danger of being sent to a Debtors prison. She appealed to King James and to his credit, he settled her immediate debts and gave her a pension of £1500 a year. James asked in return that her son should become a Catholic but James was to be disappointed. Nell survived Charles by only two years and was only in her thirties when she died. She became a legend, the only royal mistress in English history to provoke popular affection. "She would not", she told a hopeful suitor in her colourful language that was part of her charm, "lay a dog where a deer laid"!	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,585	What name is given to the short bands of tough fibrous connective tissue composed mainly of long, stringy collagen fibres that connect bones to one another?	What is Connective Tissue? (with pictures) What is Connective Tissue? Last Modified Date: 08 December 2016 Copyright Protected: Top 10 facts about the world Connective tissue is one of the four traditionally classified types of biological tissue. There are many different kinds, and they mainly serve as structure and support, often connecting two other types of tissue to each other. This tissue usually derives from the mesoderm, the middle of three layers in an animal embryo . Its characteristics are largely derived from the extracellular matrix, non-living material that surrounds and supports the living cells. The older classification of this tissue had two subtypes: proper, which covered areolar and fibrous tissue, and specialized, which included bone, blood, cartilage , adipose (fat) tissue, and reticular tissue. The newer classification has four categories: loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage, and other. Loose connective tissue includes areolar, adipose, and reticular tissue. Areolar tissue is a mesh-like tissue with a fluid matrix that supports the epithelium, tissue that makes up the skin and other membranes. Adipose tissue is fat, which provides cushioning and insulation, lubrication in some areas, and energy storage. Reticular tissue is similar to areolar tissue, but contains only reticular fibers made of type-III collagen in its matrix. Reticular tissue supports a number of bodily structures, notably the organs of the lymphatic system. Dense connective tissue is divided into regular and irregular types. Both have a matrix composed mainly of collagen fibers, although dense regular tissue has a matrix of parallel collagen fibers. It is very strong and connects other tissue types to each other; tendons connect muscle to bone and ligaments connect bone to bone. Dense irregular tissue has irregularly arranged collagen fibers and comprises the lower layers of the dermis , or skin. Cartilage makes up nearly the entire skeleton of some animals, while in others, including humans, it serves mainly to cushion the joints. There are three types of cartilage: elastic , hyaline, and fibrocartilage. Elastic cartilage in rich in elastin and is found in the outer ear, the Eustachian tubes, and the epiglottis. Hyaline cartilage is characterized by a large amount of collagen and is the hardest type of cartilage. It is found on the ends on bones, in the nose and larynx , and between the ribs and sternum . Fibrocartilage contains even more collagen than hyaline cartilage, particularly type-I collagen. It is tough, heavy, white, and found in areas of high stress, such as the intervertebral discs. The "other" category includes bone, which makes up the majority of the skeleton in adult vertebrates; blood, which transports nutrients and hormones throughout the body; and lymphatic tissues, which help transport nutrients between the blood and other cells and produce immune cells. Ad Bill Benton Post 9 In a simplified scheme, connective tissue includes integument (skin), muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and various types of "filler material." It surprises me that some authorities omit muscles entirely. What were they thinking? Thomas H., D.C., Los Angeles anon110607 Post 7 @Bop66: A torn ligament takes a very long time to heal. If he had torn his ulnar ligament, it would take him at least 6 months to a year to heal. I suggest him not to play football because a torn ligament has to go through a processes of healing and regenerating. No, he should not play. If he keeps playing with a torn ligament, that ligament will take much longer to heal and it could cause a permanent damage to his axillary in the future. anon105756 Post 6 it was good but i want the definition of connective tissue, its classification groups then verification of its various groups. in short i want a full encyclopedia or total verification of connective tissue. anon91252 Post 5 Anon50566, there are several ways to deal with scar tissue. As mentioned in one of the above posts, the healing process should not be disturbed an	Gum disease and Periodontal words \| Meaning of dental words New York Periodontist New Jersey \| Manhattan, Queens, Nutley, Holmdel, Long Island Abscess: A localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues. Abutment: A tooth or implant used for the support or anchorage of a fixed or removable prosthesis. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis: Inflammation of the gingiva. Also known as Trench Mouth. Advanced periodontitis: Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Alveolar bone: Compact bone that composes the alveolus (tooth socket). Alveolus: The socket in the bone into which a tooth is attached by means of the periodontal ligament. Ankylosis: Solid fixation of a tooth, resulting from fusion of the tooth and alveolar bone. Apicoetomy: 1. The surgical removal of the apex of the tooth root. Most often done in conjunction with root canal therapy. 2. The excision of the apical portion of a tooth root through an opening made in the alveolar cortical bone for removal of a seat of infection. Apex: The anatomic end of the tooth root. Calculus: A hard deposit attached to the teeth, usually consisting of mineralized bacterial plaque. Candida: Yeast often found in association with oral disease such as ï¿½thrushï¿½. Caverous resorption: Bone loss leaving hollow spaces. Such resorption may appear on radiographs of teeth with vertical root fractures. Cementoenamel, Junction (CEJ): The area at which the enamel and cementum are united at the cervical region of the tooth. Cementum: A mineralized bone-like tissue that covers the tooth root and blends with the periodontal ligament to hold the tooth in place. Chlorhexidine: A biguanide antiseptic agent used to prevent colonization of micro-organisms on the surfaces of skin, mucous membranes, and teeth. Collagen: A main supportive protein of skin, bone and other connective tissues. Crater: A saucer-shaped defect of soft tissue or bone, often seen interdentally. CT graft (connective tissue): Gum tissue grafted to cosmetically correct gum defects. Curettage: Scraping or cleaning of the wall of a cavity or surface by means of instrumentation. Cusp: A notable pointed or rounded eminence on or near the masticating(chewing) surface of a tooth. Debridement: The removal of inflamed, devitalized, contaminated tissue or foreign material from or adjacent to a lesion. Decalcification: The removal of calcium salts from a bone or tooth. Dehiscence: Drainage site. Dental hygienist: A licensed, professional dental auxiliary who is both an oral health educator and clinician and who uses preventive, educational, and therapeutic methods to control oral disease. Dental plaque: A sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on the teeth. The bacteria in dental plaque is what causes periodontal disease. If plaque is not removed carefully each day by brushing and flossing, it becomes calculus. Dental prophylaxis: Teeth cleaning. Dentin: The chief substance or tissue forming the body of teeth. Dentition: Natural teeth in the dental arch: they may be primary or secondary teeth. Denture: An artificial substitute for missing natural teeth. A complete denture replaces all of the teeth in an arch. Distal wedge: A periodontal surgical procedure for removal of excessive soft tissue distal to a terminal molar and thus gain access to underlying bone. Edema: An abnormal swelling resulting from an accumulation of watery fluid in a tissue. Edentulous: Without teeth. Enamel: The hard calcified tissue covering the dentin of the crown portion of a tooth. Epithelium: The tissue serving as the lining of the intra-oral surfaces. It extends into the gingival crevice and adheres to the tooth at the base of the cervice. Etiology: The study of the causes of disease which results from an abnormal state producing pathological conditions. Evulsion: The sudden tearing out, or away, of tissue due to a traumatic episode. Excision: A cutting out: removal: the process of amputating or cutting away any portion of the b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,586	'The Fensman' was a regular train service from East Anglia to which London Mainline rail terminus?	London: Railway Stations - TripAdvisor London: Railway Stations Review a place you’ve visited JOIN We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for London each week. London Traveler Article: London is a city with twelve major railway stations around the central area of the city. Each station has train services to different regions of the country. Cannon Street: Local stopping services to South East London, and outer suburban services to Kent. Charing Cross: Services to Kent, and the south coast of England. Local stopping services to Lewisham, Blackheath/Greenwich and south east London. Euston: Terminus of West Coast Main Line - services to Birmingham (New Street), Manchester, Liverpool, the Lake District and Glasgow. Overnight sleeper trains to Scottish destinations (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Inverness and Fort William) also depart from Euston. Local stopping services to Watford, Milton Keynes and Northampton. Fenchurch Street : Local stopping services to East London suburbs and the Essex coast. Kings Cross: Terminus of East Coast Main Line - services to Peterborough, York, Leeds, Newcastle, Edinburgh and Aberdeen. Local stopping trains to North London suburbs, Hertfordshire and onwards to Cambridge. London Bridge : Local stopping services to South London suburbs as well as commuter services to Kent. Liverpool Street : Terminus of Great Eastern Main Line - services to East Anglia (Ipswich, Lowestoft and Norwich), local services to East London suburbs and the Essex coast. Express services to Stansted Airport. Service to Southend Airport Marylebone: Terminus of Chiltern Line - commuter services to Buckinghamshire towns, Banbury and Birmingham (Snow Hill) Paddington: Terminus of Great Western Main Line - services to Oxford, Swindon, Bath, Bristol and the South West of England. Also terminus for the Heathrow Express. St Pancras: Terminus of Midland Main Line and High Speed One - services to Luton (incl. Luton Airport), Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield. Eurostar international services to Paris (Gare du Nord) and Brussels. High Speed services to Kent (from December 2009) Victoria : Terminus of the Brighton Main Line - services to Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings. Local stopping services to South London suburbs. Waterloo : Terminus of the South Western Main line - services to Bournemouth, Southampton and towns along the Dorset coast. Eurostar trains run frequently to Brussels , Lille (France) & Paris via the Channel Tunnel from St Pancras International Station . Airports London City (LCY) London City is in East London in the old Docklands. There is a DLR (Docklands Light Railway) station which connects to the Jubilee Line Underground at Canning Town and the Central and Northern Lines at Bank. Heathrow (LHR) Heathrow is the worst served of all London ’s airports for rail links. A non-stop service call The Heathrow Express runs to Paddington Station, however this service is very expensive (about £16 single) even though the journey is only around 10-15 minutes. There is also a cheaper, less frequent service called The Heathrow Connect which runs the same route, but also stops at intermediate stations. Heathrow is the only London airport with an underground station. The Piccadilly Line runs from Heathrow to central London with stations at Earls Court, Piccadilly Circus and Covent Garden. Average journey time around 50 minutes, but can be quite unpleasant and overcrowded at peak times. There is also an easy change at Hammersmith for the District Line to Westminster. Gatwick (LGW ) Gatwick is served by the Gatwick Express with frequent departures direct to Victoria . There are also Southern Railway trains to Victoria or Brighton . These are normal trains and may be crowded at peak times. These are cheaper than the Express and some trains are just as quick. First Capital Connect trains also stop at Gatwick and these trains run from Brighton, in the south, to Luton or Bedford , in the north of London . They also stop at London Bridge and the basement level of St Pa	List of London Underground Lines and Stations List of London Underground Lines and Stations Line: Bakerloo Elephant & Castle Lambeth North Waterloo Embankment Charing Cross Piccadilly Circus Oxford Circus Regent's Park Baker Street Marylebone Edgware Road Paddington Warwick Avenue Maida Vale Kilburn Park Queen's Park Kensal Green Willesden Junction Harlesden Stonebridge Park Wembley Central North Wembley South Kenton Kenton Harrow & Wealdstone Line: Central Epping Theydon Bois Debden Loughton Buckhurst Hill Grange Hill Chigwell Roding Valley Woodford South Woodford Snaresbrook Hainault Fairlop Barkingside Newbury Park Gants Hill Redbridge Wanstead Leytonstone Leyton Stratford Mile End Bethnal Green Liverpool Street Bank St.Paul's Chancery Lane Holborn Tottenham Court Road Oxford Circus Bond Street Marble Arch Lancaster Gate Queensway Notting Hill Gate Holland Park Shepherd's Bush White City East Acton North Acton West Acton Ealing Broadway Hanger Lane Perivale Greenford Northolt South Ruislip Ruislip Gardens West Ruislip Line: Hammersmith & City Hammersmith Goldhawk Road Shepherd's Bush Latimer Road Ladbroke Grove Westbourne Park Royal Oak Paddington Edgware Road Baker Street Great Portland Street Euston Square King's Cross Farringdon Barbican Moorgate Liverpool Street Aldgate Tower Hill Aldgate East Whitechapel Line: Circle Tower Hill Aldgate Liverpool Street Moorgate Barbican Farringdon King's Cross Euston Square Great Portland Street Baker Street Edgware Road Paddington Bayswater Notting Hill Gate High Street Kensington Gloucester Road South Kensington Sloane Square Victoria St.James's Park Westminster Embankment Temple Blackfriars Mansion House Cannon Street Monument Line: District Upminster Upminster Bridge Hornchurch Elm Park Dagenham East Dagenham Heathway Becontree Upney Barking East Ham Upton Park Plaistow West Ham Bromley-by-Bow Bow Road Mile End Stepney Green Whitechapel Aldgate East Tower Hill Monument Cannon Street Mansion House Blackfriars Temple Embankment Westminster St. James's Park Victoria Sloane Square South Kensington Gloucester Road High Street Ken. Earl's Court West Brompton Fulham Broadway Parsons Green Putney Bridge East Putney Southfields Wimbledon Park Wimbledon West Kensington Barons Court Hammersmith Ravenscourt Park Stamford Brook Turnham Green Gunnersbury Kew Gardens Richmond Chiswick Park Acton Town Ealing Common Ealing Broadway Line: East London New Cross New Cross Gate Surrey Quays Rotherhithe Wapping Shadwell Whitechapel Shoreditch Line: Jubilee Stanmore Canons Park Queensbury Kingsbury Wembley Park Neasden Dollis Hill Willesden Green Kilburn West Hampstead Finchley Road Swiss Cottage St.John's Wood Baker Street Bond Street Green Park Westminister Waterloo Southwark London Bridge Bermondsy Canada Water Canary Wharf Canning Town West Ham Stratford Line: Metropolitan Aldgate Liverpool Street Moorgate Barbican Farringdon King's Cross Euston Square Great Portland Street Baker Street Finchley Road Wembley Park Preston Road Northwick Park Marylebone Harrow-on-the-hill West Harrow Rayners Lane Eastcote Ruislip Manor Ruislip Ickenham Hillingdon Uxbridge North Harrow Pinner Northwood Hills Northwood Moor Park Croxley Watford Rickmansworth Chorleywood Chalfont Latimer Chesham Amersham Line: Northen Morden South Wimbledon Colliers Wood Tooting Broadway Tooting Bec Balham Clapham South Clapham Common Clapham North Stockwell Oval Kennington Elephant Castle Borough London Bridge Bank Moorgate Old Street Angel King's Cross Waterloo Embankment Charing Cross Leicester Square Tottenham Court Road Goodge Street Warren Street Euston Mornington Crescent Camden town Kentish Town Tufnell Park Archway Highgate East Finchley Finchley Central Mill Hill East West Finchley Woodside Park Totteridge Hiigh Barnet Chalk Farm Belsize Park Hampstead Golders Green Brent Cross Hendon Central Colindale Burnt Oak Edgeware Line: Picadilly Cockfosters Oakwood Southgate Arnos Grove Bounds Green Wood Green Turnpike Lane Manor House Finsbury Park Arsenal Holloway Road Caledonian Road King's Cross Russell Square Holborn Cove	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,587	Which language is common to Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism?	Hindu Customs in Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism - Socio-cultural Interchange between Religious Communities in India _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ India is the birthplace of many religions, Hinduism , Buddhism , Jainism and Sikhism are all progeny of this part of our globe. But they are not the only religions that exist here. Adherents of Christianity , Islam , Zoroastrianism and Judaism also to be found in India. Over countless generations there has been significant exchange of customs,, traditions, beliefs, rltuals, etc., between these different religions Such an exchange is not peculiar to India and has been occuring the world over throughout the past. In India though, the existence of many religions in the same social environment created a situation favourable for such an interchange of customs and rituals. The other fact that some religions existing in India are offspring of the amalgam of beliefs that co-existed under the heading Hinduism. This has also led to the presence of many features of the parent religion in the offspring religions. At times this has blurred the line dividing Hinduism from the offspring religions leading occasionally to tension of the offspring religions with their parent. One instance of this is the ire against the constitution of India wherein the term 'Hindu' includes Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. But interchange of customs and rituals has taken place even between religions originating in India and those brought into India from other parts of our globe. This interchange has also been a massive one for the reason that that apart from the fusion of customs as a result of co-existence of different forms of worship, the adherents of religions originating in other parts of the globe like Christianity and Islam are largely converts from Hinduism. This does not apply in the case of Zoroastrianism and Judaism as these two religions have tended to be insular and have jealously guarded against the entry of members of other faiths by way of conversion. But even then they display many traits which they have absorbed from other religions especially Hinduism. Although this interchange has been quite substantial, it has not succeeded in bringing about identity in many important respects. Communal riots are still not a thinq of the past, sectarian feelings are still very much with as and there normally run counter to the spirit of nationalism and secularism. The result of this is perhaps India's having the dubious distinction of being a Secular society without a common civil code. For an appraisal of contemporary Indian society to be complete we ought to examine the nature and genesis of the different religions that exist around us, and also the extent to which they have influenced each other. To obtain an insisght into every religion, we shall briefly state the history of every religion since its inception, what it has borrowed from other faiths and what it has lent to it. We start with the religion which is not only professed by a vast majority in India, but has also been the birthplace for many customs found in other religious communities in India. HINDUISM A student of Hinduism can be compared with one of those blind-folded wise men who set about to examine an elephant by touching it and came up with totally different ideas about what the elephant looked like, none of which were factual. Hinduism is like a multifarious ocean of beliefs and modes of worship with an indeterminate origin. It comprises within itself the most sublime philosophies and gross fetishism of all kinds of objects which are worshipped. This is one religion with a history stretching from around the second millennium B.C.E. upto the present. The Pantheism of Hinduism A contemporary author has observed, "As a matter of fact orthodox Hindus have believed in every kind of theism, polytheism, and pantheism. They have worshipped any object which they prefer, or practically none. They followed any standard of morality or almost no	3 Forms of Buddhism 3 Forms of Buddhism Many forms of Buddhism are actually practiced around the world. Buddhists don’t all follow the same teachings and the same texts. The core principles stay the same but different important aspects are observed in each type. Each form is also subdivided into schools . Map Of Buddhism in the World Theravada Buddhism is also known as the doctrine of the elders, Southern Buddhism or Ancient Teaching. The main text used by this school is the Pali Canon. The main area of influence includes the following countries: Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Burma (Myanmar). They have about 100 million followers and are gaining ground in Singapore, Vietnam and the Western world. This form of Buddhism is characterized by its orthodoxy. They are considered to be the closest to the teaching of Buddha and the text they use- the Pali Canon- is the oldest surviving Buddhist text. Their beliefs are that each individual can attain enlightenment by himself and the best way to do this is by joining the monastic way of life as it allows for an ideal setting to dedicate one’s life to the Dharma. Lay people have a role to play also and it is partly comprised of Merit Making actions including: offering food and other basic necessities to monks making donations to temples and monasteries burning incense or lighting candles before images of the Buddha chanting verses from the Pali Canon act as trustees or custodians for their temples taking part in the financial planning and management of the temple volunteer significant time in tending to the mundane needs of local monks Monks gain merit by practicing mindfulness, meditation, and chanting. In the Pali Sutra, the Buddha instructs the followers to follow concentration as it is a tool he used to attain nirvana. Thus, the Theravada Buddhist practice these form of meditation: Anapanasati (Green and white on the map) (Green and white on the map) Mahāyāna is also called the Great Vehicle, Bodhisattvayāna or the Bodhisattva Vehicle. It is the larger of the two major traditions of Buddhism existing today, the other being that of the Theravāda school. It is also the origin of the Vajrayana form. It is mostly popular in China, Japan , Korea, Vietnam, and Mongolia and spread very widely in the west. Major traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism today include Zen (Chán), Pure Land, Tiantai,(Tendai in Japan) Nichiren , and Esoteric Buddhism (Shingon, Tibetan Buddhism (although we further separate them below)). The beliefs: Mahayana Buddhism prones liberation of suffering for all sentient beings. Where Theravada focuses on individual enlightenment, Mahayana preaches that Buddhas and Bodhisattvas are here to help us attain collective illumination. Thus they believe in supernatural bodhisattvas who devote themselves to the perfections, ultimate knowledge, and the liberation of all sentient beings. The Buddha is seen as the ultimate, highest being, present in all times, in all beings, and in all places, and the bodhisattvas come to represent the universal ideal of altruistic excellence. It is difficult to talk about an unified canon for the Mahayana tradition as it is often assimilated by local beliefs and traditions. In Japan, it has incorporated some local Shinto beliefs and some Shamanism. Thus, when observed under this angle, it becomes incorrect to refer Buddhism as a non-religion in the Mahayana tradition because of the gods that were later added and all the powers attributed to the different Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Vajrayana is in fact part of the Mahayana school but because its emphasis on tantrism, it is often cited as a different school. It is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Lamaism, Mantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and the Diamond Vehicle. It is mostly active in Tibet and Japan , and in China, to some extent. Vajrayana is a school of esoteric knowledge, secret rituals, mudras and mantras. It teaches that in order to access esoteric knowledge, the practitioner requires initiation from a skilled spiritual teacher or guru. Rituals are an important	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,588	To within two years either way, when did Rupert Bear first appear in the Daily Express?	Bookride: Rupert Annual 1973 Rupert Annual 1973 (Alfred Bestall.) THE RUPERT ANNUAL.The Daily Express, London 1973. Current Selling Prices $20,000+/£10000+ Rupert annuals are a popular series published by the 'Daily Express'. I am not sure whether today's children read them much but I remember them as magical books and alot of kids read them into their teens. Grown ups now pay serious money for the right ones. Some people found them slightly scary, but they would probably now find some of Harry Potter's encounters frightening. They still appear every day in the Express. Certainly they are highly collectable in England and possibly by British expats all over the globe. At the excellent World Collector's net they have a good guide to all Rupert collectables -not just books but records, 'plush' bears, various games, jigsaws and Lledo diecast vans, string puppets, and the Bendy Toys' rubber Rupert which could be posed in various ways. There are also many badges and brooches and 'pins.' Of the books they say: A lady called Mary Tourtel was the creator of Rupert, and her first cartoon strip appeared in the Daily Express on the 8th November 1920. The little bear, in many ways similar to today's character though a bit more 'bear-like', and with baggier trousers, was shown setting out to the shops in the village of Nutwood. The caption was in verse. Mary designed many of Rupert's chums, too, including Bill Badger, Podgy Pig and Edward Trunk and dreamt up the strange, almost surreal world of Nutwood which featured people in medieval dress wandering amongst a mix of incongruities such as clothed animals (who often kept unclothed animals as pets), 'normal' humans, and weird scientific inventions. Mary was fond of using magic to whisk her bear hero away from trouble; her successor, the much-respected Alfred Bestall who took over in 1935, relied on proper twists in the plot. He also introduced a host of new characters, such as Pong-Ping, Bingo Pup, the Professor, Merboy and Tigerlily. Alfred drew the stories up till 1965, and his last adventure was 'Rupert and the Winkybickies', though he continued to work on the annuals. In 1973, he was upset when a white Rupert was featured on the cover, rather than the traditional brown. Alfred had planned his beautiful painting around a brown bear, and felt there was no contrast between the white Rupert and the pale sky behind him. He was also aware that, artistically, there should have been a shadow on Rupert's face. To appease the artist, a handful of annuals from that year were printed with a brown Rupert, and today, to discover a 1973 annual with a brown-faced Rupert is a collector's dream. VALUE? A fine copy is appearing in auction at Duke's of Dorchester this week. It is estimated at £5000 to £7000. Another copy in a lot is estimated at £5000 to £8000. The fact that that there are two might give a hardened dealer pause for thought as there are only supposed to be about 15 in existence. Duke's, in a slightly different version of the tale, say: 'Alfred Bestall was asked to provide the cover illustration for the 1973 annual and as per his earlier designs, gave Rupert his usual brown face whilst the illustrations within the annual show Rupert with a white face. After printing a small run of the annual, the Express decided to alter Bestall's original colourings of Rupert, changing him from brown to white at the request of many young readers who could not understand why Rupert was brown on the cover but white inside. Bestall was incensed at this decision and never illustrated another cover for the Express. The remaining run of the 1973 annual with a white faced Rupert on the cover continued to use Bestall's signature but the publishers altered the colour of the signature to disguise it in an attempt to appease Bestall. The limited number of brown faced 1973 annuals printed makes this annual particularly rare and only 12 others are believed to exist.' I shall watch this auction and report back. Early Rupert annuals can fetch good money and the 1936 annual can currently be found on the web in a j	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2012 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Specialist Rounds 21 February 2012 Tonight’s specialist questions have been set by the Puss In Boots, and vetted by the Albion. Entertainment: Radio Ha Ha Q1. What four unimaginative new names were given to the Home Service, Light and Third Programmes and their associated services following a reorganisation on 30 September 1967? A1. BBC Radios 1, 2, 3 and 4 [all four station names required]. Q2. The Mary Whitehouse Experience was Radio 1’s first attempt at a comedy series in 1989. The four original writers included Rob Newman and Hugh Dennis. Name one of the other two who went on to TV fame? A2. David Baddiel or Steve Punt Q3. The Million Pound Radio Show that aired in the mid-1980s launched the career of which TV funny man that went on to make ‘loadsamoney’? A3. Harry Enfield Q4. Which long-running topical television panel game was a taken from an idea first tested by Radio 4’s The News Quiz? A4. Have I Got News for You Q5. What was peculiar about Radio 4’s eight-and-a-half hour continuous broadcast on Boxing Day 2000? A5. Uninterrupted and unabridged reading of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (because JK Rowling refused to let it be serialised). Q6. Jack Dee now gives the panel members of I’m Sorry I Haven’t A Clue silly things to do, but whose famous jazz-trumpet playing shoes did he fill? A6. Humphrey Lyttelton Q7. Where is the radio show Old Harry’s Game set? A7. Hell Q8. Who wrote The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, originally a radio comedy, first broadcast in 1978? A8. Douglas Adams Supplementaries Q9. In which BBC Radio programme could you have found the characters Neddie, Eccles, Min, Major Bloodknock and Count Moriarty? A9. The Goon Show Q10. Mark Steel presenter of Mark Steel’s in Town, also writes a column for which national daily newspaper? A10. The Independent or the "i" Geography Q1. The Oresund bridge joins two European countries - name either of them. A1. Sweden or Denmark Q2. Which river separates Devon and Cornwall? A2. Tamar Q3. Which Motorway links Glasgow and Edinburgh? A3. M8 Q4. Which Motorway links Coventry and Leicester? A4. M69 Q5. Which is the only English port offering passenger ferry services to the Republic of Ireland? A5. Liverpool Q6. Which is the only English port offering passenger ferry services to Scandinavia? A6. Harwich (runs to Esbjerg in Denmark) Q7. Which British National Park has the longest Coastline? A7. Pembrokeshire Coast (260 miles) Q8. Near which British city would you find the mumbles? A8. Swansea Q9. What is the highest denomination Euro banknote available? A9. 500 Euro Q10. St Davids, St Thomas and St James Park are all railway stations in which British City? A10. Exeter Q1. Who was the maternal grandmother of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany? A1. Queen Victoria of Great Britain Q2. What was St Petersburg known as between 1914 and 1924? A2. Petrograd [and then Leningrad until 1991 but I specifically want “Petrograd”] Q3. Who was Chancellor of West Germany at the time of its reunification with East Germany? A3. Helmut Kohl Q4. The Falange were a far right wing group holding power from the 1930s to 1970s in which European country? A4. Spain Q5. In which year did Ted Heath's Government impose the "Three Day Week"? A5. 1974 [leeway 1973-1975] Q6. Which British Prime Minister lived at Chartwell in Kent from 1924 to 1965? A6. Winston Churchill Q7. Apart from West Germany and France, name one other of the founding members in 1952 of the European Coal and Steel Community? A7. Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg Q8. In 1963, which French president vetoed the UK's application to join the European Economic Community? A8. Charles De Gaulle Supplementaries Q9. What was the name of the trade union that went on strike at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk in 1980? A9. Solidarity ("Solidarnosc" if anyone can remember the Polish). Q10. What is the name of the Bosnian town, infamous as the site of the July 1995 mass murders perpetrated by Ratko Mladic's forces? A10. Srebrenica [pronounced Sreb-ren-it	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,589	In the computer term pdf, for what does the d stand?	PDF - What does PDF stand for? The Free Dictionary PDF - What does PDF stand for? The Free Dictionary http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/PDF Portable Document Format (Adobe Acrobat) PDF Portable Data Format (common but incorrect) PDF Portable Data File (common but incorrect) PDF Printer Description File (File Name Extension) PDF Package Definition File (Microsoft Systems Management Server) PDF Pakistan Development Forum (international consortium) PDF Playa del Fuego (art festival) PDF Permanent Defence Force (Irish Army) PDF Postscript Document Format (common but incorrect) PDF Peoples' Democratic Front (Communist Party of India) PDF Planetary Defence Force (Warhammer 40,000) PDF Path Diversity with Forward Error Correction PDF I Profumi Di Firenze (Italian perfume) PDF Premier Diesel Fuel (low sulfur diesel) PDF Publico Decreto Fecerunt (Latin: Made by Public Decree, epigraphy) PDF Paranormal Dampening Field (remote viewing) PDF PDF Path Delay Fault (electronics) Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Write what you mean clearly and correctly. References in periodicals archive ? Acrobat Elements Server supports Adobe PDF conversion from numerous desktop file types, including Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, Corel WordPerfect, Adobe Photoshop and many popular image formats. Adobe introduces Acrobat Elements Server for enterprise-wide PDF creation Starting with PDF-Pro, PDF document creation software, ePapyrus will continuously develop and provide high quality electronic document software from document creation to distribution, sharing and management. Nuance Emerges as the Leading PDF Alternative to Adobe Acrobat, Surpassing One Million Seat Milestone Bluebeam has also implemented new features to satisfy the needs of the Legal, Financial and Government industries including built-in PDF redaction for permanently deleting confidential or sensitive text and images, Bates Stamping, markup summary reports formatted for MS Excel, and PDF document editing. Bluebeam(R) Software Releases Bluebeam PDF Revu(R) v.5.0 The need for effective redaction capabilities for PDF documents has been recently highlighted by a series of high-profile cases where sensitive information was inadvertently left in the PDF file by corporate, government and military agencies using the Internet and PDF to more broadly share redacted documents.	Glossary of Computer Related Terms Glossary of Computer Related Terms The following terms and definitions were collected from the web sites. Credit belongs to the original authors, especially to Peter Day, from whose glossary most of the terms were collected. A access The reading or writing of data; as a verb, to gain entry to data. Most commonly used in connection with information access, via a user ID, and qualified by an indication as to the kinds of access that are permitted. For example, read-only access means that the contents of the file may be read but not altered or erased. Access Control List (ACL) A list of the services available on a server, each with a list of the hosts permitted to use the service. access time The time interval between the instant that data is requested and the instant that it is received. account Your subscription to a networked computer system. account name Same as your login ID or user ID. The word you type at the "Login:" prompt; your electronic name. address A character or group of characters that identify a register, a location or some other data source or destination. aggregate n. A total created from smaller units. For instance, the population of a county is an aggregate of the populations of the cities, rural areas, etc. that comprise the county. v. To total data from smaller units into a large unit. Example: "The Census Bureau aggregates data to preserve the confidentiality of individuals." aggregate data Data that have been aggregated. algorithm A set of rules for solving a problem in a given number of steps. alias See nickname. analog A method of storing information, used by most audiotapes, videotapes and laserdiscs (and all LP phonograph records, remember those?). An analog device uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, to represent the value of a number. By contrast, digital storage relies on a coding system of numeric units. Application Layer Layer seven of the OSI reference model. It serves as a means by which applications access communications services. application The use to which a data processing system is put within a given discipline, such as a payroll application, an airline reservation application or a network application. application program A program that is written for or by a user that applies to the users discipline. application software A group of programs designed to perform tasks that can be tailored to a users specific needs. archive v. To copy programs and data onto an auxiliary storage medium (disk, tape,etc.) for long-term retention, such as when disk space has become full. n. A file with a structure that allows storage of multiple files within it in such a way that the names of the files can be listed and files can be individually added and deleted. The terminology is typically associated with microcomputers. On a mainframe, such a file is typically called a library. argument A value supplied to a procedure, macro, subroutine, or command that is required in order to evaluate that procedure, macro, subroutine, or command. Synonymous with parameter. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced ask-ee). The form in which text characters are handled in most computer systems and networks. ASCII text has no special characters for formatting such as underlined or bold characters, font changes, etc., thus can be viewed on any personal computer or terminal. assembler A program that converts symbolically-coded programs into object level, machine code. In an assembler program, unlike a compiler, there is a one-to-one correspondence between human-readable instructions and the machine-language code. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A standard for cell relay that uses fixed length cells of 53 bytes, 5 bytes of which are headers. Can support multiple services including voice, video and data. ATM Forum An industry-wide effort that is now an international consortium of more than 400 companies who define ATM interoperability specifications and promote industry-wide cooperation to help proliferate ATM and thus drive implementation cost	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,590	Founded on June 13, 1942, Wild Bill Donovan headed what wartime intelligence agency that eventually became the CIA?	Truman on CIA — Central Intelligence Agency Examining President Truman's role in the establishment of the Agency TRUMAN ON CIA Thomas F. Troy President Harry S. Truman had his own version of his role in the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency. He once summed it up this way: "I got a couple of admirals together and they formed" the CIA. 1 Another time he was quoted as describing the CIA as "his invention." 2 Again, while still President, he told a CIA audience: "I ... suggested [to Admiral William D. Leahy] that there should be a Central Intelligence Agency," and consequently "The Admiral and I proceeded to try to work out a program. 3 In Truman's most extended account, in his Memoirs, he related how he discovered the lack of coordinated intelligence in Washington, asked what was being done about it, solicited advice, issued what he referred to as an "Executive Order," and — presto! — then began to receive a "daily digest" of information first from his Central Intelligence Group (CIG) and then, when CIG was "renamed" in the National Security Act of 1947, from his CIA. 4 That was his view of the event — "one of his proudest accomplishments," according to daughter Margaret. 5 Unfortunately, Truman's version is the only one left to the public by anyone involved in the event. Until recently, there was little scholarly interest in the subject, and in any case there was little unclassified primary source material on which scholars could work. They could only make passing remarks about Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt, "Wild Bill" Donovan, and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), sink their teeth into a few unexciting public documents such as the 1947 Act itself and then happily pick up Truman's first-hand account. Of late, moreover, scholars and writers alike have been so hard pressed to keep up with daily publicity about CIA's alleged deeds and misdeeds that again they can only fall back on Harry Truman for a few necessary introductory remarks about CIA's origins. His view, in short, has become gospel, and not surprisingly he himself is generally credited with providing "the real impetus" 6 to the creation of CIA. Unfortunately again, Truman's version is not quite accurate or adequate. The result is that it does little justice to the decade of intelligence history that preceded Truman, to the creative genius of Donovan, and to the administrative trailblazing of Roosevelt. Also, Truman's account — especially as related in a 1963 syndicated article to which we shall come later — has left an erroneous account of the original character and functions of the Agency. Hence an examination of the records now available will not only set the record straight and do justice to Donovan and Roosevelt, but also provide helpful illumination on the origins of certain elements of the CIA character in which there is considerable current interest. A "Calamitous" Prospect Today the United States has an "intelligence community" of which the members are CIA, State, Defense, the FBI, Treasury, and the former Atomic Energy Commission, now the Energy Research and Development Administration. To this community, the Director of Central Intelligence is central. For the greater part of the nation's history, however, there has been no community, no center, and not even the parts with which to make a community. For the first hundred years, organized intelligence, both overt and clandestine, was at best a tolerable wartime necessity, a peacetime "no-no," a thing without permanent status or organization in the American governmental system. The situation changed significantly in the 1880s, a decade which coincidentally saw the birth of three men central to this story — Donovan, Roosevelt, and Truman. First the Navy and then the War Department, responding to technological and organizational changes, copied European nations by establishing on a regular, peacetime basis the country's first naval and military intelligence services — the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) in 1882 and in 1885 the Military Intelligence Division (G2), as they were know	TRIVIA - HISTORICAL TRIVIA - HISTORICAL ` History Trivia What was a ship called the Ancon the first to travel through, on August 15, 1914? The Panama Canal. What fighter pilot flew World War I missions with his Great Dane "Moritz" next to him in the cockpit? Monfred von Richthofen, or " The Red Baron". What country lost 17.2 percent of its population in World War II? Poland. What deranged Roman emperor had a name that meant "little boot"? Caligula. What Pakistani was the first head of state in the 20th century to give birth in office? Benazir Bhutto. What two-word term describes the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning f the Renaissance? Middle Ages. What newspaper won a Pulitzer for its Watergate coverage? The Washington Post. Who described the impending Persian Gulf ground war as "the mother of all battles"? Saddam Hussein. What ship's lookout was miffed when his request for binoculars was denied in 1912? The Titanic's. What big-league baseball prospect was jailed in Cuba from 1953 to 1955 before going on to bigger things? Fidel Castro. Who saw the turtleneck he wore at cease-fire talks in Bosnia fetch $5,000 at auction? Jimmy Carter. What brave-hearted Scottish patriot led soldiers to a defeat of the English at the Battle of Cambuskenneth in 1297? William Wallace. What nation issued the five-dollar bill found in Abraham Lincoln's pocket when he was shot? The Confederate States of America. What Argentinean was buried in a Milan cemetery under the pseudonym Maria Maggi? Eva Peron. What Polish political movement got the support of Pope John Paul II in the 1980s? Solidarity. What war lasted from June 5, 1967 to June 10, 1967? The Six-Day War. Who was the longest-reigning Arab ruler, through 1995? King Hussein of Jordan. What famous Swiss citizen said of nuclear bombs: "If I had known, I would have become a watchmaker"? Albert Einstein. What nation was bounced from the Organization of American States in 1962? Cuba. What's the Islamic Resistance Movement better known as to Palestinians? Hamas. Who was the first president of the National Organization for Women, in 1966? Betty Freidan. Who tooled around Chicago during Prohibition in a car bearing the license plate "EN-1"? Eliot Ness. Who cross-examined the victims in the trial against Long Island Railroad shooter Colin Ferguson? Colin Ferguson. What beating victim's 23-lawyer defense team handed the city of Los Angeles a bill for $4.4 million? Rodney King's. What can Germans publicly deny the existence of to earn five years in prison? The Holocaust. What French explorer was murdered by his crew after he spent two years failing to locate the mouth of the Mississippi? Robert La Salle. Who's believed by many to be buried in Downpatrick under a tombstone marked with the letter "P"? St. Patrick. What controversial crime fighter did Elvis Presley call "the greatest living American"? J. Edgar Hoover. What cavalryman's bonehead moves included leaving four Gatling guns behind, in 1876? George Armstrong Custer's. Who wrote in 1774 that "no thinking man" in America wanted independence from England? George Washington. What country was Adolf Hitler born in? Austria. What Ohio city was the 1995 Bosnian peace accord signed in? Dayton. What Persian Gulf warrior called his young majors in charge of combat operations "Jedi Knights"? Norman Schwarzkopf. What horse-loving future president cheated on an eye exam to join the cavalry reserves in the 1930s? Ronald Reagan. What president opined: "Once you get into this great stream of history you can't get out"? Richard Nixon. What name has been shared by the most popes? John. What leader ruled an area that stretched from the North Sea to central Italy at the onset of the ninth century? Charlemagne. What did Hirohito refer to as a "tragic interlude," during a 1975 U.S. visit? World War II. What nationality was Gavrilo Princip, who set off World War I by assassinating Archduke Ferdinand? Serbian. What 17th century English Lord Protector's severed head was finally buried	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,591	How many people take part in the dance of a quadrille?	Social Music in 19th Century Kalamazoo - Kalamazoo Public Library Social Music in 19th Century Kalamazoo “Tripping the Light Fantastic” Before the days of the big bands; before jazz and ragtime ; while military bands ruled street parades and open air concerts, Kalamazoo’s many dance orchestras filled nineteenth century assembly halls and ballrooms with the sweet strains of the latest popular numbers. From weddings and private gatherings to public dance parties and elaborate benefit balls, dancers “tripped it on the light fantastic toe” with the cotillion, the quadrille, the polka, the scottische, lancers, mazurkas, minuettes and waltzes. White and Sherwood's Band (White’s Quadrille Band), ca. 1880. (W. S White: far right) History Room Photograph File P-572 “Is dancing sinful? I am not able to say: but one thing is certain—people dance now-a-days.” —Kalamazoo Gazette, 23 November 1849 The Great Dance Debate But dancing in public was not without its opponents. Religious conservatives in America were harshly critical of amusements such as dancing during the early nineteenth century. Many viewed such activities as acts of sinful indulgence; indeed the very downfall of society itself. Of all, the waltz was seen as especially scandalous. Dancing could be (albeit reluctantly) viewed as “proper” if the partners only touched hands (perhaps even gloved), as with the minuet. But the waltz required close bodily contact with a member of the opposite sex in public, and that was simply unacceptable. “Modern square dances must be condemned not only for the pleasure which comes from this close contact, but also because they are misnamed so that they may deceive some by covering the filth of round dancing.” —Beryl “It is deplorable that dancing, and amusements of nearly all kinds, should have fallen under the ban of the clergy, and should be preached against as sinful. It is a most elegant and exhilarating exercise.” —Kalamazoo Gazette, 11 April 1851 “...no amusement with which we are acquainted, brings into exercise, at the same moment, so many of our best faculties as that of dancing.” —Kalamazoo Gazette, 16 March 1849 A Working Nation And it wasn’t only the faith-based who sometimes found fault with dancing. The American frontier during the early nineteenth century was a working world, and such activities as music and dance were viewed as a senseless diversion away from what were perhaps “more worthy” pursuits. Proponents attempted to counteract the dissent by promoting dance as a healthful form of exercise. “A New Era is Dawning” Despite—or perhaps because of—the objections of some, dancing continued to grow in popularity. As public perception changed over time, dancing eventually became an acceptable and enjoyable form of amusement and social interaction. “The ball-room and theatre are now denounced as sinks of inequity and sin. But a new era is dawning... Who would object to the delightful and elegant amusement of dancing, when practiced under the influence of pious sentiments, and regulated with a pious regard to health and morals?” —Kalamazoo Gazette, 9 March 1849 “The Simple Amusements of Other Times” Kalamazoo Gazette, 25 December 1840 During the 1830s and 1840s, “when pastime went hand and hand with usefulness,” Kalamazoo’s early villagers celebrated planting time in the spring and held quilting bees and corn husking parties in the fall—seemingly useful and fun activities. From the assembly room at Johnson Patrick’s Hotel to the ballrooms at Wilder’s River House and John Green’s Silver Creek House, Kalamazoo buzzed with excitement as dancers and onlookers enjoyed occasional evenings of music and merriment. Contra Dance and Cotillion Parties Kalamazoo Gazette, 2 December 1842 Contra dance, a style of partnered folk dance, was especially popular in the United States until the mid-nineteenth century. Couples faced off in parallel lines opposite—or contra to—their partners and danced according to instructions given by a “caller.” Contra dance eventually gave way to other forms like the cotillion, the quadrille, and eventually, t	Arthur Bliss - Checkmate (1937) - Music Sales Classical Arthur Bliss Checkmate (1937) BRIEF PROGRAMME NOTE The ballet, on the theme of a warlike game of chess, never fails to capture the imagination with its struggle between the opposing forces of Love and Death. It was originally choreographed by Ninette de Valois. PROGRAMME NOTE Checkmate was written at the request of the Sadler's Wells Ballet for their visit to Paris in 1937. Bliss chose the game of Chess as the subject for his ballet and wrote his own scenario. It was choreographed by Dame Ninette de Valois who knew nothing about chess so Bliss had to explain the rules and show the characteristic moves of the pieces. In the original castlist it is interesting to note such names as Frederick Ashton, Robert Helpmann and Margot Fonteyn. The conductor was Constant Lambert. SYNOPSIS 1. Prologue - The Players. The mood of the ballet is set by the sombre opening prelude. As the curtain rises we see two players sitting motionless on a raised dais with a chessboard between them. The Golden Player removes his visor disclosing the features of Love. The Black Player slowly strips his gauntlet disclosing the skeleton arm of Death. They turn the board three times to see who makes the first move; Love wins and raises a red pawn to his heart. The lights dim and the curtains slowly close. 2. Dance of the Red Pawns. The curtain rises again and the stage is now set up as a giant chessboard. The Red Pawns enter in this predominantly buoyant and cheerful movement which contrasts strongly with the ominous threats of the prologue. 3. Dance of the Four Knights. The two Red Knights enter to a wide-leaping angular theme with prominent syncopated rhythms followed by the two Black Knights where a rushing semiquaver figure with prominent triplets are the main feature. The Red Knights challenge the Black Knights to a display of daring and the tension is brilliantly built up until a boldly defiant climax is reached and the Black Queen enters. 4. Entry of the Black Queen. Bliss shows a wide range of expression throughout the ballet, and contrasting with the hectic climax of the Knights' dance is the music of seductive beauty for the Black Queen played by the clarinet. The first Red Knight is hypnotised by her beauty and as she leaves the stage with her escort, she throws him a black rose. 5. The Red Knight's Mazurka. This is the only section of the ballet which bears the name of a formal dance as the Red Knight dances an exuberant solo. After a dramatic figure is played on the timpani three Red pawns enter carrying the banners of the Red Knights and then take up ceremonial positions to receive the two Red Bishops. 6. Ceremony of the Red Bishops. This follows without a break as a church bell anticipates the stately entry of the Bishops. It is a lyrical interlude well placed before the tension of the ballet begins to rise. 7. Entry of the Red Castles. The two Red Castles burst upon the stage with long strides. They represent the machinery of war and convey the impression that Force must be the final arbiter. During the final bars the Red Knights, Bishops and Pawns prepare for the arrival of the Red King and Queen whose approach is signalled by a fanfare figure on the brass. 8. Entry of the Red King and Queen. Without a break in the music the weak and feeble King enters accompanied by the Queen. They are the inadequate centrepieces of the Red line-up and make their way slowly to the throne at the back of the stage to music of wistful character and rhythmic instability. All the pieces have now assembled and the game may begin. 9. The Attack. begins in an exultant mood with brass fanfares and the sound of castanets giving an indication of the bustle at this early stage of the contest. The stage is alive with the intricate manoeuvres of the chess battle until a forceful climax is reached (brass figure over tremulo strings) as the Black Queen puts the Red King into Check. Helplessly, the King looks for assistance and summons up the Red Bishops (return of their stately theme) b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,592	Which northern England city was flooded by torrential rain on on 25 June 2007?	Under Water - Photo 6 - Pictures - CBS News Under Water Prince Charles speaks with local resident Russell Baxter during a visit to flood affected areas on June 29, 2007, in Catcliffe near Sheffield, England. The area has been ravaged by floods for two weeks. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Daniel Berehulak A caravan sits in flood water in Upton on Severn near Worcester, England, Thursday, June 28, 2007. The UK Met (weather) Office has issued weather warnings of very heavy rain for the weekend, leading to more flooding and continued disruptions in parts of the country. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Matt Cardy Flood defenses surround the Plough Inn in Upton on Severn near Worcester, England, on Thursday, June 28, 2007. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Matt Cardy Ducks pass a sign in a flooded residential street in Upton on Severn near Worcester, England, Thursday, June 28, 2007. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Matt Cardy Debris floats in flood waters at Worcestershire Cricket Ground in Worcester, England, on Thursday, June 28 2007. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Matt Cardy Horses are rescued from fields near Derby, northern England, after the river Derwent burst its banks following heavy rain Tuesday, June 26, 2007. Floods have affected many areas of Britain following torrential rain. Flash floods killed three people and forced hundreds from their homes Tuesday. Authorities warned of more damage amid fears a leaking reservoir could burst. Credit: AP Photo/Rui Vieira/PA Wire Sheffield Wednesday Football Club Operations Manager Alan Roberts looks around Hillsborough Stadium which became flooded after the River Don burst its banks in Sheffield, England, Tuesday, June 26, 2007. Credit: AP Photo/Dave Thompson Residents who were trapped in their homes overnight were rescued in a boat near Rotherham, northern England by a Fire and Rescue Service worker Tuesday, June 26, 2007. Residents across England were mopping up Tuesday after flash floods killed three people and forced hundreds from their homes. Credit: AP Photo/John Giles/PA Wire Residents evacuated from the flooded village of Treeton look at the rising water, due to the pumping of water from the Ulley Reservoir where the dam was in danger of collapse due to torrential rain, June 26, 2007, in Rotherham, England. Engineers and emergency services were trying to strengthen the dam wall after fissures appeared due to water pressure. Down river villages and roads were been evacuated by police. Credit: GETTY IMAGES/Christopher Furlong A view of submerged streets following flooding in the Catcliffe area of Rotherham, England on June 26, 2007, in Rotherham, England. Much of Britain was under flood alert as heavy rain swept across the country. Credit: GETTY/Richard Martin-Roberts A view of submerged streets following flooding in the Catcliffe area of Rotherham, half a mile from the cracked Ulley Dam, on June 26, 2007, in Rotherham, England. In Hull, where a state of emergency in in effect, one man died after becoming trapped in a drain with rising flood waters. Credit: GETTY/Richard Martin-Roberts Residents wave as they walk through flood waters after a heavy rainfall in Beverley, North East Yorkshire, England, Monday, June 25, 2007. Much of Britain was battered by rainstorms, which were expected to dump as much as three inches of rain on a country already soggy from an exceptionally wet June, Britain's weather office said. Credit: AP Photo/Owen Humphreys,PA	Water, water, everywhere: Romantic about the floods – Channel 4 News Uncategorised Water, water, everywhere: Romantic about the floods Beleagured Environment Agency chairman Lord Smith wrote his doctoral dissertation on the poetry of Wordsworth and Coleridge. What might the Romantic poets have taught him about floods? Share on Twitter Lord Smith of Finsbury has said he has no intention of resigning from his post, and refused to apologise for the agency’s handling of flood defences. The former Labour cabinet minister was heckled by angry residents when he visited the flood-stricken Somerset Levels for the first time today. But he said: “I have no intention of resigning because I’m very proud of the work the Environment Agency and its staff have been doing right round the country in the face of the most extreme weather.” About 5,000 homes have been hit by flooding across the country, including 40 in Somerset, and more floods are expected, with severe weather alerts in place for south east England, the South West and Wales. Chris Smith, who is due to step down as head of the Environment Agency this summer, was Labour’s shadow environment secretary in the early 90s, and says he owes his love of nature to childhood walks in Scotland and a fondness for the Romantic poets. After taking a double first in English at Cambridge, he completed a PhD thesis on the work of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1979. He is the chairman of the Wordsworth Trust . Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner famously lamented “Water, water, everywhere” while gazing out at the pitiless ocean from his drifting ship. The next line “Nor any drop to drink” is regularly misquoted as “but not a drop to drink”. Residents of the inundated Somerset Levels might sympathise with the cursed sailor. But if Lord Smith feels that he is being blamed for extreme weather that is out of his control, he could also quote Coleridge: “Ye Ocean-Waves! that, whereso’er ye roll/ Yield homage only to eternal laws!” If you can quote anything by Coleridge, it is likely to be the opening lines of Kubla Khan, with its description of Xanadu, “where Alph, the sacred river, ran/Through caverns measureless to man”. The poet doesn’t tell us whether the river was dredged regularly to protect the surrounding “twice five miles of fertile ground” from flooding. Coleridge’s friend Wordsworth has also given us many memorable images of floods and water. In his long autobiographical poem The Prelude, Wordsworth paints a scene that sums up the recent spell of bad weather: Tis storm; and hid in mist from hour to hour All day the floods a deepening murmur pour; The sky is veiled, and every cheerful sight, Dark is the region as with coming night. In the same poem Wordsworth tells the story of a shepherd boy left stranded on an island by flash floods. And he describes a dream in which he sees an Arab “riding o’er the desert sands/ With the fleet waters of the drowning world/ In chase of him”. Then there is the famous passage where the poet decribes rowing a boat across a lake at night and feeling a sense of supernatural awe as the dark cliffs loom over him. I dipp'd my oars into the silent Lake, And, as I rose upon the stroke, my Boat Went heaving through the water, like a Swan Whether residents of Somerset who have been reduced to rowing themselves around their flooded villages will feel the same sense of magic remains to be seen. Royal Marine commandos are currently helping to evacuate 140 homes in the village of Moorland.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,593	Who wrote 'Earthly Powers', a long and ambitious first- person novel, narrated by an octogenarian homosexual?	2011 - dooneyscafe.com : dooneyscafe.com 2011 Filed under Booker Prize Project Jean’s Best of the Bookers Well, here they are. Of the 255 novels I read for this project, here are the 20 I recommend. These are shortened reviews. If you want to see the whole thing check out Jean’s Booker Project on www.dooneyscafe.com 1969 Barry England—Figures in a Landscape Two escaped guys trek their way through an unidentified tropical landscape fighting nature and a helicopter opponent. There are no extra details. The book is grueling, tight, sharp, and raw. For years my favourite war book has been Charles Yale Harrison’s Generals Die in Bed (1930).Figures in a Landscape is as good, and as urgent though no war is ever mentioned. At times the tension in the book is almost unbearable. This was Barry England’s first novel. A remarkable debut. About 40 years later he published a second novel and is mostly known (if at all) for his plays. I don’t think this book should have been the winner but I suspect it will be the one I will remember the most vividly for the longest period of time. Apparently it was made into a film starring Malcolm McDowell and Robert Shaw. 1973 J G Farrell—The Siege of Krishnapur The book is about the siege of Krishnapur in 1857 during the Indian rebellion, and is a penetrating look at British Victorian values. Farrell takes on opium use and production, the righteous anger of religious zealots, the problems created by the Crimean war (not enough available young men, for one), the fad of phrenology, social structure, the hypocrisy of Victorian morality, medical procedures (in one scene two doctors with opposing beliefs regarding the treatment of cholera thrash it out), issues of ownership and property, beauty and art, materialism, science and industry. It’s a scathing attack of the dangers of belief in a superior culture. But it’s also funny, really funny. It’s impossible to read this book without considering our own culture; as a reader there is no smug way out. It isn’t possible to feel superior to these characters—that trap has been exposed. Instead the reader is forced to consider the occupation of Iraq, the “war on terrorism” and the fight to bring democracy and capitalism to another culture, and the assumption that North America’s relatively new culture is better. Iris Murdoch—The Black Prince. UBC Bradley Pearson, the first-person narrator, makes Bertie Wooster looks like an emotional giant. Brad makes Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark, appear to be an uncomplaining, unbrooding optimist. Remember the dolt of a narrator from Ford Madox Ford’s The Good Soldier, John Dowell? Well, Brad makes John seem reliable. Okay, I’ll stop. Divorced from his wife, half-heartedly going after his best friend’s wife (both Bradley and his best friend, Arthur, are writers, though the friend is more successful), rumored to be a closet homosexual who really loves Arthur, Bradley falls desperately in love with Arthur’s daughter. Bradley’s rambling about his feeling are almost unbearable to read. Do men talk like this? His sister, Priscilla is even worse. But I’m onto Murdoch and I was looking for the twist at the end, though I couldn’t anticipate what it would be. She snuck up, and clobbered me, again. In this novel the ending almost forces you to start at the beginning again to see how she pulled it off. 1979 V. S. Naipaul—A Bend in the River In Conrad’s Heart of Darkness first-person narrator Marlow tells the tale of Kurtz. This European view of Africa, or more specifically what we assume is the Belgian Congo, examines the impact of imperialism, the European fear of going native, light/dark, good/bad and the very notion of freedom. With Naipaul’s narrator, Salim, the reader is back to what again we assume is the Congo, and post-colonial psychosis. But A Bend in the River isn’t just an update, or validation of Conrad. I’ve been trying to figure out what exactly it might be. Homage, in part. But I think the word that best presents Naipaul’s relationship to Conrad is conversation. In Naipaul’s novel, Africa, despite independence, is still	Reviews and expert advice from Which? MSA statement Which? works for you © Which? 2017 Cookies at Which? We use cookies to help improve our sites. If you continue, we'll assume that you're happy to accept our cookies. Find out more about cookies OK	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,594	What is the best-selling candy in America?	What are the top 5 best-selling candy bars in the world? - Orlando Sentinel What are the top 5 best-selling candy bars in the world? The World's Five Best Selling Candy Bars April 11 (Bloomberg) -- From Cadbury and Dove to Reese's and Snickers, Bloomberg Ranx looks at the most popular chocolate candy in the world. April 11 (Bloomberg) -- From Cadbury and Dove to Reese's and Snickers, Bloomberg Ranx looks at the most popular chocolate candy in the world. Richard Tribou Contact Reporter Orlando Sentinel Is it two great tastes that taste great together? Is it something that really satisfies? Is it something people don't really eat in the United States? The top 5 best-selling candy bars in the world all involve chocolate, and two of my personal top 5 are on the list. You can watch the video and find out the order along with some interesting details, like the fact that Snickers was named after a horse, but here it is: 5. Cadbury Dairy Milk ($2.5 billion) 4. Milka ($2.5 billion) 2. Reese's Peanut Butter Cups ($2.7 billion) 1. Snickers ($3.6 billion) These are based on 2012 global sales, and I probably contributed about $300 of that bottom line, especially on the No. 1 bar. Love me some Snickers. And since a top 5 is really kind of lame, here's my top 75 regular candy bars, the kind you might find in a vending machine for less than $1. For the better chocolate, I'll go with Lindt, which is usually about $3, and then either the Orange, Sea Salt or Chili varieties. Or I might go with Toblerone. The following candy is ranked from lowest calorie-per-gram to highest calorie-per-gram. Where does your favorite rank? But since I don't usually have $3 to spare, here's the top 75 for under $1. They don't make Snickers Cruncher anymore. That would be a top 5 if they did. And I used to buy a PB Max every day in high school because my girlfriend at the time equated that to love. That too has gone by the wayside. This list also is devoid of the more fruit-based candies that my kids seem so addicted to. I pretty much favor the chocolate, except for Whoppers. You can take that malted stuff and stick it with the Necco wafers, presumably somewhere devoid of sunshine. So here you go -- the top 75: Snickers Reese's Dark Chocolate Peanut Butter Cup Reese's NutRageous M&Ms Almond Snowcaps So yeah...only Starburst, Skittles and Dots make the list from the fruit category. No Tic Tacs. No Lifesavers. No Jolly Ranchers. Just not my thing anymore, plus Jolly Ranchers might just rip out my fillings. Although that's exactly what happened on election night 2012 with a small box of Milk Duds. Took my root canal tooth right out right about the time Obama won the electoral college. Don't worry. I had dental coverage to put things right, and I still eat a Milk Dud every now and then.	