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1,501,975	What Asian country is the most populous country in the world never to have won an Olympic medal?	Bangladesh is the largest nation to never win a medal, but it has four athletes in London Bangladesh is the largest nation to never win a medal, but it has four athletes in London Martin Rogers Pin it Share LONDON – Bangladesh is home to more than 152 million people, making it the eighth most populated country in the world, yet its Olympic futility is so bad it makes one wonder if a statistical mistake has been made. Bangladesh, sandwiched between northeastern Indian and Myanmar, has never won a single medal at the Olympic Games and is unlikely to do anything to change that tortured record over the next few weeks. But it is not even the total lack of hardware that is the most telling sign of failure for this nation whose primary national sporting obsession, cricket, is not in the Games. Not that it would likely do much for the medal count anyway – it is ranked ninth out of the nine teams that play at cricket's highest level. [ Photos: Olympic events the USA has never won ] Of the International Olympic Committee's 204 members, 80 have never medaled. Many of the nations are tiny by comparison, although Myanmar (the world's 25th most populated country) and Nepal (45th) are also on the medal-free list. Meanwhile, Tonga (195th in population) has an Olympic silver, Barbados (181st) a bronze and Iceland (178th) two of each. The Bahamas, ranked 177th, has excelled with 10 total medals, four of them gold. Perhaps most extraordinary about Bangladesh is not its dearth of medals, but that it has never had an athlete qualify for an Olympics based on performance in competition. Every one of the country's representatives, stretching back to 1984, has been courtesy of the IOC's wildcard system, devised to assist competitors from nations low on the international sports pecking order. That is the case again for London, where a four-strong Bangladesh team featuring an archer, a gymnast, a shooter and a swimmer will march in the Opening Ceremony, all of them thanks to the wildcard allotment. [ Related: Refugee without a country to compete under Olympic flag ] The gymnast is Syque Caesar, an American born in Florida to Bangladesh parents and with dual citizenship. Caesar may be the most accomplished athlete Bangladesh has ever brought to a Games, having won an NCAA teams title at the University of Michigan and won parallel bars gold at the Central South Asian Championships. Caesar's participation was only made possible through bizarre circumstances: The Indian federation failed to correctly file the paperwork for its gymnast Ashish Kumar on time, and Caesar was next in line to accept the wildcard position. It will be a significant moment of pride for the 21-year-old, whose Wolverine colleague and roommate Sam Mikulak will represent the U.S. "Bangladesh loves sports," Caesar told the BBC. "My father used to play for the national soccer team, and soccer was the country's main passion. That died down and now the country loves cricket. "Gymnastics isn't really such a popular sport around the globe anyway, but hopefully I'll be the guy that kick-starts a program in the country." Bangladesh's Olympic woes are viewed as serious by the government, so much so that the topic has been raised in the national parliament. Extra funding has been allocated to develop talent in a range of sports, although progress will be a gradual, long-term process. "Bangladesh is willing to do everything to get as many athletes as it can to the Olympics," Caesar said. "But having the resources to prepare athletes for the Games is quite new for them." Related Olympic coverage from Yahoo! Sports: Other popular Olympics content on Yahoo! Sports:	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,976	Sheriff John T Chance appears in which classic Western?	Remembering Dean Martin as a Western Star - Cowboys and Indians Magazine Cowboys and Indians Magazine Remembering Dean Martin as a Western Star by Joe Leydon Photography: National General Pictures The late, great crooner rode tall alongside the likes of John Wayne and James Stewart. Dean Martin — whose birthday we celebrate June 7 — may not be anyone’s first choice as an iconic cowboy hero. But the late, great multitalented entertainer proved to be a dependable player in several westerns throughout his long career. Here are seven of his best. Rio Bravo (1959) Martin earned his spurs as the hard-drinking deputy of John Wayne’s Sheriff John T. Chance in Howard Hawks’ much-imitated, rarely equaled classic western. It’s a tense, straight-shooting drama, but Hawks allows time for some musical comedy relief as Martin’s character sings a couple of tunes with Sheriff Chance’s other two allies: a crotchety and crippled old coot (Walter Brennan), and a naïve young gunslinger with a decidedly non-cowboyish coiffure (Ricky Nelson). Sergeants 3 (1962) A loose remake of George Stevens’ Gunga Din (1939), with the basic plot transported from British India to the American West. Martin, Frank Sinatra and Peter Lawford star as brawling U.S. Cavalry sergeants assigned to an Indian Territory outpost in 1870, and Sammy Davis Jr. appears as a trumpet-playing former slave who dreams of becoming a trooper. The action sequences are every bit as exciting as you’d expect in a movie by the same director — John Sturges — who gave us The Magnificent Seven (1960). 4 for Texas (1963) Veteran filmmaker Robert Aldrich (The Dirty Dozen) directed this free-wheeling western comedy, set in Galveston, Texas, about two rival couples — Martin and Anita Ekberg, Frank Sinatra and Ursula Andress — who must join forces to save their gambling boat from a corrupt banker (Victor Buono) and a murderous outlaw (Charles Bronson). Believe it or not, The Three Stooges also figure into the action. The Sons of Katie Elder (1965) Martin is reunited with Rio Bravo co-star John Wayne in Henry Hathaway’s enduringly popular and surprisingly influential western about brothers who reunite for the funeral of their saintly mother — and uncover new clues in the mystery of their father’s violent death. Wayne (as John Elder) and Martin (Tom Elder) are joined by Michael Anderson Jr. (Bud Elder) and Earl Holliman (Matt Elder) as the avenging siblings. Decades later, filmmaker John Singleton freely admitted to using this movie as a template for his own Four Brothers (2005). Rough Night in Jericho (1967) And now for something completely different: Martin is effectively cast against type as the villain of the piece, Alex Flood, a lawman gone bad while taking over the Wild West town of Jericho. George Peppard plays the unlikely hero, a lawman-turned-gambler who risks everything to take on Flood after he falls for the beautiful owner-operator (Jean Simmons) of a stagecoach line. Five Card Stud (1968) As much a murder mystery as a traditional western, director Henry Hathaway’s offbeat drama has Martin cast as Van Morgan, an honest cowpoke who tries, and fails, to stop fellow poker players from lynching a card shark they catch cheating. Months later, Morgan returns to the scene of the crime after hearing that members of the lynch party are being murdered, one by one. Among the likely suspects: Nick Evers (Roddy McDowell), one of the lynch-party instigators, and Rev. Jonathan Rudd (Robert Mitchum), a hell-fire-and-brimstone preacher. Bandolero! (1968) Martin teams with James Stewart in director Andrew V. Laglen’s action-packed shoot-‘em-up. After Mace Bishop (Stewart) saves his brother Dee (Martin) from the gallows, the brothers and their gang high-tail it out of town with a hostage: Maria (Raquel Welch), the beautiful widow of a wealthy rancher Dee shot during a robbery. Truth to tell, Maria never thought much of her husband, so it’s not long before she’s sweet on Dee. Trouble is, they’re pursued by a relentless sheriff (George Kennedy) who’s a-hankering to claim Maria for his own. MOST POPULAR	My Darling Clementine Movie Review (1946) \| Roger Ebert Tweet "What kind of town is this?” Wyatt Earp asks on his first night in Tombstone. “A man can't get a shave without gettin' his head blowed off.” He gets up out of the newfangled barber's chair at the Bon Ton Tonsorial Parlor and climbs through the second-story window of a saloon, his face still half lathered, to konk a gun-toting drunk on the head and drag him out by the heels. Advertisement Earp ( Henry Fonda ) already knows what kind of town it is. In the opening scenes of John Ford's greatest Western, “My Darling Clementine” (1946), he and his brothers are driving cattle east to Kansas. Wyatt, Virgil and Morgan leave their kid brother James in charge of the herd and go into town for a shave and a beer. As they ride down the main street of Tombstone, under a vast and lowering evening sky, gunshots and raucous laughter are heard in the saloons, and we don't have to ask why the town has the biggest graveyard west of the Rockies. Ford's story reenacts the central morality play of the Western. Wyatt Earp becomes the town's new marshal, there's a showdown between law and anarchy, the law wins and the last shot features the new schoolmarm--who represents the arrival of civilization. Most Westerns put the emphasis on the showdown. “My Darling Clementine” builds up to the legendary gunfight at the OK Corral, but it is more about everyday things--haircuts, romance, friendship, poker and illness. At the center is Henry Fonda's performance as Wyatt Earp. He's usually shown as a man of action, but Fonda makes him the new-style Westerner, who stands up when a woman comes into the room and knows how to carve a chicken and dance a reel. Like a teenager, he sits in a chair on the veranda of his office, tilts back to balance on the back legs and pushes off against a post with one boot and then the other. He's thinking of Clementine, and Fonda shows his happiness with body language. Advertisement Earp has accepted the marshal's badge because when he and his brothers returned to their herd, they found the cattle rustled and James dead. There is every reason to believe the crime was committed by Old Man Clanton ( Walter Brennan ) and his “boys” (grown, bearded and mean). An early scene ends with Clanton baring his teeth like an animal showing its fangs. Earp buries James in a touching scene. (“You didn't get much of a chance, did you, James?”) Then, instead of riding into town and shooting the Clantons, he tells the mayor he'll become the new marshal. He wants revenge, but legally. The most important relationship is between Earp and Doc Holliday ( Victor Mature ), the gambler who runs Tombstone but is dying of tuberculosis. They are natural enemies, but a quiet, unspoken regard grows up between the two men, maybe because Earp senses the sadness at Holliday's core. Holliday's rented room has his medical diploma on the wall and his doctor's bag beneath it, but he doesn't practice anymore. Something went wrong back East, and now he gambles for a living, and drinks himself into oblivion. His lover is a prostitute, Chihuahua ( Linda Darnell ), and he talks about leaving for Mexico with her. But as he coughs up blood, he knows what his prognosis is. The marshal's first showdown with Holliday is a classic Ford scene. The saloon grows quiet when Doc walks in, and the bar clears when he walks up to it. He tells Earp, “Draw!” Earp says he can't--doesn't have a gun. Doc calls for a gun, and a man down the bar slides him one. Earp looks at the gun, and says, “Brother Morg's gun. The other one, the good-lookin' fellow--that's my brother, Virg.” Doc registers this information and returns his own gun to its holster. He realizes Earp's brothers have the drop on him. “Howdy,” says Doc. “Have a drink.” Advertisement Twice Doc tells someone to get out of town, and twice Earp reminds him that's the marshal's job. Although the Clantons are the first order of business, Doc and Earp seem headed for a showdown. Yet they have a scene together that is one of the strangest and most beautiful in all of John F	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,977	Which performer opened the 1969 Woodstock festival?	Line Up \| Woodstock Watch Havens perform Freedom. Havens as a live performer earned widespread notice. His Woodstock appearance in 1969 catapulted him into stardom and was a major turning point in his career. As the festival’s first performer, he held the crowd for nearly three hours. In part, Havens was told to continue playing, because many artists scheduled to perform after him were delayed in reaching the festival location with highways at a virtual standstill. He was called back for several encores. Having run out of tunes, he improvised a song based on the old spiritual Motherless Child that became Freedom. The subsequent Woodstock movie release helped Havens reach a worldwide audience. He also appeared at the Isle of Wight Festival in late August 1969. Sweetwater Let the Sunshine In Oh Happy Day The second band that played at the Woodstock Festival was Sweetwater following Richie Havens. Sweetwater arrived later on Friday afternoon because they were stuck in the traffic jam. They started at about 6.15 pm. Sri Swami Satchidananda Sri Swami Satchidananda opened the 1969 Woodstock Music Festival in Bethel, New York on August 15, addressing a crowd of approximately 500,000. “My Beloved Brothers and Sisters: I am overwhelmed with joy to see the entire youth of America gathered here in the name of the fine art of music. In fact, through the music, we can work wonders. Music is a celestial sound and it is the sound that controls the whole universe, not atomic vibrations. Sound energy, sound power, is much, much greater than any other power in this world. And, one thing I would very much wish you all to remember is that with sound, we can make—and at the same time, break. Even in the war-field, to make the tender heart an animal, sound is used. Without that war band, that terrific sound, man will not become animal to kill his own brethren. So, that proves that you can break with sound, and if we care, we can make also.” Bert Sommer I Wondered Where You Be She’s Gone Things Are Going My Way And When It’s Over Jeanette A Note That Read Smile Bert Sommer played on Friday, August 15th. He played for about 30 to 40 minutes (based on the given setlist) accompanied by a bass and a second guitarist. Since he was a talented Folk artist he fit perfectly in the Friday band schedule. Ravi Shankar “Tabla Solo In Jhaptal” “Raga Manj Kmahaj (AIap, Jor, Dhun In Kaharwa Tal)” The Indian music genius Ravi Shankar was for sure someone very special for the Woodstock festival. He made his first appearance to the western world at the Monterey International Pop Festival in 1967, followed by an invitation from Beatle George Harrison. In the wake of spiritualism and the search for new influences his music became very popular but Shankar wasn’t fond of the drug-consuming and partying crowd of young people. Shankar started at about 10 pm on Friday evening and played for over 40 minutes throughout the rain. Tim Hardin “Tuning My Guitar” “Birthday of the Sun” Melanie’s solo set was short but sweet though you can hear her anxiety in her voice. She performed at 11 pm on Friday, the 15th. Melanie played instead of The Incredible String Band who refused to play while it was raining. In an interview with WAMC Radio in Albany, NY broadcast on December 20, 2007, Melanie stated that the producers of the Woodstock Festival maintained offices in the same building that she did. Due to this, Melanie asked to be part of the Festival. During her set the audience lit up candles to accompany the music. Later she wrote a song about that which was a great hit: “Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)”. Arlo Guthrie “Drug Store Truck Driving Man” duet with Jeffrey Shurtleff “I Live One Day at a Time” “Take Me Back to the Sweet Sunny South” “Let Me Wrap You In My Warm and Tender Love” “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” “We Shall Overcome” The female counterpart to Bob Dylan, folksinger and anti-war protester Joan Baez, was the last act on Friday evening. She started at about 1:00 am. Appropriately, she wished everybody a good morning. Her perfectly arranged set combined with her beaut	Mala Album Discography Mala Album Discography By David Edwards and Mike Callahan Last update: June 17, 2003 Mala Records was formed in 1959 as a subsidiary to Bell Records by Bell's President, Al Massler. It was purchased in late 1961 by Larry Utall, then-owner of the Madison label. Utall closed Madison down and shifted his artist roster to the Bell labels. Mala's singles series started in 1959 with a long-forgotten disc by the Hi Boys, "Billy Boy"/"Draw" [Mala 400]. About a dozen singles were issued the first year, including singles by Sy Oliver, Herb Lance (who two years later charted with the Classics on the Promo label with "Blue Moon"), Jeanie Allen, and the Hully Gully Boys. Another dozen singles in 1960 were also by largely unknowns, but they did include a pair of early singles by David Gates ("What's This I Hear"/"You'll Be My Baby", Mala 413, and "Happiest Man Alive"/"The Road That Leads To Love", Mala 418). The year 1961 brought another eighteen mostly forgettable singles, with another David Gates offering mixed in ("Jo-Baby"/"Teardrops In My Heart", Mala 427). Early in 1962, Mala issued a single by R. Dean Taylor ("I'll Remember"/"It's A Long Way To St. Louis", Mala 444), almost a decade before his "Indiana Wants Me" hit in 1970. David Walker, once the lead singer for the gospel group Mighty Clouds of Joy, hit psudonymously as Bunker Hill with "Hide and Go Seek, Part 1" [Mala 451], which made #33. Although Walker had several followup singles, both under his own name and as Bunker Hill, none caught on. In 1963, perennial label-wanderer Link Wray (and his Ray Men/Wraymen) signed with Mala for two singles ("Hold It"/"Big City After Dark", Mala 456 by Ray Vernon and the Ray Men, and "Dancing Party"/"There's A Hole In The Middle Of The Moon", Mala 458, by Link Wray and the Wraymen). Near the end of 1963, the BigTop label folded and Mala took over many of their artists. Don & Juan, Johnny & the Hurricanes, and the Royaltones appeared on Mala about that time. Del Shannon, BigTop's major artist, formed his own label, Berlee, upon leaving BigTop in 1963, but lack of distribution soon discouraged Del, and he eventually settled in at sister label Amy in 1964. In 1964, Mala scored its biggest hit yet with Ronny and the Daytonas' "G.T.O.," a song directed at the then-current car craze and celebrating Pontiac's hot new model of the same name. Ronny and the Daytonas were a Nashville studio group. "Ronny" is John "Bucky" Wilkin, backed by a cast of famous Nashville session men, including Bobby Russell, Chips Moman, Johnny MacRae, and others. A completely different touring group was formed for public appearances. The touring group later recorded as the Hombres ("Let It Out, Let It All Hang Out" on Verve-Forecast). Because of the huge hit, "G.T.O.," Mala re-started their album series with an LP of the same name [Mala 4001]. When the group hit with "Sandy" about two years later, Mala followed with a second album, Sandy [Mala 4002]. Other artists on the roster in 1964 included the Del Satins (Dion's backup group after splitting with the Belmonts), ex-Madison artists Nino & the Ebbtides and Gary Stites, the Rag Dolls ("Dusty"), and Nashville songwriter Chip Taylor (later to write the garage-rock anthem "Wild Thing"). 1965 brought Jimmy Clanton, veteran hitmaker from the Ace label of Jackson, Mississippi, to Mala, but he failed to recapture the magic that got him a number of hits in 1959-63. Also that year, Little Caesar and the Consuls had a hit with "(My Girl) Sloopy" [Mala 512]. They were a Canadian group not to be confused with Little Caesar and the Romans. The Van Dykes were a soul trio from Ft. Worth, Texas, who recorded "No Man Is an Island" for the tiny Hue label before signing with Mala. (They are not the same group that recorded chart records in 1961 on Donna and DeLuxe.) Bobby Wood, a Memphis session man who had had a minor hit with "If I'm a Fool For Loving You" [Joy 285] in 1964, joined Mala in 1966, but failed to dent the charts. The Emperor's [no, I don't know why the apostrophe is in there, either] were a sextet fro	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,978	Which particular part of the body helps one to keep ones balance?	How to Control Your Balance \| Sales Contacts in the United States How to Control Your Balance Balance is vital to normal every day life activities such as getting out of a chair and walking, bending over to put your shoes on, washing your hair, driving a car or going grocery shopping. Just about everything you do in your daily life, whether for work or leisure requires balance control, and most of the time you don’t have to think about it. If balance problems develop, though, they can cause profound disruptions in your daily life. In addition to increased risk for falls, balance disorders can shorten your attention span, disrupt normal sleep patterns, and/or cause excessive fatigue. The balance control process Ability to maintain balance is a complex process that depends on three major components: (1) your sensory systems for accurate information about your body’s position relative to your environment; (2) your brain’s ability to process this information; and (3) your muscles and joints for coordinating the movements required to maintain balance. The sensory systems include your sense of touch (feet, ankles, joints), your vision and your inner ear motion sensors. For example, we rely on our feet and joints to tell us if the surface we are standing on is uneven or moving. We rely on our eyes to tell us if the environment around us is moving or still. And we rely on our inner ears to tell us if we are upright or leaning, or standing still or moving. Balance SensorsNormally, balance control is accomplished “automatically” without requiring our conscious attention. When our balance “auto pilot” is disrupted, we have to exert intense conscious effort to try to overcome the abnormal sensations and maintain control of our balance. This intense effort, in turn, is what leads to the common secondary symptoms such as shortened attention span and fatigue. Loss of balance control In a normal healthy individual our senses of touch (feet, ankles, joints), sight (eyes) and inner ear motion sensors work together in harmony with the brain. A person with a balance disorder, however, may have a problem in any one of these systems, or in multiple systems. In some individuals, one or more of the senses are missing and the person does not realize they are losing their balance. In other people, the brain gets confused and creates an inaccurate sense of falling when in fact the person is in balance. The risk of developing one or more of these problems increases with age as our senses or brain centers are exposed to degenerative or infectious diseases, or the effects of injuries accumulated over a lifetime. Inevitable? Is a loss of balance control an inevitable consequence of aging? No. The natural aging process produces changes in our bodies as we grow older, but these changes do not necessarily result in a loss of balance control or mobility. Healthy seniors are quite able to perform daily life activities normally with few physical limitations. In fact, recent studies have indicated that, elderly fallers are different from their healthy, age-matched counterparts1, 2, 3. Dizziness among older adults can also be caused by a collection of subtle degenerative or infectious processes or injuries that in combination result in a balance problem4. Some individuals experiencing balance problems have an obvious medical diagnosis such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, or even a stroke that are primary sources of the problem. In other individuals with balance difficulties, the cause can even be subtle undetected forms of these diseases. However, diseases are not the only reason our senses and movements may be compromised. A history of injuries, such as concussions, ear infections, or serious sprains or fractures, may contribute to a loss of balance control over time. In addition, various combinations of medications, both prescription and over the counter, can be detrimental to our senses or brain and cause either temporary or permanent damage. Identifying and treating balance disorders Because of the complexity of balance control, not all balance problems	Jeopardy: Insatiable Edition Jeopardy Template 100 What is the USA (Complementing Great Britain that won a gold at every Summer Games.) Think outside Scandinavia. What is the only country that won a gold medal at every Winter Olympics? 100 What is 'Gone with the Wind'? Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler was the main character of this best-selling novel with this moving title. 100 Therapeutic Foot Cream helps heal dry, rough and cracked feet and heels. 100 Who is Robert Harold Ogle? He proposed the fraternity colors. 100 What is the Southern Ocean? The Southern Ocean is the 'newest' named ocean. It is recognized by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names as the body of water extending from the coast of Antarctica to the line of latitude at 60 degrees South. The boundaries of this ocean were proposed to the International Hydrographic Organization in 2000. Historically, there are four named oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic. However, most countries - including the United States - now recognize this body of water as the fifth ocean. 200 What is US Basketball team at the Olympics, the original Dream Team? This statement was made by Chuck Daly. The 1992 team consisting of Larry Bird, Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson is often regarded as the greatest collection of talent on one team in basketball history. "If we lose, it will be the biggest upset in the history of sports." This was the modest statement of a coach in 1992, an Olympic year. Who is 'we'? 200 What is Achilles tendon! Pitt of course played the role of the warrior Achilles in the movie. During the production of the 2004 movie Troy, Brad Pitt suffered an injury of what body part? 200 A smartphone made by the Canadian company Research In Motion. 200 Who is Vertner W. Tandy? He designed the fraternity pin with this initials hidden inside. 200 What is Red Cross? The Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering and is also known by this name. 300 What is the national sport of Japan? 300 What is 'Stomp the Yard'? Will Packer is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc and the producer of this movice 300 This is the third largest United States-based producer of socks, known for its colorful name. 300 Who is Moses Alvin Morrison? He didn't split the Red Sea, nor was he a chipmunk but he did serve as the first General President. 300 Who is Lance Armstrong? In 2012 Travis Tygart was chiefly instrumental in leading the expose of this, now fallen, athlete. 400 What is Fencing? In which Olympic sport do participants wear an electrically conductive jacket called a lamé to define the scoring areas? 400 What is a horse head? In “The Godfather,” what does Jack Wolz find in his bed when he wakes up? 400 What is Black & Decker An American manufacturer of power tools and accessories, hardware and home improvement products, and technology based fastening systems. 400 What is Louisville, KY? "L1C4" may serve as an unofficial motto of The Alpha Lambda chapter located in this U.S. city. 400 What is Holocaust Museum? In 2014, CNN reported that FBI and other law enforcement agencies send their trainees to what Washington, D.C. museum so they can see for themselves how not protecting civil liberties can lead to bigger horrors? 500 What is 'The Lord of the Rings' In 1992 British journalists Andrew Jennings and Vyv Simson wrote a controversial book about the International Olympic Committee chairman Juan Samaranch. Taking a cue from fantasy literature, what did they call it? 500 What is Biltmore Estate near Asheville, North Carolina? This location was chosen by Ridley Scott to signify the huge personal wealth of the character Mason Verger. It built by George Washington Vanderbilt II between 1888 and 1895 and occupies 175,000 square feet. Still owned by Vanderbilt's descendants, it stands today as one of the most prominent remaining examples of the Gild	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,979	"According to the Edward Lear, before ""they danced by the light of the moon"", the Owl and the Pussycat ""dined on mince, and slices of quince"". What did they eat with?"	Poetry Daily Prose Feature - Kay Harel: A Natural History of "The Owl and the Pussycat" With a ring at the end of his nose. "Dear Pig, are you willing to sell for one shilling Your ring?" Said the Piggy, "I will." So they took it away, and were married next day By the Turkey who lives on the Hill. They dined on mince, and slices of quince, Which they ate with a runcible spoon; And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand, They danced by the light of the moon, The moon, the moon, They danced by the light of the moon. This poem is a meme. Maybe not as ubiquitous as "Kilroy was here" but neither is it as ephemeral as this morning's trending hash tag. Edward Lear's ditty has propagated more like the face painted by Edvard Munch in "The Scream," an image that began life as an artwork in nineteenth-century Norway and evolved in twentieth-century North America into an icky Halloween mask. Shock begot schlock. But the musicians, dancers, performance artists, illustrators, and others who have adapted "The Owl and the Pussycat" comprise a who's who of the highbrow, their every act of creative worship another mutation. And yes, the title has spread in the commercial realm, taken up by gourmet bakers, wedding photographers, luxe bath-product enterprises, a pet-therapy center and a body-piercing shop, a dance school and a vintage-clothing store, etc. There is the eponymous 1970 Hollywood romantic comedy, the poster for which was still being sold in 2015 by Wal-mart. When newlyweds Leticia Lacativa and David Fleischman hiked the 2,144 miles of the Appalachian Trail in 1991, they selected Owl and Pussycat as their "trail names," official pseudonyms for registering at trail shelters on cold nights. So when the Owl and the Pussycat went to sea, they began a journey of three centuries and counting, morphing and relaying messages and staying alive. Why? What is the secret of this poem's appeal? Whence its omnipresence? "The Owl and the Pussycat" is one of those "accurate songs" requested by a poet of incontrovertible gravitas, Wallace Stevens, in a masterpiece of his own, "Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction." Edward Lear (1812-1888) was an accurate man. He not only wrote whimsy with perfect pitch, but earned income as a natural-history illustrator and landscape artist, his eye admired by Charles Darwin and John J. Audubon. In 1830, the London Zoo gave Lear a unique permit to enter cages, where he studied, drew, and communed with representatives of many species. The hand-colored lithographs of parrots he made during the early 1830s are breathtaking in detail and delicacy. In 2012, the British monthly The Scientist marked the bicentennial of Lear's birth, lauding "his stunningly accurate scientific illustrations." The magazine paid obeisance to "The Owl and the Pussycat," printing its first verse and an accompanying sketch Lear drew. The drawing is more cartoon than textbook. Nor do Owl and Pussycat behave realistically. The accuracy is in the precision with which Lear steers the story clear of every rocky romantic obstacle he crashed into. "The Owl and the Pussycat" is an idyll of alliance because the two avoid Lear's every quandary about intimacy, quandaries familiar to those of us who navigate humankind to find a beloved and constant companion, but too big for Edward Lear to circumvent. Owl and Pussycat float in an easy love Lear wished for, an easy love for all time. Millions have swooned as Owl and Pussycat danced by the light of the moon. The extreme romance might hint that Lear was too romantic to manage marriage. Edward Lear lived and died a bachelor, a frail and isolated expat, a romantically challenged misanthrope deeply attached to his cat. Lear never courted nor attained union with a human. In his voluminous diaries and letters, Lear was forever pining after lost male friends and elusive women. Lear's biographers have opined that he felt too poor to wed, too ugly, too peripatetic—he was a n	The Owl and the Pussycat Edward Lear's Nonsense Poetry and Art I T he Owl and the Pussy-cat went to seaIn a beautiful pea green boat,They took some honey, and plenty of money,Wrapped up in a five pound note.The Owl looked up to the stars above,And sang to a small guitar,'O lovely Pussy! O Pussy my love,What a beautiful Pussy you are,You are,You are!What a beautiful Pussy you are!' II Pussy said to the Owl, 'You elegant fowl!How charmingly sweet you sing!O let us be married! too long we have tarried:But what shall we do for a ring?'They sailed away, for a year and a day,To theland where the Bong-tree growsAnd there in a wood a Piggy-wig stoodWith a ring at the end of his nose,His nose,His nose,With a ring at the end of his nose. III 'Dear pig, are you willing to sell for one shillingYourring?' Said the Piggy, 'I will.'So they took it away, and were married next dayBy the Turkey who lives on the hill.They dined on mince, and slices of quince,Which they ate with a runcible spoon;And hand in hand, on the edge of the sand,They danced by the light of the moon,The moon,The moon,They danced by the light of the moon. More From This User	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,980	What name is usually given to the giant red star Alpha Orion?	Rigel in Orion is blue-white \| Brightest Stars \| EarthSky Rigel in Orion is blue-white By Larry Sessions in Brightest Stars \| January 7, 2017 Blue-white Rigel, in the constellation Orion, is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. It’s about twice as hot, and 40,000 times brighter, than our sun. Image via Fred Espenak/astropixels.com The beautiful blue-white star Rigel is in the constellation Orion the Hunter. This constellation is one of the easiest-to-spot of all star patterns, and Rigel is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. Follow the links below to learn more about the star Rigel. Rigel in history and mythology. Rigel in Orion How to see star Rigel in constellation Orion. The star Rigel is easy to spot, in part because it’s so bright and also because of its distinctive blue-white color. Plus this star graces a lower corner of one of the sky’s most distinctive constellations, Orion the Hunter. You can catch Orion in the east before dawn in late summer, but on January evenings Orion is riding at its highest in the mid-evening sky. Look for Orion high in the south on these Northern Hemisphere winter evenings. By early March, Orion – with blue-white Rigel in its midst – is high in the south as soon as the sun sets. By early May, it is setting before the sky has a chance to get really dark. To find Rigel, look first for its constellation Orion. You’ll look first for three stars in a short, straight line. These stars mark Orion’s Belt. A line drawn downward at a right or 90-degree angle from Orion’s Belt takes you to Rigel. For comparison, draw the line upward and you come to Betelgeuse , with a distinctive orangish tinge. Do not confuse Rigel with Sirius , which is farther to the east and farther south. Sirius is similar in appearance, but significantly brighter than Rigel. Blue-white Rigel via Clark Planetarium Science of star Rigel. We could not live as close to Rigel as we do to our sun, because its surface temperature is much hotter, about 19,000 degrees F (11,000K) in contrast to about 10,000 degrees F for the sun. Overall, Rigel about 40,000 times brighter than our local star. Earth would need to be about 200 times farther away, or about 5 times as far as Pluto, to bear life in orbit around Rigel. Even then the light would not be the same, as much would be at higher, bluer, wavelengths. Counting all its radiation (not just visible light, but infrared, ultraviolet and so on), Rigel is 66,000 times more powerful than the sun. With such enormous energy, you might be surprised to find that it has only 17 times more mass, and 70 times the width, of our sun. Yet Rigel is not one of the galaxy’s largest stars, as the great video above, by Jon S. on YouTube , shows. At magnitude 0.18, Rigel is the seventh brightest star in the heavens, the fifth as viewed from North America. It is a blue supergiant star, designated as type B8Ia, some 773 light-years from Earth (by Hipparcos data). In other words, the light you may see from Rigel some spring or winter night, started on its journey a least 250 years before Columbus stumbled upon the outskirts of the already populated North America in his failed attempt to sail to the Orient. Star atlases depict Rigel as the left foot of Orion the Hunter. Via the National Radio Astronomy Observatory Rigel in history and mythology. Historically, the brightest star in a constellation receives the designation Alpha, the second-brightest is Beta, and so on. This system isn’t used for Orion’s star, however. Instead, the red star Betelgeuse is Alpha Orionis, and Rigel is Beta. But Rigel is the brighter star. Go figure. This deviation from standard stellar designations might be because Betelgeuse is a variable star and has been known to at least approach Rigel in brilliance. Rigel received the designation Beta Orionis from the German astronomer Johann Bayer in the early 1600s, who sought to systematize the naming conventions. It’s possible Betelgeuse actually was brighter around this time. Nowadays, Rigel outshines Betelgeuse, though. By the way, Rigel is also intrinsically	Ashtart, the Phoenician Great Goddess Roman Ashtart (either "the Star", or "She of the Womb&"), is better known by the name Astarte, the Greek version of Her name. Ashtart is a Semitic Goddess of love and war and the Canaanite Great Goddess who is the cult partner of Ba'al (the King). Semitic describes a group of languages, and by extension, kindred cultures of the Near East and Africa which include Phoenician, Arabic, Hebrew and Assyrian. She is the Deity of the Planet Venus and a Fertility Goddess, and Her cult was known throughout the ancient world for its practice of temple prostitution. She was the main Deity of the cities Sor (more familiarly Tyre), Zidon (Sidon) and Gubla (Byblos), and is frequently shown as an archer either beside or standing on a lion, much like the Babylonian Ishtar , who is quite similar. Snakes and the cypress tree are sacred to Her; and, like the related Arabic Goddess Al-Uzza , whose name, "the Mighty One", is an epithet of Ashtart, the acacia tree is also Hers. As with many of the other Near Eastern Goddesses of the planet Venus, two of Her aspects are that of the Goddess of War and the Goddess of Love. As Venus the Morning Star, Ashtart is a Goddess of War and Hunting; and as the Evening Star, She is the Goddess of Love, Sex, Fertility and Vitality, depicted as a nude woman. In Her role as Goddess of Love She was honored with sexual rites, especially in the city of Sidon or Zidon, and some of Her priests and priestesses there were chosen from the royal family. In the legends of Ugarit (the modern Ras Shamra on the coast of Syria) of the 14th century BCE, Ashtart is mentioned with the virgin Warrior-Goddess Anath ( Anat ) as restraining the young God Ba'al, who wishes to overthrow the River God, Yam. When Yam is taken captive, Ba'al kills him, and Ashtart rebukes him for the murder, cursing Him with His own name. She is sometimes called "Ashtart-Name-of-Ba'al" which may refer to Her magical knowledge of His secret name in which His power resides; the idea of a secret or cult name of a Deity, known only to the initiated, was not uncommon in the area: Jehovah is supposed to possess a secret name of power, uttered by Lilith when She left the Garden; and in a legend of Isis, the great Egyptian Goddess, She brings about the downfall of the aging God Ra by speaking his hidden name. Several gold pendants from Ugarit, dating to about 1300 BCE depict Ashtart in a highly stylized manner. From a flat gold plate, roughly teardrop-shaped, Her face and breasts emerge; and Her pubic area is depicted as a triangle with dots, I assume representing hair. There is also, however, what appears to be a stylized tree "growing" from that triangle and which ends just below Her navel. This "tree" is perhaps to be equated with the Near Eastern Tree of Life. Ashtart was worshipped with the young God 'Adon, son of Malidthu , in the town of Aphek or Aphaca in Palestine, the modern Afka. 'Adon is a title, rather than a name (as is common among the Phoenicians) meaning "Lord", and He may actually be Eshmun, the young God of Health. The site of the town Aphek was known for its stunning beauty, as it was situated high on a cliff from which a river issued to fall in a great torrent. Under the Greek name Adonis (which also means "Lord"), He was a young and very beautiful God with Whom Aphrodite (the Greek equivalant of Athtart) fell in love. Alas, one day while out hunting He was killed by a boar and the Goddess mourned terribly for Him. He represents the young vegetation/crops that are killed in the droughts of the dry season, and the river at Aphek was said to run red with His blood in the rainy season. He had a famous festival in midsummer celebrating His death and resurrection that eventually spread with His worship to Greece, Egypt and Rome, and which was celebrated primarily by women. For some time Ashtart under the name Ashtoreth seems to have been worshipped side by side with the Hebrew God as His consort; He was early on called Ba'al, a general title meaning "Lord", used in the area to refer to each people's particu	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,981	Where would you find Capitoline and Palatine hills?	An Italian Adventure: The Coliseum, Roman Forum, Capitoline & Palatine Hills and the Trevi Fountian - YouTube An Italian Adventure: The Coliseum, Roman Forum, Capitoline & Palatine Hills and the Trevi Fountian Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 28, 2014 We went to the Flavian Amphitheater, The Roman Forum, the Palatine and Capitoline Hills and inside the Palatine and Capitoline Museums. We walked around Rome to the Piazza Navona and to the Pantheon, then later to the Trevi Fountain. Rome, Italy All video and pictures are mine. Disclaimer: I do not own the music used. Pictures In Order of Appearance: Picture 1: The Flavian Amphitheater, looking from the direction of the 7 Hills around the Roman Forum. Picture 2: A columned hall in the Flavian Amphitheater. Picture 3: Inside the Flavian Amphitheater, looking at the seating levels, floor level and the (now partially exposed) underground levels. Picture 4: The Arch of Constantine, commemorating Constantine I's victory at the Battle of Milvian Bridge (the 28th of October, AD 312) and the defeat of his adversary, Maxentius. Dedicated in AD 315. It was undergoing partial restoration at the time. Picture 5: The Arch of Titus, an honorific arch built by Domitian (c. AD 82) to commemorate his older brother Titus' victory over the Jews in the 1st Jewish Revolt and the siege/sack of Jerusalem (AD 70). At which time the Second Temple was burned. Picture 6: The Arch of Titus, depicting the sack of the Jewish Temple, where Roman soldiers are taking the wealth and precious objects from the Temple. Seen distinctly is the Temple's Menorah, the ancient 7-branched Jewish symbol of Judaism and the Temple/Tabernacle. Picture 7: The Arch of Titus, depicting Titus in his chariot, drawn by 4 horses in a parade of victory. Picture 8: The remains of the Hippodrome at Flavian's Palace on the Palatine Hill in Rome. Picture 9: A recovered fresco panel from Flavian's Palace, depicting minute scenes and intricate tiny patterns and designs, held in the Palatine Museum. Picture 10: A bust of a young Nero recovered from Flavian's Palace on the Palatine Hill. The information plate reads: Nerone giovane togato, Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Aug. Germanicus (54-68 AD) Picture 11: A bust of a young Marcus Aurelius recovered from Flavian's Palace, the information plate reads: Marco Aurelio, Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Aug. (161-180 AD) Picture 12: Originally built as Temples in the Roman Forum, the buildings were converted later to church buildings. The small round building with the green door is the 'So-Called Temple of Romulus' identified as built by Emperor Maxentenius, AD 307, to honor his son deceased child son. The tall building next to it, with the arched stairs, is the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina. Dedicated to Faustina in AD 141 by the Senate and then alsoto her husband Antoninus Pius upon his death (138-161 AD). Picture 13: At the front are the remains of the circular Temple of Vesta, goddess of the Hearth. Behind it, rising up to the right, is the remains of the House of the Vestal Virgins, the virginal priestesses dedicated to the service of Vesta, who attended the sacred fire (symbolizing the life and soul of the Roman Empire and its fortunes, a flame that was never allowed to go out) and were considerably powerful women in the political world. Picture 14: The Temple of Caesar, built by Augustus and dedicated in 29 BC, is badly damaged from the structure that was once a high podium with six columns at the front, the remaining damaged altar still receives gifts of coins and flowers. Picture 15: The Roman Forum, looking at the tall square Curia building, the Arch of Septimius Severus and the Capitoline Museum above. The Curia was the council house of the Senate. The Arch of Septimius Severus, AD 203,	The Palatine Bone - Anatomy, Borders and Development \| Kenhub The Palatine Bone Contents The palatine bone is a paired, L-shaped bone that forms part of the nasal cavity and hard palate . It is located between the maxilla and sphenoid bone . Recommended video: Lacrimal bone Anatomy, function and definition of the lacrimal bone. Anatomy The bone consists of a horizontal and perpendicular plate and the pyramidal process.The horizontal plate forms the posterior portion of the hard palate of the oral cavity and is directly inferior to the nasal cavity. The posterior nasal spine sits at the back of the horizontal plate where the two opposing palatine bones articulate. This medial area contains the greater palatine foramen which houses the greater palatine nerve and its corresponding vessels. The perpendicular plate contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity where it borders the pterygoid process of sphenoid bone. The orbital process arises anterosuperiorly forming part of the orbital floor and pterygopalatine fossa. Two further landmarks include the palatine canal (running between the lateral wall of the palatine bone and the maxilla) and the sphenopalatine notch on the superior border which articulates with the sphenoid bone. The pyramidal process extends posteroinferiorly at the junction between the perpendicular and horizontal plate. It comprises the lesser palatine canals where the corresponding nerves and vessels pass through. Borders The palatine bone is bordered by the maxilla anteriorly ( transverse palatine suture ). Posteriorly it has no bony articulations but serves as an attachment to the velum and palatine aponeurosis. Superiorly the orbital process builds the posterior part of the orbital floor. Both palatine bones border each other at their medial surfaces ( posterior median palatine suture ). Ossification All the parts of the palatine bone mature through intramembranous ossification. During embryological development it comprises four ossification centers (located in the pyramidal, orbital and sphenoidal processes and horizontal plate). In newborns both the perpendicular and horizontal plates are equally long, however in the course of childhood the horizontal plate become larger. Pathology The greater and lesser palatine nerves, found in the horizontal plate and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone respectively, are quite sensitive. This is why they need to be anesthetized before the extraction of the upper premolars and molars. For this procedure the needle is inserted on the mesial side of the (adult) second molar 1 cm from the gingival margin. Hereby the dentist ought to be careful not to use too much force and penetrate the greater palatine foramen. For more anatomy and pathology look no further than kenhub.com! Get me the rest of this article for free Create your account and you’ll be able to see the rest of this article, plus videos and a quiz to help you memorize the information, all for free. You’ll also get access to articles, videos, and quizzes about dozens of other anatomy systems. Show references References: Neil S. Norton, Frank H. Netter: Netter’s Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry, 2nd edition, Elsevier Saunders, p.41, 53 W. Dauber: Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Thieme (2007), p.42-43 A. Halim: Human Anatomy - Regional & Clinical - Head, Neck and Brain, Volume 3, LK International Publishing House (2009), p.23-25 Francesco Chiappelli: Osteoimmunopathology, Springer (2011), p.29 Author:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,982	What nationality is the keyboard player Vangelis?	Vangelis - Albedo 0.39 a look at the music of Vangelis Papathanassiou Review This album, the second major project to emerge from the Nemo laboratory, presents Vangelis in scientific mood. It contains a varied selection of high-energy tracks, probably the reason why the two big tunes, ï¿½Pulstarï¿½ and ï¿½Alphaï¿½, almost invariably appear on Vangelis compilation albums. They also must have caught the ear of Carl Sagan, who later used these plus tracks from other albums for his Cosmos TV-series. Like its predecessor ï¿½Heaven and Hellï¿½ this album was followed by a concert in 1977, this time in the Royal Festival Hall. The very striking opening track ï¿½Pulstarï¿½ with its elaborate percussion and shrill keyboard outbursts for a long time remained in Vangelisï¿½ concert-repertoire, each time in a different arrangement. ï¿½Freefallï¿½ (slightly Arabic mood) and ï¿½Mare Tranquillitatisï¿½ (site of the first landing on the moon) are typical of the cold but adventure-filled ï¿½Moon Base Alphaï¿½ or ï¿½Blakeï¿½s 7ï¿½ sort of atmosphere on the album. The longer tracks ï¿½Main Sequenceï¿½ and ï¿½Nucleogenesisï¿½ are both jazzy sorts of improvisations with Vangelis banging away on the drums and the latter also featuring a rather austere church-organ. In-between we find two melodic pieces, the slightly baroque ï¿½Orionï¿½ and ï¿½Alphaï¿½, which of course is an all-time great Vangelis classic, simple yet profound and very well orchestrated in its gradual build-up. A speaking clock is used imaginatively at a few places on the album and the potentially unremarkable summing up of Earth-related physical constants by engineer Keith Spencer-Allen in the closing track manages to achieve a great climax by having the harmonic resolution coincide neatly with the final constant: the Albedo number. A fine album indeed ï¿½ the analog synths may sound a bit ancient nowadays and the depletion of the Earthï¿½s ozone layer may have shifted the Albedo value of 0.39 a bit after all these years, but the music still achieves the maximum 1.0 Krugozor In 1982 issue #10 appeared of a Soviet Union publication called ï¿½Krugozorï¿½, which drew attention to various forms of music (folk, classical) and also contained this small article about Vangelis: One Man Orchestra Two Greek performers of popular music have achieved much recognition over the past decade, and gained an "international reputation" - Demis Roussos and Vangelis Papathanassiou. It would seem they have little in common, one of them a stage singer, the other a serious composer and arranger, a real master of electronic and acoustic keyboards. Nevertheless for five years they were part of one band called "Aphrodite's Child". The band was created in 1968 by the young Greek musicians, living as immigrants in Paris in opposition to the regime of the "black colonels". Many creations of this original ensemble, especially the songs "Rain and Tears" and "It's Five O'Clock" were very successful and still haven't been forgotten today. One of their most interesting projects, the oratorio "666", was first performed in 1972, shortly before the band disintegrated. Keyboard-player Vangelis Papathanassiou, having dismissed the band, began to write symphonic works and music for films. Only in 1975 he returned to the stage simply as Vangelis. Record-company RCA, for which the musician had signed a contract, decided that his surname Papathanassiou was very difficult and that presenters of music programmes wouldn't pronounce it correctly. Since then Vangelis has written more than half a dozen albums, among them "Albedo 0.39", "Spiral", "Beaubourg" and others, on which all instrumental parts are being played by him. Vangelis is considered one of the best keyboard-players in the world. His works, compared to those of other electronic music performers, distinguish themselves by having first of all bright melodies and very full compositions saturated with various intonations from folklore. Secondly, the harmonious originality of his music makes Vangelis draw the attention of many arrangers. In particular, the piece "Pu	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 12th October – The Questions 12th October – The Questions Specialist questions set by Waters Green Rams. General knowledge questions set by Church House, Bollington. All vetted by Harrington Academicals. SPECIALIST ROUNDS- 1. SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE 2. SCIENCE 5. TIME FOR THE KIDS 6. POLITICS ROUND ONE - SINCE YOU’VE BEEN GONE – News stories of the summer 1. Which actor, born Bernard Schwartz in 1925, died in September 2010? TONY CURTIS 2. In June, Princess Victoria married her former personal trainer Daniel Westling. Of which country is she a princess? SWEDEN 3. Which 74 year-old singing Dame received poor reviews when she appeared on a UK stage for the first time in 30 years at the London O2 in May? JULIE ANDREWS 4. What name was given to the tent city that was set up at the top of the San Jose pit shaft in Chile, where 33 miners were trapped? CAMP ESPERANZA (original Spanish name) or CAMP HOPE 5. Goodluck Jonathan became President of which country in May? NIGERIA 6. The Savile Enquiry finally delivered its findings on which event of 38 years ago? BLOODY SUNDAY (January 1972 in Derry) 7. Why was Mary Bale in the news in August? She was filmed on CCTV putting a CAT into a WHEELIE BIN in Coventry. 8. Which major New Zealand city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale? CHRISTCHURCH Supp 1 Which company, with its head-quarters in Windermere, was declared the UK’s best retailer by Which? Magazine? LAKELAND Supp 2 Why was Terry Jones of Gainesville, Florida in the news in September? He planned to BURN copies of the KORAN outside his church. ROUND TWO – SCIENCE 1. Which scientist was born in Shrewsbury in 1809 and died at Down House in Kent in 1882? CHARLES DARWIN 2. Which acid was traditionally known as Oil Of Vitriol or Spirit Of Vitriol? SULPHURIC ACID 3. Which heavenly body has moons called Charon, Nix and Hydra? PLUTO 4. William was in prison in 1770, when he invented the toothbrush. What was his surname, still famous in that field today? ADDIS 5. Besides the elephant, which other African mammal is a source of ivory? HIPPOPOTAMUS 6. An amalgam is a compound containing which metal? MERCURY 7. What name is given to a triangle with sides of unequal length? SCALENE 8. What does a Campbell-Stokes Recorder Record? SUNSHINE (not temperature) Supp 1 Scientist William Harvey (born 1578) is famous for his research into what? THE BLOOD (circulation etc.) Supp 2 What is the more common name for triatomic oxygen? OZONE ROUND THREE – SPORT 1. Tony McCoy finally won his first Grand National in 2010 on his 15th ride in the race. Which horse did he ride? DON’T PUSH IT 2. Name either of the 2008 Ryder Cup captains. PAUL AZINGER or NICK FALDO 3. Which sport would you be taking part in if you used a monkey climber, waggler and a plumb? ANGLING / COARSE FISHING 4. Which county won the 2010 County Cricket Championship? NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 5. Which team won the 2010 Rugby League Challenge Cup? WARRINGTON WOLVES ( bt. Leeds Rhinos 30-6 in the final). Accept WARRINGTON. 6. Where will the final race in the 2010 Formula One Series be held? YAS MARINA circuit in ABU DHABI (accept either) 7. According to Wikipedia, which English football ground has the widest pitch and boasts the tallest floodlights? EASTLANDS (home of Manchester City) 8. Which football club holds the record for the fewest wins in a season in the Premier League? DERBY COUNTY – in 2007/8, their record was Played 38, Won 1, Drawn 8, Lost 29. Supp 1 How many times did Alex Higgins win the World Snooker Championship? TWO Supp 2 Which Rugby Union club has made their Premiership debut in the 2010/11 season? EXETER (Chiefs) ROUND FOUR – GEOGRAPHY 1. Which Irish port was known as Kingstown from 1821, after a visit by George IV, until 1921? DUN LAOGHAIRE (pronounced DUNLEARY) 2. Between 1947 and gaining independence in 1971, by what name was the present-day country of Bangladesh known? EAST PAKISTAN 3. Name an African country that, in its normal English spelling, contains the letter Q. MOZAMBIQUE or EQUATORIAL GUINEA. 4. The islands of Hokkaido a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,983	Sometimes called a ‘Mercyseat’, what is the name of the small wooden shelf on the underside of a folding seat in a church?	