Candy Bars Candy Bars Butter Finger:The bar consists of a flaky, orange-colored center - somewhat similar texture to crisp caramel, with a taste similar to peanut butter, which is also dipped into milk chocolate, And wrapped in a nice yellow coated wrapper. The Creation: The Butterfinger was invented by the Curtiss Candy Company of Chicago, Illinois, in 1923. Kit Kat:Kit Kat is a Chocolate-coated wafer, Comes in packs of 2 Sticks, Or Packs Of 4 Sticks. The Creation: The Kit Kat Bar Was Created by Rowntree's of York, England, and is now produced worldwide by Nestlé, The bar launched on 29 August 1935, under the title of "Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp". Milky Way:Milky Way is made of chocolate-malt nougat topped with caramel and covered with milk chocolate. The Creation: The Milky Way bar was created in 1923 by Frank C. Mars and originally manufactured in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was the first commercially distributed filled chocolate bar. The name and taste was taken from a famed malted milk drink. Snickers: Snickers is made up of peanut nougat topped with roasted peanuts and caramel, covered in milk chocolate. The Creation: The Snicker Bar was created in 1930 by Frank C. Mars, The bar was marketed under the name "Marathon" in the UK and Ireland until 1990, when Mars decided to align the UK product with the global Snickers name Baby Ruth:Baby Ruth is an American candy bar made of peanuts, caramel and chocolate-flavored nougat covered in chocolate. The Creation: The Baby Ruth was created in 1921, after taking the place for Kandy Kake (Previous Name), the product was manufactured by Curtis Candy Company, Then was later purchased in 1981 by Nabisco, shortly after purchased by Nestle Oh Henry!:is a chocolate bar containing peanuts, caramel, and fudge coated in chocolate. The Creation: It was first introduced in 1920, by the Williamson Candy Company of Chicago, Illinois. According to legend, Oh Henry! was originally named after a boy who frequented the Williamson company, flirting with the girls who made the candy Twix: Is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Inc., consisting of a biscuit finger, topped with caramel and coated in milk chocolate The Creation: Twix bars are typically packaged in pairs. Twix, which stands for "Twin-Stix," was first produced in the UK in 1967, and introduced in the United States in 1979. Whatchamacallit: Whatchamacallit has included peanut-flavored crisp with a layer of caramel and a layer of milk chocolate coating The Creation:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,595	A known anti-oxidant and a co-factor in at least 8 enzymatic reactions, what vitamin is known as L-ascorbic acid?	Acupuncturist in Grande Prairie Contact Us Acupuncturist in Grande Prairie Acupuncturist in Grande Prairie - IV therapy or likewise known as Intravenous therapy is the placing of substances directly into a vein. IV therapy has been used to correct electrolyte imbalances and to be able to deliver medications in blood transfusions. It can also be utilized as fluid replacement to correct, like for instance, dehydration. The intravenous route is the fastest way to be able to deliver medications and fluids all through the body. Several medications, in addition to blood transfusions and lethal injections, could only be given intravenously. Vitamin C Intravenous therapy is an alternative remedy utilized sicknesses such as cancer. A lot of centers dedicate specific treatment regimens, though there is still some controversy surrounding this type of treatment. Some of the reputed benefits of Vitamin C therapy comprise: prolonging survival and increasing the quality of life. Vitamin C is useful in preventing systemic free radical injury and corrects an ascorbate deficiency, that is often found in individuals who suffer from cancer. Vitamin C inhibits hyaluronidase. This is an enzyme made by cancer cells that is responsible for the breakdown of healthy tissue, resulting in tumor progression and metastasis. Vitamin C even works synergistically conventional with other traditional cancer therapies. Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid or L-ascorbate is an extremely essential nutrient for human beings and many different animals. It acts as an antioxidant and protects the body against oxidative stress. Vitamin C is likewise a co-factor in at least 8 enzymatic reactions consisting of various collagen synthesis reactions which cause the most severe signs of scurvy when they are not working properly. In animals, these enzyme reactions are really important in preventing bleeding from capillaries and wound-healing. Vitamin C Mega Dosage There are many who really endorse and advocate the use of Vitamin C, in excess of ten to one hundred times more than the RDI or Recommended Daily Intake. Supplements of Vitamin C could be taken orally or by intravenous therapy. There have yet to be large, randomized clinical trials on the circumstances of high doses done on the general people. Linus Pauling spent a large part of his life advocating the use of mega doses of vitamin C. He believed the established RDA was enough to prevent scurvy but not necessarily a high enough dosage for optimal health. Mega doses of vitamin C have been used in the treatment and prevention of various illnesses such as coronary disease, the common cold and cancer. Current RDI for vitamin C is 60 mg however, several references quote at least 30 mg and others state we must have a minimum of 100 mg a day. People taking a mega dose may ingest anywhere from 500mg to 1000 mg on a daily basis but the side effect of diarrhoea can be a common issue for those who ingest large amounts.	1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. Which Newton-le- Willows singer has been nominated for an MTV award? 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Lenny Henry will star in which Shakespearean tragedy next year? 3. Will Young has been invited to take part in which panel show after saying he is a fan? 4. Nasty Nick Cotton is to return to which TV soap? 5. Which author earns £3m a week in royalties, it was revealed this week? 6. Which band release the album Dig Out Your Soul on Monday? 7. In which year was a World Cup final first decided on penalties? 8. What is the tallest and thickest kind of grass? 9. Which TV cast had a hit with Hi-Fidelity? 10. What nationality was the composer Handel? 11. What is most expensive property in the board game Monopoly? 12. Which Scandinavian group had a top 20 hit in 1993 called Dark Is The Night? 13. In which century was King Henry IV of England born? 14. Who directed the film Alien? 15. Who was the only person to win a medal for Ireland at the Sydney Olympics in 2000? 16. What did Nicholas Copernicus argue was at the centre of our universe, and what was the common belief before then? 17. Which three American states begin with the letter O? 18. In what year did Ruth Ellis become the last woman to be hanged in England? 19. Who was the first British monarch to choose Buckingham Palace as their home? 20. How many Jack’s eyes are visible in a standard pack of playing cards? 21. What is Britain’s largest lake? 22. Cameroon gained its independence from which European country in 1960? 23. Who had a number one in 1960 called Only The Lonely? 24. The 1964 film My Fair Lady was based on a play by whom? 25. Which of the Bronte sisters wrote the novels Agnes Gray and The Tenant Of Wildfell Hall? 26. Which American president once famously proclaimed: “Ich bin ein Berliner”? 27. Which element has the chemical symbol Pb? 28. What was the name of the murder victim at the beginning of the TV series Twin Peaks? 29. Who directed the 2001 film Mulholland Drive? 30. In horse racing, which three racecourses stage the five English classics? ANSWERS: 1. Rick Astley; 2. Othello; 3. Question Time; 4. Eastenders; 5. JK Rowling; 6. Oasis; 7. 1994; 8. Bamboo; 9. The Kids From Fame; 10. German; 11. Mayfair; 12. A-Ha; 13. 14th; 14. Ridley Scott; 15. Sonia O’Sullivan; 16. The Sun. Before then people believed it was the Earth; 17. Ohio, Oklahoma and Oregon; 18. 1955; 19. Queen Victoria; 20. 12; 21. Loch Lomond; 22. France; 23. Roy Orbison; 24. George Bernard Shaw; 25. Anne; 26. John F. Kennedy; 27. Lead; 28. Laura Palmer; 29. David Lynch; 30. 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1,501,596	Who became President of Argentina in October 1973 until his death in July 1974?	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 29 \| 1974: First female president for Argentina 1974: First female president for Argentina Maria Estela Isabel Martinez de Peron has been sworn in as interim leader of the Argentine Republic. Her husband President Juan Peron delegated responsibility after doctors said he required 24-hour medical attention and rest. Mrs Peron, a former cabaret dancer, is now Argentina's first female president and at 43 the youngest Latin American head of state. Her 78-year-old husband has not been seen in public for two weeks and is reported to be seriously ill with bronchitis and influenza. In a state broadcast, Mrs Peron said her husband was "conscious that his state of health prevents him from directly attending to government affairs until his recovery". Mrs Peron, known to the Argentine public as 'Isabelita', is Juan Peron's third wife and became vice-president after his return to power in September 1973. The couple met in a night club in Panama during Juan Peron's years of exile after being ousted from power in a military coup in 1955. Argentina's main power groups, including the armed forces and labour unions, are understood to have pledged Mrs Peron their support. But regional experts say Isabelita will be inheriting a weak economy in a country suffering from political violence and civil unrest.	1974 FIFA World Cup in Germany - Soccer Betting Odds and Props for all Major Football Events Around the World Germany 1974 World Cup Betting Year: 1974 Participants: 16 Countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, East Germany, Haiti, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Scotland, Sweden, Uruguay, West Germany, Yugoslavia, Zaire Championship: West Germany 2, Netherlands 1 Top goal scorer: Grzegorz Lato, Poland (7) In 1974, teams met in Germany to compete for a new trophy: the FIFA World Cup. Also new were the tight security measures at the tournament, brought into effect because of the assassination of Jewish athletes at the Munich Olympics two years earlier. The opening ceremonies were held on June 13. Pele was on hand, even though he had decided not to play in what would have been his fifth World Cup. The action kicked off with defending champion Brazil playing Yugoslavia to a 0-0 tie -- hardly an exciting opener. This tournament became known as the "World Cup of Quality," with three outstanding teams in Holland, Poland and West Germany. One of the biggest showdowns of the tournament was the Brazil-Holland game played on July 3. Brazil, missing its potent offense of years past, fell to the speedy Dutch team 2-0. In the championship game, Holland scored on a penalty kick before West Germany even touched the ball, but the Germans came back for a 2-1 victory in front of 79,000 fans in Munich. In a futile effort to boost his country's performance, Zaire's President Motubo awarded each of his players with a car, a trip for two to anywhere in the world and a house just for qualifying. Perhaps he should have held out a little longer: When Zaire got to Germany, it lost to Scotland 2-0, Brazil 3-0 and was trounced by Yugoslavia 9-0. World Cup Germany 1974 Schedule and Results Group 1 Results	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,597	Which English professional footballer has the tattoo ‘Just Enough Education To Perform’ on his right arm?	Wayne Rooney's new tattoo - Telegraph Wayne Rooney's new tattoo Footballer Wayne Rooney has got a new tattoo which alludes to the fact he's not too bright. Rooney's new tattoo reads 'Just Enough Education to Perform' Photo: EAMONN CLARKE Image 1 of 2 The football star has returned from his honeymoon in Las Vegas with Coleen McLoughlin Photo: EAMONN CLARKE By Daily Telegraph Reporter 11:15AM BST 09 Jul 2008 The Manchester United and England star has had "Just Enough Education To Perform" etched on his right forearm. The line is the title of an album by his favourite band, The Stereophonics. It could also be a reference to his own educational achievements. Rooney left school without a GCSE to his name. While his fellow pupils were studying for their exams, the young Rooney was allowed three days off per week to train with Everton. The 22-year-old was pictured showing off his new artwork as he returned from honeymoon in Las Vegas with new bride Coleen McLoughlin. The football star is such a fan of The Stereophonics that McLoughlin arranged for them to give a surprise performance during the couple's week-long wedding celebrations in Italy last month. Kelly Jones, frontman for the Welsh band, jokingly made Rooney promise to play for Leeds United next season and change his nationality from English to Welsh. The singer said of the gig: "We played an hour of hits and requests. Wayne and his family sang every word. He loved it. It was a good crack." Rooney already has several tattoos, including a cross on his upper right arm and his wife's name on the left.	BBC Sport - Sports Personality of the Year - David Beckham receives Lifetime Achievement award David Beckham receives Lifetime Achievement award Beckham wins lifetime achievement award Former England captain David Beckham has received the BBC Sports Personality Lifetime Achievement award. The 35-year-old midfielder is England's most capped outfield player and won six Premier League titles and the Champions League crown with Manchester United. He won the Spanish league with Real Madrid after a £25m move from United before joining Los Angeles Galaxy and also spent two loan spells at AC Milan. In 2001 Beckham was named BBC Sports Personality of the Year. "I'm humbled to receive an award for something I love doing and continue to love doing, [I am] very humbled," said a tearful Beckham, who accepted the award from Sir Bobby Charlton. "To receive it from Sir Bobby, who was there when I first started, [I am] truly honoured," he added. "Football's a team game. Without the teams and players' support I've had over the years, players like Ryan [Giggs] and the other greats, I wouldn't be here without the support and skill of them. "Playing for England is one of the biggest things of my career, and I've always been able to play for some of the best coaches throughout my career. "I have to thank so many people - my parents, who sacrificed so much, who always have done and always will do, my family and friends, of course my wife and children. Not only has she [Victoria] given me three amazing boys but the support she has given me, inspiration every day." "David's record on and off the pitch has been remarkable," BBC Sports Personality of the Year editor Carl Doran said. Archive - Beckham's redemption in 2002 "It's a fitting reward for an outstanding career as a player and for his tireless work as an ambassador for British sport. He has also been a tremendous role model." Nine years ago Beckham won the main award, voted for by the public, after an outstanding display for England against Greece in which his late free-kick earned the national side a place in the 2002 World Cup finals. His England career began in September 1996 against Moldova with his latest, and 115th, cap coming against Belarus in October 2009. He also captained England 59 times in that period. Having appeared and scored in the previous three World Cups, Beckham was expected to be selected for the tournament in South Africa in 2010. But the player, who hails from east London, tore his Achilles tendon while on loan from LA Galaxy at AC Milan in March, and was ruled out of what would have been his fourth World Cup. BBC LIFETIME AWARD WINNERS	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,598	Actor Laurence Payne who died in February 2009, aged 89, played which fictional detective on TV?	Obituary: Laurence Payne \| Culture \| The Guardian Laurence Payne Actor and author best known as the vintage detective Sexton Blake Laurence Payne as Sexton Blake with Roger Foss as Tinker in Sexton Blake, 1967 Photograph: Rediffusion/Thames Friday 6 March 2009 19.01 EST First published on Friday 6 March 2009 19.01 EST Share on Messenger Close Laurence Payne, who has died aged 89, was known offstage as "Larry Two" in deference to the king, "Larry" Olivier, and for a short time he was almost as well known. He was a stalwart of the Old Vic during the second world war and played Romeo opposite a 19-year-old Juliet, Daphne Slater, and Paul Scofield's Mercutio, as well as Berowne in Love's Labour's Lost at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1947 in two famous productions by Peter Brook. This fairly tall but certainly dark and handsome north London son of a carpenter found real fame, however, on television as the detective Sexton Blake, "prince of the penny dreadfuls" and seen as the office boys' Sherlock Holmes, on ITV between 1967 and 1971. Blake was the fictional creation of Harry Blyth in the pages of the Halfpenny Marvel magazine in 1893, shortly after Holmes had plunged to his death into the Reichenbach Falls. Blyth sold his rights to the character, who was then written by more than 200 different hands into the 1970s. Payne appeared in 60 episodes of the children's television series, which was set in the 1920s. He lost his left eye in a sword fight with the actor Basil Henson. But as Blake, he never lost his suavity or self-composure as he dashed about town in a Rolls-Royce with his trusty young sidekick, Edward "Tinker" Carter, and Pedro the intrepid bloodhound. Carter was played by Roger Foss, now an arts journalist, who recalled that behind the handsome features and classy, baritone voice was a very funny man who was a stickler for the highest standards, even in a children's programme. "He'd tear up pages that clearly didn't work and we would improvise better scenes ourselves." Payne's father died when he was three years old, and he and his elder brother and sister were raised in a strict fashion by their mother, a Wesleyan Methodist, in Wood Green, north London. He attended Belmont school and Tottenham grammar, leaving at 16 to take a clerical job. After training at the Old Vic School in 1939, he was exempted from war service as a conscientious objector on condition that he went on tour with the Old Vic during the war. Between 1940 and 1945 he was directed by Tyrone Guthrie in She Stoops to Conquer, by Esme Church in Twelfth Night and The Merry Wives of Windsor and in many others by John Moody and Noel Willman. Roles included Cassio in Othello, Sergius in George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man, Lorenzo in The Merchant of Venice and early sketches for Romeo and Berowne. After short seasons with the Chanticleer Theatre Company and at the Arts Club in London, he toured Germany for three months with the forces' entertainment organisation Ensa in 1945. Payne never worked in the West End, allegedly because he rebuffed the all-powerful producer Binkie Beaumont's invitation to appear in Brook's 1946 production of The Brothers Karamazov. Brook himself had no truck with such blackballing and invited him to Stratford to play Romeo. He toured Australia with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (as it was known before it became the Royal Shakespeare Company) in 1949 and returned to play Hamlet at the Guildford Rep in 1951. It was a role he spoke with "brisk certainty", according to JC Trewin, who then applauded a more detailed portrait in the same role at the Embassy, Hampstead, in 1953. Following several seasons at Guildford, and at the Bristol Old Vic, his television career was launched with D'Artagnan in The Three Musketeers in 1954. He took large roles in three series of Doctor Who before and after Sexton Blake. In the movies, Payne played supporting roles in William Wyler's Ben-Hur (1959) and Roy Ward Baker's The Singer not the Song (1960), starring Dirk Bogarde, with whom he formed a lasting friendship. He had a busy television career after	Tom Barnaby \| Midsomer Murders Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Detective Chief Inspector Thomas Geoffrey "Tom" Barnaby is a fictional detective created by Caroline Graham. DCI Barnaby is featured in the Chief Inspector Barnaby book series which began with The Killing at Badger's Drift in 1987. Barnaby is also the main detective in Midsomer Murders, a popular television show based on the novels. There, Barnaby is played by John Nettles (who also has acted in British crime series Bergerac). In both the books and the television series, Detective Chief Inspector Tom Barnaby is based in the fictional town of Causton in the southeast of England. From that base of operations, Barnaby travels out into the English countryside to solve murders as they occur in a variety of small villages. A genius in the field of criminal investigation, he is a highly experienced and methodical detective; prone to taking his time. However, despite his slow and steady nature, he is an extremely perceptive and sagacious individual, detecting even the smallest of clues, which ultimately aid him in solving the gruesome and barbarous crimes which are committed in the county of Midsomer. It is worthy of note that in many cases, he has already reached a conclusion as to the identity of the murderer; only to reveal this fact later on after he has accumulated enough evidence. Barnaby has been happily married to Joyce for many years, and they have an adult daughter named Cully. They may have lived or worked in London at one point, as around the time of their wedding Barnaby was trying to solve the case of the 'Pimlico Poisoner'. In the episode "Picture of Innocence" of the British drama Midsomer Murders, his full name was revealed as was his date of birth, 20 April 1943. In the episode "Secrets and Spies", Barnaby revealed to his wife and colleagues that he previously worked for MI6. Characteristics Edit Detective Chief Inspector Tom Barnaby is a kind, honest and hardworking middle-aged policeman who often stands out from his fellow fictional detectives on television and in novels, in that he is very ordinary and does not use violence to interrogate his suspects. Another thing which makes him stand out is that he is also a family man, being married to Joyce and having a daughter Cully, whom he gets on well with - which is also a rarity, with most of the detectives we see in crime fiction either going through bitter divorces or end up being widowed and suffering from alcohol depression, smoking, and gambling - or going through a series of love interests, none of them lasting. Tom Barnaby is none of these things and as a policeman is taking his time when it comes to solving a murder. Throughout the series, Barnaby often wears smart three-piece suits and ties. He has blue eyes, but in the novels they are brown. He is dedicated to his job and his family, and they support him at every turn. Relationships Edit Joyce is Barnaby's wife. She is known to have an interest in many things, depending on the focus of the episode - including painting, singing, tango dancing, arts appreciation, drama, cycling, running, cooking, charity work and crafts. There is at one point when she is taking part in the Midsomer Worthy Choir and she recommends that DC Ben Jones joins after she and Tom hear him singing in the choir in Death in Chorus. Cully Barnaby Cully is Tom and Joyce's only child. She is not very interesting to some members of the audience, because she is quite wrapped in herself and her partner, Simon, whom she marries. John Barnaby Edit Barnaby's cousin John makes his first appearance in " The Sword of Guillaume ", where he is based in Brighton CID. He has a bluff and ironic personality but the two have a warm relationship. They join forces to solve the murders of Douglas Wakely and Jenny Russell, who were both murdered. The real reason for Tom going to Brighton was that he was suspicious of the plans of the mayor of Causton, Dave Hicks, who was going to buy up coastal lands for holiday chalets. Tom is older than John and when Tom announces he is retiring, John	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,599	The largest man-made excavation in the world is a mine for which element?	World's largest man-made excavation - a US copper mine closed because of landslide - YouTube World's largest man-made excavation - a US copper mine closed because of landslide Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Apr 13, 2013 World's largest man-made excavation - a US copper mine closed because of landslide http://thecelestialconvergence.blogsp... "Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use." § 107.Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. 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In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior general interest in receiving similar information for research and educational Category	Wainwrights of Penistone Parish - Chronological List of Historical Events and Items of Interest A site devoted to those named Wainwright, who originated in and around Penistone Parish, Yorkshire, England Chronological List of Historical Events and Items of Interest Last Updated: 10/21/2004 Neolithic Farming The Stonehenge was erected in about 2800 BC. It may have been used for religious ceremonies, and it remained in use for the next 2000 years. We have no written records of Stonehenge, but its alignments show its purposes apparently included the determination of seasonal or celestial events, such as lunar eclipses, solstices and so on. 9 Click on the pictures, (which were taken on 6/11/2001) for a larger view. In 2650 BC, construction began on the first pyramids in Egypt. Bronze Age In 1251 BC, Moses led the 12 tribes of Israel from Egypt across Sinai desert to enter the Promised Land of Canaan, which is now Israel. This is also the time when the Trojan Horse was used to gain access to Troy after a 10 year siege of the city. In 1005 BC, King David conquered the city of Jerusalem and founded the first Israelite kingdom. His son Solomon built the great temple of Jerusalem, part of which remain today and is known as the "Wailing Wall". Celtic Kingdoms In about 750 BC, Homer wrote "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" telling the story of the fall of Troy and of the ancient Greek heroes. In 722 BC, Israel was defeated and its people were deported to Mesopotamia as slaves. The ancient city of Babylon was destroyed. In 543 BC, an Indian prince known as Buddha developed a new religion out of Hinduism. His teachings, that man should become enlightened through meditation, founded the basis of Buddhism. In 530 BC, Confucius developed a system of thought that valued ethical government and "natural order". At this time, the philosopher and mathematician, Pythagoras established a school in Italy. William I (William the Conqueror), Duke of Normandy, invaded England, 12 and ascended to the throne on December 25th. 2 (p.625) William was descended for the Vikings. The practice of shoeing horses was introduced this year. 6 (p. 315) Odo of Bayeux rebelled unsuccessfully and was banished from England 12 Urban II becomes Pope. 12 Henry VI campaigns in Italy and defeats Pope Urban II. 12 Chinese build a water driven clock. 12 Henry IV ascended to the throne of England on September 1st. 2 (p.625) 1400 - 1499 Henry V ascended to the throne of England on March 21st. 2 (p.625) The first vicar was appointed to the Penistone church. Prior to this, landowners were rectors. 22 Edward IV ascended to the throne of England on March 4th. 2 (p.625) England's bloodiest battle took place at Towton Field during the Wars of the Roses. Edward V ascended to the throne of England on April 9th. 2 (p.625) Richard III ascended to the throne of England on June 26th. 2 (p.625) Henry VII married Elizabeth of York and this unites the warring Families of Lancaster and York. A son, Arthur is born this year. 5 (p.468-460) Epidemic of Bubonic Plague in London. 1500-1599 From 1500 to 1800, many civic responsibilities such as highway repair were administered by the Church of England parish, and an ecclesiastical tax was imposed upon landowners to support this. 2 The tower of the Penistone church was erected about this time. 22 1509 Henry VII died, and his son Henry became king on April 22nd as Henry VIII on April 22nd. 5 (p.468-470) Henry VIII received a dispensation from Pope Julius II permitting his marriage to his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. 5 (p.529) Cardinal Thomas Wolsey joined those counseling Henry VIII. 5 (p.468-470) Martin Luther visits Rome for the first time. 1516 England and Wales were united under the same system of government as THe Kingdom of England and Wales. 4 . Sir Thomas Moore published Utopia, which describes a mythical society, and unfavorably compares the current social and economic situation in western Europe, to a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,600	The names Corbett and Brambell are most associated with which well-known UK TV series?	Wythenshawe - Harry H Corbett Harry H Corbett, OBE Harry H.‭ ‬Corbett was born on February‭ ‬28th,‭ ‬1925‭ ‬in Rangoon,‭ ‬Burma‭ ‬-‭ ‬now‭ ‘‬Yangon,‭ ‬Myanmar‭’‬.‭ ‬It was still a British colony and his father was an officer in the British Army who was stationed in the country as part of the occupying forces there.‭ ‬His mother died when he was‭ ‬3‭ ‬years old and he was then sent to England. When his mother died he was sent back to England to be brought up by an aunt in Ardwick and later moved to Benchill,‭ ‬Wythenshawe.‭ ‬Inspired by a favourite teacher at Sharston Senior School,‭ ‬he wrote his first play before leaving school at age‭ ‬14.‭ ‬A series of dead-end jobs ensued,‭ ‬grocer's delivery boy,‭ ‬plumber,‭ ‬male nurse,‭ ‬car sprayer,‭ ‬until he joined the Chorlton Repertory Company at the age of‭ ‬23,‭ ‬and later the Theatre Workshop Company in Manchester working under Joan Greenwood.‭ ‬He appeared in many comedy films,‭ ‬including the‭ "‬Carry On‭" ‬series,‭ "‬The Bargee‭"‬,‭ "‬Crowns and Coronets‭" ‬and‭ "‬The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins‭"‬.‭ ‬In‭ ‬1962‭ ‬he auditioned and got the role in a‭ "‬one-off‭" ‬play called‭ "‬Steptoe‭ & ‬Son‭"‬.‭ ‬It was such a success that the series ran on television for‭ ‬13‭ ‬years.‭ ‬He was named Actor of the Year in‭ ‬1962. After working as a radiographer,‭ ‬the deceptively oafish-looking Corbett began his acting career in repertory and,‭ ‬in the early‭ ‬1950s,‭ ‬he added the middle initial‭ '‬H‭' ‬to his name in order to avoid confusion with the then-popular television entertainer Harry Corbett,‭ ‬who was well known for his act with the puppet Sooty.‭ ‬When asked,‭ ‬he would often joke that the‭ '‬H‭' ‬stood for‭ "‬h'anything‭" ‬-‭ ‬a manner of saying the word‭ '‬anything‭' ‬once popular in some English regional dialects. Early in his career he was dubbed‭ "‬the English Marlon Brando‭" ‬by some sections of the British press,‭ ‬but due to typecasting his career never really developed as a major film actor,‭ ‬much to his frustration. Spending several seasons with Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop,‭ ‬he made his film bow in‭ ‬1957,‭ ‬playing brutes and lunatics before gaining TV fame.‭ ‬A chance meeting with writers Ray Galton and Alan Simpson,‭ ‬at the time basking in the success of their groundbreaking project Hancock's Half Hour,‭ ‬would then change Corbett's life. And so in‭ ‬1962,‭ ‬Corbett appeared in The Offer,‭ ‬an episode of the BBC's anthology series of one-off comedy plays,‭ ‬Comedy Playhouse,‭ ‬written by Galton and Simpson.‭ ‬He played Harold Steptoe,‭ ‬a rag and bone man living with his irascible father Albert,‭ ‬played by Wilfrid Brambell,‭ ‬in a junkyard with only their horse for company. The play was a huge success and a full series was soon commissioned,‭ ‬which eventually ran,‭ ‬with some breaks,‭ ‬until‭ ‬1974,‭ ‬where the Christmas special became the final ever episode.‭ ‬Although the enormous popularity of Steptoe and Son‭ ‬-‭ ‬as the series was titled‭ ‬-‭ ‬made Corbett a star,‭ ‬it proved to be a dead-end to his serious acting career,‭ ‬as he became irreversibly associated with the Harold Steptoe character in the public eye.‭ ‬Production on the series was also made stressful by Corbett's strained relationship with his co-star Brambell.‭ ‬Brambell was an alcoholic and would often be ill-prepared for rehearsals,‭ ‬forgetting his lines or blocking. By the end of their time on the series they were not on speaking terms outside of takes.‭ ‬A subsequent tour of a Steptoe and Son stage show in Australia in the late‭ ‬1970s proved to be a complete disaster,‭ ‬as any sort of working relationship between the pair of them was now impossible.‭ ‬On this tour Brambell also drank heavily,‭ ‬which sometimes affected his ability to perform. Honoured with the OBE in‭ ‬1976,‭ ‬Harry H.‭ ‬Corbett went into virtual retirement thereafter. As well as doing pantomime,‭ ‬Corbett also returned to do stage plays,‭ ‬something he was doing long before the days of Steptoe and Son.‭ ‬The pair did finally work again in‭ ‬1981‭ ‬in a short television commercial for a well known coffe	Ant and the Aardvark, The Inspector, and Crazylegs Crane Coming To Blu-Ray Ant and the Aardvark, The Inspector, and Crazylegs Crane Coming To Blu-Ray 12 Animation director Friz Freleng may have died 21 years ago, but he’s having more success in Hollywood this month than many living directors. Yesterday we announced that Warner Bros. was developing an animated feature starring Speedy Gonzales, a character that was popularized by Freleng in the 1950s. Later this month, film distributor Kino Lorber will release complete collections of shorts featuring The Ant and the Aardvark , and Crazylegs Crane , three characters that came out of Freleng’s animation studio, DePatie-Freleng, which he co-owned between 1963 and 1981. Kino Lorber’s Studio Classics division is releasing new HD transfers of the shorts in both Blu-ray and DVD editions. Later this year, the company plans to release additional collections of DePatie-Freleng series including Roland and Rattfink, Tijuana Toads, Blue Racer, Sheriff Hoot Kloot, Dogfather, and Misterjaw. PARTNER MESSAGE Made during the last throes of Hollywood theatrical shorts production, The Inspector and Ant and the Aardvark series have much to recommend, including smartly made animation on a budget that often exceeds current American TV standards, minimalist yet striking production design, and some surprising elements, like jazz scores on the Ant and the Aardvark series performed by top West coast jazz musicians. (Unfortunately, Crazylegs Crane, a post-theatrical TV series, has much less to offer in terms of quality.) DePatie-Freleng, most famous for its Pink Panther series, never achieved true greatness in any of its productions, but these Kino-Lorber sets offer a welcome opportunity for contemporary viewers to reassess their output. Lots of talented people worked on these cartoons and there’s creative inspiration waiting to be discovered in certain aspects of the studio’s output. The best news is that the sets are quite affordable, and all of them will include the following documentaries by Greg Ford: Goodbye Warner Bros., Hello DePatie-Freleng and Of Aardvarks, Ants, Inspectors, and Cranes, featuring Jerry Beck, Barbara Donatelli, Will Friedwald, Doug Goodwin, Art Leonardi, Joe Siracusa, and archival audio of Friz Freleng. The Inspector collection includes all 34 theatrical shorts created between 1965-1969, the Ant and the Aardvark collection contains all seventeen theatrical shorts created between 1969-1971, and the Crazylegs Crane disc includes all 16 made-for-TV shorts that appeared in 1978 on the The All New Pink Panther Show. Here’s the cover art for both Tijuana Toads and Roland and Rattfink (courtesy of Amazon): ea I had no idea those three dogs from the 1993 Pink Panther show were from another cartoon series (The Dogfather). Mesterius Can we PLEASE get a comment from someone in the know about when DePatie-Freleng’s original Pink Panther shorts will be released on Blu-ray? I know they’re a different copyright… but it’s still a bit absurd to see all these lesser-known series from D-F get the HD treatment before their biggest star. Mister Twister As long as it’s the original 4:3 aspect ratio is kept, and the transfer is done PROPERLY, not what Disney does to its old movies, I am sold. Metlow Rovenstein I saw screenshots from the Blu-ray release, and the transfer is both in 4:3 and was done properly. Mister Twister Funny, cartoony, appealing and well-designed characters? What a concept! jhalpernkitcat I love that they’re finally getting released in a single, inexpensive format. I’m especially excited for the Roland and Rattfink one–very underrated series in my opinion. Abdullah Zubair Other than Pink Panther and these 3, I haven’t watched any of his other work..Are they just as good..?? Also, I felt that was a terrible way to start an article(Humor about death and money) jhalpernkitcat I’d avoid Hoot Kloot, that’s the one about a clueless Western sheriff. I’ve seen a few of the shorts, and the character is absolutely unlikable, and not very kind to his horse. The Blue Racer is hit or miss–I	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,601	"Which food item is named after the Tamil word for ""pepper water""?"	List and Etymology of Indian Words in English \| ILU English Lesson Plans & Ideas List and Etymology of Indian Words in English Indian words in English, popularly known as Anglo-Indian words, form a major category among the foreign words in English Language. Most of the Indian words in English crept into the English language during the British rule of India. These Indian words reflect the cultural diversity of India and are from different languages. Anglo Indian words in English language can be divided into three main categories: Sanskrit Words in English: Most of the Indian words in English have an etymological connection to Sanskrit. But it has to be noted that very few of the English words of Sanskrit origin have entered the English language directly. Most of them came into English from their transformed versions in Hindi, Urdu, Bengali or Marathi. Hindi and Urdu Words in English: English words of Hindi origin form the major category of Indian words in English even though most of them are derived from Sanskrit. Tamil and Malayalam Words in English: Most of the English words relating to South Indian life and culture came into the English language from Tamil and Malayalam. Many of them were first adopted into Portuguese and French. From these languages they gradually entered the English language. The following is an extensive list of Indian words in English. Search by word or language to find the meaning and etymology of Indian words in English. Word from Bengali adda, a group of people a place where people of same interests gather for conversation. Ahimsa from Sanskrit ahimsa, which means "not-harmful". alvar sink, be absorbed (as in contemplation) Ambarella from Sanskrit: ambarella, a kind of tree. Entered English through Sinhalese Amrita from Sanskrit amrutam, nectar of everlasting life. anaconda possibly from Tamil yaanai kondra, "that which killed an elephant".The word may have entered English through Sinhalese henakandaya, "whipsnake". anicut from Tamil anaikattu, ("anai"=dam, "kattu"=building/structure) Aniline from Sanskrit nili. Entered English through German: Anilin, French: Aniline and Portuguese: Anil from Arabic al-nili and Persian nila, Apadravya from Sanskrit apadravya which refers to a male genital piercing where a barbell passes through the penis. Mentioned in Indian literature in theKama Sutra ape from the Tamil word for a monkey, kapi, i.e., swift, nimble, active. It was first transformed to api and later to 'ape' arhat from Sanskrit arhat which means "deserving". Aryan from Sanskrit Arya-s "noble, honorable". Entered English through Latin Ariana, from Greek Areia. Asana from Sanskrit asana which means "seat", a term describing yoga postures. Ashram from Sanskrit asrama, a religious hermitage. Atman from Sanskrit atman meaning "essence". Atoll from Sanskrit antala. Probably entered English through Maldivean: Aubergine from Sanskrit vatigagama, meaning aubergine or eggplant in American English. Probably entered English through Catalan alberginera, via Arabic ( al-badinjan) and Persian ( badin-gan) ultimately Avatar from Tamil "avataram" and Sanskrit avatara, which means "descent". Refers to the human incarnation of God . Thus, Krishna and Rama were two of the ten avatars of Vishnu. Ayurveda from Sanskrit ayurveda, which means "knowledge of life". baboo from Hindi babu, meaning "father" Bahasa from Sanskrit bahuvrihih, a composite word, meaning 'much rice.' Bandanna from Hindi Bandhna,() which means to 'tie-dye,' a mode of dyeing in which the cloth is tied in different places, to prevent the parts tied from receiving the dye. A bright yellow or red silk handkerchief with diamond shaped spots left white while dyeing. bandy from the Tamil word 'vandy' which means 'vehicle'. ox-cart from Hindi Bangri , a ring of coloured glass worn on the wrist by women. Banyan from Hindi baniyaa and Sanskrit vanij, which means "a merchant". Basmati from Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit vasa, meaning 'fragrant' Batik A textile dyeing technique in which areas not to be dyed are coated with	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,602	Which actor played 'Old Mother Riley'?	Old Mother Riley's Circus (1941) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Old Mother Riley's Circus ( 1941 ) Approved \| Mother Riley takes over a circus on the point of closing down, and makes it a success. Director: a list of 1166 titles created 13 Aug 2011 a list of 54 titles created 09 Apr 2012 a list of 83 titles created 10 Dec 2013 a list of 2276 titles created 26 Aug 2014 Title: Old Mother Riley's Circus (1941) 4.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? A charwoman comes upon a plot to steal the invention of a man who lives in a haunted house. Director: John Baxter Old Mother Riley and her daughter Kitty stop the plans of some disinherited relatives. Director: Oswald Mitchell Mrs. Riley and her daughter Kitty go to Paris, and get involved with spies. Director: Oswald Mitchell Mrs. Riley is tricked out of her licence for a pub and joins her daughter in Portugal. Director: Oswald Mitchell As he is about to retire, a police officer discovers that his daughter is mixed up with a criminal gang and is about to go to prison for a crime she didn't commit. Against his better ... See full summary » Director: Francis Searle Old Mother Riley runs into a ghost who turns out to be an old pirate searching for buried treasure. Director: Maclean Rogers Storyline Mother Riley takes over a circus on the point of closing down, and makes it a success. 10 December 1941 (USA) See more » Filming Locations: (Minffordd, North Wales) – See all my reviews Arthur Lucan and Kitty McShane starred in a series of low-budget comedies that were extremely popular in 1940s Britain, in which Lucan (in drag) played an old Irish scrubwoman named Mrs Riley, and McShane (Lucan's real-life wife) played Old Mother Riley's daughter Kitty. Neither of these portrayals were very plausible: Lucan's 'Irish' accent was just as obviously fake as his allegedly female gender. The running conceit of McShane's character is that Kitty is supposed to be extremely gorgeous. (She was mildly pretty in the earlier films, but less so later ... especially when the camera catches her in profile so we can see her nose in all its glory.) 'Old Mother Riley's Circus' isn't very funny (neither are any of the others in the series), but this feature benefits from a higher budget than most of the others, and by a rousing tap-dance number by a shapely brunette who is unmentioned in the credits. There are some impressive (and expensive) burst wipes during the opening credits. This time, Old Mother Riley is given a backstory that renders Lucan's character even more implausible than usual. Years ago, Old Mother Riley was the young and beautiful Maggie O'Hara, a star in the variety halls until her no-good husband George left her and took their infant daughter Kitty. The elderly Lucan is utterly implausible as an old woman. To assert that 'she' used to be a beautiful young actress is a notion that's too grotesque to be funny. When Old Mother Riley mentions that she performed in tights, the mental image is not a pleasant one. When Old Mother Riley is offered a job in a cinema, and she covets one of the scanty uniforms worn by the pretty usherettes, this is apparently meant to seem like the wistful desire of an old woman to relive her young days as a beauty. As Lucan performs the scene, he comes off like an old drag queen drooling over a new frock. Intriguingly, although male actor Lucan is playing a biological female in all the Mother Riley films, they usually contained at least one reference to Lucan's true gender. In 'Circus', this comes when an actor says scornfully of Mother Riley: 'Anyone can see SHE's no lady!' Speaking of cross-gender casting, there's a very bizarre scene between Old Mother Riley and a young clerk at the labour exchange. The c	Withnail & I Actor Richard Griffiths Dies Weather Withnail & I Actor Richard Griffiths Dies Tributes are paid to Richard Griffiths, star of Withnail & I, The History Boys and the Harry Potter films, who has died aged 65. 09:58, UK, Friday 29 March 2013 Video: Potter Actor Richard Griffiths Dies Mail Actor Richard Griffiths, best known for his roles in The History Boys, Withnail & I and Pie In The Sky, has died. He died of complications following heart surgery at the University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire. He was 65. Born in Thornaby-on-Tees in North Yorkshire in 1947, Griffiths established himself as a much-loved character actor in dozens of films and television series over five decades. His best-known roles included his turn as the lascivious Uncle Monty in the cult 1987 movie Withnail & I, and as Hector in the stage and film version of Alan Bennett's The History Boys. He had recently been introduced to a new generation of fans with his performances as Vernon Dursley in the Harry Potter films. Image Caption: Receiving his OBE from the Queen Griffiths worked with big-name Hollywood directors - featuring in Martin Scorsese's Hugo and Tim Burton's Sleepy Hollow - as well as appearing in TV comedies like The Vicar Of Dibley, Ted And Ralph and Lovejoy. Between 1994 and 1997 he starred in the BBC series Pie In The Sky as detective-turned-restaurateur Henry Crabbe. Video: Director's Tribute To 'Great Actor' Having originally made his name on stage with Shakespearean roles including Falstaff and Bottom, he appeared last year as the Duke of Burgundy in Henry V as part of the BBC's celebrated Hollow Crown series. He had recently been appearing in Neil Simon's The Sunshine Boys with Danny DeVito in the West End and had been due to reprise his role in the production in Los Angeles in September. He was awarded an OBE in 2008 for services to drama. Griffiths was famously said to have had little patience for people who allowed their mobile phones to ring in the theatre, reportedly stopping during a performance of The History Boys and telling the offending audience member: "I am asking you to stand up, leave this auditorium and never, ever come back." Born to deaf parents he learned sign language at an early age. He is survived by his wife, Heather Gibson. Richard E Grant, who played Withnail in Withnail & I, wrote on Twitter: "My beloved 'Uncle Monty' Richard Griffiths died last night. Chin-Chin my dear friend." Co-star Paul McGann wrote: "A brilliant, funny, principled man, and a true gent. Led the way on Withnail & I. Wore his great skill lightly and his great heart out. RIP." Daniel Radcliffe, who starred as Harry Potter and also appeared alongside Griffiths in the play Equus, led tributes to the actor. He said: "In August 2000, before official production had even begun on Potter, we filmed a shot outside the Dursleys', which was my first ever shot as Harry. "I was nervous and he made me feel at ease. "Seven years later, we embarked on Equus together. It was my first time doing a play but, terrified as I was, his encouragement, tutelage and humour made it a joy. "In fact, any room he walked into was made twice as funny and twice as clever just by his presence. I am proud to say I knew him." National Theatre director Sir Nicholas Hytner, who directed Griffiths in The History Boys and The Habit Of Art, said: "Richard Griffiths wasn't only one of the most loved and recognisable British actors - he was also one of the very greatest. "His performance in The History Boys was quite overwhelming: a masterpiece of wit, delicacy, mischief and desolation, often simultaneously. "But that was just one small part of a career that spanned Shakespeare, cutting-edge new plays and major work in film and television." His agent Simon Beresford said: "Richard brightened my days and enriched the life of anyone he came into contact with. "On stage he allowed us to share in our own humanity and constantly question our differences. Richard gave acting a good name. He was a remarkable man and one of our greatest and best-loved actors. He will be g	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,603	Who suggested a spoonful of sugar to help the medicine go down?	A spoonful of sugar really DOES help the medicine go down, say scientists \| Daily Mail Online A spoonful of sugar really DOES help the medicine go down, say scientists comments Mary Poppins sang its praises in the 1964 film and yesterday a scientist insisted she was right - a spoonful of sugar really does help the medicine go down. Experts discovered that infants who are given sugar feel less pain during injections than those who go without. Dr Paul Heaton, one of Britain's leading paediatricians, says a tiny amount of sugar can ease the suffering babies and toddlers feel when receiving jabs or blood tests. Pain relief: Paediatrician Dr Paul Heaton has discovered that a tiny amount of sugar can ease the suffering of babies when receiving injections A few drops of sucrose solution put on their tongues before an injection was found to act as an analgesia, effectively blocking the pain they felt in their arms or bottoms. Dr Heaton said: 'The sweet taste works through nerve channels in the tongue that perceive sweetness in the brain. 'The brain reacts by producing endorphins, a pain reliever. In babies a second pain-relieving compound is created by the action of sucking, called endocanabinoids.' Once they taste the solution, Dr Heaton noticed babies cried less and recovered more quickly from the procedures. Boiled sweets have long been given to tots in a bid to distract them from the pain, but tests have never been carried out to see if sugar alone can reduce it. Dr Heaton, 53, has spent more than 15 years researching ways to alleviate pain in children during injections at Yeovil District Hospital in Somerset. He claims his practical studies have revealed what mothers and fathers have known for generations - that a sweet treat works best. It really works: The film and stage character Mary Poppins sings 'a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down' The married father-of-two, whose findings have been published in medical journals over the years, is now spearheading a campaign to encourage other doctors to follow his lead. Dr Heaton said: 'The association of sweetness as making nasty things less nasty is a common practice in every day life. 'It didn't start with Mary Poppins - historic texts refer to Jews being given honey before they were circumcised. 'But we only started researching using sugar to relieve babies' pain in 1992. 'And since then, we have noticed incredible results, with the majority of youngsters crying less and recovering more quickly after receiving a sugar solution.' His research began 16 years ago when he started treating babies in New Zealand. He has continued the study since moving to Yeovil District Hospital in 2002. Studies have shown that young babies experience pain more easily and sharply than adults during injections or blood tests. He has given thousands of babies half a millimetre of sucrose solution, and recorded their reactions. They are given 'just enough to taste but not enough to swallow', which sparks a physiological reaction that numbs small amounts of pain. Dr Heaton said: 'Pain is not a natural feeling for babies. Their heart rate and blood pressure rise and very small babies can sometimes stop breathing. 'However, sweet tasting substances reduce their response to pain. 'They release natural substances which minimise the pain and enable quick and effective short-term relief.' Dr Heaton's research has even shown that babies who are saved the pain of early injections could enjoy a higher pain threshold later in life. He added: 'Research has also shown that if babies experience pain in the very early stages their nervous system becomes more sensitised to pain and this sensitivity can persist for a prolonged period.' Now he plans to spread the use of sugar being used to reduce pain in babies in hospitals, doctors' surgeries and medical centres across the UK and beyond. He said: 'Each baby born in the UK gets at least three or four jabs in the first six months of their lives. 'There are 750,000 babies born each year, so that's over three million injections which could be given in a more pain	DRUG PRODUCT PREPARATION- Liquid, Lotions, Ointments and Creams. There are couples of factors that we need to consider to prepare a liquid pharmaceutical product. These factors directly determine the patient acceptance and compliance to the products. There are over 9000 taste buds in our tongue, which distinguish salty, bitter, sweet and sour tastes. Drugs which dissolve in solution directly contact and stimulate these taste buds. Since most of the drugs taste bitter, palatability becomes a major concern in developing an oral liquid product. Palatability means the property of being acceptable to the mouth. It is affected by a combination of sensory perceptions such as taste, smell, texture, appearance and temperature of the products. We can "make our products" become appearing, if we optimize these factors. Low molecular weight salts usually taste salty, higher molecular weight salts and compounds containing nitrogen usually taste bitter. Organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups tend to be sweet. And, their sweetness increases, as the number of OH group increases. Esters, alcohols and aldehydes have pleasant taste and cool sensation. Altering taste perception by masking unpleasant tastes with a flavoring agent is a common way to produce palatable products. Cinnamon, raspberry, orange, maple, butterscotch, glycyrrhiza syrup are commonly used to mask the salty taste of oral liquid medications. Fruit, berry and vanilla are widely used to mask the sweetness of the medications. Cocoa, chocolate-mint, wild cherry, walnut and raspberry syrup are usually used to mask the bitter taste of the drug. Finally, fruit, citrus and cherry syrup are typically used to mask the sour taste. Other ways to improve the palatability of the product include manupulation of the product odor, temperature and texture. The scent of any oral solution should be pleasant, and correlate with its flavor. Cold drinks generally reduces unpleasant taste. Patients may loss their "medication-appetites", if they find a big chunk of undissolved solid in their oral liquid solution. Appearance of the products is very important. Clear, water-like solutions may be poorly accepted, as patients may think that it is lack of potency. Dark color such as black, dark purple and brown may also be rejected, as patients may think that it contains poisons. Patients generally accept fruity and more pleasant colors. When we formulate an oral liquid solution, we also need to consider the age of the patients. Children generally prefer sweet, fruity and candy-like tastes while elderly may prefer mint or even wine flavored vehicles. Finally, when we formulate a liquid product, we should also consider its texture, i.e. viscosity. Some patients may think that a less-viscous-solution is lack of potency (ie, not enough drug inside the solution) while more-viscous solution is unpleasant. PHARMACEUTICAL LOTIONS Lotions are usually liquid suspensions or dispersions. They consist of finely powdered, insoluble solids held in more or less permanent suspension by the presence of suspending agents and/or surfactants. Calamine Lotion (USP) is the classic example of this type of preparation. It can be prepared by triturating the ingredients into a smooth paste and then adding the remaining liquid phase. This procedure can be done manually by using pestle and mortar. However, high shear mixer or homogenizer can often produce a better dispersion. EXAMPLES OF LOTIONS Calamine Lotion Composition: calamine 8 g, zinc oxide 8 g, glycerin 2 mL, Avicel R Gel 2 g, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 2 g and calcium hydroxide solution about 50 mL. Procedure (1) Disperse Avicel R into 55 g of water to form a gel, (2) Mix the calamine, zinc oxide with the glycerin, the gel and the CMC, (3) Add sufficient amount of calcium hydroxide solution to make the final volume of 100 mL. Hydrocortisone Lotion Composition: hydrocortisone 10 g, chlorocresol 0.5 g, self-emulsifying monostearin 40 g, glycerol 63 g and purified water approximately 1000 g. Preparation: (1) Dissolve the chlorocresol in 850 mL of warm water, (2) A	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,604	What is the name of the eagle in the children’s television show ‘The Muppets’?	Sesame Workshop \| Muppet Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Sesame Workshop (formerly known as the Children's Television Workshop, or CTW for short) is the owner and sole proprietor of Sesame Street as well as the properties Dragon Tales , Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat , The Electric Company , 3-2-1 Contact , Square One TV , Big Bag , Pinky Dinky Doo, and the Sesame Studios YouTube channel. The CTW was founded in 1968 by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett as a non-profit corporation whose original purpose was to develop and produced an educational television show for preschool children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Michael Davis writes in Street Gang that "Regal twin portraits of Morrisett and Joan Cooney adorn the entranceway to the Workshops corporate offices at One Lincoln Plaza...", underscoring Morrisett's importance as co-founder of the Workshop. The first show that CTW produced was Sesame Street, which proved hugely successful. The Carnegie Corporation, the US Office of Education, and Ford Foundation provided the initial funding for the project. A few years after the success of Sesame Street, The Jim Henson Company worked with the company to develop another series, The Affect Show . However, The Affect Show didn't get past planning stages. In 1999, the Children's Televison Workshop, along with Nickelodeon , a division of MTV Networks owned by Viacom, launched a kids' channel called Noggin , featuring many classic kids' shows from both companies. Sesame Workshop later sold its half of the channel to Viacom on August 7, 2002. In 2000, the Children's Television Workshop changed its name to Sesame Workshop; by then, the company had expanded beyond television. [1] In concert with this name change, Sesame Workshop began to eliminate all references to CTW, such as cutting out the references in Sesame Street's closing credits and replacing all the old CTW logos on TV with the current Sesame Workshop animated logo, and replacing the "CTW" on the Sesame Street sign with "123". In December of the same year, The Jim Henson Company (then under ownership of the German media firm, EM.TV ) sold the rights to the Sesame Street Muppets for $180 million, giving Sesame Workshop full ownership of the Sesame Street Muppets. [2] Prior to the sale, The Jim Henson Company had owned the rights to the characters, but split revenue generated from merchandise with Sesame Workshop. When EM.TV put The Jim Henson Company up for sale in 2003, Sesame Workshop was one of the bidders for the property with Classic Media via bankrolled funds provided by Sony Pictures Entertainment. [3] In 2005, Sesame Workshop, along with Comcast, PBS , and HIT Entertainment , launched a new cable channel called PBS Kids Sprout . Sesame Workshop divested its stake in Sprout in December 2012. Sesame Workshop runs a critically acclaimed website, sesameworkshop.org . In late 2007, the organization launched the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, "to catalyze and support research, innovation and investment in digital media technologies to advance children's learning." On March 11, 2009, CEO Gary Knell released a statement announcing that Sesame Workshop was laying off 67 positions, or around 20% of it's staff of 355. Three months previously, Knell told Bloomberg Radio the company was "able to withstand" recessions, but not "immune". While revue increased 12% in 2008 to $145 million, operation expenses rose by 14% to $141 million and program expenses (which includes content distribution and licensing) rose $16.4 million to $116.4 million. [4] Another 12 were laid off in 2012, mostly in their digital media department. [5] Contents So, I only skimmed over [http://www.mercurynews.com/healthy-living/ci_24978997/muppets-mini-makeover-aims-boost-kids-health the Associated Pr... 2014-01-25T16:27:57Z	Griffins - The Eagle and the Lion - Crystalinks Griffins The Eagle and the Lion The griffin, griffon, or gryphon is a legendary creature with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle. As the lion was traditionally considered the king of the beasts and the eagle was the king of the birds, the griffin was thought to be an especially powerful and majestic creature. Griffins are known for guarding treasure and priceless possessions. Adrienne Mayor, a classical folklorist, proposes that the griffin was an ancient misconception derived from the fossilized remains of the Protoceratops found in gold mines in the Altai mountains of Scythia, in present day southeastern Kazakhstan. In antiquity it was a symbol of divine power and a guardian of the divine. Some have suggested that the word griffin is cognate with Cherub. Over the centuries the griffin - as with other mythological creatures - has taken many shapes. The griffin has served many purposes, including but not limited to "the vigilant guardian of treasure and of kings. It has been called "The Hounds of Zeus ". It has pulled the chariots of Pharaoh, Apollo, Nemesis, and Alexander the Great. A major heraldic animal, it has been emblazoned on the shields of knights and on the coats of arms and royalty. It has been watchful and loyal, graceful and swift, rapacious and vengeful, monstrous and divine. While the griffin is a mortal enemy of horses, its magic talons have detected poison and its feathers have cured blindness. Winged lions are not true griffin, nor is the winged lion of the sea. All of them, though - along with countless other hybrid variations - are 'gryphonic.'" The three spellings for griffin are - gryphon, griffin and griffon. Most statues have bird-like talons, although in some older illustrations griffins have a lion's forelimbs; they generally have a lion's hindquarters. Its eagle's head is conventionally given prominent ears; these are sometimes described as the lion's ears, but are often elongated (more like a horse's), and are sometimes feathered. Infrequently, a griffin is portrayed without wings, or a wingless eagle-headed lion is identified as a griffin; in 15th-century and later heraldry such a beast may be called an alce or a keythong. Heraldry The unique form and noble look of the griffin made it perfect for heraldry. Female heraldic griffins on shields and crests have wings, while the males sport fans of spines growing from their shoulders. They live on today at Renaissance festivals and in our imagination. The male griffin is more usually shown, as in the Bevan family crest. Also they can be seen as sacred animals to the greek god Apollo. In heraldry, a griffin always has forelegs like an eagle's; the beast with forelimbs like a lion's forelegs was distinguished by perhaps only one English herald of later heraldry as the opinicus. The griffin's amalgamation of lion and eagle gains in courage and boldness, and is always drawn to powerful fierce monsters. It is used to denote strength and military courage and leadership. Griffins are portrayed with a lion's body, an eagle's head, long ears, and an eagle's claws, to indicate that one must combine intelligence and strength. In British heraldry, a male griffin is shown with wings, its body covered in tufts of formidable spikes. Architecture In architectural decoration the griffin is usually represented as a four-footed beast with wings and the head of an eagle with horns, or with the head and beak of an eagle. Gryphon statues mark the entrance to the City of London. History Depiction of griffins can be found in the 15th century BC frescoes in the Throne Room of the Bronze Age Palace of Knossos, as restored by Sir Arthur Evans. It continued being a favored decorative theme in Archaic and Classical Greek art. Achaemenid griffin at Persepolis In Central Asia the griffin appears about a thousand years after Bronze Age Crete, in the 5th-4th century BC, probably originating from the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenids considered the griffin "a protector from evil, witchcraft and secret sl	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,605	What was the name of the British Army officer who, in 1953, gained recognition as the leader of the successful British expedition to Mount Everest?	Henry Cecil John Hunt, KG, CBE, DSO, PC (1910 - 1998) - Genealogy Henry Cecil John Hunt, KG, CBE, DSO, PC Birthdate: Husband of Joy Mowbray-Green Occupation: British army officer who is best known as the leader of the successful 1953 British Expedition to Mount Everest. Managed by: Brigadier Henry Cecil John Hunt, Baron Hunt KG, PC, CBE, DSO, (22 June 1910 – 8 November 1998) was a British army officer who is best known as the leader of the successful 1953 British Expedition to Mount Everest. Early life and career Hunt was born in Simla, British India on 22 June 1910, the son of Captain Cecil Edwin Hunt MC, of the Indian Army, and a great-great-nephew of the explorer Sir Richard Burton. His father was killed in action during the First World War. As a child, Hunt, from the age of ten, spent much holiday time in the Alps, learning some of the mountaineering skills he would later hone while taking part in several expeditions in the Himalayas while serving in India. He made a guided ascent of Piz Palu at fourteen. He was educated at Marlborough College, Wiltshire, and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where he was awarded the King's Gold Medal and the Anson Memorial Sword. After Sandhurst, Hunt was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) in 1930. In 1931, the regiment was posted to India. He was promoted lieutenant in 1933. Despite his background he seems not to have been entirely comfortable with the prevailing social climate of the Raj. He preferred Rugby to Polo, and having already gained fluency in German and French he added Urdu and some Bengali. In 1934 he became a Military Intelligence officer in the Indian Army, with the local rank of captain, and was seconded to the Indian police. At this time the Indian independence movement was gaining ground, and Bengal was particularly affected. Hunt even worked undercover, gathering intelligence in Chittagong whilst dressed in Indian clothing. He returned to his regiment in 1935, having been awarded the Indian police medal. Throughout this period Hunt continued to climb in the Himalayas. In 1935, with James Waller's group, he attempted Saltoro Kangri, reaching 24,500 feet (7,470 m). This exploit led to his election to the Alpine Club and the Royal Geographical Society. He applied to join the 1936 Everest Expedition, but was turned down when an RAF medical discovered a minor heart problem. He married Joy Mowbray-Green on 3 September 1936, and she also took part (along with Reggie Cooke), in Hunt's 1937 Himalayan trip which included reconnaissance of Kangchenjunga, the south-western summit of Nepal Peak, and only the third ascent of the Zemu Gap, between Kangchenjunga and Simvo. Here they saw tracks that one of the party's Sherpas told them were those of the Yeti. 1938 saw a further period of secondment to Military Intelligence, and promotion to substantive captain. Second World War Upon returning to the United Kingdom in 1940, Hunt became chief instructor at the Commando Mountain and Snow Warfare School, Braemar. He returned to regimental duty in 1943 as a war substantive major and acting lieutenant-colonel, commanding officer of the 11th battalion of the KRRC, leading them in the Italian Campaign. In 1944, Hunt received an immediate award of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his leadership in bitter fighting on the Sangro river, in addition to his battalion, he commanded attached troops from other arms, and the recommendation for his DSO shows that he was constantly in the forefront of the fighting, organising raids and ambushes to keep the enemy forces on the back foot, and himself leading reconnaissance patrols deep behind enemy lines. In October 1944 his battalion was transferred to Greece, just as the tensions that would lead to the Greek Civil War were becoming evident. In Greece he was appointed temporary brigadier and given command of the 11th Indian Infantry Brigade at Patras. He described attempting to keep the peace between the various factions as, "the most tense and difficult period in all my experience, before or sinc	Book review: All for the King's Shilling, The British Soldier Under Wellington, 1808-1814 - napoleon.org facebook The expression “scum of the earth” uttered by Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, has become etched in history as a great commander's miserable opinion of his men. In a letter to Henry, Third Earl Bathurst, from Huarte Spain, on 2 July, 1813, Wellington wrote, “we have in the service the scum of the Earth as common soldiers.” His opinion did not change with time. On 4 November, 1813, he declared in a conversation with Philip Henry, Fifth Earl Stanhope, “I don't mean to say that there is no difference in the composition or therefore the feeling of the French army and ours. The French system of conscription brings together a fair sample of all classes; ours is composed of the scum of the Earth—the mere scum of the Earth. It is only wonderful that we should be able to make so much out of them afterward. The English soldiers are fellows who have enlisted for drink—that is the plain fact—they have all enlisted for drink.” In his new addition to the University of Oklahoma Press' Campaigns and Commanders series, All for the King's Shilling, Edward J. Coss, assistant professor of military history at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, tries to bring to light the soldier's real motives for enlisting in the British army in the 19th century, as well as the real reason that Wellington's “scum of the earth” won so many victories against the Imperial French army. In the process of researching fourteen British line regiments, four cavalry regiments, and the Artillery Corps in the National Archives at Kew (formerly called the Public Record Office) outside London, Coss found that the majority of their personnel were laborers, drafted because they could not find any work in the cities. A great rise in the British population, combined with the increasing use of machines in industrial production left many workers facing prospects of starvation. For many, the only alternative was to enlist in one of the king's regiments. Of those unemployed enlistees, 48 percent were of Irish origin. The regular army had a bad reputation in Britain at that time and Coss makes clear how bad conditions were for the common soldier. Exhausted from continuous marches, short on food and supplies, with wages always delayed by the government, the British soldier was compelled to survive by plundering the local populations of Portugal and Spain. Although Wellington criticised those who opposed flogging as a method of punishment—in his mind, the only way to keep discipline—he was well aware of why his troops resorted to looting. In a series of letters he demanded a proper supply system for the army and complained that the government seemed to care less about the fate of his soldiers and their families than it did for the families of those serving in the home militia. Wellington himself sometimes permitted his soldiers to loot, as happened in the second siege of Badajoz, rationalizing, “I believed it has always been understood that the defenders of a fortress stormed have no claim to quarter.” During the plundering that followed the fall of Badajoz, Wellington recalled one drunken soldier, “heavily laden with plunder,” telling him, “We poor Fellows, fights hard and gets nothing,” to which the general said nothing in reply. Coss believes that the common British soldiers, underfed, sometimes barefoot, neglected by their country, could only survive by supporting each other. Sleeping in groups of six to fend off the cold at night developed a tight cohesion among the men. If someone in the group wronged one of his comrades the grave penalty was ostracism. As Coss writes, the British rank and file may have earned their daily shilling from the king, but they fought for each other. In spite of the Royal Navy's great victory of Trafalgar in 1805, it is quite possible that Napoleon would have ultimately victorious had it not been for Wellington's “scum”. Combining a brilliant commander with the comradeship that developed amon	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,606	Whose report in December 1942 led to the setting up of the N.H.S.?	