Lecture: Misericords: Their Nature and Significance Lecture: Misericords: Their Nature and Significance St George the Martyr Church \| \| View venue details John Dickinson will give a lecture on misericords, drawing on examples from the North West of England. A misericord (sometimes called a 'mercy seat') is a small wooden shelf on the underside of a folding seat in a church, installed to provide a degree of comfort during long periods of prayer. John will describe the often capricious, humerous and compelling images of monks' lives in the Middle Ages which decorated medieval misericords. Venue details St George the Martyr Church Church St Preston Lancashire PR1 3BT Current exhibitions 14 January – 2 April 2017 Free to all 14 January – 13 May 2017 Free with National Art Pass 13 January – 11 March 2017 50% off with National Art Pass 13 January – 19 March 2017 50% off with National Art Pass 7 January – 10 March 2017 Reduced price with National Art Pass	Titanic: The Unsinkable Ship More than three million rivets were used in building the Titanic. The Titanic had three anchors, which had a combined weight of 31 tons. The liner was given several nicknames, including Ship of Dreams, Wonder Ship, Last Word in Luxury, and Millionaire's Special. The Titanic had a number of unique features, including a hospital with an operating room, a swimming pool, and a squash court. Third-class accommodations had only two bathtubsone for men and one for womenwhich had to serve more than 700 passengers. For what would be their final meal on the Titanic, first-class passengers were served an 11-course dinner that included salmon, lamb in mint sauce, and pâté de foie gras. The Titanic's food inventory reportedly included 1,750 quarts of ice cream, 36,000 oranges, 1,500 gallons of milk, and 7,000 heads of lettuce. In addition, there were 8,000 cigars and 1,500 bottles of wine. The 1898 novel Futility by Morgan Robertson seemed to foreshadow the Titanic disaster. The work describes the demise of the Titan, an 800-foot passenger liner that strikes an iceberg on its starboard side in April and sinks with great loss of life due to insufficient lifeboats. Several years before becoming captain of the Titanic, Edward J. Smith stated: I cannot imagine any condition which would cause a ship to founder.Modern shipbuilding has gone beyond that. The radio call sign of the Titanic was MGY. The liner featured new davits that could accommodate at least 48 lifeboats. However, for both financial and aesthetic reasons, White Star decided to carry only 20, which was still 4 more than was required by the British Board of Trade. The Titanic had three types of lifeboats. Fourteen were standard boats, capable of holding approximately 65 people each. Two were emergency cutters, which could carry 40 people. They were designed for quick lowering for such events as a person overboard. There were also four collapsible boats, which had canvas sides and could be folded for easy storage. These lifeboats had a capacity of 47 each. As the Titanic sank, wireless operator Jack Phillips initially sent out a CQD, which was still used even though SOS had become the official distress signal several years earlier. However, after his assistant, Harold Bride, joked that he might not have a chance to use SOS again, Phillips began sending out both distress signals. In CQD, the CQ signifies a general call, and the D represents distress. Contrary to popular belief, SOS does not mean save our ship. The letter combination was selected because of the distinct sound it makes in Morse Code. The Titanic employed a bugler who would play The Roast Beef of Old England to alert passengers when meals were being served. A number of passengers brought dogs on the Titanic. During the sinking, the kennels were reportedly opened. Although accounts differ, it is likely that only two dogs were rescued. The ship's maiden voyage was initially scheduled for March 20, 1912. However, after the Olympic collided with the Hawke, work on the Titanic temporarily halted so that its sister ship could be repaired. Both the Carpathia and the Californian were sunk by German U-boats during World War I. The Britannic, which was still being constructed when its sister ship Titanic sank, foundered after reportedly striking a German mine. Crew members Violet Jessop and John Priest survived the sinkings of both the Titanic and the Britannic. In addition, they were also onboard the Olympic when it collided with the Hawke. After the Titanic sank, a number of people talked of raising the wreck. Among the ideas proposed was filling the hull with Ping-Pong balls. In the wake of the disaster, White Star contracted several boatsnotably the Mackay-Bennettfor the grim job of retrieving bodies. Badly deteriorated corpses were buried at sea, while the others were brought to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and placed in a curling rink until being claimed. Among the bodies recovered was John Jacob Astor's. He was assigned number 124 by the Mackay-Bennett, and his effects in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,984	Which writer created the character of 'Detective Inspector Jane Tennyson'?	Detective Chief Inspector Jane Tennison - Police Detective Detective Chief Inspector Jane Tennison Jane Tennison is a character in the British police procedural television drama that was created by Lynda La Plante and broadcasted in 1990âs and 2000âs. Jane is a British Detective Chief Inspector in Metrolpolitan Police Division starring Helen Mirren in the role which was appreciated a lot by the viewers. The show clearly depicts that how a female manages to remain in the profession when it is highly dominated by males. The show also received Edgar Award in Best TV show category. The whole series focuses the role of a woman in Police Division and later she gets promoted as Detective Superintendent. Prime Suspect There are seven series of Prime Suspect and all the series are 100 and 200 min long. All the series shows the courage of detective Jane Tennison and how she investigates all the mysteries. She has four members in her team who help her in all the investigations. Prime Suspect is based on Police Procedural format and is created by Lynda La Plante. Lynda is a great writer and has a great record for writing several novels about investigations. There are seven series which are included with nine episodes. All the episodes are exceptionally interesting and retain the interest of the customer from starting to the end. Series The whole series was produced under the banner of Granada Television ITV productions. ITV productions have a reputed name in the world of fictional stories and characters. They have been released around 15 fictional characters and all the characters are published in the novels too. The whole series of Prime Suspect was run from 7th April 1991 to 22 October 2006. However, there are several breaks in the broadcasting of this serial but in the end they succeed in completing the series. This is the first series of this type in which a woman holds a very responsive position in Detective Agency. The first part of Prime Suspect features sexism at workplace and the other parts are also based on this theme. The second part features the institutional racism and the third one features pedophilia, prostitution and child abuse. As there is a lady at the top position in large detective agency, Jane had to fight with her work life and relationships. She needs to maintain a perfect balance between her job and her private life. With the progression of series, she became alcoholic due to increased stress and tension but she soon get successful in tackling the alcohol addiction. The series of Prime Suspect are in multiple episodes and every part is included with 31/2 hours and was divided into three or four parts. Three Cases Prime Suspect 4 was exceptionally long and was divided into three cases in which every case was 41/2 hours long. Prime Suspect was aired in 1991 and was divided into two parts. Prime Suspect 2 was aired in 15th December 1992 and was 203 min long. Prime Suspect 3 was aired in 19th December and its length is 207 min. Prime Suspect 4 has three parts with different titles including Lost Child, Inner Circles and Scent of Darkness. So, this character or series is the successful interms of providing complete entertainment to the audience.	Rochester vs. St. John Rivers: or Why Jane Eyre Preferred a Cynical Sinner to a Religious Zealot Rochester vs. St. John Rivers: or Why Jane Eyre Preferred a Cynical Sinner to a Religious Zealot Peter Bolt , English Department, North East Worchester College [All page and chapter references are to the Penguin Classic edition of the novel which contains an introduction and notes by Michael Mason.] I: The Bible, the Prayer Book and Jane Eyre hen the novel "Jane Eyre" opens it is with the line "there was no possibility of taking a walk that day...the cold winter had brought with it clouds so sombre..." (13) We know it is winter. Why did Charlotte Brontë chose to tell the reader the actual month, and why did she choose November? That the day chosen was in November is the starting point of this article. The intention is to show that every date mentioned in Jane Eyre has a significance far beyond the mere chronological charting of time lapses. It allows Brontë to hide within the narrative both a deep religious knowledge and strong Christian principles. In turn, this enables the weaving of an intricate web of ethics and morals passed onto countless generations of English children by such as her father, the Reverend Patrick Brontë. The effect is achieved in this novel, by constant, but unstated referral to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. It is the book that governed England from 1662 until at least the middle of the nineteenth century. The "drear November day" does not have a specific date attached in Jane Eyre. If we look in the Anglican Book of Common Prayer we shall see that November 1st is set aside as All Saints Day. The Prayer Book has "Lessons" taken from the Holy Bible to be read on that particular day. They are taken from the Apocrypha (itself a Greek word meaning "hidden") Wisdom chapter III to v10 and Wisdom chapter V to v17. The first Lesson commences, "But the souls of the first are in God"s hand, and torment shall not touch them...". The second Lesson begins, "Then the just man shall make his stand full of assurance, to confront those who oppressed him...". Readers of Jane Eyre will realise that these two passages, when read in full, contain the total sum of Jane Eyre"s experiences in the Brontë novel. The dates do not have a significance outside the novel and at first glance seem to be of little importance within the novel. Indeed, so off-hand are the mention of the dates, a reader would easily be excused for missing the emphasis and therefore the reason for naming the actual day of the event reported. However, these dates, as communicated by Brontë, are linked to an integral part of her daily life at Haworth Vicarage. The dates in the form presented to the reader in Jane Eyre are so vital to the novel that, when interpreted, a whole new perspective is opened up to the audience. The novel moves on from a Gothic melodrama, to a work of deep religious conviction. The author metamorphoses from an isolated, naive clerics daughter with a penchant for fantasy worlds, to a passionate campaigner determined to break free from the restrictions imposed upon an intelligent, articulate mid-Victorian female without wealth or influence. It is a record of the authors existence. In this article, the motives are exposed by examining the significance of these dates alongside other devices used within the novel. Through this, the novel will be seen as nothing less than the story of a pilgrimage, a journey through life by a young Christian woman. During the course of her pilgrimage, she will be exposed to hypocrisy, deceit and spiteful condescension. Jane will be offered both an unchristian marriage, and than a loveless marriage. Only her belief in God"s teachings will save her from both. Other Portions of This Essay	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,985	In which city are the headquarters of the European	World’s Most Popular Business Cities World’s Most Popular Business Cities SHARES » more from Asia-Pacific News World's Most Popular Business Cities A shift in economic growth from the West to emerging markets over the past decade has led to the emergence of new business hubs across the world. Regions such as Asia, the Middle East and South America have seen rapid economic growth, coupled with improved infrastructure, and in some cases, lighter regulation. Multinational organizations have rushed to capitalize on this, increasing the number of people they hire in these countries and setting up new offices in emerging markets. For example, banks including HSBC and Barclays have said they will increase hiring in Asia, while cutting staff in developed markets. GE, for example, has moved the headquarters of its X-ray business to Beijing from the U.S. The emergence of these new business centers has sometimes come at the expense of the traditional centers such as New York, Frankfurt and London. But it hasn't always been smooth. Dubai, which experienced huge investments in real estate over the past decade, faced a property bust in 2009. We decided to look at the top business hubs in the world based on research by global real estate firm CB Richard Ellis, which surveyed 300 of the world's largest companies, including Fortune 500 firms and other non-listed entities, such as law firms. The ranking is based on what percentage of these companies have offices in these cities. We've matched that with the cost of renting office space in the central business districts (CBDs) of these hubs from real estate firm Cushman & Wakefield. Office rent cost is measured in square meter per year. The results might surprise you with some of the largest North American cities absent. So which cities are the world's most popular business hubs? Click ahead to find out. By: Rajeshni Naidu-Ghelani (Posted: August 16, 2011)	Log In - New York Times Log In Don't have an account? Sign up here » In order to access our Web site, your Web browser must accept cookies from NYTimes.com. More information »	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,986	The Jewish King Solomon was the son of whom?	King Solomon \| Jewish Virtual Library Tweet The biblical King Solomon was known for his wisdom, his wealth and his writings. He became ruler in approximately 967 B.C.E. and his kingdom extended from the Euphrates River in the north to Egypt in the south. His crowning achievement was the building of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem . Almost all knowledge of him is derived from the biblical books of Kings I and Chronicles II . Solomon was the son of King David and Bathsheba. Solomon was not the oldest son of David , but David promised Bathsheba that Solomon would be the next king. When Davids elder son Adonijah declared himself king, David ordered his servants to bring Solomon to the Gihon spring where the priest anointed him while David was still alive. Solomon inherited a considerable empire from his father. At first Solomon was faced with opposition. Two of Davids closest advisors, Joab son of Zeruiah and the priest Abiathar, sided with Adonijah. When Adonijah came to Solomon and requested the kings servant as a wife, Solomon saw that this was a veiled threat to take over his kingdom and sent a messenger to kill Adonijah. He banished Abiathar to the city of Anathoth. Solomon then followed his fathers last instructions in which David had ordered him to kill both Joab and one of his fathers enemies, Shimei son of Gera. Solomon thus overcame the last potential threats to his kingdom. He then appointed his friends to key military, governmental and religious posts. Solomon accumulated enormous wealth. He controlled the entire region west of the Euphrates and had peace on his borders. Kings I states that he owned 12,000 horses with horsemen and 1,400 chariots. Remains of stalls for 450 horses have in fact been found in Megiddo . Solomon strengthened his kingdom through marital alliances. Kings I records that he had 700 wives and 300 concubines, although some regard this number as an exaggeration.2 He had a large share in the trade between northern and southern countries. He established Israelite colonies around his province to look after military, administrative and commercial matters. The empire was divided into twelve districts, with Judah constituting its own political unit and enjoying certain privileges. Although Solomon was young, he soon became known for his wisdom. The first and most famous incident of his cleverness as a judge was when two women came to his court with a baby whom both women claimed as their own. Solomon threatened to split the baby in half. One woman was prepared to accept the decision, but the other begged the King to give the live baby to the other woman. Solomen then knew the second woman was the mother. People from surrounding nations also came to hear	The Destruction of the First Holy Temple - Tisha B'Av and the 3 Weeks Tisha B'Av and the 3 Weeks The Destruction of the First Holy Temple The Destruction of the First Holy Temple Discuss (39) Two Temples stood in succession on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The First Temple was constructed by King Solomon, based on detailed plans that G‑d had given to his father, King David through the prophet Nathan. King David had wanted to build it himself, but was told that his son would be the one to do it. In the fourth year of his reign, 833 BCE, King Solomon found himself at peace with his neighbors and began the construction of the Temple. The site chosen by King David was the top of Mount Moriah, where Abraham had once proved his readiness to offer up his dearly beloved son in obedience to G‑d's command. It was the archetype of the "dwelling for G‑d in the physical world" that is the purpose of creation.Tens of thousands of men were needed to perform the many tasks required for the gigantic undertaking. Men were sent to Lebanon to cut down cedar trees. Stones were hewn near the quarries, and then brought up to Moriah, there to be fitted together. In the valley of the Jordan the bronze was cast. Craftsmen were brought in from Tyre to help perfect the work. Ships set sail eastward and westward to bring the choicest materials for the adornment of the House of G‑d. It took seven years to complete the Temple. In the twelfth year of his reign, in 827 BCE, King Solomon dedicated the Temple and all its contents. The Ark of the Covenant was brought into the Temple amidst inaugural celebrations that lasted for seven days. For the next 410 years, the Jewish people would bring daily offerings in this magnificent edifice, and here the nation would gather three times a year to "see and to be seen by the face of G‑d." Here the Divine Presence was manifest. Ten daily miracles – such as the wind never extinguishing the fire on the altar – attested to G‑d's presence in the Temple. This was the archetype of the "dwelling for G‑d in the physical world" that is the purpose of creation. Solomon's reign was a golden era. His capital became the center of wisdom, riches, and splendor. Monarchs as well as ordinary people came to gaze on all the marvels to be seen there, and left wide-eyed with amazement and awe. The Land of Israel developed into a great center of commerce. The Jews lived in peace and happiness, "every man under his vine and under his fig tree." The Beginning of the End At the end of King Solomon's life, he was guilty of indiscretions unbefitting his great stature. G‑d told him he would be punished. After his death, the kingdom would be torn in two. Indeed, after Solomon's death, the ten northern tribes refused to accept his son Rehoboam as their king. In 796 BCE, the country was divided into two kingdoms: the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah (containing Jerusalem) in the south. The kings of the Kingdom of Israel practiced idolatry, but so did many of the kings of the Kingdom of Judah. G‑d sent prophets repeatedly to admonish the Jews, but they refused to change their ways, choosing instead to deride these prophets as false messengers coming to discourage them with predictions of destruction. G‑d sent prophets repeatedly to admonish the Jews, but they refused to change their waysIn one egregious example, in 661 BCE, the prophet Zechariah ben Jehoiada chastised the nation for their sins, warning them of the grave punishments that would befall them if they would not change their ways. Rather than accept his rebuke, the nation stoned Zechariah to death in the Temple courtyard. Incredibly, this occurred on Yom Kippur. Rather than allowing Zechariah's blood to settle into the earth, G‑d caused it to bubble up. The people tried to cover it with earth, but it continued to seethe for the next 252 years, until the Destruction of the Temple (more on this later on). As a result of the disobedient and corrupt behavior of the Jews, G‑d did not provide either kingdom with the peace and security that the united kingdom had enjoy	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,987	Who was the first female presenter of Top Gear	Angela Rippon up for return as Top Gear presenter - Telegraph Celebrity news Angela Rippon up for return as Top Gear presenter Newsreader Angela Rippon, the first presenter of Top Gear, says she would return to present the show following Jeremy Clarkson's sacking and would like to see a woman back at the helm Miss Rippon, who was the nation's first female newsreader, is calling for a female host to be part of the new Top Gear team Photo: Andrew Crowley/The Telegraph By Nicola Harley 9:26AM BST 17 Apr 2015 Presenter Angela Rippon has put her name in the hat to be the next Top Gear presenter - 38 years after she became the show's first presenter. The former newsreader, who was the show's first presenter in 1977, says it would be "great" if the BBC invited her back to host the show following Jeremy Clarkson's departure. Angela Rippon at the wheel of a huge Leyland truck in the original series of Top Gear in 1978 (Rex) The 70-year-old told the Mirror she "loves cars", adding: "So it would be great if they said, 'Lets get the old girl back to do the odd film for us'. "What I did all those years ago is totally different to what they do now. If a programme is going to have longevity, which Top Gear has, it has to keep evolving." Jeremy Clarkson was sacked in March for his “unprovoked physical and verbal attack” on a Top Gear producer. Angela Rippon in period costume for a spin in a 1911 Belsize car for Top Gear Miss Rippon, who was the nation's first female newsreader, is calling for a female host to be part of the new Top Gear team. She added: "There are lots of brilliant motoring journalists, broadcasters, professional drivers - men and women - who could all give it a new look. And if the producers want to give it a new feel, that's the way they will go. But I do think there should be a woman who should be part of the team. After all, half the drivers on the road are women." Jodie Kidd on Channel 5’s Classic Car Show Former supermodel and car fanatic Jodie Kidd has also been potentially linked to the role. Clarkson was found guilty of “a physical altercation accompanied by sustained and prolonged verbal abuse of an extreme nature” that left his victim, Oisin Tymon, in need of hospital treatment at an A&E department. The presenter had failed to maintain “standards of decency and respect” at work, director-general of the BBC Lord Hall said. Lord Hall said continuing Top Gear in 2016 "will be a big challenge and there is no point in pretending otherwise." The investigation, conducted by BBC executive Ken McQuarrie, found that Clarkson hit Tymon in an unprovoked attack at the Simonstone Hall Hotel in North Yorkshire. Last year Miss Rippon criticised the BBC over the salaries paid to female presenters after it emerged the co-hosts of one of corporation's most popular shows Rip Off Britain earned just one fortieth of their counterparts on Match of the Day.	BBC SPORT \| TV/Radio Listings \| Sports Personality \| Did you know? Did you know? A potted history of the Sports Personality of the Year awards. BBC's Sports Personality of the Year was created in 1954 by Sir Paul Fox, then editor of the magazine show Sportsview, and presenter Peter Dimmock. Dimmock was the first of nine presenters. Frank Bough, Harry Carpenter, Des Lynam, Steve Rider, Sue Barker, Gary Lineker, Clare Balding and John Inverdale have all played their part since. Bough was the longest running presenter, notching up a record 19 shows between 1964 and 1982. The first recipient of the BBC Television Personality of The Year award in 1954 was long-distance runner Chris Chataway. Paula Radcliffe's win in 2000 was the 16th time a track and field athlete had received the accolade. Only three people have won the award twice: Henry Cooper (1967 and 1970), Nigel Mansell (1986 and 1992) and Damon Hill (1994 and 1996). In 1960, the first Overseas Personality of the Year award was picked up by Australian athlete Herb Elliott. The same year, the inaugural Team of the Year prize was presented to the Cooper Formula One Racing team. Swimmer Anita Lonsbrough was the first female to win Personality of the Year in 1962. Skating duo Torvill and Dean won Team of the Year twice (1982 and 1983) and Sports Personality of the Year once, in their golden year of 1984. Bobby Moore, Nick Faldo, showjumper David Broome, Steve Redgrave and David Beckham are the only others to have collected the individual prize and been part of a winning Team of the Year. Muhammad Ali has been named Overseas Personality of the Year a record three times (1973, 74 and 78), and the resulting interviews were further proof as to why. After athletics, with 16, motor racing has provided the most individual award winners, with six. Boxing and football have thrown up four, cricket, tennis and ice skating three, with cycling, rowing and snooker providing one winner each. No rugby union player has ever won Sports Personality of the Year, although Will Carling finished second. When Mary Peters collected her award from 1971 winner Princess Anne, the athlete joked: "Haven't you kept it clean?" Before Michael Owen won the award in 1998, ice skaters had been honoured more than footballers with the main award. David Beckam put the footballers ahead 4-3 two years ago. The Team of the Year prize has been won four times by the Ryder Cup Golf team (1985, 1987, 1995 and 2003). The West Indies cricket team won the team prize in 1963, the only entirely overseas outfit to have done so. The Overseas Personality of the Year for 1996 was shared for the first time, boxer Evander Holyfield and Olympic athlete Michael Johnson dividing the spoils. The show is broadcast live from BBC Television Centre. Several new awards have been introduced in recent years. Sir Alex Ferguson was named as the first winner of the Coach of the Year award in 1999 The Manchester United manager won a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001 Dean Macey and Jenson Button won the Newcomer of the Year awards in 1999 and 2000 respectively That award was replaced by the Young Personality of the Year prize in 2001 The Helen Rollason Award, named after the former BBC sports presenter who died after a brave battle against cancer, was introduced in 1999. Four awards have been presented only once. Manager of the Year - Leeds United's Don Revie (1969) Special Team Award - GB men's 4x400m team (1986) Good Sport Awards - Derek Warwick, Martin Donnelly, Louise Aitken-Walker for motorsport (1990) International Team Award - Alan Bond and the crew of Australia II in sailing (1983) Links to more Sports Personality stories	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,988	For which film did John Mills receive an Oscar?	John Mills - Biography - IMDb John Mills Jump to: Overview (5) \| Mini Bio (1) \| Spouse (2) \| Trivia (44) \| Personal Quotes (8) Overview (5) John Lewis Ernest Watts Mills Nickname 5' 8" (1.73 m) Mini Bio (1) Sir John Mills, one of the most popular and beloved English actors, was born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills on February 22, 1908, at the Watts Naval Training College in North Elmham, Norfolk, England. The young Mills grew up in Felixstowe, Suffolk, where his father was a mathematics teacher and his mother was a theater box-office manager. The Oscar-winner appeared in more than 120 films and TV movies in a career stretching over eight decades, from his debut in 1932 in Midshipmaid Gob (1932) through Bright Young Things (2003) and The Snow Prince (2009). After graduating from the Norwich Grammar School for Boys, Mills rejected his father's academic career for the performing arts. After brief employment as a clerk in a grain merchant's office, he moved to London and enrolled at Zelia Raye's Dancing School. Convinced from the age of six that performing was his destiny, Mills said, "I never considered anything else." After training as a dancer, he started his professional career in the music hall, appearing as a chorus boy at the princely sum of four pounds sterling a week in "The Five O'Clock Revue" at the London Hippodrome, in 1929. The short, wiry song-and-dance man was scouted by Noël Coward and began to appear regularly on the London stage in revues, musicals and legitimate plays throughout the 1930s. He appeared in a score of films before the war, "quota quickies" made under a system regulating the import of American films designed to boost local production. He was a juvenile lead in The Ghost Camera (1933), appeared in the musical Car of Dreams (1935), and then played lead roles in Born for Glory (1935), Nine Days a Queen (1936) and The Green Cockatoo (1937). His Hollywood debut was in Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939) with Robert Donat , but he refused the American studios' entreaties to sign a contract and returned to England. Mills relished acting in films, finding it a challenge rather than the necessary economic evil that many English actors at the time, such as Laurence Olivier , felt it was, and it was the cinema that would make him an internationally renowned star. He anchored his film career in military roles, such as those in his early pictures Born for Glory (1935) (a.k.a. "Forever England") and Raoul Walsh 's You're in the Army Now (1937). He appeared in the classic In Which We Serve (1942), where he worked with his mentor Coward and with Coward's co-director David Lean , who would go on to direct Mills in some of his most memorable performances. Throughout his film career Mills played a wide variety of military characters, portraying the quintessential English hero. He later tackled more complex characterizations, such as the emotionally troubled commander in Tunes of Glory (1960). He also played Field Marshal Haig in the satire Oh! What a Lovely War (1969) that mocked the entire genre. However, it was in his World War II films, which included We Dive at Dawn (1943), Waterloo Road (1945) and Johnny in the Clouds (1945), that Mills established himself as an innovative English film star. With his ordinary appearance and everyman manner, Mills seemed "the boy-next-door," but the Mills hero was decent, loyal and brave, as well as tough and reliable under stress. In his military roles, he managed throughout his career to include enough subtle variations on the Mills heroic type to avoid appearing typed. He could play such straight heroes as Scott of the Antarctic (1948) as well as deconstruct the type in Ice Cold in Alex (1958) and "Tunes of Glory." The latter film features one of his finest film roles, that of the brittle Col. Basil Barrow, the new commander of a Scots battalion. Mills superbly played an emotionally troubled martinet in a role originally slated for Alec Guinness , his Great Expectations (1946) co-star, who decided to take the flashier role of the colonel's tormentor. It was one of Mills' favorite ch	1998 Academy Awards® Winners and History The Thin Red Line (1998) Actor: ROBERTO BENIGNI in "Life is Beautiful", Tom Hanks in "Saving Private Ryan", Ian McKellen in "Gods and Monsters", Nick Nolte in "Affliction", Edward Norton in "American History X" Actress: GWYNETH PALTROW in "Shakespeare in Love", Cate Blanchett in "Elizabeth", Fernanda Montenegro in "Central Station", Meryl Streep in "One True Thing", Emily Watson in "Hilary and Jackie" Supporting Actor: JAMES COBURN in "Affliction", Robert Duvall in "A Civil Action", Ed Harris in "The Truman Show", Geoffrey Rush in "Shakespeare in Love", Billy Bob Thornton in "A Simple Plan" Supporting Actress: JUDI DENCH in "Shakespeare in Love", Kathy Bates in "Primary Colors", Brenda Blethyn in "Little Voice", Rachel Griffiths in "Hilary and Jackie", Lynn Redgrave in "Gods and Monsters" Director: STEVEN SPIELBERG for "Saving Private Ryan", Roberto Benigni for "Life is Beautiful", John Madden for "Shakespeare in Love", Terrence Malick for "The Thin Red Line", Peter Weir for "The Truman Show" There were two notable firsts for this year's Oscars awards ceremony broadcast on ABC-TV. The 71st annual Academy Awards show was held on March 21, 1999 and hosted by Whoopi Goldberg to honor 1998's films. It marked the first time the ceremony was held on a Sunday, and it was the longest ceremony ever held up to this point, clocking in at 4 hours and 2 minutes. The Best Picture nominees for 1998 included five films with only two major subjects areas or settings: World War II and Elizabethan England. The Best Picture Oscar winner and over-all Oscar champ, in a major darkhorse upset, was the light-hearted, factual and fanciful romantic comedy/costume drama Shakespeare in Love about the struggling, writing-blocked, and romantically-afflicted bard in 16th century London. It told the fanciful background story of how the romantic love story, Romeo and Juliet, was composed, when the the bard was writing an earlier version titled "Romeo and Ethel, the Sea Pirate's Daughter". The film was a hybrid blend, but could be considered the first romantic comedy to win Best Picture since Annie Hall (1977) . [It was the last comedy film, to date, to win Best Picture.] The film had thirteen nominations and seven Oscars (Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Original Screenplay (co-written by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard), Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, and Best Original Musical or Comedy Score). [It has the most Oscar awards (7) for a film that didn't win Best Director.] Shakespeare in Love gave Britisher John Madden his first Best Director nomination - his previous work consisted of only three little-known feature films, one of which was Mrs. Brown (1997). [Only two other films in Oscar history have had more nominations: Titanic (1997) and All About Eve (1950) - each with 14.] Two of the film's three performance nominations were awarded Oscars - only Geoffrey Rush failed to win his bid. The second runner-up in Oscar awards and nominations was Best Director-winning Steven Spielberg's realistic war epic Saving Private Ryan with eleven nominations and five awards - mostly in technical categories (Best Director, Best Cinematography (Janus	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,989	Wigan Rugby League player Chris Mather and management consultant, Patrick King, were both, at one time or another, married to which TV personality?	Astrology: Carol Vorderman, date of birth: 1960/12/24, Horoscope, Astrological Portrait, Dominant Planets, Birth Data, Biography 1st Fire sign - 1st Cardinal sign (spring equinox) - Masculine In analogy with Mars, his ruler, and the 1st House Aries governs the head. His colour is red, his stone is the heliotrope, his day is Tuesday, and his professions are businessman, policeman, sportsman, surgeon... If your sign is Aries or your Ascendant is Aries: you are courageous, frank, enthusiastic, dynamic, fast, bold, expansive, warm, impulsive, adventurous, intrepid, warlike, competitive, but also naive, domineering, self-centred, impatient, rash, thoughtless, blundering, childish, quick-tempered, daring or primitive. Some traditional associations with Aries: Countries: England, France, Germany, Denmark. Cities: Marseille, Florence, Naples, Birmingham, Wroclaw, Leicester, Capua, Verona. Animals: Rams and sheeps. Food: Leeks, hops, onions, shallots, spices. Herbs and aromatics: mustard, capers, Cayenne pepper, chilli peppers. Flowers and plants: thistles, mint, bryonies, honeysuckles. Trees: hawthorns, thorny trees and bushes. Stones, Metals and Salts: diamonds, iron, potassium phosphate. Signs: Taurus 1st Earth sign - 1st Fixed sign - Feminine In analogy with Venus, his ruler, and the 2nd House Taurus governs the neck and the throat. Her colour is green or brown, her stone is the emerald, her day is Friday, her professions are cook, artist, estate agent, banker, singer... If your sign is Taurus or your Ascendant is Taurus: you are faithful, constant, sturdy, patient, tough, persevering, strong, focused, sensual, stable, concrete, realistic, steady, loyal, robust, constructive, tenacious. You need security, but you are also stubborn, rigid, possessive, spiteful, materialistic, fixed or slow. Some traditional associations with Taurus: Countries: Switzerland, Greek islands, Ireland, Cyprus, Iran. Cities: Dublin, Palermo, Parma, Luzern, Mantua, Leipzig, Saint Louis, Ischia, Capri. Animals: bovines. Food: apples, pears, berries, corn and other cereals, grapes, artichokes, asparagus, beans. Herbs and aromatics: sorrels, spearmint, cloves. Flowers and plants: poppies, roses, digitales, violets, primroses, aquilegia, daisies. Trees: apple trees, pear trees, fig-trees, cypresses, ash trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: copper, calcium and potassium sulphate, emeralds. Signs: Gemini 1st Air sign - 1st Mutable sign - Masculine In analogy with Mercury, his ruler, and the 3rd House Gemini governs the arms, the lungs and the thorax. His colour is green or silver, his stone is the crystal, his day is Wednesday, his professions are journalist, lawyer, presenter, dancer, salesman, travel agent, teacher... If your sign is Gemini or if your Ascendant is Gemini: you are expressive, lively, adaptable, quick-witted, humorous, sparkling, playful, sociable, clever, curious, whimsical, independent, polyvalent, brainy, flexible, ingenious, imaginative, charming, fanciful but also capricious, scattered, moody, shallow, inquisitive, opportunistic, unconcerned, selfish, fragile, ironical or changeable. Some traditional associations with Gemini: Countries: Belgium, Wales, United-States, Lower Egypt, Sardinia, Armenia. Cities: London, Plymouth, Cardiff, Melbourne, San Francisco, Nuremberg, Bruges, Versailles. Animals: monkeys, butterflies, parrots, budgerigars. Food: dried fruits, chestnuts, ground-level vegetables: peas, broad beans, etc. Herbs and aromatics: aniseed, marjoram, lemon balm, cumin. Flowers and plants: lilies of the valley, lavenders, myrtle, ferns, Venus-hair-ferns, bittersweets. Trees: nut trees such as chestnut trees. Stones, Metals and Salts: agates, mercury, silicas and potashes. Signs: Cancer 1st Water sign - 2nd Cardinal sign (summer solstice) - Feminine In analogy with the Moon, her ruler, and the 4th House Cancer governs the stomach and the breast. Her colour is white or black, her stone is the moonstone, her day is Monday, her professions are catering, the hotel trade, property, antique dealer, archaeologist... If your sign is Cance	Official Report - Parliamentary Business : Scottish Parliament Parliamentary Business back to top The Presiding Officer (Tricia Marwick): Welcome back. It is good to be back with you once more. The first item of business is time for reflection. Our time for reflection leader this afternoon is Matt Oliver, the chief executive of More Than Gold 2014. Mr Matt Oliver (More Than Gold 2014): In a little under a year, 71 nations and territories that make up the Commonwealth will descend on Scotland for the 20th Commonwealth games. The Christian church in Scotland, united under the banner of More Than Gold, will seek to serve the games in a variety of ways. Building on the success of 2012, hundreds of churches will be opening their doors to show the games live on big screens to their communities and provide refreshments. One thousand people from around the world will assist the church in its activities, bringing with them cultural engagement programmes of dance, music and drama. The Salvation Army will distribute 250,000 bottles of cold water to spectators and, in partnership with the Scottish Government, we will provide free accommodation to over 400 members of athletes’ families and to official volunteers. Many of the nations that are competing next year will be able to trace the Christian roots of their countries directly to the great missionaries of the past, many of whom came from this great nation. People such as David Livingstone, Mary Slessor and James Chalmers all contributed to the spread of Christianity throughout the world. However, for an old sportsman such as me, it is Eric Liddell, the Olympic athlete who famously refused to run in the 100m heats as they were due to be run on a Sunday, who epitomises the common values of sport and the gospel. In the film “Chariots of Fire”, Eric famously says: “God made me for a purpose, but he also made me fast. And when I run I feel his pleasure”. Liddell would be given a sporting lifeline when given a place in the 400m, in which he would go on to become an Olympic champion. For Liddell, serving and honouring God was truly worth more than gold. It is the prayer of the team at More Than Gold 2014 that, as Glasgow prepares to host the world’s third-largest sporting event, it will feel God’s pleasure; that, as the church in Scotland rises in unison in acts of service, hospitality and outreach, it will feel God’s pleasure; and that you, as you go about your business in this place today, will feel God’s pleasure. Business Motion The Presiding Officer (Tricia Marwick): The next item of business is consideration of business motion S4M-07570, in the name of Joe FitzPatrick, on behalf of the Parliamentary Bureau, setting out a business programme. Motion moved, That the Parliament agrees the following programme of business— Tuesday 3 September 2013 2.00 pm Time for Reflection followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions followed by Motion of Condolence followed by Topical Questions (if selected) followed by First Minister’s Statement on the Scottish Government’s Programme for Government 2013-14 followed by Scottish Government Debate: Scottish Government’s Programme for Government 2013-14 followed by Business Motions followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions 5.45 pm Decision Time 11.40 am Parliamentary Bureau Motions 11.40 am General Questions 12.00 pm First Minister’s Questions 12.30 pm Members’ Business 2.30 pm Parliamentary Bureau Motions 2.30 pm Equal Opportunities Committee Debate: Where Gypsy/Travellers Live followed by Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments Committee Debate: Report on 6th Report 2013, Draft Code of Practice for Ministerial Appointments to Public Bodies in Scotland followed by Legislative Consent Motion: High Speed Rail (Preparation) Bill – UK Legislation followed by Business Motions followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions 5.00 pm Decision Time 2.00 pm Time for Reflection followed by Parliamentary Bureau Motions followed by Topical Questions (if selected) followed by Scottish Government Debate: Scotland’s Historic Environment – The Way Forw	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,990	What is the title of the 1931 film in which the Marx Brothers are stowaways on an ocean liner?	Monkey Business (1931) Review – Pre-Code.Com Monkey Business: Cruising for Craziness “I want gaiety! I want laughter! I want ha-cha-cha-cha!” Let’s start off with an important note for whenever I talk about the Marx Brothers movies on this site. On Monkey Business, you will notice this at the beginning of the movie: “But Danny!” you’ll say, presuming you actually know my name. “I have literally no idea what this means or why you’re bringing it up.” This is the seal of approval by the Motion Picture Production Code. For those of you who’ve investigated this site or knows what Pre-Code is , this may not require much of an explanation, but you’re getting one anyway: any version of Monkey Business or any other Marx Brothers film from their stint at Paramount is censored. The screen I’ve got above is from when the film was reissued and the cuts were made. Back in the day after the Production Code was enforced, if a studio wanted to re-release a film (which was the only way to make any money on it), it would go through the Production Code Administration. Those with no or minor adjustments would have offending footage excised would be passed, those whose contents were too risque (see Baby Face or Search for Beauty ) would simply be put back on the shelf. In an ironic way, being excessively immoral paid off since those films never had footage removed and lost forever. Unfortunately, the Marx Brothers were always a popular commodity, so the version you are watching is shorter than its original release. There are a few staggered cuts, and a number of lines removed. Whenever you see this stuff in the Marx Brothers movies, it’s important to know it’s not shoddy film making, but lousy censorship. Back Down to the Business of Monkeys Now let’s make it clear: I don’t think the footage removed from Monkey Business added back in would immediately make it a good movie; it’s only a few lines, and it doesn’t make up for the fact that the movie’s structure is so top heavy it’s a wonder that the ship featured at the beginning doesn’t completely topple over. Here’s the setup: the four Marx brothers are stowaways on an ocean liner. They’re not given any names, but fumble around the ship trying to evade detection. This last for about thirty minutes until the brothers find themselves involved in a war between two mafia bosses, with Zeppo and Groucho on one side and Harpo and Chico on the other. Zeppo is in love with one of the boss’s daughters, and at a dinner party after they escape the boat, she is kidnapped and they must all team up to rescue her. The plot is usually considered beneath discussion in Marx Brothers films, and while there are certainly a few where it simply functions as a clothesline, this one is pretty frayed. After the initial mayhem of the films first thirty minutes, momentum grinds to a halt and many of the film’s gags in its second half fall flat. I think it should be a rule that you can tell how bad a Marx film is based on how close to the end Harpo’s serious musical solo arrives. “HONK” SPOILERS until the next section head. Skip at your leisure! Besides the momentum simply dying after their successful escape from the ship, the film’s climax involves Zeppo and a thug involved in a fist fight. Rather than join in, the others stand to the side and either add in commentary or sit nearby making funny faces. Putting Groucho, Chico and Harpo on the sidelines and so flippant during the climax makes them seem callous, and sours the last act of the film further. They’ve become observers in their own film, and their commentary essentially goes a step further to mocking the audience for any interest they may have in seeing the end of the film. It’s a very Marx Brothers thing to do, considering the nihilistic notes that their next two films (Horse Feathers, Duck Soup) would also end (or attempt to end) on. It’s also not as heavy handed as the other films and is mocking institutions rather than people. Here we are merely mocking narrative structures, and those are a bit harder to separate from one’s perceptions than politics or college.	Sailed/Flew the Ocean/Sky Blue in 1492/1984 Coins Tell Stories 8.30.2014 Remember the rhyme from school days? "Columbus sailed the ocean blue in (August) 1492." Another voyage occurred in 1984, but that does not quite rhyme. On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail with three ships from Palos de La Frontera on his voyage of discovery. Columbus captained the larger carrack, the Santa Maria. Two brothers directed the two smaller caravels, the Pinta and the Santa Clara, known as the Niña. After weeks of traveling the wide blue ocean, the voyagers spotted land on October 12, 1492. The ships neared what is now known as the Bahamas. Today, though, historians are not sure which island the explorers saw first. Now, fast-forward 492 years to August 30, 1984. Thirty years ago today, the space shuttle Discovery launched from Kennedy Space Center for her first mission, STS-41-D. Her first mission was the twelfth of the shuttle program. Columbia, the first shuttle to lift off, had six missions by this time. Challenger, the second shuttle, had been into space on five missions. Unfortunately, both the Columbia and the Challenger vehicles were lost, Challenger in January 1986 and Columbia in January 2003. The Discovery, however, gave over 27 years of service and logged the most flight time of any of the spacecraft. During her active life, the Discovery's flight days totaled 364 days, 22 hours, 39 minutes and 29 seconds. Her longest flight was 15 days, 2 hours, 48 minutes and 8 seconds. Overall, Discovery flew 149 million miles over 39 missions and completed 5830 orbits. For her 39th, Discovery's final mission lifted off in February 2011. Only two more shuttle missions followed– the Endeavour in May 2011 and the Atlantis in July 2011, before the shuttle program ended. Shortly after her last flight, the shuttle program decommissioned Discovery on March 9, 2011. After a lengthy decontamination process, Discovery began her trek to her "final wheels stop" place of honor at the Smithsonian's Udvar Hazy Center in Virginia. In the evening of April 19, Discovery came to rest during a ceremony welcoming her home. Happy birthday, Discovery, may you bring enjoyment to the many who visit you and admire your impressive service. Let's remember the August voyages of exploration with the reverse of the 1992 Columbus Commemorative Silver Dollar coin The coin recognizes the historical	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,991	During which sea battle was Horatio Nelson killed?	Horatio Nelson - Timeline - History's HEROES from E2BN Horatio Nelson - Timeline See the key facts • 1758 September 29th - Horatio (Horace) Nelson is born in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk. His father, Edmund, is the local vicar. He is the sixth of 11 children. • 1767 24th December - His mother, Catherine Nelson (nee Suckling), dies, and his grandmother, Ann Suckling, dies on January 5th, just 11 days later. • 1768 Horatio is sent with his brother, William, to King Edward VI’s Grammar School in Norwich, boarding there during term time. • 1769 Horatio is transferred to Sir William Paston’s School, in neighbouring North Walsham, along with his brother William, returning to Burnham Thorpe during school holidays. • 1770 After the Spanish violently take possession of the Falkland Islands, Nelson's uncle, Captain Maurice Suckling, obtains command of the Raisonnable, one of the commissioned ships. Christmas - Nelson asks his brother to write to his father (then staying in Bath) to inform him that Horatio would like to join his uncle in the Navy. • 1771 March or April - Nelson leaves school and travels with his father to his uncle William Suckling’s home in Kentish Town, London. April 24th - Nelson is sent to Sheerness, Kent, where he joins HMS Raisonnable. May 21st - The crew of the HMS Raisonnable are paid off as Britain’s dispute with Spain over the Falkland Islands does not lead to war. May 22nd - Nelson joins his uncle’s next ship, HMS Triumph at Chatham as a captain’s servant. The ship provides no likelihood of active service. July 25th - Nelson starts his first voyage to sea, a 14-month journey to the West Indies. It is not for the Navy but on the Mary Anne, the merchant ship of Captain Rathbone. He works as a midshipman. • 1772 July 7th - Nelson returns to England having gained valuable experience at sea. July 18th - Nelson rejoins his uncle on HMS Triumph, in dock at Chatham, as midshipman. Over the next year he takes command of HMS Triumph’s boats sailing from Chatham down the Thames. • 1773 June 4th - Nelson sails aboard a converted whaler, HMS Carcass, as coxswain, one of two ships on an expedition to survey the Arctic. He nearly gets killed hunting a polar bear. Late July - The ships nearly get trapped in the ice flows. Plans are made to abandon the ships and escape in boats. Nelson volunteers to have charge of a cutter. The men have to saw through ice 12 feet thick to make a passage. The ice breaks in August and they escape. October 28th - Nelson transfers to HMS Seahorse (a 20 gunner) one of two ships about to sail for the East Indies - the furthest Royal naval base from Britain at the time. The ship sets sail on November 19th. • 1775 February 19th - Nelson has his first taste of battle when his ship is attacked by boats belonging to a hostile Indian prince called Hyder Ali. April 12th - Nelson’s uncle, Captain Maurice Suckling, becomes Comptroller of the Navy (the Navy Board’s leading official). April 19th - American War of Independence begins. • 1776 March 14th - Nelson is transferred to the Dolphin on its way to England as he had contracted malaria. He is saved by the care of Captain James Piggot, but will suffer from recurring fevers throughout his life. October 1st - Nelson, aged 17, joins HMS Worcester (a 64 gun ship) on convoy duty in the Channel. Under his uncle's influence, he has been appointed as acting fourth lieutenant. • 1777 April 9th - Nelson passes his degree as Master of Arts (his lieutenant's exam) in London. He joins HMS Lowestoffe, as a full officer, (second lieutenant). The ship is tasked with blockade duties in the West Indies. November 27th - Nelson experiences capturing his first prize, an American brig, the Revolution. Nelson participates despite there being such heavy seas that some other officers refuse. Nelson is given temporary command of the 'Little Lucy'. In this ship between January and April 1778 Nelson independently captures his first prize ships. He also studies a recently discovered bird: the white-necked Jacobin. • 1778 September 5th - Nelson is transferred from HMS Lowestoffe to	London/Leicester Square – Travel guide at Wikivoyage Chinatown[ edit ] Chinatown is centrally located in the West End, along and around Gerrard Street off Leicester Square. It spreads into Wardour Street at one end and Newport Place at the other. London's Chinatown may not be quite as large as those in San Francisco or Vancouver but it is still a great place to dine out in the evening, authentically Chinese and definitely different from anywhere else in London. Trafalgar Square[ edit ] Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square is a large public square commemorating Lord Horatio Nelson's victory against Napoleon's navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The central monument within the square is a single tall column on which the figure of Nelson stands gazing over London and is one of the great iconic images of London. His monument is surrounded by four colossal lions and a series of large fountains. Much more than just an open plaza, Trafalgar Square is famous as the location of a large number of important buildings and institutions that surround the square and fill the streets surrounding it. Trafalgar Square also marks the northern end of Whitehall , the centre of British government. In 2003 Trafalgar Square was renovated and expanded to link up directly with the National Gallery on the north side of the square - a great improvement to the traffic which once completely encircled this, the largest public square in the West End. The early 18th century church of St Martins in the Fields stands at the north-east corner of the square. Just by the church, Charing Cross Road gives access to the fabulous National Portrait Gallery, and leads on further to Leicester Square, Soho and the famous collection of bookstores on the road itself. To the south, Whitehall leads to Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament and 10 Downing Street. Christmas time sees the erection of a large Christmas Tree within the square, the annual gift of the people of Oslo , capital of Norway , as a token of gratitude for Britain's help in WWII. Trafalgar Square is also traditionally the scene of lively celebrations for Londoners on New Year's Eve, though an increasingly heavy police presence has meant that some antics (drunks leaping into the fountains) have all but disappeared. More recently, Trafalgar Square has served as an outdoor venue for concerts and VIP appearances, courtesy of the Mayor of London's Office, which is keen to see Londoners use their public spaces better. Visitors to the square on an ordinary day may also discover small-scale demonstrations and public speakers - the Square is a convenient gathering place near to, but not threatening, the seat of British Government down the road at Westminster. Leicester Square[ edit ] This smallish London square is the site of most British film premieres and the square itself is surrounded by terrifyingly-expensive cinemas — tickets for an evening screening will cost upwards of £17, 3D screenings will cost upwards of £15. At night, Leicester Square becomes exceptionally busy with tourists and locals, visiting the surrounding clubs and bars. In the north-west corner of the square is a musical clock, incorporating a Swiss glockenspiel, that is popular with tourists. It was popular enough that its remodelling and restoration was actually a requirement when permission was given for the demolition of Swiss Centre in 2008, of which it had been a part. The TKTS half price ticket booth is on the south side of Leicester Square for cheap tickets for theatre performances. By Tube[ edit ] Leicester Square is served by a Tube station of the same name located just off the north east corner of the Square on Charing Cross Road. The station is on both the Northern and Piccadilly Lines and acts as a convenient place to start any exploration of London's West End. Chinatown is a short walk from both Piccadilly Circus (Piccadilly and Bakerloo Lines) — walk east along Shaftesbury Avenue, before turning right at Wardour Street, watch for the ornamental gates — and Leicester Square (Piccadilly and Northern Lines) stations. The	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,992	Which famous footballer left Tottenham in 1992 to join Japanese side Grampus Eight?	FIFA World Cup countdown: Top 10 English footballers of all time - Sports Mole Football FIFA World Cup countdown: Top 10 English footballers of all time As part of the countdown to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, Sports Mole looks at the top 10 players in the history of English football. By Liam Apicella , Features Editor Filed: Monday, May 5, 2014 at 12:10 UK Last Updated: Saturday, May 17, 2014 at 21:32 UK Try as they might, England have not been able to match their success of 1966, when they lifted the World Cup at the expense of rivals West Germany in front of a buoyant home crowd. They came close at Italia 90 and Euro 96, but on both occasions the Germans exacted revenge at the semi-final stage by prospering from penalty shootouts. This summer, strangely, Roy Hodgson will take his squad to Brazil with very little pressure on their shoulders from either the supporters or media - many of whom believe that simply progressing beyond the group phase would be a success. Here, to continue our countdown to the World Cup, Sports Mole looks at the top 10 players in the history of England. 10. David Beckham (1996-2009, 115 caps, 17 goals) © Getty Images While there are more technically gifted players than Beckham that have been omitted from this selection, few have given as much to the Three Lions as the 39-year-old did. Having made his debut in September 1996, Beckham's international career had its fair share of highs and lows. He made himself public enemy number one by getting sent off during the defeat on penalties to Argentina at the 1998 World Cup, but he atoned for that by scoring a stoppage-time goal against Greece that saw England qualify for the 2002 World Cup in dramatic fashion. During that tournament, he then laid the Argentina ghost to rest by scoring from the penalty spot in a 1-0 win during the group stages. The 39-year-old made the last of his 115 appearances in an England shirt in 2009, while he retired from club football last year. Among his honours are league titles from England, Spain, the USA and France, as well as a Champions League medal from Manchester United's success in 1999. 9. Gary Lineker (1984-1992, 80 caps, 48 goals) © Getty Images England has arguably not produced a more natural converter of chances than Lineker, who retired from international football in 1992 just one goal shy of Sir Bobby Charlton 's England record. The now-Match of the Day presenter had a habit of finding the net at the World Cup, so much so that he was the tournament's leading goalscorer in 1986 with six goals and is still the only Englishman to have won the Golden Boot. He followed that up by scoring four more times in 1990, taking his overall total in World Cups to 10 - a tally only six players can beat. He was equally prolific at club level, scoring goals on a regular basis for Leicester City, Everton, Barcelona, Tottenham Hotspur and Nagoya Grampus Eight. 8. Bryan Robson (1980-1991, 90 caps, 26 goals) © Getty Images There are those who believe that England could have gone even further in 1986 and 1990 had Robson not suffered tournament-ending injuries, such was the impact that the midfielder had on the team. Nicknamed 'Captain Marvel', Robson was an energetic midfielder, famed for scoring important goals, as well as having a fierce competitive streak. After starting his career with West Bromwich Albion, Robson went on to win the majority of his honours with Manchester United. When he departed Old Trafford in the summer of 1994, he did so having lifted the Premier League twice, the FA Cup three times, the League Cup once and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup once. 7. Geoff Hurst (1966-1972, 49 caps, 29 goals) © Getty Images Such is the good fortune required on occasions to succeed as a footballer that Hurst may not have been included in this list had Jimmy Greaves not suffered an injury against France during the 1966 World Cup. With Greaves sidelined, Sir Alf Ramsey turned to Hurst, who grabbed his opportunity with both hands. He scored the only goal of the quarter-final victory over Argentina before famously firing in a hat-trick	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: October 2014 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League & Harrington ‘B’ What well-known product was invented in 1886 by John Pemberton, who at that time was addicted to morphine and was looking to find a less harmful substitute? Coca-Cola The entrepreneur Donald F Duncan introduced which toy in 1929, often thought to be based on a weapon used by 16th Century Filipino hunters? Yo-Yo Who was the Greek God of time? Chronos Which English King was the son of Edward, The Black Prince Richard II Who succeeded Richard II as King in 1399? Henry IV What name is given to the notorious tidal current in the Lofoten islands off Norway? Maelstrom Which hit song from July 1979 was inspired by the doings of one Brenda Spencer on 29th January that year? I Don’t Like Mondays (by The Boomtown Rats) Which motor manufacturer produces the model which has the best-selling car name of all time (the model has undergone at least eleven redesigns from 1966 to date)? Toyota (the Corolla is the model in question) What was Fanny Cradock’s real Christian name? Phyllis (Born as Phyllis Nan Sortain Pechey) What is the collective name for the handmaidens of Odin who choose those who may die in battle and those who may live? Valkyries Illustrated on its logo, the product Marmite is named after a French word for what? Cooking Pot Which Nintendo game first introduced the character of Mario? Donkey Kong (in 1981…pre-dating Super Mario Bros. by 4 years) Which song was the Labour Party’s theme in its Election campaign of 1997? Things can only get better (by D:Ream) Who is the only woman to have been French Prime Minister? Edith Cresson Who designed the first Blue Peter badge as well as the “Ship” logo used by the programme? Tony Hart Born in Ulverston in 1890, by what name was Arthur Stanley Jefferson better known? Stan Laurel Of which actress did Groucho Marx say “I knew her before she became a virgin”? Doris Day Who wrote and composed the Opera ‘Oedipus Rex’? Stravinsky Who was the first “First Minister of Scotland”? Donald Dewar Who was the first Secretary General of The United Nations? Trygve Lie Against the people of which city did the Romans fight the Punic Wars? Carthage Josip Broz was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. By what name is he better known? Tito Which famous Independent day and Boarding School in Derbyshire was founded by Sir John Port in 1557? Repton School Buddy Holly had a posthumous hit with the song "It doesn’t matter any more". Which singer / songwriter of the time wrote it? Paul Anka An alibi is a form of defence used in criminal proceedings where the accused attempts to prove their innocence. What does the Latin word alibi literally mean? Elsewhere (The accused attempts to prove they were somewhere else at the time of the offence) Who said in a speech in 1968 “As I look ahead, I am filled with foreboding. Like the Roman, I seem to see 'the River Tiber foaming with much blood'”? Enoch Powell In a famous 1871 poem, the wedding feast consisted of “mince and quince eaten with a runcible spoon“. Name either of the parties supposedly getting married. Owl or Pussycat (in the Edward Lear poem) Who was the last King of France before the First French Republic was established in 1792? Louis XVI (the Sixteenth) Which modern Japanese martial art is descended from swordsmanship and uses a weapon called a Shinai Kendo Who wrote the book ‘Whisky Galore’? Compton Mackenzie Which fictional pirate captain went to his death murmuring the words ‘Floreat Etona’? Captain Hook In which London restaurant did Boris Becker have his famously brief, but expensive, 'affair' in a broom cupboard with model Angela Ermakova? Nobu Who was the US President throughout the period of World War I? Woodrow Wilson Who was the UK Prime Minister at the outbreak of World War I? Asquith Gruinard Island is an uninhabited Scottish island which was used as the scene for experiments on which bacterium during the 20th century? Anthrax Jihad is an Islamic term referring to a religious duty of Muslims. Wha	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,993	Who was the mother of King Edward VI of England?	King Edward VI (1537-1553) [England Under The Tudors] Search EDWARD VI, King of England and Ireland, born at Greenwich on the 12th of October 1537, was the only child of Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour , who died of puerperal fever twelve days later. The story that the mother's life was deliberately sacrificed by the performance of Caesarean section is unfounded, although Jane's death was little noticed amid the rejoicings which greeted the advent of a male heir to the throne. But in spite of Holbein's vivacious portrait of Edward at the age of two (now at Hanover), he was a frail child, and a short life was anticipated for him from his early years. This did not prevent a strenuous education; until the age of six he was naturally left in the charge of women, but when he was only seven his tutor Dr Coxe, afterwards bishop of Ely, writes that he could decline any Latin noun and conjugate any regular verb (L. and P., 1544, ii. 726); "every day in the mass-time he readeth a portion of Solomon's Proverbs, wherein he delighteth much." Sir John Cheke , Sir Anthony Cooke and Roger Ascham all helped to teach him Latin, Greek and French; and by the age of thirteen he had read Aristotle's Ethics in the original and was himself translating Cicero's De philosophia into Greek. Edward was Duke of Cornwall from his birth, but he was never prince of Wales, and he was only nine when he succeeded his father as king of England and Ireland and supreme head of the English church (28th of January 1546/7). His nonage threw power into the hands of Somerset and then of Northumberland , and enabled Gardiner and Bonner to maintain that the royal supremacy over the church was, or should be, in abeyance. Projects for his marriage were hardly even the occasion, but only the excuse, for Somerset's war on Scotland and Northumberland's subsequent alliance with France. All factions sought to control his person, not because of his personality but because of his position; he was like the Great Seal, only more so, an indispensable adjunct to the wielder of authority. The Protector 's brother [Edward's uncle, Thomas Seymour ] tried to bribe him with pocket-money; Northumberland was more subtle and established a complete dominion over his mind, and then put him forward at the age of fourteen as entitled to all the power of Henry VIII. But he was only Northumberland's mask; of his individual influence on the course of history during his reign there is hardly a trace. A posthumous effort was made to give him the credit of a humane desire to save Joan Bocher from the flames; but he recorded with apparently cold-blooded indifference the execution of both his uncles, and he certainly made no attempt to mitigate the harassing attentions which the council paid his sister Mary . This passed for piety with the zealots, and the persecutions of Mary's reign reflected a halo on that of the Protestant Josiah. So strong was the regret that rumours of his survival persisted, and hare-brained youths were found to personate him throughout Mary's and even far into Elizabeth 's reign. It was well that they were false, for Edward showed signs of all the Tudor obstinacy, and he was a fanatic into the bargain, as no other Tudor was except Mary. The combination would probably have involved England in disasters far greater than any that ensued upon his premature death; and it was much better that the Anglican settlement of religion should have been left to the compromising temper of Elizabeth. As it was, he bequeathed a legacy of woe; his health began to fail in 1552, and in May 1553 it was known that he was dying. But his will and the various drafts of it only betray the agitated and illogical efforts of Northumberland to contrive some means whereby he might continue to control the government and prevent the administration of justice. Mary and Elizabeth were to be excluded from the throne, as not sufficiently pliant instruments; Mary Stuart was ignored as being under Scottish, Catholic and French influence; the duchess of Suffolk, Lady Jane Grey 's mother, was excluded	Edward IV Edward IV 1461-83 Parentage and Early Life England's first Yorkist King, Edward IV, was the eldest surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York and Cecily Neville and was born on 22nd April, 1442 at Rouen, whilst the Duke was stationed in France. His father, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, held a strong claim to the English throne. He was the son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, who himself was the son of Edward III's fourth surviving son, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York . Richard of York's mother Anne Mortimer, was the great grandaughter and heiress of Phillipa Plantagenet, the only child of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, second surviving son of Edward III. Richard II had declared Anne's father, Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March , as heir presumptive to the crown. Edward's mother, Cecily Neville, was the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland , and Joan Beaufort , daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and his mistress, later wife, Katherine Swynford. The Lancastrian king, Henry VI, was descended from Edward's third son John of Gaunt by a legitimate line from Henry IV On the death of his father and brother, Edmund, Earl of Rutland , in contest for the throne, at Sandal Castle, Wakefield at Christmas, 1460, Edward inherited from his father the Yorkist claim to England's throne. He acquired the support of his powerful cousin, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick , later to be known to history as 'Warwick the Kingmaker'. Edward proved to be an able general, defeating the Lancastrians at Mortimers Cross in February 1461 after which he was proclaimed king in London. He gained a further decisive victory over the Lancastrians at Towton in Yorkshire, on 29th March, Palm Sunday. Fought in a snowstorm, it was to be the bloodiest battle of the Wars of the Roses, with casualties reported to be in the region of 28,000. The victorious Edward made a state entry into London in June and was crowned King of England at Westminster. Edward's appearance King Edward IV was a very tall man, his skeleton, exhumed in 1789, measured 6 feet 3-3/4 inches in height. Edward was well renowned for his fair complexion and good looks. The Croyland Chronicler described Edward as "a person of most elegant appearance and remarkable beyond all others for the attractions of his person." Thomas More records of Edward ' He was a goodly personage and very princely to behold; of heart courageous, politic in counsel, in adversity nothing abashed, in prosperity rather joyful than proud, in peace just and merciful, in war sharp and fierce, in the field bold and hardy, and nevertheless no further than wisdom would, adventurous. More goes on to add ' He was of visage lovely; of body mighty, strong and clean made; howbeit in his latter days, with over liberal diet, somewhat corpulent and burly but nevertheless noy uncomely. He was in youth greatly given to fleshy wantoness, from which health of body in great prosperity and fortune, without a special grace, hardly refrains.' Mancini wrote "he was licentious in the extreme...he pursued with no discrimination the married and the unmarried, the noble and the lowly: however he took none by force. The extrovert Edward was popular with the people, especially the Londoners and the ladies. Inclined to be lazy and easy going, he could act with alacrity when necessary and was highly efficient, although possessed of the ruthless streak that was inherent in the House of York. Reign On becoming king at nineteen years old, Edward met and secretly married Elizabeth Woodville , the widow of Sir John Grey of Groby, a Lancastrian knight had been killed in the Second Battle of St Albans in 1461. Elizabeth was the daughter of Sir Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers) and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, whose first husband was John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, the brother of Henry V. Elizabeth first met Edward when she came to petition him for the restoration of her son's estates, the King had wanted her to become his mistress, but she refused. Be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,994	Which musical, based on a children's novel, won seven Olivier Awards earlier this year, the most ever?	Tim Minchin · THE MATILDA THE MUSICAL STORY Stratford-Upon-Avon \| West End, London \| Broadway, New York \| US Tour \| Australia \| Toronto, Canada The RSC’s Matilda The Musical website has tickets available for the West End , Broadway , Sydney and the US Tour . It also has slightly less Minchin-centric information, than this page, in the form of videos, cast and production information, clips of the cast recordings, all their social media accounts and more. But as a head-start here they are on Twitter: @MatildaMusical , @MatildaBroadway and @MatildainOz . Teachers and children will find many creative writing resources on the RSC Education Department’s interactive website MatildaSchoolResources.com . If you still want more then Angry (Feet), Tim’s official fansite, has a Matilda sub-forum . Information regarding the performance rights for Matilda The Musical can be found here . Matilda the Musical (in 20 minutes) will be released for schools and amateur youth groups (i.e. performers aged 16 years or younger) in the UK and Ireland ONLY from 4th March, 2014. This version will be available for a limited time prior to the official release by MTI of Matilda the Musical Junior Version (currently in development). Tim with the Stratford-upon-Avon Matildas: Kerry Ingram, Adrianna Bertola and Josie Griffiths (Original production cast from Stratford-upon-Avon November 2010) Matilda Roald Dahl ’s children’s novel Matilda was first published in 1988 with illustrations by Quentin Blake . It is the story of a very bright and rebellious little girl, with special powers. Matilda’s parents, Mr and Mrs Wormwood, have no time for her and treat her as a nuisance. She spends most of her time reading books from the library astonishingly quickly, whilst they watch the telly and Mr Wormwood sells dodgy used cars. At school things are no better as despite the care and support of her teacher, the lovely Miss Honey, Matilda has to contend with the terrifying headmistress Miss Trunchbull who rules the school with cruelty and fear. Matilda fights against the injustices at home and at school. Eventually she decides the grown-ups should be taught a lesson and in the process discovers her supernatural powers Chapter One: Stratford-Upon-Avon In December 2008, director Matthew Warchus approached Tim about writing the music and lyrics for a stage musical adaptation of Roald Dahl’s famous book, to be produced by The Royal Shakespeare Company. Tim had little hesitation: not only was the chance to write for the RSC impossible to resist, but as a life long fan of Dahl, he had – coincidentally – attempted to secure the stage rights to Matilda ten years earlier, when he was writing for theatre in Perth, WA. Working from Kelly’s script adaptation, Tim wrote his first draft in the middle of 2009, with the first workshop production taking place in London in September. A significant restructuring and a short period of rewriting was undertaken in the autumn, and – with Tim on tour in Australia – a second workshop took place in November. Over the new year big changes took place, characters were discarded, songs were binned, scenes were conflated, and inevitable crisis talks ensued, but not until Tim returned from Australia in March did the final push begin. Warchus, Kelly, Minchin, RSC dramaturge Jeanie O’Hare, and legendary musical supervisor Chris Nightingale spent an intense two months renovating the script. The final workshop production took place at the end of June, further adjustments were made, and rehearsals started in September 2010. The Courtyard Theatre, Stratford-Upon-Avon. Photo by Kathryn Sinnott Following the dress rehearsal on the 6th November 2010 the show was performed to its first public audience, three days later, on the 9th at the Courtyard theatre in Stratford-Upon-Avon and was extremely well received. The previews continued for a month, with everyone working hard to tighten it up and tweak it into perfection. Finally Matilda, A Musical opened on the 9th December with the industry press in heavy attendance. The audience rose delightedly to their feet	The Golden Years: 1982 Deaths Music The big hits of 1982 came from The Jam with Town Called Malice, Dexy's Midnight Runners had Come On Eileen, Bucks Fizz with Land of Make Believe, Odyssey did Inside Out, and Adam and the Ants had Goody Two Shoes. German group, Kraftwerk got to #1 with The Model. Paul McCartney & Stevie Wonder had Ebony and Ivory at #1, while Tight Fit revived The Tokens' 1961 hit The Lion Sleeps Tonight. Sting covered Spread A Little Happiness, while Japan covered the old Smokey Robinson and the Miracles classic, I Second That Emotion. 1982 was the year of the “New Romantics”. Posters of Spandau Ballet, Duran Duran, ABC, Haircut 100, Flock Of Seagulls, and Wham, were on the bedroom walls of millions of young girls. Culture Club, led by Boy George, had their first hits, as did Yazoo, Tears For Fears, and Simple Minds. Elton John, Carly Simon, and Marvin Gaye were all back in the charts of 1982, while the Motown record label got a rare 80s number one with I've Never Been To Me by Charlene, that originally flopped when released in 1977. Irene Cara's Fame finally charted in the UK, having been a US hit in 1980. J Geils Band had Centerfold and Freeze Frame, Steve Miller finally got a UK top 10 hit with Abracadabra, as did fellow Americans John Cougar with Jack & Diane, and Survivor with Eye of the Tiger. Toni Basil scored with Mickey, Soft Cell had Torch, Human League had Mirror Man, and 14 years after his #1 with The Equals on Baby Come Back, Eddy Grant was back at #1 with I Don't Wanna Dance. Novelty hits of 1982 came from Renee & Renato with Save Your Love, Seven Tears by The Goombay Dance Band, Nicole—who won Eurovision—with A Little Peace, Trio with Da Da Da, Keith Harris & his duck Orville, Brown Sauce from TV's Swap Shop with I Wanna Be A Winner, and Brat who imitated tennis player John McEnroe's on court tantrums on Chalk Dust (The Umpire Strikes Back). Ex-lead singer of The Damned, Captain Sensible, was the surprise hit of 1982, as his version of Happy Talk hit #1. News Argentina invaded The Falkland Islands. British forces recaptured the islands in June, and Argentina surrendered. Michael Fagin broke into The Queen's bedroom for a chat. Henry VIII's warship, the Mary Rose, was raised from the seabed off Portsmouth. Prince William was born. IRA bombs exploded in parks in London. 20,000 Women circled the American airbase at Greenham Common to protest against the new Cruise missiles. Laker Airways collapsed. The Belfast car firm, DeLorean, went bust. Erika Roe streaked at an England vs Australia match. Mark Thatcher went missing in the Sahara Desert for 3 days. Prince Andrew went on holiday with model Koo Stark. Snow caused chaos in the worst winter for 20 years. 78 were killed, when a Boeing 747 crashed in blizzard conditions in America. Unemployment hit 3 million for the first time since the 1930s. A state of emergency was declared in Nicaragua. Israel invaded the Lebanon. The Iran/Iraq war escalated as Iran's Ayatollah Khomeni called on the Iraqis to rise up and overthrow Saddam Hussein. Plain-clothed police fired on members of the banned Solidarity trade union in Poland. Leader of the union, Lech Wałęsa, was freed after a year in detention. Australians Lindy & Michael Chamberlain went on trial, after claiming their baby was killed by a dingo. Ozzy Osbourne was taken to hospital, after biting the head off a live bat thrown at him during a concert. Actress Sophia Loren was jailed in Italy for tax evasion. Elvis Presley's mansion, Graceland, was opened to the public. Pope John Paul II visited Britain. Paul Weller announced The Jam were splitting up. Michael Jackson released his album Thriller. New in 1982 Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Blade Runner An Officer and a Gentleman Ghandi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,995	"The film ""La Vie en Rose"" (""La Mme"") in 2007 followed the life of which French artist?"	Marion Cotillard biography \| birthday, trivia \| French Actor \| Who2 Marion Cotillard Biography Actor French actress Marion Cotillard has been a global star ever since she won a 2008 Oscar as best actress for her portrayal of singer Edith Piaf in the movie La Vie En Rose (2007, original title La Môme). Marion Cotillard grew up in and around Paris in a family of stage actors and began her professional career in her teens. Her breakthrough in France came with the comedy Taxi and its sequels (1998-2003), and she was introduced to American audiences in Tim Burton ‘s Big Fish (2003, starring Ewan McGregor ). She received rave reviews for her roles in Les Jolies Choses (2001, also called Pretty Things) and A Very Long Engagement (2004, starring Audrey Tautou ), but her appearance in the Ridley Scott flop A Good Year (2006, starring Russell Crowe ) went largely unnoticed. Despite a roster of European films and years of steady employment, Cotillard was treated like a new star in 2008, thanks to her stirring performance as the tortured chanteuse Piaf. She played Billie Frechette, the moll of gangster John Dillinger , in the 2009 film Public Enemies (with Johnny Depp as Dillinger). Her other films in France, America and beyond include the Woody Allen romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011), the drama Rust and Bone (2012), the magical drama The Immigrant (2013, with Joaquin Phoenix ) and It’s Only the End of the World (2016). She filmed the World War II drama Allied with Brad Pitt early in 2016; the timing made her tabloid fodder when Pitt filed for divorce from his wife, Angelina Jolie , later that year. Cotillard said on Instagram in September that she was pregnant with her second child, that the father was longtime boyfriend Guillaume Canet, and that she wished Jolie and Pitt “peace in this tumultuous moment.” In 2014, Madame Figaro called Marion Cotillard “the most bankable French actress of the 21st century.” Extra credit Marion Cotillard has a son, Marcel, with the actor and director Guillaume Canet, her longtime boyfriend. Marcel was born on May 19, 2011… Marion Cotillard is 166 centimeters tall — just over 5’5″ — according to CelebHeights.com.	Impressionism Movement, Artists and Major Works \| The Art Story "There are no lines in nature, only areas of color, one against another." Édouard Manet "You would hardly believe how difficult it is to place a figure alone on a canvas, and to concentrate all the interest on this single and universal figure and still keep it living and real." Édouard Manet "If the painter works directly from nature, he ultimately looks for nothing but momentary effects; he does not try to compose, and soon he gets monotonous." Pierre-Auguste Renoir "If painting is no longer needed, it seems a pity that some of us are born into the world with such a passion for line and color." Mary Cassatt "It is all very well to copy what one sees, but it is far better to draw what one now only sees in one's memory. That is a transformation in which imagination collaborates with memory." Edgar Degas "Work at the same time on sky, water, branches, ground, keeping everything going on an equal basis... Don't be afraid of putting on colour... Paint generously and unhesitatingly, for it is best not to lose the first impression." Camille Pissarro "I am following Nature without being able to grasp her; I perhaps owe having become a painter to flowers." Claude Monet "After 1918, as we know, enlightened public - as well as critical - esteem went decidedly to Cézanne, Renoir and Degas, and to Van Gogh, Gauguin and Seurat. The 'unorthodox' Impressionists - Monet, Pissarro, Sisley - fell under a shadow. It was then that the 'amorphousness' of Impressionism became an accepted idea; and it was forgotten that Cézanne himself had belonged to, and with, Impressionism as he had to nothing else." Clement Greenberg, from essay "The Later Monet" KEY ARTISTS Like The Art Story on Facebook Beginnings Gustave Courbet and The Challange to Official Art The Realist movement, championed by Gustave Courbet, first confronted the official Parisian art establishment in the middle of the nineteenth century. Courbet was an anarchist that thought the art of his time closed it eyes on realities of life. The French were ruled by oppressive regime and much of the public was in in the throes of poverty. Instead of depicting such scenes, the artists of the time concentrated on idealized nudes and glorious depictions of nature. In his protest, Courbet financed an exhibition of his work right opposite the Universal Exposition in Paris of 1855, a bold act that led to the emergence of future artists that would challange the status quo. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Exhibitions in Paris and The Salon des Refusés In 1863, at the official yearly art salon, the all-important event of the French art world, a large number of artists were not allowed to participate, leading to public outcry. The same year, the Salon des Refusés ("Salon of the Refused") was formed in response to allow the exhibition of works by artists who had previously been refused entrance to the official salon. Some of the exhibitors were Paul Cézanne, Camille Pissarro, James Whistler, and the early iconoclast Édouard Manet. Although promoted by authorities and sanctioned by Emperor Napoleon III, the 1863 exhibition caused a scandal, due largely to the unconventional themes and styles of works such as Manet's Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (1863), which featured clothed men and naked women enjoying an afternoon picnic (the women were not classical depictions of a nude, but rather women that took off their clothes). Édouard Manet and the Painting Revolution Édouard Manet was among the first and most important innovators to emerge in the public exhibition scene in Paris. Although he grew up in admiration of the Old Masters, he began to incorporate an innovative, looser painting style and brighter palette in the early 1860s. He also started to focus on images of everyday life, such as scenes in cafes, boudoirs, and out in the street. His anti-academic style and quintessentially modern subject matter soon attracted the attention of artists on the fringes and influenced a new	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,996	In Sumo wrestling, a handful of what is thrown into the ring before combat?	Sumo \| Geisha world Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit In addition to its use as a trial of strength in combat, sumo has also been associated with Shinto ritual, and even certain shrines carry out forms of ritual dance where a human is said to wrestle with a kami (a Shinto divine spirit). It was an important ritual at the imperial court. Representatives of each province were ordered to attend the contest at the court and fight. They were required to pay for their travels themselves. The contest was known as sumai no sechie, or "sumai party." Sumo wrestler Somagahana Fuchiemon, c. 1850. Over the rest of Japanese recorded history, sumo's popularity has changed according to the whims of its rulers and the need for its use as a training tool in periods of civil strife. The form of wrestling combat probably changed gradually into one where the main aim in victory was to throw one's opponent. The concept of pushing one's opponent out of a defined area came some time later. Also, it is believed that a ring, defined as something other than simply the area given to the wrestlers by spectators, came into being in the 16th century as a result of a tournament organized by the then principal warlord in Japan, Oda Nobunaga. At this point wrestlers would wear loose loincloths, rather than the much stiffer mawashi of today. During the Edo period, wrestlers would wear a fringed kesho-mawashi during the bout, whereas today these are worn only during pre-tournament rituals. Most of the rest of the current forms within the sport developed in the early Edo period. Professional sumo (大相撲, ōzumō) can trace its roots back to the Edo period in Japan as a form of sporting entertainment. The original wrestlers were probably samurai, often rōnin, who needed to find an alternative form of income. Current professional sumo tournaments began in the Tomioka Hachiman Shrine in 1684, and then were held in the Ekō-in in the Edo period. They have been held in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan since 1909, though the Kuramae Kokugikan had been used for the tournaments in the post-war years until 1984. Nations adjacent to Japan, sharing many cultural traditions, also feature styles of traditional wrestling that bear resemblance to sumo. Notable examples include Mongolian wrestling, Chinese Shuai jiao (摔角), and Korean Ssireum. Examples of Chinese art from 220 BC show the Korean wrestlers stripped to the waist and their bodies pressed shoulder to shoulder. Winning a Sumo Bout The winner of a sumo bout is either: The first wrestler to force his opponent to step out of the ring. The first wrestler to force his opponent to touch the ground with any part of his body other than the bottom of his feet. On rare occasions the referee or judges may award the win to the wrestler who touched the ground first; this happens if both wrestlers touch the ground at very nearly the same time and it is decided that the wrestler who touched the ground second had no chance of winning as, due to the superior sumo of his opponent, he was already in an irrecoverable position. The losing wrestler is referred to as being shini-tai (“dead body”) in this case. There are also a number of other rarely used rules that can be used to determine the winner. For example a wrestler using an illegal technique (or kinjite) automatically loses, as does one whose mawashi (or belt) becomes completely undone. A wrestler failing to turn up for his bout (including through a prior injury) also automatically loses (fusenpai). After the winner is declared, an off-stage gyōji (or referee) determines the kimarite (or winning technique) used in the bout, which is then announced to the audience. Matches often last only a few seconds, as usually one wrestler is quickly ousted from the circle or thrown to the ground. However, they can occasionally last for several minutes. Each match is preceded by an elaborate ceremonial ritual. The wrestlers themselves are renowned for their great girth as body mass is often a winning factor in sumo, though with skill, smaller wrestlers can topple far larger opponents. The wrestling ring	Sea of Crises « by brian phillips illustration by Jun Cen and Thoka Maer • THE WHITE BIRD • when he comes into the ring, Hakuho, the greatest sumotori in the world, perhaps the greatest in the history of the world, dances like a tropical bird, like a bird of paradise. Flanked by two attendants — his tachimochi, who carries his sword, and his tsuyuharai, or dew sweeper, who keeps the way clear for him — and wearing his embroidered apron, the kesho-mawashi, with its braided cords and intricate loops of rope, Hakuho climbs onto the trapezoidal block of clay, two feet high and nearly 22 feet across, where he will be fighting. Here, marked off by rice-straw bales, is the circle, the dohyo, which he has been trained to imagine as the top of a skyscraper: One step over the line and he is dead. A Shinto priest purified the dohyo before the tournament; above, a six-ton canopy suspended from the arena’s ceiling, a kind of floating temple roof, marks it as a sacred space. Colored tassels hang from the canopy’s corners, representing the Four Divine Beasts of the Chinese 1 constellations: the azure dragon of the east, the vermilion sparrow of the south, the white tiger of the west, the black tortoise of the north. Over the canopy, off-center and lit with spotlights, flies the white-and-red flag of Japan. Japanese mythology, like many aspects of early Japanese culture, was heavily influenced by China. Hakuho bends into a deep squat. He claps twice, then rubs his hands together. He turns his palms slowly upward. He is bare-chested, 6-foot-4 and 350 pounds. His hair is pulled up in a topknot. His smooth stomach strains against the coiled belt at his waist, the literal referent of his rank: yokozuna, horizontal rope. Rising, he lifts his right arm diagonally, palm down to show he is unarmed. He repeats the gesture with his left. He lifts his right leg high into the air, tipping his torso to the left like a watering can, then slams his foot onto the clay. When it strikes, the crowd of 13,000 souls inside the Ryogoku Kokugikan, Japan’s national sumo stadium, shouts in unison: “Yoisho!” — Come on! Do it! He slams down his other foot: “Yoisho!” It’s as if the force of his weight is striking the crowd in the stomach. Then he squats again, arms held out winglike at his sides, and bends forward at the waist until his back is near parallel with the floor. Imagine someone playing airplane with a small child. With weird, sliding thrusts of his feet, he inches forward, gliding across the ring’s sand, raising and lowering his head in a way that’s vaguely serpentine while slowly straightening his back. By the time he’s upright again, the crowd is roaring. In 265 years, 69 men have been promoted to yokozuna. Just 69 since George Washington was a teenager. 2 Only the holders of sumo’s highest rank are allowed to make entrances like this. Officially, the purpose of the elaborate dohyo-iri is to chase away demons. (And this is something you should register about sumo, a sport with TV contracts and millions in revenue and fan blogs and athletes in yogurt commercials — that it’s simultaneously a sport in which demon-frightening can be something’s official purpose.) But the ceremony is territorial on a human level, too. It’s a message delivered to adversaries, a way of saying This ring is mine, a way of saying Be prepared for what happens if you’re crazy enough to enter it. There are two additional yokozuna who supposedly practiced before 1749, but it’s only with the ascension that year of Maruyama Gondazaemon, the third holder of the title, that we reach a point where we can be pretty sure about names and dates and whether people actually existed outside folklore, etc. Hakuho is not Hakuho’s real name. Sumo wrestlers fight under ring names called shikona, formal pseudonyms governed, like everything else in sumo, by elaborate traditions and rules. Hakuho was born Mönkhbatyn Davaajargal in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, in 1985; he is the fourth non-Japanese wrestler to attain yokozuna status. Until the last 30 years or so, foreigners were rare in the upper ranks of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,997	Which 'earworm' No. 1 song featured in the film 'Despicable Me 2'?	Got a Song Stuck in Your Head? \| TIME For Kids Got a Song Stuck in Your Head? Catchy songs, like "Let It Go," are known as “earworms” for a reason April 03, 2014 DISNEY/AP Elsa the Snow Queen sings her heart out in the animated feature Frozen. Let It Go! Let It Go! But, you can’t let it go . . . from your head. If you’re like half the people on Earth, the song “Let It Go” has been playing on repeat in your mind since you either saw Frozen, or walked into any public place that has a radio on. The Disney version, on YouTube, has been streamed more than 166 million times. It was a lovely song the first time. Even the 20th time. But the 200th? Before you ask: No, pounding your head on your desk will not remove the song from your brain. But there is hope—because science is on the case. Sticky Songs The use of the word “infectious” comes to mind with a song like this. That’s because the way the song spreads is similar to the way the flu gets around. Think a flu can get passed around easily at school or in a movie theater? What about a song blasting from a movie screen? You can even pick it up person to person, on the street, passing someone who is humming the catchy tune. It’s a musical version of an uncovered sneeze. The Germans call these songs ohrwurms. We translate that to earworms. What makes these songs stick, and how can you get them unstuck? JOHN SHEARER—INVISION/AP Idina Menzel, the voice of Elsa in Frozen, performs on stage during the 2014 Oscars. First of all, not every song can become an earworm. Usually, it’s the simple, repetitive songs that have auditory stickiness, U.K. musicologist Vicky Williamson told NPR in a 2012 interview. In the same way parents of babies and toddlers pick up colds from their children, they can also pick up songs from Raffi and Barney and The Wiggles. “I get many parents who have listened to too many children’s introduction songs or learning songs,” Williamson said. “They heard them 30, 40, 50, 100 times and they’re stuck as a result.” Commercial jingles, of course, are designed to be contagious. Their makers want people to remember the product they’re trying to sell. And the part of the brain targeted by a jingle or an earworm is the one that controls short-term memory, says psychologist James Kellaris of the University of Cincinnati. But if you think the “short” part of short-term offers hope to get rid of the worm, forget it. Some songs weaken the brain’s ability to erase. Each repetition of the tune only makes the problem worse—the way that scratching a rash just makes it itch more. Experts are using magnetic science to study more closely just what goes on in the song-infected brain. And the British Academy and the BBC have now launched an interactive website called The Earwormery. It asks you to take a survey that helps with earworm research. Get It Out! As for what you can do today? Listening to another song is known to help, but you might just replace the old worm with a new one. Keeping busy with work, exercise or even a crossword puzzle tends to distract the brain and help silence the tune, but you can’t run forever. And not that you would want to feel sad on purpose, but good moods tend to lead to earworms more than bad moods. One scientist even suggests chewing gum, since the rhythm of the chew can interrupt the song. The good thing is, nearly all earworms do eventually fade, so patience helps. If you’re stuck with a song from Frozen however, whatever you do, don’t start thinking about other kids’ movies, like Despicable Me 2, with other catchy songs like Pharrell Williams’ “Happy.” When that song gets stuck in your head it’s . . . well, never mind. It’s too late. TFK Footer Primary	Top 20 Best Selling Albums Of The 1960s In The UK - YouTube Top 20 Best Selling Albums Of The 1960s In The UK Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Aug 25, 2014 20-"The Black and White Minstrel Show" by George Mitchell Minstrels 19- "Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme" by Simon & Garfunkel 18-"The Rolling Stones No. 2" by The Rolling Stones 17-"The Best Of The Seekers" by The Seekers 16- "The Sounds Of Silence" by Simon & Garfunkel 15-"Best Of The Beach Boys" by The Beach Boys 14- "Bookends" by Simon & Garfunkel 13-"Help!" by The Beatles 12-"Please Please Me" by The Beatles 11-"Revolver" by The Beatles 10-West Side Story film soundtrack 9-"Beatles/White Album" by The Beatles 8-"Rubber Soul" by The Beatles 7-"A Hard Day's Night" by The Beatles 6-"Beatles For Sale" by The Beatles 5-South Pacific Original Soundtrack 4-"Abbey Road" by The Beatles 3-"With The Beatles" by The Beatles 2-The Sound Of Music Soundtrack 1-"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" by The Beatles Song Credits: 20-"Meet The Minstrels" by George Mitchell Minstrels 19-"Homeward Bound" by Simon & Garfunkel 18-"I Need You" by The Rolling Stones 17-"Morningtown Ride" by The New Seekers 16-"The Sound Of Silence" by Simon & Garfunkel 15-"Surfin' USA" by The Beach Boys 14-"Bookends Theme" by Simon & Garfunkel 13-"Help!" by The Beatles 12-"Please Please Me" by The Beatles 11-"Eleanor Rigby" by The Beatles 10-West Side Story overture 9-"Revolution 1" by The Beatles 8-"Drive My Car" by The Beatles 7-"A Hard Day's Night" by The Beatles 6-"No Reply" by The Beatles 5- South Pacific Overture 4-"Come Together" by The Beatles 3-"It Won't Be Long" by The Beatles 2-"Prelude and The Sound of Music" 1-"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" by The Beatles Most Recent List Of All-time Best-Sellers: http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-n... Category	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,998	The cravat was a predecessor to what modern garment?	Cravat Cravat Cravat (n.) The predecessor to the modern necktie, the cravat was worn throughout the late 17th century until the late 19th century. Want FREE Style Advice & Updates Delivered Right To You? JOIN RMRS NOW! We value your privacy and would never spam you Related Articles: Axillary Hair and Body Odor \| How Shaving Can Make You Smell Better About Antonio Antonio Centeno studied style in London, Hong Kong, and Bangkok. He is a former US Marine Officer with an MBA from UT Austin and BA from Cornell College.	Kilts \| Scottish Tartans Authority How to wear the kilt based on an article by Harry Lindley The late Harry Lindley was a legendary figure in the world of tartan. As a Director of the long established (1868) Edinburgh firm of Kinloch Anderson - Royal Warrant holders for Tailoring and Kiltmaking to HM The Queen, HRH The Duke of Edinburgh and HRH The Prince of Wales - he was special adviser on Highland dress to the Royal Family. If one wanted to know how to dress 'properly', one asked Harry! Since he wrote this article in 1989, dress codes have not changed a great deal but a touch of informality has certainly appeared and we have added our own comments here and there in Harry's article. The most important thing to remember when wearing Highland evening dress is that it represents a proud heritage and a proud people. Whilst one can take certain sartorial liberties, they should not be so outrageous as to offend more conventional guests! Harry would not have been so indelicate as to discuss the music hall joke of what was worn under the kilt. ("Nothing is worn under the kilt Madam - it's all in perfect working order!). It is however the perennial question and the answer is to be found at Under the Kilt at the end of this article. The style of today is a development and modification of the ancient garb, which still retains all its essential features. Yet this modern style differs even from the Highland dress of 60 years ago, just as the ordinary dress has altered during a similar period, and it reflects the changing taste and practical conditions of the 20th century. Although the modern Highland dress is essentially up to date, it still reflects the Scottish character in that it is susceptible to modification to individual tastes and clan traditions in a manner not found in other modern male attire. This, however, involves the necessity of expert advice, combining of modern skill with knowledge of both past tradition and present tendencies, in order to prevent the anachronisms and travesties still occasionally met with, or where outfits have been acquired from sources not in touch with the great Scottish families around which centres the Scottish clan system and its customs. Basically the costume for civilian wear may also be said not to have altered since the 18th century. Yet, in matters of detail, each generation has introduced modifications, and even modern fashions have appropriately exerted their influences, though curiously enough, they have in matters of Highland dress in many ways lead to rediscovery of both the practical and artistic advantages of the older Scottish styles which, during the 19 century, had tended to become more oppressive in cut and decoration. As an example of minor changes in taste, the sporran of an all-white goat hair, almost universally the fashion during the Victorian age, has to a great extent given place to a smaller sporran of sealskin, often elaborately decorated with pierced and engraved silver mountings. In recent years the tendency has been for coats worn with the kilt to be designed with greater simplicity, both for day and evening wear, and to concentrate rather on the cut and lines than on braid and decorations. The taste however, varies noticeably in different clans and districts, and those favoured in the north and west are usually of more elaborate style. In many cases the demand for lightness has led to the selection of the coatee in place of the doublet. All these modern coats however, are very graceful as well as practical and comfortable garb. Moreover, the coloured velvet doublets and coatees of the 18th century, which could be so well adapted to suit the shades of individual tartans, have again been returning to favour, often with the characteristic silver braiding in a suitably modified form; whilst crosscut tartan jackets have always retained their popularity in the West and amongst country families. Knowledge of these points and the ability to carry them out successfully are, needless to say, beyond the scope of the ordinary tailor. The tailoring of correct Highland dres	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,999	What political speech/campaign term derives from the tradition of cutting down a tree to make a platform for the speaker?	Project MUSE - “Rhymes with Blunt”: Pornification and U.S. Political Culture Pornification and U.S. Political Culture Karrin Vasby Anderson (bio) Abstract In this essay, I contend that political culture and campaign journalism during the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign was “pornified.” Examination of broadcast journalism, viral videos, online commentary, political pop culture, and get-out-the- vote campaigns reveals the ways in which pornographic metaphors, images, and narratives infiltrated U.S. political culture during the 2008 presidential primary and general election season. I assess the media framing of candidates Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin, as well as that of female voters as a group, arguing that the emergence of the pornification frame signals a backlash against the gains women have made in the U.S. political system. In the first picture, an attractive young woman is naked and bound in heavy, black tape. Her arms are pinned behind her by the tape, which also encases her mouth. Her eyes, looking off into the distance, well with tears as her heavy black eyeliner and mascara run. One eye is darkened—either by a shadow cast across her face . . . or by a beating. The second picture features another bare-shouldered young woman. Her blond bouffant, porcelain skin, and red lipstick are reminiscent of ideal feminine beauty, circa 1950. A single tear cascades down her face as her blue eyes stare blankly into the distance. [End Page 327] Her perfectly glossed lips are contained by a leather strap, woven through metal rivets affixed to her skin and tied to resemble a nineteenth-century corset. The women in the photos are not anonymous crime victims; they are celebrities Jessica Alba and Christina Aguilera. The photos, tagged as “public service ads,” appear in the “Declare Yourself ” youth voter campaign. 1 These beautiful yet brutalized women are supposed to encourage the 18- to 25-year-old demographic to register and vote. Unfortunately, such misogynistic images are not rare in U.S. culture. Scholars have documented the ways in which women have been objectified, symbolically annihilated, attacked, fictionally murdered, and pictorially dismembered in images designed to sell products, open a film, or attract a television audience. As political candidates, campaigns, and journalists draw increasingly on framing and marketing strategies that have proven successful in corporate and entertainment contexts, it should be no surprise that women often are portrayed negatively. 2 However, in a political year that witnessed U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton waging a formidable campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, and Alaska Governor Sarah Palin joining Senator John McCain’s ticket as the Republican vice-presidential nominee, some have taken these developments as evidence that women had almost achieved equality in U.S. political culture. Both Clinton and Palin touted the “18 million cracks in the glass ceiling” represented by Clinton’s primary campaign supporters. As one blogger on the website Feministing.com wrote, “the very fact that [Clinton] was there . . . proves that sexism is dying and is in remnants of what it used to be. . . . No, sexism isn’t dead, but yes, it is on its way out.” 3 Although that statement is not entirely false, the situation is also not that simple. The 2008 presidential campaign produced diverse cultural discourses, many of which were designed to discipline difference and reinstantiate white masculinity as the invisible standard for the U.S. presidency. 4 Like previous campaigns, the 2008 race was framed using the language of sports, war, and even romance; for the first time in U.S. presidential campaign history, however, a new frame emerged that fulfilled both the journalistic trend toward titillation and the cultural impetus to reinscribe traditional norms of political power. In this essay, I argue that political culture and campaign journalism during the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign was “pornified.” 5 Pornographic metaphors, images, and narratives infiltrated U.S. political culture in wa	Music history Final 08/09 Flashcards The collective changing of a song Term The appalachian music tradition gets most of its Celtic music tradition from what countries? Definition Scotland, Ireland, England, Wales, and the Hebrides Term What artist was called "America's tuning fork" by poet Carl Sandburg; stayed on the forefront of music and politics through the 1960s ; was blacklisted by the McCarthy era's HUAC Committee; and wrote 60s civil rights and folk anthems We Shall Overcome, If I Had A Hammer and Turn, Turn, Turn? Definition Peter Seeger Term What East Coast folk artist openly opposed the Vietnam War by organizing hte Institute of for the study of Non-Violence, and also made the song We Shall Overcome, co-written by Pete Seeger, the 1960s antiwar anthem? Definition Joan Baez Term Bob Dylan traveled from his Minnesota home to New York City, allowing him to see what dying folk artist, who was also his most important single influence? Definition Woody Guthrie Term The majority of music on the air during the early days of radio came from what source? Definition Local talent performing live Term Hillbilly music's first multi-million seller, The Prisoner's Song, was recorded on many record labels by the same artist. What was his name used on his first recording with Victor? Definition Vernon Dalhart Term Which artist became the first Western Movie Star by batlling the Phantom Empire from his horse and singing songs like That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine in the 1930s science fiction movie series? He later went on to star in over 80 films and started producing the first ever made for TV series. Definition Gene Autry Term What artist combined country and rhythm and blues to create the first rock and roll million selling hit? Definition Bill Haley and the Comets Term Besides Don Law, what 2 Nashville producers created the "Nashville Sound"? Definition Owen Bradley and Chet Atkins Term Where did Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson go in the early 1970s when they left Nashville to start a fresh country sound? Definition Austin, Tx Term What country movement/style is associated with the early 1980s that blends disco-ized country songs and electronic rodeos? Definition In regards to entertainment, the term Broadway is synonymous with: Definition American Musical Theater Term Before radio and television shows, what was considered by the music business to be the most important quality for a song's success Definition Good Songwriting Term What turn of the century piano style was first popularized by Scott Joplin and used in minstretl shows, becoming crucial in the development of early jazz? Definition Ragtime Term British team Gilbert and Sullivan were immensely popular in What category of entertainment does their work fall? Definition Operettas Term What type of staged variety show of the late 1800s early 1900s contained a lineup of 10 acts by a group of musicians, acrobats, family acts, comedians, jugglers, magicians and trained animals? Definition Vaudevilles Term What underclass groups were the predominant creative sources fro the first major trends in American pop music? Definition Jews and African Americans Term George Gershwin became famous for his upbeat, witty shows and film scores, but is best remembered for his opera masterpiece of 1935 called: Definition Porgy and Bess Term Which songwriter was on the staff at Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox, MGM, and Paramount Studios from 1933 through 1961, and is the most successful songwriter in the history of motion pictures? Definition Harry Warren Term When did the record companies begin to use electricity to cut grooves instead of the acoustic power inherent in sound. Definition 1925 Term What instrument designer cited the Theremin as the major influence for his own most popular product? Definition Robert Moog Term 1. The term “blues” and the music it describes was first notated by a university in what century? Definition . 20th Term 2. The first sales of blues music on records opened an entirely new market of black music for black consumers. What was this market called by the r	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,000	Which archaeologist is famed for excavating the palace of Minos, Crete between 1900 and 1908?	The Minoans of Crete - Archaeology Magazine The Minoans of Crete More than 100 years after it was first discovered, the town of Gournia is once again redefining the island's past By JARRETT A. LOBELL Monday, April 06, 2015 The well-preserved remains of the ancient Minoan town of Gournia in eastern Crete still stand after more than 3,500 years. I know a place where there are a lot of old things,” a peasant named George Perakis told the schoolmaster of the small village of Vasiliki, on the island of Crete, in the spring of 1901. Aware of a visiting American archaeologist’s anxious search to find a site of her own to excavate, the schoolmaster arranged for Perakis and his brother Nicholas to take Harriet Boyd and her colleague Blanche Wheeler to Gournia, four miles northwest of the village. Over several hours on May 19 Boyd collected a few potsherds and located the tops of several ancient walls, enough to convince her it was worth sending a team of workmen to the site the next morning. When she arrived at Gournia on the afternoon of the 20th, Boyd was astonished to see the men holding a bronze spear and sickle and numerous fragments of stone and pottery vessels, and clearing the threshold of a house and a well-paved road complete with a clay gutter. The following day Boyd returned with 51 workmen, and within three days, additional houses and roads had been uncovered, as well as more vases and bronze tools, making her certain that she had found what she was seeking—a Bronze Age settlement of what she called “the best period of Cretan civilization.” During three seasons ending in 1904, Boyd and her team, which averaged more than a hundred workmen along with a number of local girls whose job was to wash the finds, excavated the remains of an ancient town that had lain buried and unknown for nearly 3,500 years. Boyd couldn’t have come to Crete at a better time. During the years that she worked there at the start of the twentieth century, a new, uniquely Cretan, Bronze Age civilization was starting to be uncovered. In 1900, British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans had begun digging at the site of Knossos on the northeast coast of Crete and, within months, had discovered what he named the “Palace of Minos,” after the legendary king of Crete whose labyrinth was once believed to contain the half-man, half-bull creature known as the Minotaur. Evans later used the name “Minoan” to describe the civilization, a term that had first been employed by the German scholar Karl Hoeck in 1823 in his history of Crete. Although his interpretation of Knossos as the palace of Minos, and indeed some of his characterizations of Minoan civilization, have been disputed or even disproved over the last century, Evans’ pioneering work in Crete and his recognition of Minoan culture as something distinct from the Neolithic culture that preceded it, or the various cultures, including the Mycenaeans, that followed, cannot be understated. The first excavations at Gournia were directed by American archaeologist Harriet Boyd (second row, far right) between 1901 and 1904. When Harriet Boyd went looking for that “best period,” then, she wanted to find Minoans. At Gournia, she discovered something of a completely different nature from Evans’ palace. Now, more than a hundred years after she began her search, a new team of archaeologists is continuing what she began, re-excavating some of the spaces she first uncovered, and digging completely new areas in order to add to the picture of a very ancient civilization that developed at the same time as the Great Pyramid and Stonehenge were built, and about which many questions remain. Crete is the largest island in Greece and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean, spanning some 160 miles from east to west. At the center it is 37 miles north to south, while on the east, near the town of Ierapetra, not far from Gournia, the island stretches just seven and a half miles from coast to coast. The landscape varies from snow-topped mountains, the highest of which, Mount Ida, reaches more than 8,000 feet, to deep gorges	Venus de Milo: Greek Statue by Alexandros of Antioch Hellenistic Period . Introduction One of the most famous examples of sculpture from Ancient Greece , the Venus de Milo is an armless marble statue of Aphrodite - the Greek goddess of love and beauty - which was sculpted during the Hellenistic period between about 130 and 100 BCE. A little larger than life size, it is believed to be the work of the sculptor Alexandros of Antioch, after an inscription on its plinth (now lost). This graceful figure of a goddess has fascinated art lovers for almost two centuries, ever since its discovery, in 1820, on the small Greek island of Melos in the Aegean. Arguably the most well-known statue in the history of sculpture , it is on public display in the collection of Greek sculpture at the Louvre Museum in Paris. Other celebrated Hellenistic marbles include The Punishment of Dirce (known as The Farnese Bull) (2nd century BCE, National Archeological Museum, Naples) and The Three Graces (2nd century BCE, Louvre, Paris). Another Hellenistic Greek marble statue of Aphrodite (1st century BCE), called the Venus of Arles, which bears something of a resemblance to the Venus de Milo, is also in the Louvre. See also our review of the famous Hellenistic marble known as Laocoon and His Sons (42-20 BCE). SCULPTURE APPRECIATION the Venus de Milo, see our educational essays: History The Venus de Milo was unearthed on the Greek island of Melos (Milos), one of the southwestern Cyclades group. It was found in a field by a young farmer called Yorgos Kentrotas, buried in a wall niche within the ruins of the ancient city of Milos. The stone sculpture was in two main pieces: (1) the upper torso, and (2) the legs, covered in drapery. Several other sculptural fragments were discovered close by, including a separate left arm (and hand) holding an apple, and an inscribed plinth with a clear reference to a sculptor called "...sandros from Anchiochia on the Meander". The farmer was assisted in his recovery of the statue by Olivier Voutier, a French naval officer from the French fleet anchored nearby. As news spread of the find, a second French officer, Jules Dumont d'Urville, notified the French Consul to the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople Charles-Francois de Riffardeau, Marquis de Riviere. He in turn arranged for the statue to be shipped to France, where it was presented as a gift to Louis XVIII, who duly donated it to the Louvre. At the time, the museum was still feeling the loss of the Medici Venus, a famous work of ancient art which had been returned to Italy in 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo. As a result, in order to boost the value of its new acquisition, it was decided to ignore the plinth, with its inscription identifying Alexandros of Antioch as the sculptor, so as to allow the statue to be attributed instead to Praxiteles (c.375-335 BCE), one of the greatest sculptors of the Classical era. In order to accomplish this, the authorities launched a major propaganda campaign promoting the significance of the work, which they craftily dated to Praxiteles' Classical era (480-323 BCE) - an action which did much to delay the emergence of an accurate scholarly assessment of the sculpture. Since then, the Venus de Milo has been dated to the later Hellenistic period (323-27 BCE) and attributed to the less well-known stone sculptor Alexandros of Antioch. Characteristics and Analysis of the Venus de Milo The statue is made from Parian marble and stands some 6 feet 8 inches tall, without its plinth. It is thought to portray Aphrodite, the ancient Greek goddess of physical love and beauty. (The Roman equivalent is the goddess Venus.) According to	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,001	What seven letter name was given to the type of two wheeled cart that was used during The French Revolution to take prisoners to the Guillotine ?	