The Cabinet Papers \| 1940's Origins of the Welfare State You are here: Cabinet Papers home > A level studies > The Welfare State > 1940's Origins of the Welfare State 1940's Origins of the Welfare State In December 1942 William Beveridge , a senior civil servant, identified five 'giant evils' that plagued society: Disease Squalor Idleness He published his findings in a popular report titled 'Social Insurance and Allied Services'. Britain's National Insurance system had previously been looked after by different agencies (including charities and government departments) and was in a fragmented state. In recommending new ways to relieve the five 'giant evils', Beveridge became known as the Father of the Welfare State, although he disliked the term. Beveridge had social security in mind: in return for paying a national insurance contribution, the citizen would gain security against the major ills. Beveridge insisted on the contributory element to the programme, as he did not want to damage people's sense of independence and personal responsibility. Neither did he want to redistribute wealth between classes, believing people should be free to better themselves if they had the ability and possibility to do so. First measures The first of Beveridge's proposals came into effect before the war ended. In 1944 a Ministry of National Insurance was set up in Newcastle, and in June 1945 the Conservative government passed the Family Allowances Act. The payments were 5 shillings for every child per week, lower than Beveridge had proposed, and only given from the birth of the second child. Campaigners were pleased, but further progress had to wait for the general election in July 1945. The result was a landslide victory for the Labour Party under Clement Attlee . Attlee had campaigned hard under the banner of the creation of a Welfare State and now seized upon Beveridge's proposals as a basis for radical action. National insurance and assistance Beveridge recommended that means testing, and other fragmented approaches to helping those in need, be replaced by one system. All workers would pay into a national insurance scheme run by the government instead of insurance companies. There would be a flat rate contribution and everyone would be entitled to a flat rate benefit. The flat rate for unemployment or sickness insurance would be high enough and long lasting enough that there would be no need for public assistance. In order to remove poverty there would be extra benefits that provided for children and health care. Overall, there was very little opposition to government plans. As British historian Kenneth Morgan put it: 'The Welfare State, the other main government initiative of this period, also excited only limited controversy. All parties and all commentators, it seemed, emerged from the war beneath the mighty intellectual shade of William Beveridge and the 'cradle to the grave' philosophy.' - Kenneth Morgan, The People's Peace, 2001 This was surprising, as Beveridge himself did not want people to become dependent on the Welfare State, and wanted benefits to be fairly limited. National Insurance Act 1946 The National Insurance (NI) Act was passed in 1946. NI now became compulsory for all workers except married women. Most people paid the fairly substantial 4s 11d a week (almost as much as received for each child in family allowance per week). In return, workers received benefits for 'interruption of earnings' as a result of illness, and for unemployment or old age. For the elderly, a state pension was paid when men reached 65 and women reached 60. Older workers were encouraged to continue working and two thirds of men decided to carry on rather than take up their pension. Mothers received a lump sum on the birth of each child and if they had been paying NI, received an allowance for 18 weeks. A death grant gave widows help with funeral expenses and as an extension to the scheme, the Industrial Injuries Act gave compensation for people injured or killed at work. The hope was to have all of Beveridge's plans in operation by 1948 - but th	The Quarterly Bulletins - The Junior Military Historical Society The Junior Military Historical Society posted 28 Jan 2012, 07:18 by JHMS JMHS : February Bulletin 2012 VOL 2. “First Edition” February 2012 Chairman : Col Tim Wright Editor : Mrs Caroline J. Eddleston Writer, Contributor & Member of the M.H.S JMHS e:mail cas54edd@yahoo.co.uk 1. Letter from the editor - wishing members a Happy New Year & introducing a new member. 2. 90th Anniversary of The Royal British Legion 3. Lady Haig’s poppies - Scotland 4. Rememberance Sunday 2011 Andrew Marr Show BBC, “Talking to Gen. Sir Peter Wall, The Head of The British Army 5. War Horse! The film. 6. Warrior - A real life War Horse, bred by General Jack Seely with interesting commentary by Brough Scott, the General’s Grandson and famous author, writer & contributor to newspaper columns about Horse Racing and the Comment Column The Horse and Hound magazine. 8. Harold the Dog - a tale from 1914 told by our Chairman Col. Tim Wright 7. RHA Gunner, William F.Pressey, author of “All for a Shilling a Day”. 9. Ideas for the May Bulletin. 1. Letter from the Editor. Dear Members! Welcome to the JMHS February Bulletin for 2012. As you can see from the Contents list, we have much to interest you in our first Bulletin of VOL. 2 for the New Year. We, at JMHS, hope you all had a great christmas and will start to send in your contributions for our May Bulletin! We are all delighted to welcome a new member of the JMHS who asked to join by the now ‘defunct’ Facebook Connection! Please tell all your friends that all they have to do is e.mail me, Caroline Eddleston @ my e:mail address - cas54edd@yahoo.co.uk With their name and the magic letters, JMHS! Anyway, Caselyn Eupymia Llavor joined up on 26th December 2011. We are absolutely delighted and look forward to hearing form Caselyn with a letter or a contribution for the May Bulletin. We hope you enjoy reading the Bulletin and look forward to receiving your comments. Caroline J. Eddleston Editor. 2. The 90th Anniversary of The Royal British Legion. The official opening of the Field of Remembrance in Westminster took place on Thursday 10th November at 11am 2011. There was a service of of Remembrance at 11am within the grounds of Westminster Abbey but in 2011 it was for Regimental Associations only and was by special invitation. In previous years members of the public were able to participate but it became very overcrowded so the Abbey authorities along with the Metropolitan Police decided to limit the numbers allowed. Everybody was welcome to join in the 2mins silence at 11am outside the Queen Elizabeth 2nd Conference Centre opposite Westminster Abbey and afterwards those who attended had refreshments in the Central Hall Westminster from 11am-3pm. The public were also invited to join the various invited personnel in the field from 12.30pm. On Friday 11the November the field was open to visitors daily from 9am 11.11.11 until 4pm Sunday 20th November. The Tale of the Unknown Warrior. A chaplain from the Front, named David Railton, had the amazing idea of honouring all those who died without identification during the First World War. Sometime in 1916 David came across a grave in a garden in Armentieres, in France. The grave had a simple wooden cross marking it and the words “An Unknown British Soldier” had been drawn on it. However, it was after the war around 1920 that he suggested Britain should officially honour all the unknown war dead. So some six bodies were dug up from the battlefields in France and the remains were covered with a Union Jack flag. These unknown heroes were temporarily left overnight in a chapel in St.Pol. Brigadier-General L.J.Wyatt, the commander of the British troops who served their country in France and Flanders was then invited to select just one. This fellow who was known by nobody as he had no identification, was then placed in beautiful handmade oak coffin from Hampton Court, and he was transported to Dover on the Destroyer HMS Verdun to England. It was	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,607	Who established Britain's first printing press in 1476?	History of Newspapers by the NMA William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. 1549 First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. 1621 First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. 1649 Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles I's execution. 1690 Worcester Postman launched. (In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). 1702 Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. 1709 First Copyright Act; Berrow's Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. 1712 First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. 1717 The Kentish Post and Canterbury Newsletter launched. It took on its current name, Kentish Gazette, in 1768. 1718 Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). 1737 Belfast News Letter founded (world's oldest surviving daily newspaper). 1748 Aberdeen Journal began (Scotland's oldest newspaper - now the Press & Journal). 1772 Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshire's oldest paper. 1788 Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. 1791 Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. 1906 Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies. 1907 National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. 1915 Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). 1922 Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. 1928 Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. 1931 Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. 1936 Britain's first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgow's Daily Record). 1944 Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). 1946 Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). 1953 General Council of the Press established. 1955 Month-long national press strike. Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. 1959 Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. 1960 Photocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. 1964 The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. 1969 Murdoch's News International acquired The Sun and News of the World. 1976 Nottingham Evening Post is Britain's first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. 1978 The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. 1980 Association of Free Newspaper founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. 1981 News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. 1983 Industrial dispute at Eddie Shah's Messenger group plant at Warrington. 1984 Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband & wife team Chris & Pat Bullivant. 1986 News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launchedToday, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched. 1987 News International took over Today. 1988 RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. 1989 Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. 1990 First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch of The European (by Maxwell) and Independent on Sunday. 1991 Press Complaints Commission replaced the Press Council. AFN folded. Death of Robert Maxwell (November). Management buy-out of Birmingham Post and sister titles. Midland Independent Newspapers established. 1992 Management buy-out by Caledonian Newspapers of Lonrho's Glasgow titles, The Herald and Evening Times. 1993 Guardian Media Group bought The Observer. UK News set up by Northcliffe and Westminster Press as rival news agency to the Press Association. Second Calcutt report into s	Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Twentieth Century Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Twentieth Century A Concise History of the British Newspaper, century by century, complied by our experts. Illustrated Weekly Budget 14 November 1908. British Library Newspaper Library. Copyright © The British Library Board 1902 - Jan 17 : Times Literary Supplement launched. 1903 - Nov 2 : Daily Mirror launched by Harmsworth. First daily illustrated exclusively with photographs. 1907 : National Union of Journalists founded. 1908 - Nov 14 : Illustrated Weekly Budget launched: 'The only 1d newspaper in the world printed in colour'. Only seven issues published. 1909 - March 2 : Daily Sketch launched. Merged with the Daily Mail in 1971. 1911 : Copyright Act. 1911 - Jan 25 : Daily Herald launched. First newspaper to sell two million copies. 1913 - April 12 : New Statesman founded by Sidney Webb. 1914 - March 11 : First half-tone in the Times: a 4 by 3 inch picture of the Rokeby Venus, damaged in a Suffragette demonstration. 1915 : 'Teddy Tail' - first British comic strip - in the Daily Mail. 1915 - March 14 : Sunday Pictorial launched by Rothermere. Became Sunday Mirror in 1963. 1916 : Daily Express bought by Max Aitken (later Lord Beaverbrook). 1918 - Dec 29 : Sunday Express launched. 1922 - Aug 14 : Death of Lord Northcliffe. 1924 - Nov 2 : First crossword in a British newspaper, in the Sunday Express. 1926 - May : Most newspapers suspended during the General Strike. Government publishes British Gazette; TUC publishes British Worker. 1930 - Jan 1 : Daily Worker launched. Became Morning Star in 1966. 1930 - Feb 1 : First Times crossword. 1930 - June 2 : News Chronicle formed by the merger of the Daily News and the Daily Chronicle. Merged with Daily Mail in 1960. 1931 : Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. 1932 - Aug 23 : British Museum Newspaper Library opened at Colindale in North London. 1934 - Oct 18 : Daily Mail publishes the first photograph to be transmitted by beam radio (from Melbourne to London). 1938 - Oct 1 : Picture Post launched by Edward Hulton. Ceased publication in 1957. 1940 : Newsprint rationing introduced. 1940 - Nov 26 : Death of Lord Rothermere. 1941 : Daily Worker and Week suppressed. 1947 : First Royal Commission on the Press. Sunday Pictorial 14 March 1915. British Library Newspaper Library. Copyright © The British Library Board Enlarge 1953 : General Council of the Press formed. 1954 - Oct 3 : The Manchester Sunday paper, Emire News, sets up its first Cardiff edition as 'Wales's Own Sunday Paper: Printed in Wales for Wales'. 1959 - Aug 24 : Manchester Guardian changes title to the Guardian, based in London. 1961 : Second Royal Commission on the Press. 1961 - Feb 5 : Sunday Telegraph launched. 1962 - Feb 4 : Launch of Sunday Times magazine as Sunday Times Colour Section. 1964 : Press Council replaces General Council of the Press. 1964 - June 9 : Death of Lord Beaverbrook. 1964 - Sept 6 : Observer colour supplement launched. 1964 - Sept 15 : Daily Herald becomes the Sun. 1964 - Sept 25 : Daily Telegraph magazine launched. 1966 : Times bought by Roy Thomson, owner of the Sunday Times. 1966 - May 3 : Times begins printing news on the front page. 1969 : News of the World bought by Rupert Murdoch. 1969 - Nov 17 : Sun re-launched as a tabloid by Rupert Murdoch. 1973 : Y Dinesydd launched in Cardiff: the first of the Welsh-language community papers ['papurau bro'] established in Wales. 1974 : Third Royal Commission on the Press. 1976 : Evening Post (Nottingham) becomes the first British newspaper to introduce direct input by journalists. 1978 - Nov 2 : Daily Star launched. 1978 - Dec 1 : Publication of the Times and Sunday Times suspended for eleven months. 1979 : Financial Times launches international edition in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 1980 : Daily Star printed simultaneously by facsimile in London and Manchester. 1980 : British Library Newspaper Library Newsletter launched. Became Newspaper Library News in 1997. 1980 - Oct 31 : Closure of Evening News leaves London with just one evening new	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,608	"In Greek mythology, which character carried a rod called ""a caduceus""? (kad-oo-see-us)"	Greek Mythology: Hermes GREEK MYTHOLOGY And His Magic Wand Hermes, the messenger god on Mount Olympus, had a magic wand called a Caduceus, which was given to him by Apollo. The Caduceus is a rod or staff framed by two intertwined snakes; at the top of the staff are two wings. The Caduceus symbolizes the spinal column, the central conduit for the Psychic Force, or nerve energy, which animates all the organs and members of the body. The places where the snakes cross represent the spinal energy centers or chakras of the subtle body. The two snakes represent the two complementary halves of the nervous system: motor and sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic. For optimal functioning of the nervous system, these complementary halves must be balanced. Hermes, also called Mercury by the Romans, is sometimes pictured as a hermaphrodite, or a person who is half male and half female. So it is with the nervous system; it is neither emissive/masculine/Yang, nor is it receptive/feminine/Yin, because it incorporates both principles, or polarities. The essence of the nervous system is communication, and Hermes, or Mercury, is the god of communication, transportation, and commerce. Greek mythology also depicts Hermes as a clever trickster, sent out on missions by Zeus and other Olympian gods to do their dirty work. And so, Hermes symbolizes the Mercurial adaptability of the mind, which must survive by living by its wits and ingenuity. Esoterically speaking, the two intertwining snakes of the Caduceus symbolize the lunar Ida and solar Pingala channels of yogic philosophy, which must be cleared and balanced in order for the kundalini energy, or serpent power, to ascend from the base of the spine to the crown, producing enlightenment. In the Western esoteric tradition, this is called the Alchemical Marriage. Snakes also have a profound symbolic significance in science, medicine and healing. The snake, which periodically molts, or sheds its skin, is a symbol of healing, regeneration and renewal. In ancient Greece snakes, which move about without any visible means of support or locomotion, were considered to be the wisest and cleverest of all animals. Asclepius' staff has only one snake entwined around it, which symbolizes healing, regeneration, and the consummate skill of the medical art. Hermes' Caduceus has two intertwined snakes, which, in addition to all the above, also represent the need for balance, or homeostasis, for optimum health maintenance and disease prevention. It seems as if snakes were also solar symbols. Apollo, who gave the Caduceus to Hermes, is often pictured with snakes. And the staff of Asclepius, son of Apollo, has a snake entwined around it. The sun, as the source of all Life and energy in our universe, is deeply connected with healing and the expression of vitality and wellbeing in general.	Greek Myth Book Report: Prometheus Steals Fire From Heaven :: essays research papers Greek Myth Book Report: Prometheus Steals Fire From Heaven Title - Prometheus Steals Fire From Heaven Author - Shortened, Simplified version of real story. Author Unknown I. Setting: The setting for the story Prometheus Steals Fire From Heaven is In heaven, Earth, Olympus, and Mt. Caucasus. The time period is that of when there were only the (Greek) gods, and no men on earth, and none of the animals seemed worthy to rule the rest. II. Point of View: Omniscient point of view III. Characters: Zeus - Zeus is the ruler of the universe. At one point in the story Zeus was Jealous of others' powers. Zeus also had a bad temper and was mad at Prometheus for stealing heavens fire and chained Prometheus high on Mt. Caucasus, forever. He is one of 2 antagonists in the story. Hera - Queen of heaven , no significant part in story. Prometheus - The major protagonist in the story. Prometheus was one of the Titans (parents of the gods). He always thought of the positive side of things, and never let anyone or thing phase him. He proudly endured pain and showed his agony to none, all for inferior humans. Epimetheus - A minor part in the story. Epimetheus was the brother of Prometheus. Hephaestus - This minor character is heaven's lame smith. His part is somewhat significant later in the story, but he has no say in what he does, even if it is wrong. Pandora - Pandora was made by Zeus. She was made to curb man's power. As beautiful as a goddess, the immortals bestowed gifts on her to make her more captivating. Pandora is the 2nd antagonist in the story. IV. Theme The hero's mission is to create a man like figure on the Earth, with the power of fire. Pandora accidentally opened a jar full of disease, envy, revenge, spite, and other evils which went on man, down on the earth, but she closed it. The only thing left in it was hope. That is all man had now - hope. Prometheus completed his mission, even though he was chained up on the side of the mountain and tormented the rest of his life. V. Plot There was a time when there was no gods, and Heaven and Earth alone existed. From their union sprung the Titans, and the children of the Titans, the gods rebelled and overthrew them. Now there was no men on Earth so Prometheus had a task of making one. He mixed clay with water, kneaded it, shaped it, and made it look rather god like in shape. He made it stand upright How to Cite this Page MLA Citation: Sort By: so man could look up at the stars, as opposed to down on the Earth, like the animals. Now Prometheus had to give man gifts to make him superior to all the animals. Unfortunately, his brother Epimetheus already had given all the great gifts to the animals, and there was nothing left for man. Then Prometheus thought of a great idea, that would enable man to make weapons, tools, master the arts, protect them from nature, and slay beasts, among other things. So Prometheus lit his torch at the chariot of the sun, and went back down to Earth. Zeus was mad because the human was a great match for the animals on earth, and perhaps even for the gods, so he made woman, lovely as a goddess. All the gods gave her gifts to make her even better. She was named Pandora - Gift of All. Epimetheus was enchanted with Pandora so he took her into his home, where he had a jar with certain gifts that he had never given out to animals, and e warned her to stay far away from that jar. She thought it would do no harm if she just peeked in to see what was there, but as soon as she did, out came a host of evil plagues, and all manner of disease, envy, spite, revenge, and they spread out far and wide. She quickly clapped on the lid only to find it almost completely empty. Only hope had remained -- hope which never leaves mankind. Zeus was no longer worried about the power of mankind but he was furious because Prometheus had stole heaven's fire. Zeus summoned Hephaestus who was heavens lame smith. Prometheus was chained on the top of Mt. Caucasus, where a vulture would p	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,609	Which car-racing simulation game is the best-selling video game of all time on both Playstation and Playstation 3?	Stage 5 Full Motion Racing Simulator Stage 5 Full Motion Racing Simulator < SimXperience Stage 5 Motion Simulator Ships to Your Door, Ready to Run Stage 5 NASCAR Simulator in Suite at Bristol Motor Speedway Stage 5 Racing Simulator In Standard Trim with three 47 Inch LED TV's $26,000 USD Delivered in the Continental U.S. with On-Site PC Setup Financing now available in the US! Requirements The SimXperience Stage 5 Motion Racing Simulator is simply everything you need to enjoy professional racing simulation in your home or facility and it's delivered ready to run. Whether your interested in preparing for an upcoming race or just want to have some fun the SimXperience Stage 5 will exceed your expections. Our team of of software, harware and electronics engineers have crafted one of the most advanced, customizable and immersive simulations available at any price point. When compared feature by feature with the competition, the Stage 5 is a clear winner. Unparalleled Motion Quality & Realism Simulates Rear Traction Loss and Rear Wheel Hop (key component of race driver training programs)!! Excellent road surface perception via 250 motion updates per second Inline Dampeners make motion more fluid and less digitized. Based On Olympic Training Principles SimXperience Exclusive SimVibe Technology Compliments Motion With True Physics Based Vibratory / Tactile Feedback At All Four Corners Realtime customizable motion profiles can be custom tuned to represent any vehicle with ease! Simulates vehicle weight transfer in addition to road texture and G-Forces Powerful 500W Dolby 5.1 Surround System with Wireless Remote Powerful Custom Simulation PC (external for easy maintenance and upgrades) Three 55 inch Low Latency Commercial Display Screens Compatible with a variety of VR systems such as the Oculus Rift Power Height Adjudstable (push button) Rigid Triple Screen Mount Power Adjustable (push button) Pedal Distance Telescoping Wheel Custom SimXperience Seat Optimizes Lateral G Sensation AccuForce Pro Sim Steering System Professional HPP 3-Pedal Set for Realistic Braking Pressure Provides Touch Capable Virtual Gauges, Charting, Realtime Motion Adjustments and Realtime Tactile Adjustments Modular Design (Easily Bolt On Future Simulation Modules) Structural Rigidity (Built From 2" Tube Steel) Powder Coated Finish Industrial Grade Construction Suitable for Racing Centers and Frequent Use Scenarios. Simple as a single button click to get started. Driver Training Packages Available It's everything you need to obtain an incredible motion simulation experience in an easy to use package SimXperience simulators create the ultimate immersion by employing a variety of techniques. First and foremost we manipulate your inner ear / sense of balance to create a sense of motion. We combine this with minute body pressure cues by creating just enough roll and pitch to utilize your body weight to create these pressures. Finally, we combine the the body pressure and sense of balance manipulation with kinesthesia (skeletal and muscle pressure manipulation). Our simulators are designed to optimize the principles of kinesthesia and proprioception . This concept is often applied in advanced Olympic training programs. The fact is that no simulator can provide the full G-Forces, torque, etc.. that an actual vehicle can, therefore a simulator must fool the brain into perceiving these effects in an immersive manner. We achieve this with the three concepts described above, emphasizing muscle pressures. The key to creating the properly scaled muscle pressures lies in the fact that we choose not to move the wheel and pedals, and only the occupant. You can easily see how under braking, for example, that we can apply the same pressure to the muscles in your wrist and forearms as would be applied in an actual vehicle. Simulators that attempt to move the entire cockpit (wheel included) could only create these pressures if they were able to create the exact same G-Forces as the real vehicle AND sustain them. Simple vibrating seat paddle simulators can create neither the	Tilke GmbH Saves Time and Money, Expands Business With Multicolour 3D Printing \| 3D Systems HOME / RESOURCES / SUCCESS STORIES / Tilke GmbH Saves Time and Money, Expands Business With Multicolour 3D Printing Tilke GmbH Saves Time and Money, Expands Business With Multicolour 3D Printing "When a client can see a model in 3D and is able to physically pick up buildings, see how they are positioned relative to one another and how they fit into the landscape the effect is much more impressive." - Franz Schleibach, Tilke GmbH Using Color Jet Printing technology from 3D Systems , a German architecture firm famous for building state-of-the-art Formula 1 race circuits around the world can now create precision 3D colour models of new building concepts and proposed track layouts, which include the topography of the development, site. The Lie of the Land Tilke GmbH was founded by Hermann Tilke; a one-time racing driver with a background in civil engineering, and his Partner Peter Wahl. Twenty-four years later Tilke employs more than 200 people and has overseas offices in Mexico, Singapore, Abu Dhabi and Bahrain. Today, the company's expertise is in demand by clients also wishing to build unique sports facilities and clubs, including owners of private racetracks, golf courses and equestrian centres. Fifty years ago motor races were typically staged on disused aerodromes or closed stretches of public roads. These days motor sport is an international business, especially Formula 1 where countries and cities compete to host one of only 18 or so races held annually around the world. Those aspirants who are granted the opportunity often commission stunning new circuits to 'wow' visitors and to impress the global media. Challenge Modern F1 motor racing circuits are akin to small cities. Many have hotels, bars and restaurants, shopping areas and hospitality and media amenities, not to mention the usual facilities necessary to accommodate the F1 'circus' and its fans. To make matters more complicated for thedesigners, the topography of a typical race circuit can be anything but flat, with hills, crests and drops all intended to make the track more challenging for the drivers andthe race more spectacular for the audience. Building accurate models of a proposed new circuit, including faithful representations of the site, has, until now, been extremely time consuming and very expensive. Solution Since 1994, architectural and engineering firm Tilke GmbH has been the leading designer of Formula 1 circuits and on-site facilities. At one of its two offices in Aachen, Germany, the company uses a ProJet 460 (Previously sold as the Spectrum Z510) to build precision 3D colour models of proposed F1 circuits. One of the architects working at the conceptual stage of new projects is Bettina Noppeney. "Before we had the [ProJet 460], topography was very difficult to model, as were complex building structures and details," she says. "Now, using images, we are able to print 3D colour models of the track and its surrounding area. We can also print finely detailed 3D models of the many buildings we design, which make up the circuit complex. "The [ProJet 460 ] is ideally suited to the office environment. It eliminates nearly all of the hazards, waste, noise, and disposal issues that are associated with typical rapid prototyping systems and is a compact machine, which needs little space to operate. Results The man responsible for running the company's Color Jet printer is Franz Schleibach. Working with the firm's architects and engineers he provides 3D models of everything from structural components and electro-mechanical assemblies to large-scale composite layouts of a proposed site. "Using the printer we can present the client with an entire model of a proposed F1 complex. Before we invested in itr, we had to show the concept in 2D. When a client can see a model in 3D - and is able to physically pick up buildings, see how they are positioned relative to one another and how they fit into the landscape - the effect is much more impressive." "Even on the large,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,610	In which year did Dr Who first appear on our television screens played by William Hartnell?	Doctor Who (1963) - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com EDIT "My name is William Hartnell, and as Doctor Who, I make my debut on Saturday 23rd November at 5.15." Doctor Who is the longest-running science fiction TV series in history, airing initially from 1963 to 1989. The series told the story of the Doctor, a mysterious traveller in space and time, whose TARDIS can take him and his companions anywhere in time and space. Inevitably he finds evil at work wherever he goes… The series was postponed indefintely in 1989, but fans of the series would not allow it to die, and a whole cottage industry was created around original novels and audio-only productions. There was an abortive attempt to renew the franchise as a series of telemovies in the U.S., but ratings for the pilot were judged insufficient. In 2003, the BBC announced that, at long last, it would commission a revival of Doctor Who. The series, initially starring Christopher Eccleston as the Doctor, was launched in 2005. You can read about the new series here . Traditionally listed by production, the data on this site has now been amended to TV.com standards and lists each of the 697 broadcast episodes from the original series. I hope that you find the site useful, and that it might act as a springboard to the wider world of Doctor Who appreciation. TheOldBillmoreless	Popular UK Seventies TV Programmes Popular UK Seventies TV Programmes UK (BBC) Drama. BBC 1 1978-80; 1983; 1985; 1988-90 Based on the celebrated autobiographical novels of James Herriot, All Creatures Great and Small proved to be an enormous success as a TV series, inspired by a 1974 cinema version featuring Simon Ward, and its 1976 sequel, It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet starring John Alderton. With Christopher Timothy now pulling on the vet's wellies, the TV adaptation (with its echoes of Dr. Findlay's Casebook ) took viewers back to the 1930s as Herriot arrives at Skeldale House, home of the veterinary practice in the North Riding town of Darroby (the real-life Askrigg). There he joins senior partner Siegfried Farnon (Robert Hardy), his easy-going brother, Tristan (Peter Davidson), and housekeeper Mrs. Hall (Mary Hignett), helps to build up the practice and deals with all manner of agricultural and domestic animal ailments. If James is not preventing foot and mouth or groping around up a cow's posterior, he is treating the likes of Tricki-Woo, the pampered Pekinese owned by villager Mrs. Pumphrey (Margaretta Scott). James meets and marries Helen Anderson (Carol Drinkwater, later played by Lynda Bellingham) who later bears him a son, Jimmy (Oliver Watson), and a daughter, Rosie (Rebecca Smith). The series "ends" after three years when James and Tristan head off to join the war effort (Herriot's original novels had run out). A couple of Christmas specials kept the concept alive during the early 1980s, before public clamor was answered with a new series in 1988. The series ran for three more seasons, plus another Christmas special. The programme's sweeping theme music was composed by Johnny Pearson. Buy this series on DVD at Amazon.com UK (BBC) Antiques. BBC 1 1979- A Sunday afternoon favourite, Antiques Roadshow has travelled the length and breadth of the United Kingdom, inviting viewers to drop in and have their family heirlooms valued. Since the first broadcast in 1979, there has been much raiding of attics and basements across the land, in the hope of discovering something of value. Punters have queued up, cherished items in hand, awaiting the verdict of one of the experts, who have all been drawn from leading auction houses and dealerships. Participants have explained how the items came into their family's possession, and the specialists have then provided more background information, explaining where, when and by whom it was probably made, and winding up with a financial valuation. One piece a week has usually proved to be a real find -- a magnificent specimen of furniture, a long-lost work by a distinguished artist, etc. -- much to the delight of both the excited connoisseur and the gasping proprietor. Among the longest-serving experts are David Battie and Hugh Morley-Fletcher (both porcelain), Simon Bull (timepieces), Roy Butler (militaria), and David Collins and Philip Hook (both paintings). Some have become celebrities in their own right -- "potaholic" Henry Sandon, his son, John Sandon, furniture specialist John Bly, and ceramics man Eric Knowles, for instance. Hugh Scully hosted the proceedings for many years until his departure in 2000. A young person's special, entitled Antiques Roadshow - the Next Generation, has been screened occasionally. The main series also inspired a similarly successful American version of the same name, closely following the same format, that airs on the PBS network. ARE YOU BEING SERVED? UK (BBC) Situation Comedy. BBC 1 1973-9; 1981; 1983; 1985 Chock-full of nudge-nudge, wink wink innuendo, this long-running farce centers on the members of staff in the clothing department on the first floor of Grace Brothers. Clearly divided into male and female sections, supervised by department manager Mr. Rumbold (Nicholas Smith) and floor walker Captain Stephen Peacock (Frank Thornton), the clothing section employs some well-defined comedy stereotypes. On the men's side there is swishy homosexual Mr. Wilberforce Humphries (John Inman), declaring "I'm free" whenever a customer needs attention and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,611	The HQ of UEFA is in which Swiss town or city, on the shores of Lake Geneva?	UEFA Campus - UEFA.org UEFA.org The House of European Football in Nyon ©UEFA.com Published: Thursday 30 January 2014, 15.53CET Read more UEFA's administrative headquarters are situated in the town of Nyon on the banks of Lake Geneva in western Switzerland, and comprises a football campus of three buildings, as well as the Colovray Stadium. The main administration building, the House of European Football, was inaugurated on 22 September 1999 and officially opened for work on 5 October 1999. UEFA had known several homes before the House of European Football – Paris until 1959; the Swiss federal capital, Berne (until 1995, with two moves within the city in 1962 and 1974); and provisional offices in the Providentia insurance building in Nyon between 1995 and September 1999. After deciding to move from Berne in April 1993, UEFA and the Nyon municipal authorities signed the commitment to buy and sell the plot of land, 'La Colline', in July 1993, and Nyon commune council authorised the sale of the land to UEFA three months later. Late 1996 saw initial preparations, construction work – involving many local companies – began the following February, and the then UEFA president Lennart Johansson laid the foundation stone in a special ceremony on 18 April 1997. While UEFA has continued to grow rapidly, both in terms of activities and staff, facilities at the building also considered UEFA's further expansion in the future, with conference rooms equipped with simultaneous translation facilities and a restaurant included in the new complex. The offices are situated on the two upper floors of the building. In addition, the superstructures house another three conference rooms, and the car park provides space for 100 vehicles. UEFA's headquarters have continued to expand and keep pace with the development of European football. In October 2010, a second administrative building was inaugurated in Nyon, at a ceremony attended by UEFA's member national associations and the UEFA Executive Committee. The La Clairière building is located opposite the House of European Football, and has enabled UEFA to bring together some of its staff members who have been based at different sites. Circular in shape, the new four-level building meets high ecological and environmental standards, and can accommodate some 250 members of staff. The foundation stone for the building was laid in January 2009. A third UEFA building, Bois-Bougy – also built with environmental considerations in mind – opened for business in March 2012 . A total of 195 staff can be accommodated in this building. In April 2010, UEFA highlighted its commitment to its home town of Nyon and further developing European football by taking over the management of the Colovray Stadium opposite UEFA's headquarters . The stadium includes a main football pitch – which has been used for training by club and national teams – as well as track and field facilities and a restaurant. UEFA uses the Colovray complex for its own events, and has also set up a Centre of Refereeing Excellence (CORE) for young match officials. Sporting life in Nyon is flourishing as local clubs and sports associations take advantage of the facilities. ©UEFA.com 1998-2015. All rights reserved. Last updated: 09/12/14 17.20CET	About FIFA: Organisation - FIFA.com About FIFA Africa Cup of Nations 2017 14 Jan 2017 - 05 Feb 2017 - Gabon Official Draw - FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup 28 February 2017 - Bahamas Official Draw - FIFA U-20 World Cup 15 March 2017 - Korea You're logging in with Facebook You're logging in with Twitter You're logging in with Google+ Connect Login Error The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. This Facebook account is already present Your Club account has been locked due to a breach of our Terms of Service. Please set up a new account in line with the Club rules. Review the Club Rules . Alternatively, you can email us by completing our contact form . Please enter a valid email address The email address/password you submitted is wrong or could not be found. Please try again. If you are not a member of the FIFA.com Club, please register first. Log-in unsuccessful All Videos What we stand for FIFA’s mission is develop football everywhere and for all, to touch the world through its inspiring tournaments and to build a better future through the power of the game. Explore FIFA is a series of short animated films that bring you into our world with a visual and easy-to-understand explanation of how we go about carrying out this mission. About FIFA Who We Are The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is an association governed by Swiss law founded in 1904 and based in Zurich. It has 211 member associations and its goal, enshrined in its Statutes, is the constant improvement of football. Who We Are FIFA 1904 FIFA 1904 is a monthly magazine which is published as both a print edition and as a free online publication. The 68-page magazine contains in-depth stories and interviews about football from around the world, with a special focus on FIFA's development projects and activities, competitions, events and member associations. The print version is provided for free to FIFA's confederations and member associations, while the online version is available to all football fans right here on FIFA.com. Latest Media Releases The President Before being elected FIFA President, Gianni Infantino was the UEFA General Secretary since October 2009, having joined the organisation in 2000. Gianni led the fight against social ills and threats to the integrity of football in Europe, including all forms of discrimination, violence and hooliganism, and match-fixing. The President FIFA Secretary General In a humanitarian career with the United Nations that spanned 21-years, Fatma Samoura has been able to make a difference to millions of people through her work. On 20 June 2016, she began her first day in office as the first-ever female Secretary General of world football’s governing body. FIFA Secretary General FIFA Congress Bringing together every member association of FIFA, with each getting one vote, a Congress may be an Ordinary or an Extraordinary Congress. The Congress rules on modifications to the Statutes, addresses propositions from FIFA Council members and elects the FIFA President. Latest News FIFA Associations and Confederations With 211 associations affiliated to FIFA today, world football's governing body has been dubbed the "United Nations of Football ". Between 1975 and 2002 alone, more than 60 associations were accepted as members. FIFA supports the associations financially and logistically through various programmes and grants them a number of attractive rights and privileges. But they also have obligations. As representatives of FIFA in their countries, they must respect the statutes, aims and ideals of football's governing body and promote and manage our sport accordingly. Committees and other bodies FIFA Council and Bureau of the Council The FIFA Council is a non-executive, supervisory and strategic body that sets the vision for FIFA and global	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,612	According to the song, who left Kenny Rogers with four hungry children and crops in the field?	Lucille Lyrics - Kenny Rogers In a bar in Toledo Across from the depot On a bar stool she took off her ring I thought I'd get closer So I walked on over I sat down and asked her name When the drinks finally hit her She said I'm no quitter But I finally quit livin' on dreams I'm hungry for laughter I'm after whatever the other life brings In the mirror I saw him And I closely watched him I thought how he looked out of place He came to the woman Who sat there beside me He had a strange look on his face The big hands were calloused He looked like a mountain For a minute I thought I was dead But he started shakin' His big heart was breakin' He turned to the woman and said You picked a fine time to leave me Lucille With four hungry children And a crop in the field I've had some bad times Lived through some sad times But this time your hurtin' won't heal You picked a fine time to leave me Lucille After he left us I thought how she'd made him look small From the lights of the bar room To a rented hotel room We walked without talkin' at all She was a beauty But when she came to me She must have thought I'd lost my mind I could'nt hold her 'Cos the words that he told her Kept coming back time after time You picked a fine time to leave me Lucille With four hungry children And a crop in the field I've had some bad times Lived through some sad times But this time your hurtin' won't heal You picked a fine time to leave me Lucille	Famous Born Texans Famous Born Texans "Texas Born and Texas Bred ....When I die I'll Be Texas dead!" Abbott Willie Nelson was born in Abbott, Texas on April 30, 1933 Country music singer and songwriter. Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings were combined into a genre called outlaw country ("outlaw" because it did not conform to Nashville standards). They released an album called Wanted: The Outlaws! (Jessi Colter and Tompall Glaser), country music's first platinum album. In 1978, he had two more platinum albums, Waylon and Willie (a collaboration with Jennings) and Stardust. Willie Nelson has also been in several movies, which include Honeysuckle Rose, Barbarosa, Gone Fishinï¿½, and The Dukes of Hazzard. He has also made a guest appearance in numerous TV shows. Abilene Shae D'Lyn was born Shae D'lyn Sherertz in Abilene, Texas November 24, 1963. She is an actress known for her roles as Jane Cavanaugh in the series Dharma & Greg and as Cousin Vicki in the National Lampoon comedy Vegas Vacation. John Derran Lackey was born in Abilene, Texas on October 23, 1978. He is a starting pitcher for Los Angeles Angels. Lee Roy Parnell was born in Abilene, Texas on December 21, 1956. He is a country music singer, most famous for Tender Moment and What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am. Aguilares Pedro Gonzales-Gonzales was born Ramiro Gonzalez Gonzalez in Aguilares, Texas on December 21, 1926 and died on February 6, 2006) was an American character actor best known for his appearances in a number of John Wayne movies. AlanReed Billie Sol Estes (born 1924) was a scandal-ridden Texas-based financier best known for his association with U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and for having accused Johnson of a variety of crimes, including the assassination of his presidential predecessor, John F. Kennedy. Estes was born in Alanreed in west Texas. He amassed his fortune through the federal surplus grain program. After marrying in 1946, he moved to Pecos, the seat of Reeves County in southwest Texas, where he sold irrigation pumps powered by natural gas. He channeled those profits to launch still another successful business selling anhydrous ammonia fertilizer.[2] Mr. Estes currently lives in Granbury, Texas. Allen Matt Barr was born in Allen, Texas on February 14, 1984. He is a television and film actor. Amarillo Candace Camp was born in Amarillo, Texas on May 23, 1949. She is a best-selling writer of romance novels. She has also published under the pen names Lisa Gregory, Sharon Stephens, Kristen James. Cyd Charisse was born Tula Ellice Finklea in Amarillo, Texas on March 8, 1921. She was a dancer and actress, staring in such films as ï¿½Singing in the Rainï¿½ and 'The Band Wagon.ï¿½ Joe Ely was born in Amarillo, Texas on February 9, 1947. From the time he was 12 lived in Lubbock and is now an Austin, Texas honky-tonk/country musician. Jimmie Dale Gilmore was born in Amarillo, Texas on May 6, 1945. He is a country singer, songwriter, actor, recording artist and producer, currently living in Austin, Texas. He was raised in Lubbock. Carolyn Jones was born in Amarillo, Texas on April 28, 1930 and died on August 3, 1983. She was an actress, best remembered for playing the role of Morticia Addams in the classic TV Series The Addams Family. Andrews County Elmer Kelton was born in Andrews County, Texas April 29, 1926. He is an author, known for his Westerns. He graduated from the University of Texas in 1948. Anson Jeannie C. Riley was born in Anson, Texas on October 19, 1945. She is a country singer, best known for her country and pop hit Harper Valley PTA. She was the first woman to have a single become a Country and Pop #1 hit at the same time. Arlington Benjamin Grieve was born in Arlington, Texas on May 4, 1976. He is an outfielder for the Chicago White Sox. He has also played with the Oakland Athletics (1997-2000), Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2001-2003), Milwaukee Brewers (2004), and Chicago Cubs (2004 & 2005). Hunter Pence was born in Arlington, Texas on April 13, 1983. He is an outfielder with the Houston Astros	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,613	The Latin phrase 'Ecce Homo' means Behold the what?	Ecce homo - definition of ecce homo by The Free Dictionary Ecce homo - definition of ecce homo by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ecce+homo Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . ec·ce ho·mo (ĕk′sē hō′mō, ĕk′ĕ) n. A depiction of Jesus wearing the crown of thorns. [From Late Latin ecce homō, behold the man : Latin ecce, behold + Latin homō, man.] Ecce Homo (Ecclesiastical Terms) a picture or sculpture of Christ crowned with thorns [Latin: behold the man, the words of Pontius Pilate to Christ's accusers (John 19:5)] ec•ce ho•mo (ˈɛk si ˈhoʊ moʊ, ˈɛk eɪ) n. a representation in art of Christ crowned with thorns. [< Late Latin: “behold the man,” Pilate's words on presenting Christ to his accusers (John 19:5)] ecce homo A Latin phrase meaning behold the man, used to mean a representation of Christ crowned with thorns. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: ecce homo - a representation (a picture or sculpture) of Jesus wearing a crown of thorns representation - a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: representation References in periodicals archive ? 2) Somewhat overcritical of his German contemporaries, Nietzsche describes in his provocative autobiography Ecce Homo (written in the Fall of 1888) the reception of his works as follows: "uberall sonst habe ich Leser--lauter ansgesuchte Intelligenzen, bewahrte, in hohen Stellungen and Pflichten erzogene Charaktere; ich habe sogar wirkliche Genies unter meinen Lesern. Lost highway: unveiling cinema's Yellow Brick Road announced today the sale of two of its latest documentary series Ecce Homo and The Greatest Journeys on Earth to seventy countries. Coscient Group: Ecce Homo and The Greatest Journeys on Earth, Two Documentary Series Produced by Coscient Group, Sold to 70 Countries This year's Homotopia programme runs from November 3-14 and features the return of Polari, London's award-winning LGBT literary salon, hosted by Paul Burston and with guest authors and performers (November 4); The Butch Monologues (November 6); Ecce Homo - cabaret with Naughty Nickers (November 5-7), and a chance to join The Paying Guests author Sarah Waters 'In Conversation' on November 13.	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,614	Who was the mother of Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland?	BBC - iWonder - Elizabeth I: Troubled child to beloved Queen Elizabeth I: Troubled child to beloved Queen 1533 1603Elizabeth dies a beloved queen 'Good Queen Bess' Elizabeth I is one of England's greatest monarchs – perhaps the greatest. Her forces defeated the Spanish Armada and saved England from invasion, she reinstated Protestantism and forged an England that was a strong and independent nation. But she had a very difficult childhood and was fortunate to make it to the throne at all. When she was young, her father Henry VIII executed her mother Anne Boleyn. She was stripped of her inheritance and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. 1533 Born into the Tudor dynasty Getty Elizabeth's parents Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth is born on 7 September in Greenwich Palace. News of her birth causes rejoicing across the country, but is a bitter disappointment to her father Henry. He is desperate for a male heir to continue the Tudor dynasty. Although Elizabeth is made next in line to the throne, the King prays his next child will be male – superseding her claim to the throne. Getty Anne Boleyn awaits her fate in the Tower of London. Elizabeth is two years and eight months old when her mother Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery and beheaded on the orders of Henry VIII. Her father marries Anne’s lady-in-waiting Jane Seymour a week later. Elizabeth is declared illegitimate and removed from the royal succession. Her title is downgraded from 'Princess’ to 'Lady’. Elizabeth is neglected for a number of years until Henry's final wife Catherine Parr takes charge and makes sure she is educated to the highest standards and, crucially, taught the art of public speaking by renowned Cambridge scholar Roger Ascham. She does perceive how, of herself… she can do nothing that good is, or prevails for her salvation, unless it be through the grace of god… Elizabeth describes a translation of French verse in a letter to Catherine Parr, 1544. 1547 Father dies You need to have JavaScript enabled to view this clip. Simon Schama explains how Thomas Seymour and Elizabeth's relationship developed. A History of Britain by Simon Schama (BBC Two, 2000). Elizabeth is 13-years-old when Henry VIII dies. Her nine-year-old half-brother Edward becomes King. Elizabeth joins the household of her stepmother Catherine Parr. When Elizabeth is caught in an embrace with Parr’s husband Thomas Seymour, she is banished from the house. In 1548 Catherine dies in childbirth and Seymour is subsequently executed for plotting to marry Elizabeth and kidnap Edward VI. When Elizabeth is questioned by the authorities she protests her innocence and escapes prosecution. Imprisoned in the Tower of London Mary Evans Elizabeth held prisoner in the Tower of London. After Edward’s early death in 1553 Elizabeth’s older sister Mary I becomes queen. Mary returns the country to Catholicism and begins a series of bloody purges of Protestants. 287 are executed during her short reign. Mary’s plan to marry Prince Phillip of Spain sparks an unsuccessful rebellion and Elizabeth is interrogated about her involvement with the plotters. She is imprisoned in the Tower of London before being put under house arrest in Woodstock, Oxfordshire. Remember your last promise and my last demand that I be not condemned without answer and due proof. In a letter Elizabeth beseeches her half-sister Mary not to send her to the Tower, March 1554. 1558 Elizabeth becomes Queen You need to have JavaScript enabled to view this clip. Simon Schama describes Elizabeth I's coronation. Clip from A History of Britain by Simon Schama (BBC Two, 2000). Following the death of her half-sister Mary, Elizabeth succeeds to the throne. She is 25. Elizabeth has inherited a country wracked by religious strife and knows she needs public support to remain queen. The celebrations for the coronation the following year are spectacular. As her procession makes its way through London on its way to Westminster she pauses to listen to congratulations and receive flowers from ordinary people on the street. I will be as good unto ye as eve	Learn and talk about Treaty of Union, 1706 in England, 1706 in Scotland, 1706 treaties, 1707 treaties Background[ edit ] Queen Elizabeth I of England (and of Ireland) died without issue on 24 March 1603, dissolving the Tudor dynasty . The throne fell immediately and uncontroversially to her double first cousin twice removed, King James VI of Scotland , a member of House of Stuart and son of Mary, Queen of Scots . He assumed the throne of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland as King James I in the Union of the Crowns in 1603. This personal union somewhat assuaged constant English fears of Scottish cooperation with France, especially in a hypothetical French invasion of Britain. After that personal union , people widely discussed the idea of uniting the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Nevertheless, Acts of Parliament attempting to unite the two countries failed in 1606, in 1667, and in 1689. The Company of Scotland received an investment equal to one-quarter of all money circulating in the Kingdom of Scotland and sponsored the Darien scheme , an ill-fated attempt to establish a Scottish trading colony in the Isthmus of Panama . The colonisation began in 1698 and ended in a military confrontation with the Spanish in 1700; however, most colonists died of tropical diseases. In the face of opposition by English commercial interests, the Company of Scotland raised subscriptions in Amsterdam, Hamburg and London for the scheme.For his part, King William III had given only lukewarm support to the whole Scottish colonial endeavour. England was at war with France and hence did not want to offend Spain, which claimed the territory as part of New Granada. England was also under pressure from the London-based East India Company , who were keen to maintain their monopoly over English foreign trade. It therefore forced the English and Dutch investors to withdraw. Next, the East India Company threatened legal action on the grounds that the Scots had no authority from the king to raise funds outside the king's realm, and obliged the promoters to refund subscriptions to the Hamburg investors. This left no source of finance but Scotland itself. This economic disaster for the investing Scottish elites diminished the resistance of the Scottish political establishment (i.e. the nobility) to the idea of political union with England. The Scottish nobility ultimately supported the union despite some popular opposition and anti-union riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and elsewhere. [3] [4] [5] Treaty negotiations[ edit ] Deeper political integration had been a key policy of Queen Anne ever since she acceded to the throne in 1702. Under the aegis of the Queen and her ministers in both kingdoms, the parliaments of England and Scotland agreed to participate in fresh negotiations for a union treaty in 1705. Each country appointed 31 commissioners to conduct the negotiations. The Scottish Parliament had originally begun to organise an election of the commissioners they would have nominated to negotiate on behalf of Scotland. However, in September 1705, the leader of the opposition Country Party, the Duke of Hamilton , after having attempted to obstruct the negotiation of a treaty, proposed that the Scottish commissioners be nominated by the Queen. The commissioners were nominated on the advice of the Duke of Queensberry and the Duke of Argyll . Of the 31 Scottish commissioners who were appointed, 29 were members of the government Court Party and one was a member of the Squadron Volante . At the head of the list was Queensberry, and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland , the Earl of Seafield . [6] George Lockhart of Carnwath , a member of the opposition Cavalier Party, was the only commissioner opposed to union. The 31 English commissioners, including government ministers and officers of state, such as the Lord High Treasurer , the Earl of Godolphin , the Lord Keeper , Baron Cowper , and a large number of Whigs who supported union. Tories were not in favour of union and only one was represented among the commissioners. Negotiations bet	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,615	In which country was BBC newsreader George Alagiah born?	BBC newsreader George Alagiah 'clear of cancer' and back to work - BBC News BBC News BBC newsreader George Alagiah 'clear of cancer' and back to work 9 November 2015 Read more about sharing. Close share panel Newsreader George Alagiah has said he is clear of cancer and ready to "get back on air" after his chemotherapy treatment was a success. The presenter of BBC One's News at Six and GMT on BBC World News was diagnosed with bowel cancer, which had spread to his liver and lymph nodes, last April. Alagiah, 58, told the Daily Mail , "I'm feeling really good. I have more energy every day, and feel stronger." He will return to the News at Six on Tuesday, the BBC confirmed. The Sri Lanka-born journalist said it was "wonderful" to be getting back to work, but added that he would "take it easy at first". "All I can say is right now I don't have cancer, but my life from now on will be punctuated by scans every three months," he said. "And if somebody tells me I'm finally cured, it's likely to be years away." 'Hammer blow' Alagiah said the support from viewers had been "incredible" and that he wanted to get back on air "for my audience". "I received hundreds of letters from viewers while I was ill, in which they talked as if we knew each other," he said. Bowel cancer is the third most common type of cancer in men, behind prostate and lung and Alagiah had been diagnosed as 'Stage Four' - the most advanced. His treatment involved two rounds of chemotherapy and several operations. "When the oncologist was looking at my scan, he kept gently shaking his head, and every time he did it was like a hammer blow," revealed Alagiah. "They described my condition as 'serious', and I knew it was as bad as it gets." Alagiah first joined the BBC in 1989 after working as a print journalist and spent many years as one of the BBC's leading foreign correspondents before moving to presenting. He reported on events such as the genocide in Rwanda and the conflict in Kosovo and was made an OBE in 2008's New Year Honours.	Puzzles - Coffeetime Triv (Sat) 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? 7: In which film did Roy Scheider play a sheriff and Richard Dreyfus a marine biologist? 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? 1: Who played Basil Fawlty in `Fawlty Towers`? John Cleese 2: Who had a hit single with `Crocodile Rock` in 1972? Elton John 3: Who is the author of the `Harry Potter` books? J.K.Rowling 4: What is the name of the clockwork device used by musicians to measure time? A metronome 6: Which two colours are Dennis the Menace`s jumper? Red and black 8: The name of which (non-UK) football club is an anagram of `Red Admiral`? Real Madrid Wow! I got a footie and an anagram question. I'm going to need to lie down! 9: In 2004, Fathers 4 Justice campaigner Jason Hatch caused an embarrassing security breach at Buckingham Palace dressed as who? Batman? 10: The Colosseum is located in the capital city of which country? Italy 5: `Question or Nominate` was a phrase commonly heard on which UK TV quiz show? 15 to 1 Patience, so you did. Well done all three of you only one missing is 7: and 'Marine Biologist' (the new wannabe career for Britain's 6th-formers) might have given it to you - the fiilm was Jaws	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,616	Which chemical element takes its name from the Swedish for'heavy stone'?	Language Log » Names of the chemical elements in Chinese Names of the chemical elements in Chinese Mike Pope relayed to me the following from his son Zack, a high school physics teacher: I was wondering what the periodic table of elements looked like in China, and found this image . This may or may not be the "official" periodic table, but I thought it was interesting to see the similarities in the characters. Specifically the character for gold, which is also the character for metal in general, and is a prefix for a large portion of the periodic table. The character for water is a large part of the character for mercury, and a few others, and all of the gas elements have the same character in them. It makes me wonder what the protocol is for naming new elements in Chinese, since they seem to be focused on the properties of the element itself, and that would take more investigating than might be possible for new elements, which usually only exist for fractions of fractions of seconds. Newly discovered elements these days are named (in English) after people: Bohrium, Rutherfordium, Fermium, Einstenium, etc. and I wonder what the Chinese equivalent of those elements is. Zack has raised many good questions. The first thing we may say about the names of the chemical elements in Chinese is that every single one of them is monosyllabic. This actually causes great problems for Chinese chemists and other scientists, as well as the lay public, since there are so many homophones and near-homophones among them and with other monosyllabic words not on the list. Listening to a lecture or holding discussions that mention chemical elements and hearing the elements referred to by these monosyllabic names is challenging, to say the least. They just don't stand out the way, say, "chlorine" and "hydrogen" do. The vast majority of the Chinese characters for the elements contain the "gold / metal" radical 金. Next in number are characters that contain the "gas / vapor" radical 气. After that comes a smaller group of characters containing the "stone / rock" radical 石. Last, there are two characters that contain the water radical 氵/ 水: xiù 溴 ("bromine") and gǒng 汞 ("mercury"). In terms of the classification of the elements by state (solid, liquid, gas, unknown) and type (metals [alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanoids, actinoids, transition metals, post-transition metals], nonmetals [halogens, noble gases, other nonmentals]), and metalloids, the division (according to character radicals) into metal, gas, stone, and water is not accurate. Only a few of the characters for the elements existed in premodern times (e.g., those for "silver", "copper", "iron", "tin", "gold", "lead", "mercury", "carbon", "boron", and "sulfur"). Most of the characters for elements that were isolated during the Industrial Age or discovered more recently have had to be invented from scratch to transcribe the sound of the initial part of the name of the element in Western languages. These characters serve no other purpose than to designate the elements in question, and a number of them do not exist in electronic fonts. Unicode strives to add these newly created characters to the higher levels of its latest versions, but there is always naturally going to be a time lag between the creation of new characters and the time they are actually implemented in Unicode. In addition, as more and more new elements are being discovered, chemists in China, Taiwan, and elsewhere have not yet devised any character for several of them. And that brings up the matter of multiple characters for the same elements and multiple readings for the same characters in Taiwan and China (see the list below). After receiving Mike's message, I set about doing the necessary research to answer Zack's questions. I was both surprised and disappointed by how hard it was to find a simple numerical list giving the following information for each element: number, symbol, English name, Chinese character (traditional and simplified), Pinyin. Various Chinese versions of the periodic chart o	The Parts of the Periodic Table Elements named after countries, states, or other geographical features: Californium: state (and University) of California Francium: France Gallium: Latin word for France, Gallia Germanium: Latin word for Germany, Germania Hassium: German state of Hesse, where the GSI is located Magnesium: named after Magnesia, a district in Thessaly in central Greece Polonium: named for Marie Curie's native country of Poland Rhenium: named after the Latin word for the Rhine River, Rhenus Ruthenium: named after the Latin word for Russia, Ruthenia Scandium: named after the Latin word for Scandinavia, Scandia Thulium: named after the ancient word for Scandinavia, Thule Elements named after cities: Berkelium: Berkeley, California, home of the University of California, where a number of synthetic elements have been produced Darmstadtium: Darmstadt, Germany, home of the Laboratory for Heavy Ion Research (GSI, Gesellschaft fï¿½r Schwerionenforschung) where a number of synthetic elements have been produced Dubnium: Dubna, Russia, home of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Объединённый институт ядерных исследований, ОИЯИ), where a number of synthetic elements have been produced Erbium, Terbium, Ytterbium, Yttrium: all named after the Swedish village of Ytterby (near Vaxholm), where these elements were first isolated (as well as Holmium, Scandium, and Tantalum) Hafnium: Copenhagen (Hafnia), Denmark Fermium: Enrico Fermi, the inventor of the first nuclear reactor Lawrencium: Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron Meitnerium: Lise Meitner, one of the first scientists to recognize that uranium could undergo nuclear fission Mendelevium: Dimitri Mendelev, the deviser of the Periodic Table of the Elements Nobelium: Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and founder of the Nobel Prize Roentgenium: Wilhelm Rï¿½ntgen, the discoverer of X-rays Rutherfordium: Ernest Rutherford, discoverer of the atomic nucleus, and a pioneer in the study of nuclear physics Seaborgium: Glenn T. Seaborg, who discovered/synthesized a number of transuranium elements Most of the rest of the names of the elements are derived from various chemical or physical properties: Actinium: Greek: aktinos, "ray" (because it glows with a blue light in the dark) Antimony: Greek: anti + monos, "not alone" (because it was never found uncombined with another element) Argon: Greek: argos, "idle" (because of its unreactivity) Astatine: Greek: astatos, "unstable" (because it is) Barium: Greek: barys, "heavy" (in reference to the high density of some barium minerals) Bromine: Greek: bromos, "stench" (elemental bromine has a terrible smell) Cobalt: German: kobold, "goblin" (because of the toxic fumes of arsenic that were produced when silver miners heated the arsenic-containing ore smaltite, mistaking it for silver ore) Dysprosium: Greek: dysprositos, "hard to get at" (because the first isolation of the element required a tedious separation sequence) Fluorine: Latin: fluere, "to flow" Hydrogen" Greek: hydro + genes, "water forming" Krypton: Greek: kryptos, "hidden" (since it had been "hidden" in a sample of argon) Lanthanum: Greek: lanthanein, "to be hidden" (because the element was discovered "hidden" as an impurity in ores of cerium) Manganese: Latin: magnes, "magnet" (because it can be made to be ferromagnetic with the right treatment) Neodymium: Greek: neos + didymos, "new twin" Neon" Greek: neos, "new" Nickel: German: kupfernickel, "Old Nick's copper" (i.e., copper of the devil, or false copper, because it was frequently mistaken for copper) Nitrogen: Latin: nitron + genes, "nitre [potassium nitrate] forming" Osmium: Greek: osme, "odor" (because of its nasty smell, which is actually caused by osmium tetroxide) Oxygen: Latin: oxy + genes, "acid forming" Phosphorus: Greek: phos + phoros, "light bringing" (because it glows in the dark, and spontaneou	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,617	Lonicera is the Latin name for which garden plant?	