History of the Guillotine Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin did not invent the execution machine that bears his name. A similar device known as the Halifax Gibbet had been in use in that Yorkshire town since 1286 and continued until 1650. It was noticed by a Scotsman, James Douglas Earl of Morton, who had one built in Edinburgh in 1556, which became known as the Maiden and remained in use until 1710. There is a credible recording of an execution by a similar machine in Milan in 1702, and there are paintings of a guillotine like machine used in Nuremberg However, it was Dr. Guillotin (Deputy of Paris) who on October the 10th, 1789 proposed to the Constituent Assembly that all condemned criminals should be beheaded on the grounds of humanity and egalitï¿½ (equality). Beheading was seen as by far the most humane method of execution at the time and was allowed to people of noble birth in many countries. Ordinary prisoners were slowly hanged, broken on the wheel (an horrendously cruel form of execution) or burnt at the stake. The idea of a standardised, quick and humane death was much more in line with revolutionary thinking. The Constituent Assembly duly passed a decree making beheading the only form of execution on the 25th of March 1791 , and this came into law on the 25th of March 1792 . There was a small problem to this, as was indicated by the then official executioner, Sanson, who pointed out the impracticality of executing all condemned persons by the sword. Beheading requires a skilled executioner with a lot of strength, a very steady hand and a good eye, if it is to sever the criminal's head with a single stroke. Sanson proved to be right, as during the Terror, the rate of executions reached staggering proportions, well beyond the capacity of the few skilled headsmen to carry out. It was clear that some sort of machine was required and after consultation with Dr. Antoine Louis, the Secretary of the Academy of Surgery , such a machine was devised and built. It was initially known as the louisson or louisette, but no doubt, much to the relief of the good surgeon took on the name of its proposer and became known as the guillotine. The first one was built in Paris by one Tobias Schmidt, a German engineer, and was ready for testing using recently deceased bodies from the hospital Bicerte on the 17thof April 1792. It had two large uprights joined by a beam at the top and erected on a platform reached by 24 steps. The whole contraption was painted a dull blood red and the weighted blade ran in grooves in the uprights which were greased with tallow. However, it worked well enough and its first execution was that of Nicholas-Jacques Pelletier for robbery with violence on the 25th of April 1792 in the Place de Greve. The execution went according to plan with his head being severed at the first stroke. Guillotines were soon supplied to all Departments in France and models were made as children's toys and even as earrings for women. Experiments were made with a 45 degree angled blade and also a rounded blade but this proved unsatisfactory and the angled blade became the standard pattern, in use until the abolition of capital punishment in France . The "Terror" began on the 10th of August and trade for the guillotine increased rapidly. In the 13 month period, May 1793-June 1794, no less than 1,225 people were executed in Paris . The Place de Greve saw the first use of the guillotine on the 22nd of August 1792 for ordinary criminals. Political offenders were executed at the Place de Carrousel. Virtually the whole French aristocracy were sent to the guillotine during the French Revolution. On the 21st of January 1793 , it was erected for the first time in the Place de la Revolution for the execution of King Louis XVI, its most famous victim. This was also the place of execution for such famous women as Marie Antoinette and Charlotte Corday. Charlotte was condemned after a brief trial for stabbing to death Jean-Paul Marat, one of the revolution's leaders. She was executed on the evening of the 17th of July 1793 and upon arrival at the	Toussaint L'Ouverture: The Haitian Revolution \| Socialist Review Toussaint L'Ouverture: The Haitian Revolution Issue section: Clare Fermont Toussaint L'Ouverture, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Verso, £7.99 This fascinating, albeit short, collection of letters and other writings by Toussaint L'Ouverture reveals a surprising amount about the politics and character of the remarkable slave leader. Toussaint joined a mass slave revolt in Saint Domingue, present-day Haiti, in 1791. The rebels, inspired by the 1789 French Revolution, rampaged through the country slaughtering slave owners and burning their properties. Toussaint, who had been freed from slavery and taught to read and write, soon became leader of a rapidly expanding slave army. For the next 12 years, he led this army in victorious battles against the mighty French, Spanish and British armies. In 1804 "Haiti emerged as the first black republic" - described by Jean-Bertrand Aristide in an introduction that reveals as much about the politics of Haiti's first democratically elected and twice overthrown president as it does about Toussaint. Toussaint apparently wrote up to 300 letters a day and it is inspiring to read words written in the heat of such battles. In his proclamation of 29 August 1793, for instance, in which he announced his adoption of the name L'Ouverture, Toussaint wrote: "Equality cannot exist without liberty. And for liberty to exist, we must have unity." The letters show the military and political strategist at work, particularly in relation to people he was dealing with in France - itself going through dramatic revolutionary changes. They show he was a man of firm principles, but not the most radical of the rebels - a former slave who refused a joint British-US offer to make him king, but who passionately defended the sanctity of property, Catholicism and French law. The letters also reveal Toussaint's ruthlessness and arrogance, perhaps qualities necessary for the tasks he faced. In 1800 he ordered enforced labour. The same year he executed his adopted nephew Moyse who opposed this policy and had supported workers demanding land reform. In May 1801 he announced a constitution that would make him all-powerful army chief and head of state for life. None of this detracts from the enormous achievements of Toussaint - the reason his story is so little taught in our schools. We know much more about Spartacus because he lost. Toussaint died in miserable conditions in a French jail in 1803. His abduction and imprisonment sparked a ferocious response in St Domingue by the slave army, which drove the French out for good. Toussaint's words after his abduction in 1802 were prophetic: "In overthrowing me, you have cut in Saint Domingue only the trunk of the tree of liberty. "It will spring up again by the roots for they are numerous and deep." Share article	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,002	Which English actor plays US Marine Sergeant 'Nicholas Brody', who was rescued after eight years held by Al- Qaeda as a prisoner-of-war, in the drama 'Homeland' shown on Channel 4?	Damian-Lewis.com » Interviews mokulen Feb 19, 2012 Homeland , Interviews Survey Damian Lewis’s CV and you’ll find he’s had a string of roles that required him to exude a certain kind of laconic, tight-lipped, battle-hardened maleness, holding it together as things fall apart. In 1999, he starred as a lieutenant in Warriors, a BBC production about British peacekeepers. He then crossed the Atlantic and starred first as Major Winters in Spielberg’s Band Of Brothers, and then in Life as Charlie Crews, a detective imprisoned for a crime he didn’t commit. Now, in new US drama Homeland, he’s playing Sergeant Nicholas Brody, a marine who, while held captive in Iraq, might have been turned by al-Qaida. It’s perhaps his most testing role to date, but one in which Lewis proves remarkably effective. Those are the roles, but then there is Damian Lewis, actor, who breezes into the library of a Soho hotel, cheery and effusive in a big scarf, yellow buttonhole and slimcut jacket. He reminisces about hanging with fellow Etonian Dominic West and tracking down George Clooney’s party at the Golden Globes (Lewis was a Best Actor nominee), generally holding forth 19 to the dozen as he tucks into a breakfast order of pancakes, maple syrup and bacon. The contrast with the characters is quite astonishing, like Sean Bean turning out in real life to be more like Russell Brand. “I do have this dual persona,” admits Lewis, who spends seven months of the year in the UK and five in the US. Does he maintain the American accent when he’s working in the States? “I do! I’m one of those idiots,” he roars. “When I’m working in America, I wake up with an American accent and stay with it all day till makeup comes off. I just want everyone to be at ease, and not have the show’s creators think, ‘Oh my god, he’s so English, why did we hire him?'” Hire him they do, however, most recently in Homeland, which debuts in the UK this week. It’s made by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa, both of whom worked on 24. But whereas that series eventually palled for many, Homeland – while equally gripping as it twists and unfurls – might find greater longevity thematically and in its central characters (Claire Danes won a Golden Globe for her role as a tenacious loose-cannon CIA agent with a bipolar condition). If 24 espoused a wishful, bravura sense of America as the world’s most effective global policeman, attaining results via methods that weren’t always for the squeamish, Homeland is more reflective and ambivalent, more conscious of the blowback that can result from ill-considered overseas intervention, bringing home the anger and resentment bred by US foreign policy. “24 was a muscular, macho response to 9/11 and Kiefer was always going to save us,” says Lewis, who marched against the war with Iraq and shares the disaffection with western leadership that informs Homeland, a series he describes as “more liberal”. “The world went to war against terror and this has fostered greater uncertainty,” he says, “especially concerning our own governments.” Read the full interview at The Guardian . mokulen Feb 17, 2012 Homeland , Interviews Within a few days, I’ve seen three sides to Damian Lewis. There’s the brilliantly gifted screen actor who plays Marine Sergeant Nick Brody, an American POW who may have turned Jihadist after eight years in captivity in Afghanistan in Channel 4’s gripping US import, ‘Homeland’. Then there’s the born stage performer at a Bafta Q&A, oozing confidence, playing to the gallery and toying with his questioner. And finally there’s the warm, thoughtful, self-deprecating guy sitting in the wood-panelled library of a London hotel. While many of his best-known characters have hinged on his mastery of suppressed emotion and underplaying, the man himself is rather more open. He explodes out of his armchair with excitement on discovering he’s getting a poached egg with his chicken caesar salad, but also sits in comfortable silence while pondering the psychological complexities of his latest challenge. ‘Well, I discussed with Alex [Gansa] and Howard [Gordon, show co-wr	BBC News \| TV AND RADIO \| Twenty years of Channel 4 Tuesday, 30 April, 2002, 12:27 GMT 13:27 UK Twenty years of Channel 4 Countdown was the first programme broadcast Channel 4 has recorded its first financial loss in 10 years. BBC News Online looks back at its history Twenty years after it was first launched, Channel 4 is now firmly established as one of the key UK broadcasters. Whether it is the broadcaster's controversial programmes like the satirical series Brass Eye or imported US comedies including Frasier and Friends, Channel 4 has always tried to maintain a balance between popular and minority tastes. Brass Eye: Controversy hit the headlines The channel has produced a variety of hit shows from So Graham Norton to David Starkey's history programmes as well as one of the most talked about TV series over the last two summers, Big Brother. However the channel's producers have also had to keep their eye on their original remit which is to show edgy programming which is not shown on any other terrestrial channels. Plans for a fourth channel to rival the BBC and ITV were first started in 1979 and three years later testing was started for Channel 4. Innovative Programming started at 16.45GMT on 2 November, 1982, with the quiz Countdown the first show to be aired. The daytime programme, hosted by Richard Whiteley, is still one of the channel's top programmes. Big Brother has been a big hit The service was funded by a subscription levied on the ITV companies, who would then sell Channel 4's airtime in return. Innovative programmes including The Tube, Treasure Hunt and The Max Headroom Show helped mark Channel 4 out from the more mainstream broadcasters. In 1984, the historical drama A Woman of Substance, starring Jenny Seagrove and Liam Neeson, pulled in Channel 4's biggest ever audience - 13.8 million viewers. Three years later and the channel broadcast, Shoah, Claude Lanzmann's nine-hour study of the holocaust, over two nights without commercial breaks. In 1992 The Big Breakfast was launched and the wacky morning show, hosted by Chris Evans and Gaby Roslin, helped Channel 4 reach an overall audience share of more than 10% for the first time ever. The Big Breakfast ended after 10 years in 2002 A year later and the broadcaster started to sell its own advertising for the first time. 1995 was one of Channel 4's most popular years, with Four Weddings and a Funeral, backed by FilmFour, pulling in ratings of more than 11 million, soap opera Brookside reached nine million with the body-under-the-patio storyline and the launch of teen soap Hollyoaks. Four years later and it provoked controversy again with the screening of gay drama Queer As Folk. The racy plotlines and sex scenes made it a hit and it was later sold to the US to be remade into a series there. 'Laddish' However the channel was attacked last year by founding chief executive, Sir Jeremy Isaacs, who said it was obsessed with finding a young audience. Brookside has been the channel's flagship soap He wrote in The Independent newspaper: "To target and reach a demographically clearly defined audience - the 18-35 year-olds - and single-mindedly commission a bulk of programmes that suits their tastes, however laddish or yobbish." Over the last couple of years, the broadcaster has branched out into digital subscription channels with FilmFour and E4, a youth entertainment channel, which it gives the first runs of its US shows. The channel's biggest hit in recent years has been Big Brother. The reality quiz show, where 10 people are locked into a house for up to three months and videoed around the clock, has seen some of the biggest ratings for the station in years. Trigger Happy TV was a recent hit However despite the success of Big Brother, Channel 4's audience share dropped to 10% in 2001, it's lowest since 1991. It could be partly due to new competition from Channel 5 and other digital channels. Channel 4 also announced its first loss for 10 years in 2001, but has forecast a return to profits in 2002. Despite seeing its share of total terrestrial TV advertising revenue ris	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,003	In which decade did Queen Victoria's husband die?	Prince Albert: The death of Queen Victoria’s beloved husband that rocked the monarchy \| History Extra BBC History Magazine - 5 issues for £5 Queen Victoria with Princesses Alice and Louise and a portrait of her late husband, Albert, in 1863. (Credit: Getty Images) When Prince Albert breathed his last at 10.50pm on the night of Saturday 14 December 1861 at Windsor, a telegraph message was sent within the hour to the lord mayor that the great bell of St Paul’s Cathedral should toll out the news across London. Everyone knew that this sound signified one of two things: the death of a monarch or a moment of extreme national crisis such as war. People living in the vicinity of the cathedral who had already gone to their beds that night were woken by the doleful sound; many of them dressed and began gathering outside St Paul’s to share the news with shock and incredulity. Only the previous morning the latest bulletin from Windsor had informed them that the prince, who had been unwell for the last two weeks, had rallied during the night of the 13th. The whole nation had settled down for the evening reassured, hopeful that the worst was now over. Most of the Sunday morning papers for the 15th had already gone to press and did not carry the news, although in London one or two special broadsheets were rushed out and sold at a premium. For most ordinary British people the news of Prince Albert’s death came with the mournful sound of bells, as the message was relayed from village to village and city to city across the country’s churches. Many still did not realise the significance until, when it came to the prayers for the royal family during morning service, the prince’s name was omitted. But it was still hard to believe. The official bulletins from Windsor had suggested only a ‘low fever’ – which in Victorian parlance could be anything from a chill to something more sinister like typhoid fever. The royal doctors had been extremely circumspect in saying what exactly was wrong, not just to the public but also Albert’s highly strung wife, and very few had any inkling of how ill he was. How could this have happened, people asked themselves; how could a vigorous man of only 42 have died without warning? The impact of Prince Albert’s death, coming as unexpectedly as it did, was dramatic and unprecedented. The last time the nation had mourned the loss of a member of the royal family in similar circumstances had been back in 1817 when Princess Charlotte, daughter of the Prince Regent – and heir to the throne failing the birth of any legitimate male heirs – had died shortly after giving birth to a still-born baby boy. Public grief at this tragedy had been enormous, and it was no less with the death of Albert. His might not have been a young and beautiful death like Charlotte’s but its impact, both publicly and politically, was enormous. It was seen as nothing less than a national calamity, for Britain had in effect lost its king. And worse, Albert’s death had come at a time of political crisis, with the British government embroiled in a tense diplomatic standoff with the Northern states during the American Civil War. This had prompted Prince Albert’s final act of public business on 1 December. Already very sick, he had amended a belligerent despatch from Lord Palmerston following the North’s seizure of two Confederate agents from a British West Indies mail packet, the Trent. The agents were on their way to Europe to raise support for the South. The royal family in c1860/61. By championing the virtues of family life, Victoria and Albert had rescued the monarchy’s ailing reputation. (Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library) At worst, the boarding of the Trent was a breach of British neutrality. Yet, Albert had warned that to force the issue without finding a diplomatic way out would mean war – at a time when Britain had barely recovered from the disastrous campaign in the Crimea. His intercession had helped defuse a tense political situation, a fact that prompted Prime Minister Palmerston to observe that such had become the prince’s value to the	Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's Stylish German Husband By Robert McNamara Prince Albert was a member of German royalty who married Britain's Queen Victoria and helped to spark an era of technological innovation as well as personal style. Albert, who had been born as a prince in Germany, was initially seen by the British as an interloper in British society. But his intelligence, interest in new inventions, and capability in diplomatic affairs made him a respected figure in Britain. Albert, who would eventually hold the title Prince Consort, became known for his interest in helping society improve in the mid-1800s. He was the great champion of one of the world's great technology events, the Great Exhibition of 1851 , which introduced many inventions to the public. He died, tragically, in 1861, leaving Victoria a widow whose trademark attire would become the black of mourning. Just prior to his death he served an important role by helping to dissuade the British government from a military conflict with the United States. continue reading below our video Profile of Queen Victoria Early Life of Prince Albert Albert was born on August 26, 1819 in Rosenau, Germany. He was the second son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, and was greatly influenced by his uncle Leopold, who became the king of Belgium in 1831. As a teenager Albert traveled to Britain and met the Princess Victoria, who was his cousin and nearly the same age as Albert. They were friendly but Victoria was not overly impressed with the young Albert, who was shy and awkward. The British were interested in finding a suitable husband for the young princess who was to ascend to the throne. British political tradition decreed that a monarch could not marry a commoner, so a British suitor was out of the question. Victoria's future husband would have to come from European royalty. Albert's relatives on the continent, including King Leopold of Belgium, essentially steered the young man toward being Victoria's husband. In 1839, two years after Victoria became Queen, Albert returned to England and proposed marriage. The Queen accepted. Marriage of Albert and Victoria Queen Victoria married Albert on February 10, 1840 at St. James Palace in London. At first the British public and the aristocracy thought little of Albert. While he was born of European royalty, his family was not wealthy or powerful. And he was often portrayed as someone marrying for prestige or money. Albert was actually quite intelligent and was devoted to helping his wife serve as monarch. And over time he became an indispensable aid to the queen, advising her on political and diplomatic affairs. Victoria and Albert had nine children, and by all accounts their marriage was very happy. They loved being together, sometimes sketching or listening to music. The royal family was portrayed as the ideal family, and setting an example for the British public was considered a major part of their role. Albert also contributed to a tradition familiar to us today. His German family would bring trees into the house at Christmas, and he brought that tradition to Britain. The Christmas tree at Windsor Castle created a fashion in Britain which was carried over to America. Career of Prince Albert In the early years of the marriage, Albert was frustrated that Victoria did not assign him tasks which he felt were up to his abilities. He wrote to a friend that he was "only the husband, not the master in the house." Albert busied himself with his interests in music and hunting, and he did eventually become involved in the serious matters of statesmanship. In 1848, when much of Europe was being shaken by revolutionary movement, Albert cautioned that the rights of working people had to be seriously considered. He was a progressive voice at a crucial time. Thanks to Albert's interest in technology, he was the main force behind the Great Exhibition of 1851 , a grand show of science and inventions held at a stunning new edifice in London, the Crystal Palace. The purpose of the exhibition was to showcase how society was being changed for t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,004	Which actor was married to Vivien Leigh and Joan Plowright?	1000+ images about Celebs: Olivier & Plowright on Pinterest \| English, Vivien leigh and Actresses Forward Dame Joan Plowright (b. 1929). On her marriage to Laurence Olivier, she claimed that he had a long homosexual relationship with Danny Kaye while Olivier was still married to his second wife, Vivien Leigh. "I have always resented the comments that it was I who was the homewrecker of Larry's marriage to Vivien Leigh. Danny Kaye was attached to Larry far earlier than I." See More	Jason Connery - Biography - IMDb Jason Connery Jump to: Overview (3) \| Mini Bio (2) \| Spouse (1) \| Trivia (14) \| Personal Quotes (1) Overview (3) 6' (1.83 m) Mini Bio (2) Jason Connery has appeared in over 30 films, television movies and series, combined, since his breakthrough role as "Robin Hood" in the UK television series Robin Hood (1984) in 1985. The son of Sean Connery and Diane Cilento , Connery grew up in London and Scotland. He attended boarding school at Somerset, where he received a half-scholarship for swimming and held the under-16 freestyle record for the south of England. Connery's interest in acting developed while studying at the Gordonstoun School for Boys in the north of Scotland. He started the Inter-House Players Group - wherein two houses combine to put on one play each term. Connery also took on directing duties and directed fellow classmate Edward Wessex (aka Prince Edward) in "Hotel Paradiso". Connery was accepted to The Bristol Old Vic Drama School and, one year later, to Perth Repertory Company in Scotland. For six months, he did weekly repertory work, acted, and worked as the assistant stage manager in an effort to earn his Equity card. He worked hard, rehearsing one play by day and performing another by night, learning as much as he could along the way. His big break came in 1985 when he took over the role of "Robin Hood" in the popular UK television series "Robin of Sherwood" (1984). The role launched him to stardom in England and he remains a cult favorite with the show's passionate fans. He has since had starring roles in feature films including Return of the Thief of Baghdad (1999), Private Moments (2005), Wishmaster 3: Beyond the Gates of Hell (2001), Requiem (2001), Shanghai Noon (2000), Bullet to Beijing (1995), Urban Ghost Story (1998) and Macbeth (1997). He has also starred in television movies ( Merlin (1998) and The Secret Life of Ian Fleming (1990)) and series ( Smallville (2001), Liberty's Kids: Est. 1776 (2002) and Shoebox Zoo (2004)). In 1996, he married actress Mia Sara and they have one son, Dashiell Connery . The couple divorced in 2002. He is most proud of his role as father to Dashiell Quinn Connery, whom he refers to as "the most wonderful person I know". Connery now resides in Los Angeles and spends every bit of free time with his son. Connery feels that, as an actor, he continues to grow because every job is a new and exciting challenge. He credits his mother and father, who inspire him in many ways, for his drive and his ability to survive and persevere in an unpredictable business. He is also inspired by live theatre - an inspirational journey unique to performance, in one moment, with one audience - that will never be duplicated. Most importantly, it is his son who inspires him to be a loving, nurturing human being and to hold close what is dear in life. Through affiliations with Coventry University's new filmmaking facility and the "Independent Filmmakers Group", he is working to educate and support the next generation of filmmakers. He recently wrapped Shoebox Zoo (2004) in the UK after two seasons and has completed three films in America - Hoboken Hollow (2006), The Far Side of Jericho (2006) and Night Skies (2007). After achieving success as an actor for two decades, Connery is working behind the cameras with his recently formed production company, "Unconditional Entertainment". The company, headed by Connery and Ricki Maslar , currently has several projects in development for film and television. "Unconditional" has announced Connery's directorial debut with the film Pandemic (2009).	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,005	Which country has the only flag that is not rectangular or square?	Nepal This page is part of © FOTW Flags Of The World website Nepal 5:4, image by Andr� Coutanche Flag adopted 12 December 1962, coat of arms adopted 16 December 1962. According to the very precise construction details contained in the Nepalese Constitution, the proportions of the flag are 4:3 plus width of the blue border (which makes the upper pendant longer than the lower because of its sharper angle). Christopher Southworth, 13 May 2003 Meaning of the Flag The flag of Nepal is the only national flag which is not rectangular, being based upon two separate pennants which belonged to rival branches of the Rana dynasty, which formerly ruled the country. The two pennants were first joined in the last century, but it was not adopted as the official flag until 1962, when a constitutional form of government was established. The moon in the upper part represents the royal house. The sun in the lower part symbolizes a branch of the Rana family, members of which acted as prime ministers until 1961. The charges are now said to represent the hope that Nepal itself will last as long as the sun and the moon. The style of these heavenly bodies was streamlined on December 16, 1962. The coat of arms still portrays these charges with facial features. Crimson is deemed the national color. Motto on their coat of arms: "The mother and the Mother Earth are more important than the heavenly kingdom." Sources: Alter (1986) Banderas y escudos del mundo (Flags and coats of arms of the world). Madrid: EASA (1986). Flags. Philadelphia: Running Press (1994) The Observer's Book of Flags. London: Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd. (1966) Juan Vaquer, Jr., 25 February 1999 The faces were removed in 1962, I believe. John Ayer, 30 September 2000 Some other attributions have been reported to FOTW concerning the origin and meaning of the flag: The other day I met a man who was from Nepal and he explained to me about the flag's meanings. The moon, he said, is supposed to represent quiet because Nepal is such a peaceful country and people are asleep during the night. And the sun is suppose to represent work because it is such a hard-working country and everyone is busy during the daytime. Interesting. Flags4Pikachu@aol.com, 06 Dec 1999 The sun and the moon mean that Nepal will last as long as the two remain in the sky. The flag has been in use in Nepal for centuries, from the time of the Malla dynasty that preceded the Shahs and the Ranas. As an example, see this photo of the Golden Gate (1753 AD) which is ornamented with a metal Nepal flag. Such flags are installed at the doorways of many temples in Kathmandu; some have the sun and moon design and some don't. Name withheld by request, 11 July 2004 The two triangles symbolize the Himalayas and also stand for the two main religions in Nepal - Hinduism and Buddhism. 'National Emblems of Nepal', issued by the Department of Publicity in December 1963 Christopher Southworth, 12 July 2004 The flag is actually a symbol of extreme faith. The shape of the current flag was determined at the very beginning of the history of modern Nepal, and the credit for it goes to King Prithvi Narayan Shah. Above the crescent moon in the top triangle are eight small triangles in what looks like a smaller version of the sun partially eclipsed by the moon. The moon has been used as the symbol of Elixir and is believed to give eternal life. Every religious ritual is done according to the waxing and waning of the moon. The moon even reflects the peaceful and friendly attitude of the Nepali people. The sun in the lower part has 12 triangles altogether. The sun is the heavenly symbol of fire. It is even the symbol of life because it provides the heat necessary for living beings. It soaks up the water and gives it back in the form of rain, making food production possible on earth. According to the Hindu religion, Sun is one of the Dev or Gods among five Gods or the Panchadev ("pancha" means five and "dev" means god). The history of the worship of the sun is connected with ancient Vedic rituals. Even the 12 signs of	Flags with descriptions Home - Country listing - Field listing Flags with descriptions European Union a blue field with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle in the center; blue represents the sky of the Western world, the stars are the peoples of Europe in a circle, a symbol of unity; the number of stars is fixed Taiwan red field with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays; the blue and white design of the canton (symbolizing the sun of progress) dates to 1895; it was later adopted as the flag of the Kuomintang Party; blue signifies liberty, justice, and democracy; red stands for fraternity, sacrifice, and nationalism, white represents equality, frankness, and the people's livelihood; the 12 rays of the sun are those of the months and the twelve traditional Chinese hours (each ray equals two hours) A Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Kastrioti SKANDERBEG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-78); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shqipetare," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal ba	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,006	Which part of the common valerian is used to make a sedative?	Valerian — Health Professional Fact Sheet Disclaimer Key points This fact sheet provides an overview of the use of valerian for insomnia and other sleep disorders and contains the following key information: Valerian is an herb sold as a dietary supplement in the United States. Valerian is a common ingredient in products promoted as mild sedatives and sleep aids for nervous tension and insomnia. Evidence from clinical studies of the efficacy of valerian in treating sleep disorders such as insomnia is inconclusive. Constituents of valerian have been shown to have sedative effects in animals, but there is no scientific agreement on valerian's mechanisms of action . Although few adverse events have been reported, long-term safety data are not available. What is valerian? Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), a member of the Valerianaceae family, is a perennial plant native to Europe and Asia and naturalized in North America [ 1 ]. It has a distinctive odor that many find unpleasant [ 2 , 3 ]. Other names include setwall (English), Valerianae radix (Latin), Baldrianwurzel (German), and phu (Greek). The genus Valerian includes over 250 species , but V. officinalis is the species most often used in the United States and Europe and is the only species discussed in this fact sheet [ 3 , 4 ]. What are common valerian preparations? Preparations of valerian marketed as dietary supplements are made from its roots, rhizomes (underground stems), and stolons (horizontal stems). Dried roots are prepared as teas or tinctures , and dried plant materials and extracts are put into capsules or incorporated into tablets [ 5 ]. There is no scientific agreement as to the active constituents of valerian, and its activity may result from interactions among multiple constituents rather than any one compound or class of compounds [ 6 ]. The content of volatile oils , including valerenic acids ; the less volatile sesquiterpenes ; or the valepotriates ( esters of short-chain fatty acids ) is sometimes used to standardize valerian extracts. As with most herbal preparations, many other compounds are also present. Valerian is sometimes combined with other botanicals [ 5 ]. Because this fact sheet focuses on valerian as a single ingredient, only clinical studies evaluating valerian as a single agent are included. What are the historical uses of valerian? Valerian has been used as a medicinal herb since at least the time of ancient Greece and Rome. Its therapeutic uses were described by Hippocrates, and in the 2nd century, Galen prescribed valerian for insomnia [ 5 , 7 ]. In the 16th century, it was used to treat nervousness, trembling, headaches, and heart palpitations [ 8 ]. In the mid-19th century, valerian was considered a stimulant that caused some of the same complaints it is thought to treat and was generally held in low esteem as a medicinal herb [ 2 ]. During World War II, it was used in England to relieve the stress of air raids [ 9 ]. In addition to sleep disorders, valerian has been used for gastrointestinal spasms and distress , epileptic seizures, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . However, scientific evidence is not sufficient to support the use of valerian for these conditions [ 10 ]. What clinical studies have been done on valerian and sleep disorders? In a systematic review of the scientific literature , nine randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind clinical trials of valerian and sleep disorders were identified and evaluated for evidence of efficacy of valerian as a treatment for insomnia [ 11 ]. Reviewers rated the studies with a standard scoring system to quantify the likelihood of bias inherent in the study design [ 12 ]. Although all nine trials had flaws, three earned the highest rating (5 on a scale of 1 to 5) and are described below. Unlike the six lower-rated studies, these three studies described the randomization procedure and blinding method that were used and reported rates of participant withdrawal . The first study used a repeated-measures design; 128 volunteers were given 400 mg of an aqueous extract of valer	Quiz for Sunday 12th June - Shelled Warriors Forums Quiz for Sunday 12th June User Name Posts: 1,403 Quiz for Sunday 12th June Nothing too fancy this week - has been a bit chaotic and stressful so had to cheat a little. Good luck 1.What is the common name of the cooking ingredient from the hard fat of kidneys and loins of oxen, famously sold under the Atora brand? lard 2.In the TV series Thunderbirds, what colour/colour are Brains' spectacle rims: Black; Brown; Blue; or Green? Blue 3.In six-dot Braille (English language), what letter and number are represented by a single dot, top left?A and 1 4.What did Frenchman Dr Pierre Dukan devise which bears his name, and after achieving great popularity in France, began to spread internationally in the early 2000s?Diet 5.What motor company's badge contains a red cross and a green snake?Alfa Romeo 6.What popular sci-fi creations were described by Dr Who's executive producer in 2011 as "...the most reliably defeatable enemies in the universe..." ? Dalek 7.The terms biconvex, biconcave, positive meniscus, negative meniscus, and plano-convex refer to types of what? Lenses 8.Sesame seeds are a very good dietary source of what elemental mineral: Magnesium; Iron; Zinc; or Mercury? Magnesium 9.In what video game brand does the Lara Croft character most famously feature? Tomb Raider 10.According to Unicef (at 2011) what percentage of Afghan women die in pregnancy or childbirth: 1%; 3%; 5% or 12ï¿½%? 12.5% 11.Name the shipping line which owned the Titanic? (Bonus points: Name the Titanic shipbuilders? And in which city was the Titanic built?) White Star Line, Harkand and Wolff, Blefast 12.A Gay Girl in Damascus is the title of the blog by feminist/freedom campaigner Amina Abdallah Alaf al Omari, who in June 2011 was based and abducted in which country?Syria 13.Who, age 30, wrote the historically significant anti-semetic diatribe known as 'the Gemlich letter' on 16 Sep 1919? Hitler 14.Which UK city hosts the Summer Sundae music festival? Leicester 15.What island is noted for its biodiversity and 80% unique wildlife due to more than 80 million years' isolation from continental land mass? Madagascar 16.Violeta Chamorro, Michelle Bachelet, Laura Chinchilla, and Dilma Rousseff share what achievement? Olympic record-holders; National leadership; Best-selling authors; Film noir stardom; or Diana Ross's Supremes? National Leadership 17.What convicted fraudster's underpants were auctioned in 2011 for $200, with other belongings, to compensate victims of his $65m Ponzi scheme swindle? Bernard Madoff 18.Name the two biggest producers of cars globally in 2010, and for several years prior? GM and Toyota 19.A blue circle with a white centre was introduced in 2006 as the international symbol for what human metabolic disease? Diabetes 20.What woman's name was given to the horrendously abusive laundry asylums for 'fallen women' run by the Catholic Church, starting in 18th century Ireland, spreading to other countries and persisting well into the 1900s? Magdalene 21.On a standard piano what normally is the lowest note? A 22.Who is Britain's longest serving consort? Prince Phillip 23.What multinational high street vendor's logo was developed from an old Norse woodcut of a twin-tailed siren or mermaid with flowing hair and crown? Starbucks 24.What letter was added to Wii by Nintendo in 2011 when naming its next generation gaming console? U 25.What is Julia Donaldson's hugely successful character and book, based on a Chinese folk tale of a fox that borrows the terror of a tiger? The Gruffalo 26.What modern system of a very old messaging method entails red and yellow ('Oscar') at sea, and white and blue ('Papa') on land? Semaphore 27.What word, from Sanskrit for 'sacred knowledge', refers to early Indian scripture, and specifically the four collections known as Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva, forming the basic teachings of Hinduism? Veda 28.What childplay and teaching-aid modelling product did William Harbutt devise and produce in 1900, in an old flour mill near Bath, UK? Plasticene 29.French for an additive, and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,007	Where is the HQ of Chrysler and General Motors?	General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ General Motors Corporate Office Headquarters HQ 300 Renaissance Center Customer Service Phone Number: 1-313-556-5000 SHARE: Next Post Newer Post Previous Post Older Post Home 11 comments: Please explain this video to me. I do not understand anything about this???? Brenda Reeves October 13, 2012 at 5:35 PM As a longtime supporter of the Parent's Television Council, I was very disturbed to read in their latest newsletter that GM is the #2 worst sponsor of anti-family programming. In addition to being personally offended by the choice of sponsored programs, I would suggest that this might not be a good move to be attacking American traditional family values by supporting those that promote moral decay. November 22, 2012 at 8:47 AM I have been a GM owner/buyer for 40 years. CRANBERRY MOTORS in Machias, Maine take the cake. Not only do they run the dealership the way they want to, but, GM for years have let it happen.. I will not buy GM again until the stop customer go through a FORD show room to buy a GM product again. GM take notice!!!!! January 10, 2013 at 8:18 PM I just purchased a used 1994 Buick Le Saber an was impressed how on the car looked inside and outside. I took the car for a test drive and it ran really well. The engine was very clean and the transmission worked just perfectly. I admit there are a few miles on this car however I was very impressed. I bought it. However, the only thing I didn't check was the frame and undercarriage. I drove the car for about 3 months until the problems started showing up. First the gas line started leaking, brake line leaking which caused the brakes to fail and my wife was almost in a car accident. I took the car in for an oil change and they said that the undercarriage is totally shot. Their was only one motor mount holding the engine in place and if by chance I would have had to slam on the brakes the engine would have fell out of the car. I latter found out that on this particular model there was a recall on these cars however, not in Minnesota. I don't understand how a big company can limit a recall and make a product that could actually kill someone. Please explain. Sincerely, Totally Confused and very disappointed. I would appreciate an answer and recommendations. November 17, 2015 at 11:45 PM Purchased an 2012 Buick Verano for my son paid cash used had only 71,000 miles at time of purchase. My son was diving the car going to the gas station got stopped at a light the car began to shake and the check engine light came on the car burst into flames. The car was a total loss but GM says their was no recall on the vehicle. We only had the vehicle only 2 1/2 months after purchase. With only 78,000 miles. GM needs to look into this matter. I'm pursuing a lawyer to help me look further into this matter. I think I have an law suit against GM. GM had a recall on their 2013-14 Buick Verano for electrical problems the 2012 should have been thrown into that recall. November 17, 2015 11:41 p.m. August 29, 2016 at 3:22 PM My husband and I have been loyal GM customers for almost 40 years, apparently that doesn't mean much. In 2013 we purchased a new 2013 Equinox. I loved my vehicle. Last year my car started smelling like mildew. We took it to the dealer, they cleaned the car. The next week we returned the car to them because the mildew smell was still there. They discovered a leak and repaired it. They replaced all the rugs in the car. A week later we returned the car back to the dealer, again because of the smell. The dealership told us there was nothing else they could do. We hired a law firm and we won the case (lemon Law). It has been a year and we still don't have a new car. We have been paying car payments for the last year on a car that we can't use. We've been paying property taxes on a car that we can't use. We just don't know where else to turn. We're very disappointed that we're being treated this way.	TIME \| Current & Breaking News \| National & World Updates Careers Quotes delayed at least 15 minutes. Market data provided by Interactive Data . ETF and Mutual Fund data provided by Morningstar, Inc. Dow Jones Terms & Conditions: http://www.djindexes.com/mdsidx/html/tandc/indexestandcs.html . S&P Index data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. Terms & Conditions . Powered and implemented by Interactive Data Managed Solutions . All products and services featured are based solely on editorial selection. TIME may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. © 2017 Time Inc. All rights reserved. Powered by WordPress.com VIP YOU BROKE TIME.COM! 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1,502,008	"Who composed and sang the theme tune for ""One Foot in the Grave""?"	One Foot In The Grave lyrics One Foot In The Grave This particular version is not the one used on the programme of the same name. For the theme tune of "One Foot In The Grave", click here.... This particular version hails from "Eric Idle Sings Monty Python" They say I might as well face the truth, That I am just too long in the tooth, I�ve started to deteriorate, And now I�m past my own sell-by date. Oh I am no spring chicken it�s true, I have to pop my teeth in to chew, And my knees are starting to know, I�ve just got too many miles on the clock. So I�m a wrinkly, crinkly, set in my ways It�s true that my body has seen better days, But give me half a chance and I can still misbehave One foot in the grave. One foot in the grave They tell me I am well past my prime, The landlord in the sky�s calling time, But there�s one thing that he ought to know I am not yet ready to go I know I�m old but I�m not a freak, I should be cherished like an antique, But every time I have a slight cough, I�m worried they�ll start switching me off. So I�m a wrinkly, crinkly but don�t send a cheer, I�m not exactly a little old dear, But one things for sure I�m still bloody well here. One foot in the grave One foot in the grave. One foot in the grave. Music and lyrics by: Eric Idle	1966 Songs in Popular Music 1966's Biggest Artists, Albums and Songs ♫ Tom Jones (1965's Best New Artist Grammy Winner) Tom was the first guy ladies threw hotel keys and underwear to while he was singing on stage. ♫ Frank Sinatra (1965 Grammy for Album of the Year) Frank Sintra's September of My Years Album was reflective of Franks age (he was now 50) and included It Was A Very Good Year, How Old Am I?, Last Night When We Were Young and September Song. ♫ A Taste of Honey - Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass (Grammy for Record of the Year) Herb Alpert is the "A" of A&M Records. He is also the only person to hit #1 on the Billboard Charts as an instrumentalist (Rise, 1979) and a vocalist (This Guy's In Love With You, 1968) New Artists in the Pop Charts Included: Neil Diamond, The Monkees, Percy Sledge, Mamas and the Papas, Jimmy Ruffin, Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, The Grass Roots, , Sergio Mendez, and Red Sovine 1966's Retro Top 10 Hits 1. ♫ Georgy Girl - The Seekers 2. ♫ Black is Black - Los Bravos 3. ♫ Monday, Monday - The Mamas and the Papas 4. ♫ Walk Away Renee - The Left Banke 5. ♫ Sunshine Superman - Donovan 6. ♫ See You In September - The Happenings 7. ♫ Guantanamera - The Sandpipers 8. ♫ Along Comes Mary - The Association 9. ♫ Tijuana Taxi - Herb Alpert and The Tijuana Brass 10. ♫ Winchester Catherdral - The New Vaudville Band 1966's 'One Hit Wonders' 1. ♫ Batman Theme - Neal Hefti 2. ♫ Somewhere My Love - Ray Conniff Singers 3. ♫ One Has My Name (One Has My Heart) - Barry Young 4. ♫ Almost Persuaded - David Houston 5. ♫ The Ballad Of The Green Berets - SSgt Barry Sadler 6. ♫ Red Rubber Ball - The Cyrkle 7. ♫ They're Coming To take Me Away - Napolean XIV 8. ♫ No Matter What Shape (Your Stomach's In) - The T-Bones 9. ♫ The Ballad of Irving - Frank Gallop 10. ♫ The Men In My Little Girl's Life - Mike Douglas 1966's Motown/R&B/Soul Top 10 Hit List 1. ♫ Mustang Sally - Wilson Pickett 2. ♫ But It's Alright - J.J. Jackson 3. ♫ You Can't Hurry Love - The Supremes 4. ♫ When A Man Loves A Woman - Percy Sledge 5. ♫ Ain't Too Proud To Be - Temptations 6. ♫ This Old Heart of Mine - The Isley Brothers 7. ♫ Crying Time - Ray Charles 8. ♫ Hold On! I'm A Comin! - Sam and Dave 9. ♫ Get Ready - Temptations 10. ♫ It's A Man's Man's Man's World - James Brown More R&B/Motown Song Hits: ♫ Reach Out I'll Be There - Four Tops ♫ Uptight (Everything's Alright) - Stevie Wonder ♫ A Place In The Sun - Stevie Wonder ♫ Function At The Junction - Shorty Long ♫ Land of 1000 Dances - Wilson Pickett 1966's Dance Top 10 Hit List 1. ♫ I'm A Believer - The Monkees 2. ♫ Good Lovin - The Young Rascals 3. ♫ Hanky Panky - Tommy James and the Shondells 4. ♫ Devil With A Blue Dress On/Good Golly Miss Molly - Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels 5. ♫ Time Won't Let Me - The Outsiders 6. ♫ Jenny Take A Ride! - Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels 7. ♫ Good Vibraions - The Beach Boys 8. ♫ Not Responsible - Tom Jones 9. ♫ Cool Jerk - The Capitols 10. ♫ Opus 17 - Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons More Dance Song Hits: ♫ Last Train To Clarksville - The Monkees ♫ Oh How Happy - Shades of Blue ♫ Paperback Writer - The Beatles ♫ California Dreamin' - Mamas and the Papas ♫ Lightnin' Strikes - Lou Christie 1966's Pop Rock Top 10 Hit List 1. ♫ Rainy Day Woman # 12 & 35 - Bob Dylan 2. ♫ 19th Nervous Breakdown - The Rolling Stones 3. ♫ My Generation - The Who 4. ♫ Paint It, Black - The Rolling Stones 5. ♫ Summer In The City - Lovin Spoonful 6. ♫ Kicks - Paul Revere & The Raiders 7. ♫ Mother's Little Helper - The Rolling Stones 8. ♫ It's My Life - The Animals 9. ♫ I Fought The Law - Bobby Fuller Four 10. ♫ Secret Agent Man - Johnny Rivers 1966's Garage & Classic Rock Top 10 Hit List 1. ♫ Wild Thing - The Troggs 2. ♫ 96 Tears - ? and the Mysterians 3. ♫ Gloria - The Shadows of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,009	Which Dutch navigator is credited as being the first European to sight New Zealand?	Abel Tasman \| A tribute to Influential Australian Christians A tribute to Influential Australian Christians Posted on 1 February 2011 by A tribute to Influential Australian Christians Abel Tasman (1603 – 1659) Dutch navigator and explorer It was a Dutch Protestant, Abel Tasman, “the man who made the longest voyage since Magellan”–who was the first European to sight Tasmania and New Zealand. A devout Christian, he sailed from Batavia on 14 August 1642. Instructions to Skipper Commander Abel Jansz Tasman “destined for the discovery and exploration of the unknown Southland” included an enumeration of other famous explorers–Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama–who had preceded him. “What numberless multitudes of blind heathen have by the same been introduced to the blessed light of the Christian religion!” It was a Dutch Protestant, Abel Tasman, “the man who made the longest voyage since Magellan”–who was the first European to sight Tasmania and New Zealand. A devout Christian, he sailed from Batavia on 14 August 1642. Instructions to Skipper Commander Abel Jansz Tasman “destined for the discovery and exploration of the unknown Southland” included an enumeration of other famous explorers–Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama–who had preceded him. “What numberless multitudes of blind heathen have by the same been introduced to the blessed light of the Christian religion!” Naturally, the Council at Batavia prayed that in addition to finding heathen peoples, Tasman would also discover some “invaluable treasures and profitable trade connections” to make the trip worthwhile. No matter how mixed the motives, Tasman (and his crew of two ships) was sent out with “the blessing of the Ruler of all things”, with the prayer that, in His mercy, He would “endow [him] with manly courage in the execution of the intended discovery, and may grant [him] a safe return”. “May God Almighty”, he wrote in his journal, “vouchsafe His blessings on this work”. After ten months at sea, he arrived back in Batavia. “God be praised and thanked for this happy voyage”, he noted in his journal. Tasman made a second voyage in 1644, when he charted the coast of Australia from Cape York Peninsula west to Willems River in the centre of the west coast. In spite of Tasman’s discoveries, the Dutch shareholders, who were motivated by “uncommon profit” above the treasures of the heathen, were dissatisfied because he did not bring back glittering reports of gold or spices. So Tasman did not complete his charting of the Australian coast, but by the end of Tasman’s voyages, the Dutch had charted the Australian coast from the Cape York west and south to the east end of the Great Australian Bight and southern Tasmania. However, their closing statement on Australia was that “there was no good to be done there”.	Lonely Planet Travel Guides and Travel Information Materialism Intruders arrive By sunrise the storm had passed. Zachary Hicks was keeping sleepy watch on the British ship Endeavour when suddenly he was wide awake. He summoned his captain, James Cook, who climbed into the brisk morning air to a miraculous sight. Ahead of them lay an uncharted country of wooded hills and gentle valleys. It was 19 April 1770. In the coming days Cook began to draw the first European map of Australia’s eastern coast. He was mapping the end of Aboriginal supremacy. Two weeks later Cook led a party of men onto a narrow beach. As they waded ashore, two Aboriginal men stepped onto the sand, and challenged the intruders with spears. Cook drove the men off with musket fire. For the rest of that week, the Aborigines and the intruders watched each other warily. Cook’s ship Endeavour was a floating annexe of London’s leading scientific organisation, the Royal Society. The ship’s gentlemen passengers included technical artists, scientists, an astronomer and a wealthy botanist named Joseph Banks. As Banks and his colleagues strode about the Aborigines’ territory, they were delighted by the mass of new plants they collected. (The showy banksia flowers, which look like red, white or golden bottlebrushes, are named after Banks.) The local Aborigines called the place Kurnell, but Cook gave it a foreign name: he called it ‘Botany Bay’. The fertile eastern coastline of Australia is now festooned with Cook’s place names – including Point Hicks, Hervey Bay (after an English admiral), Endeavour River and Point Solander (after one of the Endeavour’s scientists). When the Endeavour reached the northern tip of Cape York, blue ocean opened up to the west. Cook and his men could smell the sea-route home. And on a small, hilly island (‘Possession Island’), Cook raised the Union Jack. Amid volleys of gunfire, he claimed the eastern half of the continent for King George III. Cook’s intention was not to steal land from the Aborigines. In fact he rather idealised them: ‘They are far more happier than we Europeans’, he wrote. ‘They think themselves provided with all the necessaries of Life and that they have no superfluities.’ At most, his patriotic ceremony was intended to contain the territorial ambitions of the French, and of the Dutch, who had visited and mapped much of the western and southern coast over the previous two centuries. Indeed, Cook knew the western half of Australia as ‘New Holland ’. ^ Back to top Convict beginnings Eighteen years after Cook’s arrival, in 1788, the English were back to stay with a fleet of 11 ships, packed with supplies including weapons, tools, building materials and livestock. The ships also contained 751 ragtag convicts, and around 250 soldiers, officials and their wives. This motley ‘First Fleet’ was under the command of a humane and diligent naval captain, Arthur Phillip. As his orders dictated, Phillip dropped anchor at Botany Bay. But the paradise that had so delighted Joseph Banks filled Phillip with dismay. The country was marshy, there was little healthy water, and the anchorage was exposed to wind and storm. So Phillip left his floating prison and embarked in a small boat to search for a better location. Just a short way up the coast his heart leapt as he sailed into the finest harbour in the world. There, in a small cove, in the idyllic lands of the Eora people, he established a British penal settlement. He renamed the place after the British Home Secretary, Lord Sydney . The intruders set about clearing the trees and building shelters and were soon trying to grow crops. Phillip’s official instructions urged him to colonise the land without doing violence to the local inhabitants. Among the Aborigines he used as intermediaries was an Eora man named Bennelong, who adopted many of the white man’s customs and manners. For many years Bennelong lived in a hut on the finger of land now known as Bennelong Point, the site of the Sydney Opera House. But his people were shattered by the loss of their lands. Hundreds died of smallpox,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,010	Which book by Andrea Levy was the Booker Prize winner of the year in 2004?	Andrea Levy - Author Andrea Levy Contact Author In 1948 Andrea Levy's father sailed from Jamaica to England on the Empire Windrush ship and her mother joined him soon after. Andrea was born in London in 1956, growing up black in what was still a very white England. This experience has given her an complex perspective on the country of her birth. Andrea Levy did not begin writing until she was in her mid-thirties. At that time there was little written about the black British experience in Britian. After attending writing workshops Levy began to write the novels that she, as a young woman, had always wanted to read – entertaining novels that reflect the experiences of black Britons, that look closely and perceptively at Britain and its changing population and at the intimacies that bind British history with that of the Caribbean. In her first three novels she explored - from different perspectives - the problems faced by black British-born children of Jamaican emigrants. In her first novel, the semi-autobiographical Every Light in the House Burnin' (1994), the story is of a Jamaican family living in London in the 1960s. Never Far from Nowhere (1996), her second, is set during the 1970s and tells the story of two very different sisters living on a London council estate. In Fruit of the Lemon (1999), Faith Jackson, a young black woman, visits Jamaica after suffering a nervous breakdown and discovers a previously unknown personal history In her fourth novel Small Island Levy examines the experiences of those of her father's generation who returned to Britain after being in the RAF during the Second World War. But more than just the story of the Jamaicans who came looking for a new life in the Mother Country, she explores the adjustments and problems faced by the English people whom those Jamaicans came to live amongst. Immigration changes everyone's lives and in Small Island Levy examines not only the conflicts of two cultures thrown together after a terrible war, but also the kindness and strength people can show to each other. The Second World War was a great catalyst that has led to the multi-cultural society Britain has become. For Andrea Levy acknowledging the role played by all sides in this change is an important part of understanding the process so we can go on to create a better future together. In her latest novel, The Long Song , Levy goes further back to the origins of that intimacy between Britain and the Caribbean. The book is set in early 19th century Jamaica during the last years of slavery and the period immediately after emmancipation. It is the story of July, a house slave on a sugar plantation named Amity. The story is narrated by the character of July herself, now an old woman, looking back upon her eventful life. Levy's latest publication is Six Stories and an Essay , a collection of short stories that she has written over her career, along with an essay where she talks about her Caribbean heritage and the motivation this has given her to write. Andrea Levy is a Londoner. She not only lives and works in the city she loves but has used London as the setting in many of her novels. She has been a recipient of an Arts Council Award and her second novel Never Far from Nowhere was long listed for the Orange Prize. Small Island was the winner of the Orange Prize for Fiction, the Whitbread Novel Award, the Whitbread Book of the Year award, the Orange Best of the Best, and the Commonwealth Writer's Prize. Her latest novel The Long Song was shortlisted for the Man Booker prize, and was the winner of the Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction. Besides novels she has also written short stories that have been read on radio, published in newspapers and anthologised. She has been a judge for the Orange Prize for Fiction, Orange Futures and the Saga Prize.	W. Somerset Maugham - Freedom From Religion Foundation Orders W. Somerset Maugham On this date in 1874, William Somerset Maugham was born in Paris, France. Maugham was orphaned when he was ten years old, and soon moved to live with relatives in England. He underwent medical training at St. Thomas Hospital in London, becoming a doctor in 1897. After publishing his first book, Liza of Lambeth (1897)—inspired by his time in London—Maugham left his medical career to pursue writing. His literary skill and concise writing style helped him become an accomplished novelist, playwright and short story writer. Maugham is most famous for writing the semi-autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage (1917). His other popular works include The Moon and Sixpence (1919), Cakes and Ale (1930), The Razor’s Edge (1944), and the short story “Rain” (1923). He married Syrie Wellcome following her divorce from Henry Wellcome in 1917. The marriage was unhappy and they divorced in 1928. They had one daughter, Mary Elizabeth, born in 1915. Many of Maugham’s significant relationships were with men; Frederick Gerald Haxton, Maugham’s American secretary, was his lover and companion from 1914 until Haxton’s death in 1944. Maugham was a nonbeliever who saw no need for religion. “I remain an agnostic, and the practical outcome of agnosticism is that you act as though God did not exist,” Maugham wrote in his memoir The Summing Up (1938). In the notebook he kept from 1892–1949, he discussed religion and his lack of religious beliefs more extensively. Maugham wrote: “I’m glad I don’t believe in God. When I look at the misery of the world and its bitterness I think that no belief can be more ignoble” (A Writer’s Notebook, 1949). He continued: “The evidence adduced to prove the truth of one religion is of very much the same sort as that adduced to prove the truth of another. I wonder if that does not make the Christian uneasy to reflect that if he had been in Morocco he would have been a Mahometan, if in Ceylon a Buddhist; and in that case Christianity would have seemed to him as absurd and obviously untrue as those religions seem to the Christian.” D. 1965 “I do not believe in God. I see no need of such idea. It is incredible to me that there should be an after-life. I find the notion of future punishment outrageous and of future reward extravagant. I am convinced that when I die, I shall cease entirely to live; I shall return to the earth I came from.” —W. Somerset Maugham, A Writer’s Notebook (1949) Compiled by Sabrina Gaylor and Eleanor Wroblewski © Freedom From Religion Foundation. All rights reserved. In This Section	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,011	Which former Prime Minister held the title “Father of the House” (of Commons) between 1983 and 1987?	Premiers past: What now for Cameron? – BBC News Premiers past: What now for Cameron? – BBC News July 30, 2016 Premiers past: What now for Cameron? – BBC News Image copyright Getty Images It is a curious fact, but the prime minister never actually has possession of the keys to No 10 Downing Street. So, having metaphorically handed them over to Theresa May, what now for David Cameron? Having achieved the highest office in the land at the age of 43, and departed six years later, what next for a man a few months shy of his half-century? Here is a guide to the futures of prime ministers past. Gordon Brown: Left office 2010 Image copyright AFP Image caption Gordon Brown, here with Malala Yousafzai, has chosen to focus on young people The constituents of Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath might have felt a little hard done by from May 2010 to May 2015, as the former prime minister was rarely to be seen in the Commons chamber. In addition to becoming a board director for the World Wide Web Foundation and an unpaid advisory role at the World Economic Forum, he was a UN special envoy on global education. He wrote the book Beyond The Crash, which covered the global financial crisis, in just 14 weeks and made a high-profile intervention in the Scottish independence referendum campaign in 2014. Ultimately, Mr Brown’s former constituency, a safe Labour area for the previous eight decades, fell to a resurgent Scottish National Party. Since then, he has taken his first private-sector role, as an adviser to the US-based investment management company Pimco, his fee going to the Gordon and Sarah Brown Foundation to support charity work. Tony Blair: Left office 2007 Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Tony Blair has spent much of his time in the Middle East After leaving Downing Street, Mr Blair stepped down from the parliamentary seat of Sedgefield, triggering a by-election, which Labour won comfortably. He was soon confirmed as a Middle East envoy for the United Nations, the European Union, the United States and Russia, a role he held until May 2015. He also established Tony Blair Associates, providing strategic advice on political and economic trends and governmental reform, with profits going to support Mr Blair’s work on “faith, Africa and climate change”. But he has faced criticism for providing advice to the Kazakhstan government, which has been criticised for its human rights record. Two foundations have been set up in his name, the Tony Blair Sports Foundation and the Tony Blair Faith Foundation, and a charity called the Tony Blair Africa Governance Initiative. Mr Blair has also found time to detail his memoirs, with an autobiography entitled A Journey, income from which has been donated to a sports centre for injured service personnel, It is claimed that he has earned up to 100m since leaving office. Mr Blair himself suggests a closer figure would be about a fifth of that sum. Most recently, he has come in for criticism following the conclusion of the Chilcot report on the inquiry into the Iraq War, which criticised the former prime minister for not exhausting all efforts to find a peaceful solution before going to war. John Major: Left office 1997 Image copyright Getty Images Image caption John Major has devoted a good deal of energy to supporting and watching cricket John Major served as a backbencher through the four-year parliamentary term, after losing the 1997 general election to Tony Blair, Known for his love of cricket, he was president of Surrey County Cricket Club until 2002 and in 2005 was elected to the committee of the Marylebone Cricket Club. Sir John was knighted in 2005, the last prime minister so far to receive that honour, but has refused any offer of a peerage. In 2002, his affair with Edwina Currie was revealed in her autobiography. He is a popular after-dinner speaker, and chaired the Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust. Sir John was a prominent campaigner for remaining in the European Union, and has served as president of the Bow Group and Chatham House. Margaret Thatcher: Left office 1990 Image copyright Get	Rise of the Commons - UK Parliament Rise of the Commons Elizabethan Parliaments Rise of the Commons Edward III came to the throne in 1327, and from that point the representatives of the counties (knights of the shire) and of the towns (burgesses) became a permanent part of Parliament. After 1332 they sat together in one chamber and were known as the House of Commons. After 1341 these Commons deliberated separately from the King and his nobles. Edward III also stated his resolution that a Parliament should be summoned annually, and between 1327 and 1485 there were only 42 years in which a Parliament did not meet. With increasing regularity during the 14th century, the Lords and particularly the Commons acted on a sense that they should have an active say in government, instead of merely consenting to the taxation decisions of the King. Emergence of a Speaker By 1376 people were getting tired of the elderly Edward III's rule, and the influence of his favourites. In the Parliament of that year the Commons chose Sir Peter de la Mare to act as its spokesman before the King in joining its complaints with that of the Lords. De la Mare was thus the forerunner of the office of Speaker of the House of Commons - a member selected by the Commons to chair its business and represent its views. The following year Thomas Hungerford was the first spokesman to be termed Speaker in the official record. Good Parliament The Parliament of 1376 was called the Good Parliament. This was because the Commons prosecuted before the nobles some of the King's corrupt ministers, a process known as impeachment. This became a frequent procedure over the following years as Parliament turned against Edward III's successor Richard II. Wonderful Parliament In the Parliament of 1386, called the Wonderful Parliament, the Commons forced Richard II to dismiss his Lord Chancellor, whom it then impeached as well. Merciless Parliament Two years later the Merciless Parliament condemned to death the former Lord Chancellor and other royal officials, and in October 1399, Parliament (packed with supporters of Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV) deposed Richard II by a trial and process, in an assembly which met at Westminster. Glossary links	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,012	Which number on the Beaufort scale is used to indicate a storm?	Beaufort wind scales Beaufort wind scales The best known scale for wind speed is that of Sir Francis Beaufort (1774–1857), a captain in the British Admiralty who drew up the first version in 1806 for his own use. Ordered lists of wind names have been made for millenia (everyone knows a hurricane is stronger than a breeze, for example). Quantifying wind velocity was a later development. Smeaton One of the first to do so was the English engineer John Smeaton, who was interested in windmills¹ and built a device for measuring the effectiveness of windmill sails at different wind velocities. His wind scale ran from 1 to 8, describing each force by what he observed at a particular windmill, the Austhorpe Mill near his home. For example, number 2, Breeze, was "Sufficient to move the branches of trees, and Mill from 6 to 9 turns" per minute, while at number 5, Very Fresh, "Wind growing noisy, and considerable agitation of Trees, Mill 18 [turns per minute] to ¾ Cloth." Smeaton's scale caught the attention of the Hydrographer to the British Admiralty, Alexander Dalrymple. The Hydrographer was the person in charge of gathering data and issuing charts, and a convenient, consistent way of noting wind speed would be invaluable to the navy. Dalrymple changed the scale to 0 to 12, from Smeaton's 1 to 8, and changed the wind names to those usually used in ships' logs. And he brought his scale to the attention of Captain Beaufort, who had distinguished himself by producing meticulous records. The genius of Beaufort's addition to the scale was that he defined each name and number by a description of the maximum amount of sail a man-of-war could carry under those wind conditions. Force Hurricane Or that which no canvas could withstand. Notice that this scale depends on observation of a ship of a particular class sailing into the wind (“clean full”), and. for force numbers 5 through 9, on such a ship being in pursuit of an enemy vessel.3 This specificity was not much of a problem. Men-of-war were fairly standardized; any sailor familiar with them (and most were) could observe sails and assign a Beaufort number, and conversely, given a Beaufort force number, a sailor could picture wind conditions. Blair Kinsman suggests that one value of the scale to the Admiralty was that it facilitated courts-martial of captains who failed to pursue with all possible vigor. In 1829 Beaufort was promoted to Hydrographer. According to Scott Huler , the first official use of the Beaufort scale occurred in 1831 when Beaufort directed it be used on the second voyage of the Beagle, the expedition that took Charles Darwin to the Galapagos (Beaufort had recommended him for the job). On 28 December 1838, the Admiralty formally adopted Beaufort's scale for “all Her Majesty's Ships and Vessels of War.” In August 1853, representatives of ten nations met in Brussels (the First International Meteorological Conference). One of their goals was to agree upon a standard format for the weather observations in ships' logbooks; the scale they adopted for the wind was Beaufort's. In 1862, the British Board of Trade adopted the scale for commercial vessels. When the International Meteorological Organization was formed (Vienna, 1873), it continued its predecessor's use of the Beaufort scale. Beaufort wind scale on land In the last quarter of the 19th century numerous investigations were made with the goal of assigning a range of wind speeds to each of Beaufort's numbers. The British Meteorological Office was active in this work and in 1906 published a report with wind speed ranges. This report also introduced descriptions of what would be observed on land at each Beaufort number. Huler has made a fairly convincing case that the principal author of the Land Criteria was the “North Shields observer,” one George Clark, head clerk at the North Shields Post Office. Force Wind speed changes with height. In June, 1939 the International Meteorological Committee adopted a correlation with wind speeds measured at a height of 6 meters. Grea	Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Climatology \| Names \| Wind Scale \| Extremes \| Models \| Breakpoints The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is a 1 to 5 rating based on a hurricane's sustained wind speed. This scale estimates potential property damage. Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher are considered major hurricanes because of their potential for significant loss of life and damage. Category 1 and 2 storms are still dangerous, however, and require preventative measures. In the western North Pacific, the term "super typhoon" is used for tropical cyclones with sustained winds exceeding 150 mph. Category Types of Damage Due to Hurricane Winds 1 64-82 kt 119-153 km/h Very dangerous winds will produce some damage: Well-constructed frame homes could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. 2 83-95 kt 154-177 km/h Extremely dangerous winds will cause extensive damage: Well-constructed frame homes could sustain major roof and siding damage. Many shallowly rooted trees will be snapped or uprooted and block numerous roads. Near-total power loss is expected with outages that could last from several days to weeks. 3	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,013	In which country did the Carnation Revolution take place in 1974?	The Carnation Revolution – In Portugal 1974 The Carnation Revolution – In Portugal 1974 Updated on November 27, 2011 Revolução dos Cravos – On the 25th April, 1974, one of the most peaceful revolutions ever documented took place in Portugal. It began in the capital, Lisbon, and was staged as a means of overthrowing some 50 years of dictatorship. The following is an account of what led to the 'bloodless' rebellion that occurred in Portugal in the mid-seventies. It demonstrates that despite living within an oppressive society, you don't have to resort to violence and aggression as a means of reaching a single objective - peace. Democracy is achievable without shedding the blood of those that oppose our individual right to live as equals - and free from fear. The Carnation Revolution was preceded by years of major upheaval in Portugal. In 1910, an independent, egalitarian government had supplanted the ruling monarchy – and the First Republic of Portugal was born. This new mode of leadership was replaced in 1926, when the Portuguese military deposed the ruling administration, resulting in a repressive and dictatorial leadership of the country. By 1933 Estado Novo – New State – was founded. It was led by António de Oliveira Salazar, the man who was at the forefront of the initial 1926 defeat of the FirstRepublic. Salazars’ basic principles were founded upon stabilising the country – he wanted to achieve financial solidity and promote economic growth. During the 16 years that the FirstRepublic had governed Portugal, fundamental stability had not been achieved. It had been a badly implemented system; there was an absence of public order and the administration was chaotic at best. Antnio de Oliveira Salazar - Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. Carnation Revolution And Dictatorship The Carnation Revolution and dictatorship became, in the end, mutually exclusive. Under Salazars’ reforms, the country did indeed begin to flourish. This was a huge positive, not least for the people of Portugal. It gave them a sense of new-found security and in return Salazar – and his innovative leadership - gained popularity. Many things were to change for the better under his rule. As an example, all Portuguese citizens were given the right to an elementary education and Salazar invested huge sums of money into the educational system. Unfortunately, there was a downside to living under Salazars’ control. Salazar was a dictatorial leader. His beliefs were based upon Portugal living under a Catholic social dogma. This would suggest a collective oneness – social Catholicism is fundamentally related to the wellbeing and security of humanity. However, Salazar was discriminatory in his use of social Catholicism and chose instead to implement a suppressive version. Salazars’ statutes closely resembled the ones used to govern Italy and Germany. He was supported by the military and had his own security police force; combined with his principles, he maintain his control of Portugal for over 35 years. Due to his reforms, the oligarchy grew wealthy and the nation continued to grow economically – yet due to taxes introduced by Salazar to pay off national debt, the Portuguese became among the most impoverished people in Europe. Fighting for freedom ... ... no bullets - just carnations. Throughout the war years, the 50’s and 60’s, Portugal continued to live under Salazars’ dictatorship. The start of the sixties brought with it the Portuguese Colonial War. Salazar had refused to give up Portugals’ colonies in Africa – Angola, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique. This added to the weight that the nation was already burdened with. An oppressive government, low income, lack of freedom and now a war that would require vast financial resources, was to prove too much for the nation of Portugal. By the early 1970’s, Salazar had died. He’d suffered a stroke in 1968 and was replace by Marcelo Caetano. The regime continued as lead by Salazar. The colonial war continued unabated. The military budget was increasing, the army was over-extended. The global community was pu	Flags of Every Country Follow us... Flags of Every Country Tweet This map shows Flags of every country in the world. Flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. Note: Flag description from CIA Factbook and Flag image from Wikipedia. Last updated: Abkhazia Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan; black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green can represent either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam note: Afghanistan had more changes to its national flag in the 20th century than any other country; the colors black, red, and green appeared on most of them Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center; the design is claimed to be that of 15th-century hero George Castriota SKANDERBERG, who led a successful uprising against the Turks that resulted in a short-lived independence for some Albanian regions (1443-1478); an unsubstantiated explanation for the eagle symbol is the tradition that Albanians see themselves as descendants of the eagle; they refer to themselves as "Shkypetars," which translates as "sons of the eagle" Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa Andorra three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red, with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the latter band is slightly wider than the other two so that the ratio of band widths is 8:9:8; the coat of arms features a quartered shield with the emblems of (starting in the upper left and proceeding clockwise): Urgell, Foix, Bearn, and Catalonia; the motto reads VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR (Strength United is Stronger); the flag combines the blue and red French colors with the red and yellow of Spain to show Franco-Spanish protection note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,014	Which T. S. was the name of Dick Van Dyke's girlfriend in the film Chitty Chitty Bang Bang?	Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) - IMDb IMDb 18 January 2017 6:08 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Chitty Chitty Bang Bang ( 1968 ) G \| A down-on-his-luck inventor turns a broken-down Grand Prix car into a fancy vehicle for his children, and then they go off on a magical fantasy adventure to save their grandfather in a far-off land. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 35 titles created 30 Jan 2011 a list of 31 titles created 31 Jul 2011 a list of 26 titles created 08 Sep 2012 a list of 35 titles created 10 months ago a list of 33 titles created 6 months ago Title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) 6.9/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 4 nominations. See more awards » Videos A magical nanny helps bring the two children she's in charge of closer to their father through songs and magical adventures. Director: Robert Stevenson An apprentice witch, three kids and a cynical conman search for the missing component to a magic spell useful to the defense of Britain. Director: Robert Stevenson Charlie receives a golden ticket to a factory, his sweet tooth wants going into the lushing candy, it turns out there's an adventure in everything. Director: Mel Stuart A woman leaves an Austrian convent to become a governess to the children of a Naval officer widower. Director: Robert Wise Young Oliver Twist runs away from an orphanage and meets a group of boys trained to be pickpockets by an elderly mentor. Director: Carol Reed Directors: Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, and 5 more credits » Stars: Dickie Jones, Christian Rub, Mel Blanc Directors: Victor Fleming, George Cukor, and 3 more credits » Stars: Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger Edit Storyline An eccentric professor invents wacky machinery but can't seem to make ends meet. When he invents a revolutionary car, a foreign government becomes interested in it and resorts to skulduggery to get their hands on it. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au> Get a "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" Out of Life! See more » Genres: 18 December 1968 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Tschitti Tschitti Bäng Bäng See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia Seven different Chitties were built: a worn-out one, a restored one, one for the flying scenes, one for the water scenes and three partial models for various other scenes. See more » Goofs In the candy factory scene, the colour and cut of Mr. Potts' haircut changes right before the Toot Sweet musical number. See more » Quotes Truly Scrumptious : [referring to helping the children] It's a beautiful dream Caractacus, but... I don't see how it's gonna help them. [Truly looks at the children around them and Caractacus stands up] Caracticus Potts : [confident] Do you know what we're gonna do? We're gonna get up into that castle! Toymaker : [incredulous] It is impossible! Caracticus Potts : [confident] Well, we'll see. [Caractacus runs up to a large water channel and looks at the children watching] Caracticus Potts : [loud and clear] Now, everybody listen to me! You wanna get out of here, don't you? [...] Doll On a Music Box/Truly Scrumptious (uncredited) hi, low anywhere we go... 25 April 2005 \| by (United States) – See all my reviews This movie is one that has sadly fallen through the cracks of the "classic family musical" floor. My parents were on the ball and raised me on "mary Poppins," "sound of music," and of course, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang," and I have not yet been weaned off them. (Incidently, all three of these movies share a choreographer) The sheer imagination of this film is akin to that of Peter Pan. It is a tremendous celebration of childhood and fantasy. Sadly, this movie is often overlooked. As a college student, few of my friends know about this film. The few that do	References To Other Songs Or Musicians - TMBW: The They Might Be Giants Knowledge Base References To Other Songs Or Musicians From This Might Be A Wiki TMBG often make obvious or subtle references to other songs and musicians, bands, or performers. This list includes many of those references. However, without the Johns' stamp of validation, it must be admitted that some of them may just be guesses. Contents Lyrical references[ edit \| edit source ] Ana Ng - "All alone at the '64 World's Fair / Eighty dolls yelling 'Small girl after all'" - Disney's It's a Small World song and ride repeats the line "It's a small world after all" in . The ride was unveiled at the fair and eventually moved to Disneyland. Ana Ng - "It's like a whirlpool and it never ends" is a reference to the Tommy Roe song "Dizzy": "My head is spinning, like a whirlpool it never ends." The Biggest One - Lyrics play on Gloria Gaynor 's "I Will Survive" ("Change the lock, throw away the key, I will survive") Birdhouse In Your Soul (Demo) - "Give me something to write on" and "I don't feel thirty" both play on extemporaneous lines from Van Halen 's "Hot For Teacher", in which David Lee Roth exhorts, "I don't feel tardy." Birds Fly - The line about "a good luck charm hanging off my arm" refers to the Elvis Presley song "Good Luck Charm." Brain Problem Situation - The line "Wake up / Put on my makeup / And pick the rake up / And rake my hair" could be a reference to " Chop Suey! " by System of a Down ("Wake up / Grab a brush and put a little makeup"), or " I Say A Little Prayer " by Bacharach and David ("The moment I wake up / Before I put on my makeup"). Cage & Aquarium - Contains the line "This is the spawning of the Cage and Aquarium" in the chorus; a skewed match to the song " Age of Aquarius " which contains the line "This is the dawning of the Age of Aquarius" in its chorus. Age of Aquarius is originally from the 60's musical " Hair ", but is a well-known oldies song in its own right. Circular Karate Chop - The lyric " short sharp shock " originally appeared in Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1885 comic opera The Mikado . The same phrase has also been used in other musical and literary works. Damn Good Times - "She acts like David Lee Roth when he turned 21", song itself a reference to David Lee Roth's "Damn Good" from the 1987 DLR album Skyscraper. Damn Good Times - "I know a girl who's got a record machine" is almost exactly the same as a line from "20 Flight Rock" by Eddie Cochran . Free Bird's Rebirth - Reference to the Lynyrd Skynyrd song. Hey, Mr. DJ, I Thought You Said We Had A Deal - last verse in which TMBG makes references to several of their own songs "Well, I told you about the world - its address", "Chess Piece Face's patience must be wearing thin", etc., mimics the Beatles' "Glass Onion" ("I told you about Strawberry Fields", etc, in which the Beatles reference themselves) I Hope That I Get Old Before I Die - Twist on "Hope I die before I get old" from The Who 's "My Generation" Impossible - "Well I'd like to be an octofish" may refer to the Captain Beefheart song "Neon Meate Dream of a Octafish" from the 1969 album Trout Mask Replica . Iowa - "And if that broom don't fly / I'm gonna buy you / a Dustbuster" is a play on the traditional lullaby " Hush Little Baby ". It's Not My Birthday - "When this grey world crumbles like a cake / I'll be hanging from the hope / that I'll never see that recipe again" is a play on "Someone left the cake out in the rain...and I'll never have that recipe again" from "MacArthur Park" by Richard Harris . Lucky Ball & Chain - A modified quote of Darlene Love 's song "(Today I Met) The Boy I'm Gonna Marry" ("playing 'Here Comes the Bride' when he walks in the door"), which itself references "The Wedding March (Here Comes the Bride) ". Maine - "Shaving razor's rusty, but the sting brings you exactly back to Maine" is probably a reference to the Monkees song "Daydream Believer" ("The shaving razor's cold, and it stings"). Mainstream U.S.A. - We Are the World (which TMBG have covered ), Ringo Starr 's " Back Off Boogaloo ", g	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,015	In which year was the Palestine Liberation Organisation formed?	History & Overview: PLO \| Jewish Virtual Library Tweet The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is undoubtedly one of the most infamous terrorist organizations around the world. Created in 1964 during the Arab League Summit in Cairo, the PLO's originally-stated goal was the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle while seeking to destroy the existence of Zionism in the Middle East. It was not long before that the group splintered into various factions, all of whom believed they knew the best way to achieve liberation for the Palestinians. The most notable of these groups were the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC), and the Fatah . While each of these factions were independetly controlled, they all remained more-or-less under the umbrella of the PLO . By 1967, the PLO had decided that their primary goal was the destruction of the State of Israel . Over the next ten years, this goal was the primary focus of the massive terrorist campaign by which their reputation was formed. This terror war caused hundreds of casualties, on both sides, with very little to show in return for the Palestinian cause. Therefore, in PLO the PLO made a conscious decision to alter its focus from based purely on terrorism to one that would include the diplomatic and political elements necessary for meaningful dialogue. The PLO's partial-reversal in ideology created unhappiness among many of its followers who felt that the organization was not finding its mark. This led to the creation of yet another splinter group called the Rejectionist Front. It was at this time that Yasser Arafat and his group, Fatah , took over the leadership of the PLO. Things began to change quickly when the PLO gained international recognition from the United Nations as the primary representative of the Palestinian people. Arafat deftly manipulated the organization from one perceived by the West as barbaric into one considered a freedom movement with legitimate claims. Israel, perhaps sensing the growing sympathy, redoubled its efforts to eliminate the Palestinian threat. In 1982, the Israel Defense Forces launched the First Lebanon War , sweeping into Beirut and forcing the PLO to flee from its bastion. In a decision that radical Palestinians resented, Arafat agreed to come to the bargaining table to discuss peace with Israeli leaders. Little came of these talks, and soon after dissension within the ranks of the PLO became more pronounced and some of the moderate leaders were assassinated. Perhaps in an attempt to reconcile with these dissenters, Arafat decided to provide support for the hijacking of a major cruise ship. The ship that was select was the Achille Lauro and what would happen next would do more damage to the reputation of the PLO	Log In - New York Times Log In Don't have an account? Sign up here » In order to access our Web site, your Web browser must accept cookies from NYTimes.com. More information »	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,016	Which branch of astronomy studies radiation with wavelengths greater than approximately one millimetre?	Astronomy Astronomy 2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection . Related subjects: Recreation ; Space (Astronomy) A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula , a supernova remnant Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars , planets , comets , and galaxies ) and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation ). It is concerned with the evolution, physics , chemistry , meteorology , and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe . Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. Astronomers of early civilizations performed methodical observations of the night sky, and astronomical artifacts have been found from much earlier periods. However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, the making of calendars, and even astrology , but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be synonymous with astrophysics . Since the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring and analyzing data, mainly using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena. The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results, and observations being used to confirm theoretical results. Amateur astronomers have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries, and astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena. Old or even ancient astronomy is not to be confused with astrology , the belief system that claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects. Although the two fields share a common origin and a part of their methods (namely, the use of ephemerides), they are distinct. Lexicology The word astronomy literally means "law of the stars" (or "culture of the stars" depending on the translation) and is derived from the Greek αστρονομία, astronomia, from the words άστρον (astron, "star") and νόμος (nomos, "laws or cultures"). Use of terms "astronomy" and "astrophysics" Generally, either the term "astronomy" or "astrophysics" may be used to refer to this subject. Based on strict dictionary definitions, "astronomy" refers to "the study of objects and matter outside the earth's atmosphere and of their physical and chemical properties"and "astrophysics" refers to the branch of astronomy dealing with "the behaviour, physical properties, and dynamic processes of celestial objects and phenomena". In some cases, as in the introduction of the introductory textbook The Physical Universe by Frank Shu, "astronomy" may be used to describe the qualitative study of the subject, whereas "astrophysics" is used to describe the physics-oriented version of the subject. However, since most modern astronomical research deals with subjects related to physics, modern astronomy could actually be called astrophysics. Various departments that research this subject may use "astronomy" and "astrophysics", partly depending on whether the department is historically affiliated with a physics department, and many professional astronomers actually have physics degrees. Even the name of the scientific journal Astronomy & Astrophysics reveals the ambiguity of the use of the term. History A celestial map from the 17th century, by the Dutch cartographer Frederik de Wit. In early times , astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of objects visible to the naked eye . In some locations, such as Stonehenge , early cultures assembled massive artifacts that likely had some astronomical purpose. In addition to their ceremonial uses, these observatories could be employ	AmazingSpace - Glossary Glossary A-B Absolute brightness (absolute magnitude) A measure of the true brightness of an object. The absolute brightness or magnitude of an object is the apparent brightness or magnitude it would have if it were located exactly 32.6 light-years (10 parsecs) away. For example, the apparent brightness of our Sun is much greater than that of the star Rigel in the constellation Orion because it is so close to us. However, if both objects were placed at the same distance from us, Rigel would appear much brighter than our Sun because its absolute brightness is much larger. Absolute zero The coldest possible temperature, at which all molecular motion stops. On the Kelvin temperature scale, this temperature is the zero-point (0 K), which is equivalent to -273°C and -460°F. Absorption The process by which light transfers its energy to matter. For example, a gas cloud can absorb starlight that passes through it. After the starlight passes through the cloud, dark lines called absorption lines appear in the star’s continuous spectrum at wavelengths corresponding to the light-absorbing elements. Absorption line A dark line in a continuous spectrum caused by absorption of light. Each chemical element emits and absorbs radiated energy at specific wavelengths, making it possible to identify the elements present in the atmosphere of a star or other celestial body by analyzing which absorption lines are present. Accelerating universe A model for the universe in which a repulsive force counteracts the attractive force of gravity, driving all the matter in the universe apart at speeds that increase with time. Recent observations of distant supernova explosions suggest that we may live in an accelerating universe. Accretion disk A relatively flat, rapidly rotating disk of gas surrounding a black hole, a newborn star, or any massive object that attracts and swallows matter. Accretion disks around stars are expected to contain dust particles and may show evidence of active planet formation. Beta Pictoris is an example of a star known to have an accretion disk. Active galactic nucleus (AGN) A very bright, compact region found at the center of certain galaxies. The brightness of an active galactic nucleus is thought to come from an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. The black hole devours matter from the accretion disk, and this infall of matter provides the firepower for quasars, the most luminous type of active galactic nucleus. Active galaxy A galaxy possessing an active galactic nucleus at its center. Advanced Camera For Surveys (ACS) An optical camera aboard the Hubble Space Telescope that uses CCD detectors to make images. The camera covers twice the area, has twice the sharpness, and is up to 10 times more efficient than the telescopes Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. The ACS wavelength range spans from ultraviolet to near-infrared light. The cameras sharp eye and broader viewing area allow astronomers to study the life cycles of galaxies in the remotest regions of the universe. Astronauts installed the camera aboard the telescope in March 2002, but the camera experienced an electrical short in 2007 that shut down all but one data channel. During Servicing Mission 4 in 2009, astronauts replaced the failed circuit boards and added a new power supply box to restore power to the camera. Afterglow The fading fireball of a gamma-ray burst – a sudden burst of gamma rays from deep space – that is observable in less energetic wavelengths, such as X-ray, optical, and radio. After an initial explosion, an expanding gamma-ray burst slows and sweeps up surrounding material, generating the afterglow, which is visible for several weeks or months. The afterglow is usually extremely faint, making it difficult to locate and study. Alloy A mixture of two or more metals. Brass (a mixture of copper and zinc) and bronze (a mixture of copper and tin) are common alloys. Alpha process A process by which lighter elements capture helium nuclei (alpha particles) to form heavier elements. For example, when a carbon nucleus	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,017	Which American horse race is run at Churchill Downs?	Churchill Downs Racetrack \| Home of the Kentucky Derby \| Thoroughbred horse racing in Louisville, Kentucky \| \| Churchill Downs Racetrack \| Home of the Kentucky Derby Home of the Kentucky Derby Sign up for Churchill Downs Information Submit © 2016 Churchill Downs Incorporated . All Rights Reserved. Churchill Downs, Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Oaks, the “twin spires design”, and Churchill Downs Incorporated related trademarks are registered trademarks of Churchill Downs Incorporated.	Famous Racehorse Owners (Including the Queen!) \| HowTheyPlay Famous Racehorse Owners (Including the Queen!) Famous Racehorse Owners (Including the Queen!) Updated on June 06, 2016 Joined: 7 years agoFollowers: 179Articles: 167 9 7 months ago THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND, QUEEN ELIZABETH II The current Queen of England and her late mother were both most enthusiastic supporters of jumping racing. The Queen currently has a fine stable of thoroughbred racehorses that compete throughout the racing season at events including the Grand National. Almost all of the Royal Family is keen on racing. Prince William and Kate Middleton (pictured below), along with Prince Harry and Zara Phillips, attend the most prestigious races. There is also a long history of success from racehorses belonging to the Royal Family. The Queen Mother's first big-race winner was Manicou, who, ridden by Bryan Marshall, won the King George VI Steeplechase at Kempton Park in1950. lt seemed there would also be a royal victory in the 1956 Grand National at Aintree when her grand 'chaser Devon Loch jumped the last fence, well clear of his rivals. But inexplicably with less than 50 yards from the winning post, the horse’s legs collapsed under him, nearly dislodging his rider, Dick Francis. Devon Loch could not recover in time and the race was won by E.S.B. Happily all was well with Devon Loch after the race and he went on to run again and indeed win again. Advertisement The Queen smiles during a day at the races while the Duke of Edinburgh uses binoculars to watch the field of horses Prince William and Kate Middleton, now the Duchess of Cambridge, at the Epsom Derby Royal Patron of horse racing, Her Majesty has a profound knowledge of and interest in racing and breeding and virtually all her successes now come from home-bred horses. She first started as an owner in 1952, leasing horses from the National Stud. From this Aureole finished runner-up to Pinza in the 1953 Derby and the following year won the Coronation Cup and King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Diamond Stakes. And Carrozza, ridden by Lester Piggott, won the 1957 Oaks. Pall Mall gave her a first classic victory as an outright ovmer when landing the 2,000 Guineas at Newmarket in 1958. Other good horses included Canisbay, winner of the 1965 Eclipse Stakes at Sandown, and those two fine stayers Agreement and Magna Carta. In 1974 Highclere won the 1,000 Guineas and the valuable Prix de Diane. The Queen headed the list of winning owners in 1954 and 1957, the first reigning monarch ever to achieve this feat twice. Her horses are trained by Dick Hern at West Ilsley and Ian Baldirng at Kingsclere. Dunfermline won the Oaks for Her Majesty in her Silver jubilee year of 1977. Other line performers for Her Majesty include Makaldar, who was runner-up to Saucy Kit in the 1967 Champion Hurdle, that talented two-mile Champion winner Dunkirk and more recently Game Spirit. For many years her horses were trained by the late Peter Cazalet. They are now with Fulke Walwyn at Lambourn, Berkshire. Advertisement SIR ALEX FERGUSON Sir Alex Ferguson is the manager of Manchester United Football Club. This is the team that David Beckham played for before later moving to LA Galaxy in California. Under the management of Sir Alex, Manchester United have become one of the most successful teams in the history of the English Premier League. They have also become the most commercially successful team in the world with a name and brand that is recognised in many countries. Sir Alex Ferguson, left, with one of the racehorses ha has links to. This one was picked by the Queen's manager John Warren Advertisement David Beckham played for Manchester United under Sir Alex This success has allowed Sir Alex to build up his wealth and he spends this on his hobby of horse racing. Sir Alex part owns the horse What a Friend which ran in the 2011 Grand National at 16-1. Sir Alex attended the race and was one of the most high-profile people there. Sir Alex has a number of other racehorses, including Last Three Minutes, which was named in memory of the 1999 Cha	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,018	Who told us to Rock The Casbah in 1982?	The Clash-Rock the Casbah - YouTube The Clash-Rock the Casbah Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 28, 2014 Album: Combat Rock ALL RIGHTS GO TO THE CLASH! Category	Oasis Artistfacts Artistfacts Artistfacts for Oasis They are often compared to The Beatles. Liam Gallagher has a son named Lennon with his ex-wife, actress Patsy Kensit. Noel is five years older than Liam, but Liam formed the band. Noel joined after a year as a roadie for The Inspiral Carpets. He had been writing songs, which became the hits for Oasis, including "Live Forever." The Gallagher brothers are notoriously surly toward their fans. "I don't have to be nice to people because they dig my music," Noel told Rolling Stone. "I don't live my life to have my picture taken by fans. I'm not asking them to buy records. They buy them because they like them." They are wildly popular in England, with eight #1 hits, but have never had much success in the US. Noel claims this is because Americans have "very bad taste" in music, and cites The Backstreet Boys as an example. Noel left their 2000 European tour after he and Liam got in a fist-fight in Barcelona. They finished the tour without him. Noel and Liam are from Manchester and have the thick accents associated with the city. MTV once poked fun at their inscrutable speech by subtitling them. Paul Arthurs and Paul McGuigan left the band during the recording of the Standing On The Shoulder Of Giants album, and their parts were recorded again by the actual guitarist and bassist, Gem Archer and Andy Bell. (thanks, Carlos Arredondo - Monterrey, Mexico) Their album Standing On The Shoulder Of Giants is named after an inscription on the British 2 Pound coin. The coin says: "Standing On The Shoulders Of Giants and is a tribute to Isaac Newton. The album title was supposed to say "shoulders," but by the time they noticed the mistake, it was too late. In 1996 the group smashed the record for most weeks on the UK singles chart in one year with 134 weeks. The previous best was Adam And The Ants back in 1981, who amassed 91 weeks in that year. (thanks, Chris - Stoke-on-trent, England) Drummer Zac Starkey joined Oasis for a tour in 2005. He is the son of Beatles drummer Ringo Star, and was working with The Who. His decision to join Oasis threw off plans for a tour and album from The Who. (thanks, Calum - Lossiemouth, Scotland) Noel Gallagher has a daughter called Anais with his ex-wife Meg Matthews and Liam has two sons: Lennon, whose mother is Patsy Kensit, and Gene, whose mother is Liam's wife Nicole Appleton who used to be in All Saints. (thanks, Claire - Manchester, England) Definitely Maybe was voted best album of all time by NME and partners. (What's The Story) Morning Glory? ranked fifth in this chart. (thanks, Daniel - London, England) Together with Blur and Pulp, Oasis are closely identified with the Britpop movement. Britpop is an abbreviation of British Popular music, referring to the mid-1990s sound epitomized by guitar based tunes. (thanks, Bertrand - Paris, France) Liam Gallagher married Nicole Appleton of All Saints in 2008. Like Liam, Nicole also has a singing sibling: her sister Natalie is also in All Saints, and married Liam Howlett of The Prodigy in 2002. The band's name was taken from Swindon Oasis Leisure Centre in south west England, a clothes shop in the Manchester Arndale Market called Oasis, and a taxi rank round the corner from where they lived. Liam Gallagher told NME in 2013: "It meant that we were out there, because we were different. It was a s--t name." Noel Gallagher on songwriting: "With every song that I write, I compare it to the Beatles. The thing is, they only got there before me. If I'd been born at the same time as John Lennon, I'd have been up there." Although he is naturally left-handed, Noel Gallagher plays the guitar right-handed. He claims it is the only thing he does with his non-dominant hand.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,019	What kind of creature is a tanager?	Western Tanager, Life History, All About Birds - Cornell Lab of Ornithology Larger than a Yellow Warbler; smaller than an American Robin. Other Names Tangara à tête rouge (French) Tángara capucha roja (Spanish) Cool Facts While most red birds owe their redness to a variety of plant pigments known as carotenoids, the Western Tanager gets its scarlet head feathers from a rare pigment called rhodoxanthin. Unable to make this substance in their own bodies, Western Tanagers probably obtain it from insects in their diet. This species ranges farther north than any other tanager, breeding northward to a latitude of 60 degrees—into Canada’s Northwest Territories. In the chilly northernmost reaches of their breeding range, Western Tanagers may spend as little as two months before migrating south. Male Western Tanagers sometimes perform an antic, eye-catching display, apparently a courtship ritual, in which they tumble past a female, their showy plumage flashing yellow and black. Around the turn of the twentieth century, Western Tanagers were thought to pose a significant threat to commercial fruit crops. One observer wrote that in 1896, “the damage done to cherries in one orchard was so great that the sales of the fruit which was left did not balance the bills paid out for poison and ammunition.” Today, it is illegal to shoot native birds and Western Tanagers are safer than they were a century ago. The oldest Western Tanager on record—a male originally banded in Nevada in 1965—had lived at least 6 years and 11 months by the time he was recaptured and rereleased during banding operations in Oregon in 1971. Habitat Forest Western Tanagers breed in open coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands up to about 10,000 feet elevation in western North America. These birds are especially common in forests of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine. They also breed in riparian woodlands, aspen forests, oak and pinyon-juniper woodlands. They usually favor open woods including wetlands, forest edges, and burns as well as suburban parks and gardens. Occasionally they foray into relatively dense forest. During migration, Western Tanagers frequent a wide variety of forest, woodland, scrub, and partly open habitats as well as human-made environments such as orchards, parks, gardens, and suburban areas. Their winter habitat in Middle America is generally in pine-oak woodland and forest edge. Food Insects During breeding season, Western Tanagers eat mostly insects—especially wasps, ants, termites, stinkbugs, cicadas, beetles, grasshoppers, crane flies, dragonflies, caterpillars, scale insects, and sawflies. Before swallowing dragonflies, they clip the insects’ wings and occasionally also the head and legs. They also eat fruit, especially during fall and winter, when it may dominate the diet. Fruits eaten include hawthorn, wild cherries, elderberries, blackberries, mulberries, and serviceberries. Buds, for example those of greasewood bushes, occasionally add variety. Winter stragglers have been seen eating seeds at feeders. Behavior Foliage Gleaner Western Tanagers spend most of their time quietly, methodically plucking food from twigs, branches, flowers, and foliage in the upper portions of forest trees and shrubs. They also scan for insects, perching motionless except for side-to-side movements of the head before sallying out flycatcher-fashion to nab prey on the wing. They are swift flyers with rapid, powerful wing-beats and can hover for a few seconds at a time. After returning to their breeding areas, males establish territories with nonstop singing, especially at the borders of their territory. Both males and females chase away intruders. A male Western Tanager stays close to his mate during nest-building and egg-laying; the pair is almost always together when she’s not sitting on the nest, and he sometimes feeds her at or near the nest. status via IUCN Least Concern Western Tanagers are common and their numbers increased between 1966 and 2014, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Partners in Flight estimates t	Indian – Page 2 Screenwriter, director Gurinder Chadha was born on 10 January 1960 in Nairobi, Kenya, then a British colony. Her family was part of the Indian diaspora in East Africa before they moved to Southall, West London in 1961. After graduating from the University of East Anglia in 1984, Chadha attended the London College of Printing and studied radio broadcasting before starting a career with BBC radio followed by a move into television as a BBC news reporter. Chadha then began directing documentaries for the British Film Institute, BBC and Channel 4. In 1989 Chadha produced the thirty-minute documentary I’m English but … for Channel 4, which explores the phenomenon of bhangra music and issues of identity and belonging among young British-born Asians who listened to acid bhangra, a mix of Punjabi bhangra and rap. Chadha stated that after being exposed to the bhangra dance scene, her life changed; for the first time she felt a connection to her own ethnic culture – something that drove her to explore notions of ethnicity and identity in British-Asian culture through films along with a quest to make people think outside of the box – whether it is race, class, gender or sexuality. In 1990, Chadha set up a production company, Umbi Films. Her first film, Nice Arrangement (1991), is an eleven-minute short about a British-Asian family on the morning of their daughter’s wedding. This was followed by another documentary, Acting Our Age (1991), in which elderly Asians living in Southall recount their experiences of living in Britain. In 1992 Chadha directed the documentary Pain, Passion & Profit and in 1994 the short film What Do You Call an Indian Woman Who’s Funny? followed by a two-part drama for BBC, Rich Deceiver, in 1995. Chadha’s films, many of which she either co-wrote or adapted, include Bhaji on the Beach (1993), What’s Cooking? (2000), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Bride and Prejudice (2004), Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging (2008) and It’s a Wonderful Afterlife (2010). Many of her films explore the lives of Indians living in England and in particular the trials of Indian women who must reconcile traditional and modern cultures. They draw on her personal experience of being Indian and English at the same time and how she dealt with the duality of her identity. In her youth, Chadha refused to wear traditional Indian clothing or cook for her family as was expected. She viewed the custom of Indian women cooking in the kitchen while the men sat and ate as oppressive and would sit at the table with the men. Under the guise of quirky comedy dramas, Chadha’s films address social and emotional issues faced by immigrants caught between two worlds. Chadha’s first feature, a comedy-drama Bhaji on the Beach, was the first full-length film made by a British Asian woman and won numerous international awards including a BAFTA Nomination for Best British Film in 1994 and the Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Newcomer to British Cinema. The film, written by Meera Syal, was low budget but received critical success for its take on racial stereotypes, immigration and gender roles. The film follows Asian women from three generations on a day trip to Blackpool and portrays the clash of tradition and modernity, Indianness and Englishness, cultural specificity and universality. She chronicles the ways in which the women merge their cultural background with modern UK living such as one character who wears a leather jacket over her Indian garb, and another who, expected to be a doctor by her parents, becomes pregnant by a black classmate, which is a taboo in the community. Prejudice is evident from both outside and inside the British-Indian community, with white men treating the immigrants badly while the older generation of Indian women judge the modern look and progressive views of the younger women who try to break free from issues of domestic abuse and male superiority. Chadha next film, What’s Cooking?, which she co-wrote with her husband Paul Mayeda Berges, was the opening film of the 2000 Sundance Film Festival and w	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,020	Croutons are made with what?	Croutons Recipe - Allrecipes.com chellebelle 5/2/2005 A great way to use up bread that's past its prime! I like to use a lower oven temp so that the bread is crisp and dry all the way through before it starts to get too brown. Celiac_family_mom 4/27/2005 I've been making these for years, and my kids looooove them. Using french or italian bread, a garlic-salt mixture with parsley in it, and a butter-flavored cooking spray (rather than the butt... HASGR8BOYZ 9/17/2005 These were better than restaurant style croutons!! The only changes I made was I cut the bread into cubes first, than put them in a container with the melted butter, than I added garlic and oni... Mrs.Edwin 2/16/2002 I used Pam Butter spray on one batch and Pam garlic spray on another - then seasonings of my choice. The spray cuts down on the calories and keeps them crispy! TINACW 12/13/2000 Instead of buttering the bread directly, I poured melted butter over the sliced bread and mixed it well. It worked out great. Didn't take a lot of time. LOULOU73 6/30/2003 I'm glad to see other people make their own croutons! They are so easy and quick to make and are great to jazz up a salad. I toss cubes of bread in olive oil and freshly crushed garlic and sprin... PRATE002 8/28/2002 Wonderful! I will always make my own now--it's so easy! Mine were done at 10 minutes, though, so watch them. Sarah Jo 5/20/2008 Easy recipe for garlic croutons. I used day-old bread, which made even crispier croutons. Used them in a casserole and it worked out great for me. EDITED: You can make this to suit any kind of ... Momof2 6/1/2006 Great recipe...only thing that I do differently when I make this is to add some garlic to it. It is great to take a whole clove and rub it on the bread when it comes out of the oven. The hot b...	TED Case Study I. Identification 1. The Issue: Feta cheese is the heart and soul of Greek cuisine. For centuries now Greeks have relied on cheese as their main source of proteins, and since sheep and goats were the main source of milk, feta was the cheese that covered such a need. It should come as no surprise then that Greeks are the number one cheese consumers in the European Union, and that their favorite cheese is feta. Unfortunately market forces have conspired against the cheese by producing bland imitations, this paper will seek to clarify the problem and reestablish the true origin of feta cheese. 2. Description: Brief History & Process of Cheese: Man discovered cheese accidentally while transporting milk in canteens made from young calf's or sheep's stomachs. Milk curdling enzymes which are present in the stomachs of an un-weaned animal, acted as the separating enzymes for the milk and created a form of cheese. The accidental discovery of cheese is a landmark in the cheese's history. This paper focuses on FETA a purely Greek cheese, so the history of cheese within Greece will be explored. Aristotles and Dioskouridis, renown philosophers, talked about mixing milk from the leaves of a fig tree with goats milk and obtaining cheese. Others talked about making cheese by mixing fresh milk with lemon or vinegar, cheese is still made this way in the island of Crete. Greece is not the only country with peculiar cheese manufacturing techniques, in Spain and Portugal dried caper leaves were used as rennet in the manufacturing of their high quality cheese. A simple explanation on how cheese is made would be that the solids are separated from the liquids in milk by the addition of enzymes, which are most commonly known as rennet or rennin. The addition of enzymes produces whey, a thin layered whitish liquid, and curds, solid clumps. The curds are then concentrated and produce the soft white substance which we know as cheese. The texture, aroma and taste of each cheese is unique, varying with each step of the process. Throughout the process of producing cheese the qualities of its main component milk, are conserved. Thus cheese is very rich source of proteins, fats, vitamins A, D, E, and K, as well as aminoacids, all of which are essential for a balanced and nutritional diet. Cheese & the Greeks: Greek eating customs could be said that revolve around cheese. This is very different from the rest of Europe. This difference is also present when contrasted to the other south European countries, which share a similar climate and a great variety products with Greece. For the Greeks, cheese is not a food supplement, it is food. In Europe cheese is generally consumed after the main dish. In France for example cheese is eaten as dessert, one would never see a Frenchman eat his filet mignon with cheese. The French can not imagine eating cheese at any other moment during the day, not even spreading a soft cheese over their world famous croissants. On the other hand in Italy cheese is served as an appetizer, for example mozzarella al pesto or fresh parmesan cheese with rucula and olive oil. Cheese is not part of the Italians main dish, and if one is thinking about pizza, it should be clarified that the original pizzas from Naples and Sicily did not include cheese as an ingredient. Cheese, anchovies, jam, and all the other ingredients that are known to adorn pizza's were not added until much later when the standard of living increased and these ingredients became affordable. Contrary to its European counterparts of France and Italy, Greeks consume cheese at all times. Cheese can be had for breakfast, lunch, dinner, alone or with other food. Anybody who has lived or been to Greece knows that the one food that can be eaten any time of the day is "tyropita"- cheese pie. Even though eating habits around the world have changed, especially since the advent of fast food restaurants, Greeks most common and favorite food is cheese. For breakfast Greeks generally prefer hard or semi-hard cheeses accompanied by a fresh loaf of bread. If they are ev	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,021	Auguste Escoffier was famous for what activity?	Les Amis d'Escoffier Society of New York Auguste Escoffier King of Chefs 1846-1935 Auguste Escoffier, "The Chef of Kings and The King of Chefs," was born in the Riviera town of Villeneuve-Loubet, France, on October 28, 1846. His career in cookery began at the age of 12 when he entered into apprenticeship in his uncle's restaurant, in Nice. Escoffier went on to another apprenticeship at the age of 19, this time working in Paris. Escoffier was the first great chef who worked directly for the public throughout his entire career. Prior to this, the great French chefs were to be found in the kitchens of royalty and nobility, as was Carême, or at work in private clubs, like Alexis Soyer. Escoffier was never in private employ. From his apprenticeship in his uncle's restaurant in Nice to his collaborations with Cesar Ritz, which marked the height of his career, Escoffier's talents were in the service of cooking and his customers. Among those customers were kings, heads of state, and many stars of the London and Paris Opera. His career is legendary, in terms of the hotels in which he worked (among them the Savoy and Carlton of London), the contributions that he made to the aesthetics of gastronomy, and, perhaps most importantly, the revolutionary changes he made in upgrading the culinary arts. Before Escoffier's time, the Grande Cuisine was laden with excess — overly complicated recipes, ponderously extravagant dinners, sauces and garnishes that disguised main ingredients nearly beyond recognition. In accordance with his admonition, "above all, keep it simple," Escoffier developed a new gastronomic philosophy, a sense of finely honed and highly refined simplicity in dining, ideals that have been espoused by the finest chefs of the twentieth century. Escoffier's contributions to the culinary arts range far beyond those innovations that are immediately apparent to the eyes and palate of the connoisseur. He created the brigade system eliminating the chaotic, unpleasant atmosphere that once reigned in hotel and restaurant kitchens. Repulsed by the foul language and lack of concern for cleanliness all too common in nineteenth-century kitchens, Escoffier established sanitation standards and instilled in his subordinates a real respect for the wholesomeness of the food they served. He was one of the earliest chefs of note to have a sincere interest in preserving the nutritional value of the foods he prepared and served. Escoffier also had an expertise in food science and was a pioneer in food preservation and in developing sauces that could be bottled for the homemaker. Escoffier promoted the belief that food service professionals at all levels should be dedicated to improving their skills and general knowledge through education. He wrote numerous articles and books on cookery, the most famous of his works being Le Guide Culinaire and A Guide to Modern Cookery. On February 12th, 1935, a few days after the death of his wife, Escoffier died at his home, La Villa Fernand, 8 bis Avenue de la Costa, Monte Carlo, in his eighty-ninth year. He is buried in the family vault at Villeneuve-Loubet.	Performing arts - Oxford Reference Oxford Reference Ancient history (non-classical to 500 CE) Early history (500 CE to 1500) Early Modern History (1500 to 1700) modern history (1700 to 1945) Contemporary History (post 1945) Literary studies (early and medieval) Literary studies (19th century) Literary studies (20th century onwards) Literary studies - fiction, novelists, and prose writers Literary studies - plays and playwrights Literary studies - poetry and poets Literary theory and cultural studies Shakespeare studies and criticism Social Welfare and Social Services Sociology Years: c. 2800 BCE - 2009 Subject: Performing arts Go to lyre in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to copper in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to chōrus (‘dance’) in The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Dionysus in The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Thespis in The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to octave in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Aeschylus (525?–456 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Sophocles in The Oxford Companion to World Mythology (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Euripides (c.480–c.450 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Aristophanes (c.448–c.380 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Aristophanes (c.448–c.380 bc) in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Epidaurus, Theatre of in The Oxford Companion to Theatre and Performance (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to gladiator in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Ctesi'bius in The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (3 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Plautus, Titus Maccius (c.250–184 bc) in The Oxford Companion to English Literature (7 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to Nero, Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus (c. 37–68 ad) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to plainsong in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to polyphony in The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5 ed.) See this event in other timelines: Go to mystery plays in The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature (3 ed.) 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1,502,022	The colour silver (or white) is given what name in heraldry?	Heraldic Colours (or Tinctures) \| Patrick Baty – Historical paint consultant Heraldic Colours (or Tinctures) Tinctures One of the main aims of heraldry is to provide easily recognisable symbols and this is achieved by using clear colours and by following strict rules. However, not all of these are colours in the true sense – some are metals, furs, “stains” and “proper”, hence the more correct use of the word tincture.1 As one might expect with a system of coded symbols the tinctures themselves have meaning attached and one can often begin to read more into the message conveyed by the original bearer of the arms. Over time many of these meanings have changed, but there are still certain themes that can be picked up and I outline below the commonly accepted ones. The principal heraldic tinctures have changed little over the years. These are: Metals Ermine – White covered with black spots Vair – White and blue pattern (A number of variations of both of these furs are found.) What are these Tinctures? The exact colours employed in heraldry are usually left to the heraldic artist, whilst remaining within loose bounds. In 1934 the British Colour Council published a Dictionary of Colour Standards in two volumes, one showing 220 colours presented on pure silk ribbon, named, numbered, and coded, and the other giving the history of each colour, the various names by which each had previously been known and the authority for standardisation. Amongst these were seven of the above colours, the purpose of which was to provide a guide to selecting appropriate shades. As the British Colour Council developed its services to industry it became apparent that the bias in the dictionary towards colours for textiles made it less relevant as a standard reference work for Interior Decoration. In 1949 it published the Dictionary of Colours for Interior Decoration , which is discussed in another post. Volume 3 of that work listed the colours and provided a brief history of those illustrated in the other two volumes of colour samples. Under the heading Heraldic Colours it provided details which had been supplied by Somerset Herald 2 at the College of Arms . The following page is from Volume 2 of the Dictionary of Colours for Interior Decoration: Sample page from Dictionary of Colours for Interior Decoration showing Murrey Volume 3 tells us that: “These heraldic terms date from the early thirteenth century, when heraldry became established as a science. The heraldic colour names are mainly of French derivation, or influenced by Latin. The names are still used in heraldry today. It goes on to list the colours and provides examples of most of them: This metal is often represented by yellow. Gold represents glory, generosity, constancy and elevation of the mind. A version was offered in the Dictionary: Gold (CC 72) Azure Blue from Old French azur. Azure signifies piety, sincerity, loyalty and chastity. This was not illustrated in the 1949 edition, but it appeared as Larkspur (BCC 196) in the Dictionary of Colour Standards of 1934. A recent project of mine saw me researching the heraldic Beasts of King Henry VIII for a recreation of a Tudor garden at Hampton Court Palace . As well as identifying which beasts were relevant, I also had to establish how they were to be painted and where each of the tinctures were to be applied. Jane Seymour’s Heraldic Panther. Tudor Garden, Hampton Court Palace. The heraldic panther resembles a leopard. However, it is silver and covered with spots of blue and red and has flames issuing from its ears and mouth. Jane’s panther, which is collared with a coronet and chained, was the dexter supporter of her arms. A panther had been counted among the number of royal beasts since the time of Henry IV and possibly earlier. In this example one can see the following heraldic tinctures: Argent; Or; Gules; Azure and Vert. The latter is shown in its sixteenth century form, for at that stage there was only one satisfactory pigment to achieve a green colour in oil paint – Verdigris . Experiments carried out with it show tha	Scottish Team face defeat by Medieval Law — BigSoccer November 20, 2015 It should be a great time to be a fan of Ayr United. Ayr (pronounced ‘air’) had a poor season last year, but are currently top of Scottish League One having already won more games this season than they did last season, and as I’m writing this are on a 13-match unbeaten streak, which is the longest currently in all 4 Scottish divisions. Instead, fans of Ayr, known as the Honest Men, have been dismayed by news that their club is in trouble with the authorities and faces prosecution. Usually, when a club faces prosecution, it’s to do with a financial matter, such as taxes, or that they have breached some law relating to their stadium. That’s not what’s happening in this case. Instead, Ayr have been informed that their club emblem, which has been used since the 1950’s and is emblazoned on their club shirts and all merchandise, has been deemed a heraldic device, and has fallen foul of a law from 1592 relating to heraldry. For those who don’t know, heraldry relates to coats of arms and similar symbols and developed in medieval times as a way to distinguish certain families and organisations. Heraldry has rules about what can and cannot be included in a coat of arms. Scotland is proud of its heraldic traditions, and has a court called the Lyon Court to uphold them; the Lyon Court is the world’s oldest court relating to heraldry that is still operational. The Lyon Court is headed by the Lord Lyon, King of Arms, who has sole discretion on what coats of arms are and aren’t acceptable. In England, misuses of coats of arms are handled by the Court of Chivalry and are seen as a civil matter, though nobody has been brought before the Court of Chivalry in over 60 years. In Scotland however, infractions in heraldry are actually a criminal matter and nobody can legally use any sort of heraldic device without the approval of the Lord Lyon, who has the power to have any unapproved heraldic devices, and anything they are attached to, destroyed. This means that if Ayr make no changes to their emblem, the Lord Lyon could destroy all team kit and merchandise. In theory, Ayr could pay the £3000 and apply to get their badge made official by the Lyon Court, but it is unlikely that application would be successful due to the use of the saltire (the diagonal cross) in the same design and colouring as the Scottish flag; so any emblem with the saltire included suggests some kind of Scottish national institution. Also, the presence of the letters ‘A’ and ‘U’ in the shield would also disqualify it from being approved as no letters are allowed on heraldic devices. So, the options available to Ayr United are to either up with a completely new badge, or, and I think this is the most likely course of action they will take, simply remove the shield around the emblem, which, as stupid as it sounds, would no longer make it a heraldic device. It is believed that Ayr have already ordered all kits and merchandise for the 2016/17 season, so they’ll be hoping that they will be allowed to use their current badge until the 2017/18 season. Ayr aren’t the first Scottish team to be forced into changing their club crest by the Lyon Court. In 2010 Formartine United, a club who play in the Scottish non-leagues, were forced to change their club badge as it contained a saltire. Earlier this year, Airdire United, who are Ayr’s opponents tomorrow, had to change their club badge because of the letters ‘AFC’ on their shield. They changed their badge by simply removing the shield, which puts it beyond the jurisdiction of the Lyon Court. It should be pointed out that the Lyon Court doesn’t spend it’s time looking for emblems in violation of heraldic laws. They only investigate cases which have been brought to their attention by a member of the public. It is believed that Ayr were reported to the Lyon Court by a fan of a rival team – Ayr have a fierce local rivalry with Scottish Premier League side Kilmarnock (though there is a suggestion that an Ayr fan did something similar to Kilmarnock 20 years ago w	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,023	What was the name of the band formed by Paul McCartney after the break-up of The Beatles?	Starting Over: Paul McCartney battled depression after the break-up of the Beatles \| “Success means having the courage, the determination, and the will to become the person you believe you were meant to be.” -George Sheehan Determination to be successful, despite setbacks The cost of success is firm resolution, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that you will win no matter the outcome. You have to apply the best of yourself to the challenge. Everyone must choose the path that they will walk. Failure is taking the path that everyone else does; success is making your own path. Success is determined by how resolute you are to succeed. Everyone experiences tough times. It is a measure of your determination and dedication, how you deal with them and finally come through them. You will always be challenged in life to see if you’re truly ready for ultimate victory. It is critical to have determination in order to capture the objective, and fulfill your eventual purpose. The secret to success is to form superior habits. It will make all the difference in being successful, or failing. Be willing to put the same indomitable spirit into making your dreams come true as you would in facing a life or death situation. Do not wallow in your pity and blame others for your failures. No one wants to listen to a chronic complainer. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. “It is only through labor and painful effort, by grim energ y and resolute courage, that we move on to better things.” – Theodore Roosevelt The entrepreneur works a one hundred hour week, in order to not have to work forty hours for someone else. We enjoy the fruits of our labor. We want to win at all costs. We have our life to live, and it is our choice to accept the risks of being an entrepreneur. It is not glory that we seek. When the company prospers and we see the final product, and our clients are ecstatic with a job well done, that is what we live for. The f reedom to make our decisions right or wrong is the freedom that our country gives us. But there are times when it is not an easy road, when the accounts receivables grows beyond our control, when the government continues to burden us with excessive intrusion and taxes, when the gas prices go through the roof, and we still have to make payroll and persevere. At this point, it is determination and faith that help us to survive and then thrive. The strong will endure, the diligent will flourish, those of faith will see miracles, and those who are determined will triumph over all obstacles. – Thomas Cronin Speaking to BBC Radio 4’s Mastertapes, Sir Paul McCartney said he had been at a loss when the band fell apart in acrimony in 1970. “It was difficult to know what to do after The Beatles. How do you follow that?” he told John Wilson. “I was depressed. You would be. You were breaking from your lifelong friends. So I took to the bevvies.” “The business thing split us apart,” said Sir Paul, adding that all the “heavy meetings” were “doing my head in.” He became so depressed that he did not know “whether I was still going to continue in music.” Eventually, he moved to Scotland – partly to make himself unavailable for the business meetings – and hit the bottle. “It was Linda who said, ‘you’ve got to get it together…’ and that led to Wings.” – BBC Share this:	John Lennon \| Rolling Stone artists > J > John Lennon > Bio John Lennon Bio John Lennon was the most iconic Beatle. He was group's most committed rock & roller, its social conscience, and its slyest verbal wit. With the Beatles, he wrote or co-wrote dozens of classics – from "She Loves You" to "Come Together" – and delivered many of them with a cutting, humane, and distinct voice that would make him one of the greatest singers rock has ever produced. Lennon's brutally confessional solo work and his political activism were a huge influence on subsequent generations of singers, songwriters and social reformers. After the Beatles' breakup, he and wife Yoko Ono recorded together and separately, striving to break taboos and to be ruthlessly, publicly honest in their music and public performances. When Lennon was murdered on December 8, 1980, he seemed on the verge of a new, more optimistic phase. In the years since, his image has become a staple of T-shirts and posters, used by rock fans and activists alike as a symbol of peace. He was born John Winston Lennon on October 9, 1940. Like the other three Beatles, Lennon grew up in a working-class family in Liverpool. His parents, Julia and Fred, separated before he was two (Lennon saw his father only twice in the next 20 years), and Lennon went to live with his mother's sister Mimi Smith; when Lennon was 17 his mother was killed by a bus. He attended Liverpool's Dovedale Primary School and later the Quarry Bank High School, which supplied the name for his first band, a skiffle group called the Quarrymen, which he started in 1955. In the summer of 1956 he met Paul McCartney, and they began writing songs together and forming groups, the last of which was the Beatles. As half of the official songwriting team Lennon/McCartney, Lennon himself penned some of the Beatles' most well-known songs over the next decade including "A Hard Day's Night," "Help!" "Nowhere Man," "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)," "Ticket To Ride," "All You Need Is Love," "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds," "Strawberry Fields Forever," "Across the Universe," "Revolution," and "Come Together." Lennon, who had wanted to quit the Beatles just before the band's official breakup in 1970, began his career apart from the band in 1968 when he and Ono recorded Two Virgins. It was an album of avant-garde music most notable for its controversial cover featuring the couple fully nude; the album was shipped in plain brown wrapper. He would go on to record more than half of his solo albums with Ono. Lennon and Ono had been corresponding since he met the artist at a 1966 showing of her work at the Indica art gallery in London. The following year Lennon sponsored Ono's "Half Wind Show" at London's Lisson Gallery. In May 1968 Ono visited Lennon at his home in Weybridge, and that night they recorded the tapes that would be released as Two Virgins. (The nude cover shots, taken by Lennon with an automatic camera, were photographed then as well.) Lennon soon separated from his wife, Cynthia (with whom he had one child, Julian, in 1964); they were divorced that November. Lennon and Ono became constant companions. Frustrated by his role with the Beatles, Lennon, with Ono, explored avant-garde performance art, music, and film. While he regarded his relationship with Ono as the most important thing in his life, the couple's inseparability and Ono's influence over Lennon would be a source of great tension among the Beatles, then in their last days. On March 20, 1969, Lennon and Ono were married in Gibraltar; for their honeymoon, they held their first "Bed-in for Peace," in the presidential suite of the Amsterdam Hilton. The peace movement was the first of several political causes the couple would take up over the years, but it was the one that generated the most publicity. On April 22, Lennon changed his middle name from Winston to Ono. In May the couple attempted to continue their bed-in in the United States, but when U.S. authorities forbade them to enter the country because of an October 1968 arrest on drug charges	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,024	Yuri Gagarin made the first Soviet space flight in April 1961. Who made the first (sub-orbital ) American space flight a month later?	International Day of Human Space Flight: 10 achievements since Yuri Gagarin made first Earth orbit International Day of Human Space Flight: 10 achievements since Yuri Gagarin made first Earth orbit April 12, 2015 00:01 BST Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin wearing his helmet for the first manned flight in spaceGetty Earth's orbit has become a busy arena of human activity over the last 50 years. At the beginning of the 20th century, a burst of scientific investigation into interplanetary travel, inspired by fiction writers such as H.G. Wells, led to a breakthrough in space flight on 12 April 1961. Soviet citizen Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space, paving the way for space exploration as we know it today. Opening the era of manned space flight, Gagarin's flight took 108 minutes and consisted of a single orbit of the Earth, as part of the Soviet Vostok space exploration programme. Just under a month later, the United States launched its first suborbital Mercury astronaut, Alan Shepherd in a Freedom 7 capsule. Twenty days later, President John F. Kennedy, to quell the US public alarm at the widening lead by the USSR, announced a plan to land a man on the moon by 1970. In celebration of Gagarin and the beginning of the space era for mankind, we look at other milestones in human space flight – from the first woman in space to the launch of space tourism. First woman in space The first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, attends a press conference in Moscow in 2013Getty Although female space travellers were not commonplace until the 1980s, the first woman in space was a former civilian parachutist called Valentina Tereshkova. She entered orbit on 16 June 1963 on board the Soviet mission Vostok 6. The chief Soviet spacecraft designer, Sergey Korolyov, came up with the idea to recruit a female cosmonaut corps and to launch two women on Vostok 5/6, but his plan was changed to launch a male first in Vostok 5, followed shortly afterwards by Tereshkova. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space on board Space Shuttle mission STS-7 on 18 June 1983. First American in space Alan Shephard became the first American to travel into space in 1961Getty The US caught up with the Soviets less than a month after Gagarin became the first person in space. On 5 May 1961, Nasa astronaut Alan Shephard was launched aboard the Freedom 7 vehicle to become the first American in space. Shephard's suborbital flight lasted just 15 minutes, taking him up to an altitude of 115 miles before splashing down in the Atlantic Ocean around 300 miles from the launch site in Cape Canaveral, Florida. US Space Shuttle The retired space shuttle Atlantis leaves the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral in 2012Reuters The US launched the first reusable spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, on 12 April 1981, exactly 20 years after Gagarin's flight. It was able to carry different payloads to low Earth orbit, provide crew rotation, perform satellite repairs and allowed for supplies to be taken to the International Space Station. Each shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or ten years of operational life. On 15 November 1988, the Soviet Union launched the unmanned Buran shuttle, its first reusable spacecraft. Soyuz The Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft is transported to its launch pad at the Baikonur cosmodromeReuters Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme by the Korolyov Design Bureau in the 1960s that remain in service today. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, which is the most frequently used and reliable launch vehicle in the world to date, from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The spacecraft are used for transport to and from the International Space Station, with at least one Soyuz spacecraft docked to the ISS at all times as an escape craft in the event of an emergency. International Space Station The International Space Station, backdropped by EarthReuters The first component of the habitable artificial satellite, located in low Earth orbit, was launched in 1998 and is now the largest art	Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin - The Greatest Adventures of All Time - TIME The Greatest Adventures of All Time Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin Ralph Morse / Time Life Pictures / Getty The risks were otherworldly. If the engine designed to launch the men failed, they would crash. If the engine designed to lift them out of the moon's orbit failed, they would be forever lost in space. If the engine designed to return them to Earth failed, they would burn to death. There were solar and cosmic radiation to worry about, micrometeorites, lunar gravitational fields and whatever surprises the mysterious vacuum that is space might contain. Eight years earlier many moons ago the space program had begun in earnest: Alan Shepard chased Gagarin, becoming the first American in space; John Glenn orbited, becoming the first American to do that; President John F. Kennedy made a new promise, that America would put a man on the lunar surface before decade's end; and the Mercury program yielded to Apollo. Twenty Apollo missions were launched between 1960 and '72, and much else had happened along the bumpy road to the moon: In January 1967, three U.S. astronauts perished in a fire while trapped in their command module during an on-ground launch simulation. Three months later, Russian cosmonaut Vladimir M. Komarov plunged to his death during reentry after his parachute lines tangled. By the time veteran American astronauts Neil Alden Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. were in preparation for their 1969 attempt at the moon, it appeared NASA had finally taken the lead over the Soviet Union in the race to conquer this next frontier. Apollo 11, 6.5 million pounds of space-age technology, lifted off on July 16, 1969, thrust toward space from Cape Kennedy, Fla. Three days later, Commander Armstrong, a former U.S. Navy pilot with a degree in aeronautical engineering; Aldrin, a former Air Force pilot with a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in aeronautics and astronautics; and Collins, a former Air Force pilot each of them born in 1930 were hundreds of thousands of miles from home, circling the moon. The amazing drama was unfolding. Armstrong and Aldrin climbed aboard the lunar module they had named the Eagle. Their compartment was nine feet high, 13 feet wide and 14 feet long and, besides its communication center, contained nothing more than the men, a guidance computer and some food and water. This wasn't really about scientific inquiry, this was about getting there: The Eagle had been designed for lunar landing, lunar liftoff and ultimate rendezvous with the command and service module, manned by Collins during his teammates' absence. On Sunday, July 20, the lunar module broke from the CSM. "The Eagle has wings," Armstrong said as he and Aldrin started to make their way the 69 miles to the landing site. Suddenly, Armstrong saw below him a "football-field-sized crater with a large number of big boulders and rocks." He seized the manual controls and piloted the ship to safety, touching down on the intended target, the promisingly named Sea of Tranquility. After reporting the necessary technical information, Armstrong spoke the second of three phrases that still echo all these years later: "Houston, Tranquility base here, the Eagle has landed." A world watched rapt as shadowy images, beamed back through space, seemed to show a man descending a short ladder and stepping onto the moon. What did he say? Did you hear what he said? What Armstrong said "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" seemed perfect at the time, even if scientists, philosophers and the man in the street would debate in the years ahead how, precisely, getting to the moon represented a leap for mankind. In any event, the Eagle's two-man crew went on to perform each of its duties on the lunar surface without surprise or malfunction. Toddling along in space suits built to withstand temperatures from minus 250i F to 250i above, as well as any micrometeorites that might be zipping about, Armstrong and Aldrin collected 50 pounds of rock and soil s	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,025	In which British city is the Clifton Suspension Bridge?	Clifton Suspension Bridge's 150th anniversary and the British genius who built it \| Daily Mail Online Our very own Eiffel Tower: Fireworks celebrate Clifton Suspension Bridge's 150th anniversary and the bloody-minded British genius who built it For 150 years, the Clifton Suspension Bridge, linking Bristol with Somerset, has been wowing passers-by Thousands will turn out on Monday for party to salute one of Britain's most remarkable engineering triumphs They will also pay tribute to its designer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, one of the nation's greatest ever engineers Construction on the iconic structure began in 1831, but the work was not completed until 1864	Newport Travel Guide and Tourist Information: Newport, Gwent, Wales Newport Tourist Information and Tourism (Newport, Gwent, South Wales, UK) The third-biggest city in the whole of the country, Newport stands in the Gwent area of Wales and is an important centre of industry and commerce. However, much of central Newport has retained its Victorian character and does contain some rather elegant architecture, such as the unusual and stylish Transporter Bridge, a sky-blue structure, which is more than 100 years old and transfers cars across the River Usk in a cradle-like cage. In recent years, the city of Newport has undeniably become more tourist friendly, with a strong tourism vibe in many areas, especially during the summer months, when the shopping streets around John Frost Square can become extremely busy. The restaurants in Newport have also improved and now offer a rather cosmopolitan approach to cooking. Newport is located alongside the Severn Estuary and is close to the mount of the meandering River Usk. Following the demise of the city's coal mining and iron industries, Newport has turned to tourism more and more, welcoming visitors at every opportunity. When arriving here, a visit to the Newport (Gwent) Tourist Information Centre (TIC) within the Museum and Art Gallery on John Frost Square is in order, when the staff will offer some useful tourist information about the city's main districts, including the Caerleon, Pillgwenlly, Rogerstone and Stow Hill areas, together with general tourism advice. Many top tourist attractions are scattered around the city of Newport and include the extremely popular open-top guided bus tours - available during the summer months and offering live commentary, with information about the city's past; walking and hiking - with many popular walking trails taking in much of the surrounding countryside; the Riverfront Theatre and the Dolman Theatre - both featuring seating for more than 400 people and a good programme of plays, musicals and concerts; two popular cinemas - with one cinema along Bridge Street in the city centre, and a further multi-screen complex at the Newport Retail Park; the Newport Centre - a superb leisure centre with a large swimming pool and an extensive range of sporting facilities; Belle Vue Park - dating back to the end of the 19th century and offering plenty of Victorian charm and botanic specimens; and also Beechwood Park - a historic parkland with playing fields, tennis courts and a bowling green. More information about Newport Tourist Attractions . Around Newport you will also discover a number of rather eye-catching buildings, many of which have a particularly interesting past. Newport's main landmarks include the Westgate Hotel - with battle scars from the famous Chartist riot of 1839; St. Woolos Cathedral - a grand building with a mixture of architectural styles and some original 11th-century features; Newport Castle - important listed remains including two prominent octagonal towers and a courtyard area; Tredegar House - a grand 17th-century residence, surrounded by a vast parkland with woodland walks and a large boating lake; and the Caerleon Amphitheatre Barracks and Baths - a particularly ancient site with roman fortress ruins believed to be around 2,000 years old. More information about Newport Landmarks . Some of Newport's most notable museums and art galleries include the city's outstanding 'Open-Air Museum' - which offers a sculpture trail around the city, passing many prominent art works along the way; Newport Museum and Art Gallery - with an outstanding collection of paintings and ceramics, including works by a number of famous artists, together with historical information about the city; the Riverfront Art Gallery - a notable venue with many changing exhibitions, lectures and workshops; and the Ffwrrwm Arts and Crafts Centre - sited in the suburban village of Caerleon and known for its sculpture garden. More information about Newport Museums and Art Galleries . Close to Newport are a number of lively towns and cities, where you will find plenty of	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,026	Which river flows through the Grand Canyon	Rivers and Streams - Grand Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Rivers and Streams Rivers and Streams Rivers and Streams Water is a vital natural resource, particularly in the arid southwest. Most of the flow of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon originates in the Rocky Mountain region. From its origin to its mouth in the Gulf of California, many hands have claimed the Colorado waters for such purposes as irrigation and water supply. The Colorado River within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park drains an area of approximately 41,070 square miles. The major perennial streams feeding into the Colorado (such as Kanab and Havasu creeks, the Little Colorado River and the Paria River) are related to large perennial spring systems on both the north and south sides of the Canyon. However, the majority of water sources are intermittent or ephemeral in nature. The availability of water in these individual systems is closely related to geologic structure, seasonality and annual precipitation. Knowledge of all water sources within Grand Canyon is incomplete. A partial inventory was done in 1979 over a 1,881 square mile area of the park which found 57 perennial water sources, 21 of which are streams and 36 which are seeps. Specific geologic layers, such as the Muav limestone, are the most common sources for these perennial waters.	Earth Snapshot • Jordan River Flowing into the Dead Sea December 27th, 2009 Category: Lakes , Rivers Dead Sea - December 19th, 2009 The Jordan River is a 251 kilometre (156 mile) long river in Southwest Asia which flows vertically through the center of this image, into the Dead Sea . The last section, between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, has the least gradient. Thus, the river begins to meander before it enters the Dead Sea, which is about 400 metres below sea level and has no outlet. Two major tributaries enter from the east during this last phase: the Yarmouk River and Jabbok River. In 1964, Israel began operating a dam that diverts water from the Sea of Galilee, a major Jordan River water provider, to the National Water Carrier. Also in 1964, Jordan constructed a channel that diverted water from the Yarmouk River. Syria has also built reservoirs that catch the Yarmouk’s waters. Environmentalists blame Israel, Jordan and Syria for extensive damage to the Jordan River ecosystem. In modern times, the waters are 70% to 90% used for human purposes and the flow is much reduced. Because of this and the high evaporation rate of the Dead Sea, the sea is shrinking. All the shallow waters of the southern end of the sea have been drained in modern times and are now salt flats. In 2007, Friends of the Earth Middle East named the Jordan River as one of the world’s 100 most endangered ecological sites, due in part to lack of cooperation between Israel and the neighboring Arab states.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,027	What was the first name of Labour politician Keir Hardie Sr?	Keir Hardie, Politician • Biography & Facts Keir Hardie Politician James Keir Hardie (15 August 1856 – 26 September 1915), was a Scottish Georgist, socialist, and labour leader, and was the first independent Labour Member of Parliament elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Hardie is regarded as one of the primary founders of the Independent Labour Party as well as the Labour Party of which it was later a part. Personal facts	History \| Scottish Labour Party Scottish Labour Party Members History The story of Scottish Labour begins in April 1888 when Keir Hardie stood in the Mid-Lanark by-election. Hardie, who stood on a platform that included a pledge for stronger regulation of health and safety in the mining industry, the introduction of an eight-hour maximum working day, votes and political rights for women and home rule for Scotland, won only 617 votes. However, by standing against the Conservatives and Liberals, Hardie had given birth to a new and radical force in Scottish politics. Four months after the Mid-Lanark campaign, the Scottish Labour Party was formed, and, one year later, the new party merged with the Independent Labour Party (ILP), which Hardie had a played a key role in creating. The Scottish Trade Union Congress brought together its affiliated unions, the ILP’s Scottish division and associated socialist societies in 1899 to organise for the promotion of representation for working people through the Scottish Workers’ Parliamentary Committee, later reviving the title of Scottish Labour Party. This initiative preceded the creation of the Labour Representation Committee (LRC) in England and Wales in 1900. In 1906, the LRC changed its name to the Labour Party, and three years later, in 1909, the Scottish Labour Party amalgamated with its sister party to create the UK-wide political organisation. The subsequent rise of Labour was relentless. A mere fifteen years after the merger of the Labour Party and Scottish Labour Party, and 35 years after the Mid-Lanark election in which Hardie got a mere 8 per cent of the vote, Labour formed its first minority government, led by a Scot, in 1924. The major advance, however, came at the 1922 general election: Labour won 142 seats and replaced the Liberals as the main opposition, and Labour became the largest single party in Scotland for the first time. Another election followed in December 1923, and Labour’s parliamentary ranks swelled to 191, 35 of whom came from Scotland, enabling Labour to form a government. The government’s life was short-lived – lasting only ten months. But this did not prevent substantial progress. John Wheatley, MP for Glasgow Shettleston, steered through the 1924 Housing Act, legislating for the first major programme of municipal house building. A Scottish Home Rule Bill was introduced by George Buchanan, Labour MP for the Gorbals, though the measure was eventually talked out despite government support for the general principle of the Bill. Twenty years later – after another period of minority government in 1929 – Labour formed its first majority government in July 1945. Prior to this, importantly, Labour politicians played a leading role in Winston Churchill’s cabinet during the Second World War. Labour ministers – including Clement Attlee as Deputy Prime Minister and Ernest Bevin who served as Minister for Labour – were crucial to shoring up the home front, equipping Britain to win not just the war but also the peace. One of the great unsung heroes of the war was the Labour MP for Stirling and Clackmannan West, Tom Johnston, who was Secretary of State for Scotland between 1941 and 1945. He laid the foundations of Scotland's post-war reconstruction by establishing the North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board, the Scottish Council of State and a Council of Industry, as well as laying part of the foundation for Aneurin Bevan’s NHS by accelerating the scale and speed of public investment in hospital construction and staffing The first majority Labour government changed the face of Scotland and Britain. In six short years, Labour introduced the National Insurance Act in 1946; the National Health Service Act in the same year; the Town and Country Planning Act in 1947; the Children Act in1948, establishing a comprehensive childcare service, reforming services providing care to deprived and orphaned children; the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act in 1949; extended the minimum school-leaving age from 14 to 15; and oversaw British withdrawal fr	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,028	What is the surname of Sam in the US television series ‘Cheers’?	30 Things You Might Not Know About 'Cheers' \| Mental Floss 30 Things You Might Not Know About 'Cheers' NBC Like us on Facebook On May 20, 1993, Sam Malone—the fictional MLB pitcher-turned-proprietor of Cheers—announced it was “last call” for the final time at the Boston bar where everybody knows your name. But there’s plenty you probably don’t know about the classic sitcom, which spent 11 seasons on the air. 1. CHEERS ALMOST DIDN’T MAKE IT THROUGH SEASON ONE. Like many of television’s greatest success stories (e.g. Seinfeld), Cheers was not an immediate hit. It premiered on September 30, 1982 to dismal ratings— 77th place out of 100 shows that week , according to Nielsen. It was NBC’s entertainment president at the time, Brandon Tartikoff, who saved the show from cancellation during its first season. 2. THE BULL & FINCH PUB, ON WHICH CHEERS IS MODELED, IS NOW CALLED CHEERS Wikimedia Commons // CC BY-SA 2.5 Talk about life imitating art. After it was decided that the series would be set in a bar instead of a hotel, co-creators Glen and Les Charles decided the locale should be moved to New England. “Boston was chosen partially because only five short-lived television shows claimed the city and the East Coast pubs were real neighborhood hangouts,” wrote Dennis A. Bjorklund in his book, Toasting Cheers. As the show’s popularity rose, it didn’t take long for word to spread that the Beacon Hill tavern was the “real” Cheers (though only the exterior shots were filmed there), turning the neighborhood hangout into a tourist attraction. To satisfy the masses, a second location—this one was actually called "Cheers" and featured a replica of the bar viewers were used to—was opened in nearby Faneuil Hall in 2001. One year later, the Bull & Finch officially changed its name to Cheers. 3. SAM MALONE WAS A PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYER. At least he was in the script’s earliest incarnations, which made sense considering that Fred Dryer—the former NFL defensive end who would go on to star in Hunter—was a top choice to play the role of Sam (opposite Julia Duffy as Diane; William Devane was also a strong contender). Ultimately, it was the chemistry between Ted Danson and Shelley Long that led to them getting the gigs. Once the casting was finalized, the creators swapped out football for baseball, based on Danson’s body type. 4. TED DANSON ATTENDED BARTENDING SCHOOL. Danson spent two weeks at a bartending school in Burbank, California as part of his training to play Sam. 5. NORM AND CLIFF WEREN’T INTENDED TO BE REGULAR CHARACTERS. Both George Wendt and John Ratzenberger auditioned for the same role in the pilot, a minor character named George who had a single line: “Beer!” The character’s name was changed to Norm Peterson when Wendt was cast. But Ratzenberger wasn’t about to give up so easily. “As I was leaving the office after the audition, I turned around and asked them, ‘Do you have a bar know-it-all?,’” the Bridgeport, Connecticut-born Ratzenberger recalled to Ability Magazine . “None of the creators was from New England. They were all Hollywood-centered. And I said, ‘Well, every local bar in New England has got a know-it-all—someone who pretends to have the knowledge of all mankind between his ears and is not shy about sharing it.’” Thus, Cliff Clavin was born. 6. NORM PETERSON IS BASED ON A REAL GUY. In 2012, co-creator Les Charles told GQ that Norm was based on a real person . “I worked at a bar after college, and we had a guy who came in every night. He wasn't named Norm, [but he] was always going to have just one beer, and then he'd say, ‘Maybe I'll just have one more.’ We had to help him out of the bar every night. His wife would call, and he'd always say, ‘Tell her I'm not here.’” 7. NORM’S NEVER-SEEN WIFE VERA IS VOICED BY GEORGE WENDT’S REAL WIFE. Though she’s only credited in one episode, George Wendt’s wife, Bernadette Birkett, provided the voice for Norm’s wife, Vera. Birkett did make one appearance on the show—as a love interest of Cliff’s—in season three. 8. JOHN RATZENBERGER IMPROVISED MANY OF CLIFF’S FUN FACTS. Many of	Sam's Club \| Walmart Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Template:Ref improve section The first Sam's Club opened on April 7, 1983 in Midwest City, Oklahoma in the United States . [5] In 1989, Sam's entered New Jersey with a store in Delran in a former Two Guys/Jefferson Ward/Bradlees store. This was Walmart's first foray into the Northeast. The first Walmart discount store in New Jersey opened in 1991 in Turnersville. The company entered the Pennsylvania market in 1990. In 1993, Walmart acquired PACE Membership Warehouse from Kmart and converted many (but not all) PACE locations into Sam's Clubs. The latest flagship store opening Template:As of was in Fayetteville, Arkansas . The largest Sam's Club store is located in Pineville, NC with Template:Convert of retail space that was formerly an Incredible Universe. On September 24, 2006, Sam's Club received a new logo. The new logo has an updated serif font and features a green and blue diamond inside the big blue diamond, found above the word 'Sam's'. Sam's Club's previous slogan was "We Are In Business For Small Business" until 2006, the decision to remove the slogan comes as Sam's Club attempts to remove itself from serving just small businesses and open up to more individual customers. In December 2007. Sam's Club launched a new slogan, "Enjoy the Possibilities". Since then it became an official advertising slogan, mentioned in television and radio advertisements, but it is not mentioned on its website. As of early January 2008 the "Enjoy the Possibilities" slogan was no longer in use. Sam's Club launched their latest slogan "Savings Made Simple" in the fourth quarter of 2009. Starting in April 2007 there was speculation of a possible sale or spinoff of Sam's Club from parent company Walmart. [6] [7] At Walmart's 2007 annual shareholder's meeting in June, management said that Sam's Club is not for sale, although they did not say they are not considering a spinoff. [8] On February 26, 2009, Walmart Canada announced that it would close all six of its Canadian Sam's Club locations. [9] [10] [11] This was part of Walmart Canada's decision to shift focus towards supercentre stores, but some industry observers suggested that the operation was struggling in competition with Costco and the non-membership The Real Canadian Superstore (known as Maxi & Cie in Quebec ), that had a well-established history in the country. Sam's Club also rebranded the two as yet unopened locations as new Wal-Mart Superstores. In January 2010, it was announced that ten stores would be closed, including four in California. At the same time, Sam's will open six new stores at various locations in the United States. [12] On January 24, 2010, it was announced that approximately 11,200 Sam's Club employees would be laid off. The layoffs resulted from the decision to outsource product sampling duties to an outside company (Rogers, Arkansas-based Shopper Events, which already performs in-store product demonstrations for Walmart) and to eliminate New Business Membership Representative positions throughout the chain. Most of the laid-off employees were part-time and represented about 10% of the total Sam's Club workforce. [13] Design File:SamsClubLerdo.jpg Like other warehouse clubs, Sam's Club sells most of its merchandise in bulk and directly off pallets . The clubs are arranged much like warehouses , with merchandise stocked in warehouse-style steel bins. Template:As of there were 602 Sam's Clubs in the United States . [3] Products sold include jewelry, designer goods, sunglasses, crystal and collectibles, electronics, floral, apparel, food and meats. Most locations have Pharmacy, Tire and Battery, Photo, Bakery, Optical, Café and Floral departments. Sam's Club markets items under the private labels Member's Mark, Bakers & Chefs, and Sam's Club — including products by Richelieu Foods , [14] a private label manufacturer of frozen pizza, salad dressing, sauces, marinades, condiments and deli salads. Sam's Club does not sell the Sam's Choice or Great Value brands, that are available in Wal-mart stores. However Sam's	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,029	Rising to fame in Geordie Shore, reality TV star Scotty T. won which reality TV competition on 5th February 2016?	News, sport, celebrities and gossip \| The Sun George Clooney slams Trump after his Twitter tirade at Meryl Streep branding star 'overrated' auntie axes radio show BBC Radio 2 is axing their After Midnight show to cut costs 'in line with the rest of Beeb' CLUELESS CORONOR Death certificates reveal cause of Carrie Fisher's heart attack STILL a mystery, but confirm mum's stroke 'It was a great big one' Keith Lemon reveals he found a sex toy in one celebrity's house on Through The Keyhole BACK IN THE DALES Emmerdale star Charley Webb admits she 'burst into tears' on her first day back on set 'I LOVE HER' Sherlock's Martin Freeman reveals split with Amanda Abbington is 'as civilised as he's ever heard' TV PICKS Shows to watch on Tuesday 10 January from Martin Clunes: Islands of Australia to Sugar Free Farm PINK BALLOONS Emmerdale star Lucy Pargeter reveals the sex of her twins as she talks upcoming birth 'SHE'S WELCOME' Olivia Buckland reveals Alex Bowen's Love Island fling Zara Holland is invited to their wedding 'I CAN BE PROUD' Caroline Flack accidentally published a boozy 'half-naked video' with TV chef pal Gizzi Erskine on Instagram SACK THE STYLIST? Carrie Underwood, Hailee Steinfeld and Jessica Chastain miss the fashion mark at the Golden Globes Ola by myselfie Ola Jordan sends temperatures rising as she flashes underboob in 2017 calendar SNAPPY LOU YEAR Louise Redknapp showcases her impressive bikini bod with final pic from sunny New Year Dubai break ripped and stripped Danielle Armstrong shares naughty Snapchat of new boyfriend Daniel Spiller stripping in Dubai hotel room MIAMI NICE Heidi Klum goes topless as she relaxes during Miami holiday with boyfriend Vito Schnabel briefs encounter Emily Ratajkowski suffers fashion fail as she flashes her knickers at Golden Globes after party SUPERHERO SNOG Ryan Reynolds and Andrew Garfield caught in steamy clinch as Deadpool star loses Golden Globe well it is the golden globes! Dresses with plunging necklines are the order of the day as string of stars dare to bare what a night! Sofia Vergara grabs Priyanka Chopra's boobs and Miranda Kerr flashes flesh at Golden Globes after parties Ender the show Rita Simons greets panto fans after final performance following shock EastEnders death GOING POP Poppy Delevingne performs a sexy striptease for the latest racy Love Advent video THANKS FOR THE COCKTAILS! Lauren Goodger fails 'dry January' for second time in week after free dinner at posh restaurant DELIVEROOPS! Helena Bonham-Carter finds herself in a scrape after reversing her Mini into a Deliveroo driver as ex Tim Burton watches on SMOKIN' HOT Bianca Gascoigne is smouldering as she shows off toned bum and abs in her sexiest lingerie shoot yet PUPPIES ON SHOW Paris Hilton strips to her bra and cuddles her dogs as she poses in cute LOVE Magazine photoshoot 'I LOVE IT' Kylie Jenner proudly displays leg scar she got after childhood accident playing 'hide and seek' with Kendall at the Golden Globes afterparty BLONDE AMBITION Danniella Westbrook shows off new blonde hairstyle just hours after picking up her house keys What a waist! Holly Willoughby looks sensational despite having a 'fondue and Aperol Spritz' every day on holiday SPEEDY ED'S DAD DREAD Pop superstar Ed Sheeran fears rollicking from father after picking up speeding ticket in his £200,000 Aston Martin DB9 TIME FOR ROMANCE Amy Adams, Jessica Biel and Blake Lively put on passionate PDAs with their partners at the Golden Globes Hair’s how to stand out Lola Kirke flaunts her hairy armpits in a strapless dress at the Golden Globes CASEY'S GOLDEN GLOBES Ex-CBB star Casey Batchelor dips her toes into world of acting with star role in Bonded By Blood 2 MODEL SON David Beckham styles son Brooklyn ahead of his London Fashion Week collection launch BOOTY ON BOARD Bikini-clad Ariel Winter flashes her bum in cheeky holiday snap with a pal as they enjoy a boat trip THE WALFORD WORKOUT Coleen tells Nicola “I’m a f***ing TV star” on Celebrity Big Brother 00:31 Ola Jordan weighs in on Nicola McLean’s flirting with Jamie O’Hara 01:28 The mome	Poll system, 2 new trivia lists · Twentysix26/Red-DiscordBot@9ce74b6 · GitHub 75 trivia/2015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +In China in 2015 the record for the longest mating session between two giant pandas was broken at?