The trumpet honeysuckle is one of the best of our native spring flowering vines. Got hummingbirds? Want them? Plant a trumpet honeysuckle. Trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) has flowers designed for hummingbirds, and if there are any around when it blooms, they're sure to find it. And, once they find your garden, they might just want to hang out the rest of the summer, if you have other flowers to attract their attention. Trumpet honeysuckle is a twining deciduous vine native throughout most of the eastern half of the country, but is most common in the wild in the southeastern states. Linnaeus gave it the name "sempervirens," which means evergreen in Latin but in reality it is only evergreen in areas with very mild winters. As vines go, it's only moderately vigorous, growing to 10 or 15 feet tall. It's more rampant than clematis but almost timid when compared to aggressive vines such as Japanese honeysuckle, akebia or wisteria. Trumpet honeysuckle produces different shaped leaves on the vine. Lower leaves appear early in the season and are oval in outline with a quarter-inch-long petiole. These turn from bright green to blue green as the season progresses. The pair or two of leaves just below the inflorescence are fused at the base and surround the stem in a unique manner. The flowers appear in April and May and are borne in many-flowered terminal clusters. The long, narrow tubular flowers are to two inches long and flare to five lobes at the end tube with the lower lobe slightly larger. The outside of the tube is usually red with the inside yellow or orange; nurserymen sometimes offer orange- and yellow-flowered selections. Red fleshy berries are sometimes produced but birds do not easily spread this species as they do Japanese honeysuckle. Though trumpet honeysuckle comes from an oft-fragrant clan, this species lacks fragrance. Alice Coats, writing in her 1964 Garden Shrubs and their Histories, says of this non-fragrant species, "a honeysuckle without a scent is like a man without a shadow." The trumpet honeysuckle was introduced into England by John Tradescant the younger (1608 - 1662) who visited Virginia from 1628 to 1637. He was the first person to directly collect plants in North America. Following the death of his father he became the head gardener to Charles I. Both Tradescants were collectors of natural history items and relics of the New World. These items were assembled into a bizarre collection called Museum Tradescantianum that remains largely intact at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Trumpet honeysuckle needs a trellis or fence on which to climb. It climbs by twining around its support and lacks the holdfasts found on climbers such as English ivy or trumpet vine. It can also be grown on open shrubs or allowed to scamper across the ground to create a kind of lumpy groundcover. It's hardy from zone 4 to 9, where it grows in any decent garden soil. Flowering is best in full sun, but the foliage becomes tattered and worn by late summer in more exposed locations. It will grow in even heavy shade, but flowering will be reduced. Prune as needed after flowering to control shape and spread of the vine. By: Gerald Klingaman, retired Extension News - June 6, 2008 The University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture does not maintain lists o	How to Prune Lonicera Nitida \| Home Guides \| SF Gate How to Prune Lonicera Nitida How to Prune Lonicera Nitida Prune boxleaf honeysuckles once a year in late winter or early spring. An evergreen broadleaf shrub, Lonicera nitida, commonly known as boxleaf honeysuckle, is grown for its attractive foliage and dense, compact growth habit. In the spring, it also produces small cream-colored flowers, followed by blue-purple berries. Grown in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 through 9, boxleaf honeysuckles make an excellent hedge or single specimen plant. To keep a boxleaf honeysuckle neat and nicely shaped, yearly pruning is a must in late winter or early spring before new growth is formed. 1 Examine the boxleaf honeysuckle, looking for branches that cross one another, grow in a wayward direction, are too long or are not thriving. Check older shrubs for dead or dying branches, usually located in the center of the plant. 2 Cut the unwanted branches off just above a set of leaves or cut them back to their parent branches. Make cuts using a pair of sharp, sterile pruning shears. Prune no more than one-third of the branches to maintain the integrity of the shrub. 3 Start shaping a boxleaf honeysuckle the second or third year after planting, using hedge clippers or shears; a round or a box shape works well for this shrub. Trim just 2 to 4 inches every year to shape them immediately after removing unwanted branches. 4 Rejuvenate an old, overgrown or lanky boxleaf honeysuckle by trimming one-third to one-half of the total height rather than just a few inches; use pruning shears. In subsequent years, lightly prune off 2 to 4 inches to begin shaping it again. Things You Will Need Hedge shears or clippers Tip Use hand hedge shears when shaping a boxleaf honeysuckle rather than electric hedge shears, as cuts will be much cleaner and you will have more control.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,618	What is the meat traditionally used in hotpot	Everything You Need to Know to Make Chinese Hot Pot at Home \| Serious Eats Everything You Need to Know to Make Chinese Hot Pot at Home Making hot pot at home is easy. [Photographs: Shao Z.] Get the Recipe Chinese-Style Hot Pot With Rich Broth, Shrimp Balls, and Dipping Sauces For me, cold and windy weather means one thing: It's hot pot season. The concept of hot pot is simple. You set a pot of simmering broth on a portable burner in the middle of the table. Around it are plates of meat, seafood, and vegetables, all prepped and ready to be cooked in the broth. There are different styles of hot pot around Asia, and even within a given country, each household will do it a little differently, but if there's one universal hot pot rule, it would be this —you don't "hot pot" with people you don't like. Like fondue, hot pot is one of the most social of dining formats. Not only are you gathered at one table sharing a meal, but you're cooking your food together in a shared pot. There are many regional versions of hot pot throughout China. What makes one different from another is the broth and the specific meats used. In colder Northern China, lamb is a common choice. Cantonese hot pot, on the other hand, is heavy on fresh seafood, including live shrimp, oysters, and squid. Mongolian-style hot pot is known for its flavorful broth, which contains ingredients like goji berries, jujubes, and a mix of herbs. The city of Chongqing is famous for its use of Sichuan peppercorns and other mouth-numbing ingredients. (And that's just China—there's a whole world of other hot pot traditions, like Japan's shabu-shabu, Thailand's Thai suki, and more.) To make a hot pot feast at home requires little more than some planning and prep work. First, let's go over the equipment you need, then look at the ingredients (meat, seafood, vegetables, etc.) and how to prep them for hot pot. Next, we'll cover the different kinds of broth you can choose, as well as the sauces to serve alongside. At the end, we'll go over table setting and the basics of hot pot etiquette. Let's get hot-pot hopping! Hot Pot Equipment In order to hot pot, you need a pot and a burner to keep things simmering at the table. There are a variety of pots and portable burners you can choose. Electric and induction hot-pot sets are the easiest to clean up: you simply wipe the top surface clean with a towel. But one of my favorite ways to make hot pot is with a portable butane burner. It's a little harder to clean, but I like the fine-tuned heat control it offers, which makes maintaining a simmer incredibly easy. Butane burners don't often come with a pot included, so you'll need to buy that separately, and you'll need to replace the fuel every few hot pot sessions. No matter which hot pot setup you end up with, look for a pot that has a separator in the middle for accommodating two broths in one pot, to get the most broth mileage out of one burner. A single pot, about 12 inches in diameter, can serve anywhere from 2 to 6 people; feeding a larger crowd will require a second pot and burner. Other than that, all you need are some basic accessories: chopsticks (different sets for dipping in the communal pot and eating), mini tongs, small strainers, spoons, shallow bowls for eating, and small bowls for dipping sauces. Hot Pot Ingredients The list of foods that can be cooked in a hot pot is a long one. Variety is key, since you want to have a little bit of everything. Beef and seafood are two of the most popular foods to cook in a hot pot, but you'll need to balance those more filling items with light ones like greens and other vegetables. For example, for a four-person hot pot, I like to have at least two types of greens; three to four non-meat items like tofu, mushrooms and daikon; two to four meat items such as liver, beef, chicken, and tripe; two to four different kinds of seafood such as fish balls, salmon, and shrimp; and some kind of noodle: rice noodles, udon noodles or yam noodles. Here's how to prep some of my favorite ingredients. Greens and Vegetables Meat and seafood may be the cent	FAO's Animal Production and Health Division: Meat & Meat Products FAO Trade and Markets Sources of Meat The most common sources of meat are domesticated animal species such as cattle, pigs and poultry and to a lesser extent buffaloes, sheep and goats. In some regions other animal species such as camels, yaks, horses, ostriches and game animals are also eaten as meat. To a limited extent, meat is also derived from exotic animals such as crocodiles, snakes and lizards. For thousands of years, poultry supplied meat and eggs, cattle, sheep and goats provided meat and milk, and pigs provided a source of meat. These species are the main sources of animal protein for humans. The meat derived from cattle is known as beef, meat derived from pigs as pork and from chickens as poultry. Pork is the most widely eaten meat in the world accounting for over 36% of the world meat intake. It is followed by poultry and beef with about 35% and 22% respectively. Estimated world livestock numbers (million head)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,619	Eton College is in which English county?	Eton College \| school, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom \| Britannica.com school, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom Written By: Charterhouse Eton College, near Windsor , Berkshire , one of England’s largest independent secondary schools and one of the highest in prestige . It was founded by Henry VI in 1440–41 for 70 highly qualified boys who received scholarships from a fund endowed by the king. Simultaneously, Henry founded King’s College , Cambridge, to which scholars from Eton were to proceed. That connection is no longer in place. Eton College from the playing fields Popperfoto Today, as throughout the school’s history, Eton names about 14 King’s Scholars, or Collegers, each year, for a schoolwide total of 70. The selection is based on the results of a competitive examination open to boys between 12 and 14 years of age. King’s Scholars are awarded scholarships ranging from 10 to 100 percent of fees and are boarded in special quarters in the college. The other students, called Oppidans, now number more than 1,200 and are housed in boardinghouses under the care of house masters. The Oppidans have traditionally come from England’s wealthiest and most prestigious families, many of them aristocratic. Boys enter Eton about age 13 and continue there until they are ready to enter university. Learn More in these related articles: Henry VI (king of England) Dec. 6, 1421 Windsor, Berkshire, Eng. May 21/22, 1471 London king of England from 1422 to 1461 and from 1470 to 1471, a pious and studious recluse whose incapacity for government was one of the causes of the Wars of the Roses. in United Kingdom: England in the 15th century ...century, however, was an important age in the foundation of schools and colleges. Some schools were set up as adjuncts to chantries, some by guilds, and some by collegiate churches. Henry VI founded Eton College in 1440 and King’s College, Cambridge, in 1441. Other colleges at Oxford and Cambridge were also founded in this period. The Inns of Court expanded their membership and systematized... in library: Ancient materials ...other scholarly libraries collect and preserve them as part of their responsibility to the preservation of history and the advancement of learning. Most universities have collections of rare books. Eton College, for example, has a fine collection of incunabula, some of which were purchased when they were first printed. A Gutenberg Bible is one of its finest examples. Some, such as the Duke... 3 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References founding (in United Kingdom: England in the 15th century ) External Links Official Site of Eton College Overview of this UK-based educational institution. Provides news, pictures, and details on available courses and facilities. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode School, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom Tips for Editing Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling	Eton School Eton School Figure 1.--Boys at many exclusive English public schools wore what we now refrer to as Eton suits. The brothers here are Harrow students and the boys wear their school uniform in an outing with their father about 1910. The annual cricket match between Eton and Harrow schools, at Lord�s ground, London, is always attended by a large and fashionably dressed gathering. Eton College is one of the best known schools in the world. Americans think of colleges as small universities. Colleges in most of the rest of the world are secondary schools, as is Eton College, albeit a prestigious one. Eton College was founded in 1440, nearly 58 years after the founding of Winchester school, by William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, under the patronage of Henry VI--the Scholar King, and with the title of "the College of the Blessed Mary of Eaton beside Windsor." The buildings were completed between 1491 and 1523. The original buildings consist of two quadrangles containing the chappel, the upper and lower schools, appartments for officials, the library, and offices. The school has produced a long list of distinguished former pupils, including Sir Robert Walpole, Robert Hartley, william Pitt the Elder, Horace Walpole, the Duke of Wellington, Thomas Gray, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Ewart Gladstone. Location Eton is a Buckinghamshire town on the Thmes River opposite Windsor, within which parliamentary borough it is situated. Eton is best known for its college, perhaps England's best known public school. Foundtion The "King�s College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor" was founded by Plantagenet King Henry VI about 1440-41. Henry was known as the "Scholar King". This was early in the King's reign (1429-71). The school was endowed primarily from the revenues of the "alien priories" suppressed by Henry V. Henry donated a huge collection of holy relics among which were fragments of what were supposed to be the True Cross and the Crown of Thorns. Henry's purpose was to provide free education for 70 poor scholars who would continue their education at King�s College, Cambridge--also founded by King Henry. A connection between Eton and Cambridge still continues today. Early School The King in organizing the school used the model established by William of Wykeham at Winchester and New College, Oxford. The original staff at Eton included a provost, priests, 4 clerks, 6 choristers, a schoolmaster, 25 poor and indigent scholars, and the same number of poor men or bedesmen. The King in 1443 made major changes at the College. He increased the number of scholars to 70, and reduced the bedesmen to 13. Early acounts do not paint a educational ideal, rats ran free and the boys had to wash outside using only cold water. King Henry appointed one of his advisores, William of Waynflete, who had been master of Winchester College, in 1443 to be provost at Eton in 1443. Other chanes at Eton was the the establishment of cominensales or commoners who lived in the town of Eton and paid for their education. They were distinct from the scholars; and these now called "oppidans" which now comprise most of the boys. History Early history The College managed to survive the unsettled period at the close of Henry�s reign. The King was murdered in the Tower of London while at prayer. Edward IV reduced the College's possessions and tried to join it with St George, Windsor Castle. The College's annual revenue in 1506 amounted to �652. Sonations over time and the rise in the value of the College's property have left it now very well endowed. King George III King George III had a special fondness for Eton. The school was located across the Thames from the King's castlle at Windsor. A footbridge across the Thames connects Windsor with Eton. The King was noted for frequently visiting the school and attending official functions. He would talk informally with the masters and boys--many of whom he knew by name. The King would not infrequently entertained at Winsor Castle with the royal family. Eton boys have worn black jacke	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,620	"Name the English pottery designer, whose ""Bizarre"" ware from the 1930's is still much sought after?"	Pottery Marks \| English Potters Welcome to Pottery-English Welcome to Pottery-English.com If, like us, you have an interest in antiques and pottery, Pottery-English is the site for you. If you are trying to find the meaning of elusive pottery marks or need to research famous potters we have a large selection of both and are adding to the site all the time. There are some useful guides about how to look after your collection, and even start your collection. Please feel free to bookmark the site and browse at your convenience. Don’t forget to check back in with us for new guides and reference material. Collecting Pottery Sylvac cat People have admired fine china pottery for centuries, but collecting ordinary domestic pottery and local wares is a more recent interest. Pottery by fashionable makers and designers is expensive, especially in antique shops and specialised sales, but it is still possible to build an interesting collection of modern ceramics without breaking the bank. Starting a pottery collection Keep your eyes open. You need great enthusiasm and a willingness to hunt for interesting pottery everywhere you go.Look out for antique fairs, general auctions, house clearance sales, junk shops and car boot sales – anywhere that might have china and pottery for sale. Have you looked in your own attic. Fakes and copies Beatrix Potters Tailor of Gloucester by Beswick Copies of expensive china are common. After years of the Antiques Roadshow, there are not many genuine Ming vases just waiting to be picked up for a song, but some copies have become collectable and valuable in their own right. The recent vogue for Clarice Cliff has led to faking of pieces like the conical sugar shakers – the originals can fetch thousands of pounds at auction. The cunning forgers use household dust from vacuum cleaners and tea to age their copies. Look out for normal wear, particularly on the base of household pottery – genuine wear from years of use is more difficult to fake than dust. Pottery Marks Pottery marks The makers pottery marks can help with identification, but fakes may have convincing copies of the makers mark – though it may not be the right mark. Some fakes of Wedgwood pieces bear the marks of Dresden and Chelsea.Most makers have changed their marks over the years, so identification of genuine marks can be tricky. Happily there are plenty of books on pottery marks, which you can buy or consult in libraries. Learn about pottery Try to learn as much as you can about the makers and objects that you collect through books and sale catalogues. There may be collectors clubs that you can join to find out more and to share information with fellow enthusiasts. Thematic collections Collecting objects to do with a particular subject is popular. Favourites include famous characters, pets, farm or wild animals and birds. Sporting themes, especially golf and cricket, which appeal to many collectors are priced accordingly. Local potteries Small potteries flourished almost everywhere in Britain. Interest in their wares is continuing to grow and they have become very popular with collectors. Nowadays the best pieces command high prices, especially in local sales. Small is beautiful And often less expensive. You could choose from the many small 20th-century domestic pieces which are still widely available, especially items such as bowls, mugs, jugs, eggcups, toast-racks, ashtrays and thimbles. Damage As with all collectables, damage and wear reduces the value. It is arguable whether even a skilful repair will add much to the value, but it may improve the appearance. Packaging If you can find it, the original packaging may add to the interest and value of the piece. Good luck with the pot hunting! Our Site	Walpole and Maugham: An Uneasy Friendship Walpole and Maugham: An Uneasy Friendship By Selina Hastings Somerset Maugham Pages from Hugh Walpole's diary. There are two collections at the Ransom Center—comprising letters, an unpublished diary, and the manuscript of a novel, Cakes and Ale—that shed a fascinating light on a bizarre friendship between a couple of twentieth-century writers, Hugh Walpole and William Somerset Maugham. Walpole was one of the most prominent figures in literary London between the wars, exceptionally prolific and insatiably ambitious. By 1930 he had achieved a satisfyingly high profile: author of numerous popular novels, chairman of the Book Society, busy on numerous boards and committees, a devoted friend to the famous. Among these famous friendships, Walpole prized highly that with his fellow novelist, Somerset Maugham. The two men had known each other for over 20 years, Walpole rather in awe of the richer, cleverer, and more successful older man. For his part, Maugham had always regarded Walpole as a foolish fellow, although over time he had grown quite fond of him and enjoyed watching the spectacle he made of himself. Recently, however, the ruthlessness of Walpole's self-promotion coupled with a notable lack of generosity—"he was mean as cat's meat," said Maugham—had begun to repel him, and when in 1929 he began work on a new novel, he was unable to resist the temptation of guying Walpole, portraying him as the protagonist, Alroy Kear, a conceited, third-rate writer who forwards his career by shameless flattery of the great and the good. Cakes and Ale was published on September 30, 1930. A new novel by Somerset Maugham was naturally a noteworthy event; no one, however, could have foreseen the brouhaha that broke out over the envenomed portrait of Hugh Walpole, described by one commentator as "one of the most memorable literary dissections since Dickens's treatment of Leigh Hunt as Mr. Skimpole in Bleak House." Walpole himself, completely unsuspecting, had received an advance copy a few days before publication. On September 25, he notes in his diary that he returned from a visit to Cambridge in the morning, attended a meeting of the Book Society, and in the evening had gone with a friend to the theater. Arriving home after midnight, he had started to undress when he caught sight of Maugham's book on his bedside table. Idly he picked it up and began to read. "Read on with increasing horror," he recorded. "Unmistakeable portrait of myself. Never slept!" At 4 a.m., by now in a frenzy, he telephoned Maugham's publisher, A. S. Frere, imploring him to stop publication. All the next day, "dreadfully upset," Walpole spent calling on friends, desperate to know what was being said. Most did their best to persuade him he was imagining it, while others swore that Maugham was already strenuously denying the rumour. "But how can he," wailed Walpole, "when there are in one conversation the very accents of my voice?... He has used so many little friendly things and twisted them round." When Walpole finally summoned the courage to write to Maugham, complaining of the cruel treatment he had received, Maugham professed astonishment. It had never occurred to him, he claimed, "that there was any resemblance between the Alroy Kear of my novel & you... I suggest that if there is anything in him that you recognise it is because to a great or less extent we are all the same." In reply to this deeply disingenuous explanation ("Hugh was a ridiculous creature and I certainly had him in mind when I wrote Cakes and Ale," Maugham admitted later), Walpole wrote that naturally he accepted Maugham's word on the matter, although in truth he did nothing of the sort, and for weeks continued to agonize over the subject, rehearsing it again and again to anyone who would listen. At the end of the year the fuss finally died down, and the relationship between the two men continued amicably, at least on the surface: when Walpole's new novel, Judith Paris, came out the following summer Maugham sent him a jokey telegram of congratulation si	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,621	The Battles of Missolonghi in 1823 and 1826 occurred during which country's War of Independence?	Greek War of Independence 1823-1826 - British Intervention 1821-1822 - War for Greek Independence The details of the war, however much they appealed to the romantic spirit of the age, are of very subordinate interest ; and it must suffice to notice the general character of the struggle. Broadly, the war may be divided into three periods: the first (1821-4), during which the Greeks, with the assistance of volunteers from western Europe, were pitted against the Ottoman Government alone ; the second, from March, 1824, when the disciplined forces of Mehemet Ali of Egypt were thrown into the scale against the insurgents; the third, from the effective intervention of the European Powers, in the autumn of 1827, to the close. For many months the war was no more than a chaotic struggle between hostile hordes of barbarians. The few educated Phanariot Greeks, like Demetrios Ypsilanti or Prince Mavrocordato, who at the first news of the outbreak had hastened to place themselves at the head of the national cause, proved quite incompetent as leaders in irregular warfare and powerless to control the barbarous spirit of cruelty which they deplored. Their well-meant efforts to provide the nascent Hellenic State with a Liberal Constitution on the most approved western model were not more successful; and the real leaders of the people during the earlier stages of the war were the brigand chiefs and the primates and demogeronts whose traditional local authority saved the structure of Greek society from dissolving into utter anarchy. Two main factors contributed to the success of the Greeks. The detention of the flower of the Ottoman forces, under Kurshid Pasha, the ablest of the Sultan's generals, before Ali's island stronghold of Janina, enabled the revolt to make uninterrupted headway during the first critical months. The revolt of the islands, by cutting off from the Ottoman Government its only reserves of good seamen, assured to the insurgents the command of the sea. In size of ships and weight of metal the Turks were superior; but, when their line-of-battle ships at last put to sea, manned by motley and untrained crews of Algerine pirates, Genoese mercenaries, and Constantinopolitan quay-porters, they fell an easy prey to the swift-sailing brigs and fire-ships of the Greeks. "The Greeks," wrote Wellington, "have the superiority at sea; and those who have this superiority must be successful." This truth was abundantly illustrated in the course of the war. The great expedition of Ali, Pasha of Drama, which in the summer of 1823 threatened to crush the insurrection in the Morea, was forced to retire owing to the failure of the Ottoman fleet to come to its support, and, taken at a disadvantage in the defile of Devernaki, was exterminated on August 6. The heroic defence of Missolonghi (May 7, 1825-April 22, 1826) was rendered possible only by the fact that the Greek admiral Miaoulis could enter the lagoons and throw supplies into the town. The appearance in the summer of 1824 of the well-equipped fleet of Mehemet Ali of Egypt changed the fortune of the war at sea, just as, in the following year, Ibrahim's disciplined troops turned it on land. Against the barbaric hordes of Dramali or of Reshid, the Greek klephts and peasants had more than held their own; they were powerless against the modern armament and modern tactics of the Egyptian leader. From the moment of Ibrahim's landing in the Morea it was realised that, if the Greeks were to be saved from practical extermination, they must oppose western methods to western methods; which meant, in effect, that those of the European Powers which desired their preservation must intervene. So long as it was merely a question of an internal revolt against the Ottoman Government, none of the major European Powers was disposed to suggest an intervention which would have carried with it incalculable consequences and placed in jeopardy the whole international structure so painfully established by the European Alliance. But the rapid inarch of events soon stultified the policy of aloofness which had triu	Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,622	Which chain announced the closure of 600 US branches in July 2008?	Starbucks Announces It Will Close 600 Stores - The New York Times The New York Times Business Day \|Starbucks Announces It Will Close 600 Stores Search Continue reading the main story In a harsher economic climate, Starbucks ’s green-and-white mermaid logo is about to become a little less ubiquitous. The company, the world’s largest coffee chain, said Tuesday that it would close 600 stores in the United States beginning this year. It will lay off more than 12,000 employees in the process, the most in its history. The plan builds on an earlier decision to close 100 stores, which are included in Tuesday’s numbers. Starbucks is retrenching in an effort to recapture the once-mighty growth it built upon venti soy lattes. A cavalcade of economic troubles, from imploding housing markets to rising gas prices, has pinched consumers, hurting not just Starbucks but nearly all retailers. The chain is struggling to attract customers for the afternoon frappuccinos they once bought eagerly, said Sharon Zackfia, an analyst at William Blair & Company. “I don’t think it’s overly surprising,” she said of the announcement. “These stores were in aggregate unprofitable.” Advertisement Continue reading the main story Shares in Starbucks rose as high as $16.53 in after-hours trading Tuesday after closing at $15.62. They have fallen about 24 percent this year. For years, Starbucks was known for aggressive growth, opening some stores only a few city blocks away from others. As of Sept. 30, the company operated 6,793 outlets in the United States, according to a regulatory filing. About 70 percent of the stores that will be closed have been open for fewer than three years. Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up Privacy Policy As financial stumbles took a toll on the stock price, Starbucks’s former chairman and chief executive, Howard Schultz, reclaimed the company’s reins in January. Starbucks said in May that its second-quarter profit fell 28 percent, to $108.7 million, in what was its weakest quarter as a public company. In addition to the cutbacks, Starbucks said it would open fewer than 200 new stores in the United States next fiscal year, down from the 250 initially planned. Starbucks said that it could take up to $348 million in charges and write-offs related to the closings, including costs tied to lease terminations and severance payments. Starbucks began scrutinizing its stores’ performance this year, Peter J. Bocian, the company’s chief financial officer, said Tuesday in a conference call. Though he said there were no additional plans to close stores on such a broad scale, Mr. Bocian said that the company would continue to examine its options. “We believe we’ve improved the profit potential of the U.S. store portfolio,” Mr. Bocian said. “We continue to take action in areas we can continue to control.” Mr. Bocian said Starbucks would continue to focus on expanding internationally. It is too early to tell if Starbucks’s other efforts to rejuvenate its business, including introducing new products like fruit smoothies, are working, said Ms. Zackfia, the analyst. The company has been successful with its introduction of Pike Place, a mild drip-blend coffee. A version of this article appears in print on , on Page C1 of the New York edition with the headline: Starbucks Announces It Will Close 600 Stores. Order Reprints \| Today's Paper \| Subscribe	Bezzerwizzer at Paint Branch High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Which geometric shape does Frank Llyod Wright's Guggenheim Museum in New York echo? A spiral Which painter liked to present himself as the "Man in the Bowler Hat"? Rene Magritte Which IT company is also known by the abbreviation "HP"? Hewlett Packard Which American university is known by the abbreviation "M.I.T."? Massachusetts Institute of Technology What American fashion icon enjoys the sweet smell of success with his Double Black cologne? Ralph Lauren Whon won the Oscar for Best Actor in "The Godfather" in 1972? Marlon Brando Which traditional French dish consists of eggplant, garlic, peppers, tomatoes, zucchini and onions? Ratatouille Which is the largest city in New Zealand? Auckland In 1960, which Asian country saw a woman elected as head of the government for the first time: Ceylon, Malaya or India? Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) What is the word for illnesses in which physical symptoms are traced back to mental causes? Psychosomatic How many people take part in a tete-a-tete? Two Who, in 1841, wrote about "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"? Edgar Allen Poe Who sang the title song to the James Bond film "Goldfinger"? Shirley Bassey Which species of deer is the most common across the world? Elk (moose) Who was elected President of Poland in 1990? Lech Walesa Which planet is also known as the "evening star"? Venus In a battle of the "hot-heads," who did Jimmy Connors defeat in 1982 in the Wimbledon tennis finals? John McEnroe Which videotape format prevailed in the face of competition from Betamax and Video2000? VHS Which President proclaimed Thanksgiving Day a national holiday? Abraham Lincoln Who was the murder victim at the center of the plot in TV's "Twin Peaks"? Laura Palmer Renaissance architecture emerged from which country? Italy How many people can be seen in da Vinci's painting of "The Last Supper"? Thirteen Which drink did pharmacist John S. Pemberton invent in 1886? Coca Cola Which term, used in sociology denotes the adaption of a minority to the culture and lifestyle of the majority? Assimilation What do the letters of the American fashion label "DKNY" stand for? Donna Karan New York Who played the role of Baron von Trapp in 1965's "The Sound of Music"? Christopher Plummer Which nation brought chocolate to Europe from rainforests of Mexico and Central America? Spain In which country is the Gibson Desert? Australia What was the code name for Allied Invasion of Normandy on D-Day? Operation Overlord What substance gives blood its red color? Hemoglobin Which science deals with the origin, history and meaning of words? Etymology Which generation did Douglas Coupland portray in his 1991 novel? Generation X Which duo sang "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" in 1965? The Righteous Brothers Which bird has the largest wing span? The (wandering) albatross Bill Clinton was governor of which U.S. state before becoming president? Arkansas How is the number 1,500 written in Roman numerals? MD In swimming, how many strokes are there in an Individual Medley? Four Which country launched MIR space station in 1986? Soviet Union How many points does the Jewish Star of David have? Six In which city did the TV series "Frasier" take place? Seattle What is a column or monument made of a single block of stone? Monolith Which male entertainment group, originally Los Angeles, is known for its striptease routine? The Chippendales Which copmany was co-founded in 1975 by Paul Allen? Microsoft What is celebrated on the 8th of March throughout the world? International Women's Day Causing fistfights in toy stores in the 1980s, which must have dolls came with their own adoption papers? Cabbage Patch Kids Who won the 2000 Oscar for Best Actor in "American Beauty"? Kevin Spacey Which exclusive dish meaning "fat liver" in French is prepared from duck or goose liver? Foie Gras Which ocean lies between Africa, Asia, Australia and the Antarctic? Indian Ocean Which Italian explorer gave his name to America? Amerigo Vespucci Who has, on average, more hair on their head: blondes, brunettes, or red	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,623	If someone is dismissed from one's employment, what are they said to be given?	References: workers' rights - GOV.UK GOV.UK Finding a job References: workers' rights An employer doesn’t usually have to give a work reference - but if they do, it must be fair and accurate. Workers may be able to challenge a reference they think is unfair or misleading. Employers must give a reference if: there was a written agreement to do so they’re in a regulated industry, like financial services If they give a reference it: must be fair and accurate - and can include details about workers’ performance and if they were sacked can be brief - such as job title, salary and when the worker was employed Once the worker starts with a new employer they can ask to see a copy of a reference. They have no right to ask their previous employer. Bad references If the worker thinks they’ve been given an unfair or misleading reference, they may be able to claim damages in a court. The previous employer must be able to back up the reference, such as by supplying examples of warning letters. Workers must be able to show that: it’s misleading or inaccurate they ‘suffered a loss’ - for example, a job offer was withdrawn Workers can get legal advice, including from Citizens Advice. They may also get legal aid . Discrimination and unfair dismissal	Unacceptable: Government's verdict on company it employs to assess benefit claimants \| UK \| News \| Daily Express UK Unacceptable: Government's verdict on company it employs to assess benefit claimants THE FRENCH company which carries out the controversial "fit for work" tests on disabled people has been given a scathing assessment of its own by the Government. 19:26, Mon, Jul 22, 2013 Atos carries out Work Capability Assessments for the Government It's about time the Government told Atos to smarten up its act. Richard Hawkes, chief executive of disability charity Scope Atos Healthcare, which assesses more than a million sickness benefit claimants, has been accused of an "unacceptable reduction" in the quality of its written reports. The Government has announced it will bring in extra companies to carry out the assessments, but Richard Hawkes, chief executive of disability charity Scope, said: "It's about time the Government told Atos to smarten up its act. "But, it's also strikingly clear to disabled people that the whole £112 million per year system is broken. "The cost of appeals has skyrocketed, assessors have resigned in disgust, and the test has received criticism from the Public Accounts Committee and National Audit Office. "The Government needs to deliver a test that is fit for purpose. "Most disabled people want to work but they face significant barriers, such as a lack of skills and experience, confidence and even negative attitudes from some employers. "The Work Capability Assessment ignores all this. It's a tick-box test of someone's medical condition." Scope have accused the Government of using a 'tick-box' system to measure disability Atos is contracted by the Department for Work and Pensions to carry out Work Capability Assessments for people applying for the sickness benefit Employment and Support Allowance (ESA), as well as people who were on Incapacity Benefit. After an urgent audit of around 400 reports carried out by the company, the Government ordered the retraining and re-evaluation of Atos employees, with those not meeting the required standard having their work audited until they do, or having their approval to carry out assessments withdrawn. Assessors have been accused of making too many mistakes and assessing people as fit for work when they are not, and many disabled people claim to have been wrongly turned down for ESA. The quality of reports produced by Atos following an assessment are graded A-C, with the number of C grades around 41 per cent between last October and March. Employment Minister Mark Hoban Employment Minister Mark Hoban said: "I am committed to ensuring the Work Capability Assessment process is as fair and accurate as possible, with the right checks and balances to ensure the right decision is reached. Where our audits identify any drop in quality, we act decisively to ensure providers meet our exacting quality standards. "Since 2010 we have made considerable improvements to the system we inherited from the previous government. However, it's vital we continue to improve the service to claimants, which is why we are introducing new providers to increase capacity." The company says it carried out one million face-to-face interviews last year, at a rate of more than 11,000 per week. It employs around 1,400 doctors, nurses and physiotherapists. Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith has come in for criticism over the system A statement from Atos said: "Our priority is the quality of our work and, following the recent audit, we quickly put in place a plan to improve the quality of written reports produced following an assessment. "The professional and compassionate service we provide to claimants and the well-being of our people remain our primary consideration. "We are sorry when we do not meet our own high standards but can reassure that a C grade report does not mean the assessment was wrong and there are checks and balances throughout the system so that the correct decision on benefit is made by the department." Labour’s Shadow Work and Pensions Secretary believes Atos h	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,624	"Who played James Herriot in the British TV series (1978 1990) ""All Creatures Great and Small""?"	All Creatures Great and Small (TV series) \| The World Is Quiet Here The World Is Quiet Here A good place to rest and replenish yourself trackback All Creatures Great and Small was a British television show based upon the books by James Herriot. It ran seven series from 1978-1990 with a break in 1980 when the characters were drawn into World War II so two specials were made in 1983 and 1985. In 1988 the series was revived and continued. Unlike the two previous films, the TV series was able to have more character development as there was so much time available. James Herriot was played by then-unknown Welsh actor Christopher Timothy, well-known actor Robert Hardy (Cornelius Fudge in two of the Harry Potter movies) was Siegfriend Farnon, and his ne’er-do-well brother Tristan Farnon was played by Peter Davison. Helen Alderson, later James Herriot’s wife, was played by Carol Drinkwater (series 1-3 and specials) and Lynda Bellingham (series 4-7, as Carol Drinkwater became unavailable). Mary Hignett was Skeldale House’s housekeeper, Mrs. Hall, who is replaced by a new houskeeper Mrs. Greenlaw (Judy Wilson) in the revived series as Mary Hignett died shortly afterwards at the end of the first three series. The series is very enjoyable to watch and it is quite easy to become glued to it, wondering what happens in the next episode, etc., etc. It’s available on VHS and DVD, some of the DVD special features include “Who’s Who”, a list of the actors and their filmography. All of the episodes I have seen so far are immensely enjoyable and there are always the moments of wit and humour. The episodes are at least an hour in length. The role of Tristan was increased during the first series as Christopher Timothy suffered a car accident and broke his leg (in one episode he is walking with difficulty, the made excuse is that he hurt his ankle) so the script and filming locations were redone (Christopher Timothy was subsequently restricted to studio shooting) for Peter Davison. As far as I know, series 1-6 are available on region 1 DVD (plus the specials). See the article All Creatures Great and Small on Answers.com for more information and a list of the episodes according to the series. Links All Creatures Great and Small on Answers.com – the article mentioned above concerning the TV series and two films previous to the series.	BBC - Press Office - Comic Relief: The Big One It's the Big One! Red Nose Day 2007 is set to be the biggest ever with the cream of comedy and entertainment jumping on board to show their support and bring to you the hottest entertainment extravaganza ever! The show just gets bigger and bigger with comedy heavyweights including Ricky Gervais, Catherine Tate, Simon Pegg and Nick Frost, Little Britain, Mitchell and Webb, Mighty Boosh and Sacha Baron Cohen. What else will you see? Well, deep breath... This year will see the biggest roll call of top presenters ever! Jonathan Ross, Russell Brand, Lenny Henry, Davina McCall, Graham Norton, Chris Evans, Paul O'Grady, Fearne Cotton and Kate Thornton will be beaming live into your living room on a night guaranteed to keep you glued to your couch. You can see Kate Moss make an appearance as Vicky Pollard's sister in Comic Relief Does Little Britain Live and Dennis Waterman finally meets his mini version and gets to sing the theme tune! You'll be wiping away the tears of laughter and sadness when Dawn French dons the collar one final time, and it really is the last one, in a special Vicar Of Dibley written by Richard Curtis and featuring an A-list visitor to the village – the one and only Sting. Richard Curtis also got behind the camera to film a brand new Mr Bean sketch especially for the Big One. This time the loveable yet clumsy Bean finds himself at the wedding of an unsuspecting couple played by Michelle Ryan and Matthew MacFadyen. Expect mishaps and mayhem as well as a very angry father of the bride played by David Haig. Catherine Tate has teamed up with Lenny Henry and Doctor Who star David Tennant as well as some other surprise guests for some un-missable new sketches. Of course it wouldn't be Red Nose Day without some of your favourite TV shows getting the Comic Relief treatment. Tune in to see the conclusion of Comic Relief Does The Apprentice - two teams will be battling it out in a Sir Alan Sugar style girls v boys showdown. Doing their very best not to be fired or even get torn off a strip in the boardroom will be Cheryl Cole, Rupert Everett, Maureen Lipman, Jo Brand, Ross Kemp, Trinny Woodall, Alastair Campbell, Karren Brady, Piers Morgan and Danny Baker. The two hottest girl bands on the planet have teamed up for this year's official Red Nose Day single. Sugababes and Girls Aloud will be releasing their version of the Run DMC/ Aerosmith classic Walk This Way. Expect an electrifying performance from the girls on the night! Comic Relief Does Fame Academy is back by popular demand and only two celebrities will be left standing and rasping to battle it out and follow in Edith Bowman's footsteps to win the viewers' votes, raise some cash and be crowned champion. Presenters Patrick Kielty and Claudia Winkleman will be on hand to protect them from the judges' comments. Sparks and microphones will fly... Harry Hill will provide us with a special Comic Relief themed TV Burp, Armando Ianucci presents his worst moments from Comic Relief while Simon Pegg and Nick Frost present their favourite Red Nose Day clips. The Mighty Boosh bring their own brand of anarchic humour live to the Comic Relief studio, and Mitchell and Webb will also treat us to two live versions of popular sketches from their hit BBC Two show. Tune in for a very special surprise from Peter Kay, plus see Ricky Gervais as you've never seen him before. There will be some new Creature Comforts from Aardman Animations who have also teamed up with cutting-edge comic Marc Wooton to create an exclusive new character. Tim Westwood and the crew of MTV's hit show Pimp My Ride UK, made a special pit stop to surprise the elderly ladies of Leek, Staffordshire, with news that their shabby, rust-encrusted mini-bus was to be pimped. Tune into the show to see the result of all their hard work. The Big One will also feature the biggest names in music. Two of the greatest bands in the world today - Take That and The Killers - will perform live. There will also be special reports from Billy C	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,625	"Who had a UK number One hit single with ""I Feel Love"" in 1977?"	Donna Summer - I Love You (Extended Version) Casablanca Records 1977 - YouTube Donna Summer - I Love You (Extended Version) Casablanca Records 1977 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jan 11, 2015 "I Love You" is a song by American singer and songwriter Donna Summer that became a number 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart and reached number 37 in the US Billboard Hot 100 in 1977. Originally featured on the highly acclaimed album Once Upon a Time, it was edited in length for its release as a single. The album is a double LP concept album telling a modern-day Cinderella rags-to-riches story, with I Love You featured toward the end of the album when the main character and the object of her desire declare their love for each other. Once Upon a Time is the sixth studio album by American singer Donna Summer. It was released on October 25, 1977, and peaked at No. 26 on the US Billboard 200, number thirteen on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and No. 24 on the UK Albums Chart. The entire album charted as one entry at No. 1 on the Hot Dance/Disco chart. Once Upon a Time includes the singles "I Love You", "Fairy Tale High", "Once Upon a Time" and "Rumour Has It". The album was not as successful as Summer's previous album I Remember Yesterday'; it did not spawn a hit single as popular as "I Feel Love". The concept album was Summer's first double album, telling a modern-day Cinderella-themed story through means of disco music. The album's story concept was conceived by Joyce Bogart, Susan Munao and Donna Summer based on an idea by Al Bogatz. The songs were written in collaboration between Summer, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte. The album was recorded at Musicland Studios, Munich. Arrangements were handled by Bob Esty while electronic arrangements were the work of Moroder. The artwork was designed by Stephen Lumel and Gribbitt! with photography by Francesco Scavullo. Summer's previous two records were musical concept albums: 1976's Four Seasons of Love told the story of a love affair by relating it to the four seasons, while 1977's I Remember Yesterday presented a musical catalogue of musical styles and lyrical themes from the past, present and an imagined future. Once Upon A Time is another concept album—the first "disco opera" per Robert Christgau —developed by Joyce Bogart, Susan Munao and Donna Summer as a modern-day Cinderella narrative. Throughout the album and as described in the liner notes storyline, the songs tell the story of a young woman who lives in a fantasy world of make-believe in which she is seemingly trapped, but thanks to her belief in her dreams she embarks on an adventure that ends with the man she loves entering her life. The "rags to riches" story is brought into the modern day via the use of the electronic disco sound. The album sold reasonably well as it made the US Top 30 and was certified gold in the U.S. by the RIAA that same year. It spawned the European hit single "I Love You", which became her fifth Top 10 in the UK in less than two years, and it also hit the US Top 40. "Rumour Has It" was also a UK Top 20 hit. All songs written and composed by Donna Summer, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte. Well he searched and searched for nights and days Till he found the one he loved And he wrapped her in his arms again And then he thanked the stars above That he found who he'd been looking for And he stared her in the eyes He said, "I love you" He said, "I love you" She stared him right back in the eyes With a look of disbelief Then she gazed off into somewhere else Was it real or just a dream? And she pulled him, oh so close to her And she whispered in his ear She said, "I love you She said I love you too So together they will always be Until the stars fall from the sky They said, "I love you Yes, I really do" They said, "I love you Yes, I do" So together they will always be Until th	UK MUSIC CHARTS, No.1 Singles 1: Al Martino - Here In My Heart - 14/11/1952. 1953 2: Jo Stafford : You Belong To Me - 16/1/1953 3: Kay Starr : Comes A-Long A-Love - 23/1/1953. 4: Eddie Fisher: Outside Of Heaven - 30/1/1953. Feb 5: Perry Como: Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes - 6/2/1953 March 6: Guy Mitchell: She Wears Red Feathers - 13/3/1953 April 7: Stargazers: Broken Wings - 10/4/1953 8: Lita Roza: (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window - 17/4/1953 9: Frankie Laine: I Believe - 24/4/1953 June 10: Eddie Fisher: I'm Walking Behind You - 26/6/1953 Aug 11: Mantovani Song: from 'The Moulin Rouge' - 14/8/1953 Sept 12: Guy Mitchell: Look At That Girl - 11/9/1953 Oct 13: Frankie Laine: Hey Joe - 23/10/1953 Nov 14: David Whitfield: Answer Me - 6/11/1953 15: Frankie Laine: Answer Me - 13/11/1953 1954 16: Eddie Calvert: Oh Mein Papa 8/1/1954 March 17: Stargazers: I See The Moon 12/3/1954. April 18: Doris Day: Secret Love 16/4/1954 19: Johnnie Ray: Such A Night 30/4/1954 July 20: David Whitfield: Cara Mia 2/7/1954 Sept 21: Kitty Kallen: Little Things Mean A Lot 10/9/1954 22: Frank Sinatra: Three Coins In The Fountain 17/9/1954 Oct 23: Don Cornell: Hold My Hand 8/10/1954 Nov 24: Vera Lynn: My Son My Son 5/11/1954 25: Rosemary Clooney: This Ole House 26/11/1954 Dec 26: Winifred Atwell: Let's Have Another Party 3/12/1954 1955 27: Dickie Valentine: Finger Of Suspicion 7/1/1955. 28: Rosemary Clooney: Mambo Italiano 14/1/1955 Feb 29: Ruby Murray: Softly, Softly 18/2/1955 March 30: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Give Me Your Word, 11/3/1955 April 31: Perez Prez Prado & His Orchestra: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 29/4/1955 May 32: Tony Bennett: Stranger In Paradise 13/5/1955 33: Eddie Calvert: Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White 27/5/1955 June 34: Jimmy Young: Unchained Melody 24/6/1955 July 35: Alma Cogan: Dreamboat 15/7/1955 36: Slim Whitman: Rose Marie 29/7/1955 Oct 37: Jimmy Young: The Man From Laramie 14/10/1955 Nov 38: Johnston Brothers: Hernando's Hideaway 11/11/1955 39: Bill Haley & His Comets: Rock Around The Clock 25/11/1955 Dec 40: Dickie Valentine: Christmas Alphabet 16/12/1955 1956 41: Tennessee Ernie Ford: Sixteen Tons 20/1/1956. Feb 42: Dean Martin: Memories Are Made Of This 17/2/1956 March 43: Dream Weavers: It's Almost Tomorrow 16/3/1956 44: Kay Starr: Rock And Roll Waltz 30/3/1956 April 45: Winifred Atwell: Poor People Of Paris 13/4/1956 May 46: Ronnie Hilton: No Other Love 4/5/1956 June 47: Pat Boone: I'll Be Home 15/6/1956 July 48: Frankie Lymon And The Teenagers - Why Do Fools Fall in Love 20/7/1956 Aug 49: Doris Day - Whatever Will Be Will Be (Que Sera, Sera) 10/8/1956 Sept 50: Anne Shelton - Lay Down Your Arms 21/9/1956 Oct 51: Frankie Laine - A Woman In Love 19/10/1956 Nov 52: Johnnie Ray - Just Walking In The Rain 16/11/1956 1957 53: Guy Mitchell.. Singing The Blues 4/1/1957 54: Tommy Steele.. Singing The Blues 11/1/1957 55: Frankie Vaughan.. The Garden Of Eden 25/1/1957 Feb 56: Tab Hunter.. Young Love 22/2/1957 April 57: Lonnie Donegan.. Cumberland Gap 12/4/1957 May 58: Guy Mitchell.. Rock-A-Billy 17/5/1957 59: Andy Williams.. Butterfly 24/5/1957 June 60: Johnnie Ray.. Yes Tonight Josephine 7/6/1957 61. Lonnie Donegan.. Puttin' On The Style / Gamblin' Man 28/6/1957 July 62. Elvis Presley.. All Shook Up 12/7/1957 Aug 63. Paul Anka.. Diana 30/8/1957 Nov 64. The Crickets.. That'll Be The Day 1/11/1957 65. Harry Belafonte.. Mary's Boy Child 22/11/1957 1958 66. Jerry Lee Lewis.. Great Balls Of Fire 10/1/1958 67. Elvis Presley.. Jailhouse Rock 24/1/1958 Feb 68. Michael Holliday.. The Story Of My Life 14/2/1958 69. Perry Como.. Magic Moments 28/2/1958 April 70. Marvin Rainwater.. Whole Lotta Woman 25/4/1958 May 71. Connie Francis.. Who's Sorry Now 16/5/1958 June 72. Vic Damone.. On The Street Where You Live 27/6/1958 July 73. Everly Brothers.. All I Have To Do Is Dream / Claudette 4/7/1958 Aug 74. Kalin Twins.. When 22/8/1958 Sept 75. Connie Francis.. Carolina Moon / Stupid Cupid 26/9/1958 Nov 76. Tommy Edwards.. All In The Game 7/11/1958 77. Lord Rockingham's XI.. Hoots Mon 28/11/195	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,626	The Philippines were named after which king of Spain?	A Brief History of The Philippines A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES By Tim Lambert The Early Philippines The Philippines is named after King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) and it was a Spanish colony for over 300 years. Today the Philippines is an archipelago of 7,000 islands. However it is believed that during the last ice age they were joined to mainland Asia by a land bridge, enabling human beings to walk from there. The first people in the Philippines were hunter-gatherers. However between 3,000 BC and 2,000 BC people learned to farm. They grew rice and domesticated animals. From the 10th AD century Filipinos traded with China and by the 12th Century AD Arab merchants reached the Philippines and they introduced Islam. Then in 1521 Ferdinand Magellan sailed across the Pacific. He landed in the Philippines and claimed them for Spain. Magellan baptized a chief called Humabon and hoped to make him a puppet ruler on behalf of the Spanish crown. Magellan demanded that other chiefs submit to Humabon but one chief named Lapu Lapu refused. Magellan led a force to crush him. However the Spanish soldiers were scattered and Magellan was killed. The Spaniards did not gain a foothold in the Philippines until 1565 when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi led an expedition, which built a fort in Cebu. Later, in 1571 the Spaniards landed in Luzon. Here they built the city of Intramuros (later called Manila), which became the capital of the Philippines. Spanish conquistadors marched inland and conquered Luzon. They created a feudal system. Spaniards owned vast estates worked by Filipinos. Along with conquistadors went friars who converted the Filipinos to Catholicism. The friars also built schools and universities. The Spanish colony in the Philippines brought prosperity - for the upper class anyway! Each year the Chinese exported goods such as silk, porcelain and lacquer to the Philippines. From there they were re-exported to Mexico. The years passed uneventfully in the Philippines until in 1762 the British captured Manila. They held it for two years but they handed it back in 1764 under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763. The Philippines in the 19th Century In 1872 there was a rebellion in Cavite but it was quickly crushed. However nationalist feeling continued to grow helped by a writer named Jose Rizal (1861-1896). He wrote two novels Noli Me Tangere (Touch me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Filibusterer) which stoked the fires of nationalism. In 1892 Jose Rizal founded a movement called Liga Filipina, which called for reform rather than revolution. As a result Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan on Mindanao. Meanwhile Andres Bonifacio formed a more extreme organisation called the Katipunan. In August 1896 they began a revolution. Jose Rizal was accused of supporting the revolution, although he did not and he was executed on 30 December 1896. Yet his execution merely inflamed Filipino opinion and the revolution grew. Then in 1898 came war between the USA and Spain. On 30 April 1898 the Americans defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. Meanwhile Filipino revolutionaries had surrounded Manila. Their leader, Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines independent on 12 June. However as part of the peace treaty Spain ceded the Philippines to the USA. The Americans planned to take over. War between American forces in Manila and the Filipinos began on 4 February 1899. The Filipino-American War lasted until 1902 when Aguinaldo was captured. The Philippines in the 20th Century American rule in the Philippines was paternalistic. They called their policy 'Benevolent Assimilation'. They wanted to 'Americanize' the Filipinos but they never quite succeeded. However they did do some good. Many American teachers were sent to the Philippines in a ship called the Thomas and they did increase literacy. In 1935 the Philippines were made a commonwealth and were semi-independent. Manuel Quezon became president. The USA promised that the Philippines would become completely independent in 1945. However in December 1941 Japan attacked the US fle	Commonwealth of the Philippines - Wikipilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia Commonwealth of the Philippines Lupang Hinirang Location of the Philippines in Asia Capital Manila ¹ Language(s) Pilipino , English , Spanish Government Republic President - 1935-1944 Manuel L. Quezon - 1944-1946 Sergio Osmeña - 1946 Manuel Roxas Vice President - 1935-1944 Sergio Osmeña - 1946 Elpidio Quirino Historical era American colonization - Philippine Independence Act March 24 - Independence July 4 Area - 1939 300,000 km² (115,831 sq mi) Population - 1939 est. 18,434,000 Density 61.4 /km² (159.1 /sq mi) Currency Peso ¹ Capital held by enemy forces between December 24, 1941 and February 27, 1945. Temporary capitals Corregidor from December 24, 1941-; Iloilo City from February 22; Bacolod from February 26; Buenos Aire, Negros Occidental from February 27; Oroquieta from March 19; Bukidnon from March 23; Melbourne from April; Washington, DC from May, 1942 to October, 1944; Tacloban from October 20, 1944. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth with the United States. Before 1935, the Philippines was an insular area with non-commonwealth status, and before that, it had been a[United States territory\|U.S. territory. The creation of the Commonwealth was envisioned under the Philippine Independence Act, popularly known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act as a ten-year transitional government in preparation for full Philippine independence and sovereignty which was promised through the Philippine Autonomy Act or [[Jones Law It marked the end of the colonial eras as well as the transition of the nomenclature of the Philippines from the plural "Las Islas Filipinas" and "Philippine Islands" of the Spanish and American colonial periods, to the singular, "Philippines", which is a sign of unity, sovereignty, and national identity. Contents 9 Original Source Structure The Commonwealth had its own constitution, which remained effective until 1973 and was self-governing although foreign policy and military affairs would be under the responsibility of the United States, and certain legislation required the approval of the American president It featured a very strong executive , a unicameral [[National Assembly of the Philippines\|National Assembly and a Supreme Court of the Philippines\|Supreme Court all composed entirely of Filipinos, as well as an elected Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives (as Puerto Rico does today). An American High Commissioner and an American Office of the Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines\|Military Advisor were also present in the government while an American Field Marshal (Philippines)\|Field Marshall was in charge of the Philippine Army . In 1939-40, after an amendment in the Constitution, a bicameral [[Philippine Congress\|Congress consisting a of [[Philippine Senate\|Senate and of a [[Philippine House of Representatives\|House of Representatives was restored replacing the National Assembly . History Creation 23 March 1935 : Constitutional Convention. Seated, left to right: George H. Dern, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Manuel L. Quezon In December 1932, the United States Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act with the premise of granting Filipinos independence. Provisions of the bill included reserving several military and naval bases for the United States, as well as imposing tariffs and quotas on Philippine exports. It was vetoed by President Herbert Hoover but the American Congress overrode his veto in 1933 and passed the bill. The bill, however, was opposed by the then Philippine Senate President Manuel L. Quezon and was also rejected by the Philippine Senate . This led to the creation and passing of a new bill known as Tydings-McDuffie Act, which allowed the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippine with a ten-year period of peaceful transition to full independence. Pre-War In October 1935, presidential elections were held and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,627	In July this year we saw the final Space Shuttle mission. Which shuttle was used for the voyage?	The Most Memorable Space Shuttle Missions The Most Memorable Space Shuttle Missions By Clara Moskowitz, SPACE.com Assistant Managing Editor \| May 30, 2011 02:22am ET MORE Credit: NASA NASA's Prolific Space Shuttles NASA's storied space shuttle program has seen some amazing highs, and a couple devastating lows over the course of its 30-year history. Soon, the world's first reusable spacecraft will retire to make way for NASA's next phase. But for now, here's a look back at the most memorable missions of the space shuttle's tenure. 2 of 20 Credit: NASA First Shuttle Flight: STS-1 (Columbia) On April 12, 1981, NASA's maiden space shuttle Columbia lifted off for the first time 30 years ago, carrying astronauts John Young and Bob Crippen. That mission marked many firsts, including the first time solid rocket engines were used to propel a spaceship into orbit, and the first time a spaceship landed back on Earth by gliding down a runway, instead of splashing into the ocean like Apollo capsules or on land like Russia's spacecraft. Columbia's flight was also the first powered test flight of the space shuttle, and marked the first time a spacecraft's debut test flight was manned, rather than unmanned. Although the mission saw a few slight anomalies, overall the space shuttle performed exceptionally on its maiden voyage. 3 of 20 Credit: NASA A Shuttle Lands at White Sands: STS-3 (Columbia) This March 22, 1982 shuttle mission, the third flight of the fleet, was focused on further testing of the shuttle, including its robotic arm system, Canadarm, and its thermal protection shielding. Because of high winds at Columbia's planned landing site at Edwards Air Force Base in California, the shuttle was forced to glide down at the backup site of White Sands Test Facility near Las Cruces, N.M. While the site, now called the White Sands Space Harbor, still remains a backup landing facility for the shuttle, a shuttle never landed there following the STS-3 mission. 4 of 20 Credit: NASA First American Woman in Space: STS-7 (Challenger) The STS-7 crew of space shuttle Challenger included Sally Ride when it sailed into orbit on June 18, 1983, making Ride the first American woman in space. The flight came 20 years after the mission that launched the first woman pilot into space, Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, during the former Soviet Union's June 1963 flight of Vostok 6. During the STS-7 mission, Ride and the other four astronauts onboard, led by Bob Crippen, deployed two telecommunications satellites—one for Canada and one for Indonesia. This was the seventh space shuttle mission, and was the second mission for the Challenger orbiter. At the time, the five spaceflyers on STS-7 were the largest single crew to fly together in space. 5 of 20 Credit: NASA First African-American Astronaut Reaches Space: STS-8 (Challenger) The very next shuttle mission after Ride's history-making launch saw the first flight of an African American in space. Guion Bluford launched aboard the shuttle Challenger on Aug. 30, 1983 along with four other astronauts led by commander Richard Truly. The crew released an Indian communications and weather satellite into orbit, and conducted a set of science experiments. They also tested the Canadarm on a dummy second payload. This mission was also the first time the space shuttle launched and landed at night. 6 of 20 Credit: NASA Shuttle Fleet's Spacelab Debut: STS-9 (Columbia) NASA's STS-9 flight of shuttle Columbia, the ninth shuttle flight, launched on Nov. 28, 1983 and was a mission dedicated entirely to science. It was the first mission to use the Spacelab module, a cylindrical laboratory of science experiments packed into the shuttle's cargo bay. The six crewmembers onboard spent 10 days on a joint NASA/European Space Agency program to demonstrate the usefulness of the shuttle to conduct advanced scientific research. Spacelab would go on to be used on 22 shuttle missions until April 1998. 7 of 20 Credit: NASA First Untethered Spacewalk: STS-41B (Challenger) The STS-41B flight of Challenger lifted off on Feb. 3, 1984 a	World's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, finishes final voyage \| Fox News World's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, USS Enterprise, finishes final voyage Published November 04, 2012 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print March 8, 2012: In this photo, Petty Officer 3rd Class Michael Joseph, carries his daughter Maleah, 1, to his re-enlistment ceremony aboard the nuclear powered aircraft carrier USS Enterprise at the Norfolk Naval Station in Norfolk, Va. (AP) ABOARD THE USS ENTERPRISE – The world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier ended its remarkable career at sea on Sunday when it pulled into its home port for the final time after participating in every major conflict since the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. The USS Enterprise began shutting down its eight nuclear reactors almost as soon as it arrived at its pier at Naval Station Norfolk in Virginia, where thousands of cheering family members and friends welcomed the ship home from its 25th and final deployment after nearly eight months at sea. The ship will never move on its own power again and will eventually be scrapped in Washington state, making its final voyage a sentimental one for those who have sailed aboard "The Big E." Copies of the ship's daily newspaper, "The Shuttle," were in short supply as sailors looked for memorabilia to take with them. Countless personal photos were taken by sailors throughout the ship as it approached shore. "It's exceptionally emotional and exceptionally satisfying," Rear Adm. Ted Carter, commander of the Enterprise Strike Group, said as Naval Station Norfolk came into view and his sailors manned the rails. However, Carter is the first to say that the Enterprise's final deployment was anything but a sentimental victory lap. The ships' fighter planes flew more than 2,200 combat sorties and dropped 56 bombs in Afghanistan while supporting U.S. and international ground troops. In a show of force to Iran, the ship also passed through the strategic Strait of Hormuz 10 times, a figure that Carter said is more than double the typical amount. The Enterprise has been a frequent traveler to the Middle East over its career. It was the first nuclear-powered carrier to transit through the Suez Canal in 1986, and it was the first carrier to respond following the Sept. 11 attacks, changing course overnight to head to the Arabian Sea. An entire room on the ship serves as a museum to its history, which includes a large photo of the burning Twin Towers placed in a timeline that wraps around a wall. The Navy will officially deactivate the Enterprise on Dec. 1, but it will take several more years for it to be decommissioned as its reactors are taken out. About 15,000 people are expected to attend the deactivation ceremony, which will be its last public ceremony after several days of tours for former crew members. Those who have served on the ship have a unique camaraderie. It is the second-oldest ship in the Navy after the USS Constitution, and its age has frequently shown. Sailors who work on the Enterprise have a saying: "There's tough, then there's Enterprise tough." Things frequently break down, and spare parts for a ship that's the only one in its class aren't made anymore. "She's just old, so you got to work around her," said Petty Officer 2nd Class Danielle Almaraz, an electronic technician. "We have to make our own parts sometimes because it just doesn't exist." Those deployed on the Enterprise knew life wouldn't be easy at sea, a fact highlighted last year when former commanding officer Capt. Owen Honors was fired for airing raunchy videos that he said were intended to boost morale. During a hearing in which Honors was trying to avoid being kicked out of the Navy, he and his lawyers frequently referenced the difficult conditions on board. Honors was found to have committed misconduct, but ultimately allowed to stay in the service. He is retiring in April. Some of the ship's original crewmembers from 51 years ago -- known as plank owners -- were among the 1,500 civilians who joined the Enterprise for i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,628	What is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep?	Sleep Apnea - Sleep Problems - Respiratory Disorders - Online Health Library - University of Miami Health System stroke What are the different types of sleep apnea? Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep. There are two types of sleep apnea: central - occurs when the brain fails to send the appropriate signals to the muscles to initiate breathing. Central sleep apnea is less common than obstructive sleep apnea. obstructive - occurs when air cannot flow into or out of the person's nose or mouth although efforts to breathe continue. Who is affected by sleep apnea? Sleep apnea seems to run in some families, suggesting a possible genetic basis. People most likely to have or develop sleep apnea include those who: snore loudly. have high blood pressure. have some physical abnormality in the nose, throat, or other parts of the upper airway. Use of alcohol and sleeping pills increases the frequency and duration of breathing pauses in people with sleep apnea. What are the characteristics of sleep apnea? Sleep apnea is characterized by a number of involuntary breathing pauses or "apneic events" during a single night's sleep - may be as many as 20 to 30 or more events per hour. These events are almost always accompanied by snoring between apnea episodes (although not everyone who snores has sleep apnea). Sleep apnea may also be characterized by choking sensations. The frequent interruptions of deep, restorative sleep often lead to early morning headaches and excessive daytime sleepiness. During the apneic event, the person is unable to breathe in oxygen and to exhale carbon dioxide, resulting in low levels of oxygen and increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. The reduction in oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide alert the brain to resume breathing and cause an arousal. With each arousal, a signal is sent from the brain to the upper airway muscles to open the airway; breathing is resumed, often with a loud snort or gasp. Frequent arousals, although necessary for breathing to restart, prevent a person from getting enough restorative, deep sleep. What are the causes of sleep apnea? Certain mechanical and structural problems in the airway cause the interruptions in breathing during sleep. Apnea occurs: when the throat muscles and tongue relax during sleep and partially block the opening of the airway. when the muscles of the soft palate at the base of the tongue and the uvula relax and sag, the airway becomes blocked, making breathing labored and noisy and even stopping it altogether. in obese people when an excess amount of tissue in the airway causes it to be narrowed. with a narrowed airway, the person continues his/her efforts to breathe, but air cannot easily flow into or out of the nose or mouth. How is sleep apnea diagnosed? Diagnosis of sleep apnea is not simple because there can be many different causes. Primary care physicians, pulmonologists, neurologists, or other physicians with specialty training in sleep disorders may be involved in making a definitive diagnosis and initiating treatment. Several tests are available for evaluating a person for sleep apnea, including: polysomnography - a test that records a variety of body functions during sleep, such as the electrical activity of the brain, eye movement, muscle activity, heart rate, respiratory effort, air flow, and blood oxygen levels. Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) - a test that measures the speed of falling asleep. People without sleep problems usually take an average of 10 to 20 minutes to fall asleep. Individuals who fall asleep in less than 5 minutes are likely to require some type of treatment for sleep disorders. Diagnostic tests usually are performed in a sleep center, but new technology may allow some sleep studies to be conducted in the patient's home. How is sleep apnea treated? Specific treatment will be determined by your physician based on: your age, overall health, and medical history extent of the disease your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies expectati	Poll system, 2 new trivia lists · Twentysix26/Red-DiscordBot@9ce74b6 · GitHub 75 trivia/2015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +In China in 2015 the record for the longest mating session between two giant pandas was broken at?`18 minutes`18 mins +Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show?`Bike +A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually?`Hum +Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did in 2015?`Eisenhower +Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service in 2015 called? `Tidal +At auction in 2015, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? `American Pie +In 2015 what global contest ruled against the use of swimsuits for its 114 competitors, for the first time since 1951 inception? `Miss World +Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015?`Google +In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age to what?`18`eighteen +The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as?`Camel Flu +Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book?`Fifty Shades of Grey`50 shades of grey +Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?`Rupert Murdoch`murdoch +In 2015 a new North Korean schools curriculum reportedly included that leader Kim Jong-un learnt to drive at age?`3`three +Which car company launched the Avensis model in 2015?`Toyota +In 2015 evidence of water was found on which planet?`Mars +Which 'BRIC' country launched the Astrosat space lab in 2015?`India +Who won the 2015 men's tennis French Open?`Stan Warwinka`warwinka +What company launched the S6 Edge smartphone?`Samsung +Which leading professional networking tech corporation, whose main revenue is selling user access/details to recruiters, bought the Lynda learning company for $1.5bn in 2015?`Linkedin`linked in +'Dismaland' was the temporary theme park/exhibition of which famous 'anonymous' artist?`Banksy +Matthais Muller was made chief of which troubled car company in 2015?`Volkswagen`vw +In 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency suggested banning which nation from the 2016 Olympics?`Russia +The game of Monopoly celebrated what anniversary in 2015?`eighty`80`80th +Name the Princess born 4th in succession to the British throne in 2015, to Britain's Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?`Charlotte +The 2015 Mad Max movie is sub-titled?`Fury Road`mad max: fury road`mad max fury road +The Magna Carta, signed in London, and inspiring constitutional rights globally thereafter, was how many years old in 2015?`eight hundred`800 +In 2015 the Sinabug volcano erupted in what country?`Indonesia +Olav Bjortmont became 2015 world champion in?`Quizzing`quiz +Lars Lokke led his centre-right party to 2015 government election victory in what country?`Denmark +Blackberry's new phone for 2015 was called the...?`Priv +Facebook's new music sharing/streaming feature launched in 2015 was called "Music... "?`Stories +Eddie Jones was appointed head coach of which English sporting team in 2015?`Rugby Union`rugby +According to 2015 survey what fruit was most popular among USA children?`Apples`apple +Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey celebrated what birthday in 2015?`49`fourty-nine`fourty nine`49th +Jon Snow was killed off in what TV series in 2015, adapted from GRR Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'?`Game of Thrones +Finance minister Yanis Yaroufakis caused comment for not wearing a tie in February 2015 when negotiating the debts for which nation?`Greece +What nation hosted the 2015 Women's World (soccer) Cup?`Canada +What iconic equine-alluding company, in countless books/films/cowboy holsters, filed for bankruptcy in 2015?`Colt +Due to a 2015 contamination scandal in India/Afica, which corporation destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi noodles?`Nestle +How many years old was the McDonalds fast food company in 2015?`60`sixty +It was announced in 2015 that Alexander Hamilton would be replaced on?`$10 bill`$10`tendollars`ten dollar bill`ten	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,629	Which best-selling author wrote the novel 'A Painted House'?	A Painted House: A Novel: John Grisham: 9780345532046: Amazon.com: Books Read more From Publishers Weekly Who needs lawyers? Not Grisham, in his captivating new novel, now between hardcovers after serialization in the Oxford American. Here there are hardscrabble farmers instead, and dirt-poor itinerant workers and a seven-year-old boy who grows up fast in a story as rich in conflict and incident as any previous Grisham and as nuanced as his very best. It's September 1952 in rural Arkansas when young narrator Luke Chandler notes that "the hill people and the Mexicans arrived on the same day." These folk are in Black Oak for the annual harvest of the cotton grown on the 80 acres that the Chandlers rent. The three generations of the Chandler family treat their workers more kindly than most farmers do, including engaging in the local obsession--playing baseball--with them, but serious trouble arises among the harvesters nonetheless. Most of it centers around Hank Spruill, a giant hillbilly with an equally massive temper, who one night in town beats a man dead and who throughout the book rubs up against a knife-wielding Mexican who is dating Hank's 17-year-old sister on the sly, leading to another murder. In fact, there's a mess of trouble in Luke's life, from worries about his uncle Ricky fighting in Korea to concerns about the nearby Latcher family and its illegitimate newborn baby, who may be Ricky's son. And then there are the constant fears about the weather, as much a character in this novel as any human, from the tornado that storms past the farm to the downpours that eventually flood the fields, ruining the crop and washing Luke and his family into a new life.Grisham admirers know that this author's writing has evolved with nearly every book, from the simple mechanics that made The Firm click to the manifestations of grace that made The Testament such a fine novel of spiritual reckoning. The mechanics are still visible here--as a nosy, spying boy, Luke serves as a nearly omnipresent eye to spur the novel along its course--but so, too, are characters that no reader will forget, prose as clean and strong as any Grisham has yet laid down and a drop-dead evocation of a time and place that mark this novel as a classic slice of Americana. Agent, David Gernert. (One-day laydown, Feb. 6)FORECAST: Will Grisham's fans miss the lawyers? Not hardly. This is a Grisham novel all the way, despite its surface departures from the legal thrillers, and it will be received as such, justifying the 2.8-million first printing. (For more on Grisham, see Book News, p. 178) Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.	100 Best Novels « Modern Library INVISIBLE MAN by Ralph Ellison NATIVE SON by Richard Wright HENDERSON THE RAIN KING by Saul Bellow APPOINTMENT IN SAMARRA by John O’Hara U.S.A.(trilogy) by John Dos Passos WINESBURG, OHIO by Sherwood Anderson A PASSAGE TO INDIA by E.M. Forster THE AMBASSADORS by Henry James TENDER IS THE NIGHT by F. Scott Fitzgerald THE STUDS LONIGAN TRILOGY by James T. Farrell THE GOOD SOLDIER by Ford Madox Ford ANIMAL FARM by George Orwell THE GOLDEN BOWL by Henry James SISTER CARRIE by Theodore Dreiser A HANDFUL OF DUST by Evelyn Waugh ALL THE KING’S MEN by Robert Penn Warren THE BRIDGE OF SAN LUIS REY by Thornton Wilder HOWARDS END by E.M. Forster THE HEART OF THE MATTER by Graham Greene LORD OF THE FLIES by William Golding DELIVERANCE by James Dickey A DANCE TO THE MUSIC OF TIME (series) by Anthony Powell POINT COUNTER POINT by Aldous Huxley THE SUN ALSO RISES by Ernest Hemingway ATLAS SHRUGGED by Ayn Rand THE FOUNTAINHEAD by Ayn Rand BATTLEFIELD EARTH by L. Ron Hubbard THE LORD OF THE RINGS by J.R.R. Tolkien TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD by Harper Lee 1984 by George Orwell WE THE LIVING by Ayn Rand MISSION EARTH by L. Ron Hubbard FEAR by L. Ron Hubbard ULYSSES by James Joyce THE GREAT GATSBY by F. Scott Fitzgerald DUNE by Frank Herbert THE MOON IS A HARSH MISTRESS by Robert Heinlein STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND by Robert Heinlein A TOWN LIKE ALICE by Nevil Shute BRAVE NEW WORLD by Aldous Huxley THE CATCHER IN THE RYE by J.D. Salinger ANIMAL FARM by George Orwell GRAVITY’S RAINBOW by Thomas Pynchon THE GRAPES OF WRATH by John Steinbeck SLAUGHTERHOUSE FIVE by Kurt Vonnegut GONE WITH THE WIND by Margaret Mitchell LORD OF THE FLIES by William Golding SHANE by Jack Schaefer FARENHEIT 451 by Ray Bradbury ARROWSMITH by Sinclair Lewis WATERSHIP DOWN by Richard Adams NAKED LUNCH by William S. Burroughs THE HUNT FOR RED OCTOBER by Tom Clancy GUILTY PLEASURES by Laurell K. Hamilton THE PUPPET MASTERS by Robert Heinlein IT by Stephen King DOUBLE STAR by Robert Heinlein CITIZEN OF THE GALAXY by Robert Heinlein BRIDESHEAD REVISITED by Evelyn Waugh LIGHT IN AUGUST by William Faulkner ONE FLEW OVER THE CUCKOO’S NEST by Ken Kesey A FAREWELL TO ARMS by Ernest Hemingway THE SHELTERING SKY by Paul Bowles SOMETIMES A GREAT NOTION by Ken Kesey MY ANTONIA by Willa Cather MULENGRO by Charles de Lint SUTTREE by Cormac McCarthy MYTHAGO WOOD by Robert Holdstock ILLUSIONS by Richard Bach	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,630	"Among the works of which English landscape painter are ""The Fighting Temeraire"" and ""The Sun of Venice Going to Sea""?"	William Turner Biography Self Portrait c. 1799 Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, England. His father, William Gay Turner (27 January 1738 – 7 August 1829), was a barber and wig maker. His mother, Mary Marshall, became increasingly mentally unstable, perhaps, in part, due to the early death of Turner's younger sister, Helen Turner, in 1786. She died in 1804, after having been committed to a mental asylum in 1799. Possibly due to the load placed on the family by these problems, the young Turner was sent to stay with his uncle on his mother's side in Brentford in 1785, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the River Thames. It was here that he first expressed an interest in painting. A year later he went to school in Margate on the north-east Kent coast. By this time he had created many drawings, which his father exhibited in his shop window. He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old, and was accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy at the time, chaired the panel that admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to keep to painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick (junior). A watercolour of Turner's was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year's study. He exhibited his first oil painting in 1796, Fishermen at Sea, and thereafter exhibited at the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life. her Last Berth to be broken up 1838 39 Although renowned for his oils, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light". One of his most famous oil paintings is The fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, painted in 1838, which hangs in the National Gallery, London. Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. On a visit to Lyme Regis, in Dorset, England, he painted a stormy scene (now in the Cincinnati Art Museum). Important support for his works also came from Walter Ramsden Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, near Otley in Yorkshire, who became a close friend of the artist. Turner first visited Otley in 1797, aged 22, when commissioned to paint watercolours of the area. He was so attracted to Otley and the surrounding area that he returned time and time again. The stormy backdrop of Hannibal Crossing The Alps is reputed to have been inspired by a storm over Otley's Chevin while Turner was staying at Farnley Hall. Turner was also a frequent guest of George O'Brien Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont at Petworth House in West Sussex and painted scenes from the grounds of the house and of the Sussex countryside, including a view of the Chichester Canal that Egremont funded. Petworth House still displays a number of paintings. Thunder Storm Approaching As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends except for his father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His father's death in 1829 had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to bouts of depression. He never married, although he had two daughters by Sarah Danby, one born in 1801, the other in 1811. He died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea on 19 December 1851. He is said to have uttered the last words "The sun is God" before expiring. At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds. His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1850. The architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) who was a friend of Turner's and also the son of the artist's tutor, Thomas Hardwick, was one in charge of his funeral arrangements and wrote to those who knew Turner to tell them at the time of his death that "I must inform you, we have lost him". Style Burning of the Houses of Parliament Turner's talent was recognised early in his life	John Crome (1768–1821) \| Art UK Art UK \| Discover Artists John Crome (1768–1821) View all 127 (b Norwich, 22 Dec. 1768; d Norwich, 22 Apr. 1821). English landscape painter and etcher, with Cotman the major artist of the Norwich School. Whereas Cotman was primarily a watercolourist, Crome painted mainly in oils. He was based in Norwich all his life, earning a major part of his living as a drawing master; he made regular trips to London and visited other parts of the country, but his only journey abroad was to Paris in 1814 to see the exhibition of pictures looted by Napoleon. Read more Of humble origin, he was first apprenticed to a coach- and sign-painter and taught himself principally by copying works in the collection of Thomas Harvey, a local collector and amateur painter who befriended him. The Dutch painters Ruisdael and Hobbema were particularly influential on him and he also admired Gainsborough and Wilson, but his work was based as much on direct observation of nature as on study of the Old Masters. His favourite subjects included heathland, woods, and tranquil stretches of river, and his style was fresh, clear, and unaffected. In addition to his paintings he made 34 etchings, which were posthumously published by his widow and his eldest son John Bernay Crome (1794–1842). The elder Crome is sometimes referred to as ‘Old Crome’ to distinguish him from his son, who painted in his manner but with less distinction. Text Source: The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford University Press) Share this page	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,631	Which Northumberland heroine was the daughter of the keeper of the Longstone lighthouse?	LITTLEDART Littledart Lighthouse Model Longstone England Warning: getimagesize(lighthouses/Lighthouse Images/Longstone-2.jpg): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in main on line 78 Error opening lightbox image lighthouses/Lighthouse Images/Longstone-2.jpg Littledart Lighthouse Model Longstone England Ref: NE55380136 Longstone Lighthouse Position 55° 38'.63 N 01° 36'.58 W The Longstone Lighthouse, or Outer Farne as it was first called, is situated on Longstone Rock, one of the Outer Staple Islands. A light was requested for these islands by Sir John Clayton in the late 17th century and by Captain J. Blackett in 1755. Unfortunately both were rejected as the Elder Brethren of Trinity House were unable to obtain the consent of the affected parties to pay a toll for the maintenance of the light. However, in 1826 it was found essential for the welfare of shipping off the Northumberland coast to construct a lighthouse in the Farne Group on the Longstone Rock, which lies about 6 miles from the mainland on the westernmost side of the reef. Vegetation was very scanty being predominantly matgrass. The Lighthouse, designed and built by Joseph Nelson is a red and white circular tower built of rough stone with iron railings around the lantern gallery. The light originally came from the Argand lamps with 12 burners, parabolic reflectors 21 inches in diameter and 9 inches deep and a catadioptric optical apparatus. The cost of the Lighthouse and the dwellings was approximately £4,771, the lantern alone costing £1,441. The island was a bleak situation to endure and the isolation must have been terrible, often storms were so bad as to drive the family into the upper rooms of the tower to seek refuge, the waves being so enormous that they covered the living quarters. Longstone Lighthouse is most famous as the scene of the Forfarshire wreck and the exploits of Grace Darling, a daughter of the keeper in charge. In September 1838 the steamer Forfarshire, bound from Hull to Dundee, went aground on Hawkers Rocks, about a mile from the Lighthouse, when 43 people were drowned; the stern portion of the vessel being split off and carried away in the storm. The forepart, to which clung the survivors, remained fast on the rocks. At daybreak William Darling, the keeper, and the fishermen ashore saw the wreck, but the waves were beating against the rocks so much that the fishermen thought it impossible to attempt a rescue and even Darling hesitated. He was finally persuaded to make the attempt by his daughter, with her as the second hand in the small lighthouse boat. On reaching the wreck after a terrific struggle they brought back 4 men and 1 woman in their frail open boat and later a further four survivors; all 9 had to be accommodated and fed at the lighthouse for 2 days until the storm abated and they could be taken to the mainland. This gallant action made Grace Darling and her father famous. The Royal Human Society voted them its gold medal, the Government made them a grant and a public subscription was organised. Major alterations were made to the Lighthouse in 1952 and the light was converted to electricity. Longstone Lighthouse was converted to automatic operation in September 1990 and is now monitored from the Trinity House Operations Control Centre at Harwich. Specifications Height Of Tower 26 Metres Height Of Light Above Mean High Water 23 Metres Automated 1990	Sea kayaking - The Farne Islands. Introduction The Farne Islands consist of between 15 and 28 islands, depending upon the state of the tide. They are made of whin sill, an igneous rock, and are wedge shaped with cliffs at the south west running down into the sea at the north east. The islands are famous for the huge numbers of breeding birds nesting during April to July, and also for their large colony of Grey seals. Also famous for St. Cuthbert, who lived on Inner Farne as a hermit between 676 and 684AD, and for Grace Darling, the daughter of the lighthouse keeper who with her father took part in a brave rescue during a shipwreck on Longstone. Beautiful scenery, cliffs, sea stacks, fast tidal streams and overfalls, Bamburgh castle and a surfeit of birds and seals combine to make this a superb trip with something for everyone. back to the top of this list Description Inner Farne lies about 2 km off the mainland, and is really made up of three rocky islands, Inner Farne, Knoxes Reef and the Wideopens all surrounding a sheltered water called the Kettle. Tides can run quite strongly between and around these islands. They are made of whin sill and have high cliffs at the south west running down into the sea at the north east. The cliffs are towers, stacks and little narrow gullies. Inner Farne is famous for St Cuthbert who lived as a hermit on the island from 676 till 684 and returned to die in 687. The lighthouse dates from 1809 and was preceded by Prior Castell's tower, built in 1370, which had a warning beacon lit on it's roof in bad weather. The small chapel dates from the same time. The island is famous for it's Arctic and Common terns nesting here from May to the end of July. Notorious for dive bombing visitors. Nesting on the rock cliffs are shags, fulmars, guillemots, razorbills and kittiwakes. In the meadows on the island are puffins and eider ducks. Megstone is a low lying island about 1.5 km north west of Inner Farne. It is almost two islands riven down the centre by a very narrow inlet. It is well worth a visit as usually many seals are found here avoiding the incessant trip boats who rarely visit this island. 1.5 km across Staple Sound lie Staple and Brownsman Islands. The south east corner of Staple has some fine Stacks and cliffs and the whole shoreline is craggy and rocky. Landing is only allowed at one place and is extremely difficult especially with trip boats arriving all the time in spring and summer. Kittiwakes, guillemots, razorbills, shags and fulmars nest on the cliffs while eiders and puffins nest on the top. There is a nature trail laid out around the island and wardens try to keep the tourists under control. Both Staple and Brownstone have the ruined towers of ancient lighthouses. The low craggy Wamses and Harcar group of islands between Brownstone and Longstone are great areas to wander and play in the fast tidal streams flowing between them. Low lying rocky Longstone, topped with it's distinctive lighthouse always makes a good spot for lunch and stretching the legs. The island is famous for Grace Darling who in September 1838 assisted her father to row from the lighthouse to Little Harcar to rescue 15 men when the S. S. Forfarshire was wrecked in a northerly storm. Full details can be found at the museum in Bamburgh. Knivestone the outermost island is very low lying and often the sea conditions can be quite interesting, a great place for 5 star training but also on a calm day a lovely spot to watch seals. Finally the Callers and Crumstone, low rocky skerries 1 km east of Staple Island. Access There are four main launch sites for trips out to the Farnes, depending upon weather or tidal constraints. Nacker Hole at Beadnell (235290); Go through Beadnell village and park just before the road turns right to the car park. A sheltered beach with a short carry. Best high to mid dropping tide. St Aidans beach, Seahouses (200326); across the tide, short carry through dunes. Old Coast Guard station (297342); across the tide, longer carry through dunes. Harkness Rocks, Bamburgh (178356); best on a rising tid	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,632	What is the study of using the bumps on one's head to deduce character and intelligence called	Phrenology and the Grand Delusion of Experience - CSI Skeptic Authors Steven Salzberg and Joe Nickell to Receive Balles Prize in Critical Thinking June 14, 2013 Forbes columnist Steven Salzberg and author-investigator Joe Nickell will each be awarded the 2012 Robert P. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking, to be presented by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry at the CFI Summit in October. Phrenology and the Grand Delusion of Experience In the nineteenth century, phrenology was hugely influential despite being totally invalid. Its history shows why we must be skeptical of any belief based solely on experience. Phrenology. The science of picking the pocket through the scalp. — Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary, 1911 Today, phrenology (“head reading”) is usually seen as the fossilized stuff of cranks and charlatans. But in the nineteenth century it had a huge influence at all levels of Western society, more than all of its later competitors (such as psychoanalysis) put together. It was influential because of its attractive philosophy and because practitioners and clients saw that it worked. But we now know that it could not possibly work; personal experience had led millions of people astray. Indeed, few beliefs can match phrenology for its extent of influence and certainty of invalidity. So it has valuable lessons about any experience-based belief. Phrenology’s Influence In the nineteenth century, phrenology affected all levels of Western life and thought. In Britain, Europe, and America, its influence was felt in anthropology, criminology, education, medicine, psychiatry, art, and literature. In France, it eroded established power and led to wide social changes. In Australia, it rationalized the violence against Aborigines and explained the criminality of convicts. For ordinary people everywhere a head reading was often required for employment or marriage.1 But how could this happen if phrenology was totally invalid? For answers, we need to start at the beginning. First Steps to Delusion Around 1790, the German-born anatomist Franz Joseph Gall, one of the founders of modern neurology, put together his skull doctrine that later led to phrenology. He held that behavior such as painting or being careful had their own specialized organs in the brain, and that they influenced the shape of the skull. So the skull’s bumps would indicate behavior and abilities that were innate. Gall spent eleven years examining hundreds of heads to test his ideas: “If ... he observed any mechanician, musician, sculptor, draughtsman, mathematician, endowed with such or such faculty from birth, he examined their heads to see whether he might point out a particular development of some cerebral part.... He also called together in his house common people, as coachmen and poor boys, and excited them to make him acquainted with their characters” (Spurzheim 1815, 271). Gall’s seemingly logical approach had two fatal defects. First, his claims were often based on a single striking case, for example “Cautiousness” was placed above the ears because an extremely cautious priest had a large bump there. Second, Gall looked only for confirming cases and ignored disconfirming cases, a flaw not lost on his critics. Thus David Skae (1847), a physician at the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, noted that once the truth is “fixed upon our minds,” looking for confirmation is “the most perfect recipe for making a phrenologist that could well be devised.” But to Gall and the thousands of phrenologists who came later, personal experience mattered more than procedural defects. Phrenology had taken its first giant step on the road to delusion.2 Note that the delusion of experience is not limited to artifacts of reasoning such as the Barnum effect. How to read heads. For each “brain organ” (whose number and location depends on which book you read) you guess its development (no yardsticks here) and thus its meaning (based on speculation), which you juggle (more speculation) against all the other speculative meanings	Round One Jeopardy Template The name of Dr. Sieuss's egg-hatching elephant 100 Well-known Tasmanian-born leading lady who launched her entertainment career under the name of Queenie O'Brien. 100 What is the kitchen? Room in the average American home that is the scene of the greatest number of arguments. 100 The distance between bases on a little league baseball field. 100 The part of the brain that regulates physiological stability. 200 Clark Kent's high school sweetheart 200 Yves Montand was born in this country. 200 What is Truth or Consequences? Current name of the town that was formerly Hot Springs, New Mexico, that was re-named in 1960 by its citizens in honor of a popular radio show. 200 First sport in which women were invited to compete at the Olympics. 200 What is Les Miserables, by Victor Hugo, with 823 words Novel containing the longest sentence in literature 300 What are George and Michael? Brummel was George Geste was Michael The real names of Beau Brummel and Beau Geste. 300 What are Patience and Fortitude? (Names were given by Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia.) Names of the two landmark stone lions sitting in front of the New York Public Libaray at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street in New York City. 300 What is bicycle moto x (cross)? In cross-country bike racing, what the initials BMX stand for. 300 What are hiccups? DOUBLE JEOPARDY!!! Term for a series of uncontrollable intakes of air caused by sudden spasms of the diaphragm. 400 What is The Little Engine That Could? Famous book that begins: "Chug, chug, chug. Puff, puff, puff." 400 Who is Peter Lorre? Famous actor who prepared for a career in psychiatry - studying and working with pioneer psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler - before he turned to performing. 400 What are six months? Time - in months - the average American motorist spends during his lifetime waiting for red lights to turn green. 400 Who is Jackie Robinson? (He later gained national fame playing professional baseball.) In 1939, the famous American athlete who starred on UCLA's undefeated football team and was the top scorer in the Pacific Coast Conference for basketball. 400 What is the retina?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,633	Which traditional pudding was named after the wife of George III, she was the patron of the growers of its main ingredient?	Culinary Dictionary - C, Whats Cooking America Culinary Dictionary Linda’s Culinary Dictionary – C A Dictionary of Cooking, Food, and Beverage Terms An outstanding and large culinary dictionary and glossary that includes the definitions and history of cooking, food, and beverage terms. Please click on a letter below to alphabetically search the many food and cooking terms: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U-Y Z cabbage – There are over 70 varieties of cabbage. Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, collards, kale, turnips, and many more are all a member of the cabbage family. These plants are all known botanically as members of the species Brassica oleracea, and they native to the Mediterranean region of Europe History: According to horticultural historians, barbarians were eating the juicy, slightly bulbous leaves of wild cabbage in Asia long before the dawn of recorded history. The Greeks revered the cabbage for its many medicinal properties. Cato, an ancient Roman statesman, circa 200 BCE, advised people to eat plenty of raw cabbage seasoned with vinegar before a banquet at which one plans to “drink deep.” Even the ancient Egyptians advised starting the meal with raw cabbage, including cabbage seeds, to keep one sober. It is an historical fact that the laborers who built the Great Wall in China were fed sauerkraut to prevent scurvy and other debilitating diseases that come from eating only rice. Europeans were devouring stewed cabbage during the cold winter months because it was one of the few staples available when the ground produced little else. cabernet sauvignon (cab-air-nay so-veen-yawn) – One of the finest of red wines. It is associated with the Bordeaux region in France but the grapes are now grown worldwide. caciocavallo cheese (kah-choh-kuh-VAH-loh) – This cheese is said to date back to the 14th century, and believed by some to have originally been made from mare’s milk. Today, Caciocavallo cheese is made from cow’s milk, though its cryptic name literally means “horse cheese” – the Sicilian word “cacio” sharing the same root as casein while “cavallo” means horse. (There’s a theory that the cheese owes its name to the manner in which two bulbs were attached by a string and suspended from a beam “a cavallo” as though astride a horse.) It takes at least eight months to age Caciocavallo cheese properly, achieving a sharper flavor in about two years. Caciocavallo is a good complement to stronger wines, and widely used for grating over pasta. It is a favorite of Sicilian chefs for use with pasta. It Is usually shaped as a large wheel. “Caciovacchino” was a similar product made in times past. Caesar Salad (SEE-zer) – The salad consists of greens (classically romaine lettuce) with a garlic vinaigrette dressing. The Caesar salad was once voted by the International Society of Epicures in Paris as the “greatest recipe to originate from the Americas in fifty years.” History: For a detailed history of the Caesar Salad, check out History of Salads and Salad Dressings cafe noir – French for black coffee (coffee without cream or milk). caffe (kah-FEH) – It is the Italian term for “coffee.” In Italy, the term caffe usually refers to a small cup of espresso coffee. Cajun cuisine (KAY-juhn kwee-ZEEN) – Cajun food is essentially the poor cousin to Creole. Today it tends to be spicier and more robust than Creole, utilizing regionally available resources and less of the foods gained through trade. Some popular Cajun dishes include pork based sausages such as andouille and boudin; various jambalayas and gumbos; coush-coush (a creamed corn dish) and etouffee. The true art of Louisiana seasonings is in the unique blend of herbs and spices that serve to enhance the flavor of vegetables, seafood, meats, poultry and wild game, along with a “Cajun” cook that knows how to blend these spices. History: Learn about the history and recipes of Cajun Cuisine. cake – Cakes are ma	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,634	Which US state has nicknames including 'The Cyclone State', 'The Land Of The Rolling Prairies' and 'The Hawkeye State'?	The State Nicknames Part 5 - Orlando / Florida Guide The State Nicknames Part 5 - Orlando / Florida Guide Search Tweet Never having visited the States before, on our first trip to Florida we were fascinated to see that all the cars had license plates which showed their state of origin. Of course, Florida is a magnet to holidaymakers from all over the USA so on our first visit we pretty soon managed to see numerous different plates, and so started our obsession. We have continued to look for the few plates that we have not seen – and now we only have a couple to go. They are interesting in the pictures they show as well as the state nicknames they display. Take a look yourself and see for yourselves how many different plates you can find. Here are the nicknames of Indiana, Iowa, and Kansas. Indiana Way back in the 1830’s the ‘Hoosier State’ came into general usage. There are many explanations for this nickname, but most are quite illogical, so there is no real answer, although it has been suggested that Hoosier may have been used contemptuously to refer to the people of Indiana. It was once called the ‘Crossroads of America, ’ and the ‘Hospitality State. ’ Iowa Often called the ‘Hawkeye State, ’ this nickname is said to have come from the scout, Hawkeye, in the book Last of the Mohicans, written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1826. It is also called the ‘Corn State, ’ and of course this pays tribute to its vast corn crop, as it is one of the leading producer of corn in the USA. Sometiimes referred to as the ‘Land of the Rolling Prairie, ’ Iowa has vast rolling prairies that covered the state. Iowa has warm summers and this combined with wet springs make it the ideal climate for the growing of corn and soyabeans. Kansas Nicknamed the ‘Sunflower State, ’ Kansas has numerous nicknames. With its vast plains and prairies Kansas is the breadbasket of the country, growing more wheat than any other state. Dodge City became home to the largest cattle market in the world, and today cattle, corn, wheat and soyabeans are the basis of its agricultural economy. Sunflowers grow in profusion across the state, and the sunflower is the official state flower, so it is hardly surprising that Kansas took the nickname of this flower for its licence plates. Kansas has also been known as the ‘Wheat State’ which, of course, refers to it being the number one state for wheat produced and wheat flour milled in 2000. With the geographical centre of the United States being in Kansas in the town of Lebanon, it is not surprising that it is also called ‘Midway, USA. ’ It has also been called ‘The Central State. ’ However, one of its most descriptive nicknames is the ‘Cyclone State’ due to it having weather conditions which are conducive to tornadoes or cyclones, and Kansas certainly does get its fair share of ‘twisters. ’ It also suffered at the hands of another natural disaster when swarms of grasshoppers (Rocky Mountain Locusts) swept into Kansas in 1874 denuding the lush landscapes, so its nickname ‘The Grasshopper State’ is pretty self-explanatory. A more pleasant nickname is ‘Garden of the West’ which refers to its beautiful landscapes and fertile soil. ‘The Squatter State’ is a fascinating reference to the new settlers who flocked into Kansas to establish claims to the land. These early squatters were from the slave states of Missouri, and an extraordinary number of people from Missouri staked a claim in this new territory. Sadly, Kansas experienced some turbulent years leading up to the civil war, when it became known as ‘Bleeding Kansas’ because of the violent conflicts between anti-slavery and pro-slavery factions. Its modern-day nickname of the ‘Sunflower State’ is certainly a happier title. We aim to provide accurate and useful information, but if you feel anything provided here is not accurate or out of date, please email us with the address of the page concerned and any comments so we can amend as necessary. Page added on: 11 October 2010 Viewed 1553 times since 11 October 2010. There are no photos available for this article at the moment. Vill	The Only State... Quiz Extra Trivia ...whose current State Capitol building predates the revolution? The Maryland State House, built in 1772, has a unique wooden dome which was constructed without nails. ...to produce two US Presidents whose sons also became Presidents? Coincidentally, both sons shared their Father's names--John Quincy Adams and George Walker Bush. ...to host a Confederate President's inauguration? Jefferson Davis took his oath of office at the Alabama State Capitol building in 1861. ...whose official state seal is not circular? Connecticut's seal, depicting three grapevines and the state motto, is oval-shaped. ...to have two Federal Reserve Banks? The Federal bank in Kansas City covers the Great Plains region, while the bank in St. Louis covers part of the Central US. ...in which the Northern half is in a different time zone than the Southern half? Northern Idaho is on Pacific Time, while Southern Idaho is on Mountain Time. ...to have multiple native sons immortalized atop Mount Rushmore? George Washington and Thomas Jefferson were both born in Virginia, as were six other Presidents. ...that has 'parishes' instead of counties? Louisiana's unique use of the word 'parish' is a holdover from its days as a French Colony. ...with a community-owned major league professional sports team? The NFL's Green Bay Packers are owned by a large group of stockholders mostly residing in Wisconsin. ...whose median age is under 30 years old? The Mormon Church's encouragement of large families may explain why Utah's median age is only 28.8 years. ...to lie entirely above 1,000 meters elevation? Colorado's lowest point, at the border with Kansas, is higher than Pennsylvania's tallest summit. ...where prostitution is legal? However, not all counties have legalized it--including the counties Las Vegas and Reno are in. ...with a state capital of over a million people? The next biggest state capital, Indianapolis, has half a million fewer citizens. ...to be named after an American? Perhaps only George Washington had the gravitas to merit such an honor; a state of Franklin was attempted but failed to be approved. ...whose three largest cities begin with the same letter? The largest city in Ohio is Columbus, followed by Cleveland and then Cincinnati. ...to host three modern Olympic Games? Besides the two Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. ...never to cast an electoral vote for Ronald Reagan? Minnesota was the only state to spurn the GOP in 1984, remaining loyal to Minnesotan Walter Mondale. ...whose name has no letters in common with that of its capital? This may not be the most interesting 'Only' stat about South Dakota, but it's the only one I could find... ...to border the Canadian province of New Brunswick? Maine has one border with New Hampshire, but is otherwise surrounded by Canadian provinces. ...with a modern city founded by European colonists prior to 1600? St. Augustine, founded in 1565, was originally the capital of Spanish Florida. ...to have a Unicameral Legislature? Nebraska's legislature, nicknamed 'The Unicameral' by residents, is also uniquely unaffiliated with any political party. ...whose legal right to statehood was brought before the Supreme Court? Virginia v. West Virginia, in which Virgina strove to regain counties that had seceded during the Civil War, was decided in favor of the Defendant. ...to have territory in the Eastern Hemisphere? This means that Alaska is technically the northernmost, westernmost, and easternmost State. ...to have a state-owned bank? The Bank of North Dakota was founded in 1919, and receives funds from state agencies. ...whose official State Motto is in Spanish? Montana's state motto is 'Oro y Plata,' or 'Gold and Silver,' in tribute to the state's mining industry. Exceptional Quality ...to border more than two Great Lakes? In fact, Michigan borders four Great Lakes--all except for Lake Ontario. ...with an automobile on its commemorative State Quarter? The auto, an 'Indycar,' is a reference to the famed Indianapolis Motor Spe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,635	Who made his ‘I Am Prepared to Die’ speech in 1964 at the opening of the Rivonia Trial in South Africa?	"I Am Prepared to Die" (Nelson Mandela's Statement at the Rivonia Trial in 1964) "I Am Prepared To Die" Nelson Mandela during his 1964 trial Nelson Mandela's statement at the opening of the defense case in the Rivonia Trial (Pretoria Supreme Court, April 20, 1964) I am the First Accused. I hold a Bachelor's Degree in Arts and practised as an attorney in Johannesburg for a number of years in partnership with Oliver Tambo. I am a convicted prisoner serving five years for leaving the country without a permit and for inciting people to go on strike at the end of May 1961. At the outset, I want to say that the suggestion made by the State in its opening that the struggle in South Africa is under the influence of foreigners or communists is wholly incorrect. I have done whatever I did, both as an individual and as a leader of my people, because of my experience in South Africa and my own proudly felt African background, and not because of what any outsider might have said. In my youth in the Transkei I listened to the elders of my tribe telling stories of the old days. Amongst the tales they related to me were those of wars fought by our ancestors in defence of the fatherland. The names of Dingane and Bambata, Hintsa and Makana, Squngthi and Dalasile, Moshoeshoe and Sekhukhuni, were praised as the glory of the entire African nation. I hoped then that life might offer me the opportunity to serve my people and make my own humble contribution to their freedom struggle. This is what has motivated me in all that I have done in relation to the charges made against me in this case. Having said this, I must deal immediately and at some length with the question of violence. Some of the things so far told to the Court are true and some are untrue. I do not, however, deny that I planned sabotage. I did not plan it in a spirit of recklessness, nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of my people by the Whites. I admit immediately that I was one of the persons who helped to form Umkhonto we Sizwe, and that I played a prominent role in its affairs until I was arrested in August 1962. In the statement which I am about to make I shall correct certain false impressions which have been created by State witnesses. Amongst other things, I will demonstrate that certain of the acts referred to in the evidence were not and could not have been committed by Umkhonto. I will also deal with the relationship between the African National Congress and Umkhonto, and with the part which I personally have played in the affairs of both organizations. I shall deal also with the part played by the Communist Party. In order to explain these matters properly, I will have to explain what Umkhonto set out to achieve; what methods it prescribed for the achievement of these objects, and why these methods were chosen. I will also have to explain how I became involved in the activities of these organizations. I deny that Umkhonto was responsible for a number of acts which clearly fell outside the policy of the organisation, and which have been charged in the indictment against us. I do not know what justification there was for these acts, but to demonstrate that they could not have been authorized by Umkhonto, I want to refer briefly to the roots and policy of the organization. I have already mentioned that I was one of the persons who helped to form Umkhonto. I, and the others who started the organization, did so for two reasons. Firstly, we believed that as a result of Government policy, violence by the African people had become inevitable, and that unless responsible leadership was given to canalize and control the feelings of our people, there would be outbreaks of terrorism which would produce an intensity of bitterness and hostility between the various races of this country which is not produced even by war. Secondly, we felt that without violence there would be no way open to the African people to succeed in	Mercenary Simon Mann's family 'delighted' over pardon \| The Independent Mercenary Simon Mann's family 'delighted' over pardon Tuesday 3 November 2009 13:24 BST Click to follow The Independent Online The family of former British soldier Simon Mann spoke today of their delight after he was granted a full pardon for his part in a failed coup plot in Equatorial Guinea. Mann, 57, was sentenced to a 34-year jail term after admitting conspiring to oust President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, leader of the tiny West African country. A statement released by the Mann family read: "The family is absolutely delighted that Simon has been pardoned and is to be released shortly." The statement continued: "Everyone is profoundly grateful to the President and the Government of Equatorial Guinea. "The whole family is overjoyed at the prospect of finally welcoming Simon home after five-and-a-half long years away." Mann was granted the full pardon on humanitarian grounds, a statement on the website of Equatorial Guinea's Information Ministry said. The mercenary has been held in the country's notorious Black Beach prison and is expected to be released later today. He will then be free to return to the UK. A family spokesman said Mann was due to arrive home "in the next few days". A Foreign Office spokeswoman said: "We have been informed of the imminent release of Simon Mann. "We understand this was a personal decision by the President of Equatorial Guinea on humanitarian grounds." Mann was sentenced in July last year following a high-profile trial. The former SAS officer was accused of masterminding an operation to oust President Obiang. The old Etonian was originally arrested with around 70 other people, mostly former soldiers, when their aircraft arrived at an airport in the Zimbabwean capital, Harare, in March 2004. The plan was to put opposition leader Severo Moto, who is exiled in Madrid, in power and gain control over the country's oil wealth. At first Mann denied that the group had come to collect weapons for a coup. His lawyers claimed they were on their way to the Democratic Republic of Congo to help secure diamond mines. He was jailed for seven years in Zimbabwe for conspiring to buy weapons of war. Mann said he suffered a violent abduction in February from Chikrubi prison in Zimbabwe to Equatorial Guinea. He has always insisted that he was not the main man behind the plot. Equatorial Guinea held its first trial into the alleged plot in August 2004. South African arms dealer Nick Du Toit was sentenced to 34 years in prison as a result of the case. Sir Mark Thatcher, the son of former prime minister Baroness Thatcher, was given a suspended sentence in South Africa in relation to the funding of Mann's operation, though he has always denied any knowledge that a coup was being plotted. During his trial Mann told the court the ex-prime minister's son was "part of the management team" behind the failed plot and "not just an investor". Four other men - Mr du Toit, Sergio Cardoso, Jose Domingos and George Alerson were also granted pardons for their part in the plot. Supreme Court Chief Justice Obono Olo, who was the attorney general who prosecuted the coup plotters, said Mann and his accomplices would be freed at some point today. He denied rumours that Mann was unwell, telling the Associated Press that he was "fine, fit." The country is Africa's third biggest oil producer but many of its people remain poor. It is also considered to be among the continent's worst violators of human rights. More about:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,636	Pruritus is the medical name for which skin condition in humans?	Pruritus (Itching) Causes and Treatments The elderly How Is Pruritus Treated? Finding the cause of the itching and treating any underlying skin disease is the first step in solving pruritus. If a drug reaction is suspected, switching to a different medication may be helpful to reduce the itching. However, most drug reactions have a rash along with itching. The best way to prevent pruritus is to take care of your skin. To protect skin: Use skin creams and lotions that moisturize your skin and prevent dryness. Use sunscreens regularly to prevent sunburns and skin damage. Use mild bath soap that won't irritate your skin. Take a bath or shower in warm -- not hot -- water. Avoid certain fabrics, such as wool and synthetics, that can make skin itch. Switch to cotton clothing and bed sheets. Since warm, dry air can make skin dry, keep the thermostat in your house down and use a humidifier. To relieve itching, place a cool washcloth or some ice over the area that itches, rather than scratching. Your doctor may also prescribe medication to treat pruritus, including antihistamines and topical steroids. Rarely, steroid pills and antibiotics may also be needed. WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Debra Jaliman, MD on June 11, 2015 Sources	Free Flashcards about chapter19 An Increase in the whole or any of its parts physically. Growth A pathological condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, usually under increased pressure, within the cranial vault and subsequent dilation of the ventricles. Hydrocephalus The measurement of the distance from the crown of the infant's head to the infant's heel, while the infant is lying on the back with legs extended. length (recumbent) The introduction of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar portion of the spinal canal to obtain specimens of cerebrospinal fluid. lumbar puncture A congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body and by under development of the brain, resulting in some degree of mental retardation, microcephalus The medical specialty concerned with the diseases and abnormalities of the newborn infant. neonatology An inflammation of the umbilical stump, marked by redness, swelling,and purulent exudate in severe cases. Omphalitis The mean body temperature of a normal person as recorded by a clinical thermometer placed in the mouth. Oral Temperature A registered nurse with advanced study and clinical practice in pediatric nursing. pediatric nursing practitioner Baby Teeth: The first set of teeth. Primary teeth The body temperature as measured electronically at the tympanic membrane Tympanic temperature The top of the head;crown vertex A viral disease of sudden onset with slight fever, successive eruptions of macules, papules,and vesicles on the skin-followed by crusting over of the lesions with a granular scab. Itching may be severe. Chickenpox (Varicella) A viral disease characterized by a face that appears as "Slapped cheeks" a fiery red rash on the cheeks. Erythema infectiosum(fifth disease) A childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, sridor,and laryngeal spasm. croup A tightness of the foreskin of the penis of the male infant that prevents it from being pulled back. phimosis An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth. patent ductus arteriosus Telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine, causing an obstruction. intussusception A congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis instead of at the head. hypospadias An abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dilate. hydrocephalus An accumulation of fluidin any saclike cavity or duct, particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord. hydrocele Superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules. impetigo Disease that is characterized by the appearance of "slapped cheeks". erytherma infectiosum An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Patent ductus arterious The childhood disease commonly known as mumps. infectious parotitis Disease characterized by Koplik's spots. rubeola Childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, dyspnea,stridor, and laryngeal spasms. Croup Another phrase for respiratory distress syndrome of the premature infant. Hyaline membrane disease Strawberry tongue is characteristic of what? Roseola Medical term for crib death. sudden infant death syndrome The Viral disease characterized by a maculopapular rash that last about 24 hours. Roseola infantum A congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism Tay-Sachs disease An outward protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus region more commonly occuring in females than males. Umbilical hernia An enzyme deficiency that alters lipid metabolism TAY-SACHS DISEASE Early symtoms that mark onset of a disease prodromal Characteristic "slapped face" or a fiery red rash on the cheeks. Fifthdisease German measles, and three-day measles are also known as this. Rubella An acute, contagious disease characterized by a sore throat, strawberry tongue an abrupt high fever, and a point li	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,637	What is the title of the first feature film directed by Sam Mendes?	Sam Mendes - Biography - IMDb Sam Mendes Biography Showing all 72 items Jump to: Overview (4) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (1) \| Trade Mark (5) \| Trivia (38) \| Personal Quotes (21) \| Salary (2) Overview (4) 5' 9" (1.75 m) Mini Bio (1) Samuel Alexander Mendes was born on August 1, 1965 in Reading, England, UK to parents James Peter Mendes, a retired university lecturer, and Valerie Helene Mendes, an author who writes children's books. Their marriage didn't last long, James divorced Sam's mother in 1970 when Sam was just 5-years-old. Sam was educated at Cambridge University and joined the Chichester Festival Theatre following his graduation in 1987. Afterwards, he directed Judi Dench in "The Cherry Orchard", for which he won a Critics Circle Award for Best Newcomer. He then joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he directed such productions as "Troilus and Cressida" with Ralph Fiennes and "Richard III". In 1992, he became artistic director of the reopened Donmar Warehouse in London, where he directed such productions as "The Glass Menagerie" and the revival of the musical "Cabaret", which earned four Tony Awards including one for Best Revival of a Musical. He also directed "The Blue Room" starring Nicole Kidman . In 1999, he got the chance to direct his first feature film, American Beauty (1999). The movie earned 5 Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director for Mendes, which is a rare feat for a first-time film director. - IMDb Mini Biography By: TrendEkiD@aol.com Spouse (1) ( 24 May 2003 - 3 October 2010) (divorced) (1 child) Trade Mark (5) Often begins his films with a voice-over narration from the main character; at the end of the movie the character finishes his narration in very much the same way it began. Music scores from Thomas Newman Very slow pull in, especially on table scenes Films typically deal with a family unit, be it real or surrogate. In his films rain frequently marks the event of a death Trivia (38) Is a big cricket fan and is said to have incorporated the ideas of former England cricket captain Mike Brearly in his direction. Educated at Cambridge University in Cambridge, England, UK. He was awarded the C.B.E. (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2000 Queen's Birthday Honors List for his services to drama. Taught cricket (his passion) at Summer Fields School, Oxford, UK after leaving school for a year. Ranked #91 in Premiere's 2003 annual Power 100 List. Sam married English actress Kate Winslet in the West Indies in May 2003. Resides in both New York City and London, England. Son, Joe Alfie Winslet Mendes, was born on December 22, 2003, in New York, and weighed 7 pounds and 13 ounces. He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1996 (1995 season) for Best Director for both "Company" and "The Glass Menagerie" at the Donmar Warehouse. He was nominated for Best Director at the 1999 Laurence Olivier Theatre Awards for the 1998 production of "The Blue Room". He was nominated for a 1998 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Director of the 1997 season for "Othello" at the Royal National Theatre. He was awarded the 2003 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award: Special for his services and contributions as Artistic Director of the Donmar Warehouse for the past ten years. He was awarded the 2003 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Director of 2002 for "Twelfth Night" and "Uncle Vanya" in repertory company at the Donmar Warehouse in London. He was awarded the 2002 London Critics Circle Theatre Award (Drama) for Best Director for both "Uncle Vanya" and "Twelfth Night" performed at the Donmar Warehouse. He was awarded the 1995 London Critics Circle Theatre Award (Drama Theatre) for Best Director for "The Glass Menagerie". He was awarded the 1989 London Critics Circle Theatre Award (Drama Theatre Award) for Most Promising Newcomer as Director of Minerva Studio in Chichester, England. He was awarded the 2002 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Director for "Uncle Vanya" and "Twelfth Night" performed at the Donmar Warehouse. Has a home in Cotswolds, En	Next James Bond Movie Won't Be Directed by Sam Mendes Next James Bond Movie Won't Be Directed by Sam Mendes 439 Shares Brian Gallagher \| 8 months ago Ever since the release of the 24th James Bond movie Spectre, rumors have swirled about star Daniel Craig, regarding whether or not he will be back to star as 007 in James Bond 25 . A few days ago, we reported that Tom Hiddleston has entered early talks to replace Daniel Craig as James Bond, but his involvement has yet to be confirmed. Today we have word that Skyfall and Spectre director Sam Mendes will not be returning to the helm for James Bond 25. Associated Press caught up with the filmmaker, who confirmed that he will not be directing the new 007 movie. Eon Productions, which produces all of the Bond movies, has yet to confirm whether or not Daniel Craig will be back, but even if he does return, the actor will be directed by a new filmmaker. Here's what Sam Mendes had to say in his interview below. "It was an incredible adventure , I loved every second of it. But I think it's time for somebody else." As for the rumors of Daniel Craig leaving the franchise, the filmmaker wouldn't clarify who will be the next James Bond . The director would only say that producer Barbara Broccoli will decide who the next Bond is, stating "It's not a democracy." Tom Hiddleston has emerged as the favorite for the role, but others have expressed interest such as Jamie Bell and Idris Elba, who has become a fan-favorite for the role. Earlier this month, we reported that producers were eager to get Daniel Craig back in that iconic tuxedo to the tune of 68 million pound. Which almost equates to $100 million in the states. This news arrives just days after bookmakers called off all 007 bets, with Thor star Tom Hiddleston reportedly securing the role. Thus far, Craig is the highest paid actor to have ever played the role, netting 38 million pounds for the first four movies, which includes 2006's Casino Royale, 2008's Quantum of Solace, 2012's Skyfall and last year's Spectre. It also isn't clear who will distribute the new 007 movie. Sony Pictures' deal with MGM and Eon Productions ended after Spectre, and it's believed that Sony and Warner Bros. are in the running for a new distribution deal, but nothing is set in stone yet. As for Sam Mendes, it isn't ultimately clear which project he'll take on next, but he stated he wants to return to making stories with new characters. Stay tuned for more on James Bond 25 as more updates come in.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,638	Who played the chef Gareth Blackstock in the sitcom "Chef"?	Chef! (TV Series 1993–1996) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Famous chef Gareth Blackstock struggles with dividing time between wife Janice and the restaurant. It's a good thing he can let off steam with his remarks. Stars: Gareth prepares a lunch for renowned chef Albert Roux, but has trouble finding unpasteurized Stilton. 8.6 Gareth Blackstock, chef of Le Château Anglais, has to cut the kitchen budget. He refuses, forcing his wife Janice to think of a plan. 8.4 Janice wants to cut down on expenses and open the restaurant at Christmas. She arranges a blind test to find a cheaper turkey. 8.2 a list of 21 titles created 07 Jan 2011 a list of 30 titles created 15 Jul 2012 a list of 29 titles created 21 Mar 2014 a list of 41 titles created 4 months ago a list of 25 titles created 4 months ago Search for " Chef! " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Edit Storyline A comedy, conceived by Lenny Henry, playing the finest chef in England, possibly the world. Chef! is set in the kitchen of _Le Chateau Anglais_, the finest French restaurant in England. Gareth Blackstock, the aforementioned chef, embodies all the worst qualities of someone at the top of their profession... Written by Michael Masterson <mjm@wru.org> 28 January 1993 (UK) See more » Filming Locations: Janice Blackstock : And you're a man... Gareth : Janice, I can hardly deny that with you holding the evidence. A chef's quest for perfection leads to hilarity.... 27 March 2005 \| by macpro75 (USA) – See all my reviews Chef Gareth Blackstock cares about nothing so much as preparing the finest meals for the guests at his restaurant, often to the frustration of his beautiful, intelligent wife and long-suffering staff. Chef understands how difficult he can be in his never-ending quest to be the best. He describes himself as knowing nothing else: he has no hobbies, doesn't help out friends, or go out at night. In fact, he (loudly) describes himself as "a personality problem under a silly white hat." The humor is rapid-fire and intelligent, as Chef verbally eviscerates anyone who dares to come between him and a perfectly prepared plate of food. Lenny Henry is acerbic perfection as Chef Blackstock, exhibiting both broad humor and extremely dry, biting wit, and still remaining a sympathetic character. Highly recommended for Brit-com lovers and anyone who enjoys sly, rapier sharp, lightning fast wit! 7 of 10 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes	Gary Holton - Auf Wiedersehen Pet & The Geordies Auf Wiedersehen Pet & The Geordies Escape to Victory Gary Holton Gary Frederick Holton (22 September 1952 – 25 October 1985) was an English singer-songwriter, musician and actor from London. He was the frontman of the band Heavy Metal Kids, for whom he played lead vocals, guitar, rhythm guitar, keyboards and harmonica, and played the part of Wayne in the UK television comedy Auf Wiedersehen, Pet. Holton died from an overdose of morphine combined with alcohol in 1985. Acting Career Playing the part of Wayne Winston Norris in the smash hit comedy drama Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, Holton became a household name. People came to have great affection for all the characters in the show. Holton played a Cockney carpenter who liked his women, music and drink, which was actually very similar to his off-screen personality. He landed the part (the first of the seven to be cast), after he was introduced to Ian La Frenais at a party. La Frenais and his writing partner Dick Clement had been drafting storylines and working on an idea given to them by Franc Roddam, ex-foreign worker and director of Quadrophenia. The first series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet ran between 1983 and 1984 with viewing figures steadily rising and topping the 14 million mark, Ian la Frenais and Dick Clement and their supporting writers had a huge hit on their hands. The true-to-life storylines were believable, capturing the reality of honest working men screwed by the system. The first series ended with the lads returning to Britain unemployed, which was a reflection of British society in the early 1980s. The British public wanted more. In February 1985 filming began on Auf Wiedersehen Pet 2. The cast were no longer unknowns. Auf Wiedersehen Pet had turned Gary Holton and his colleagues all into stars in their own right and the pressure to come up with high quality material to match or even surpass the original was great. Gary became very close to his acting colleagues. The remaining members did not want to continue making the show, which was planned for a third series set in the Russian Embassy without him. The final episode of the second series, broadcast after Holton's death, was dedicated to his memory. The show was successfully revived in 2002 with the original writers and all of the surviving cast members. Gary, despite being dead for seventeen years, was not forgotten, and Wayne was still essential to the plot. The gap in the line-up left by Holton was filled by Wyman, Wayne's illegitimate son, played by Noel Clarke.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,639	Can you name the London theatre named after Queen Victoria's husband?	