`18 minutes`18 mins +Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show?`Bike +A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually?`Hum +Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did in 2015?`Eisenhower +Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service in 2015 called? `Tidal +At auction in 2015, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? `American Pie +In 2015 what global contest ruled against the use of swimsuits for its 114 competitors, for the first time since 1951 inception? `Miss World +Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015?`Google +In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age to what?`18`eighteen +The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as?`Camel Flu +Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book?`Fifty Shades of Grey`50 shades of grey +Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?`Rupert Murdoch`murdoch +In 2015 a new North Korean schools curriculum reportedly included that leader Kim Jong-un learnt to drive at age?`3`three +Which car company launched the Avensis model in 2015?`Toyota +In 2015 evidence of water was found on which planet?`Mars +Which 'BRIC' country launched the Astrosat space lab in 2015?`India +Who won the 2015 men's tennis French Open?`Stan Warwinka`warwinka +What company launched the S6 Edge smartphone?`Samsung +Which leading professional networking tech corporation, whose main revenue is selling user access/details to recruiters, bought the Lynda learning company for $1.5bn in 2015?`Linkedin`linked in +'Dismaland' was the temporary theme park/exhibition of which famous 'anonymous' artist?`Banksy +Matthais Muller was made chief of which troubled car company in 2015?`Volkswagen`vw +In 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency suggested banning which nation from the 2016 Olympics?`Russia +The game of Monopoly celebrated what anniversary in 2015?`eighty`80`80th +Name the Princess born 4th in succession to the British throne in 2015, to Britain's Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?`Charlotte +The 2015 Mad Max movie is sub-titled?`Fury Road`mad max: fury road`mad max fury road +The Magna Carta, signed in London, and inspiring constitutional rights globally thereafter, was how many years old in 2015?`eight hundred`800 +In 2015 the Sinabug volcano erupted in what country?`Indonesia +Olav Bjortmont became 2015 world champion in?`Quizzing`quiz +Lars Lokke led his centre-right party to 2015 government election victory in what country?`Denmark +Blackberry's new phone for 2015 was called the...?`Priv +Facebook's new music sharing/streaming feature launched in 2015 was called "Music... "?`Stories +Eddie Jones was appointed head coach of which English sporting team in 2015?`Rugby Union`rugby +According to 2015 survey what fruit was most popular among USA children?`Apples`apple +Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey celebrated what birthday in 2015?`49`fourty-nine`fourty nine`49th +Jon Snow was killed off in what TV series in 2015, adapted from GRR Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'?`Game of Thrones +Finance minister Yanis Yaroufakis caused comment for not wearing a tie in February 2015 when negotiating the debts for which nation?`Greece +What nation hosted the 2015 Women's World (soccer) Cup?`Canada +What iconic equine-alluding company, in countless books/films/cowboy holsters, filed for bankruptcy in 2015?`Colt +Due to a 2015 contamination scandal in India/Afica, which corporation destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi noodles?`Nestle +How many years old was the McDonalds fast food company in 2015?`60`sixty +It was announced in 2015 that Alexander Hamilton would be replaced on?`$10 bill`$10`tendollars`ten dollar bill`ten	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,030	In what year was the first Christmas card produced?	Christmas Cards \| First Christmas Card Christmas > Christmas Decorating > CHRISTMAS PARTY PLANNING First Christmas Card The sending of Christmas greeting cards began in the Victorian era. Although engravers produced prints with religious themes in the European Middle Ages, the first commercial Christmas and New Year's card is believed to have been designed and printed in London, England in 1843. John Callcott Horsley (1817-1903), a British narrative painter and a Royal Academician, designed the very first Christmas and New Year's card at the request of his friend Sir Henry Cole (first director of the Victoria and Albert Museum). Cole suggested the idea of a specially designed form of greeting to send to friends at Christmas . In 1843 an edition of 1,000 of these Christmas cards were printed and placed on sale in London . They were printed in lithography by Jobbins of Warwick Court, Holborn, London, and hand-colored by a professional "colourer" named Mason. The cards were published under Sir Henry Cole's nom de guerre, "Felix Summerly"—by his friend Joseph Cundall, of New Bond Street. This card, one of 18 cards produced 167 years ago and still known to exist, was auctioned by Sotheby's in 2010 and sold for $7000. This particular card was was sent to a "Miss Rusby" from an "H. Vernon", produced by Sir Henry Cole and published by Summerley’s Home Treasury Office, 12, Old Bond Street, London. [Image from Daily Mail ] That was the beginning. But in spite of its ingenuity, the first Christmas card was not an instant success, even bringing about disapproval from the temperance league who feared the card would encourage drunkenness. The following year there were other picture-makers, and the Christmas card was launched on the tide of popular favor; but it was not until the idea had grown out of favor among artistic and literary circles that it was taken up by a business man, Goodall. Charles Goodall & Son, a British publisher of visiting cards was one of the first to mass produce Christmas cards and visiting cards. In 1866 Mr. Josiah Goodall commissioned Messrs. Marcus Ward & Co., of Belfast, to lithograph, for his firm, a set of four designs by C. H. Bennett, and in the following year another set by the same artist. These, together with Luke Limner's border design of holly, mistletoe, and robins, may be taken as the forerunners of today’s Christmas card. Christmas Dinner Menu The Christmas card publishing industry created unheard of opportunities for artists, writers, printers, and engravers. In 1880 the Christmas card had a new birth, for it was then that a great London firm offered five hundred guineas in prizes for the most artistic designs. Many of the great artists of the day responded with their best ideas. Kate Greenaway, Walter Crane, and Thomas Crane were among the many 19th century artists famous for their greeting card designs. In addition, literary writers saw the opportunity; they gave to the beauty of the painting the music of their words. Many well-known writers were not above this profitable work of creating greeting cards. Thousands of pounds were spent in findi	How to Christmas – Christmas Television Christmas Television Christmas Television monkey 2014-05-22T14:48:47+00:00 Mrs. C says: Television at Christmas is more stupendous than at any other time of year. The Christmas Radio Times appears on the magazine shelves, the festive schedules are out – it’s time to put the highlighter pen to good use. I’ll start by picking out the drama specials and hope there might be a traditional Yuletide ghost story. Ed Elf: I’ll go for comedy specials first – especially the oldies but goodies on Gold. Mrs. C: Then there are blockbuster film premieres and annual favourites like “The Wizard of Oz” and “Mary Poppins”. Ed Elf: Plus festive cartoons and funny reviews of the year. Mrs. C: Not forgetting the Queen’s speech and Carols from King’s. Ed Elf: There’s just so much to choose from and so many great things that clash. What did we ever do before recorders or Sky+? Mrs. C: The mind boggles, dear Ed. Now, the How to Christmas Team can’t dictate your viewing habits over the festive season – that’s for you to determine. But the team has put together some interesting notes on the history of Christmas TV as well as offering recommendations on the programmes you might want to purchase. History The Queen’s Speech: The first Christmas Day speech to the Commonwealth by a King or Queen was in 1932. It was delivered by the Queen’s grandfather King George V, with words supplied by author Rudyard Kipling. Queen Elizabeth’s first Christmas Day message was in 1952. Broadcasting rights are shared by BBC and ITV, with each channel taking turns in filming the speech and the background content. Carols from King’s: The festival of Nine Lessons and Carols from King’s College, Cambridge was first held on Christmas Eve 1918 – an idea conceived by Eric Milner-White, the Dean of the College. The BBC first broadcast it on radio in 1928 and it can still be heard each year on Christmas Eve afternoon. The televised Carols from King’s was first shown by the BBC in 1964. It is now recorded not long before being shown on BBC2 on Christmas Eve. Both programmes always starts with “Once in Royal David’s City”. The Easter broadcast is filmed the same week. Radio Times: This weekly magazine was first issued on September 28th 1923. Since December 1969 a special double issue has been released for Christmas, which covers two weeks of programming. Until deregulation of TV listings in 1991, Radio Times carried details only of BBC television and radio shows. The ‘Christmas Number’, as the festive version of the magazine became known, traditionally bears a generic piece of Christmas artwork on its cover when the rest of the year it uses photographic front covers. Blue Peter: This iconic children’s programme first aired on the BBC in 1958 and its Christmas episodes changed very little through the decades – certainly in the show’s long stay at Television Centre, London. Since September 2011 it has aired from Salford. The programme started with a brass band arrangement of the carol “Good King Wenceslas” played over shots of viewers’ greetings cards; the last candle was lit on the Blue Peter-made Advent crown; presents would be opened by the presenters, including some for the show’s pets; children from local schools and the Chalk Farm Salvation Army Band would sign off with a rendition of “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing” or “O Come All Ye Faithful” and the Christmas manger was always the final pay-off shot. Christmas TV memories start here for so many people in the UK. Soap: Christmas Day is a time when Britain’s biggest primetime soap operas deliver major storylines in the hope of topping the festive ratings. When Dirty Den handed wife Angie divorce papers in the 1986 Christmas Day “Eastenders” episode, 30.15 million viewers caught the now famous bust-up – although this was a combination of the original audience (19 million) and the Sunday omnibus edition. “Coronation Street” beat “Eastenders” in the 2013 Christmas ratings battle for the first time in 10 years. “Emmerdale” entered the festive ratings equation when a plane hit the Yorkshire	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,031	The support about which a lever pivots?	Fulcrum - definition of fulcrum by The Free Dictionary Fulcrum - definition of fulcrum by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/fulcrum Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Legal , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . fulcrum relative position of the fulcrum in three basic types of levers, with arrows indicating the direction of the effort and the downward force of the load ful·crum n. pl. ful·crums or ful·cra (-krə) 1. The point or support on which a lever pivots. 2. Zoology An anatomical structure that acts as a hinge or a point of support. 3. An agent through which vital powers are exercised. [Latin, bedpost, from fulcīre, to support.] fulcrum n, pl -crums or -cra (-krə) 1. (Mechanical Engineering) the pivot about which a lever turns 2. something that supports or sustains; prop 3. (Zoology) a spinelike scale occurring in rows along the anterior edge of the fins in primitive bony fishes such as the sturgeon [C17: from Latin: foot of a couch, bedpost, from fulcire to prop up] ful•crum (ˈfʊl krəm, ˈfʌl-) n., pl. -crums, -cra (-krə). 1. the support, or point of rest, on which a lever turns in moving a body. 2. any prop or support. 3. any of various structures in an animal serving as a hinge or support. [1665–75; < Latin: back-support of a couch] fulcrum This diagram shows the relative position of the fulcrum in the three basic types of levers, with arrows indicating the direction of the effort and the downward force of the load. top: The effort and load are on opposite sides of the fulcrum, as in a crowbar. middle: The load is between the fulcrum and effort, as in a wheelbarrow. bottom: The effort is between the fulcrum and load, as in a person's forearm, where the fulcrum is the elbow and the load is something held in the hand. ful·crum The point or support on which a lever turns. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:	Celebrating Britten in Sweden, with Billy Budd Celebrating Britten in Sweden, with Billy Budd Overview Audio Selections The Story Who's Who Britten's opera is set at sea, on the British man-of-war H.M.S. Indomitable, during the Napoleonic wars in 1797. The opera presents portraits of a number of crew members, but the story focuses on three main characters -- a naïve, strapping young sailor named Billy Budd; his nemesis, the Master-at-Arms John Claggart; and the ship's beloved Captain Vere, or "Starry Vere," as the sailors call him. In a brief prologue, we see Captain Vere as an old man, looking back on his life, unable to forget the story of the young sailor Billy Budd, and Billy's fate at the hands of the officers on board the H.M.S. Indomitable. ACT ONE takes us back to that ship. The crew is on stage, busy at work, being bullied and whipped by their overseer. They sing a sea shanty with the refrain, "Oh heave away, heave!" Un deck, three prisoners have been brought on board. They're merchant marines who've been pulled off their ship and are about to be pressed into duty on the Indomitable. While questioning them, the Master-at-Arms, John Claggart, reveals his nasty side. One of the three men is a handsome young sailor named Billy Budd. He's cheerful and open hearted. He does, however, have a stutter, which comes out when he's in distress, at times leaving him frustrated and angry. When Billy realizes he's not going back to his old ship, he shouts a farewell to his mates. The ship is called Rights of Man, and in calling its name, Billy is misunderstood by his new officers to be encouraging dissent. They tell Claggart to keep an eye on him. Claggart goes them one better. He instructs his underling, Squeak, to deliberately provoke Billy. Meanwhile, Claggart orders Billy to remove his "fancy neckerchief: "This is a Man-o'-War," he says. Then, with a leering glance, he adds, "Take pride in yourself, Beauty, and you'll come to no harm." An old sailor named Dansker warns Billy about Claggart, but the young man pays little mind. In the next scene, Captain Vere is in his cabin, reading classic literature and musing on the parallels between his own times and those of the ancients. When he invites his officers in for drinks, they warn him about the new guy, Billy Budd. Vere waves them off; Billy is high-spirited, he tells them, but he's an innocent. In the final scene of Act One, the sailors are singing shanties up on deck. Billy goes down to his berth and finds Squeak rummaging through his things. The two men begin to fight. Claggart appears, realizes that Squeak has bungled his mission, and to conceal his own role has Squeak packed off to the brig. Claggart then insinuates himself into Billy's good graces, praising the young man's beauty and goodness. But as he later sings, it's exactly those qualities that inspire his own determination to destroy Billy. Claggart then sends for a sailor called the Novice, and forces him to attempt to bribe Billy into starting a mutiny. When the Novice does this, Billy resists, and then gets angry. As the two scuffle, the old man Dansker finds them, and calms Billy down. He then warns him -- again -- to beware of Claggart. As ACT TWO begins, the H.M.S. Indomitable is stuck in a thick fog. The men are champing at the bit to engage in battle. John Claggart, the ship's devious Master-at-Arms, tells Captain Vere that he thinks Billy Budd is a mutineer. Suddenly the fog begins to lift, and the sails of a French ship are visible. Vere orders his men to pursue the vessel and prepare for battle. But when he orders the cannon to fire, the shots fall short. The mist returns, and any chance of a battle ends. Claggart again approaches the captain, and this time he's more more insistent. He tells Vere he has proof that Billy accepted a bribe of gold in exchange for starting a mutiny. Vere is angry, but still refuses to believe Claggart -- preferring to confront Billy himself. Vere, alone in his cabin, sings of his confidence that Billy is innocent. But when Claggart brings Billy in for questioning, Billy be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,032	Which Monty Python comedian wrote and sang the theme tune to BBC's One Foot In the Grave ?	Who is Eric Idle? - YouTube Who is Eric Idle? Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 30, 2015 Who is Eric Idle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gg6cC... Eric Idle (born 29 March 1943) is an English comedian, actor, author, singer-songwriter, musician, writer and comedic composer. Idle is a member of the English surreal comedy group Monty Python, a member of The Rutles on Saturday Night Live, and the author of the Broadway musical Spamalot. Eric Idle was born on March 29, 1943 in South Shields, Tyne and Wear, England. He is an actor and writer, known for Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975), Life of Brian (1979) and The Meaning of Life (1983). He has been married to Tania Kosevich since May 22, 1981. They have one child. He was previously married to Lyn Ashley. Idle wrote for Python mostly by himself, at his own pace, although he sometimes found it difficult in having to present material to the others and make it seem funny without the back-up support of a partner. Cleese admitted that this was slightly unfair – when the Pythons voted on which sketches should appear in a show, "he only got one vote", but says that Idle was an independent person and worked best on his own. Idle himself admitted this was sometimes difficult: "You had to convince five others. And they were not the most un-egotistical of writers, either." Idle's work in Python is often characterised by an obsession with language and communication: many of his characters have verbal peculiarities, such as the man who speaks in anagrams, the man who says words in the wrong order, and the butcher who alternates between rudeness and politeness every time he speaks. A number of his sketches involve extended monologues (for example the customer in the "Travel Agency" sketch who won't stop talking about his unpleasant experiences with holidays), and he would frequently spoof the unnatural language and speech patterns of television presenters. Unlike Palin, Idle is said to be the master of insincere characters, from the David Frost-esque Timmy Williams, to small-time crook Stig O'Tracy, who tries to deny the fact that organised crime master Dinsdale Piranha nailed his head to the floor. The second-youngest member of the Pythons, Idle was closest in spirit to the students and teenagers who made up much of Python's fanbase. Python sketches dealing most with contemporary obsessions like pop music, sexual permissiveness and recreational drugs are usually Idle's work, often characterised by double entendre, sexual references, and other "naughty" subject matter – most famously demonstrated in "Nudge Nudge." Idle originally wrote "Nudge, Nudge" for Ronnie Barker, but it was rejected because there was 'no joke in the words'. A competent guitarist, Idle composed many of the group's most famous musical numbers, most notably "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life", the closing number of Life of Brian, which has grown to become a Python signature tune. He was responsible for the "Galaxy Song" from The Meaning of Life and "Eric the Half-a-Bee", a whimsical tune that first appeared on the Previous Record album. On television, Idle created Rutland Weekend Television (RWT), a sketch show on BBC2, written by himself, with music by Neil Innes. RWT was 'Britain's smallest television network'. The name was a parody of London Weekend Television, the independent television franchise contractor that provided Londoners with their ITV services at weekends; Rutland had been England's smallest county, but had recently been 'abolished' in an administrative shake-up. To make the joke complete, the programme went out on a weekday. Other regular performers were David Battley, Henry Woolf, Gwen Taylor and Terence Bayler and George Harrison made a guest appearance on one episode. Idle received good critical notices appearing in projects written and directed by others	The UK Number Ones : 1950s Sheet Music Sales Week Ending SONG TITLE Notable Recording(s) + Artist Links Weeks COMMENT 7 Jan 1950 You're Breaking My Heart Ink Spots 2 They were a top close-harmony singing act of black Americans. 21 Jan 1950 Hop Scotch Polka Billy Whitlock 1 Whitlock wrote the piece with that title, but called it "Scotch Hot" on the recording! 28 Jan 1950 The Harry Lime Theme Anton Karas 4 (Returned for 3 weeks from w/e 18/2/50) Famed theme from the spy film "The Third Man", starring Orson Welles. The theme was composed by the performer. 4 Feb 1950 Dear Hearts And Gentle People 1: Dinah Shore Song was a radio favourite on the "Billy Cotton Band Show". 11 Mar 1950 Music! Music! Music! Teresa Brewer 6 First major hit for the girl from Ohio. She later did badly against UK cover versions. 22 Apr 1950 (If I Knew You Were Comin') I'd've Baked A Cake Eve Young & The Homesteaders 1 Another happy-go-lucky radio favourite which Billy Cotton helped to popularise. 29 Apr 1950 My Foolish Heart Billy Eckstine 11 He was a deep-voiced star from the 1930s, still very popular throughout the 50s. 8 Jul 1950 Bewitched (Bothered and Bewildered) 1: Doris Day Written by Rodgers & Hart. Recorded by Doris Day in 1949. 9 Sep 1950 Silver Dollar (Roll, Roll, Roll) Eve Young & The Homesteaders 7 Similar style to Eve's previous hit, got the musicians buying again. 28 Oct 1950 Goodnight Irene 1: Frank Sinatra 2: Jo Stafford 4 A version by the Gordon Jenkins Orch was at no 1 in the US for 13 weeks. 25 Nov 1950 Rudolph The Red-nosed Reindeer 1: Gene Autry Christmas song that has remained ever popular since. 6 Jan 1951 I Taut I Taw A Puddy Tat Mel Blanc 3 Based on a line from the Tweetie Pie cartoons. Mel was the cartoon voice. 27 Jan 1951 Beloved, Be Faithful 1: Teddy Johnson Both of these were top British balladeers of their time. 3 Feb 1951 The Petite Waltz 1: Anne Shelton At this time, the most popular dance by far was the waltz. 17 Feb 1951 The Tennessee Waltz 1: Patti Page 2: Anita O'Day 9 The US country music star (Patti Page) battled it out in the UK with a jazz music star (Anita O'Day) a country music waltz. 21 Apr 1951 Mockin' Bird Hill Les Paul & Mary Ford 10 They were of multi-track recording and amplified electric guitars. 30 Jun 1951 With These Hands Nelson Eddy & Jo Stafford 3 Hits for Shirley Bassey in 1960 and Tom Jones in 1965. 21 Jul 1951 My Resistance Is Low Hoagy Carmichael 4 Written by the singer. Hit for Robin Sarstedt in 1976. Cole's version is now best known, but it was Young's first major success. 10 Nov 1951 Longing For You Teresa Brewer 11 Melody based on the classical piece "Waltz Dream" by Oscar Straus. 12 Jan 1952 The Loveliest Night Of The Year 1: Mario Lanza Was on the chart for a record 32 weeks before making No 1. 23 Feb 1952 There's Always Room At Our House Guy Mitchell 4 First major recording for this US singing star. 22 Mar 1952 Unforgettable Nat 'King' Cole 10 All-time Nat 'King' Cole classic. 24 May 1952 A-round The Corner Jo Stafford 3 She was the most popular American female singer in the UK at this time. 14 Jun 1952 Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart Vera Lynn 10 Immensely popular with people who remembered the war years. 23 Aug 1952 The Homing Waltz 1: Vera Lynn Successive No 1s for Vera Lynn recordings. 25 Oct 1952 Here In My Heart Al Martino 8 Became the first No 1 on the record-sales chart. 27 Dec 1952 You Belong To Me 1: Jo Stafford It was Jo Stafford's version that topped the infant records chart. 7 Feb 1953 Don't Let The Stars Get In Your Eyes Perry Como 1 Como's version topped the record charts in UK and US. 14 Feb 1953 Broken Wings 1: Stargazers 2: Dickie Valentine 3: Art & Dottie Todd 6 These three versions were UK hits, but the Stargazers took it to No 1 in the records chart. 28 Mar 1953 (How Much Is) That Doggie In The Window 1: Patti Page Both UK record hits, but Lita Roza made it to the top. 9 May 1953 In A Golden Coach 1: Billy Cotton Band Celebrating the c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,033	In Greek myth, who led the quest to find the Chrysomallos?	Rogier van der Weyden (c. 1399-1464) - Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy (1396-1467) References Description Philip the Good ruled the duchy of Burgundy from 1419 to 1467. An active patron of the arts, he had strong links with Henry VI’s court in England though he preferred to concentrate on the expansion of his own land rather than becoming embroiled in the Hundred Years’ War. He is shown here wearing the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece, which he established on 10 January 1430 in emulation of the English Order of the Garter; he had been invited to become a Garter Knight but declined for fear of offending the French King Charles VII. The symbol of the Order refers to the tale from Greek mythology in which Jason led the band of Argonauts on a quest to find the golden fleece of the ram Chrysomallos, which was hung on a tree guarded by a dragon. It was controversial to use a pagan symbol for a Christian order, but the chivalrous overtones of the story clearly appealed to the Duke, who had the legend illustrated for him numerous times. This portrait conforms to a standard type of image of Philip the Good created by various artists to satisfy popular demand. There is no known painted prototype and it is possible that the numerous versions derive from an original drawing by Rogier van der Weyden, unofficial painter to the Burgundian court. The prototype for portrait may have formed part of a matrimonial diptych, which would have included a portrait of Isabella of Portugal, Philip’s third wife whom he married in 1430. The portrait was probably painted by a member of Rogier van der Weyden’s large workshop and is a stylised, emotionless and idealised image of the ruler. Comparison with other versions, such as that in Bruges Musée Communal, highlight the pattern-book nature of the image. Philip is depicted in three-quarter profile, wearing a black chaperon (a hood or hat), with a scroll prominently held in his hands. The gesture of his hands is striking; his right is outstretched as though in prayer, whereas his left is foreshortened, thereby demonstrating the artist’s grasp of perspective. The age of the sitter - around 50 - combined with the style of his clothing indicates a date around the mid 1440s. Text adapted from 'Bruegel to Rubens: Masters of Flemish Painting', London 2007 Provenance First recorded in the collection of Henry VIII at Whitehall in 1542 People involved	Whom the Gods Would Destroy Whom the Gods Would Destroy by "When falls on man the anger of the gods, first from his mind they banish understanding." Lycurgus "When divine power plans evil for a man, it first injures his mind." Sophocles "Those whom God wishes to destroy, he first deprives of their senses." Euripides "Whom God wishes to destroy he first makes mad." Seneca "For those whom God to ruin has design'd, He fits for fate, and first destroys their mind." John Dryden "Whom the Gods would destroy they first make mad." Henry Wadsworth Longfellow "We must be mad, literally mad, as a nation to be permitting the annual inflow of some 50,000 dependents, who are for the most part the material of the future growth of the immigrant-descended population. It is like watching a nation busily engaged in heaping up its own funeral pyre." Enoch Powell (1912-1998), British Conservative Member of Parliament, in a 1968 speech on the dangers of nonwhite immigration that effectively ended his chances for higher office. Fact is often stranger than fiction. We are often entertained by apocalyptic works of fiction in which humanity, or an important part of it, is threatened with destruction. We are witnesses to the suspenseful efforts of the protagonists to save it. In the world of fact we are also witnesses -- to a real-life drama which is much more than a case of life imitating art. The drama unfolding before us is the gradual diminishment and extinction of the Nordish race through the process of racial intermixture and replacement. Its existence has already suffered major loss and diminishment. Yet the presently dominant morality prohibits Northern Europeans from engaging in any effort to save it, or sympathizing with any such effort, or even caring about its plight. They are not permitted to oppose the ongoing destruction of their race, but are expected to support it. In fiction, a tragedy is a morally significant struggle ending in the destruction or downfall of something or someone of great value or importance. The tragic playwrights of ancient Greece invented the form, emphasizing the role of morality in the conflict. They also originated the classic warning quoted above, that madness precedes, and causes, destruction. But it is the essence of madness that those afflicted by it cannot see it, and scorn as mad those who do. The divine, ruling or dominant powers that have made them mad, that have turned them against their own vital interests, against themselves, to bring about their own destruction -- through the agency of a self-destructive ideology, religion, morality or system of beliefs and values -- prevent them from being aware of either their madness or the fate it brings upon them. The Nordish race has been turned against itself. It has accepted a dominant ideology or morality, a system of ideas, beliefs and values, that denies and violates its vital rights and interests, promotes its diminishment and destruction, prohibits it from acting to save itself, and condemns as immoral those who do. The result, setting the stage for a classical tragedy, is that the Nordish race has been made effectively mad on racial matters. This tragic phenomenon is the overriding cause of the process of extinction now destroying the Nordish race. Without it, the other causes would be ineffective and soon eliminated. It permits and assists their operation, and prevents any defensive action against them. The dominant ideology, or ruling power, accepted by the Nordish race at the potentially fatal cost of its racial sanity is racial nihilism. Most have no real choice in this matter. They are conditioned or indoctrinated. Their minds are molded, bent and shaped to fit and conform with the dominant ideology, morality, beliefs and values of racial nihilism almost from birth without fair exposure to alternatives. The combined institutional influence of the news and entertainment media, the educational system, government and churches, the personal influence of academic, political and religious authority figures and l	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,034	Which horse won the 2001 English Grand National?	BBC SPORT \| Special Events \| 2001 \| Grand National \| Grand National win for Red Marauder Saturday, 7 April, 2001, 15:00 GMT 16:00 UK Grand National win for Red Marauder Richard Guest and Red Marauder led just four home Result: 1. Red Marauder (33/1); 2. Smarty (16/1); 3. Blowing Wind (16/1); 4. Papillon (14/1). Red Marauder won an amazing Grand National, with only four finishers coming home at Aintree. Persistent rain in Liverpool in the days leading up to the race left the Aintree course very soft and the heavy going accounted for most of the 40-strong field. Red Marauder, ridden by Richard Guest, was an unfancied horse at 33/1 after only making it as far as Becher's Brook last year. Timmy Murphy brought Smarty home in second place, with Tony McCoy and Blowing Wind in third. He (Red Marauder) just didn't want to go down Winning jockey Richard Guest Last year's winner Papillon under Ruby Walsh finished fourth. The good news was that all the horses competing were reported fine after the race. A delighted Guest said: "I've never run in worse conditions. I was in two minds whether we should be out there. "He (Red Marauder) nearly went down five times." The winner is owned and trained by Norman Mason, and naturally he went through a rollercoaster of emotions during the race. "That was absolutely fantastic," said Mason. "I was in tears. "I have never had such emotion in my life, apart from my wife having a baby. "I have never seen a race like that in my 25 years of racing." Chinese influence Mason confirmed that Red Marauder had taken his name from the Chinese quarter of Toronto where all the buildings are red. And the horse was sure to have plenty of support in China where the race was being screened live for the first time. Red Marauder and Smarty were at one stage the only two horses running - and both riders sensibly eased the pace. I looked up at the big screen and saw there were only two horses still racing. I shouted to Ruby, 'come on, lets get back up' Tony McCoy But as they approached the second last, Guest moved Red Marauder into the lead and went on to win by a distance. Champion jockey Tony McCoy completed the National for the first time after remounting Blowing Wind, which had fallen at the 19th. It was the same fence that accounted for Papillon - but Ruby Walsh responded in a similar fashion to McCoy by climbing back aboard. "I looked up at the big screen and saw there were only two horses still racing," said McCoy. "I shouted to Ruby, 'come on, lets get back up'. And the two riders stayed together to help each other around the course, until McCoy moved his horse away after the final fence. McCoy added: "I enjoyed it but I'm gutted because I was travelling well. A loose horse brought me down and stopped me from having a chance of winning." Highly-fancied pairing Beau and Edmond both fell when in the leading ranks. The Chair, the 15th of the 30 fences, accounted for Edmond. Jockey Richard Johnson revealed: "He got a little bit blind going into it and put his foot into the ditch." WATCH/LISTEN	Minnehoma 1994 Grand National /in Horses /by Simone Wright Miinnehoma won the Grand National in 1994, just one of Martin Pipe’s five entries in a thirty-six strong field. It was Miinnehoma’s Grand National debut and it followed a poor seventh finish in the Cheltenham Gold Cup just twenty-three days previously. He did nevertheless have good odds of 16-1 due to the local support he received, as he was owned by Liverpool comedian Freddie Starr . Miinnehoma was bred in Co. Wexford, Ireland, and was bought for 35,000 guineas at the Doncaster Sales in 1988, and started his training under Owen Brennan at Newark. Under Brennan he won a two-mile race at Uttoexeter before being passed on to Martin Pipe, under whom he won four races over hurdles in the following season. Minnehoma was usually ridden by Peter Scudamore , who had brought him to victory in the Sun Alliance Chase, but now it was Scudamore’s successor Richard Dunwoody who had inherited the ride. They jumped perfectly and Dunwoody was aware that it was best not to have the gelding at the front for very long, so restrained him for much of the course. However, Minnehoma did not enjoy being held back and was in the lead by the 17th, with Dunwoody having to work doubly hard to keep in front. Miinnehoma pecked badly on landing over Becher’s second time round but quickly recovered and while Moorcroft Boy was ahead at the final fence, Miinnehoma took command at the Elbow. Out of the blue, outsider Just So drew alongside, but Miinnehoma had what it took and won by one and a half lengths with Moorcroft Boy (with jockey Adrian Maguire , Dunwoody’s greatest rival) twenty lengths back in third. Only six of the thirty-six contenders finished the race. He entered the National again the following year but was pulled up by Dunwoody at the twenty-first fence. He was retired in May 1996 to the Berkshire home of his owner.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,035	In 1960 who became President of the newly independent Cyprus?	Cyprus: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities Anastasiadis Becomes President in 2013 Geography The third-largest island in the Mediterranean (one and one-half times the size of Delaware), Cyprus lies off the southern coast of Turkey and the western shore of Syria. The highest peak is Mount Olympus at 6,406 ft (1,953 m). Government Republic. Mediation efforts by the UN seek to reunify the Greek and Turkish areas of the island under one federated system of government. History Cyprus was the site of early Phoenician and Greek colonies. For centuries its rule passed through many hands. It fell to the Turks in 1571, and a large Turkish colony settled on the island. In World War I, at the outbreak of hostilities with Turkey, Britain annexed the island. It was declared a Crown colony in 1925. The Greek population, which regarded Greece as its mother country, sought self-determination and union (enosis) with Greece. In 1955, a guerrilla war against British rule was launched by the National Organization of Cypriot Combatants (EOKA). In 1958, Greek Cypriot nationalist leader Archbishop Makarios began calling for Cypriot independence rather than union with Greece. During this period, Turkish Cypriots began demanding that the island be partitioned between the Greek and Turkish populations. Cyprus became an independent nation on Aug. 16, 1960, after Greek and Turkish Cypriots agreed on a constitution, which excluded both the possibility of partition as well as of union with Greece. Makarios became the country's first president. Fighting between Greek and Turkish Cypriots flared up in the early 1960s, and a UN peacekeeping force was sent to the island in 1965. On July 15, 1974, Archbishop Makarios was overthrown in a military coup led by the Cypriot National Guard. On July 20, Turkey invaded Cyprus, asserting its right to protect the Turkish Cypriot minority. Turkey gained control of 30% of northern Cyprus and displaced some 180,000 Greek Cypriots. A UN-sponsored cease-fire was established on July 22, and Turkish troops were permitted to remain in the north. In Dec. 1974, Makarios again assumed the presidency. The following year, the island was partitioned into Greek and Turkish territories separated by a UN-occupied buffer zone. Turkish Cypriots proclaimed a separate state under Rauf Denktash in the northern part of the island on Nov. 15, 1983, naming it the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.” The UN Security Council, in its Resolution 541 of Nov. 18, 1983, declared this action illegal and called for withdrawal. No country except Turkey has recognized this entity. In 1988, George Vassiliou, a conservative and critic of UN proposals to reunify Cyprus, became president. The purchase of missiles capable of reaching the Turkish coast evoked threats of retaliation from Turkey in 1997, and Cyprus's plans to deploy more missiles in Aug. 1999 again raised Turkey's ire.	Thousands gathered for commemorations in Dublin during 100th anniversary of Ireland's Easter Rising against Britain, which inspired the country's eventual independence [Peter Morrison/AP] By Barbara McCarthy Dublin, Ireland - This week Irish people mark the centenary of the Easter Rising with commemorations across the country lasting until April 24. The uprising against the British Empire, which took place in Dublin and other cities and towns in Ireland during Easter week in 1916, marked a turning point in Irish history. On Easter Monday, 100 years ago, rebels seized buildings across the capital and declared an Irish republic. But the empire responded and 485 people were killed before the rebels laid down their weapons and surrendered. Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in Dublin on Sunday to mark this anniversary in what was the largest commemorative event in the country's history. President Michael D Higgins laid a wreath at Kilmainham Gaol, where 14 of the 16 rebel leaders executed by the British were killed by firing squad. "The nation has journeyed many miles from the shell-shocked and burning Dublin of 1916," said the president. "We can see that in many respects we have not fully achieved the dreams and ideals for which our forebears gave so much. A democracy is always and must always be a work in progress, and how we use the independence we have been gifted will continue to challenge us, morally and ethically." Further commemorations are planned to remember all the victims throughout the month. Al Jazeera spoke to some key figures in Irish society about the significance of these events for Ireland today. Michael D Higgins, president of Ireland Michael D Higgins, president of Ireland [Barbara McCarthy/Al Jazeera] Michael D Higgins was elected to the Irish presidency in 2011. He is the ninth president of Ireland, an author, poet, politician and sociologist who has been heavily involved in the 1916 commemorations. "No matter what way you view it, 1916 is a major foundational event in terms of the Irish state, as it has emerged. "Nineteen sixteen always played an important role in my life. For the 75th anniversary, I participated as a poet in an event called 'The Flaming Door', which was ran by poets and took place at the GPO featuring around 100 readings. Later that day in Kilmainham gaol, where 15 leaders had been executed in 1916, there was a concert to honour those victims. It was an event not organised by the state, but by the cultural community. For me, 1916 is much easier to deal with than the civil war, which took place in Ireland between 1922 and 1923. "After 1916, some families had members who died in the Somme and others who died in Dublin. Then in the civil war, these families were divided again, as was mine. It did terrible damage. When civil wars happen as a result of legacies of empires, people do unto each other what they had done unto them." Paddy Cullivan, satirist, writer and musician Paddy Cullivan, satirist, writer and musician [Barbara McCarthy/Al Jazeera] Paddy Cullivan is a celebrated Irish entertainer who created an audiovisual spectacle for the 100th anniversary of the Easter Rising called 'The Ten Dark Secrets of 1916,' which he will perform in locations across Ireland from on April 24 onwards. "I chose the actual date of the Easter Rising to kick-start the performances, which will involve imagery, historical references and lots of music and song because that's when it actually happened, rather than some lunisolar calendar event. "What I find most interesting about the Rising commemorations is that we don't even have a government in place this week, because no one got a majority vote in the recent elections. In my show, I will be drawing out fundamental changes that need to happen in Ireland." Aoibheann McCann, actress Aoibheann McCann, actress [Barbara McCarthy/Al Jazeera] Aoibheann McCann is an Irish actress, who is currently starring as suffragette and activist Maria Winifred Carney in a film, which is part of the GPO Witness History exhibition, a flagship visitor attraction at	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,036	The dance known as the lambada originates from which country?	BZA Dance School - History of zoukdance History of Zouk Dance Brazilian Zouk Brazilian zouk has it's origin in the Brazilian dance lambada. In the 80's lambada became popular through a hit of the music group Kaoma. Kaoma was not only known for their music but also for their lambada-dancers. Lambada is a very sensual dance that was danced on the beach by girls in short skirts and topless guys. After being popular for a short period lambada soon became disreputable and was called ‘the forbidden dance’. For that reason the lambada wave found an end in the middle of the 90's and the music faded away quite abrupt. However, Lambada dancers continued dancing the lambada to other music, such as the Caribbean music styles zouk béton or zouk-love . The fast "zouk béton" was very suitable to dance the lambada on and lambada dancers form that time started to call the dance zouk to avoid the connection to the lambada. In Porto Seguro, Gilson Damasco was one of the first lambada dancers who started to call the dance zouk. He was a key figure in the development of the lamba-zouk style in Brazil. In Rio de Janairo, Adilio Porto and Renata Pecanha worked on re-establishing a good reputation of the lambada and started to call the dance zouk too. The use of the slower zouk-love music made the difference to the lambada more distinct and soon a new, more sensual and fluent dance style, emerged. Through the years, people have started dancing Brazilian zouk to more popular music with a zouk beat whereby the connection to the Caribbean zouk music gradually faded away. The first zouk congress was organized in Rio de Janeiro in 1997. The congress was, above all, a place for zouk teachers to share their knowledge and to build a network between dancers from different countries. Also ballet, jazz dance and modern dance influenced the Brazilian zouk. Mainly because a lot of professional dancers started dancing zouk and brought in their knowledge from other dance styles. Watching zouk, one can see very fluent movements, swaying the hair, waving the upper bodies and stepping softly on the zouk beat. The head/hair movements and the cambrés are very characteristic movements for Brazilian zouk. A difference to other partner dances is, that the leader not only leads with the hands, but uses his whole body by shifting weight or changing pressure to indicate movements. The steps can be put in the music differently depending on the zouk style one dances. While refining the technique and spreading Brazilian zouk over more and more parts of the world the differences between zouk styles got more notable. After 2003 a variety of names were used for Brazilian zouk such as zouklambada, lambazouk, or the short zouk. We, as Brazilian zouk dancers, should be aware that the zouk music originates from the French Caribbean and that there is a Caribbean dance style that is called zouk too. Therefore, to prevent conflicts, it is better to use the term “Brazilian zouk” or “Zouk-Lambada” rather than simply zouk when referring to the Brazilian dance. In teh recently published book “LambaZouk the Technique Book” by Patricia Rezende & Claudia de Vries, “LambaZouk” is proposed as the official name for the Brazilian zouk dance. However, many people disagree with this term since it has been used a lot to refer to the more lambada associated zouk style from Porto-Seguro. Therefore, in our dance school we still use the term “Brazilian zouk” or “zouk-lambada”. Different zouk styles The two most important zouk styles are the Rio style and the Porto Seguro style. The Rio style has its origins in Rio de Janeiro. In this style elements of jazz dance and ballet are being integrated and acrobatic movements are characteristic. The Rio style was developed already in 1989 and the name Brazilian zouk emerged from this style. In the Netherlands the style is also known as zouklove and was introduced in the year 2000. The Rio style is danced besides on zouk music also on R&B, Pop or music with Arabian influence. The Porto Seguro style is just as widespread as the Rio style. The Porto Seguro s	The social dances and their history LATIN Dances Rumba (circa 1914) Originally this dance was done for amusement on farms in Cuba. The music has a seductive charm and when danced correctly the Rumba is as smooth as the Fox Trot. It became a popular ballroom dance and was introduced to the U.S. in about 1914. It is in 4/4 time, using hesitations in weight shifts that create hips to sway side to side. The purpose of learning this dance is for rhythm. The word Rumba is a generic term, covering a variety of names (i.e., Son, Danzon, Guagira, Guaracha, Naningo), for a type of West Indian music or dancing. The exact meaning varies from island to island. There are two sources of the dances: one Spanish and the other African. Although the main growth was in Cuba, there were similar dance developments which took place in other Caribbean islands and in Latin America generally. The "rumba influence" came in the 16th century with the black slaves imported from Africa. The native Rumba folk dance is essentially a sex pantomime danced extremely fast with exaggerated hip movements and with a sensually aggressive attitude on the part of the man and a defensive attitude on the part of the woman. The music is played with a staccato beat in keeping with the vigorous expressive movements of the dancers. Accompanying instruments include the maracas, the claves, the marimbola, and the drums. As recently as the second world war, the "Son" was the popular dance of middle class Cuba. It is a modified slower and more refined version of the native Rumba. Still slower is the "Danzon", the dance of wealthy Cuban society. Very small steps are taken, with the women producing a very subtle tilting of the hips by alternately bending and straightening the knees. The American Rumba is a modified version of the "Son". The first serious attempt to introduce the rumba to the United States was by Lew Quinn and Joan Sawyer in 1913. Ten years later band leader Emil Coleman imported some rumba musicians and a pair of rumba dancers to New York. In 1925 Benito Collada opened the Club El Chico in Greenwich Village and found that New Yorkers did not know what Rumba was all about. Real interest in Latin music began about 1929. In the late 1920's, Xavier Cugat formed an orchestra that specialized in Latin American music. He opened at the Coconut Grove in Los Angeles and appeared in early sound movies such as "In Gay Madrid". Later in the 1930's, Cugat played at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York. By the end of the decade he was recognized as having the outstanding Latin orchestra of the day. In 1935, George Raft played the part of a suave dancer in the movie "Rumba", a rather superficial musical in which the hero finally won the heiress (Carol Lombard) through the mutual love of dancing. In Europe, the introduction of Latin American dancing (Rumba in particular) owed much to the enthusiasm and interpretive ability of Monsieur Pierre (London's leading teacher in this dance form). In the 1930's with his partner, Doris Lavelle, he demonstrated and popularized Latin American dancing in London. Pierre and Lavelle introduced the true "Cuban Rumba" which was finally established after much argument, as the official recognized version in 1955. Rumba is the spirit and soul of Latin American music and dance. The fascinating rhythms and bodily expressions make the Rumba one of the most popular ballroom dances. Tango (circa 1914) The history of the Tango can be traced back to the countyr-dance of the 17th century England. As each country learned to dance from their neighboring country they would take it back and make it their own. The chronology is as follows: 1650 Country Dance England 1900 Habanera del Cafe 1910 Tango Latin American Ballroom Tango is danced in 4/4 time. The purpose of learning this dance is for control. Tango history by Lori Heikkila. Tango (t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,037	Running from Exeter to Lincoln, which was the longest Roman road in Britain?	Roman roads in Britain Roman roads in Britain Wheeldale Roman Road, North York Moors When the Romans began their conquest of Celtic Britain in 43AD, they found a haphazard collection of roads and paths, most connecting local fields and hamlets, but also some longer distance trade routes (e.g. along the North Downs in Kent, and the Icknield Way along the Chilterns into Norfolk). The Roman administration, however, needed a better network of roads to connect its new towns and army posts and to speed the flow of both trade goods and troops. In building their network of roads the Romans mostly ignored the Celtic paths, partly because the Roman towns and forts were built on new sites away from the Celtic settlements. The most vital priority was the movement of troops and supplies from the channel ports of Richborough, Dover, and Lympne to the military centres at London, Colchester, and the front-line legionary forts. The first frontier was set up along a road extending from Exeter to Lincoln, running through Bath, Gloucester, and Leicester. This was known as the Fosse Way, the first great Roman road in Britain. The Fosse Way has been largely adapted by modern highways. The next military push established a new frontier between Lincoln and York, Wroxeter and Chester, and Gloucester and Caerleon. After these "front-line" roads had been established. The Romans turned their attention to expanding the network of minor roads within their new possessions, to better aid the flow of trade. By 82AD the Romans had pushed north as far as a line between the Clyde and the Firth of Forth. During this campaign alone the army built over 60 forts and over 1200 miles of roads. The imperial posting service, used by Roman officials, maintained inns and relays of horses at intervals of 30 to 50 kilometres along the roads. The minor roads (sometimes called "economic roads") were also built by the Roman army to link economic centres, such as the Mendip lead mines and the Nene potteries, with administrative capitals like Silchester, and the coastal ports. At a best guess there were between 8000-10,000 miles of roads constructed during the first hundred years of Roman occupation. There was a third level of roads at the local level, connecting villas, temples, farms, and villages to larger roads and market towns. The full extent of this road building is apparent when you consider that according estimates by historians, no village or farm was more than 7 miles from a purpose-built road! It is a fallacy to think that Roman roads are always straight. The Roman engineers were no fools - if there was a natural obstacle in the way, the road naturally deviated to go around it. That said, for the most part Roman roads were laid out in straight lines between sighting landmarks. Small hills were cut through, and wet ground covered by causeways, or timber embankments. So, how did the Romans build these famous roads of theirs? The roads were literally highways, raised up on a cambered bank of material dug from roadside ditches. In general there were 3 layers. The first layer of large stones was covered by a second layer of smaller stones, then a top layer of gravel or small stones. Each layer varied in depth from 2-12 inches. Cross-section of a Roman road showing the layering technique and outer dirches The choice of material depended upon what was locally available; in the chalk areas like the Wessex Downs a mix of chalk, flint, and gravel was used. The paved area was edged with upright stones to provide stability, and the major roads had ditches to each side, about 84 feet apart. Tracing the course of Roman roads can be a fun activity. Large scale maps help, as does the excellent Ordnance Survey map of Roman Britain. Almost any straight stretch of road is a candidate, and often the roads follow parish boundaries or hedges. The best unaltered examples of Roman roads in Britain today exist at Wheeldale Moor (North Yorkshire), Holtye (Sussex), and Blackstone Edge (near Littleborough, Greater Manchester). A clue to the existence of former Roman roads is the prefix "st	Roman Sites and Roman Remains in Britain Aldborough Roman Site, Yorkshire Urban Centre Once the capital of a Romanised tribe of native Britons, visitors today can still see two beautiful Roman mosaics as well as the remains of the town wall and a museum exploring the history of the town. Ambleside Roman Fort, Cumbria Roman Fort Dating back to the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, this fort was originally built for two purposes; to protect the Ravenglass to Brougham Roman Road as well as acting as a supply base for Hadrian's Wall to the north. Aesica Roman Fort Hadrian's Wall Fort Excavated in the late 19th century, Aesica is the ninth fort on Hadrian's Wall. A Roman bathhouse has also been discovered a short distance south of the fort. Agricola's Ditch Roman Road / Ditch This enormous earthwork follows the route of Hadrian's Wall from coast to coast, although its purpose has long been argued. It is now thought that Agricola's Ditch (also known as the Vallum) was built as a boundary for the militarised zone around Hadrian's Wall, i.e. so that the local civilians would keep their distance! Arbeia Roman Fort, Northumberland Hadrian's Wall Fort Once a maritime supply fort for Hadrian's Wall, today Arbeias barracks and gatehouse have been reconstructed and a museum set up to showcase the history of the site. Ardotalia, Derbyshire Roman Fort This unexcavated fort could have once housed up to 1000 troops and until the late 18th century, the stone remains could still be seen. Unfortunately the remains of the fort now lie underground although it is still possible to make out the ramparts. Beckfoot (Bibra) Fort, Cumbria Roman Villa Although the mighty Hadrian's Wall stood as the main defensive feature protecting the northern extent of the Roman Empire in Britain, the coastline close to the Scottish border was still exposed to attack. To plug this gap in their defences, the Romans built a series of milefortlets extending down the Cumbrian coast from Hadrian's Wall, linked by a road rather than a wall. Although many of these defences have now been lost, one of the major forts was located at Beckfort. Now just a series of crop marks, the fort was manned by the Romans until around AD 407 and was once home to the Cohors II Pannoniorum, a 500-strong infantry unit from the province of Pannonia, now a region of the Czech Republic. Excavated in 1879, evidence of a civilian settlement, or vicus, was also uncovered. Bignor Roman Villa, Sussex Roman Villa Boasting some of the most complete Roman mosaics in the country, Bignor Roman Villa was discovered in 1811 by a local farmer and has been a popular visitor attraction ever since. The villa dates from around 200AD and was demolished or burnt down around 200 years later. Birdoswald Roman Fort, Cumbria Hadrian's Wall Fort This well preserved fort on Hadrian's Wall was built around 110AD and included barracks, granaries, officers mess and even an exercise building (i.e. a Roman gym). There is also a visitor centre which includes displays and artifacts from the fort, and rumour has it that the tea rooms here are also very good! Binchester Roman Fort, County Durham Roman Fort This large Roman fort was established around AD80 as a defensive measure for the newly built Dere Street. There is still a wonderfully preserved stretch of Roman road at the site, as well as remains of a bath house with underfloor heating. Brading Roman Villa, Isle of Wight Roman Villa This large Roman villa and courtyard was built in the 1st century AD and despite frequent Anglo-Saxon raids and the occasional fire, remained in use until the 4th century AD. Today all of the 12 ground floor rooms can still be seen, including a fabulous mosaic in the main entertaining room. Bremenium, Northumberland Roman Fort Bremenium was once an extremely well defended Dere Street fort complete with artillery defences. Remains of catapult emplacements have been found, once used by the Romans to fire boulders at marauders coming down Dere Street from the north. Bremetennacum, Lancashire Roman Baths This cavalry fort actual	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,038	In the classic movie 'The Wizard Of Oz', who appeared as the Wicked Witch of the West?	