Theatres in Victorian London Theatres in Victorian London [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Music, Theatre, and Popular Entertainment —> Theatres ] Much of the following information has been gathered from Frederick and Lise-Lone Marker's in "A Guide to London Theatres, 1750-1880" in The Revels History of Drama in English, Vol. VI: 1750-1880 (1975). They, in turn, consulted H. Barton Baker's History of the London Stage (London, 1904), Allardyce Nicoll's A History of English Drama 1660-1900 (Cambridge, 1966), E. B. Watson's Sheridan to Robertson (Cambridge, Mass., 1926), and The London Stage (Carbondale, Ill., 1962-68). Phyllis Hartnoll's Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre offers more detailed information about many of these nineteenth-century theatres. Additional images and links added by George P. Landow . For supplementary texts, consult the "Reference List" below. Adelphi (Strand) Built in 1806 opposite Adam Street by merchant John Scott (who had made his fortune from a washing-blue) as the Sans Pareil to showcase his daughter's theatrical talents, the theatre was given a new facade and redecorated in 1814. It re-opened on 18 October 1819 as the Adelphi, named after the imposing complex of West London streets built by the brothers Robert (1728-92) and James (1730-94) Adam from 1768. The name "Adelphoi" in Greek simply means "the brothers." Among the celebrated actors who appeared on its stage was the comedian Charles Matthews (1776-1835), whose work was so admired by young Charles Dickens. It had more "tone" than the other minor theatres because its patrons in the main were the salaried clerks of barristers and solicitors. The Adelphi was also noted for melodramas ("Adelphi Screamers") and dramatic adaptations, for example, Pierce Egan's Tom and Jerry, or Life in London, adapted by dramatist T. W. Moncrieff. Its first notable manager was Frederick Yates (1825-42), and its longest-tenured manager Ben Webster (1847-71). The well-known Anglo- Irish dramatist and actor Dion Boucicault performed on its stage in 1860, 1861, 1875, and 1880, while his second wife, Agnes Robertson, appeared on the stage of the Adelphi in 1861, 1875, and 1893. Noted adaptor and Dickensian "pirate" Edward Stirling was acting manager in 1838, and stage director in 1839. The Adelphi has the distinction, according to the research of Philip Bolton, of being the first house to stage an adaptation a work by Charles Dickens , the piece being J. B. Buckstone's "The Christening," a comic burletta (farce) which opened on 13 October 1834, based on "The Bloomsbury Christening," which would eventually be published in the first volume of Sketches by Boz. Indeed, many of Dickens's early works were adapted for the stage of the Adelphi, including The Pickwick Papers as W. L. Rede's The Peregrinations of Pickwick; or, Boz-i-a-na, a three -act burletta first performed on 3 April 1837, Yates's production of Nicholas Nickleby; or, Doings at Do-The-Boys Hall in November-December 1838, and Edward Stirling's two-act burletta The Old Curiosity Shop; or, One Hour from Humphrey's Clock (November-December 1840, January 1841). In 1840, a fresh façade was added, and in 1844 it came under the management of Madame Céleste and comedian Ben Webster, with John Baldwin Buckstone (1802-79) as its principal dramatist. On 28 January 1844, the theatre's lessee, Gladstane, wrote to John M. Kemble, Examiner of Plays in the Lord Chamberlain's offices, for permission to play Edward Stirling's "official" adaptation of Dickens's A Christmas Carol; or, Past, Present, and Future, which opened 5 February. Here, too, on 19 December 1844 Lemon and à Beckett's "official" adaptation of Dickens's The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that rang an Old Year out and a New One In opened. In total, à Beckett staged six of his plays at the Adelphi between 1844 and 1853. Still manager in 1848, Ben Webster made application on 12 December to the Lord Chamberlain's office for the licensing of Mark Lemon's adaptation of Dickens's The Haunted Man, to op	Music at Torrey Pines High School - StudyBlue StudyBlue Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (Achille-)Claude Debussy The Carnival of the Animals (Charles-)Camille Saint-Saëns The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra (Edward) Benjamin Britten Mass in Time of War (Franz) Joseph Haydn Symphony No. 104 in D major, “London” (Franz) Joseph Haydn (Franz) Joseph Haydn (commonly attributed) Leopold Mozart (now believed) St. Paul Violin Concerto in E Minor (Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn(-Bartholdy) The Child and the Enchantments (Joseph-)Maurice Ravel Piano Concerto for the Left Hand (Joseph-)Maurice Ravel Pavane for a Dead Princess (Joseph-)Maurice Ravel (Louis-)Hector Berlioz & Léon de Wailly and Henri Auguste Barbier Ride of the Valkyries The Twilight of the Gods (Wilhelm) Richard Wagner The Ring of the Nibelung (Wilhelm) Richard Wagner Symphony for Organ and Orchestra Aaron Copland Fanfare for the Common Man Aaron Copland Take a Chance On Me ABBA And God created great whales Alan Hovhaness I Wonder What the King is Doing Tonight Alan Jay & Frederick Loewe Lerner Little Shop of Horrors In the Steppes of Central Asia Alexandr (Porfiryevich) Borodin I Don't Know How to Love Him Andrew Lloyd Webber Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Andrew Lloyd Webber The Phantom of the Opera Andrew Lloyd Webber Don't Cry for Me, Argentina Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) Tim Rice (lyrics) Te Deum Symphony No. 9, “From the New World” Antonín (Leopold) Dvorák The Contest Between Harmony and Invention Antonio Vivaldi Three Little Maids from School Arthur Sullivan (music) Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Savoy operas Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Princess Ida Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Iolanthe Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Patience Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Trial by Jury Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) HMS Pinafore Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) The Mikado Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) The Pirates of Penzance Arthur Sullivan (music) W(illiam) S(chwenk) Gilbert (lyrics) Tabula Rasa Music for Strings, Percussion, and Celesta Béla (Viktor János) Bartók Bjorn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson & Tim Rice (lyrics) In the Zone Funeral March of a Marionette Charles Gounod Central Park in the Dark Charles Ives Piano Sonata No. 2, “Concord, Mass., 1840-1860” Charles Ives Three Places in New England Charles Ives Charles Strouse (music) Martin Charnin (lyrics) Voice of an Angel Claude-Michel Schönberg (music) Alain Boublil (French lyrics) and Richard Maltby Jr. (English lyrics) Les Misérables Claude-Michel Schönberg (music) Alain Boublil (lyrics) The Return of Ulysses A Rush of Blood to the Head Coldplay I Get a Kick out of You Cole (Albert) Porter Cole (Albert) Porter (music and lyrics) Kiss Me Kate Cole (Albert) Porter (music and lyrics) Bella and Sam Spewack (libretto) The Creation of the World Darius Milhaud Blue Rondo A La Turk Dave Brubeck Dave Brubeck & Paul Desmond (words) Everyday Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich Symphony No. 13, “Babi Yar” Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich Duncan Sheik (music) Steven Sater (book and lyrics) Undine Piano Concerto in A Minor Edvard (Hagerup) Grieg In the Hall of the Mountain King Edvard (Hagerup) Grieg Land of Hope and Glory Edward (William) Elgar Elton John (music) Tim Rice (lyrics) Encore Three Pieces in the Shape of A Pear Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie From Under the Cork Tree Fall Out Boy The Dialogues of the Carmelites Francis Poulenc The Fair Maid of the Mill Franz (Peter) Schubert Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel Franz (Peter) Schubert On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring Frederick Delius Frederick Loewe & Alan Jay Lerner (lyrics/libretto) Camelot Frederick Loewe (music) Alan Jay Lerner (lyrics) Fauré Requiem The Daughter of the Regiment Gaetano Donizetti (music) V. de Saint-Georges and F. Bayard (libretto) Hair George Abbott, Jero	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,640	A rambutan is what type of foodstuff?	Rambutan \| 16 fruits you've probably never heard of \| MNN - Mother Nature Network 16 fruits you've probably never heard of By: Bryan Nelson on Feb. 23, 2016, 8:59 a.m. 3 of 18 Rambutan Native to the Malay Archipelago, the name of this fruit is derived from the Malay word meaning "hairy," and you can see why. But once the hairy exterior of the rambutan is peeled away, the tender, fleshy, delicious fruit is revealed. Its taste is described as sweet and sour, much like a grape. Though it has its origin in Southeast Asia, rambutan has been imported around the world, and now is commonly cultivated as close to home as Mexico and Hawaii. Rambutans are generally eaten raw but are sometimes stewed with sugar and cloves and eaten as a dessert, reports Purdue University . 11 food rules you should ignore Rambutan Native to the Malay Archipelago, the name of this fruit is derived from the Malay word meaning "hairy," and you can see why. But once the hairy exterior of the rambutan is peeled away, the tender, fleshy, delicious fruit is revealed. Its taste is described as sweet and sour, much like a grape. Though it has its origin in Southeast Asia, rambutan has been imported around the world, and now is commonly cultivated as close to home as Mexico and Hawaii. Rambutans are generally eaten raw but are sometimes stewed with sugar and cloves and eaten as a dessert, reports Purdue University . SPONSORED	World Jeopardy Jeopardy Template The national dish of Spain 100 It is the earth's largest continent? 100 This flag is red, white and blue and has fifty stars. 100 The Yankees and Mets play this type of sport. 100 Who is Lasse Hallstrom? What is the name of the Swedish director who directed Chocolat and My Life as a Dog? 200 I am the national dish of _________ and my name is Coucou. 200 The boundary between Mexico and Belize called this. 200 Green, Yellow, Blue, and White are the colors of this South American flag. 200 Zinedine Zidane The French football player who was known as the European footballer of the year in 1998 and was apart of the 1998 World Cup winning team? 200 What is Bengali? India's national anthem is written in what language that is also the national language of one of its neighbors? 300 I am the national dish of France, but i am eaten often in America. 300 lt's what divides the U.K. from Ireland. 300 White, Blue and Red are this country's colors' flag after the fall of Communism. 300 D) Fast speed skating Which of the "skating" is actually not a skating event ? A) Long track speedskating B) Short track speedskating C) speed skating D) Fast speed skating 300 Who is Calliope? This musical instrument takes its name from a muse who was used in riverboats and in circuses because of its loudness 400 What is grits? Popular in the South (of the United States), this food is made out of corn and usually served with breakfast. 400 The U.S.'s largest trading partner? 400 What are the colors of the South Sudan flag? Black, Yellow, Green, White, Red, and Blue 400 The Jets and Giants play this popular game? 400 Who is Lady Gaga? The Queen song "Radio Ga Ga" is said to be the main inspiration behind the name of this current day hit singer. 500 It is the name of the country that the Pizza Hut franchise began in. 500 The name of the country that is the most populous in the world? 500 It is a white flag with a red circle in the middle. 500 It is where the 2008 Olympics were held. 500 What is Baby it's Cold Outside? This 1944 pop standard by Frank Loesser has a man attempting to convince his date to stay with him because of the weather.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,641	Musician Richey Edwards, who went missing in February 1995, was the rhythm guitarist in which band?	Richey Edwards - YouTube Richey Edwards Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 28, 2014 Richard James Edwards (born 22 December 1967, disappeared c. 1 February 1995, officially presumed dead 23 November 2008) was a Welsh musician who was lyricist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. He was known for his politicised and intellectual songwriting which, combined with an enigmatic and eloquent character, has assured him cult status, and he is frequently cited as one of the best lyricist of all time. Edwards vanished on 1 February 1995. He was declared presumed deceased in November 2008. The ninth album by Manic Street Preachers, Journal for Plague Lovers, which was released on 18 May 2009, is composed entirely of lyrics left behind by Edwards. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video Category	Trying to find the real Lady Day: Those who try to tell Billie Holiday's story often discover an unknowable life -- by Robert Fulford Trying to find the real Lady Day: Those who try to tell Billie Holiday's story often discover an unknowable life by Robert Fulford ( The National Post , 17 May 2005) The sign on the bus, "Lady Day Orchestra," announced in 1950 that Billie Holiday had organized a big band to go on the road. Eighteen musicians left New York for a four-week tour of one-nighters, to end in New Orleans. They would play dances and Billie would sing. It sounded promising. But this was not a shrewd project. It was run by Billie's boyfriend-manager, John Levy, who acquired his business knowledge as a pimp. Promotion was handled by Dewey Shewey, a part-time burglar, new to the music business. He was wanted by the police, who arrested him during the tour. It turned out he hadn't done much promoting. Levy didn't know what to do. Lady Day's Orchestra was dying. Tempers flared. Billie broke a Coke bottle over Levy's head and he knifed her, both of them requiring hospital attention. The musicians were unpaid. Somewhere in the Carolinas the bus driver, also unpaid, walked off. Billie and Levy also disappeared. The musicians, all of them black, had to find their way home through the hostile, segregated South. Those who knew Billie's history were not astonished. Her professional life was a series of calamities, as Julia Blackburn, a British novelist who has also written books about Napoleon and Goya, demonstrates in the latest Holiday biography, With Billie (Random House). Blackburn leans on research prepared in the 1970s by a writer named Linda Kuehl. Planning a book about Billie, Kuehl interviewed everyone from the woman trombonist on that southern tour to a nun at the Home of the Good Shepherd, the Baltimore reform school where the 10-year-old Billie was incarcerated for truancy. Kuehl tried to write a biography but failed; she committed suicide in 1979. Donald Clarke used some of her interviews in his account of Billie's life, Wishing on the Moon, in 1994. Blackburn makes them the core of her book. There will never be an authoritative Life of Billie Holiday. The documents don't exist, and the witnesses have often lied, many of them because they were crooks. Even honest witnesses have faulty memories, inflected by narcotics; Billie herself would tell the same story several ways. So Blackburn acknowledges that the anecdotes are often contradictory, calls her book an oral history and tries to catch her subject in a web of interviews. She provides a cheerless glimpse at black show business, a place that was exciting and illuminating for those who took pleasure in its music yet perilous and frantic for those, like Billie, who lived within it. Billie was a teenage prostitute who began singing because she felt like it and kept at it because a few night clubs paid her a little money. An untrained amateur, she turned out to be much better than any of the professionals. She impressed the world's toughest critics, the jazz musicians of New York -- among them Benny Goodman, Count Basie and Lester Young. Today most vocalists of the 1930s are all but entirely forgotten, but we still admire records she made more than 70 years ago. Blackburn has no idea how this happened. Her knowledge of narcotics law far exceeds her knowledge of jazz history. She mentions only a few specific records, and the great players Billie worked with are discussed mostly for their place in her personal odyssey. Male companions dominate. A pianist friend said that Billie was a fool for men: "She went through the whole zoo until she got to the leopard," which was where she remained. All her life she lived with abusive men who were also pimps. She goaded them to violence, then fought back ferociously. Her men, without exception, stole her money. A couple of them seem to have betrayed her to narcotics agents. There's no record that any were interested in her music or her health. Possibly the most sinister was her last husband, Louis McKay, who talked about her	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,642	What well-known video game was created in Moscow in 1984?	25 Most Popular Video Games Ever 25 Most Popular Video Games Ever Posted by Josef on February 14, 2013 57 Share on Pinterest Video games inherently make more money than any other kinds of gadgets or toys because of their accessibility to a wider audience, especially with the recent proliferation of technology and mobile devices throughout the world. And these day, whether you’re a hard core gamer or not, smart phones have nearly guaranteed that you are at least mildly guilty of wasting time swallowing ghosts or chucking birds. These are the 25 most popular video games ever. Share on Pinterest Considered one of the best games ever when it became a hit on Gameboy it was released by NES in 1998 and players were blown away by the graphics and gameplay of the game compared with the other Gameboy Zelda games. Originally designed for the Nintendo 64DD, it was released instead on a 256-megabit cartridge, the largest-capacity cartridge NES ever produced and also was the first with 3D graphics. 24 Share on Pinterest Over 20 million copies of these role-playing games were sold by Nintendo for Gameboy. Developed by Game Freak, the first installments were Red and Green, which were released in Japan in 1996. Blue was later released in the year as a special edition, with Pokemon Yellow subsequently released three years later. Pokemon Fire Red and Leaf Green were remade afterwards for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 where upwards of 10 million copies were sold. 23 Share on Pinterest Published by Nintendo for its Nintendo 64 and released in June 23, 1996 Super Mario 64 sold over 11 million copies worldwide. The third-person, free roaming, 3D platform was the brainchild of Shigeru Miyamoto who had spent years trying to build a fully-3D platform for the SNES before he quit the idea altogether. However, when the company shifted to the development of N64, he played a big role in helping the company veer away from same thumb-destroying crosspads the company had been employing for over a decade. 22 Share on Pinterest Often considered the most successful video game series of all time, The Sims has sold more than 150 million copies worldwide as of May 2011. A strategic life simulation video game, it is also hailed as the best-selling PC franchise in history. The sandbox game was developed by Maxis, and was later turned over to The Sims Studio published by Electronic Arts. The gameplay involves creating virtual characters called ‘Sims’ who are placed in homes where players can direct their moods and satisfy their desires. 21 Share on Pinterest Released in June 6, 1984, this tile-matching puzzle video game was created by Alexey Pajitnov, a young researcher at Moscow’s Academy of Science. The inspiration for this game came from a board game called Pentomino where 12 different shapes made out of five squares are twisted and turned until they all fit together in a box. Nowadays, an estimated billion people have played Tetris, the first entertainment software from the USSR that was exported to the US. This game is available on nearly all platforms helping it earn the topmost ranking on the ‘100 Greatest Games of All Time’ list from the Electronic Gaming Monthly’s 100th issue. Get more stuff like this in your inbox Join over a million subscribers in our community, and never miss another List25 article.	"World Soccer" Football of the Year 1984 "World Soccer" Football of the Year 1984 Every year the English magazine World Soccer has its readers select winners for its World Footballer of the Year award. The election is open to any player worldwide. Top 10 1. Michel PLATINI 54 % France Juventus (Ita) 2. Ian RUSH 9 % Wales Liverpool (Eng) 3. Artur Antunes Coimbra "ZICO" 7 % Brazil Udinese (Ita) 4. Fernando CHALANA 5 % Portugal Benfica (Por) / Bordeaux (Fra) 5. Jean TIGANA 2 % France Bordeaux (Fra) 6. Morten OLSEN 2 % Denmark Anderlecht (Bel) 7. RENATO Portaluppi 1 % Brazil Gr�mio-RS (Bra) 8. Paolo ROSSI 1 % Italy Juventus (Ita) 9. Graeme SOUNESS 1 % Scotland Liverpool (Eng) / Sampdoria (Ita) 10. Bryan ROBSON 1 % England Manchester United (Eng)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,643	Which spirit is the base of a “White Lady” cocktail?	White Lady Cocktail Recipe You must be logged in to post a comment. Adding comment … RobMagus posted 8 months ago I agree with danny, I far prefer 2:1:1 proportions for a better balanced white lady. dannynannady2007.2b626c1 posted 1 year ago Thought I would give the White Lady a try. Personally this recipe is not to my taste, far too gin/egg forward, the cointreau and lemon juice don't really seem to shine through or are too subtle. Maybe it's just me. JELSP3000 posted 2 years ago Had to substitute triple sec for contreau, but it was pretty good. The egg white separated out from the drink when I made it. The bar I get pink ladies and gin fizzes at has the egg whites really separated in their drinks, any knowledge on which way is most desirable? drloud posted 3 years ago Just looked up the White Lady... My girlfriend is in Malaysia and they are drinking a version made with Grey goose vodka... Apparently it is fantastic... The impetus is the humor involved when a group of white ladies are drinking white ladies in the midst of a bar full of Asians! ~ all comments loaded ~	The Classic Sidecar Cocktail Recipe Strain into a chilled cocktail glass . Garnish with a lemon twist. A classic addition to the Sidecar, which was mentioned in recipes from the early 1930's, was to rim the glass with sugar . This is a nice contrast to the sour drink. If you would like to make this cocktail just a touch sweeter, try using the Spanish brandy de Jerez . The History of the Sidecar As most origins of cocktails go, there are a few different stories about how the Sidecar came into being. One story, as told by David Embury in "The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks" (1948), says that it was developed in a Parisian bistro during World War I by a friend who rode up to a favorite bar in a motorcycle's sidecar. Which bar this was is left to speculation, but it is popularly thought to be Harry's New York Bar. Another claim to the Sidecar invention attributes Frank Meier who worked at the Paris Ritz Hotel. As Gary "Gaz" Regan pointed out in " The Joy of Mixology ," this was later disputed by a man named Bertin who worked at the Ritz after Meier. The next story moves to Buck's Club in London, the supposed home of the French 75 as well. In his 1922 book, Harry's ABC of Mixing Cocktails, Harry MacElhone credits the drink to Pat MacGarry, one of the great bartenders of the day. This was backed up in Robert Vermeire's 1922 Cocktails and How to Mix Them. It should also be noted that MacElhone owned Harry's New York Bar and that he also credits Buck's Club for the French 75 in his book. While he was a popular bartender of the day, he was also very honest (it seems, anyway) and did not take credit himself for the drinks he's often credited with. Classic Sour Drinks Which theory is correct will remain a matter of debate and opinion. One thing that is agreed upon is that the Sidecar is a classic sour drink. Sours were quite popular during the golden age of cocktails in the early 1900's and were a simple mix of base spirit, sour (primarily lemon) and a touch of sweetness. Other great sour drinks came about at the same time. Among the greats are the Brandy Daisy , the Whiskey Sour , and the Margarita . How Strong is the Sidecar? Short drinks like the Sidecar are served 'short' because they pack a punch. They are made mostly of liquor and it's only natural to keep these potent drinks nice and small. With an 80-proof base liquor, the average Sidecar weighs in right around 26% ABV (52 proof) . This is in line with similar drinks like the Martini and Manhattan . More Sidecar Cocktails The Sidecar has influenced many other cocktails and some are classics as well. Others are new creations and play off the popular sour base. Balalaika ( vodka instead of brandy)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,644	Who was the Secretary of State under both Presidents Lincoln and Johnson, best remembered for negotiating the purchase of Alaska from the Russians in 1867?	Preserving Hudson Valley's historic landmarks quite the challenge [database search] - News - recordonline.com - Middletown, NY Preserving Hudson Valley's historic landmarks quite the challenge [database search] Saturday May 14, 2016 at 5:55 PM May 14, 2016 at 5:55 PM BETHEL — The peeling layers of pink and white paint lay bare the wooden clapboards of the White Lake Mansion House, so old they predate the start of the Civil War by more than a dozen years. The “cricket,” the juncture between the main building and an addition, is damaged, too. And the interior has been gutted. But thanks in part to a new roof and windows put in by former owners two decades ago, the 168-year-old Mansion House in Bethel has withstood the test of time, preservationists say. Historic Sites of the Hudson Valley DATABASE: Search all historic sites in New York State try{f_cbload("dc191000423535d82ca0496dbdd9","https:");}catch(v_e){;}Click here to load this CaspioCloud DatabaseCloud Database by Caspio If a developer has his way, the Mansion House — the first successful hotel built in Sullivan County and the oldest one still standing — could be razed to make way for a new hotel and spa on seven acres overlooking White Lake. He hopes to capitalize on the site on Route 17B, which is a short distance from Bethel Woods Center for the Arts and a 15-minute ride from the new Montreign Resort Casino at Adelaar going up in the Town of Thompson. Therein lies the tale. But the visible remnants of the Hudson Valley's rich history are threatened, perhaps irreversibly, by the lack of money or simply by the lack of will to save them. O&W Rail Station, City of Middletown Year built: 1893 Significance: For decades it was a key pillar of Middletown’s economy. In later years, it housed the O& W’s main offices. The station also was known for Seeholzer Restaurant — since the O& W, unlike many trains at the time, didn’t have dining cars, people would rush out to eat when the train stopped in Middletown. Passenger service ended in 1953, but the O& W offices still were there until the company liquidated in 1957. It then housed a variety of other shops, offices and bars at various points. It has been vacant for almost a decade, and was damaged by a fire in 2004 and another in late April this year. Owner: Middletown Community Health Center Work needed: Much of the guts of the three-story, 30,000-square-foot hulk was destroyed in a 2004 fire. Part of the roof has collapsed, windows are smashed and boarded up, and the building is filled with trash. Price tag: $15-18 million What’s being done: Things are in flux right now. After the center lost out on $7.9 million in state funding to help renovate the crumbling building and move its various health services there, they changed course and decided instead to move services to the former Horton Hospital. Middletown Mayor Joe DeStefano said he’s working to preserve as much as possible of the building, even if it’s just the facade facing Wickham Avenue. MCHC officials are also in talks with the state to see if any of the $2.15 million previously awarded for the project can still be used towards the aging station. But DeStefano warns that if that isn’t successful the building may have to be demolished. Newburgh, for example, has the largest contiguous historic district in New York state, extending 445 acres from the Montgomery, Grand and Liberty streets corridor in the north to Washington's Headquarters in the south, said Orange County Historian Johanna Yaun. “Newburgh is known throughout the architectural community as a great tragedy,” Yaun said. “The buildings are not just old; they are representative of some of the finest work of the great 19th century architects.” Dutch Reformed Church - Newburgh Significance: National Historic Landmark designed by famed architect Alexander Jackson Davis Owner: City of Newburgh Work needed: Repairs to roof, walls, cornices, portico and tablature Price tag: $2.4 million is most recent estimate What's being done: Newburgh approved using $18,500 in Community Development Block Grant funds so the Preser	The State of Alaska - An Introduction to the Last Frontier from NETSTATE.COM The State of Alaska Photograph: Harley D. Nygren America's last frontier! On March 30, 1867, the United States agreed to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million dollars, about two cents an acre; "Seward's Folly" many called it, after Secretary of State William H. Seward. A check for $7,200,000.00 was issued on August 1, 1868 and made payable to Edouard de Stoeckl, the Russian Minister to the United States. On January 3, 1959, Alaska, with a land mass larger than Texas, California and Montana combined, became the 49th state in the union. It is a large state, 1/5 the size of all the other states together, reaching so far to the west that the International Date Line had to be bent to keep the state all in the same day. It's also the only U.S. state extending into the Eastern Hemisphere. In Alaska, the "family car" has wings, vegetables and fruit grow to two times their normal size and moose interrupt golf games when they feel like it. THE STATE NAME: The name "Alaska" was used by the Russians to refer only to the peninsula. This name was used by the United States to refer, first to the entire territory, and then, to the State after its purchase in 1867. The name "Alaska" is taken from the Aleut word "aláxsxaq" that refers to an object to which the sea is directed, in this case the Alaska peninsula and mainland. This is sometimes loosely translated as "great land." Alaska; The Last Frontier The Last Frontier Alaska, admitted as the 49th state to the union is thought of as "America's Last Frontier" because of its distance from the lower 48 states and because of its rugged landscape and climate. This remote and rugged perception is evidenced by the fact that only about 1/3 of the state has been organized into political units; 13 boroughs (similar to counties) are defined. Land of the Midnight Sun This nickname refers to Alaska's northern locations where, for a period of time, in the summer, the sun never completely dips below the horizon. The sun is visible at midnight. Parts of Alaska are bathed in 24 hours of daylight. In Barrow, the sun doesn't set for 84 days. For more information about the extremes of Alaska days and nights, visit this page maintained by the Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development. Seward's Folly When the agreement to purchase the Alaska territory from Russia was struck in 1867 by Secretary of State William H. Seward, there were many in the lower 48 states, who looked upon the deal with skepticism and were critical of the secrecy that had surrounded it and of the high price tag. Though Seward finalized agreement with Russia in March, it was a long and bitter battle to get final Congressional approval for the purchase and then get Congress to approve the money for the purchase. During this period, critics of Seward's agreement to purchase the Alaska territory from Russia called the plan referred to the plan as " Seward's Folly ." Congress, finally relented and on October 18, 1867, in Sitka, the Imperial Russian Flag was lowered and the Stars and Stripes was raised. Seward's Ice Box The is another derisive name given to the Alaska territory during the battle between Secretary of State William H. Seward and the United States Congress over the purchase of the land from Russia. Other satirical names were "Icebergia," "Polaria," and "Walrussia." Critics of the purchase also chastised the President of the United State, Andrew Johnson, by referring to the Alaska territory as "Johnson's Polar Bear Garden."	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,645	What is the title of Geri Halliwell's autobiography, published in 1999?	Geri Halliwell - Singer - Biography.com Geri Halliwell Geri Halliwell was known as "Ginger Spice" in the all-girl, British pop group the Spice Girls. Halliwell has the most No. 1 singles of any female musician in U.K. history. IN THESE GROUPS » quotes “If you want to know Geri Halliwell, listen to my album: it tells you more about me than a documentary ever could.” “I have always wanted a solo career, deep in the darkest pit of myself, but I didn't dare admit it to myself even. It took me a long time to confront my fears.” Geri Halliwell Synopsis Geri Halliwell was born on August 6, 1972 in Watford, England. In 1994, she became "Ginger Spice" in the all-girl, British pop group the Spice Girls. Halliwell quit in 1998 to pursue her solo career, starting with her single, "Look At Me," which sold more than 1 million copies worldwide. Since her run with the Spice Girls, Halliwell has authored a series of children's books and started a swim. Additionally, she has been has the most No. 1 singles of any female musician in U.K. history. Early Life Geraldine Estelle Halliwell, known as "Geri," was born on August 6, 1972 in North Watford, England. She was raised by father Laurence Francis Halliwell, of English and Swedish descent, and half-Spanish mother Ana Maria, from Huesca. Halliwell speaks fluent Spanish and English. She attened the Watford Grammar School for Girls, and took her A-Levels at the Camden School for Girls. In college, she studied English literature and finance. After college, Halliwell worked odd jobs, including as a topless model, a cage dancer at a club in Majorca and a presenter on the Turkish TV show Let's Make a Deal. Commercial Success In 1994, Halliwell became a member of the British, all-girl pop group the Spice Girls. She replaced Suzanne Tinker, who couldn't make it to the last audition. Signed to Virgin Records in September 1995, along with Halliwell, the group was comprised of Victoria Beckham, Melanie Brown, Emma Bunton and Melanie Chisholm. The Spice Girls released their debut single, "Wannabe," in 1996, which hit No. 1 in more than 30 countries, and instituted the girls as a global phenomenon. The song became the biggest-selling single by an all-female group. In November 1996, the Spice Girls released their debut album, Spice in Europe, which was so successful it has been compared to Beatlemania. Halliwell was dubbed "Ginger Spice" by Top of the Pops magazine in 1996, and became known for her outrageous, sexually suggestive outfits, platform heels and red hair. After drifting apart in the late '90s to pursue other projects, the Spice Girls reunited for a series of concerts in 2007 and 2008. In June 2012, the group reunited again, this time to announce the creation of a new musical about the rise and fall of the Spice Girls. Viva Forever!, named after the group's 1998 No. 1 single, is slated to open in London by the end of 2012. In August 2012, the Spice Girls, including Halliwell, performed at the closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, held in London. Solo Career On May 30, 1998, Halliwell publicly announced that she would be leaving the Spice Girls due to differences within the group. The announcement generated much controversy, and the other members were forced to complete their North American tour without her. Not long after, in 1999, Halliwell released her first solo single, "Look at Me," from her album, Schizophonic, which sold more than 1 million copies worldwide. Her second album, Scream If You Wanna Go Faster, and its hit single, "It's Raining Men," won the International Song of the Year Award at the 2002 NRJ Music Awards. With 11 No. 1 singles—seven as a member of the Spice Girls and four as a solo artist—Halliwell has the most No. 1 songs of any British female singer in U.K. chart history. Halliwell wrote two autobiographies, If Only (1999) and Just for the Record (2002), both chronicling her rise to fame. She also wrote a series of children's books called Ugenia Lavender, which follows the adventures of a 9-year-old narrator. Halliwell is expected to release he	Girls Aloud \| Women Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Add Image Girls Aloud were an English-Irish pop girl group . They were created through the ITV1 talent show Popstars: The Rivals in 2002. The group comprised singers Cheryl Cole , Nadine Coyle , Sarah Harding , Nicola Roberts and Kimberley Walsh . The group achieved a string of twenty-two consecutive top eleven singles in the United Kingdom, including four number ones. They also achieved six certified albums, two of them reached number one. They have been nominated for five Brit Awards , winning the 2009 Best Single for "The Promise". Girls Aloud's collaborations with Brian Higgins and his songwriting and production team Xenomania earned the group critical acclaim, due to an innovative approach to mainstream pop music. The group became one of the few UK reality television acts to achieve continued success, amassing a fortune of £ 30 million by May 2010. Guinness World Records lists them as "Most Successful Reality TV Group" in the 2007 edition. They also hold the record for "Most Consecutive Top Ten Entries in the UK by a Female Group" in the 2008 edition, and are credited again for "Most Successful Reality TV Group" in the 2011 edition. The group was also named the United Kingdom's biggest selling girl group of the 21st century, with over 4.3 million singles sales and 4 million albums sold.In March 2013, after the Ten: The Hits Tour , the group announced their split. Contents Edit Girls Aloud were formed on 30 November 2002, in front of millions of viewers on the ITV1 programme Popstars: The Rivals . The concept of the programme, hosted by Big Brother presenter Davina McCall was to produce a boyband and a girlgroup who would be "rivals" and compete for the 2002 Christmas number one single. Following the initial success of Hear'Say (winners of the original Popstars show), several thousand applicants attended auditions across the UK in hope of being selected. Ten girls and ten boys were chosen as finalists by judges Pete Waterman , Louis Walsh and Spice Girls member Geri Halliwell . However, two of these were disqualified before the live shows began: Hazel Kaneswaren was found to be too old to participate while Nicola Ward refused to sign the contract, claiming the pay the group would receive was too low. Kimberley Walsh and Nicola Roberts , who had made it into the final fifteen but not the final ten, were chosen as their replacements. During October and November, the finalists took to the stage participating in weekly Saturday night live performances (alternating week-by-week between the girls and boys). Each week the contestant polling the fewest phone votes was eliminated, until the final line-ups of the groups emerged. The five girls who made it into the group were (in the order announced by the host) Cheryl, Nicola, Nadine, Kimberley and Sarah; Javine Hylton missed out on a place in the group, despite previous expectations that she would be placed in the line-up. The group was named Girls Aloud and were managed by Louis Walsh until 2005 when Hilary Shaw replaced him. The two groups competed to become 2002's Christmas number one single. Girls Aloud won the battle with their single " Sound of the Underground ", produced by Brian Higgins and Xenomania . The song spent four consecutive weeks at number one and was certified platinum in March 2003. The song received critical acclaim; Alexis Petridis of The Guardian stated that "it proved a first: it was a reality pop record that didn't make you want to do physical harm to everyone involved in its manufacture". [ edit ]2002–05: Sound of the Underground and What Will the Neighbours Say? Edit After the success of their first single "Sound of the Underground", Girls Aloud spent five months recording the follow-up single and their debut album. Sound of the Underground was completed in April 2003 and released the following month. The album entered the charts at number two and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry . The second single, " No Good Advice ",	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,646	In what year did the Falkands War take place?	30 Years Since the Falklands War - The Atlantic The Atlantic 41 Photos In Focus Next Monday, April 2, will mark the 30th anniversary of the start of the Falklands War -- or, as the Argentinians refer to it, la Guerra de las Malvinas. The Falklands, an Atlantic archipelago 460 km (290 mi) east of Argentina, are the subject of a long-standing dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom. In 1982, Argentinian junta leader General Leopoldo Galtieri sent 600 troops to take the islands, which then had a population of 1,800 people. The British government was surprised by the attack, but quickly organized a task force and sailed south to retake the territory. A brief but bloody series of battles took place at sea, in the air, and on the ground, ending with a British victory on June 14 -- 74 days after the initial invasion. In all, more than 900 people were killed and more than 2,000 injured. The loss marked the beginning of the end of Galtieri's junta, but not the dispute over the islands. Current president Cristina Fernandez has been ratcheting up pressure on Britain to engage in new talks over what her countrymen call the Malvinas.	Macbeth – ABOUT MACBETH OM OSS Macbeth is among the best-known of William Shakespeare’s plays, and is his shortest tragedy, believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606. It is frequently performed at both amateur and professional levels, and has been adapted for opera, film, books, stage and screen. Often regarded as archetypal, the play tells of the dangers of the lust for power and the betrayal of friends. For the plot Shakespeare drew loosely on the historical account of King Macbeth of Scotland by Raphael Holinshed and that by the Scottish philosopher Hector Boece. There are many superstitions centred on the belief the play is somehow «cursed», and many actors will not mention the name of the play aloud, referring to it instead as «The Scottish play». he play opens among thunder and lightning, with the Three Witches deciding that their next meeting shall be with Macbeth. In the following scene, a wounded sergeant reports to King Duncan of Scotland that his generals, Macbeth (who is the Thane of Glamis) and Banquo, have just defeated the allied forces of Norway and Ireland, led by the rebel Macdonwald. Macbeth, the King’s kinsman, is praised for his bravery and fighting prowess. The scene changes. Macbeth and Banquo enter into conversation, remarking on the weather and their victory («So foul and fair a day I have not seen»). While they wander into a heath, the three Witches, who have been waiting, greet them with prophecies. Even though it is Banquo who first challenges them, they address Macbeth. The first hails Macbeth as «Thane of Glamis», the second as «Thane of Cawdor», and the third proclaims that he shall «be King hereafter». Macbeth appears stunned into silence; so again Banquo challenges them. The Witches inform Banquo he shall father a line of kings. While the two men wonder at these pronouncements, the Witches vanish, and another Thane, Ross, a messenger from the King, soon arrives and informs Macbeth of his newly bestowed title—Thane of Cawdor. The first prophecy is thus fulfilled. Immediately, Macbeth begins to harbour ambitions of becoming king. Macbeth writes to his wife about the Witches’ prophecies. When Duncan decides to stay at the Macbeths’ castle at Inverness, Lady Macbeth hatches a plan to murder him and secure the throne for her husband. Although Macbeth raises concerns about the regicide, Lady Macbeth eventually persuades him to follow her plan by challenging his manhood. On the night of the visit Macbeth kills Duncan. The deed is not seen by the audience, but it leaves Macbeth so shaken that Lady Macbeth has to take charge. In accordance with her plan, she frames Duncan’s sleeping servants for the murder by planting bloody daggers on them. Early the next morning, Lennox, a Scottish nobleman, and Macduff, the loyal Thane of Fife, arrive. The porter opens the gate and Macbeth leads them to the king’s chamber, where Macduff discovers Duncan’s corpse. In a feigned fit of anger, Macbeth murders the guards before they can protest their innocence. Macduff is immediately suspicious of Macbeth but does not reveal his suspicions publicly. Fearing for their lives, Duncan’s sons flee, Malcolm to England and his brother Donalbain to Ireland. The rightful heirs’ flight makes them suspects and Macbeth assumes the throne as the new King of Scotland as a kinsman to the dead king. Macbeth seeing the Ghost of Banquo by Théodore Chassériau.Despite his success, Macbeth remains uneasy about the prophecy that Banquo would be the progenitor of kings. So Macbeth invites Banquo to a royal banquet and discovers that Banquo and his young son, Fleance, will be riding out that night. He hires two men to kill Banquo and Fleance. (A third murderer appears mysteriously in the park before the murder). While the assassins murder Banquo, Fleance escapes. At the banquet Banquo’s ghost enters and sits in Macbeth’s place. Only Macbeth can see the ghost; the rest panic at the sight of Macbeth raging at an empty chair, until a desperate Lady Macbeth orders them to leave. Macbeth, disturbed, goes to the Witches once more. They	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,647	In which 1960's TV series did Clarence the cross-eyed lion appear?	Daktari (TV Series 1966–1969) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Dr. Marsh Tracy was a veterinarian running an animal study center in Africa. Helping him were his daughter Paula, American Jack Dane and Mike, a local. Also living with the Tracys--and ... See full summary » Creators: a list of 23 titles created 23 Jan 2012 a list of 2657 titles created 12 Sep 2012 a list of 3690 titles created 15 Jan 2013 a list of 29 titles created 5 months ago a list of 39 titles created 4 months ago Search for " Daktari " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Ranger Porter Ricks is responsible for the animal and human life in Coral Key Park, Florida. Stories center on his 15-year-old son Sandy and 10-year-old Bud and, especially, on their pet dolphin Flipper. Stars: Brian Kelly, Luke Halpin, Tommy Norden When a native village is apparently terrorized by a Lion, the local sergeant enlists the help of a veterinarian working at a nearby animal study center. It is soon discovered that the Lion ... See full summary » Director: Andrew Marton The ongoing saga of the Martin family and their beloved collie, Lassie. Stars: Lassie, Jon Provost, June Lockhart Sonny and his kangaroo Skippy live in Waratah National Park in New South Wales. Matt Hammond, Sonny's father is the park ranger. Skippy saves the day in many adventures. Stars: Ed Devereaux, Tony Bonner, Ken James The series revolves around Evie Ethel Garland, who is the daughter of Troy and Donna Garland. However, Troy is an alien from the planet Antereus. As a benefit of her half-alien parentage, ... See full summary » Stars: Donna Pescow, Maureen Flannigan, Burt Reynolds The story of a young bee named Maya and her adventures. Stars: Michiko Nomura, Ichirô Nagai, Etha Coster Les barbapapa (TV Series 1973) Animation \| Short \| Family The Barbapapas are creatures that can change their form, and those are the adventures is this unusual family in his struggle to find his place in the planet while helping other people and animals Stars: Allen Swift, Julia Holewinski, Leen Jongewaard The humourous adventures of a family of pop musicians. Stars: Shirley Jones, David Cassidy, Susan Dey A sarcastic Martian comes to live with a hapless young Terran on Earth. Stars: Ray Walston, Bill Bixby, Pamela Britton Pumuckl is a nice and sometimes naughty goblin who used to live with a cabinet maker named Franz Eder. Mr. Eder has had to live through quite some trouble because Pumuckl always was up to ... See full summary » Stars: Gustl Bayrhammer, Hans Clarin, Toni Berger In the 21st century, the Tracy family operate a unique private mechanized emergency response service. Stars: Sylvia Anderson, Peter Dyneley, David Graham Top Cat is the leader of a group of alley cats, always trying to cheat someone. Stars: Leo DeLyon, Allen Jenkins, Arnold Stang Edit Storyline Dr. Marsh Tracy was a veterinarian running an animal study center in Africa. Helping him were his daughter Paula, American Jack Dane and Mike, a local. Also living with the Tracys--and equally a part of the show's starring cast--were a crossed-eyed lion named Clarence and a chimp named Judy. The series' storylines were largely centered around protecting the wildlife of the local game preserve from poachers and other threats. Written by Marg Baskin <marg@asd.raytheon.ca> The jungle's great for adventure. In fact it's wild. (season 3) See more » Genres: 11 January 1966 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Did You Know? Trivia Originally they wanted Ralph Helfer 's own daughter Tana Helfer to be the little girl in the Pilot because she was able to ride their Zebra Folsom around so well but Tana hated acting. See more » Connections My Favorite Show as a Child 4 October 2005 \| by lambiepie-2	Coronation Street \| Television New Zealand \| Entertainment \| TVNZ 1, TVNZ 2 In the beginning… Coronation Street began at 7pm on Friday 9 December 1960. The first episode was transmitted live. Nearly 8000 episodes later Coronation Street continues to be a ratings success, captivating audiences worldwide. A young scriptwriter called Tony Warren created the series, originally titled Florizel Street. The first episode was penned within 24 hours, 13 episodes were commissioned and the face of British television was set to change forever. Broadcast facts Viewers were given their first glimpse of Coronation Street in full colour when the first colour episode was transmitted on 3rd November 1969. A live episode was broadcast to mark the series' 40th anniversary in December 2000 - the first time the show had been broadcast live since 1960 and 1961. Another live episode aired to mark the 50th anniversary in 2010. The 1000th episode was transmitted on 24th August 1970. Famous fans include: Anthony Hopkins; Michael Parkinson; Julie Walters; Cliff Richard; Victoria Wood; Cilla Black; Cheryl Cole; Snoop Dogg. A number of famous faces have paid visits to the set including: Diana Dors; Dustin Hoffman; Alfred Hitchcock; Howard Keel; Boy George; Prime Ministers Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair; Queen Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh. On 8 August 1979, the programme was taken off air as part of an ITV strike. It returned to the screen on 24 October. The series originally aired twice a week. A third weekly episode was introduced in 1989, and a fourth in 1996. Coronation Street has broadcast five times a week since 2002. The production team has travelled abroad to film at foreign locations on seven occasions: Majorca (1974); Torremolinos (1987); Normandy (1994); Amsterdam (1998); Paris (2000 and 2006); Malta (2007). There have been five spin-off video/DVD releases: The Feature Length QE2 Special (1995); Viva Las Vegas (1997); Out of Africa (2008); Romanian Holiday (2009); A Knight's Tale (2010). A six-part series ('After Hours') set in Brighton, featuring the returns of Bet Gilroy and Reg Holdsworth, aired in November 1999. Cast facts William Tarmey and Elizabeth Dawn both appeared as background artists for several years before making their debuts as Jack and Vera Duckworth. Rita ( played by Barbara Knox ) first appeared on screen on 2 December 1964. Famous faces who have walked on the Weatherfield cobbles include: Joanna Lumley; Ben Kingsley; Ian McKellen; Stephanie Beacham; Patricia Routledge; Patrick Stewart; Martin Shaw; June Whitfield; Anna Friel; Nigel Havers. Celebrities who have appeared as background artists on the show include: Cliff Richard; Mel B; Peter Schmeichel. Roy Barraclough played three different characters during the 1960s, before first appearing as Alec Gilroy on 26 June 1972. After 13 years, Patricia Phoenix (Elsie Tanner) left the programme on 8 October 1973. She returned in 1976 and remained for 8 more years, appearing in 1641 episodes. Mike Baldwin made his first appearance on 11 October 1976 and bowed out 30 years later on 7 April 2006 after 2383 episodes. He remains one of the 10 longest-serving cast members in the show's 53 year history. Doris Speed was awarded an MBE by the Queen at Buckingham Palace on 29 November 1977. Violet Carson made her last appearance as Ena Sharples after 1150 episodes on 4 April 1980. Jean Alexander made her last appearance as Hilda Ogden on 25 December 1987 - an episode watched by 26 million people. In 1988, she became the first soap opera performer to be nominated for a BAFTA award. HRH The Prince of Wales made a pre-recorded cameo appearance in the 40th anniversary live episode on 8th December 2000. In HM Queen Elizabeth II's 2010 birthday honours, Barbara Knox and Eileen Derbyshire were awarded MBEs. Corrie firsts First birth: Elsie Tanner's grandson Paul Cheveski on 12 June 1961. First marriage: Jack and Annie Walker's daughter Joan to Gordon Davies on 8 March 1961. First death: The first death was the original resident of No.13, May Hardman, in Episode 7 on 31 December 1960	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,648	What multi-venue rock music concert, held on 13 July 1985, was organized by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for famine relief in Ethiopia?	LIVE AID LIVE AID Format: DVD Live Aid was a multi-venue rock concert held on 13 July 1985 organized by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for famine relief in Ethiopia. It took place simultaneously in London at Wembley Stadium and in Philadelphia at JFK Stadium. It was broadcast live on television in more than 60 countries. The 4 disc DVD runs approximately 10 hours (from a total of 16). The film is primarily sourced from the BBC archives and was supplemented by B-roll and alternate camera footage supplied by MTV. Eric Clapton performed at the Philadelphia concert. "White Room," "She's Waiting" and "Layla" are included on Disc 3. DISCOGRAPHY	My Questions - Documents Documents Share My Questions Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html" title="My Questions" target="_blank">My Questions</a></div> size(px) Download My Questions Transcript Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line "Stick a pony in me pocket"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show "A Question Of Sport"? Which "Generation Game" presenter was famous for his catchphrase "Shut That Door"? "No Mean City" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as "La Cosa Nostra"? What was the Titanic’s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series "Just Good Friends"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film "The Karate Kid"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means "empty orchestra"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers David Coleman Larry Grayson Taggart The Royle Family Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) The Simpsons Teddy Bear Alabama Minotaur The Netherlands The Bismark The Mafia Cherbourg Ben Nevis The Net Toy Story 2 Paul Nicholas "The Lion King" The Adder 28 Martin Luther King's York Manager of the Spice Girls Cupid Using chopsticks to do it Jaws (in two James Bond films) Dixon - the others are Santa's reindeer Mercury Diet Coke Karaoke October 31st Hammerstein On 11th February 1990, which fam	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,649	Who won the Oscar for best actress for her role in The Hours in 2003?	2003 Academy Awards® Winners The Triplets of Belleville (2003, Fr.) (aka Les Triplettes de Belleville) Actor: SEAN PENN in "Mystic River, "Johnny Depp in " Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl ," Ben Kingsley in "House of Sand and Fog," Jude Law in "Cold Mountain," Bill Murray in "Lost In Translation" Actress: CHARLIZE THERON in "Monster," Keisha Castle-Hughes in "Whale Rider," Diane Keaton in "Something's Gotta Give," Samantha Morton in "In America," Naomi Watts in "21 Grams" Supporting Actor: TIM ROBBINS in "Mystic River," Alec Baldwin in "The Cooler," Benicio Del Toro in "21 Grams," Djimon Hounsou in "In America," Ken Watanabe in "The Last Samurai" Supporting Actress: RENEE ZELLWEGER in "Cold Mountain," Shohreh Aghdashloo in "House of Sand and Fog," Patricia Clarkson in "Pieces of April," Marcia Gay Harden in "Mystic River," Holly Hunter in "Thirteen" Director: PETER JACKSON for " The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King ," Fernando Meirelles for "City of God," Sofia Coppola for "Lost In Translation," Peter Weir for "Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World," Clint Eastwood for "Mystic River" The big winner this year was a predictable favorite - New Zealander director Peter Jackson's majestic fantasy - the final chapter in New Line's franchise of trilogy films: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King . It led the nominations race with 11 nominations (mostly in technical categories), including Best Picture and Best Director, and achieved a clean sweep with 11 Oscar wins. Its 11 wins tied it with two other blockbuster films, Ben-Hur (1959) (with 12 nominations) and Titanic (1997) (with 14 nominations). This was the first time a film received that many nominations without any acting recognition. And it is one of ten films in Oscar history that won Best Picture without receiving a single acting nomination. It was also the first fantasy film to ever win the top Oscar prize. The film grossed $1 billion in just 9 weeks and 4 days, a new record, and it was the top grossing film of its year, at $377 million (domestic) and $1.1 billion (worldwide). The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King joins two other Best Picture winners that have experienced clean sweeps - they have won every award for which they were nominated (and none of the films were nominated for acting awards!) - and Rings topped them all with more wins: Gigi (1958) - 9 for 9 The Last Emperor (1987) - 9 for 9 The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) - 11 for 11 Besides Best Picture and Best Director, its other nine wins were Best Original Music Score, Best Song ("Into the West"), Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Editing, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Makeup, and Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay) (for the script based on J.R.R. Tolkien's fantasy classic). The film was the second film trilogy in Oscar history (after Francis Ford Coppola's Godfather pictures in 1972, 1974, and 1990) to have all three of its movies nominated for Best Picture - and the only one to have its third installment win the top prize. It was also the third sequel in Oscar history to be nominated for Best Picture, taking its place after The Bells	Oscars 2001: Contenders in the main categories \| Film \| The Guardian Contenders in the main categories Thursday 22 March 2001 22.01 EST Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 4-1 Traffic 5-1 Erin Brockovich 6-1 Chocolat 15-1 Using nifty computer-generated images, Gladiator recreated the blood, intrigue, sandals and pageantry of ancient Rome. It won a Golden Globe and is now bookies' favourite. With another double nomination, Steven Soderbergh et al may be miffed if neither Erin Brockovich nor Traffic wins best film or direction; but tipsters put Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon ahead of both. Best actor in a leading role Russell Crowe (Gladiator) 5-9 Tom Hanks (Cast Away) 3-2 Ed Harris (Pollock) 7-1 Geoffrey Rush (Quills) 7-1 Javier Bardem (Before Night Falls) 8-1 Antipodean demigod Russell Crowe is favourite for his portrayal of Colosseum butcher Maximus Meridius. But going by this year's Golden Globes, gushing Academy veteran Tom Hanks could take home his third Oscar for playing Chuck Noland - the Cast Away Fed-Ex brownshirt with yo-yoing waistline and fearsome beard. Outsider Ed Harris is worth a flutter. Best actress in a leading role Julia Roberts (Erin Brockovich) 1-10 Joan Allen (The Contender) 5-1 Juliette Binoche (Chocolat) 6-1 Ellen Burstyn (Requiem for a Dream) 9-1 Laura Linney (You Can Count on Me) 9-1 Tipsters reckon Golden Globe-winner Julia Roberts has this stitched-up for her portrayal of Erin Brockovich. It garnered Hollywood's highest-paid actress her second Oscar nomination. Joan Allen, the character-assassinated vice-president nominee in The Contender, and Juliette Binoche, Chocolat's mysterious chocolatier, are worth a bet too. Best actor in a supporting role Benicio Del Toro (Traffic) 1-6 Albert Finney (Erin Brockovich) 3-1 Joaquin Phoenix (Gladiator) 6-1 Willem Dafoe (Shadow/Vampire) 8-1 Jeff Bridges (The Contender) 13-1 Benicio Del Toro is out in front with his portrayal of Traffic's Javier Rodriguez - the Tijuana cop caught up in the drug trade. Eating his dust are five-times nominated Albert Finney, the world-worn attorney in Erin Brockovich; Joaquin Phoenix, the deliciously reptilian Commodus in Gladiator; and Willem Dafoe - uncanny in Shadow of the Vampire. Best actress in a supporting role Kate Hudson (Almost Famous) 1-1 Judi Dench (Chocolat) 7-5 Frances McDormand (Almost Famous) 7-5 Marcia Gay Harden (Pollock) 6-1 Julie Walters (Billy Elliot) 8-1 Favourite is celebrity du jour Kate Hudson, for her Golden Globe-winning portrayal of Penny Lane in Almost Famous - the epitome of groupie chic. If she wins, Hudson and Oscar-winning mum Goldie Hawn could be the first mother-daughter winners. It may be two times lucky for Judi Dench for Chocolat, though a Julie Walters win is possible too. Best director*	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,650	Who was Children's Laureate between Michael Morpurgo and Michael Rosen?	Michael Rosen - Literature Literature United Agents Biography Prolific children's writer, Michael Rosen, was born in Middlesex in 1946 and studied English Language and Literature at Oxford University. His first work was a play, Backbone (1968), performed at the Royal Court Theatre while he was still a student. He also wrote poetry and journalism for the student newspaper and magazine during his time at Oxford. From 1969-1972, he was a trainee at the BBC, working in radio drama, and on Play School and Schools Television. He then spent three years at the National Film School, publishing his first book of poetry, Mind Your Own Business, in 1974. This book was not originally written for children, but appeared on Deutsch's children's list, and from that point on, his career was set. Since 1976, he has been writing, performing, teaching, and appearing on radio and television. He also writes regularly for The Guardian. His books include fiction and picture books for children, including the recent Michael Rosen's Sad Book (2004); Totally Wonderful Miss Plumberry (2006); and Mustard, Custard, Grumble Belly and Gravy (2006). His picture book, We're Going On a Bear Hunt (1989), won multiple awards. His poetry books include Quick Let's Get Out of Here (1983); You Wait Till I'm Older Than You (1996); Lunch Boxes Don't Fly (1999); Uncle Billy Being Silly (2001); and No Breathing in Class (2003) - all of which are based on his own childhood. He has also edited many anthologies for children, including The Kingfisher Book of Children's Poetry (1985); Poems for the Very Young (1993); and Classic Poetry, an illustrated collection (1998), and has written two non-fiction books for children about Shakespeare and Dickens. His non-fiction for adults includes books for teachers, such as Did I Hear You Write? (1989) and A Year with Poetry (1997). He has also recently written three books of autobiography entitled, Carrying the Elephant (2002); This Is Not My Nose (2004) and In the Colonie (2005), and he edited these and added new poems, for a Selected Poems (2007). Michael Rosen's work for radio and television includes writing and presenting for BBC Radio 3 and 4 and for the BBC World Service, including the Treasure Islands, Best Words, Meridian Books and Word of Mouth programmes. He won a Sony Radio Gold Award for his series On Saying Goodbye. He has written and presented many single radio documentaries including profiles of the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, Joan Littlewood, Bertolt Brecht, Maurice Sendak, Le Corbusier and 'Dr. Seuss' (Theodore Geisel) along with documentaries on the Second World War German youth movement, the Edelweisspiraten, the fantasy writers of Oxford University, Robert Browning's 'Pied Piper', the unpublished poetry of Ogden Nash, and series on innovative children's books and sculptors' materials. He created the children's television series, Black and White and Read all Over and Everybody Here for Channel 4, and the Channel 5 documentary on the Seven Stories Museum of Children's Literature in Newcastle, and has presented several series for educational television, such as Rosen's Poetry Attic and Reading Aloud. Michael Rosen was one of the first poets to visit schools and is committed to the teaching of writing and the reading of literature in schools. He won the 1997 Eleanor Farjeon Award for distinguished services to children's literature, and received an honorary doctorate in 2005 from the Open University and another from Exeter University in 2007. He has a BA, MA and a Ph.D. for a doctorate completed in 1997 and is a visiting professor at London Metropolitan University and Middlesex University. He teaches at Birkbeck, University of London. He is a fellow of the English Assoiation and the Royal Society of Literature. He was appointed the Children's Laureate for 2007-2009. Awards Critical perspective In June 2007, Michael Rosen became the fifth Children’s Laureate -- he is the first poet to step into this prestigious role. The idea for the Children’s Laureate came from a conversation between children’s author M	The 10 best children's TV characters \| Culture \| The Guardian The 10 best children's TV characters The 10 best children's TV characters Share on Messenger Close From cult figures guaranteed to generate nostalgia in grownups to today's kids' heroes, here are our favourite children's TV characters Who else should have made the list? Have your say in the comments and your contribution could be featured in our alternative readers' 10 best next week Saturday 14 December 2013 11.30 EST First published on Saturday 14 December 2013 11.30 EST Bagpuss “An old, saggy cloth cat. Baggy and a bit loose at the seams, but Emily loved him.” Thus was the star of Peter Firmin and Oliver Postgate’s 1974 stop-motion classic introduced. Emily (played by Firmin’s daughter Emily) would bring broken things back to her shop and leave them in front of her sleepy pink-and-white-striped stuffed cat. He’d wake up, his friends would come to life and the object would be magically fixed. Only 13 episodes were made but it regularly tops polls of the best children’s programme ever. Bagpuss himself has retired to the Canterbury Heritage Museum Photograph: Creations of Oliver Postgate Pinterest Danger Mouse This animated 80s spy parody from Cosgrove Hall (makers of Chorlton and the Wheelies, Jamie and the Magic Torch and Danger Mouse spin-off Count Duckula) saw the titular rodent and his bumbling hamster sidekick, Penfold, fighting to save the world from the villainous likes of wheezy toad Baron Silas Greenback and his Italian crow henchman, Stiletto Mafiosa. The one-eyed “white wonder” spoke 34 languages, practised seventh-level yoga, mastered the ancient martial art of kung moggy and lived in a pillarbox. David Jason and Terry Scott provided the voices, and the show became the first British cartoon to crack the US market. Crumbs, chief! Penfold, shush! Photograph: FremantleMedia /Rex Features Pinterest Tucker Jenkins Cue a cartoon sausage on a fork. Phil Redmond’s gritty school drama Grange Hill lasted an impressive three decades, starting in 1978 and ringing the final bell five years ago . Every viewer had their own favourite pupil, depending on age – Zammo Maguire, Gripper Stebson, Trisha Yates, Danny Kendall, Pogo Patterson, Stewpot Stewart, Roly Browning, Ziggy Greaves, Imelda Davis, Gonch Gardner – but the original anti-hero was mop-topped tearaway Tucker, played by Todd Carty. Along with mates Alan, Benny and Tommy, Tucker was always bunking off and getting into scrapes, but had a heart of gold underneath. He later had his own spin-off, Tucker’s Luck, and returned to Grange Hill for the last ever episode. Flippin’ ’eck, Tucker! Leg it! Photograph: PR Pinterest Hong Kong Phooey Another cult classic of surprisingly short duration, there were just 16 episodes of this 1974 Hanna-Barbera kung fu parody. Voiced by Scatman Crothers, hero Penry Pooch was a “mild-mannered janitor” at a police station who jumped into a filing cabinet to transform into high-kicking crime-fighter Hong Kong Phooey. Who is actually pretty useless until his world-weary cat Spot (who was striped, obviously) rolls his eyes and intervenes. The duo rode in the Phooeymobile, which could be transformed into any vehicle with a bang of a gong. A film remake is currently in production, voiced by Eddie Murphy. Fanriffic! Hiiii-ya! Photograph: Everett Collection/Rex Features Pinterest Scooby-Doo “And I would have gotten away with it too, if it hadn’t been for you meddling kids!” This Hanna-Barbera cartoon saw four teenagers (Fred, Daphne, Velma and Shaggy) and their talking great dane travel around in a psychedelic van (the Mystery Machine), cracking supposedly supernatural cases – which invariably ended up being the work of a flesh-and-blood villain in a mask. The cowardly, permanently hungry mutt was originally called Too Much, but renamed after a Frank Sinatra scat. The franchise started in 1969 and is still going strong . Quality-wise, however, it all went horribly downhill when Scoob’s deeply annoying nephew Scrappy-Doo joined in 1980 Photograph: Sportsphoto Ltd/Allstar Pinterest The Cl	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,651	Which nation slipped back into technical recession in mid-November 2014?	Japan economy slips back into recession in July-Sept, blow to Abenomics \| The Indian Express Japan economy slips back into recession in July-Sept, blow to Abenomics Japan economy slips back into recession in July-Sept, blow to Abenomics The world's third-largest economy shrank an annualised 0.8 percent in July-September, more than a median market forecast for a 0.2 percent contraction, government data showed on Monday. By: Reuters \| Tokyo \| Published:November 16, 2015 8:39 am The world’s third-largest economy shrank an annualised 0.8 percent in July-September, more than a median market forecast for a 0.2 percent contraction, government data showed on Monday. (Source: Reuters) Japan’s economy slid back into recession in July-September as uncertainty over the overseas outlook hurt business investment, keeping policymakers under pressure to deploy new stimulus measures to support a fragile recovery. A rebound in private consumption and exports offered some hope the world’s third-largest economy is emerging from the doldrums, despite slowing Chinese demand and the pain households are feeling from rising imported food prices. Still, many analysts expect the economy to grow only moderately in the current quarter as companies remain hesitant to use their record profits for wage hikes, underscoring the challenges premier Shinzo Abe faces in pulling Japan sustainably out of stagnation with his “Abenomics” stimulus policies. Share This Article Japan out of recession,outlook shaky “A big drop in inventory was the largest factor behind a third-quarter contraction. Weak capital spending was a concern, but excluding these factors, the GDP figures were not so bad,” said Takeshi Minami, chief economist at Norinchukin Research Institute. The world’s third-largest economy shrank an annualised 0.8 percent in July-September, more than a median market forecast for a 0.2 percent contraction, government data showed on Monday. That followed a revised 0.7 percent contraction in April-June, which was the first decline in three quarters. Japan thus slipped back into technical recession, which is defined as two consecutive quarters of contraction, after suffering one last year due to the hit on consumer spending from a sales tax hike in April 2014. The data may affect debate among policymakers on how much fiscal spending should be earmarked in a supplementary budget that is expected to be compiled this fiscal year. The government maintained a cautiously upbeat view, saying that despite some weaknesses, the economy continues to recover moderately on improvements in job and income conditions. “While there are risks such as overseas developments, we expect the economy to head toward a moderate recovery thanks to the effect of various (stimulus) steps taken so far,” Economics Minister Akira Amari said in a statement after the data was released. Capital expenditure fell 1.3 percent, more than a median market forecast of a 0.4 percent decrease to mark a second straight quarter of declines, on sluggish investment by automakers and machinery manufacturers. But private consumption, which accounts for about 60 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), rose 0.5 percent from the previous quarter, roughly in line with a median market forecast. While domestic demand shaved 0.3 percentage point off GDP, external demand added 0.1 point to growth, the data showed. The weak data would be of little surprise to many Bank of Japan officials, who had largely factored in the recession and expect growth to rebound in coming quarters as consumption and factory output show signs of a pick-up. While the data will be closely scrutinised by the policymakers, the BOJ is widely expected to keep monetary policy steady at its rate review this week, analysts say. “China’s economic slowdown did not have a big impact on Japan’s Q3 GDP, but we could see a negative impact in the following quarters,” said Shuji Tonouchi, senior fixed income strategist at Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Securities. “The government does not have to respond right away, but economic stimulus could become more	Championship 2013-14: the fans' half-term report \| Football \| The Guardian Championship 2013-14: the fans' half-term report The people who really know their clubs give us the lowdown on the Championship season so far Friday 20 December 2013 08.40 EST First published on Friday 20 December 2013 08.40 EST Barnsley Season in one word Afterclap. How's it going? Like a jigsaw you might find amongst a bric-a-brac sale, we were chuffed with our lot but find ourselves unsure if we have all the correct pieces we need. Having tied down many of the characters that helped us secure our Championship survival last term, we ambitiously felt that we had added few more quality players to our number. Sadly mid-table mediocrity is a distant dream. The campaign so far has been bewildering, but the board has acted and now in Danny we trust! Who's been the star? Paddy McCourt – "The Derry Pele" might be regarded as a luxury at the moment, but he is the shining star who has brightened up many a dull afternoon or evening. Biggest disappointment? After his achievements last season, the board, the players and most of all the fans bought into "Flicker's Family" philosophy hook line and sinker. How this unravelled has hurt everybody. A well loved character, but an outcome that was a bitter disappointment. All we want for Christmas is … A brand-new terrace chant. No longer can we sing "Three Little Birds" – fortunately every little thing did turn out alright last season. And whilst "Walking in a Wilson Wonderland" and "Just Like Watching Brazil" will inevitably re-emerge, it's a new era, a new challenge and a massive scrap in 2014 for the Reds. Birmingham City Season in one word Apathetic. How's it going? It's about as good as we can expect. We've got no money; an owner on trial over alleged money laundering; and a team of kids, loanees, freebies and Nikola Zigic. The miracle really is that we haven't gone into adminstration, that we've managed a few decent results and we might have unearthed a rough diamond or two. The problem is the fans have slowly given up; until we start winning home games attendances will continue to drop and people are too apathetic even to moan now. Who's been the star? Tom Adeyemi for me. Signed on a free, started a bit slowly but he looks like he's got a real engine on him, can get from box to box and scores a few. First-team football has done him wonders and I think come the end of the season he could be snapped up if we're still in the toilet financially. Biggest disappointment? Controversial choice, but I'm going to go with Gianni Paladini. Continously fed the local rumour mill about how he's going to buy the club, goes on radio to say he wants to do it but somehow mysteriously he can't close the deal – and he seems unwilling to do anything about this contract he apparently had to do it. All we want for Christmas is … The club sold to a new owner who can at least put a little bit of money in. The club needs investment now and the longer the current situation drags on the worse it's going to get. Blackburn Rovers Season in one word Inconsistent. How's it going? Looking at the squad we reconstructed over the summer and the quite severe financial surgery that came with it, we are roughly in the spot on the league table I expected us to be occupying. Gary Bowyer has taken on a difficult job and so far he's been decent by my reckoning. But things are never easy on planet Venky's and for every good performance we've had (Bolton at Ewood in particular was superb), we've had to endure a pretty torrid one (say hello Charlton at home a few weeks later). The squad is younger and certainly more committed than the toothless shambles we had last season, but the overall financial picture at the club is bleaker than a rainy winter night. It's never dull, which I suppose is one thing. Who's been the star? The obvious answer is Jordan Rhodes. He's not often deployed in the role that suits him best, but his goal scoring record is excellent and as such he deserves the ultimate accolade. Special hat tip to on loan Tom Cairney as well, very h	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,652	In Which We Serve, This Happy Breed and Brief Encounter are early films by which director?	DVD Savant Blu-ray Review: David Lean directs Noël Coward David Lean directs Noël Coward In Which We Serve, This Happy Breed, Blithe Spirit, Brief Encounter Blu-ray Criterion 604-606; 76 1942-1945 / B&W, Color / 1:37 flat full frame / 114, 111, 96, 86 min / Street Date March 27, 2012 / 99.95 Starring: Noël Coward, Michael Wilding, James Donald, Bernard Miles, John Mills, Celia Johnson, Kay Walsh, Richard Attenborough; Robert Newton, Celia Johnson, John Mills, Kay Walsh, Stanley Holloway; Rex Harrison, Constance Cummings, Kay Hammond, Margaret Rutherford, Joyce Carey; Celia Johnson, Trevor Howard, Stanley Holloway, Joyce Carey. Cinematography Noël Coward, Muir Matheson, Clifton Parker; Richard Addinsell. Written by Noël Coward & David Lean Reviewed by Glenn Erickson The English rightfully think dearly of David Lean, as the BFI National Archive spent a fortune restoring the director's first ten films several years ago. The first four titles have just appeared on Criterion's Blu-ray set David Lean directs Noël Coward. The famous performer, playwright and composer co-directed the first film and provided the stories for all four. As recounted in the excellent extras in the four-disc set, Coward enabled the development of an exceedingly talented partnership that would be known as The Cineguild: director-writer David Lean, cinematographer-writer Ronald Neame and writer-co-producer-production manager Anthony Havelock-Allan. Coward would chastise his "little darlings" when he didn't like their work, but he supported them fully. These four wartime films launched the careers of several major actors and are still considered the top British films of their day. In Which We Serve began as Noël Coward's show, as he starred, produced and wrote the original script, basing his story on Lord Mountbatten's exploits in the Royal Navy. According to historian Barry Day, "The Darlings" brought Coward's overlong script to length by reformatting various subplots as flashbacks. Survivors of a sunken destroyer cling helplessly to a life raft while German planes strafe them; several remember events back home that illustrate the excitement and tragedy of the wartime experience. As a wartime morale-raiser Coward's film cannot be bettered. The civilians back home (lovely Celia Johnson and Kay Walsh) fret and suffer German bombing raids. Captain Kinross (Coward), Seaman Shorty Blake (John Mills) and C.P.O. Hardy (Bernard Miles) bob on the ocean covered in fuel oil, as ripple dissolves flash back to their memories of life on shore. The drama is honest and powerful. It's obvious that wartime English audiences were transfixed -- unlike our experience, the Nazi threat was on their doorstep. Coward does lay on his pro-Navy recruitment messages rather thickly. Although the sailors complain, comments about the excellent food proliferate, even the playwright's favorite drink of "hot cocoa". The feeling of authenticity is more than a matter of excellent sets (an entire section of the ship was replicated on a soundstage). Many of the sailors and soldiers seen in the show are real troops, volunteering during leave. Among the excellent cast are Michael Wilding as a smiling officer, a young James Donald as the ship's doctor and future director Michael Anderson as a Marine. In Which We Serve was a big break for the very young Richard Attenborough, who debuts as a cowardly sailor. Attenborough already has his tortured misfit act down pat. This Happy Breed is an ambitious adaptation of a Noël Coward play, a between-the-wars extension of his earlier success Cavalcade. The episodic story records the fortunes of the lower middle-class Gibbons family. They move into a row house at the close of WW1, and at the finale, takes their leave just as WW2 is beginning. We watch as their children grow up during times of labor unrest and political radicalism; each episode ends in a heavy fade to black. Frank Gibbons (Robert Newton, looking positively sober) is happy to find Bob Mitchell, an old army buddy (Stanley Holloway) living next door. They go on periodic benders, much to the d	Richard Attenborough obituary \| Film \| The Guardian Richard Attenborough obituary Outstanding figure in British cultural life, he was an actor, director and ebullient patron of several charities Richard Attenborough as Pinkie Brown in Brighton Rock, 1947. Photograph: ABPC/Sportsphoto/Allstar Richard Attenborough obituary Outstanding figure in British cultural life, he was an actor, director and ebullient patron of several charities Sunday 24 August 2014 19.26 EDT First published on Sunday 24 August 2014 19.26 EDT Share on Messenger Close Richard Attenborough , who has died aged 90, had three distinct personas for those who followed his career in the entertainment world: the baby-faced, pint-sized actor, at turns, cocky and cowardly, later rotund in mostly creepy character roles; the film director of epics such as Gandhi, and Chaplin; and Lord "Dickie", ubiquitous, ebullient and lachrymose, presiding over a host of charitable organisations. However, each image merges into one complete picture of a cheerful humanitarian and imperishable idealist who, for over half a century, played an integral part in British cultural life. In the history of cinema, the image of the actor will probably be the most enduring, though physically Attenborough lacked the requirements of a romantic leading man (ironically, his younger brother, David, the wildlife expert, had the film-star looks). In fact, Attenborough was in front of the camera for over a quarter of a century before his directorial debut, at the age of 46, with Oh! What a Lovely War in 1969. His first screen role was as a callow stoker who deserts his post in Noël Coward's In Which We Serve (1942), told in flashback by survivors while they cling to a life raft after their ship has been sunk off Crete in May 1941. Small as the part was, the 19-year-old Attenborough made an impression as a cockney coward for Coward. A cockney he wasn't, though he played mainly working-class characters throughout his career. Attenborough's father, Frederick, was a Cambridge don, who later became principal of University College Leicester. Richard, born in Cambridge, was exposed to culture early. His parents and grandparents were all musical, and one of his first memories was hearing The Messiah conducted by Malcolm Sargent in the De Montfort Hall in Leicester. Above all, Richard and his two younger brothers, David and John, were brought up with a sense of social responsibility. Their mother, Mary, was chair of a committee to care for evacuee Basque children during the Spanish civil war, and she marched in protest against the bombing of Guernica. On the outbreak of the second world war, the Attenboroughs took two Jewish girls into their home, where they stayed for eight years. "That particular decision, not merely paying lip service but taking positive, responsible action to help other human beings, made a profound impression on me. It has, I suppose, affected my life and my attitudes ever since," Attenborough wrote. This is clear from most of his choices of subjects as a producer and director. He inherited his energy and non-stop activity from his mother, who died in a car accident, apparently suffering a heart attack as she was returning alone from a committee meeting. Attenborough was educated in Leicester, at Wyggeston grammar school, and showed his acting skills early on, gaining a scholarship to Rada in 1940. His first part in the West End was Ralph Berger, the younger son of a Bronx Jewish family in Clifford Odets's Awake and Sing. The Times said he played it "with sound understanding", while the Daily Sketch thought he "showed an intensity of feeling and restraint for a youngster who has a big future". A few months before joining the RAF in June 1943, Attenborough achieved his greatest stage success in Brighton Rock, adapted from the Graham Greene novel by Frank Harvey. Attenborough as Pinkie Brown, the vicious young Catholic gangster, according to the New Statesman, "deserves to have won fame in a single night, for his study in abnormal psychology is thoughtful, delicate and powerful." This f	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,653	Who is known in Scotland as 'Duke of Rothesay' and has the middle names of Philip Arthur George?	Charles, Prince of Wales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Your continued donations keep Wikipedia running! Charles, Prince of Wales "Prince Charles" redirects here. For other people known as Prince Charles, see Prince Charles (disambiguation) . Prince Charles Prince of Wales; Scot : Duke of Rothesay Spouse Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor Titles HRH The Prince of Wales HRH The Duke of Cornwall HRH Prince Charles of Edinburgh Buckingham Palace , London The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George Mountbatten-Windsor ; born Windsor , 14 November 1948 ), is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh . He is Heir Apparent to the respective thrones of the United Kingdom and the other 15 Commonwealth Realms . He has held the title of Prince of Wales since 1958, and is styled HRH The Prince of Wales, except in Scotland , where he is styled HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay , and (unofficially) in Cornwall, where he is known as "The Duke of Cornwall". Constitutionally, he is the first in line to the throne, but third in order of precedence , following his parents. The Prince of Wales is well-known for his extensive charity work, particularly for the Prince's Trust . He also carries out a full schedule of royal duties and, increasingly, is taking on more royal roles from his ageing parents. The Prince is also well known for his marriages to the late Diana, Princess of Wales and, subsequently, to Camilla, The Duchess of Cornwall . Contents Prince Charles was born on 14 November 1948 at Buckingham Palace . His father is The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , eldest son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Princess Alice of Battenberg . At the time of his birth, his mother was The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh , the elder daughter of King George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon and his father was The Duke of Edinburgh (having not yet been created a Prince of the United Kingdom). His mother was Heiress Presumptive to the British throne at the time of the Prince's birth. The Prince was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 15 December 1948 by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Dr Geoffrey Fisher and his godparents were: King George VI , Queen Mary , Princess Margaret , the Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven , Hon. David Bowes-Lyon , Lady Brabourne , King Haakon VII of Norway (for whom the Earl of Athlone stood proxy) and Prince George of Greece (for whom Prince Philip stood proxy). Under letters patent issued by the Prince's great grandfather, King George V , the title of a British prince and the style His Royal Highness was only available to the children and grandchildren in the male-line of the sovereign and the eldest son of the Prince of Wales. As Charles was a female-line grandchild of the sovereign, he would have taken his title from his father, The Duke of Edinburgh, and would have been styled by courtesy as Earl of Merioneth . However the title of Prince and Princess, with the style HRH was granted to all the children of Princess Elizabeth by new letters patent issued by King George VI. In this way the children of the heiress presumptive had a royal and princely status not thought necessary for the children of King George VI's other daughter, Princess Margaret . Thus from birth Charles was known as His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Edinburgh. Styles of [ edit ] Early life In 1952, his mother assumed the throne, becoming Queen Elizabeth II . Prince Charles immediately became Duke of Cornwall under a charter of King Edward III , which gave that title to the Sovereign's eldest son, and was then referred to as HRH The Duke of Cornwall. He also became, in the Scottish Peerage, Duke of Rothesay , Earl of Carrick and Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland . The Duke of Cornwall was now the heir apparent to the throne. He attended his mother’s coronation at Westminster Abbey , sitting with his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother and his aunt, The Princess Margaret . [ edit ] School As with ro	Frequently Asked Questions about the Arthurian Legends \| Robbins Library Digital Projects Robbins Library Digital Projects › Camelot Project › Frequently Asked Questions about the Arthurian Legends › Frequently Asked Questions about the Arthurian Legends Frequently Asked Questions about the Arthurian Legends by: Alan Lupack (Author) [The following are questions frequently asked of librarians who provide "chat" reference service in Rush Rhees Library at the University of Rochester. The answers have been provided by Alan Lupack (alupack@library.rochester.edu) .] Who was King Arthur and when/where did he live? Is there historical evidence of his existence? Traditionally called King Arthur, an early chronicler called Nennius refers to him as 'dux bellorum', a term designating a military leader rather than a king. Nennius also names Arthur as the victor in a series of twelve battles against the Saxons, which culminate in a decisive victory at Mount Badon. The early Welsh tale Culhwch and Olwen depicts him as the leader of a group of semi-mythological warriors with super powers. Welsh saints's lives sometimes portray him as an enemy of the church, who commandeers its treasures to support his wars. How much, if any, historicity can be assigned to Arthur is a matter of debate. Some have suggested that a person who lived earlier than or contemporary with the time usually associated with Arthur (the late 5th or early 6th century) performed deeds that became attached to a fictional 'Arthur'. Geoffrey Ashe, for example, has called attention to a figure referred to as 'Riothamus', a title meaning 'high king', who led an army to the continent and who, Ashe speculates, may have been associated with Arthur by Geoffrey of Monmouth (the author of a "history" of the kings of Britain, a work which introduces into the tradition many fictional elements that are now seen as essential parts of the story of Arthur). (Ashe puts forth this theory in The Discovery of King Arthur [1985].) Other scholars believe that the Arthurian legends are not based on any real person. If Arthur or someone who inspired the legends of Arthur did exist, he would have been a warrior of the late fifth and/or early sixth centuries and not the sort of person often depicted in literature, a king living in a castle with knights in shining armor serving him. Who was Guinevere? Did King Arthur have other lovers? Guinevere is Arthur's wife and queen; according to the Vulgate Cycle and Malory, she is the daughter of Leodegrance of Carmelide. Though one of the Welsh Triads (Triad 56) speaks of Arthur's three great queens (all named Gwenhwyfar), later romance generally gives him only one wife named Guinevere. Geoffrey of Monmouth introduces the notion of Guinevere's infidelity (with Modred) while Arthur is fighting on the continent. In Chrétien's Lancelot, Guinevere becomes Lancelot's lover after he rescues her from Meleagant. Generally (though not always) in the romance tradition, Guinevere is portrayed as Lancelot's lover. In the Vulgate Cycle, the first meeting between Guinevere and Lancelot is arranged by Galehaut. She is later accused of not being the true Guinevere by the illegitimate daughter of her father Leodagan and the wife of his seneschal. When Arthur falls in love with the False Guinevere and accepts her as his queen, Guinevere is protected by Lancelot and Galehaut until the truth is revealed. Malory's Guinevere is jealous and demanding but also a true lover. Her jealousy and anger drive Lancelot mad and lead her to say she wishes he were dead. Nevertheless, she remains true to him. She is accused several times of crimes-infidelity and the murder of Mador's relative-and must be saved by Lancelot, as she is once again when their love is discovered and she is sentenced to be burned at the stake. When Mordred rebels against Arthur and attempts to marry her, she flees first to the Tower of London and then to the nunnery at Amesbury, where she becomes abbess. Lancelot visits her there after the death of Arthur, but she asks him to leave and never to return and refuses	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,654	The ‘Wolf Moon’ is the name of the full moon which occurs during which month of the year?	Full Moon Names and Their Meanings - Farmers' Almanac Email Address: Verify Email: Thank you! You're all set to receive updates from the us! To make sure you receive our emails properly, you may want to add newsletter@farmersalmanac.com to your email address book. You are here: Home » Full Moon Names and Their Meanings Full Moon Names and Their Meanings Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Add to Google+ Share on Pinterest Subscribe by Email Print This Post Full Moon names date back to Native Americans, of what is now the northern and eastern United States. The tribes kept track of the seasons by giving distinctive names to each recurring full Moon. Their names were applied to the entire month in which each occurred. There was some variation in the Moon names, but in general, the same ones were current throughout the Algonquin tribes from New England to Lake Superior. European settlers followed that custom and created some of their own names. Since the lunar month is only 29 days long on the average, the full Moon dates shift from year to year. Here is the Farmers Almanac’s list of the full Moon names. – Full Wolf Moon – January Amid the cold and deep snows of midwinter, the wolf packs howled hungrily outside Indian villages. Thus, the name for January’s full Moon. Sometimes it was also referred to as the Old Moon, or the Moon After Yule. Some called it the Full Snow Moon, but most tribes applied that name to the next Moon. – Full Snow Moon – February Since the heaviest snow usually falls during this month, native tribes of the north and east most often called February’s full Moon the Full Snow Moon. Some tribes also referred to this Moon as the Full Hunger Moon, since harsh weather conditions in their areas made hunting very difficult. – Full Worm Moon – March As the temperature begins to warm and the ground begins to thaw, earthworm casts appear, heralding the return of the robins. The more northern tribes knew this Moon as the Full Crow Moon, when the cawing of crows signaled the end of winter; or the Full Crust Moon, because the snow cover becomes crusted from thawing by day and freezing at night. The Full Sap Moon, marking the time of tapping maple trees, is another variation. To the settlers, it was also known as the Lenten Moon, and was considered to be the last full Moon of winter. – Full Pink Moon – April This name came from the herb moss pink, or wild ground phlox, which is one of the earliest widespread flowers of the spring. Other names for this month’s celestial body include the Full Sprouting Grass Moon, the Egg Moon, and among coastal tribes the Full Fish Moon, because this was the time that the shad swam upstream to spawn. – Full Flower Moon – May In most areas, flowers are abundant everywhere during this time. Thus, the name of this Moon. Other names include the Full Corn Planting Moon, or the Milk Moon. – Full Strawberry Moon – June This name was universal to every Algonquin tribe. However, in Europe they called it the Rose Moon. Also because the relatively short season for harvesting strawberries comes each year during the month of June . . . so the full Moon that occurs during that month was christened for the strawberry! – The Full Buck Moon – July July is normally the month when the new antlers of buck deer push out of their foreheads in coatings of velvety fur. It was also often called the Full Thunder Moon, for the reason that thunderstorms are most frequent during this time. Another name for this month’s Moon was the Full Hay Moon. – Full Sturgeon Moon – August The fishing tribes are given credit for the naming of this Moon, since sturgeon, a large fish of the Great Lakes and other major bodies of water, were most readily caught during this month. A few tribes knew it as the Full Red Moon because, as the Moon rises, it appears reddish through any sultry haze. It was also called the Green Corn Moon or Grain Moon. – Full Corn Moon or Full Harvest Moon – September This full moon’s name is attributed to Native Americans because it marked when corn was supposed to be harvested. Most often, the September	12 Months of the Year Calendar with holidays worldwide Tracking the Moon's Orbit The months of the year originated as a way to mark time and break up the seasons into shorter periods based on the Moon’s orbit around the Earth. Months were invented and first used in Mesopotamia to measure the natural period related to the cycle of the moon. Names of full moons The addition of January and February moved the months September , October , November , and December to later in the year so they no longer correspond with the original meaning of their names. In the Roman calendar their original names in Latin mean the “seventh”, “eighth”, “ninth”, and “tenth” month. Is there a perfect calendar? There are many calendars that use months to divide up the year. The Islamic calendar, the Hebrew calendar, and the Hindu calendar are a few examples. Although the Gregorian calendar is the most commonly used calendar today, other calendars are still used to calculate certain holidays and annual feasts to correspond with the Gregorian calendar. Old Names of Months Months in the ancient Roman calendar include: Mercedonius - an occasional month after February that would be used to realign the Roman calendar. Today we use Leap Day for this alignment. Quintilis - renamed July in honor of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Sextilis - renamed August in honor of Roman Emperor Augustus in 8 BCE. How Many Have 28, 30, or 31 Days? The Gregorian calendar has 4 months that are 30 days long and 7 months that are 31 days long. February is the only month that is 28 days long in common years and 29 days long in leap years. The 12 Months of the Year The Gregorian calendar and the Julian calendar both consist of the following twelve months:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,655	Which celebrity has been named as the replacement for Paula Abduhl on American Idol?	Ellen DeGeneres Replacing Paula Abdul on <em>Idol</em> POLL: What Do You Think of Ellen on Idol? Two Jobs “I’m going to have a day job and a night job,” DeGeneres said at her talk show taping Wednesday, assuring her audience that The Ellen DeGeneres Show will continue. “This is so exciting for me.” Abdul abruptly announced in August, just before the start of American Idol‘s ninth season, that with “sadness in my heart” she was leaving the highly rated show hosted by Ryan Seacrest. In the taping for Thursday’s Ellen DeGeneres Show, DeGeneres said the deal had been in the works for the last couple of weeks. “I’ve been dying to tell everyone,” she says. “It’s just been so hard to keep it a secret and we just finally got the OK and I’m so excited. It is going to be so much fun.” PHOTOS: Ellen & Portia’s Wedding Album The People’s Voice She said she’s been a longtime fan of the show – “I have not missed one episode” – and she plans to serve as the voice of the regular audience member. “Hopefully I’m the people’s point of view because I’m just like you,” DeGeneres says. “I sit at home and I watch it. I’m not looking at it in a critical way from the producer’s mind. I’m looking at it as a person who is going to buy the music and is going to relate to that person. The next season of American Idol begins in January. In the statement released by Fox, Idol creator and executive producer Simon Fuller says, “Ellen has been a fan of the show for many years, and her love of music and understanding of the American public will bring a unique human touch to our judging panel.” Show Full Article	1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? - Liverpool Echo News 1. What is the name of the hit show based on the songs of Abba? 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which “G” is the name of the Italian astronomer who improved the telescope so much as to discover that there were craters on the moon? 3. For which series of films were the actors Kenneth Williams and Sid James best known? 4. What is the name given to the largest bee in a hive? 5. Which alternative word for the Devil is a Hebrew word with translates as “Lord Of The Flies”? 6. On which TV island might you have found actor Ricardo Montalban? 7. Mozart’s opera, which was a continuation of The Barber Of Seville, was called The Marriage Of . . . who? 8. What is the nearest planet to the Sun? 9. What was the name of the road sweeper played by Roger Lloyd-Pack in Only Fools And Horses? 10. What connects the answers above? 11. What was the nickname of the first Spice Girl to go solo? 12. Which of the following events did Carl Lewis not win a gold medal for at the 1984 Olympics? Long Jump, 400m or 100m relay? 13. Which two actors were nominated for best actor awards at the Oscars in 1991, both for playing wheelchair-bound characters? 14. How is Eldrick Woods better known? 15. Who did Iain Duncan Smith beat in September, 2001, to become the leader of the Conservative Party? 16. Who was the main villain in the cartoon Wacky Races? 17. When the band Hear‘say formed, who was the oldest member at 24? 18. What is the name of the third book of the Bible? 19. What was advertised with Eva Herzagovia using the slogan “hello boys”? 20. Which model gave birth to her daughter, Lola, in September, 2002? 21. “All children, except one, grow up” is the opening line from which famous story? 22. How are Fizz, Milo, Jake and Bella better known collectively? 23. What number on the Beaufort Scale represents a hurricane? 24. In which film did Jodie Foster play a character called Tallulah? 25. What is pathophobia the fear of? 26. What was the title of the TV show Bonanza changed to? 27. What mountain range is the natural habitat of the llama? 28. What nationality was scientist Marie Curie? 29. Who played the title role in the TV series Worzel Gummidge? 30. Which toy was originally called the Pluto Platter when it was first introduced in 1957? 1. Mama Mia; 2. Galileo; 3. Carry On; 4. Queen; 5. Beelzebub; 6. Fantasy; 7. Figaro; 8. Mercury; 9. Trigger; 10. The song Bohemian Rhapsody; 11. Ginger Spice; 12. 400m; 13. Tom Cruise (for Born On The Fourth Of July) and Daniel Day-Lewis (for My Left Foot); 14. Tiger Woods; 15. Ken Clarke; 16. Dick Dastardly; 17. Kym Marsh; 18. Leviticus; 19. The Wonderbra; 20. Kate Moss; 21. Peter Pan; 22. The Tweenies; 23. 12; 24. Bugsy Malone; 25. Illness; 26. Ponderosa; 27. Andes; 28. Polish; 29. Jon Pertwee; 30. Frisbee Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,656	By population what is the second city of Belgium?	Belgium’s second city has a charm that’s all its own \| World Travel Blog You are here: Home » Countries & Places » Belgium » Belgium’s second city has a charm that’s all its own Belgium’s second city has a charm that’s all its own Posted Saturday 16th February 2013by Nige Burton A visit to Antwerp can yield some impressive treasures… While it may not enjoy the picturesque reputation jealously guarded by cities such as Bruges and Ghent, or the cosmopolitan fabulosity that is Brussels, Antwerp – Belgium’s second city – does have a charm that is all its own. Ignore the popular travel guide rants about its industrial and commercial nature, and knuckle down to the breathtaking beauty of the Grote Markt, the Groenplaats, the Cathedral of Our Lady and the Carolus Borromeus church among other picture perfect highlights, and you have a mighty metropolis that can still pack a punch. Reinvented by the young and trendy for all of us, Antwerp – or, literally, ‘thrown hand’ – boasts over 400 bars and night spots, and a plethora of eateries to invigorate even the most jaded of tourists and put that magical Belgian smile on your clock. Most major attractions and many of the superb museums are within walking distance of each other, and the city is well served by its tram network. Taxis won’t set you back a fortune either if you fancy a bit of lazy decadence. Taken on balance, Antwerp isn’t the finest Flemish city you’ll ever visit, but it is certainly not the dullest, and is worthy of full exploration. And let’s face it: any city whose name is derived from a legend where a local young hero like Brabo squares up to the loathsome toll-taking giant Antigoon, ripping off his hand and throwing it into the River Scheldt, has to be worth a look. World Travel Blog especially recommends: Taverne Rubens Housed in one of the city’s great gothic buildings, this gem of a restaurant café will keep you coming back for more…	Copenhagen: Host city of UN Climate Change Conference Copenhagen: Host city of UN Climate Change Conference (Xinhua) Large Medium Small HELSINKI: The 15th United Nations Climate Change Conference will take place from 7 to 18 December in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, with the international community seeking agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Xinhua reporters visited the city at the end of November to check the pre-session atmosphere of this famous Nordic city. Related readings: UN leader still has high expectations for Copenhagen climate summit Denmark says leaders from 98 of the 192 members of the UN, including US President Barrack Obama and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, have confirmed their attendance, with about 12,000 delegates and specialists from more than 170 countries planning to join the event as well. About 3,000 journalists and correspondents have already arrived in the host city and more are expected. Participants are committed to sorting out a new arrangement for tackling global warming and its impact beyond 2012, when existing commitments under the Kyoto Protocol expire. Bella Center, the venue of the conference, situated in the city's south, is among Europe's leading exhibition and meeting centers, with a total capacity of 20,000. A giant wind turbine, the symbol of Bella Center, stands in front of the building, whose main entrance is decorated with a full-size fan blade. In keeping with its upcoming role, Bella Center, originally built in the high-energy consumption tradition of the past, has been seeking to green its operations by exploring measures to minimize environmental impacts and maximize the efficient consumption of raw materials, water and other energy resources. With a "Green City" reputation, Copenhagen has been actively tapping ideas to cope with climate change. In March of this year, Copenhagen's municipal administration outlined its ambitious intention to become the world's first carbon-neutral city by 2025. On the ground in the square at City Hall, this carbon-neutral goal is strikingly written on a big footprint. Also well-known as "Cycle City", over a third of residents here commute by bicycle on weekdays to office or school. The number cyclists is impressive and the Copenhagen City Museum has promoted this with an exhibition to display the city's history "on bikes" and its long cycling tradition. Prior to next week's global summit, Copenhagen has launched a series of such campaigns to promote the summit and publicize knowledge of environmental protection, according to the city's authority. The world's largest container shipping company, Copenhagen-based conglomerate AP Moller-Maersk, offered an exhibition in the square of the downtown pedestrian street by using a remodeled container as an exhibition platform. The exhibition contributes to raising public awareness about the impact of climate change and the urgent need for environmental protection, by telling visitors in vivid and intuitive ways that a single 15km drive to the electronics store in a neighboring block emits much more carbon gases than the entire sail from Asia to Europe. In the famous King's New Square, located in downtown Copenhagen, there are 16 creative and colorful models of the Earth, which attractively draws people's attention. These are "Cool Globes", presented by the Art and Environmental Exhibition, in an effort to stimulate the public to get involved in carbon emissions reduction and energy saving, even in small ways, to prevent the global climate from further deterioration. On the other side of the square, a large-scale photo exhibition "100 Places to Remember Before They Disappear" grabs the attention of citizens and tourists. The photos show 100 places on earth facing the risk of disappearance within next few generations due to climate change and other influences from human activities, to warn people that living conditions will be dramatically changed as a consequence of climate change. The United Nations Climate Change Conference is by far the largest international conference held in Denmark	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,657	Which military battle saw eleven Victoria Crosses awarded, the most for any single action?	Rorke's Drift, 1879 - The highest number of Victoria Crosses awarded in a single action You have visited rorkesdriftvc.com times. This action was at Rorke's Drift, Wednesday 22- Thursday 23 January, 1879, when some 150 soldiers defended a supply station against some 4000 Zulus, aided by the Martini-Henry rifle 'with some guts behind it'. Since the Victoria Cross was instigated by Queen Victoria in 1856, only 1358 have been awarded (the double awards for Arthur Martin-Leake , Charles Hazlitt Upham and Noel Godfrey Chavasse are included in the total). UPDATE: RDVC.com supports the forces charity Help for Heroes - you can donate online here: more details : At Rorke's Drift , eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded. Seven to the 2nd Battalion, 24th (2nd Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot, one to the Army Medical Department, one to the Royal Engineers, one to the Commissariat and Transport Department and one to the Natal Native Contingent. (click here to find out more...) There may possibly have been more VC's awarded but the posthumous VC was only started in 1905, among the first recipients in 1907 were Lts Melvill and Coghill who were killed whilst saving the colours from Isandhlwana on the 22nd. of January. One other VC winner on the 22nd. of January was a Private Samuel Wassall from Birmingham. He rescued a comrade who was drowning in the Buffalo River during the retreat from Isandhlwana. He went on to live until he was 70. He is buried in The Barrow-in-Furness cemetery, section 3.B. plot 1952. There was another VC winner who died at Isandhlwana. He was Private William Griffiths, born in Ireland. He won his VC in 1867 at Little Andaman Island. His grave is unmarked on the battlefield at Isandhlwana. The action at Rorke's Drift is well covered by the numerous publications and web sites which are devoted to the subject as well as the details of the lives of the VC recipients and their action in the defence. These are well worth exploring for the information which they give, and there is an extensive list of links available. My only aim, as an amateur enthusiast, is to offer the chance to bring tangible reality to those who have an interest in the subject. To visit the graves of the VC recipients allows one to make some contact with the participants of this historic event. My interest with the individuals involved led me to visit the graves of all the VC winners of Rorke's Drift who are buried in this country, as well as the grave of Dalton in South Africa whilst on our visit to Rorke's Drift . You will also see that there are sections for other interesting aspects of the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, as it is very difficult to remain specialised! My next project is to visit the grave of Bromhead in Allahabad, in India. One, (Cpl. Schiess NNC) , was buried at sea off the coast of Angola. The links on the left form as accurate a guide as I can give to anyone who is interested in visiting the graves of the VC Defenders of Rorke's Drift, along with information about the events leading up to the "immortal defence".	Royal Navy in the Mediterranean 1940-1941 (a) Plus 10 British destroyers at Gibraltar. (b) included 2 new battleships completing. (c) Plus over 60 large torpedo boats. Italy Declared War - Italy declared war on Britain and France on the 10th. Two weeks later France was out of the war. Still on the 10th, Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and South Africa declared war on Italy. France - Later in the month Italian forces invaded southern France but with little success. A Franco-Italian Armistice was signed on the 24th, and included provision for the demilitarisation of French naval bases in the Mediterranean. Malta - Italian aircraft carried out the first of the many raids on Malta on the 11th. Next day, the RAF made its first attacks on Italian mainland targets. 12th -The Mediterranean Fleet with “Warspite”, “Malaya”, “Eagle”, cruisers and destroyers sailed from Alexandria for a sweep against Italian shipping in the Eastern Mediterranean. South of Crete, light cruiser “CALYPSO” was torpedoed and sunk by Italian submarine “Bagnolini”. 13th - Mediterranean Fleet submarines operated out of Alexandria on patrol off Italian bases and soon lost three of their number (1-3). At the time mines were usually blamed, but it turned out Italian anti-submarine forces were far more effective than expected. The first loss was “ODIN” (1) off the Italian coast in the Gulf of Taranto, sunk by the guns and torpedoes of destroyer “Strale”. 16th - The second British submarine “GRAMPUS” (2), minelaying off Augusta, Sicily was caught and sunk by large torpedo boats “Circe” and “Clio”. 17th - Six Italian submarines [1-6] were sunk in the Mediterranean, half by the Royal Navy. However the first to go, “PROVANA” [1] was rammed and sunk off Oran, Algeria by French sloop “La	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,658	Who was the subject of an unsuccessful kidnapping attempt on Pall Mall, London, on 20 March 1974 by Ian Ball, who shot Inspector James Beaton (a bodyguard), Alex Callender (chauffeur), Brian McConnell (a passerby who intervened) and Police Constable Michael Hills?	Historical Notes. Ted Heath, my mum and that pot of red paint Richard Weight 25 years after his mother threw paint over Edward Heath, our correspondent landed a job with the former prime minister — researching his memoirs I FIRST encountered Ted Heath at the age of 4 when, clutching me in her arms, my mother threw a tin of red paint over him outside 10 Downing Street on his first day as Prime Minister of Great Britain. This was the time before security gates were put across the entrance to Downing Street, when curious crowds could still gather virtually on the Prime Minister’s doorstep. At 2pm on Saturday, June 20, 1970, Heath’s motorcade swept into the street. As he got out of his car, smiling and waving, the people packed around us cheered and stretched their necks for a view. Mum wasn’t cheering. Dressed in a red blouse and black skirt, she was grim-faced and silent as she reached into her shoulder bag and opened a small tin of emulsion with her door keys. On Heath’s first arrival the previous evening, after kissing hands with the Queen at Buckingham Palace, a nest of microphones and cameras had captured the pieties of his victory speech at the steps of No 10: “To govern is to serve . . . Our purpose is not to divide but to unite and, where there are differences, to bring reconciliation.” Unfortunately for Heath, my mother had no wish to be served by him or to be reconciled with those voting Conservative. His victory over Harold Wilson, in which he turned a Labour majority of nearly 100 into a Tory one of 30, was the biggest electoral upset since Attlee defeated Churchill in 1945. It also defined the era. Coming a few weeks after the Beatles split up, and four days after England were knocked out of the World Cup by West Germany, it seemed to confirm that the vibrant, freewheeling optimism of the Sixties had ended. Thirteen million people had voted for Heath, heeding his warning that the British economy was in a perilous state. My mother was not a member of the Labour Party or politically active in any way. But as an 18-year-old university student she had voted Labour at the general election of 1964, and was upset by the triumphal glee at Wilson’s downfall. The memories of my mother’s protest are the most vivid of my early childhood. The acrid smell of slopping emulsion hit my nostrils as she carried me forward through the crowd, then broke past the police cordon and ran up to where Heath and his entourage were standing on the pavement. Saying nothing, she hurled paint over the new Prime Minister, who ducked and raised an arm to protect himself, then, realising he had not been hurt, said: “That was a stupid thing to do, wasn ’t it?”, as if admonishing a niece for writing on the wall. As well as decorating his blue suit, red paint splashed on to the limousine that had just delivered him to Downing Street, and on to William Whitelaw, who was standing by his side. A furious Whitelaw hissed: “You f***ing bitch!” with a venom that she never forgot as he and a bodyguard bustled Heath through the door of No 10. Then pandemonium began. Tory matrons in the crowd shouted at Mum and tried to hit her as policemen swooped down to separate the two of us. Spattered with paint and terrified, I screamed: “I want my mummy!” so hard that I was given back to her. Seconds later, we were bundled into a van and driven to Cannon Row Police Station. I was reassured that Mum was just answering a few questions because she’d been “naughty”, and was scrubbed down in a sink by a policewoman, then given fresh clothes and a fry-up from the station canteen, a rare treat for a little boy from a vegetarian household. (Most of our relatives were carnivorous Tory-voting Norfolk farmers, who were furious with Mum for what she did.) My mother was charged with four offences: threatening behaviour, possessing an offensive weapon (the paint pot), wilful damage to one suit (valued at £32), and 54 shillings’ worth of damage to an official car. After an unpleasant couple of nights in the cells at Cannon Row, she appeared at Bow Street Court the next Monday. The m	On This Day 1926: The first greyhound meeting with a mechanical hare took place at Belle Vue, Manchester. 2000: Portugal midfielder Luis Figo, star of Euro 2000, became the world's most expensive footballer when he joined Real Madrid for £37million from Barcelona. 2005: Australia won the first Ashes Test at Lord's by 239 runs. England recovered to win a memorable series 2-1. 2005: Lance Armstrong won a record seventh successive Tour de France - his final Tour before his temporary retirement. He was later stripped of all his titles after evidence of his doping emerged. 2009: England midfielder Steven Gerrard was found not guilty of affray by a jury at Liverpool Crown Court. 2010: Down thrashed Sligo in round four of the SFC qualifiers, winning by 3-20 to 0-10. 2010: Former world snooker champion Alex Higgins died at the age of 61. 2014: Brothers Alastair and Jonny Brownlee finished first and second for England in the Commonwealth Games men's triathlon in Glasgow. Birthdays Zaheer Abbas (cricket) - former Pakistan and Gloucestershire batsman, born 1947. Jim Leighton (soccer) - former Manchester United, Aberdeen and Scotland goalkeeper, born 1958. Barry Bonds (baseball) - controversial former San Francisco Giants star, holder of the all-time record for home runs in Major League, born 1964. Martin Keown (soccer) - former Arsenal and England defender, born 1966. Steven Richardson (golf) - played in 1991 Ryder Cup, born 1966. Dino Baggio (soccer) - former Italy midfielder who had a brief spell on loan at Blackburn in 2003, born 1971. Daniele De Rossi (soccer) - Roma and Italy midfielder, born 1983. Lukas Rosol (tennis) - Czech world number 54, famous for defeating Rafael Nadal at Wimbledon in 2012, born 1985. Quick Quiz Blitz 1 Which three football clubs have won all four English divisional titles? 2 Australia fast bowler Shaun Tait is playing for which county in this summer's NatWest T20 Blast? 3 British number one women's tennis player Johanna Konta was born in which city? 4 Who has been the top jockey at the Cheltenham Festival for eight of the last nine years? 5 Who scored the goal for Tipperary in All-Ireland SFC success over Derry? Sport on TV Today (Sunday, July 24) GAA: The Sunday Game Live - RTE 1 (1.30pm) - Waterford v Wexford (Throw-in 2.00pm) and Galway v Clare (Throw-in 4.00pm); The Sunday Game - RTE 2 - 21.30 SOCCER: International Champions Cup, Inter Milan v Paris St Germain - Sky Sports 1 2200; Euro Under-19s final - Eurosport 1 1905; MLS, New York Red Bulls v New York City FC - Sky Sports 3 1755, Sporting Kansas City v Seattle Sounders - Sky Sports 3 2000; Women's Super League, Notts County v Man City - BT Sport 1 1530. CRICKET: Second Test, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; First Test, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 5 1455. GOLF: PGA Tour, Canadian Open - Sky Sports 4 1800; Senior Open, Carnoustie - Sky Sports 4 1330; LPGA Tour, Scottish Open - Sky Sports 4 1030. CYCLING: Tour de France stage 21 - ITV4 1300, Eurosport 1 1530, ITV4 1200, S4C 1600; Tour de France women's 90km race - Eurosport 1 1330. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Citi Open - Sky Sports 2 2000; WTA Tour - Stanford Classic, BT Sport 1 2200. MOTOR RACING: Formula One, Hungarian Grand Prix race - Channel 4 1200, Sky Sports F1 1230. ATHLETICS: World Junior Championships, Bydgoszcz - Eurosport 2 2115. MOTORCYCLE RACING: British Superbikes - Eurosport 2 1230. DARTS: World Matchplay - Sky Sports 1 1900. SAILING: America's Cup World Series - BT Sport 1 1245. BASEBALL: MLB - BT Sport/ESPN 1800, BT Sport 2 1900, Los Angeles Dodgers v St Louis Cardinals BT Sport/ESPN 0100 (Mon). Tomorrow (Monday, July 25) CRICKET: Fourth day of the second Investec Test from Old Trafford, England v Pakistan - Sky Sports 2 1030; final day of the first Test from North Sound, West Indies v India - Sky Sports 1 1455. SOCCER: Betfred Cup first round, Rangers v Stranraer - BT Sport 1 1915. TENNIS: ATP Tour, Rogers Cup from Toronto - Sky Sports 3 1600; WTA Tour, Rogers Cup from Montreal - BT Sport 2 1730, BT Sport 1 0000 (Tue). CYCLING: Tour de Wallonie stage three - Eurosport 2 1415.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,659	A Russian rouble is divided into 100 …..what?	ExchangeRate.com - Currency Information Russian Ruble 15 kopek -pyatialtnny (5 altyn; the usage lived longer than altyn) 20 kopek -dvugrvenny (2 grivenniks) 25 kopek -polupoltnnik (half poltnnik) or chetvertak (from the Russian for ¼) 50 kopek -poltna or poltnnik The amount of 10 rubles (in either bill or coin) is sometimes informally referred to as a chervonets. Historically, it was the name for the first Russian 3-ruble gold coin issued for general circulation in 1701. The current meaning comes from Soviet golden chervonets issued in 1923 that was equivalent to the pre-revolution 10 gold rubles. All these names are obsolete. The practice of using the old kopek coin names for amounts in rubles is now not very common. In modern Russian slang only these names are used: 1 ruble -Tselkovy , meaning "entire" or "whole" 5 rubles -Pyatyorka , "Pyatfan" 500 rubles -Pyatikhatka , originally pyatikatka 1000 rubles -Shtka or Kosar and a hybrid Shtukar ; "Tonna"(mostly in St. Peterbourg) 500,000 rubles -Pol-limona (a half of limon) 1,000,000 rubles -Limon 1,000,000,000 rubles -Yard The sixth term derived from five Catherines. Katya (Catherina) having been a slang name for the 100 ruble note in tsarist Russia, as the note had a picture of Catherine II on it. The biggest denomination note as for September, 2009 is 5000 rubles, so all the higher amount nicknames refer to amount and not coin or paper note. Warning: Most of these definitions, i.e. Chirik, Poltos, Pyatikatka, and Kosar come from jail slang Fenya. It is a quite vulgar manner of speaking. Currency symbol A currency symbol was used for the ruble between the 16th century and the 18th century. The symbol consisted of the Russian letters "P" (rotated by 90ÃâÃÂ° counter-clockwise) and "Y" (written on top of it). The symbol was placed over the amount number to which belonged to. This symbol, however, fell into disuse during the 19th century onward.No official symbol was used during the final years of the Empire, nor was one introduced in the Soviet Union. The characters R and py6 were utilized and remain so today, though they are not official. In July 2007, the Central Bank of Russia announced that it would decide on a symbol for the ruble. The bank will test 13 symbols for the ruble. This includes the symbol PP (RR in Russian for Russian Ruble), which has received preliminary approval from the Central Bank.However, the people of Moscow have announced support for another tested symbol, a P with a horizontal stroke below the top similar to the Philippine peso sign.The sign has been lauded as simple, recognizable and similar to other currency signs. Another candidate for a ruble symbol was selected in a competition organized by the Russian News and Information Agency. The "Swanling" symbol was one of 20 winners of the competition and was also one of 8 winners of a competition organized by the website KM.RU in 2006. The symbol has no similarity to any other currency symbol. History First ruble, Antiquity -31 December 1921 The ruble has been the Russian unit of currency for about 500 years. From 1710, the ruble was divided into 100 kopeks.The amount of precious metal in a ruble varied over time. In a 1704 currency reform, Peter I standardized the ruble to 28 grams of silver. While ruble coins were silver, there were higher denominations minted of gold and platinum. By the end of the 18th century, the ruble was set to 4 zolotnik 21 dolya (almost exactly equal to 18 grams) of pure silver or 27 dolya (almost exactly equal to 1.2 grams) of pure gold, with a ratio of 15:1 for the values of the two metals. In 1828, platinum coins were introduced with 1 ruble equal to 77²/³ dolya (3.451 grams).On 17 December 1885, a new standard was adopted which did not change the silver ruble but reduced the gold content to 1.161 grams, pegging the gold ruble to the French franc at a rate of 1 ruble = 4 francs. This rate was revised in 1897 to 1 ruble = 2²/³ francs (0.774 grams gold). With the outbreak of the First World War, the gold standard peg was dropped and the ruble fell in value, suffering fr	U.S. Fed ships new $100 bills with anti-counterfeit features \| Reuters Tue Oct 8, 2013 \| 1:40 PM EDT U.S. Fed ships new $100 bills with anti-counterfeit features 1/2 The new U.S. $100 bill is introduced by Michelle Scipione, vice president of the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank Cash Services Department, during an event at the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial in Philadelphia October 8, 2013. Reuters/Tom Mihalek + 2/2 A combination photo shows the front and back of the newly designed $100 bill in these handout pictures obtained on April 24, 2013. Reuters/U.S. Treasury Department/Handout + By Ian Simpson \| WASHINGTON WASHINGTON The Federal Reserve began supplying banks on Tuesday with billions of redesigned $100 bills that incorporate advanced anti-counterfeiting features, the U.S. central bank said. The notes, which retain the image of American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin, include two new security features - a blue three-dimensional security ribbon with images of bells and 100s, and a color-changing bell in an inkwell, the Fed said in a statement. The $100 bills, the biggest U.S. denomination known in American slang as "Benjamins," also keep security features from the previous design, such as a watermark. "The new design incorporates security features that make it easier to authenticate, but harder to replicate," said Federal Reserve Board Governor Jerome Powell said in a statement. U.S. officials have said the $100 note is the most frequently counterfeited denomination of U.S. currency outside the United States due to its broad circulation overseas. In the United States, the $20 bill is the most frequently counterfeited note. Sonja Danburg, program manager for U.S. currency education at the Fed, said about 3.5 billion new $100 bills had been stockpiled. There are about $900 billion in $100 notes in circulation, with half to two-thirds outside the United States, she said. The United States has about $1.15 trillion in genuine currency in circulation, and less than 1/100th of 1 percent of that value is counterfeit, Danburg said. Benjamins are the highest-denominated notes issued by the Federal Reserve since the United States stopped issuing $500, $1,000 and $10,000 notes in 1969. The new bills have been in development since 2003. The new bills cost about 12.5 cents each to make, 5 cents more than the previous notes because of the greater complexity of the design, Danburg said. The average $100 bill lasts about 15 years before wearing out and being pulled from circulation. The more frequently handled $1 note lasts about six years, Danburg said. The Fed said people with old bills did not need to trade them in for new ones since all designs of U.S. currency remained legal tender. (Reporting by Ian Simpson; Editing by Scott Malone; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick and David Gregorio) ADVERTISEMENT	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,660	According to Andy Warhol, in the future, how long will everyone be famous for?	Did Andy Warhol get his 15 minutes of fame by ripping off someone else's saying? \| Daily Mail Online Did Andy Warhol get his 15 minutes of fame by ripping off someone else's saying? Doubts have been cast that the pop artist coined the phrase himself Numerous accounts to the origin of the '15 minutes' quote unearthed An art critic says Warhol may have heard the phrase as a teenager comments An iconic quote attributed to Andy Warhol - 'In the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes' - may not have actually been said by the influential pop artist. The painter, sculptor and film maker, who died in 1987, was first credited with the phrase in a brochure at a 1968 exhibition of his work in Sweden. But prominent art critic Blake Glopnik has now cast doubt on its origins, citing the 1997 reminisences of fellow art expert and curator Ole Granath who was an assistant on the Warhol retrospective, held in Stockholm. Andy Warhol (right) may not have actually said: 'In the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes', according to an art critic The show's curator, Pontus Hulten, had told him to include 'In the future everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes' in the catalogue's compendium of Warhol quotes. Granath found no record of the quote. even after extensive research. 'If he didn't say it, he very well could have. Let's put it in,' Hulten reportedly said. Writing in the Warholiana blog, Glopnik said: 'So Andy's phrase was actually Hulten's – not so surprising, given that Hulten later faked some Warhol Brillo boxes.' Famous for more than 15 minutes: Andy Warhol's 1962 painting 'Orange Marilyn' Other accounts throw add further mystery to the origins of the quote. Philip Pearlstein, who was at art school with Warhol, revealed to Glopnik that he'd said something similar himself in 1946, when the two artists first met. Warhol, still a teenager, asked Pearlstein what it was like to be the winner of a national art competition for high school students. Warhol may have first heard a similar version of the phrase when he was just a teenager Pearlstein said: 'My spontaneous answer was, 'It only lasted five minutes'.' In 2005 photographer Nat Finkelstein claimed he was the source of the line. In 1965, during an outdoor photoshoot with Warhol, some people tried to push into the shot. 'Andy's looking at them and he says to me, "Gee whiz, Nat, everybody wants to be famous",' said Finkelstein. 'I say back, "Yeah, for about 15 minutes, Andy". He took that line. My quote became Andy Warhol's famous words.' However, in a book he published in 1989, Finkelstein said the artist had uttered the famous words during the shoot, making no mention of Warhol stealing his line. Glopnik says the murkiness of the phrase's origins fit in with the way Warhol took influences from a variety of sources. 'By the late 1970s, Warhol himself was mentioning the line (not always clearly as his) at various times and in various places and in various weird versions, even saying that he's grown bored with it,' he said. 'But that doesn't tell us much about whether he came up with it in the first place: Warhol, the world's greatest sponge, would hardly have proclaimed that he hadn't coined his trademark aphorism. Warhol's art and persona were all about the rewards of his sponging.' 'DID I REALLY SAY THAT?' - FALSELY ATTRIBUTED WORDS OF WISDOM 'Elementary, my dear Watson' – Sherlock Holmes This line never appeared in any of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's written works. In 1893's The Crooked Man, the words appear, but are separated by several lines of dialogue and are in the wrong order. 'Nice guys finish last' - US baseball manager Leo Durocher He actually said the words, but the meaning has been taken out of context. Durocher was asked his opinion of the 1946 New York Giants and replied: 'Take a look at them. All nice guys. They’ll finish last. Nice guys – finish last.' 'Just the facts, ma'am' - Sgt Friday in TV police show Dragnet Sgt Friday actually said: 'All we want are the facts, ma'am.' 'Not a lot of people know that' - Michael Caine, British ac	Sports Sports With which sport would you most associate the commentator Ted Lowe? The 'Green Jacket' is presented to the winner of which sporting event? From what bridge does the Oxford/Cambridge boat race start? In which Olympics did Steve Redgrave win his first Olympic gold medal? In what sport do players take long and short corners? By what name is Edson Arantes do Nascimento better known? For half a mark each, give the nationality and the team (2003) of Fernando Alonso, the youngest-ever grand prix winner? What is the 'perfect score' in a game of Ten Pin Bowling? Which current premier league football team had an obsolete nickname of the Glaziers? What is the name of the new Leicester Football club stadium? What is the highest-achieveable break in snooker?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,661	Which is the longest running Broadway musical in history?	What are the Longest Running Broadway Shows? \| Broadway.org Ticket Guide What are the Longest Running Broadway Shows? Broadway lovers worldwide often wonder what are the longest running Broadway shows. With such a rich and storied history, Broadway stages have showcased many long-running shows over the years. Several of the longest running shows are still playing today. The Phantom of the Opera The longest-running show in Broadway history officially opened on January 26, 1988 and is still playing at the Majestic The Andrew Lloyd Webber musical won 7 1988 Tony Awards® including Best Musical. The Phantom of the Opera tells the story of a young soprano who becomes the object of obsession of a disfigured musical genius in Paris. Cats Earning 7 1983 Tony Awards including Best Musical, Cats has been performed worldwide and translated into over 20 languages. The musical with a score by Andrew Lloyd Webber is loosely based on the T.S. Eliot book Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats. Cats closed on Broadway in September 2000. Chicago This jazz age musical first appeared on Broadway in 1975, running over two years before closing in 1977. The current revival, playing now at the Ambassador Theatre, opened in 1996 and is still going strong. Chicago earned 6 1996 Tony Awards including Best Revival of a Musical. In 1998, the musical earned a Grammy for Best Musical Show Album. The show is set in Prohibition times in Chicago and is a satire of the corruption found in the criminal justice system and the concept of “celebrity” criminals. Les Misérables The musical based on Victor Hugo’s novel tells the story of Jean Valjean, a French peasant in early 19th-century France who served 19 years in jail for stealing a loaf of bread. The show earned 8 1987 Tony Awards including Best Musical and received a Grammy for Best Musical Cast Show Album in 1988. The original Broadway production closed in 2003 and has been revived twice, the latest production opening in 2014. Other Long-Running Shows Also among the top 12 longest running Broadway shows are The Lion King (currently playing at the Minskoff Theatre), A Chorus Line (1975-1990), Beauty and the Beast (1994-2007), Rent (1996-2008), Mamma Mia! (currently playing at the Broadhurst Theatre), Oh, Calcutta! (1976-1989), Wicked (currently playing at the Gershwin Theatre) and Miss Saigon (1991-2001). The next longest-running Broadway show that is still playing is Jersey Boys, which opened on Broadway in 2005 at the August Wilson Theatre. If you would like to learn more about what are the longest running Broadway shows, visit Broadway.org, the official website for Broadway tickets and information.	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Lloyd Webber leads theatre list Lloyd Webber leads theatre list Andrew Lloyd Webber now runs 13 London theatres Composer Andrew Lloyd Webber has been named the most influential man in UK theatre for the fourth year in a row by industry newspaper The Stage. The 55-year-old has recently enjoyed success with Tell Me On A Sunday, with Denise Van Outen, as well as the lavish musical Bombay Dreams. "Lloyd Webber's reputation, fame, and composing talent gives him the edge," The Stage said. He is now working on a musical based on the novel The Woman in White. Lord Lloyd-Webber is also the biggest theatre owner in London's West End thanks to his Really Useful Group, which owns and manages 13 venues. He built up his empire in the 1970s and 1980s thanks to musicals such as Cats, Evita, and Starlight Express. Lord Lloyd-Webber was knighted in 1992 and made a life peer in 1997. Recently, he has used his weight to campaign for more help for West End theatres, complaining they cannot compete with the kind of grants being given to subsidised venues. He has also teamed up with fellow impresario Sir Cameron Mackintosh to campaign for better transport and policing in the West End.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,662	What popular East Asian food means 'bean curdled'?	Basic Foods in Southeast Asia : Recipes and Cooking : Food Network Basic Foods in Southeast Asia Basic Foods in Southeast Asia Email Banh mi: A take on the French casse-croûte (meaning "break crust," or sandwich), this Southeast Asian lunch favorite is made with a small baguette, split open lengthwise and filled with pickled carrots and daikon, fresh lettuce, cilantro, chili sauce and Vietnamese bologna, pâté and/or grilled lemongrass-flavored sliced pork. Basic Marinade: The delicious, authentic combination of equal parts palm sugar and fish sauce with grated garlic and lemongrass is used as a marinade for all sorts of proteins. Pork chops or chicken thighs, for example, are marinated for about 20 minutes, and then grilled and served with lime or lemon wedges on the side. Cabbage Salad: Popularly referred to as "Asian coleslaw," this refreshing shredded green cabbage salad is seasoned with fish sauce, sugar and freshly squeezed lime juice, and garnished with crushed peanuts and cilantro, mint or Thai basil leaves. Add leftover shredded or sliced roast chicken or pork, or steamed shrimp for a more filing version of the recipe. Coconut Tapioca Soup: This sweet coconut soup with tapioca pearls is often consumed as a snack or at the end of a wedding or birthday dinner. Served hot, at room temperature, or chilled, it is delicious topped with yellow corn kernels, or diced banana, taro root or sweet potato, and garnished with a light sprinkling of toasted sesame seeds. Curries: Coconut milk-based for the most part, curries play an important role in Southeast Asian cuisines. Ranging from mild to intensely hot and spicy, they often start with melting coconut butter and stir-frying a spice paste—commonly lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, garlic, turmeric and galangal with dry spices including coriander, cumin and fenugreek — followed by meat or vegetables. Coconut milk and occasionally stock is then added, and reduced until slightly thickened. Curries are often served with long-grain white rice, sticky short-grain rice or French baguette. Green Papaya Salad (or Green Mango Salad): Unripe green papaya or mango are often used like vegetables. Here either fruit is shredded or finely julienned and dressed in a sweet lime and fish sauce dressing. In a pinch, use readily-available and hard-to-the-touch mango. Nuoc cham: A sweet lime and fish sauce dipping sauce with sliced, chopped or minced fresh garlic and chilies, this ubiquitous table condiment is enjoyed throughout Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. It is great for dipping spring rolls and all sorts of lettuce-wrapped grilled meats and seafood. It is also a delicious alternative to classic salad dressings. Peanut Sauce: One of the most popular dipping sauces in Southeast Asia is made with dry roasted, unsalted peanuts, Hoisin sauce, fish sauce and coconut milk. Significant regional variations exist, for example the sauce can also be enhanced with garlic, shallots, chilies and red curry paste. Pickled vegetables: A cucumber, daikon, and carrot mix that is drained using salt, and marinated in sugar-sweetened rice vinegar. This is often had at the beginning of a meal to whet the appetite; or served as a vegetable main course over rice with a grilled protein such as fish, squid or pork. Raw Beef Salad: The beef here is more accurately spice-and-salt-cured rather than strictly raw. A specialty item, it is fragrant with fish sauce, or fish paste (prahok) combined with palm sugar, and tamarind. Loaded with fresh Thai basil, fresh mung bean sprouts, and sprinkled with crushed roasted peanuts; the beef is thinly sliced and mixed in. Rice Noodle Soups (K'way teao): Street food vendors' classic rice noodles soups are popular in many parts of Southeast Asia. Boiled, the noodles are set afloat a steaming beef, chicken, or pork-based broth, which is sometimes served separately on the side. The noodles are topped with thinly sliced beef, shrimp, squid or pork, or a combination of proteins, a handful of fresh mung bean sprouts are added. Garnished with fried shallots, or garlic oil, freshly torn herbs suc	Did you know Did you know Benjamin H. Day, founder of the first penny press in the USA French fries are not from France. They were first made in Belgium. A giraffe can go longer without water than a camel can. Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day. In New York State, it is illegal to shoot a rabbit from a moving trolley car. German Shepherds bite more humans than any other breed of dog. Elephant tusks grow throughout an elephant�s life and can weigh more than 200 pounds. Large kangaroos can cover more than 30 feet with each jump. The New York Sun newspaper first appeared, marking the beginning of the �penny press,� inexpensive newspapers sold on sidewalks by newspaper boys. The paper focused on human interest stories and sensationalism and by 1836 was the largest seller in America with a circulation of 30,000. Jupiter is the fastest spinning planet in our solar system rotating on average once in just under 10 hours. The two top selling spices in the world are pepper and mustard. Herring is the most widely eaten fish in the world. The first commercially manufactured breakfast cereal was Shredded Wheat. In 1987 the Jockey Club disqualified a horse that had eaten a Mars Bar. In 1927 when commercial telephone service was introduced between New York and London, the first three minutes of a call cost $75.00. Henry Ford�s first mass- produced car was the model N which sold for $500 in 1906. Sources: alltrivia.net; corsinet.com; historyplace.com; brainiest.com; triviacountry.com; photo::en.wikipedia.org September 4, 2015	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,663	What are 'Potemkin villages' which were purportedly erected at the direction of Russian minister Grigori Potemkin to impress Empress Catherine II during her visit to Crimea in 1787?	Potemkin village P Potemkin village Potemkin villages were purportedly fake settlements erected at the direction of Russian minister Grigory Potyomkin to fool Empress Catherine II during her visit to Crimea in 1787. According to this story, Potyomkin, who led the Crimean military campaign, had hollow facades of villages constructed along the desolate banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the monarch and her travel party with the value of her new conquests, thus enhancing his standing in the empress' eyes. General Potemkin villages Modern historians are divided on the degree of truth behind Potemkin villages. While tales of the fake villages are generally considered exaggerations, some historians dismiss them as malicious rumors spread by Potyomkin's opponents. These historians argue that Potyomkin did mount efforts to develop the Crimea and probably directed peasants to spruce up the riverfront in advance of the Empress's arrival. According to Simon Sebag-Montefiore, Potyomkin's most comprehensive English-language biographer, the tale of elaborate, fake settlements with glowing fires designed to comfort the monarch and her entourage as they surveyed the barren territory at night, is largely fictional. Some Russian historians hold a somewhat different view. Aleksandr Panchenko, an authoritative specialist on 19th century Russia, used original correspondence and memoirs to conclude that the myth of the Potemkin village has a basis in reality: "Potemkin really did build mock towns and villages, but he never denied that they were theatrical sets." Panchenko writes that "Potemkin's goal was to demonstrate that this vast region was already practically civilized, or was at least energetically becoming civilized," by showing a vision of what the area would become, using screens on which villages were painted and driving flocks of sheep each night to the next stop along the route. Also, the close relationship between Field Marshal Potyomkin and Empress Catherine made it likely that she was aware of the fictitious nature of the villages. Thus, the deception would have been mainly directed towards the foreign ambassadors accompanying the imperial party. Regardless, Potyomkin had in fact directed the building of fortresses , ships of the line , and thriving settlements, and the tour – which saw real and significant accomplishments – solidified his power. So, while "Potemkin village" has come to mean, especially in a political context, any hollow or false construct, physical or figurative, meant to hide an undesirable or potentially damaging situation, the phrase may not apply to its original context. Modern Uses "Potemkin village" has also frequently been used to describe the attempts of the Soviet government to fool foreign visitors. The government would take such visitors, who were often already sympathetic to socialism or communism, to select villages, factories, schools, stores, or neighborhoods and present them as if they were typical, rather than exceptional. Given the strict limitations on the movement of foreigners in the USSR, it was often impossible for these visitors to see any other examples. "Potemkin village" has also been used to describe states and cities whose low tax régimes allow international companies to base their headquarters there, but to conduct their real businesses elsewhere. Examples of Potemkin villages The Nazi German Theresienstadt concentration camp, called "the Paradise Ghetto" in World War II , was designed as a concentration camp that could be shown to the Red Cross , but was really a Potemkin village: attractive at first, but deceptive and ultimately lethal, with high death rates from malnutrition and contagious diseases. It ultimately served as a way-station to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Gijeong-dong, built by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) in the north half of the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Following the Manchurian Incident, and China 's referral of the Japanese occupation of Manchuria to the League of Nations in 1931, the League's representative was given a tour of th	1100-1199 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. 1100-1199 Which city does the statue of Jesus Christ, better known as Christ the Redeemer, overlook? Rio de Janeiro In an all-black cast, who played the role of Brick in the 2008 revival of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof"? Terrence Howard Advertisement ) What term describes the purchase of securities with borrowed money using the shares themselves as collateral? Buying on Margin In the sequence of presidential succession, who is next in line after the vice president? Speaker of the House Created by Ruth Handler, which 12-inch follower of fashion has been every girl's best friend since 1959? Barbie For which film did Kathy Bates win an Oscar in 1991? Misery Which country is home of port wine? Portugal The Mediterranean island of Cyprus is geographically part of which continent? Asia Which city was hit by the second American atomic bomb in 1945? Nagasaki What does a person with mythomania tend to? Tell lies What is the latin term for the science of languages? Linguistics Which Agatha Christie's fictional characters is the only one to have been given an obituary in the N.Y. Times? Hercule Poriot Guns N' Roses guitarist Saul Hudson is better known by what name? Slash Which land animal species lives the longest? Turtle Which militant Lebanese political group sparked a 2007 attack after capturing two Israeli soldiers? Hezbollah How many calories equal 42 Joules: about 1, 10 or 42? Ten Jumping and dressage are events in which Olympic competition? Equestrian What message delivery system did U.S. computer technician Raymond Tomlinson invent at the beginning of the 1970's? E-mail What is the gesture of submission, originating in imperial China, in which you kneel and touch the ground with your forehead? Kowtow On what sitcom did John Larroquette win three straight Best Supporting Actor Emmy Awards? Night Court What is the most distinctive exterior feature on a Russian Orthodox church? The Onion Dome Which 1957 Broadway musical is loosely based on Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"? West Side Story What is the name for the valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings? Price Earning Ratio What country issues gold coins called Krugerrands? South Africa In the 1960s, IBM designed a new typing head to reduce jams in typewriters. What shape was it? A ball Who directed "The Color Purple" in 1985? Steven Speilberg What does an oenologist specialize in? Wine What dam created Lake Mead, the largest man-made reservoir in the U.S.? Hoover Dam Named after the city where they signed the pact in 1955, where did eight eastern European states agree to form a political alliance? Warsaw What part of the body is affected by a swelling known as a periodontal disease? Gums Which Polynesian word means "forbidden"? Taboo Which novel by J.D. Salinger that is still controversial today features Holden Caulfield as the protagonist? The Catcher in the Rye According to the classic Van Morrison song, who "comes around here bout mid-night?" Gloria What is a tapaculo: a fish, a rodent or a bird? A bird Who did Hugo Chavez refer to as "the devil" in a 2006 speech to the UN General Assembly? George W. Bush Which temperature scale has its absolute zero at minus 273.15 degrees Celsius? Kelvin In which chess move are the rook and the king used at the same time? Castling Which frequency band uses the abbreviation "U.H.F." Ultra High Frequency In which country did T'ai Chi originate? China What character on NCIS is commonly referred to as "Ducky"? Dr. Mallard By what name is the collection of Egyptian tombs across the Nile from Luxor better known? Valley of the Kings "Les Miserables" is a musical based on a novel by which writer? Victor Hugo What term describes the simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset in order to profit from a difference in price? Arbitrage (riskless profit) What president extended a "Good Neighbor Policy" to countries in South America, Central America and the Carribean? Franklin Delano Roose	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,664	August 21st was the anniversary of Hawaii joining the union, the last state to do so, in what year?	Hawaii becomes 50th state - Aug 21, 1959 - HISTORY.com Hawaii becomes 50th state Publisher A+E Networks The modern United States receives its crowning star when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a proclamation admitting Hawaii into the Union as the 50th state. The president also issued an order for an American flag featuring 50 stars arranged in staggered rows: five six-star rows and four five-star rows. The new flag became official July 4, 1960. The first known settlers of the Hawaiian Islands were Polynesian voyagers who arrived sometime in the eighth century. In the early 18th century, American traders came to Hawaii to exploit the islands’ sandalwood, which was much valued in China at the time. In the 1830s, the sugar industry was introduced to Hawaii and by the mid 19th century had become well established. American missionaries and planters brought about great changes in Hawaiian political, cultural, economic, and religious life. In 1840, a constitutional monarchy was established, stripping the Hawaiian monarch of much of his authority. In 1893, a group of American expatriates and sugar planters supported by a division of U.S. Marines deposed Queen Liliuokalani, the last reigning monarch of Hawaii. One year later, the Republic of Hawaii was established as a U.S. protectorate with Hawaiian-born Sanford B. Dole as president. Many in Congress opposed the formal annexation of Hawaii, and it was not until 1898, following the use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the Spanish-American War, that Hawaii’s strategic importance became evident and formal annexation was approved. Two years later, Hawaii was organized into a formal U.S. territory. During World War II, Hawaii became firmly ensconced in the American national identity following the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. In March 1959, the U.S. government approved statehood for Hawaii, and in June the Hawaiian people voted by a wide majority to accept admittance into the United States. Two months later, Hawaii officially became the 50th state. Related Videos	California Admission Day September 9, 1850 Media Contacts California Admission Day September 9, 1850 In February of 1848, Mexico and the United States signed a treaty which ended the Mexican War and yielded a vast portion of the Southwest, including present day California, to the United States. Several days earlier, January 24, 1848, gold had been discovered on the American River near Sacramento, and the ensuing gold rush hastened California’s admittance to the Union. With the Gold Rush came a huge increase in population and a pressing need for civil government. In 1849, Californians sought statehood and, after heated debate in the U.S. Congress arising out of the slavery issue, California entered the Union as a free, nonslavery state by the Compromise of 1850. California became the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The Golden State’s rich history has since been shaped by people of every ethnic background who traveled here seeking economic, social and educational opportunity, and a life of quality and breathtaking beauty. California situated its first capital in San Jose. The city did not have facilities ready for a proper capital, and the winter of 1850 - 1851 was unusually wet, causing the dirt roads to become muddy streams. The legislature was unsatisfied with the location, so former General and State Senator Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo donated land in the future city of Vallejo for a new capital; the legislature convened there for one week in 1852 and again for a month in 1853. Again, the facilities available were unsuitable to house a state government, and the capital was soon moved three miles away to the little town of Benicia, inland from the San Francisco Bay. The strait links San Pablo Bay to Grizzly and Suisun Bays deep in the interior. A lovely brick statehouse was built in old American style complete with white cupola. Although strategically sited between the Gold Rush territory of the Sierra Foothills and the financial port of San Francisco, the site was too small for expansion, and so the capital was moved further inland past the Sacramento River Delta to the riverside port of Sacramento in 1854. Sacramento was the site of John Sutter's large farm and his fort. In 1846, during the midst of the Bear Flag Revolt, the fort was an oasis. A war was being fought between American and Californio soldiers in the southern part of the province for control of California. But at Sutter's Fort, life on the frontier continued with rhythm of the seasons and arrival of new soldiers. The town was founded by John Sutter, Jr. while the elder Sutter was away, at the river's edge and downhill from the fort. Sutter Sr. was indignant since this place, shaded by water-needy Cottonwood trees, was often under water. Indeed, every hundred years or so, the whole Great Valley from Chico to Bakersfield, was one great freshwater sea. However, lots were already sold, so there the town of Sacramento stayed. At the end of the century, the streets were raised a full story, so buildings in Old Town Sacramento are now entered through what were once doors to the balconies shading the sidewalks below. The Greek word "Eureka" has appeared on the state seal since 1849, when California sought statehood, and means " I Have Found It ." The words were probably intended to refer to the discovery of gold in California. Archimedes, the famed Greek mathematician, is said to have exclaimed "Eureka" when, after long study, he discovered a method of determining the purity of gold. In 1957, attempts were made to establish "In God We Trust" as the state motto, but "Eureka" was made the official state motto in 1963. Related Pages Address: 1416 9th Street Sacramento, CA 95814 \| P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296 Public Information Inquiries: (916) 653-6995 \| (800) 777-0369	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,665	In what year did Indian troops storm the Golden Temple at Amritsar and Soviet Premier Yuri Andropov die?	1984CE \| WikiHistory - Free World History - From the dawn of the Earth until now! Medical Research Council scientists decipher the complete DNA sequence of the Epstein-Barr virus, 170 kb. § Africa § Burkina Faso (Formerly Upper Volta) August 4 â€“ The African republic Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso.To sever ties to the colonial past, the nation's leader, Thomas Sankara, changed the name of the country to Burkina Faso, which combines two of the nation's languages and means â€œthe land of upright men.â€ § Ethiopia October 23 â€“ The world learns from moving BBC News TV reports that a famine is plaguing Ethiopia, where thousands of people have already died of starvation due to a famine and as many as 10,000,000 more lives are at risk. § Asia § China September 26 â€“ The United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China sign the initial agreement to return Hong Kong to China in 1997. December 19 â€“ The People's Republic of China and United Kingdom sign the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the future of Hong Kong. § Central America September 4 â€“ The Sandinista Front wins the Nicaraguan general elections. § Europe October 25 â€“ The European Economic Community makes Â£1.8billion available to help combat the Ethiopian famine. § Germany December 18 - RAF "Commando Jan-Carl Raspe" attempts to bomb the SHAPE School, the NATO Officersâ€™ School in Oberammergua. The bomb is discovered and defused. December - RAF prisoners begin a hungerstrike, demanding association. Two statements are released, a shorter Hunger strike Statement and a longer one Regarding the Association of Political Prisoners aimed towards the movement. § Great Britain April 17 â€“ WPC Yvonne Fletcher is shot and killed by a secluded gunman during a siege outside the Libyan Embassy in London. June 20 â€“ The biggest exam shake-up in the British education system in over 10 years is announced, with O-level and CSE exams to be replaced by a new exam, the GCSE. October 12 â€“ The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) attempts to assassinate the British Cabinet in the Brighton hotel bombing. § British Entertainment November 25 â€“ Thirty-six of Britain and Ireland's top pop musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio to form Band Aid, and record the song "Do They Know It's Christmas", in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia. § British Industry March 6 â€“ A year-long strike action begins in the British coal industry June 22 â€“ Virgin Atlantic Airways makes its inaugural flight. December 3 â€“ British Telecom is privatised. § Ireland March 14 â€“ Sinn FÃ©in's Gerry Adams and 3 others are seriously injured in a gun attack by the UVF. § Malta December 22 â€“ In Malta, Prime Minister Dom Mintoff resigns. § Poland October 19 â€“ Polish secret police kidnap Jerzy PopieÅ‚uszko, a Catholic priest who supports the Solidarity movement. His dead body is found in a reservoir 11 days later on October 30. § Vatican January 10 â€“ The United States and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations January 23 â€“ The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Vatican City. § India March 5 â€“ Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi orders Operation Blue Star to flush out separatist militants from Harimandir Sahib, the most sacred shrine of Sikhism. April 13 â€“ India launches Operation Meghdoot, as most of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir comes under Indian control. June 3 - 8 - Operation Blue Star was an Indian military operation on 3–8 June 1984, ordered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in order to establish control over the Harmandir Sahib Complex in Amritsar, Punjab and remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the complex buildings. Bhindranwale had earlier taken residence in Harmandir Sahib and made it his headquarters in April 1980 CE . 492 civilians were killed in an attack on the Sikh holy temple. June 6 â€“ Indian troops storm the Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Sikhs' holiest shrine, killing an estimated 2,000 people. October 31 â€“ Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by he	Soviet tanks roll into Afghanistan - Dec 24, 1979 - HISTORY.com This Day in History: 12/24/1979 - Soviets enter Afghanistan What was the most televised broadcast in history? The answer to this question is quite surprising. The most televised broadcast in history occurred on December 24, 1968, when the Apollo 8 read from the Bible while orbiting the Earth for the first time. In addition, on December 24, 1979, Russia waged a nine year war against Afghanistan that would deplete their supplies and lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union. December 24 also marks the composition of one of the most famous Christmas songs of all time; Silent Night in 1818 by an Austrian composer. The last major event that occurred on December 24th, this time in 1923, was President Coolidge's lighting of the first public Christmas tree. To learn more, watch the This Day in History Video: December 24th. Lead Story Soviet tanks roll into Afghanistan Share this: Soviet tanks roll into Afghanistan Author Soviet tanks roll into Afghanistan URL Publisher A+E Networks On December 24, 1979, the Soviet Union invades Afghanistan, under the pretext of upholding the Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty of 1978. As midnight approached, the Soviets organized a massive military airlift into Kabul, involving an estimated 280 transport aircraft and three divisions of almost 8,500 men each. Within a few days, the Soviets had secured Kabul, deploying a special assault unit against Tajberg Palace. Elements of the Afghan army loyal to Hafizullah Amin put up a fierce, but brief resistance. On December 27, Babrak Karmal, exiled leader of the Parcham faction of the Marxist People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), was installed as Afghanistan’s new head of government. And Soviet ground forces entered Afghanistan from the north. The Soviets, however, were met with fierce resistance when they ventured out of their strongholds into the countryside. Resistance fighters, called mujahidin, saw the Christian or atheist Soviets controlling Afghanistan as a defilement of Islam as well as of their traditional culture. Proclaiming a “jihad”(holy war), they gained the support of the Islamic world. The mujahidin employed guerrilla tactics against the Soviets. They would attack or raid quickly, then disappear into the mountains, causing great destruction without pitched battles. The fighters used whatever weapons they could grab from the Soviets or were given by the United States. The tide of the war turned with the 1987 introduction of U.S. shoulder-launched anti-aircraft missiles. The Stingers allowed the mujahidin to shoot down Soviet planes and helicopters on a regular basis. New Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev decided it was time to get out. Demoralized and with no victory in sight, Soviet forces started withdrawing in 1988. The last Soviet soldier crossed back across the border on February 15, 1989. It was the first Soviet military expedition beyond the Eastern bloc since World War II and marked the end of a period of improving relations (known as détente) in the Cold War. Subsequently, the SALT II arms treaty was shelved and the U.S. began to re-arm. Fifteen thousand Soviet soldiers were killed. The long-term impact of the invasion and subsequent war was profound. First, the Soviets never recovered from the public relations and financial losses, which significantly contributed to the fall of the Soviet empire in 1991. Secondly, the war created a breeding ground for terrorism and the rise of Osama bin Laden. Related Videos	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,666	Hephaestion was the very close, personal friend & companion of which King?	Alexander the Great - Ancient Greek Military Leader Alexander the Great Name: Alexander III of Macedon Dates: c. 20 July 356 B.C. - 10 June 323. Place of Birth and Death: Pella and Babylon Dates of Rule: 336-323 Parents: Philip II of Macedonia and Olympias Occupation: Ruler and Military Leader His Birth Alexander the Great was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia and one of his wives, Olympias , a daughter of the non-Macedonian King Neoptolemus I of Epirus. At least, that's the conventional story. As a great hero, there are other more miraculous versions of the conception. Alexander was born around July 20, 356 B.C. Being non-Macedonian made Olympias' status lower than the Macedonian woman Philip later married. As a result, there was much conflict between Alexander's parents. Wondrous Signs Before the Birth of Alexander the Great As a Youth: Alexander was tutored by Leonidas (possibly his uncle) and the great Greek philosopher Aristotle . During his youth, Alexander showed great observational powers when he tamed the wild horse Bucephalus . continue reading below our video Profile of Alexander the Great In 326, when his beloved horse died, he renamed a city in India/Pakistan, on the banks of the Hydaspes (Jhelum) river, for Bucephalus. Our image of Alexander is youthful because that is how his official portraits portray him. See Photos of Alexander the Great in Art . As Regent: In 340 B.C., while his father Philip went off to fight rebels, Alexander was made regent in Macedonia. During his regency, the Maedi of northern Macedonia revolted. Alexander put down the revolt and renamed their city after himself. In 336 after his father was assassinated, he became ruler of Macedonia. The Gordian Knot: One legend about Alexander the Great is that when he was in Gordium, Turkey, in 333, he undid the Gordian Knot . This knot had been tied by the legendary, fabulously wealthy King Midas. The prophecy about the Gordian knot was that the person who untied it would rule all of Asia. Alexander the Great is said to have undone the Gordian Knot not by unraveling it, but by slashing through it with a sword.	gebze 101 Jeopardy Template Which creature was a threat to holiday makers in Jaws? 100 How many legs has a spider got? 100 Who painted the Mona Lisa? 100 In which city is Hollywood? 100 What is Turkish delight Invented by Haci Bekir Effendi at his Istanbul shop in 1777 what is the globally consumed 'lokum' more famously called? 200 what famous rapper appeared in the movie 8 mile? 200 which animal lays the biggest eggs 200 Who wrote Julius Caesar, Macbeth and Hamlet? 200 What's the name of the famous big clock in London? 200 What falling fruit supposedly inspired Isaac Newton to write the laws of gravity? 300 Which Tom played spy Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible? 300 What is the alternative common name for a Black Leopard? 300 What is Hula Hoop One of the most popular toys of all time is a plastic ring with a Hawaiian name. What is it? 300	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,667	In the Bible what was the name of King David's wife who had been married to Nabal	King David's Wives and Marriages in the Bible Share By Cynthia Astle David is familiar to most people as a great hero in the Bible because of his confrontation with Goliath of Gath, a (giant) Philistine warrior. David is also known because he played the harp and wrote psalms . However, these were only some of David's many accomplishments. David's story also includes many marriages that influenced his rise and fall. Many of David's marriages were politically motivated. For example, King Saul , David's predecessor, offered both of his daughters at separate times as wives for David. For centuries, this "bond of blood" concept -- the idea that rulers feel bound to the kingdoms ruled by their wives' relatives -- was often employed, and just as often violated. How Many Women Married David in the Bible? Limited polygamy (one man married to more than one woman) was permitted during this era of Israel's history. While the Bible names seven women as David's spouses, it's possible that he had more, as well as multiple concubines who may have borne him unaccounted-for children. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance The most authoritative source for David's wives is 1 Chronicles 3, which lists David's descendants for 30 generations. This source names seven wives: Ahinoam of Jezreel, David's Wife Abigail's Story The Number, Location, and Mothers of David's Children David was married to Ahinoam, Abigail, Maacha, Haggith, Abital and Eglah during the 7-1/2 years he reigned in Hebron as king of Judah. After David moved his capital to Jerusalem, he married Bathsheba. Each of his first six wives bore David a son, while Bathsheba bore him four sons. Altogether, scripture records that David had 19 sons by various women, and one daughter, Tamar. Where in the Bible Did David Marry Michal? Missing from the 1 Chronicles 3 list of sons and wives is Michal, daughter of King Saul who reigned c. 1025-1005 B.C. Her omission from the genealogy may be linked to 2 Samuel 6:23, which says, "to her dying day Michal, daughter of Saul, had no children." However, according to the encyclopedia Jewish Women, there are rabbinic traditions within Judaism that pose three claims about Michal: that she was really David's favorite wife; that because of her beauty she was nicknamed "Eglah," meaning calf or calf-like; and that she died giving birth to David's son Ithream. The end result of this rabbinic logic is that the reference to Eglah in 1 Chronicles 3 is taken as a reference to Michal. David's Wife Michal's Story What Were the Limits on Polygamy? Jewish Women says that equating Eglah with Michal was the rabbis' way of bringing David's marriages into line with the requirements of Deuteronomy 17:17, a law of Torah which mandates that the king "shall not have many wives." David had six wives while he ruled in Hebron as king of Judah. While there, the prophet Nathan tells David in 2 Samuel 12:8: "I would give you twice as much over," which the rabbis interpret to mean that the number of David's existing wives could be tripled: from six to 18. David brought his number of spouses to seven when he later married Bathsheba in Jerusalem, so David had well under the maximum of 18 wives. David's Wife Bathsheba's Story Scholars Dispute Whether David Married Merab 1 Samuel 18:14-19 lists Merab, Saul's elder daughter and Michal's sister, as also betrothed to David. Women in Scripture notes that Saul's intention here was to bind David as a soldier for life through his marriage, and thus get David into a position where the Philistines could kill him. David didn't take the bait, because in verse 19 Merab is married to Adriel the Meholathite, with whom she had 5 children. Jewish Women says that in an effort to resolve the conflict, some rabbis argue that Merab didn't marry David until after her first husband died, and that Michal didn't marry David until after her sister died. This timeline also would resolve a problem created by 2 Samuel 21:8, in which Michal is said to have married Adriel and borne him five sons. The rabbis assert that when Merab	1 Chronicles 3 GNT - King David's Children - The - Bible Gateway 1 Chronicles 3Good News Translation (GNT) King David's Children 3 1-3 The following, in order of age, are David's sons who were born while he was in Hebron: Amnon, whose mother was Ahinoam from Jezreel Daniel, whose mother was Abigail from Carmel Absalom, whose mother was Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith Shephatiah, whose mother was Abital Ithream, whose mother was Eglah 4 All six were born in Hebron during the seven and a half years that David ruled there. In Jerusalem he ruled as king for thirty-three years, 5 and many sons were born to him there. His wife Bathsheba, daughter of Ammiel, bore him four sons: Shimea, Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon. 6 He had nine other sons: Ibhar, Elishua, Elpelet, 7 Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, 8 Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet. 9 In addition to all these sons, David had sons by his concubines. He also had a daughter, Tamar. The Descendants of King Solomon 10 This is the line of King Solomon's descendants from father to son: Solomon, Rehoboam, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, 11 Jehoram, Ahaziah, Joash, 12 Amaziah, Uzziah, Jotham, 13 Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, 14 Amon, and Josiah. 15 Josiah had four sons: Johanan, Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, and Joahaz. 16 Jehoiakim had two sons: Jehoiachin and Zedekiah. The Descendants of King Jehoiachin 17 These are the descendants of King Jehoiachin, who was taken prisoner by the Babylonians. Jehoiachin had seven sons: Shealtiel, 18 Malchiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah. 19 Pedaiah had two sons, Zerubbabel and Shimei. Zerubbabel was the father of two sons, Meshullam and Hananiah, and one daughter, Shelomith. 20 He had five other sons: Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab Hesed. 21 Hananiah had two sons, Pelatiah and Jeshaiah. Jeshaiah was the father of Rephaiah, who was the father of Arnan, the father of Obadiah, the father of Shecaniah.[ a ] 22 Shecaniah had one son, Shemaiah, and five grandsons: Hattush, Igal, Bariah, Neariah, and Shaphat. 23 Neariah had three sons: Elioenai, Hizkiah, and Azrikam. 24 Elioenai had seven sons: Hodaviah, Eliashib, Pelaiah, Akkub, Johanan, Delaiah, and Anani. Footnotes:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,668	What is the world’s highest navigable lake?	Lake Titicaca - Highest Navigable Lake in the World Venezuela Lake Titicaca On the borders of Peru and Bolivia lies Lake Titicaca, the highest commercially navigable lake in the world (3,820m./12,532 ft.). With a surface area of approximately 8,300 square kilometers (3,204 miles2) Titicaca is South America's largest freshwater lake. It is magical, sacred and serene and the most beautiful lake I have ever seen. The water of Titicaca has an amazing dark cobalt blue color. Wonderful islands such as the Floating Islands and the Island of the Sun are scattered throughout the tranquil lake and can be visited from the nearby towns of Puno and Copacabana. Tours in Bolivia Lake Titicaca has long been considered a sacred place among indigenous Andean peoples. In touch with the spirit of Mama Qota, or Sacred Mother, they believe that powerful spirits live in the lake's depths. According to Andean legend, Lake Titicaca was the birthplace of civilization. Viracocha, the creator deity, lightened a dark world by having the sun, moon, and stars rise from the lake to occupy their places in the sky. Worthy of such mystical associations, Lake Titicaca is a dazzling sight. Its deep azure waters seemingly extend forever across the altiplano, under the monstrously wide sky at an elevation of more than (3,820m./12,532 ft.). The lake covers more than 8,500 sq. km (3,315 sq. miles); it is 176km (109 miles) long and 50km (31 miles) wide. The sun is extraordinarily intense at this altitude, scorching off 600 cubic meters of water per second. Daybreak and sunset are particularly stunning to witness. ---------- ---------- Uros Floating Islands (Islas Flotantes) The floating islands are a strange sight. They are made by hand from tortora reeds and there are some 45 floating islands on lake Titicaca in the Bay of Puno, Peru. Isolated for many years the Uros Indians first came into contact with the outside world in the mid-1960s. Today tourists have become a welcome source of income and a few islands have been set up to receive tourists. The largest island, Huacavacani, has not only homes, but also a floating Seventh-Day Adventist church, a candidate for one of the most bizarre juxtapositions you are likely to find in Peru. Others have schools, a post office, and souvenir shops. There is no electricity on the islands. Power is generated through sun panels. Amantani Island (Isla Amantani) Amantaní, a circular island located about 4 1/2 hours from Puno, is home to a very different, although equally fascinating, Titicaca community. Also handsomely terraced and home to farmers, fishers, and weavers, in many ways Amantaní is even more rustic and unspoiled than Taquile. It is a beautiful but barren and rocky place, with a handful of villages composed of about 800 families and ruins clinging to the island's two peaks, Pachatata (Father Earth) and Pachamama (Mother Earth). The island presents some excellent opportunities for hikes up to these spots, with terrific views of lake Titicaca and the sparsely populated island landscape. The agricultural character of the island is perhaps even more apparent than on Taquile. Long, ancient-looking stone walls mark the fields and terraces of different communities, and cows, sheep, and alpacas graze the hillsides. ---------- ---------- The Island of the Sun (Isla del Sol) The Island of the Sun takes it place in history where the Inca empire, and consequently the sun, was born. It is not too far away from the rustic town Copacabana (Bolivia). It is sparsely populated and you can walk around the island in about 8 hours. On the hike you get rewarded with some spectacular views from lake Titicaca and some fascinating Inca ruins. Highly recommended is spending the night on the island. I got rewarded with the most spectacular starry night I'd ever seen. Yumani, on the south end, is the largest town on the island and the place to spend the night. I got rewarded with the most starry night I have ever seen, just amazing. If you arrive by boat to Yumani, your first encounter awaits you with the Inca Step	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,669	Where are the Indy Car races held?	First Indianapolis 500 held - May 30, 1911 - HISTORY.com First Indianapolis 500 held Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1911, Ray Harroun drives his single-seater Marmon Wasp to victory in the inaugural Indianapolis 500, now one of the world’s most famous motor racing competitions. The Indiana automobile dealer Carl Fisher first proposed building a private auto testing facility in 1906, in order to address car manufacturers’ inability to test potential top speeds of new cars due to the poorly developed state of the public roadways. The result was the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, built on 328 acres of farmland five miles northwest of downtown Indianapolis. The idea was that occasional races at the track would pit cars from different manufacturers against each other in order to showcase their full power and entice spectators to check out the new models themselves. In 1911, Fisher and his partners decided to focus on one long race per year, as opposed to numerous shorter events, in order to attract more publicity. The purse for the grueling 500-mile race would be the richest in racing. On May 30, 1911, 40 cars lined up at the starting line for the first Indy 500. A multi-car accident occurred 13 laps into the race, and the ensuing chaos temporarily disrupted scoring, throwing the finish into dispute when the eventual runner-up, Ralph Mulford, argued that he was the rightful winner. It was Ray Harroun, however, who took home the $14,250 purse, clocking an average speed of 74.59 mph and a total time of 6 hours and 42 minutes. The Wasp was the first car with a rear-view mirror, which Harroun had installed in order to compensate for not having a mechanic in the seat next to him to warn of other cars passing. Impressive as it was, Harroun’s 1911 speed would have finished him 10th in the 1922 Indy 500. Barely a decade later, nearly all the cars that started in the race were smaller, lighter, more efficient and far more expensive than consumer cars. Their aerodynamic bodies featured narrow grills and teardrop-shaped tails; knock-off wire wheels made for quick, efficient tire changes; and the new straight-sided tires lasted much longer than their early pneumatic counterparts. The best cars were equipped with four-wheel hydraulic brakes and inline 3.0-liter V-8 engines made of aluminum. By the mid-1920s, the Indy 500 had become what it is today–a high-paying event for the world’s most expensive cars. Related Videos	Rheims Air Show 1909 \| First Super Speedway Rheims Air Show 1909 By: Mark Dill The great Los Angeles-to-Phoenix off-road race (more commonly known as " The Cactus Derby ") was another of the terrific classics from the sport's early days. In its 1914 edition, track racing legend and barnstormer Barney Oldfield entered the same Stutz racer he had piloted to fifth place in that year's Indianapolis 500. Below are the margin notes David composed to support his art: Indianapolis Motor Speedway Founder and President Carl Fisher may have been a Hoosier but he had a global perspective. He also harbored a great deal of patriotic enthusiasm. He was keenly aware of developments in Europe, developments he felt threatened the gorwth of nascent American industries and the economy of the United States. He cast a wary eye on Brooklands , the new concrete-paved closed circuit race track in England, as well as the leadership of France in both automotive and aeronautic design. Fisher saw the Speedway as first a race track but also a multi-purpose facility. This was especially so with aeronautics. The first competitive event at the track was the 1909 National Championship Balloon Races and Fisher was in regular communication with the Wright Brothers . He had a fascination with emerging technology and especially how its products created business opportunity. This inevitably led to Fisher to plan for an aviation show. His sense of urgency about this vision spiked when in August 1909 the first great aviation show was staged in Rheims , France - known as the Grande Semaine d'Aviation de la Champagne . This event became the gold standard for air shows for many years to come. Fisher and his co-founders immediately pressed forward with plans despite the huge setback they encountered in their tragic first auto race meet which was also held in August 1909. Five people, including two spectators , lost their lives in two big wrecks that happened on the first and then the last day of the three-day event. The names of the people who lost their lives appear below: Homer Jolliff , spectator These articles report on the Rheims event and I include them on First Super Speedway for the reasons explained above. These developments have more than a tangential relationship with what went on at the track. They weighed heavily on the mind of Carl Fisher and probably the other founders as well. Fisher took his role in the world very seriously and saw the mission of the Speedway as a crucial ingredient to a successful America - helping automotive and aeronautical companies develop their products, and, in turn, grow successful businesses that helped countrymen prosper. Attachment Rheims082409 contains an Indianapolis Star article from August 24, 1909 that focuses on the second day of the meet and the top honors won by American Glenn Curtiss and French Aviator M. (Louis) Paulham . Curtiss set a new speed record over the 6.2 mile course with a time of 8 minutes, 35.4 seconds. Paulman soared to the then amazing altitude of 56 kilometers although it is unclear from the article if this was a record. Curtiss' feat was achieved just under the wire as time was expiring for competitors to take to the air. Earlier that day Louis Bleriot had clipped 16 seconds off Eugene Lefebvre's course record. Curtiss' success with the record made him one of the men to watch in the James Gordon Bennett Cup , the main event coming up that Saturday. The other interesting aspect of the day the article notes is Hubert Latham's flight with an aluminum propeller. This article reports that hundreds of Americans had made the passage to France to witness the historic event. Among them were Mr. and Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt Jr. ; Mr. and Mrs. George Gould ; Mr. and Mrs. Nat Goodwin (actor); Actor William H. Crane and Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Kittredge of Cleveland. Attachment Rheims082709 contains an article originally published in the Indianapolis Star August 27, 1909. This article reports on the third day of the air show and focuses on the accolades heaped on Frenchman Hubert Latham who e	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,670	What river is dammed by the Hoover Dam?	12 Mile River Raft & Hoover Dam Combo Tour with Prices, Deals & Reviews \| Vegas.com 12 Mile River Raft & Hoover Dam Combo Tour photos river rafting tour Previous Next Description Enjoy a peaceful ride down the river, a picnic by the beach and a trip to the Hoover Dam all in the same day. Fun for the entire family, your journey begins with a 12-mile, rapid-free raft trip down the Colorado River to Willow Beach, Ariz. As you gently float down the Colorado River from the base of the Hoover Dam, enjoy a view and perspective of the dam available nowhere else. Along the way, expert guides point out soaring birds of prey, gravity-defying bighorn sheep, waterfalls and bubbling hot springs. Enjoy a picnic lunch on the beach. From here, you will board a luxury 4x4 or custom VIP Mini Coach and experience Hoover Dam's Discovery Tour, which takes you inside this manmade wonder. You will also have the opportunity to photograph and explore the amazing structure and its monuments as well as experience the visitor center and gift shop. Before returning to Las Vegas, the tour makes a stop at a local park. Keep an eye out -- herds of bighorn sheep often come down from the surrounding mountains to graze on the grass. Black Canyon Raft Portion: This is not a whitewater rafting trip. The raft portion of this tour includes a slow water trip on a pontoon style raft. These are large comfortable rafts that have been carefully constructed with your safety in mind. They have multiple air chambers and are outfitted with all of the Coast Guard required and recommended safety equipment. All the rafts have plenty of room for passengers, so you will not be overcrowded. During this excursion, the experienced and knowledgeable guides share the history of this magnificent geological area. To ensure the most comfortable experience for the customer, this tour uses the following vehicles: SUVs for seven passengers or 14-passenger VIP Mini Coaches. View full description Child price qualifies for those 11 and younger. Guest Reviews Rated 4.7 out of 5 by 20 reviewers. Rated 5 out of 5 by MGb1234 Great time We had a great time would recommend to others! Jeff on the raft and Adam for the Hoover dam portion both were wonderful guides. October 12, 2016 Rated 5 out of 5 by LADYSIW Well worth it! My 15 year old step.son loved it. My 48 year old husband loved it. Great for everyone! July 30, 2016 Rated 4 out of 5 by IndependenceDay2016 Good As far as I could see fine print did not state that the tour was broken up into two different tour groups (1 for River Raft other for Hoover Dam). That's the reason for the "Fair" rating under Accuracy of description. Tour also did not describe that buckets of water and wet towels would be thrown at the passengers. Pilot was not considerate of people that may not want water or towels thrown on them and questioned why did people have electronics like a cellphone on them if they were going to get wet. People are prepared to get wet from the splashing of water but not buckets or drenched towels being thrown on them. Being on the river for a few hours was great but it did drain us and we really didn’t enjoy the Hoover Dam tour after. We just felt exhausted and rushed through the tour so that we could get back to the vehicle so we could get back to our hotel and relax. Also, it’s unfortunate that the tour does not provide transportation to or near any hotels in the Henderson area where we were staying (30 min drive to strip at least). I noticed the shuttle passed a casino/hotel (Fiesta) in Henderson on the way to the lake which would have saved us time and driving distance. Overall the experience was good just some flaws that could be corrected! July 7, 2016 Rated 5 out of 5 by flutergork Recommended for a day away from the tables! When planning our Vegas trip (from NY) and looking for things to do (other than gambling), she saw the river rafting tour and asked me if it sounded like something I would want to try. Well, in our world (and perhaps yours, too), that means, "I want to do this." Since I speak "wife," I did some research an	Kariba Dam \| dam, Africa \| Britannica.com Kariba Dam Tarbela Dam Kariba Dam, concrete arch dam across the Zambezi River at Kariba Gorge, on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe . Construction of the dam began on Nov. 6, 1956, and was completed in 1959. The structure is 420 feet (128 m) high with a crest 1,899 feet (579 m) in length and a volume of 1,350,000 cubic yards (1,032,000 cubic m). The dam creates Lake Kariba , and it supplies some 6,700,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, generated by Kariba North Bank and South Bank companies (Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively). Its creation required the resettlement of more than 30,000 Batonka tribespeople of Zambia and the evacuation of thousands of wild animals (“Operation Noah”). Some Africans initially opposed construction of the dam, seeing it as a symbol of the unpopular Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland , which dissolved into Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Zambia in 1963. Later, however, the dam was accepted because of the inexpensive electric power it furnishes to Zambia’s prosperous copper industry. Kariba Dam on the Zambezi River. Ben Bird in earthquake: Reservoir induction ...in depth and 1 cubic km (0.24 cubic mile) in volume. Three sites where such connections have very probably occurred are the Hoover Dam in the United States, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, and the Kariba Dam on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. The most generally accepted explanation for earthquake occurrence in such cases assumes that rocks near the reservoir are already strained from... in Zimbabwe: Industry ...the major energy sources for rail transport, however), and there has also been considerable electrification of low-cost housing in urban townships. Electric power is also generated at the huge Kariba Dam, which Zimbabwe shares with Zambia, on the Zambezi River. Although Zimbabwe has great hydroelectric potential, it has not been realized, and the country imports about two-fifths of the... in dam (engineering): Spillways ...cannot determine the maximum possible flood, they can indicate the probability of a specified flow being exceeded in a particular period. For example, engineers found that, in constructing the Kariba Dam over the Zambezi River on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe, analyses of the available records of river discharge yielded the estimate that a flood of 7,600 cubic metres (9,950 cubic... 6 References found in Britannica Articles Assorted References The Kariba Dam is one of the largest dams in the world. It is located on the Zambezi River in southeastern Africa, on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Article History Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: September 22, 2008 URL: https:/	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,671	Which fish is often mistakenly called the ‘pike-perch’?	pike perch \| fish \| Britannica.com Pike perch flounder Pike perch, any of several freshwater food and game fishes of the family Percidae (order Perciformes), found in Europe and North America . Although more elongated and slender than perches, pike perches have the two dorsal fins characteristic of the family. They are, like perches, carnivorous, and as adults they feed largely on other fishes. The European pike perch , or zander (Stizostedion, or Lucioperca, lucioperca; see photograph ), is found in lakes and rivers of eastern, central, and (where introduced) western Europe. It is greenish or grayish, usually with darker markings, and generally attains a length of 50–66 cm (20–26 inches) and a weight of 3 kg (6.6 pounds). The North American pike perches include the walleye (S. vitreum), found in clear, cool lakes and rivers, and the sauger (S. canadense), found in lakes and rather silty rivers. Both are darkly mottled fishes native to eastern North America. The sauger, the smaller of the two, does not usually exceed a length and weight of about 30 cm and 1 kg. The walleye rarely weighs more than 4.5 kg and has a maximum length and weight of about 90 cm and 11 kg. Learn More in these related articles: Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: May 04, 1999 URL: https://www.britannica.com/animal/pike-perch Access Date: January 19, 2017 Share	Billy Fury sculpture at the Albert Dock - Museum of Liverpool, Liverpool museums Billy Fury sculpture at the Albert Dock Billy's mother Jean Wycherley and brother Albie with the sculpture A fitting location The Billy Fury sculpture can be seen overlooking the River Mersey, outside the Piermaster's House in the Albert Dock. This is an appropriate location as Billy worked as a deck hand on the Mersey tug boat The Formby, owned by the Alexandra Towing Company, for approximately two years from 1956, before he became famous. Billy Fury Billy Fury was born Ronald Wycherley in Haliburton Street in The Dingle, Liverpool on 17 April 1940. He first found fame in the early 1960s and is remembered as one of the most famous stars in the history of British rock and roll. Music was always his life. He taught himself to play the guitar and write songs from an early age. Whilst on the tugs Ronnie Wycherley, as he was known then, formed a skiffle group with workmates just for fun, with the tongue in cheek name, 'The Formby Sniffle Groop'. Sadly he had to give up the job on the tugs although he enjoyed it, because of a recurrence of rheumatic fever which he had also suffered in childhood and which damaged his heart. He was discovered by Larry Parnes, the famous London impresario shortly after this and made his first public appearance at the Essoldo in Birkenhead to an audience of screaming girls. 'Billy Fury' was born. His total record sales were on a par with acts such as Elvis, The Beatles and Cliff Richard. Billy wrote 10 songs for his first album The Sound of Fury. He was one of the few artists before the Beatles era to do this. After suffering a range of health problems, career decline and subsequent revival, Billy suffered a fatal heart attack in January 1983 and died at the age of only 42. Today Billy’s life is celebrated through his many fans. The sculpture by Tom Murphy This statue, made by Liverpool sculptor Tom Murphy in 2003, was commissioned by ‘The Sound of Fury’ fan club following six years of fundraising and donations from fans, both members and non members, from home and abroad. It was very kindly donated to National Museums Liverpool by ‘The Sound of Fury’ as a lasting tribute to Billy, one of Liverpool’s greatest stars. It was originally displayed in the courtyard of the former Museum of Liverpool Life, before moving to its current location in March 2007. Accession number MMM.2003.91 Further information Read more about Billy Fury in a Liverpool Lives feature from April 2005, the month that he would have turned 65. Read a Billy Fury fan's story of how she came to own a very special photo of The Formby tug boat, on the Billy Fury In Thoughts of You fan club website. See the public's photos of the statue in our Billy Fury Flickr group . Share this page	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,672	Who is the youngest actor to receive an Oscar for the Best Actor in a Leading Role?	8 of the Youngest Oscar Winners and Nominees of All Time 8 of the Youngest Oscar Winners and Nominees of All Time Reddit When it comes to the Oscars , usually it’s the older, more established actors that come away with the nominations and awards for their film work. However, sometimes a young newcomer gives a performance that just cannot be ignored. The following is a list of the youngest Oscar nominees and winners in the acting categories. source: Focus Features 1. Adrien Brody, The Pianist Adrien Brody is the youngest actor to take home an Oscar for Best Actor for his 2002 win for Roman Polanski’s Holocaust film The Pianist. His win might be most remembered for that creepy Halle Berry kiss, but it was history-making because Brody was only 29 years old when he won. That’s much older than any of the other actors on this list, but that only goes to show the Academy’s tendency to honor older actors in the male acting categories. Critics heaped praise on the film, which they saw as one of Polanski’s most personal efforts as he explored his own experiences surviving the Holocaust through the figure of the Polish-Jewish classical composer and pianist Władysław Szpilman. Brody’s performance was honored for his dedication to the role, which saw him learn the piano and lose scary amounts of weight to become the skeletal Szpilman. source: Paramount Pictures 2. Jackie Cooper, Skippy For this 1931 movie about a couple of kids trying to save a dog, Jackie Cooper became the youngest nominee in the Best Actor category at age 9. He’s held the record ever since, for a whopping 84 years. The movie follows the character Skippy, played by Cooper and based on the comic strip of that name by Percy Crosby, as he helps his poor friend Sooky save a dog. The next-youngest actor nominated for the Oscar is a full 10 years older than Cooper. Mickey Rooney was nominated at age 19 for his role in 1939’s Babes in Arms. source: Paramount Pictures 3. Marlee Matlin, Children of a Lesser God Marlee Matlin made history in more ways than one when she took home her Oscar for Best Actress in 1986. She was not only the youngest winner of the award at age 21, but also the only deaf actor ever to win an Academy Award. In Children of a Lesser God, Matlin plays a deaf custodian at a school for the deaf who falls in love with a hearing speech teacher there. As their relationship develops, his insistence that she learn to speak rather than use sign language becomes a major source of discord between them. This was the first performance since the 1926 silent movie You’d Be Surprised to have a deaf actor in a leading role. Matlin has also received a Golden Globe award and four Emmy nominations for her work during her acting career. source: Fox Searchlight 4. Quvenzhané Wallis, Beasts of the Southern Wild The Louisiana native Quvenzhané Wallis became the youngest nominee ever in the category of Best Actress at age 9 when she was nominated for her role as the strong-willed young Katrina survivor in the magical realism film Beasts of the Southern Wild. Her nomination also made her the first African American child to earn an Oscar nomination as well as the first person born in the 21st century to do so. She was only 6 years old when the film was made and lied about her age when she auditioned for the role, as she was just 5 and the cut-off age was 6, according to an interview Roger Ebert did with the actress. Director Benh Zeitlin ended up being so impressed with Wallis that he changed the script to better suit her. Reviews of the film lavished her performance with praise. She’s gone on to land the starring role in the high-profile remake of Annie and a modeling campaign with Giorgio Armani. source: Paramount Pictures 5. Timothy Hutton, Ordinary People The 1980 film Ordinary People was the directorial debut of Robert Redford and won four Academy Awards, including for Timothy Hutton’s performance making him the youngest winner for Best Supporting Actor at age 20. The movie is about an upper middle class family attempting to return to normal life after the death of one of	1988 Academy Awards® Winners and History Working Girl (1988) Actor: DUSTIN HOFFMAN in "Rain Man", Gene Hackman in "Mississippi Burning", Tom Hanks in "Big", Edward James Olmos in "Stand and Deliver", Max von Sydow in "Pelle the Conqueror" Actress: JODIE FOSTER in "The Accused", Glenn Close in "Dangerous Liaisons", Melanie Griffith in "Working Girl", Meryl Streep in "A Cry in the Dark", Sigourney Weaver in "Gorillas in the Mist" Supporting Actor: KEVIN KLINE in "A Fish Called Wanda", Alec Guinness in "Little Dorritt", Martin Landau in "Tucker: the Man and His Dream", River Phoenix in "Running on Empty", Dean Stockwell in "Married to the Mob" Supporting Actress: GEENA DAVIS in "The Accidental Tourist", Joan Cusack in "Working Girl", Frances McDormand in "Mississippi Burning", Michelle Pfeiffer in "Dangerous Liaisons", Sigourney Weaver in "Working Girl" Director: BARRY LEVINSON for "Rain Man", Charles Crichton for "A Fish Called Wanda", Mike Nichols for "Working Girl", Alan Parker for "Mississippi Burning", Martin Scorsese for "The Last Temptation of Christ" Beginning this year, the trademark phrase: "and the winner is..." was substituted with "and the Oscar goes to..." Director Barry Levinson's critically and financially-successful Rain Man was the major Oscar winner in 1988. It was the buddy-road saga of the human relationship that gradually develops between two sibling brothers: the elder one a TV-obsessed, institutionalized adult autistic (Hoffman), the other an ambitious, hotshot money-maker/car salesman and hustler (Cruise). The autistic savant's kidnapping from an asylum by his fast-talking brother is with the intent to swindle him of his inheritance, but during a cross-country road trip, a loving relationship develops between the brothers with strong blood ties. Rain Man had a total of eight nominations and four wins - for Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay (by Ronald Bass and Barry Morrow). It was the year's highest-grossing picture as well, taking in $173 million (domestic). The other Best Picture nominees included the following: director Lawrence Kasdan's adaptation of Anne Tyler's novel, the psychological drama The Accidental Tourist (with four nominations and one win - Best Supporting Actress), with two co-stars - Kathleen Turner and William Hurt - that Kasdan had teamed together in an earlier film - Body Heat (1981) British director Steven Frears' first American feature film, the lush, pre-Revolutionary France costume drama of competitive sexual seduction Dangerous Liaisons (with seven nominations and three wins - Best Screenplay, Best Art/Set Direction, and Best Costume Design) director Alan Parker's propagandist account of the investigation of the disappearance of three civil rights activists in 1964 in the social drama Mississippi Burning (with seven nominations and only one win - Best Cinematography) director Mike Nichols' sophisticated romantic comedy about 80s corporate ladder-climbing and office politics in Working Girl (with six nominations and one win - Best Song by Carly Simon: "Let the River Run") Two of the five directors of Best Picture nominees were not included in the list of Best Director nominees. 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1,501,673	What city was blockaded by the Soviets in 1948, forcing other countries to airlift in supplies?	Soviets blockade West Berlin - Jun 24, 1948 - HISTORY.com Soviets blockade West Berlin Publisher A+E Networks One of the most dramatic standoffs in the history of the Cold War begins as the Soviet Union blocks all road and rail traffic to and from West Berlin. The blockade turned out to be a terrible diplomatic move by the Soviets, while the United States emerged from the confrontation with renewed purpose and confidence. Following World War II, Germany was divided into occupation zones. The United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and, eventually, France, were given specific zones to occupy in which they were to accept the surrender of Nazi forces and restore order. The Soviet Union occupied most of eastern Germany, while the other Allied nations occupied western Germany. The German capital of Berlin was similarly divided into four zones of occupation. Almost immediately, differences between the United States and the Soviet Union surfaced. The Soviets sought huge reparations from Germany in the form of money, industrial equipment, and resources. The Russians also made it clear that they desired a neutral and disarmed Germany. The United States saw things in quite a different way. American officials believed that the economic recovery of Western Europe was dependent on a strong, reunified Germany. They also felt that only a rearmed Germany could stand as a bulwark against Soviet expansion into Western Europe. In May 1946, the Americans stopped reparations shipments from their zone to the Soviets. In December, the British and Americans combined their zones; the French joined some months later. The Soviets viewed these actions as a threat and issued more demands for a say in the economic future of Germany. On June 22, 1948, negotiations between the Soviets, Americans, and British broke down. On June 24, Soviet forces blocked the roads and railroad lines into West Berlin. American officials were furious, and some in the administration of President Harry S. Truman argued that the time for diplomacy with the Soviets was over. For a few tense days, the world waited to see whether the United States and Soviet Union would come to blows. In West Berlin, panic began to set in as its population worried about shortages of food, water, and medical aid. The United States response came just two days after the Soviets began their blockade. A massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin was undertaken in what was to become one of the greatest logistical efforts in history. For the Soviets, the escapade quickly became a diplomatic embarrassment. Russia looked like an international bully that was trying to starve men, women, and children into submission. And the successful American airlift merely served to accentuate the technological superiority of the United States over the Soviet Union. On May 12, 1949, the Soviets officially ended the blockade. Related Videos	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,674	On which river does Hamburg stand?	Hamburg Cruise Port: Things to Do Near Port of Hamburg - Cruise Critic Find Cruises to Hamburg Port of Hamburg: An Overview Hamburg, Germany's foremost port and one of its most handsome cities, may also be one of Europe's most underrated destinations. Many Americans -- and even Europeans -- have yet to discover its charms, including its beautiful situation on the banks of the River Elbe and around the Alster lake, the loveliness of its mostly traditional architecture, its premier museums, and its long history and association with the powerful Hanseatic League. The city is also more sophisticated and walkable than Germany's capital, Berlin, a huge plus for visitors. Founded back in 800 by Charlemagne, the city initially took off as a trading center, given its proximity to the rest of Northern Europe and its location on the Elbe River, which links the North Sea to inland Europe. While Hamburg was largely destroyed by Allied bombing during the Second World War, much of it was rebuilt in the traditional style, resulting in a powerful sense of continuity with the past. Few intrusive modern structures upset the skyline, so the churches and the lovely Rathaus (City Hall) dominate the cityscape. The notable exception is HafenCity, a separate district of brand-new housing, offices and cultural centers. Today, Hamburg is a thriving north German city of just fewer than two million people with the surrounding districts doubling the population. The city thrives on its port, shipyards and international trade, and it's also a media and civil aerospace center. Not surprisingly, water is a key element in Hamburg life. The Elbe passes through the city, splitting into waterways that meander, canal-like, between handsome, brick, Victorian-era former warehouses that now serve as offices, residences and museums. Hamburg's lakes -- the Binnenalster (Inner Alster) and much larger Aussenalster (Outer Alster) -- form centerpieces for the city center and its transition to the close-in residential suburbs. Parallel canals and narrow streets link the Alster and the Elbe's wide expanses. For the tourist, it's a delight to follow them. The city has oodles of individual sights relating to its maritime heritage: excellent museums, historic ships, architectural landmarks and a church tower viewpoint. Visitors can take simple pleasure in walking the grand Elbe River promenade, the canal paths in the Speicherstadt (Warehouse District) and the lakeside footpaths. Day cruises are a popular pastime, with numerous boat operators departing from the Landungsbrucken pier to cruise the Elbe River and from Jungfernsteig for Alster trips. Hamburg's visitors are mostly Germans and other Europeans, and most of the cruise calls are by ships carrying German-speaking passengers. However, some lines catering to North Americans are finding their way there. Cunard's Queen Mary 2 is the city's favorite caller, and one million people routinely turn out along the banks of the Elbe to see her arrive from the North Sea. Celebrity Cruises, Silversea, Costa Cruises, MSC Cruises, Hurtigrutren and Ponant Cruises have followed. View all cruises from Hamburg Hanging Around In HafenCity, at present, there is a cruise berth and little else nearby, but a terminal and adjacent hotel are due to be completed in the next couple of years. Access to downtown is by city bus or, for those who'd like a 20-minute stroll, by foot. But, a U-4 (underground) is under construction. A walk through the construction zone to the nearest attractions, such as the Hamburg International Maritime Museum and the Miniatur Wunderland model railway, takes about 15 minutes. From the Elbe River berth at Altona, where the bigger ships dock, there are plenty of cafes and shops within easy walking distance along the Elbmeile. Though the city ranges upward, just behind, your best bet if heading downtown is to take a taxi or the city bus that passes along Grosse Elbstrasse, parallel to the River Elbe. The nearest S-Bahn station is Reeperbahn, a 15-minute walk through a lively entertainment and arts district. Don't Miss Ha	Index-a What does the workplace flexi-hours acronym TOIL stand for? Waterloo, the location of Napoleon's 1815 defeat, is in modern-day: France; Belgium; Spain; or Russia? G-BOAG, G-BOAC, and F-BVFC and the tragic F-BTSC designated what iconic 20thC invention? Name the core specialism of notable Anglo-Danish industrialist Sir Ove Nyquist Arup (1895-1988) and the global (Arup Group) corporation he created: Pharmacy; Structural engineering; Shipbuilding; or Food canning? 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A lodestone (or loadstone, from old English meaning 'leading-stone' or 'way-stone') is a naturally occurring what? Which controversial Swiss sports head, accused of racism, sexism and corruption 1990s-2000s, was once president of the World Society of Friends of Suspenders, which advocated women should not replace stockings and suspenders with pantyhose? Bambino is the family trust of which controversial business mogul, subject to criminal proceedings in Germany 2014? Boundary-pushing Dutch media corporation Endemol sought participants in 2014 for a reality show requiring the group to: Marry each other; Marry animals; Have face transplants; or Live indefinitely on Mars? The volcano Olympic Mons, three times taller than Mount Everest, and the highes	trivia_qa.jsonl

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