The Wicked Witch of the West (1939 film) \| Oz Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia The Wicked Witch of the West (1939 film) 2,002pages on The Wicked Witch of the West (1939 film) Profile Wicked Witch of the West Species The Wizard of Oz SHOCK of the Ruby Slippers! The Wicked Witch Of The West is the main antagonist of the (1939) Film The Wizard Of Oz (1939) The Wizard Of Oz Her Kansas alter ego counterpart is the mean spirited town Mayor named Almira Gultch who tries to put protagonist Character Dorothy Gale's pet dog named Toto down for attacking her when Dorothy and him were walking home from the Kansas school House. File Img 20140621 054718 Jpg Thumb Almira Gultch Of Kansas History In both book and movie the Witch plays as the main antagonist in the story when Dorothy and Toto are in Oz. In the classic movie The Wizard of Oz , the Wicked Witch, played by actress Margaret Hamilton , was stooped, green-skinned, and dressed entirely in black. In many people's minds, this representation of The Wicked Witch has become an archetype for human Wickedness. And is one of the most memorable and iconic villains in movie history. Surrender Dorothy! While this relationship is not mentioned in Baum's books, in the movie, the Witch is the sister of the Wicked Witch of the East , who is killed when Dorothy arrives in Oz. The Witch asks aloud, "Who killed my sister?" (albeit with more calculation than sorrow). As a result, The Wicked Witch of the West's role is made more prominent as she seeks revenge against Dorothy for killing her sister. When Dorothy claims the death was an accident, the Witch of the West replies, "Well, my little pretty, I can cause accidents too." It is from this movie that popular culture gets the oft-quoted phrase, "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog too!" Her other motivation is to get the powerful Ruby Slippers (changed from the Silver Shoes of the book). She often, but not always, flies on a broomstick, and has a crystal ball through which she can see happenings elsewhere. Surrender Dorothy! When Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion are sent to kill her and bring her broomstick back, she captures Dorothy and tries to take her slippers, threatening to drown Toto if she doesn't give them to her. She is unable to take them while Dorothy is still alive, so locks her in a room for an hour to figure out the best way to kill her without damaging the slippers' power. Toto escapes and gets the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion, who get her out of the room, but the Wicked Witch and her guards chase them and corner them. In the movie, Dorothy's reasons for throwing the bucket of water are different; The Wicked Witch decides to kill everyone else before Dorothy, starting with the Scarecrow by setting him on fire. Dorothy throws a bucket of water to put out the fire, which is unwittingly thrown onto the Wicked Witch in the process, causing her to melt. The Wicked witch melting The Witch also has a counterpart in the Kansas world: a rich, grumpy single woman named Almira Gulch who seeks to have Dorothy's dog, Toto , put down. There is some ambiguity as to whether Gulch turns into the Wicked Witch of the East or of the West in the Tornado scene when Dorothy sees her transform in the window. However, it can be argued both ways. Appearances	The Wizard of Oz (1939) - Quotes - IMDb The Wizard of Oz (1939) Dorothy : How do you talk if you don't have a brain? Scarecrow : Well, some people without brains do an awful lot of talking don't they? Uncle Henry Gale : Well, howdy, Miss Gulch. Miss Gulch : [comes into the Gales' yard] I want to see you and your wife right away about Dorothy! Uncle Henry Gale : Dorothy? Well, what has Dorothy done? Miss Gulch : What she's done? I'm all but lame from the bite on my leg! Uncle Henry Gale : Oh, she bit her dog, eh? [Uncle Henry tries to shut the gate, but it hits her on the backside] Dorothy : [has just arrived in Oz, looking around and awed at the beauty and splendor] Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas any more. Dorothy : [after a pause] We must be over the rainbow! [a bubble appears in the sky and gets closer and closer. It finally lands, then turns into Glinda the Good Witch wearing a spectacular white dress and crown, holding a wand] Dorothy : [to Toto] Now I... I know we're not in Kansas! Share this: Facebook \| Twitter \| Permalink Hide options Auntie Em Gale : Almira Gulch, just because you own half the county doesn't mean that you have the power to run the rest of us. For twenty-three years, I've been dying to tell you what I thought of you! And now... well, being a Christian woman, I can't say it! Share this: Facebook \| Twitter \| Permalink Hide options Wizard of Oz : Why, anybody can have a brain. That's a very mediocre commodity. Every pusillanimous creature that crawls on the Earth or slinks through slimy seas has a brain. Back where I come from, we have universities, seats of great learning, where men go to become great thinkers. And when they come out, they think deep thoughts and with no more brains than you have. But they have one thing you haven't got: a diploma. Share this: Facebook \| Twitter \| Permalink Hide options [Dorothy watches the Wicked Witch melt] Wicked Witch of the West : You cursed brat! Look what you've done! I'm melting! melting! Oh, what a world! What a world! Who would have thought a good little girl like you could destroy my beautiful wickedness? Oooooh, look out! I'm going! Oooooh! Ooooooh! Wizard of Oz : As for you, my galvanized friend, you want a heart. You don't know how lucky you are not to have one. Hearts will never be practical until they can be made unbreakable. Tin Woodsman : But I still want one. Share this: Facebook \| Twitter \| Permalink Hide options Cowardly Lion : All right, I'll go in there for Dorothy. Wicked Witch or no Wicked Witch, guards or no guards, I'll tear them apart. I may not come out alive, but I'm going in there. There's only one thing I want you fellows to do. Scarecrow : I haven't got a brain... only straw. Dorothy : How can you talk if you haven't got a brain? Scarecrow : I don't know... But some people without brains do an awful lot of talking... don't they? Dorothy : Yes, I guess you're right. Dorothy : How about a hippopotamus? Cowardly Lion : Why, I'd thrash him from top to bottomus! Dorothy : Supposing you met an elephant? Cowardly Lion : I'd wrap him up in cellophane! Scarecrow : What if it were a brontosaurus? Cowardly Lion : I'd show him who was king of the forest! [the Flying Monkeys walking away, Tin Man and the Lion comes to him] Tin Woodsman : Well, what happened to you? Scarecrow : They tore my legs off and they threw it over there! Then, they took my chest off and they threw it over there! Tin Woodsman : Well, that's you all over. Cowardly Lion : They sure knocked the stuffings out of you, didn't they? Scarecrow : Don't stand there talking, put me together. We've got to find Dorothy. [the Tin Man and the Lion trying the fix the Scarecrow] Share this: Facebook \| Twitter \| Permalink Hide options [last lines] Dorothy : Oh, but anyway, Toto, we're home. Home! And this is my room, and you're all here. And I'm not gonna leave here ever, ever again, because I love you all, and - oh, Auntie Em - there's no place like home! Dorothy : Now which way do we go? Scarecrow : Pardon me, this way is a very nice way. Dorothy : Who said th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,039	Who was Bonnie Parker's partner in crime?	Bonnie Parker - Poetry & Biography of the Famous poet - All Poetry Bonnie Parker 1910-1934 One half of the infamous Bonnie and Clyde duo, Bonnie Parker assisted her partner, Clyde Barrow , in a nationwide crime spree that lasted from 1932 until their deaths in 1934. Already married to an imprisoned murderer, Bonnie met Clyde in West Dallas, Texas in January 1930. The pair combined to commit 13 murders, numerous kidnappings, and several burglaries and robberies. The FBI and other law enforcement agencies engaged in one of the largest manhunts the United States had seen up to that time, capturing national attention. With most of their accomplices already dead or captured, Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed and killed instantly by a posse of lawmen led by Texas Ranger	Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark Court and Spark Release date: January 17, 1974 Buy Music Album Notes Drums and percussion - John Guerin Bass - Max Bennett (on Trouble Child), Jim Hughart (on People's Parties and Free Man In Paris), Wilton Felder Chimes (on Court and Spark) - Milt Holland Woodwinds & reeds - Tom Scott Trumpet (on Twisted and Trouble Child) - Chuck Findley Piano - Joni Mitchell Electric Piano - Joe Sample Clavinet (on Down To You) - Joni Mitchell Background voices - Joni Mitchell, David Crosby and Graham Nash (on Free Man In Paris), Susan Webb and David Crosby (on Down To You), Cheech and Chong (on Twisted) Electric Guitar - Wayne Perkins (on Car On A Hill), Dennis Budimir (on Trouble Child); Robbie Robertson (on Raised on Robbery), Jose Feliciano and Larry Carlton (on Free Man in Paris), Larry Carlton on all others Joe Sample appears courtesy of The Crusaders and Chisa/Blue Thumb Records Inc. Larry Carlton appears courtesy of Chisa/Blue Thumb Records Inc. Jose Feliciano appears courtesy of RCA Records Cheech & Chong appear courtesy of Ode Records Robbie Robertson appears courtesy of Capitol Records. The strings on the 'Same Situation' were arranged by Tom Scott; 'Down To You" arranged by Joni Mitchell and Tom Scott; 'Car On A Hill' arranged by Joni Mitchell Sound Engineer - Henry Lewy Mastering Engineer - Bernie Grundman All songs composed by Joni Mitchell, © 1973 Crazy Crow Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Except 'Twisted,' written by Ross and Grey, © 1965 Prestige Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission Art Direction / Design - Anthony Hudson Photography - Norman Seeff Cover Painting - Joni Mitchell © 1974 Asylum Records. Mfg. by Elektra / Asylum / Nonesuch Records, a division of Warner Communications Inc., 15 Columbus Circle, New York, N.Y. 10023. Printed USA	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,040	Who was the team principal of the Renault Fl team who resigned following the 'Crashgate scandal' in 2009?	"Renault Consider Future after Crashgate Scandal" - The Evening Standard (London, England), September 22, 2009 \| Online Research Library: Questia Article excerpt Byline: Matt Majendie Sports Correspondents RENAULT will make a decision in the next few days over their future in Formula One in the wake of yesterday's FIA ruling. The team were handed a two-year suspended sentence after opting not to contest charges of race fixing at last year's Singapore Grand Prix. Renault F team president Bernard Rey continually dodged questions over the manufacturer's future in the sport following the decision in Paris but, in a statement, the team said they would "issue further information in the next few days". Speculation has been mounting that they could walk away from the sport, but ex-F driver Martin Brundle, who drove for the team in their former guise as Benetton in , said he was confident they would still be on the grid next season. The BBC pundit said: "Hopefully Renault will stay in the sport -- they need to. Renault will actually feel slightly relieved as a suspended twoyear ban means nothing for them. They're very powerful in the world of motorsport and we don't need them leaving F1." The more likely outcome is that the French manufacturer will name a new team principal to take over from Flavio Briatore, who had resigned from his post last week and has now been banned from F indefinitely. Four-time world champion Alain Prost, who drove for Renault from , is the current favourite to take over the post in his native France although insists he has yet to open formal talks with the team. Describing the possibility of rejoining the team as an "honour", he dismissed reports linking him to the post as "rumours" and said that "no one from Renault had been in contact". Other figures being touted to take over from Briatore include Olivier Quesnel, the man behind Sebastien Loeb's dominance in the World Rally Championship, and ex-F bosses David Richards, who brought current world championship leader Jenson Button to BAR, and Craig Pollock. … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details	Fernando Alonso Fernando Alonso Next Previous Enlarge 1 / 13 Fernando Alonso (ESP) Ferrari celebrates in parc ferme. Formula One World Championship, Rd5, Spanish Grand Prix, Race Day, Barcelona, Spain, Sunday, 12 May 2013 © Sutton Motorsport Images Fernando Alonso (ESP) World Karting Championship, Margutti, Parma, Italy March 1997. Second place finisher Lewis Hamilton (GBR) Mclaren and race winner Fernando Alonso (ESP) McLaren celebrate with the champagne. Formula One World Championship, Rd 5, Monaco Grand Prix, Race, Monte-Carlo, Monaco, Sunday 27 May 2007. © Sutton Motorsport Images BEST IMAGE Race winner Fernando Alonso (ESP) Ferrari F10 in parc ferme. Formula One World Championship, Rd 1, Bahrain Grand Prix, Race, Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir, Bahrain, Sunday 14 March 2010. © Sutton Motorsport Images Fernando Alonso's promising season culminated with his first F3000 win International F3000 Championship - Spa, Belgium, 26 August 2000 Fernando Alonso (ESP) took victory in both of the races. Open Fortuna Championship, Donington Park, 5 September 1999. Fernando Alonso(ESP) European Minardi PS01 Canadian Grand Prix Qualifying, Montreal 9 June 2001 DIGITAL IMAGE Fernando Alonso (ESP) Renault R23B crosses the line to win his first GP. Formula One World Championship, Rd13, Hungarian Grand Prix, Race Day, Hungaroring, Hungary, 24 August 2003. DIGITAL IMAGE The Renault team celebrates Fernando Alonso (ESP) becoming World Champion. Formula One World Championship, Rd17, Brazilian Grand Prix, Race, Interlagos, Brazil, 25 September 2005. DIGITAL IMAGE BEST IMAGE Race winner Fernando Alonso (ESP) McLaren Mercedes MP4/22 celebrates. Formula One World Championship, Rd 13, Italian Grand Prix, Race, Monza, Italy, Sunday 9 September 2007. BEST IMAGE Race winner Fernando Alonso (ESP) Renault celebrates victory with the team. Formula One World Championship, Rd16, Japanese Grand Prix, Race Day, Fuji Speedway, Japan, Sunday 12 October 2008. Race winner Fernando Alonso (ESP) Ferrari celebrates on the podium. Formula One World Championship, Rd 17, Korean Grand Prix, Race, Korea International Circuit, Yeongam, South Korea, Sunday 24 October 2010. BEST IMAGE Race winner Fernando Alonso (ESP) Ferrari F138 crosses the line. Formula One World Championship, Rd3, Chinese Grand Prix, Race Day, Shanghai, China, Sunday 14 April 2013. BEST IMAGE	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,041	Poached eggs on muffins with hollandaise sauce, and ham or bacon are popularly called 'eggs (What?)'?	How to Make Eggs Benedict Egg Recipes for Breakfast How to Make Eggs Benedict Eggs Benedict, a showy restaurant favorite, is also a luscious brunch entree to make at home. We'll show you how to make the classic version and a few shortcuts, too. Oops, we're sorry. Something went wrong. Please try again later. Oops, we're sorry. Something went wrong. Please try again later. Share your take on this idea! Upload your photo here. CLOSE What Is Eggs Benedict? The standard recipe calls for English muffins topped with Canadian bacon or sliced ham, poached eggs, and hollandaise sauce, which is a rich sauce made from eggs, butter, and lemon juice. Legend has it that it originated in Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City. Apparently Mr. and Mrs. LeGrand Benedict complained that there was nothing new on the lunch menu, so the maitre d' and Mrs. Benedict collaborated and came up with what is now known as Eggs Benedict. How to Make Eggs Benedict Here is what you will need for 4 servings of the classic version: 4 poached eggs 1 recipe Hollandaise Sauce or Mock Hollandaise Sauce (see below) 2 English muffins, split (half of a muffin per serving) 4 slices Canadian-style bacon Paprika (optional) 1. Prepare Poached Eggs Poach the eggs in a pan of water. Click here for step-by-step instructions on cooking poached eggs . Or use an electric egg poacher, following manufacturer's instructions. Step 2. Make the Hollandaise Sauce The classic sauce for Eggs Benedict is Hollandaise Sauce . You will need a double boiler to keep the eggs from curdling during preparation. For a foolproof sauce that is a bit simpler but still tasty, try Mock Hollandaise Sauce . 3. Broil the Muffins & Canadian Bacon Preheat the broiler. Place muffin halves, cut sides up, on a baking sheet . Broil 3 to 4 inches from the heat about 2 minutes or until toasted. Top each muffin half with a slice of Canadian-style bacon; broil about 1 minute more or until meat is heated through. 4. Assemble the Eggs Benedict. To serve, place each bacon-topped muffin half on a plate and top with a poached egg. Spoon Hollandaise Sauce over each egg. If desired, sprinkle with paprika to add a little color. Make-Ahead Tip: Prepare the eggs and toast the English muffins as above. Place muffin halves in a greased 8x8x2-inch baking pan . Top each muffin half with a slice of Canadian-style bacon and 1 cooked egg. Cover and chill for up to 24 hours. To serve, prepare Hollandaise Sauce; spoon hot sauce over eggs. Bake, covered, in a 350 degrees F oven about 30 minutes or until heated through. Salmon Benedict Variation: Prepare as above, except spread 1 tablespoon softened tub-style cream cheese with herbs on each toasted English muffin half and substitute 4 ounces thinly sliced smoked salmon (lox-style) for the Canadian-style bacon. If desired, stir 1 tablespoon drained capers and 1/2 teaspoon dried dill weed into the Hollandaise Sauce. Do not use the paprika. Mushrooms Benedict Variation: This is a meatless option. Select 4 portobello mushrooms with 3-1/2- to 4-inch caps and remove stems. Prepare Eggs Benedict as above, except before cooking eggs, cook the mushroom caps in 1 tablespoon hot olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until mushrooms are tender, about 6 minutes, turning once. Remove from pan and pat mushrooms with a paper towel to soak up excess liquid. Slice mushrooms. Sprinkle lightly with salt and ground black pepper; cover with foil to keep warm. Continue as directed, using the mushroom slices instead of the Canadian-style bacon. Sprinkle each with finely chopped seeded tomato instead of the paprika. Eggs Benedict Recipes to Try:	EGG FOO YUNG \| Vahrehvah article Mail Every thing about EGG FOO YUNG \| Vahrehvah : Egg Foo Yung also spelled as egg foo yong or egg fu yung or egg foo young is an excellent omelette dish found in British and American Chinese cuisine. The name of this dish comes from the Cantonese language and is associated with Tiki culture. Egg foo yung is derived from Fu Yung Egg Slices an authentic Chinese recipe from Shanghai. This dish is prepared with beaten eggs and minced ham. From these dishes, Chinese chefs in the United States, at least as early as the 1930s, created a pancake filled with eggs, vegetables , and meat or seafood. In the United States this dish usually appears as a well folded omelette with the non-egg ingredients embedded in the egg mixture covered in or served with sauce or gravy. It is a easy take away dish. In Britain the dish more closely resembles lightly browned scrambled egg and is never served with a sauce. It may be made with various vegetables such as bean sprouts, celery, and water chestnuts . When meat is used as an ingredient, a choice of roast pork, shrimp, chicken , beef, or lobster may be offered. In United States there are other regional variations of serving this dish commonly called as St. Paul sandwich which is an egg foo young patty served with mayonnaise, dill pickle, and sometimes lettuce and tomato between two slices of white bread. In Indonesian Chinese cuisine it is well known as Fu Yung Hai while the Trung Hap, Vietnamese dish is similar to Egg foo young. Certain incarnations of the Korean-Chinese dish Jjajang bokkeumbap are similar; in essence the dish consists of jjajang (a dark brown, black bean and meat sauce) and fried rice , with an optional fried egg or egg-foo-young-like omelet atop the rice. In Malay cuisine, it is similar to "Telur Bungkus," which literally means "wrapped egg" (the wrap usually contains chicken or beef, onions , mushrooms, vegetables , and gravy, wrapped inside the egg). American Chinese cuisine refers to the style of food served by many Chinese restaurants in the United States. This type of cooking typically caters to Western tastes, and differs significantly from the original Chinese cuisine. American Chinese food typically treats vegetables as garnish while cuisines of China emphasize vegetables . This can be seen in the use of carrots and tomatoes . Native Chinese cuisine makes frequent use of Asian leafy vegetables like bok choy and kai-lan and puts a greater emphasis on fresh meat and seafood. As a result, American Chinese food is usually less pungent than authentic cuisine. For preparing this delicious Egg Foo Yung, firstly beat eggs well with water and soy sauce . Stir in bean sprouts, mushrooms , green onions and mix well. Spray an 8 inch (20cm) non-stick skillet with cooking spray. Heat the skillet over medium heat. Pour in one third of egg mixture. As mixture sets as the edges, with spatula gently lift the cooked portion to allow the uncooked egg to flow underneath. Cook until bottom is set and top is almost set. Slide onto a plate. Invert back into skillet and cook completely for about 1 minute. Slide onto a warm plate. Repeat procedure to make 2 more omelettes stacking them. Cut into wedges and serve with warm Oriental Sauce. Do try this delicious and yummy recipe. The kids would really enjoy the taste and relish it with delight. Click on the link for the detailed recipe: https://www.vahrehvah.com/egg-foo-yung-recipe	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,042	What will be the first city to host the summer and winter Olympics, after being chosen to stage the 2022 Winter Games?	Winter Olympics 2022: Beijing chosen to stage Games - CNN.com Winter Olympics 2022: Beijing chosen to stage Games Ingrid Piper, for CNN Updated 1409 GMT (2209 HKT) July 31, 2015 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. JUST WATCHED India's female athlete with a voice (CNN) Beijing is set to become the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics after it was chosen to stage the 2022 Winter Games. International Olympic President Thomas Bach confirmed Beijing, which hosted the Summer Games in 2008, had been chosen ahead of Almaty in Kazakshtan at the 128th IOC session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Friday. Follow @cnnsport "I am so excited. This is China's pride," Zhang Hong, China's women's 1,000m speed skating gold medal winner at the Sochi Games, told CCTV. Only Beijing and Almaty had been left in the running after Oslo, Munich and Stockholm bowed to public pressure and decided not to pursue plans to host the winter sports showpiece. David vs Goliath? Read More Had Kazakhstan's pitch been successful it would have become the first central Asian nation to host the Winter Olympics. With significant oil and gas reserves, it is now the largest economy in Central Asia and had been keen to use this event to increase investment, development and raise its profile. Proven track record But Beijing has already proved its worth as a successful Olympic host, having hosted the summer version of the games in 2008. Its pitch was about being a safe choice and a top tourism destination with the infrastructure to handle large events. Becoming the first city to run both Olympic games could be tempting PR for the IOC. video: #Beijing beats Almaty of Kazakhstan to win the bids for the 2022 #Olympic Winter Games. https://t.co/uQhorovfVy — China Xinhua News (@XHNews) July 31, 2015 Adding to Beijing's bid is the city's proven ability to control smog during the 2008 Summer Olympics. Beijing plans to stage ice events, while snow-based competitions would take place in Zhangjiakou in Heibei Province, 190 km northwest of the city. Only this week Chinese officials re-iterated that pollution would not be a problem. China's Vice Premier Liu Yandong delivers a speech during Beijing's 2022 Olympic Winter Games bid presentation at the 128th IOC session on July 31, 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Xu Jicheng, deputy director of Beijing 2022's press and communications department, said that "technically the pollution has been reduced and controlled, we have seven more years to go and it will be sunshine and white clouds." Lack of choice With only two cities -- both run by what could be considered authoritarian regimes -- bidding for the prestige of hosting the 2022 Winter Olympics the question arises as to whether the games -- and specifically the winter games -- have lost their allure. High costs and dubious returns have arguably made democratic countries -- where politicians are forced to listen to their voting public and answerable to budget blowouts -- wary of hosting the world's biggest sporting events. Liu Yandong, head of the Beijing 2022 Delegation, waves after placing her city's bid for 2022. Kazakhstan's Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and President of the National Olympic Committee are pictured with bid committee members presenting their bid. Over the past two years, cities in Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine have all backed away from proposals to host the Winter Olympics. Oslo's decision not to continue was taken for both financial and political reasons, the Norwegian Olympic Committee Secretary General, Inge Anderson told CNN last October. Where once the promise of a boost to tourism and better national sporting facilities would suffice, it seems many countries are heeding the lessons learned from the debt experienced by Greece from the $11 billion bill for 2004 Athens Summer Olympics. More recently, there's the estimated $50 billion price tag for the last Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. Human Rights IOC President Thomas Bach has stressed that the Olympic Charter	Olympic Games: Years and Location Olympic Games: Years and Location 1896 Lake Placid, United States (W) 1932 Los Angeles, United States (S) 1936 Squaw Valley, United States (W) 1960 Lake Placid, United States (W) 1980 Los Angeles, United States (S) 1988 Salt Lake City, United States (W) 2004 2010 Vancouver, Canada (W) (W)—Site of Winter Games. (S)—Site of Summer Games. The nine cities bidding for the 2012 Olympic Summer Games are: Paris, London, Moscow, Madrid, New York, Istanbul, Leipzig, Rio de Janeiro and Havana. The IOC will select the host city for the 2012 games on July 6, 2005.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,043	Who played Tarzan in films the most times	Tarzans through Time Tarzans through Time A Brief History of Former Ape Men by Beth Rowen Johnny Weissmuller , perhaps the silver screen's most famous Tarzan, sweeps Jane ( Maureen O'Sullivan ) off her feet. While nearly 20 beefcake actors have shed their clothes and donned loincloths to play Tarzan , none have displayed the swinging finesse, physical perfection, or animalistic qualities of the most recent ape man, Disney's animated King of Swing. Weissmuller: Archetypal Ape Man While 1999's Tarzan, voiced by Tony Goldwyn, may be the most buff and fully realized character, he is not the most memorable. Five-time Olympic gold-medalist swimmer Johnny Weissmuller remains the archetypal Tarzan. Weissmuller portrayed the Lord of the Jungle in 12 films, beginning with Tarzan, the Ape Man in 1932. MGM's most memorable Tarzan movies featured those pairing Weissmuller and Maureen O'Sullivan as Jane. They appeared in six films together in the 1930s and early '40s. The most famous of these outings is probably 1934's Tarzan and His Mate, in which Tarzan and Jane do a nude underwater dance. This controversial film marked the last Tarzan film geared for an adult audience. The subsequent installments in the Tarzan series became family fare, subject to the motion-picture industry's newly established censorship code. The films of this era were the most faithful to Edgar Rice Burroughs' stories and boasted consistently high production values. Couch Potato Tarzan? Weissmuller was not the first actor to play Tarzan. In fact, the series began in 1918, with poorly cast, overweight Elmo Lincoln playing the lead in the silent Tarzan of the Apes. Enid Markey played Jane. Lincoln killed an actual lion in the film (remember, this was 1918, before the animal rights movement was born). He later appeared in two other Tarzan films, The Romance of Tarzan (1918) and The Adventures of Tarzan (1921). Olympic Arenas to TV Jungles The role of Tarzan called for strength and physical stamina, which is why several Olympic and professional athletes were hired to play the part. Gold-medalist swimmer Buster Crabbe , best known for his portrayal of Flash Gordon, took over for Weissmuller and appeared in the little-seen Tarzan the Fearless (1933). He was followed by Olympian Herman Brix, who starred in The New Adventures of Tarzan (1935) and Tarzan and the Green Goddess (1938). Two Olympic athletes headed the cast in the low-budget Tarzan's Revenge, decathlete Glenn Morris and backstroker/party girl Eleanor Holm . While neither had much acting talent, they looked fabulous in their loincloths. UCLA basketball star Denny Miller played the title character in 1959's Tarzan, the Ape Man. Los Angeles Rams linebacker Mike Henry put his physique and movie-star looks to good use in three Tarzan films, including Tarzan and the Valley of Gold (1966) and Tarzan and the Great River (1967). Modern Ape Men Mike Henry passed the torch onto another former professional football player, Ron Ely. He only starred in two movies, 1970's Tarzan's Deadly Silence and Tarzan's Jungle Rebellion, but he did headline the NBC television series for two years, giving up the role after a series of injuries. The Tarzan series screeched to a halt in 1970, having deteriorated into contrived, kiddie fare. The 1980s saw two Tarzan films, the utterly forgettable Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981), starring Miles O'Keefe and Bo Derek, and the inspired Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984), starring Christopher Lambert and Andie MacDowell . A Disney-fied Approach In bringing Edgar Rice Burroughs ' Lord of the Jungle to the big screen (there have been no fewer than 45 full-length Tarzan films), Disney had to come up with an attraction that would lure kids and their parents into theaters. The directors of Tarzan , Chris Buck and Kevin Lima, spent countless hours watching videos of skateboarding guru Tony Hawk in an attempt to create a character that would appeal to kids. Their efforts paid off; Tarzan not only swings, he deftly surfs the lush vegetation of the African jungle as he seeks out his pl	1982 Academy Awards® Winners and History The Verdict (1982) Actor: BEN KINGSLEY in "Gandhi", Dustin Hoffman in "Tootsie", Jack Lemmon in "Missing", Paul Newman in "The Verdict", Peter O'Toole in "My Favorite Year" Actress: MERYL STREEP in "Sophie's Choice", Julie Andrews in Victor/Victoria", Jessica Lange in "Frances", Sissy Spacek in "Missing", Debra Winger in "An Officer and a Gentleman" Supporting Actor: LOUIS GOSSETT, JR. in "An Officer and a Gentleman", Charles Durning in "The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas", John Lithgow in "The World According to Garp", James Mason in "The Verdict", Robert Preston in "Victor/Victoria" Supporting Actress: JESSICA LANGE in "Tootsie", Glenn Close in "The World According to Garp", Teri Garr in "Tootsie", Kim Stanley in "Frances", Lesley Ann Warren in "Victor/Victoria" Director: RICHARD ATTENBOROUGH for "Gandhi", Sidney Lumet for "The Verdict", Wolfgang Petersen for "Das Boot", Sydney Pollack for "Tootsie", Steven Spielberg for "E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial" 1982 became known as the year with many cross-dressing, gender-reversed, transvestite performances and roles with confused sexual identities: Dustin Hoffman in Tootsie, Julie Andrews and Robert Preston in Victor/Victoria, and John Lithgow in The World According to Garp. It must be noted that these four acting nominees all lost their bids. And it was known as the year that one of the most successful contenders, the box-office blockbuster E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial , lost the top Oscar award. Many of the major awards among 1982 films were swept by director Sir Richard Attenborough's earnest, conventional three-hour long, costume epic biography/story of the life of the great, noble and venerable Indian leader, the Mahatma Gandhi (with eleven nominations and eight wins). It won the largest number of awards for any British film up to that time - although the film was financed by Columbia Studios. (The year before, the British film Chariots of Fire was also honored with many accolades - seven nominations and four wins.) The film's eight awards were for Best Actor (Ben Kingsley in a debut lead performance), Best Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Art/Set Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Costume Design - and director Attenborough won two Oscars - for Best Picture (as producer), and Best Director. Two of the Best Picture nominees might have won instead, since they were also very-accomplished films: director Steven Spielberg's extremely-popular and entertaining, block-buster science-fiction film E.T. - The Extra-Terrestrial (with nine nominations and four wins for technical achievements, for Best Sound, Original Score for John Williams - his fourth Oscar, Visual Effects, and Sound Effects Editing) Sydney Pollack's witty gender comedy Tootsie (with ten nominations and only one win, for Best Supporting Actress), the story of an out-of-work actor Michael Dorsey (Hoffman) whose female disguises help him get a job and become a female star on a daytime television soap opera. (Although the Academy awarded a Best Picture Oscar to Annie Hall (1977) five years earlier, a rare occurrence for a comedy, it was not likely to occur at such regular intervals.) The other two Best Picture contenders were: Greek	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,044	Where in Germany is Europe's largest Gothic church?	10 Gothic Cathedrals of Medieval Europe – Touropia Travel Experts Last updated on November 7, 2016 in World Religions 15 Comments Gothic cathedrals are not the religious building of the ancient Goths, but rather cathedrals built in the Gothic architecture. Just as Vandalism doesn’t have anything to do with the Vandals, Gothic architecture has nothing to do with the Goths. It’s a style of architecture that developed in France out of the Romanesque style in the 12th century and was simply known as the “French Style”. Gothic architecture spread to all of Western Europe and continued to evolve until well into the 16th century, before being subsumed into Renaissance art. Only then it was called “Gothic”, and not in a positive way as the Goths were considered rude and barbaric. The Gothic style emphasizes verticality and light. This appearance was achieved by the development of certain architectural features such as the clustered columns, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses. Although the architecture is used in many castles, palaces and town halls it is the magnificent Cathedrals of Europe that really demonstrate the beauty of Gothic architecture. 10St Stephen's Cathedral St Stephen’s Cathedral (Stephansdom), situated at the heart of Vienna , has survived many wars and is now a symbol of the city’s freedom. The Gothic cathedral stands on the ruins of two earlier churches and was largely initiated by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, in the 14th century. Its most recognizable characteristic, the diamond-patterned tile roof, was only added in 1952. 9Burgos Cathedral The Burgos Cathedral is a medieval cathedral in Burgos, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It is famous for its vast size and unique Gothic architecture. Construction of Burgos Cathedral began in 1221, and after a lengthy hiatus of almost 2 centuries, was completed in 1567. In 1919 the cathedral became the burial place of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (“El Cid”), and his wife Doña Jimena. 8Reims Cathedral Reims Cathedral was the church in which numerous French monarchs were officially crowned. It was built on the site of the basilica where Clovis was baptized by Saint Remi, bishop of Reims, in AD 496. The cathedral was completed by the end of the 13th century, with the west front added in the 14th century. 7Milan Cathedral flickr/ giovanni_novara An exceptionally large and elaborate Gothic cathedral on the main square of Milan , the Duomo di Milano is one of the most famous buildings in Europe. It is one of the largest Gothic cathedrals in the world. Construction began in 1386 under Archbishop Antonio da Saluzzo in a Late Gothic style more typically French than Italian. It took five centuries to complete the famous cathedral. 6Seville Cathedral wikipedia/ Ingo Mehling Built on the site of a grand Almohad Mosque, Seville’s medieval cathedral was built to demonstrate the city’s power and wealth after the Reconquista. At the time of its completion in the 16th century, it supplanted the Hagia Sophia as the largest cathedral in the world. It is still the largest Gothic cathedral and the third-largest church in the world. The builders used some columns and elements from the mosque, most famously the Giralda, a minaret converted into a bell tower. 5York Minster One of the two largest Gothic cathedrals in northern Europe (alongside Cologne Cathedral in Germany), York Minster dominates the skyline of the ancient city of York. York Minster incorporates all the major stages of Gothic architectural development in England. The present building was begun in about 1230 and completed in 1472. The “Great East Window” inside the cathedral is the largest expanse of medieval stained glass in the world. 4Notre Dame de Paris flickr/ MPD01605 Notre Dame de Paris is a beautiful Catholic cathedral in the fourth arrondissement of Paris . Begun in 1163 it was essentially complete by around 1345. One of the most famous French Gothic cathedrals, the Notre Dame a great example of French Gothic architecture, sculpture and stained glass. During the French Revolution in the 1790s, much of its sculptures and treasure	Six of the best: beautiful English cathedrals \| Daily Mail Online Six of the best: beautiful English cathedrals By Emily Payne, TravelMail Last updated at 17:31 03 October 2008 Lincoln Cathedral was used during the filming of the Da Vinci Code You don't need to travel to Venice, Paris or India to see breathtaking architecture – Britain's forefathers certainly had talent. The intricate nature of the nation's cathedrals means they are as jaw-droppingly beautiful now as when they were first built. So, as Salisbury Cathedral celebrates its 750th birthday, we pick out some other show-stoppers worthy of a visit. Salisbury Cathedral Its spectacular spire is the tallest medieval structure in Britain. Its beauty lured some of the greatest artists, including Turner, Constable and Whistler, to Wiltshire. And while most cathedrals took centuries to build Salisbury Cathedral was built in just 38 years - by a mere 300 men. The English Gothic structure is one of twenty cathedrals that were built after the Battle of Hastings in 1066 when William the Conqueror seized control of England and Wales. Cathedral construction was an emerging skill, and errors of judgement led to the collapse of the central towers at both Winchester and Lincoln. With foundations only four feet deep, Salisbury was lucky to escape a similar fate when the imposing spire was added. The spire now leans 69.85cm to the south and 44.44cm to the west. Enjoy spectacular views as you climb 332 steps of narrow spiral staircases to reach the summit. From here, gaze up through the medieval scaffold and from the outside look over the city and surrounding countryside. Salisbury Cathedral boasts Britain's tallest spire Europe's oldest working clock (AD1386), found in the north nave aisle, has 'ticked' more than 5 million times since it was first built. Admission: Free, but with a suggested donation of £3 Opening hours: 7:15am to 6:15pm daily, (7:15pm 09th June - 23rd August) with regular services every Sunday. More information: www.salisburycathedral.org.uk Lincoln Cathedral Lincoln Cathedral took on the role of Westminster Abbey during the filming of The Da Vinci Code after the Abbey refused to take part. Filming took place mainly within the cloisters and chapter house of the cathedral, and remained a closed set. Taller than the Egyptian Pyramids, the famous edifice is an imposing tribute to medieval British architecture. It has been through a series of building disasters and mishaps including a fire, an earthquake and a gale in its near 1000 years of existence. According to 14th century legend, two troublesome imps were sent by Satan to do evil work on Earth. An angel appeared at Lincoln Cathedral and ordered them to stop. One of the imps sat atop a stone pillar started throwing rocks at the angel whilst the other imp cowered under the broken tables and chairs. The angel turned the first imp to stone allowing the second imp to escape. The imp that turned to stone, the Lincoln Imp, can still be found, frozen in stone, sitting on a stone column in the Angel Choir. The cathedral offers tours of the main building, the tower and the roof. The peak of its season is the Lincoln Christmas Market, accompanied by an annual production of Handel's Messiah. Opening hours: summer weekdays 7.15am to 8.00pm, saturdays and sundays 7.15am to 6.00pm. Winter weekdays and saturdays 7.15am to 6.00pm, sundays 7.15 am to 5.00pm Admission: Adults £4.00, concessions £3.00, children 5 –16 £1.00, children under 5 Free More information: www.lincolncathedral.com Winchester Cathedral Winchester's centrepiece controlled a third of the country's wealth before Henry VIII stripped it of much of its land and privileges. The awesome building was the last resting place of Saint Swithun who lived in the 9th century. After his death, his bones were said to heal the sick and pilgrims flocked to the cathedral in their thousands. Winchester Cathedral is the resting place of Saint Swithun But events took their toll on the building. The Roundheads during the English Civil War smashed the West Window in the 1600s. The loc	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,045	The Mossbauer effect refers to which sort of radiation?	Radiation Basics \| Radiation Protection \| US EPA Radiation Protection Contact Us Radiation Basics Radiation is energy. It can come from unstable atoms that undergo radioactive decay , or it can be produced by machines. Radiation travels from its source in the form of energy waves or energized particles. There are two kinds of radiation: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has so much energy it can knock electrons out of atoms, a process known as ionization. Ionizing radiation can affect the atoms in living things, so it poses a health risk by damaging tissue and DNA in genes. Ionizing radiation comes from radioactive elements, cosmic particles from outer space and x-ray machines. Non-ionizing radiation has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons. Examples of this kind of radiation are radio waves, visible light, and microwaves. EPA’s mission in radiation protection is to protect human health and the environment from the ionizing radiation that comes from human use of radioactive elements. EPA does not regulate the non-ionizing radiation that is emitted by electrical devices such as radio transmitters or cell phones (See: Radiation Information from Other Agencies ). The energy of the radiation shown on the spectrum below increases from left to right as the frequency rises. Alpha Particles Alpha particles (α) are positively charged and made up of two protons and two neutrons from the atom’s nucleus. Alpha particles come from the decay of the heaviest radioactive elements, such as uranium , radium and polonium. Even though alpha particles are very energetic, they are so heavy that they use up their energy over short distances and are unable to travel very far from the atom. The health effect from exposure to alpha particles depends greatly on how a person is exposed. Alpha particles lack the energy to penetrate even the outer layer of skin, so exposure to the outside of the body is not a major concern. Inside the body, however, they can be very harmful. If alpha-emitters are inhaled, swallowed, or get into the body through a cut, the alpha particles can damage sensitive living tissue. The way these large, heavy particles cause damage makes them more dangerous than other types of radiation. The ionizations they cause are very close together - they can release all their energy in a few cells. This results in more severe damage to cells and DNA. Beta Particles Beta particles (β) are small, fast-moving particles with a negative electrical charge that are emitted from an atom’s nucleus during radioactive decay. These particles are emitted by certain unstable atoms such as hydrogen-3 ( tritium ), carbon-14 and strontium-90 . Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles, but are less damaging to living tissue and DNA because the ionizations they produce are more widely spaced. They travel farther in air than alpha particles, but can be stopped by a layer of clothing or by a thin layer of a substance such as aluminum. Some beta particles are capable of penetrating the skin and causing damage such as skin burns. However, as with alpha-emitters, beta-emitters are most hazardous when they are inhaled or swallowed. Gamma Rays Gamma rays (γ) are weightless packets of energy called photons. Unlike alpha and beta particles, which have both energy and mass, gamma rays are pure energy. Gamma rays are similar to visible light, but have much higher energy. Gamma rays are often emitted along with alpha or beta particles during radioactive decay. Gamma rays are a radiation hazard for the entire body. They can easily penetrate barriers that can stop alpha and beta particles, such as skin and clothing. Gamma rays have so much penetrating power that several inches of a dense material like lead, or even a few feet of concrete may be required to stop them. Gamma rays can pass completely through the human body; as they pass through, they can cause ionizations that damage tissue and DNA. X-Rays Because of their use in medicine, almost ever	Zahn Family Jeopardy Jeopardy Template The brand of underwear Marty McFly wears in Back to the Future 200 What is The Boston Tea Party This took place on Griffin's Wharf in America in 1773. 300 How many of the United States Supreme Court Justices are women? 300 Who is Lord Alfred Tennyson? He wrote the famous 1855 poem The Charge of the Light Brigade 300 What is Pi Math whiz Ferdinand von Lindemann determined this mathematical symbol to be a transcendental number in 1882. 300 Alfred Hitchcock used this to portray blood in the shower scene of Psycho 300 Who is Rosie the Riveter Norman Rockwell's illustration of this US iconic World War II heroine appeared on the cover of the Saturday Evening Post in May 1943 400 What is The Wounded Warrior Project? This charity for veterans has recently been under fire for blowing millions of dollars in donation money on spoils for its staff. 400 This famous 1818 novel had the sub-title 'The Modern Prometheus' 400 What is a conjunction? The part of speech that the word "but" plays in the following sentence: Sam wants to play Xbox, but he hasn't gotten his reading done yet. 400 The date of Harry Potter's birthday 400 Who is Spiro Agnew In October 1973, he resigned as Vice President of the US, and then pleaded no contest to the charges of income tax evasion in a federal court in Baltimore 500 Both Turkish and NATO radars detected a jet from this country violating Turkish airspace 500 He wrote the 1513 guide to leadership (titled in English) The Prince 500 Light reactions, and the Calvin cycle are the two stages of this. 500 The only non Jedi in the original Star Wars trilogy to use a lightsaber 500	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,046	Blood Wedding (1932) by Garcia Lorca was based on elements of a true story which happened when?	Federico Garcia Lorca / Blood Wedding / Cortijo del Fraile Cortijo del Fraile: True-Life Setting of a Crime of Passion The rural farmhouse with a bloody history that inspired Federico Garcia Lorca ’s seminal tragedy. Built by Dominican friars in the eighteenth century Cortijo del Fraile (the Friar’s Farmhouse) is a traditional Spanish farmhouse with a dark past. Situated in the Natural Park of Cabo de Gata-Nijar , the once grand estate is now a dilapidated collection of buildings and would probably not draw a second glance had it not been for a real-life story of betrayal and bloody revenge that occurred there in 1928. A young woman named Francisca Canada Morales lived on the farm with her father, and eloped with her cousin, Francisco Montes Canada hours before she was due to marry Casimiro, a labourer to whom she was not attracted. The tragic story unfolded a few yards away when the cousin, with whom Francesca had been in love since childhood was shot in the head by the prospective bridegroom’s brother. He had been laying in wait for them at a nearby crossroads. Francisca was severely beaten and left for dead, but survived the ambush. She lived the rest of her life as a recluse, never marrying, and died in 1987. Back to Top of Federico Garcia Lorca Blood Wedding During the 1920s and 30s poet, playwright and theatre director Federico Garcia Lorca enjoyed fame and widespread recognition throughout Spain and abroad. He followed the newspaper stories and kept cuttings about the murder, using the crime of passion as a source of inspiration for one of his most famous and most frequently performed plays. Bodas de Sangre or Wedding of Blood is a chilling and powerful modernist masterpiece that was written in 1932 and first performed in Madrid in 1933. The play is in three acts and the plot describes an arranged marriage between a young and beautiful bride and a shy and undistinguished groom. During the wedding reception the bride runs off with her true love, a handsome young man called Leonardo whom she had been attracted to since the age of 15, but who is now married. Francisca Cañada, Casimiro Pérez Pino, the groom The elopement is a source of dishonour and shame for both families and the runaways are hunted down. The pursuit ends in a knife fight between Leonardo and the groom and both are slain, leaving the contested bride covered in their blood. Although Lorca drew much from the real-life events near and around the Cortijo del Fraile he made numerous changes in his work. For example, according to newspaper reports of the murder, Francisca had a squint, a limp and prominent teeth, and Casimiro was a rather dull man. Lorca made the bride physically appealing and the groom shy, rather than unexciting. Back to Top of Federico Garcia Lorca Impressive Estate Cortijo del Fraile was originally the centre of a huge farm with olive trees and vines and would have probably managed a few smaller farms in the area as well. The estate is a typical large scale Andalusian livestock and agricultural farm. There are several buildings constructed around a central courtyard and include ovens, stables, piggeries and the chapel. During the Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizabal (1835-37) when a set of decrees resulted in the capture of monastic properties in Spain, the entire estate was divided and passed into the hands of numerous owners. But they eventually sold it to a bourgeois family. Such is the legend surrounding both the real-life events and Lorca’s play that the cortijo is sought out by people from all over the world. Not only do tourists beat a path to its door, but so do actors, playwrights, painters, producers and other creative types who all want to be inspired by this atmospheric and somewhat mysterious place. Back to Top of Federico Garcia Lorca Shabby and Rundown What greets them is a rather shabby, but no less fascinating cluster of ruined buildings. Following years of neglect and vandalism the buildings of this once grand farmstead are in a fragile way, the state of decay threatening to bring them crumbling down to the grou	Literature: Year In Review 2000 \| Britannica.com Literature: Year In Review 2000 Written By: Originally published in the Britannica Book of the Year. Presented as archival content. Overview Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent The brightest literary star of the year 2000 came out of South America, but flashes of incandescent brilliance appeared in other areas of the world as well. With La fiesta del chivo, Mario Vargas Llosa of Peru produced what many readers considered Latin America’s finest novel ever. Interweaving three separate narratives in a series of alternating chapters, Vargas Llosa chronicled the 31-year reign and ultimate demise of Dominican Republic dictator Rafael Trujillo and evoked the chaos and confusion that followed Trujillo’s 1961 assassination. Nobel Prize winner Derek Walcott of St. Lucia also took up a Caribbean theme in his book-length poem Tiepolo’s Hound. Walcott examined his own life and that of Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro. The volume’s dual narrative highlighted their shared experiences of exile and artistic achievement as well as the cultural influences of Europe and the West Indies, which created a certain division in each of them. Russian author Viktor Pelevin (see Biographies) led a banner year in Eastern European fiction with his wildly imaginative novel Buddha’s Little Finger, a hallucinatory recasting of the life of the legendary Bolshevik commander Vasily Chapayev as told by a time-traveling asylum inmate. Acclaimed Hungarian author György (“George”) Konrád brought out Stonedial, a striking work that combined elements of the intellectual teaser and whodunit with the more expansive tapestry of a historical novel covering the years from World War II through the early 1990s. Chinese novelist Mo Yan—famed for the scathing satire and historical sweep of such works as Red Sorghum (1993) and The Garlic Ballads (1995)—produced an even more stunning novel, the savage and hallucinatory farce The Republic of Wine. Following alarming reports of widespread corruption and infanticidal cannibalism in the province of Liquorland, Communist Party officials dispatch a special investigator to the scene, but he himself soon falls prey to debauchery and mental breakdown and fails to survive the province’s insidiously pervasive (and wildly funny) destructive tendencies. Connect with Britannica Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram Pinterest Sri Lankan-born Canadian writer Michael Ondaatje published Anil’s Ghost, a superb novel set in his native country during its vicious mid-1980s civil war. Though the politically tinged murder mystery that dominates the main plotline is never fully resolved, the novel succeeds beautifully in all other aspects. In the gripping novel In Search of Walid Masoud, Arab author Jabra Ibrahim Jabra tracked the disappearance of a Palestinian intellectual who had been a member of an organization engaged in the armed struggle against Israel. The author artfully used a lengthy but disconnected tape recording of jumbled utterances to compose a series of revealing monologues that together produced a penetrating study of both individual and national character. English United Kingdom. Although many critics complained that 2000 was a thin year for fiction, a number of literary debuts showed promise. The most remarkable one was that of Zadie Smith, whose White Teeth was a panoramic and germane tale addressing issues of ethnic and cultural hybridity in northwestern London. The novel, which sold robustly, was penned by Smith while she was a student at the University of Cambridge and was greeted enthusiastically for its ambitious scope and confident characterizations. Another promising newcomer was Jason Cowley. He was hyped on the cover of his Unknown Pleasures as a “cool, edgy new voice,” but The Literary Review, though praising his book for its feverish readability, found his style more old-fashioned, with “more than a hint” of Graham Greene. Meanwhile Kristin Kenway’s Precious Thing, an acerbic tale of a disillusioned anarchist in search of love, was compared to Martin Amis’s debut novel, Th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,047	Who said When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life?	When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life: Samuel Johnson The Samuel Johnson Sound Bite Page -> London -> When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life. "Why, Sir, you find no man, at all intellectual, who is willing to leave London. No, Sir, when a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford." — Samuel Johnson Boswell and Johnson were discussing whether or not Boswell's affection for London would wear thin should he choose to live there, as opposed to the zest he felt on his occasional visits. (Boswell lived in Scotland, and visited only periodically. Some people are surprised to learn that Boswell and Johnson were far from inseparable over the last twenty years of Johnson's life, the period Boswell knew him.) This discussion happened on September 20, 1777, and Johnson, someone who hated to spend time alone, was always going out and enjoying what London had to offer. For more of what Johnson had to say about London, click here . For more of what he had to say about city life, click here .	Map of The Absent-Minded Beggar - The Full Wiki Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: Kipling in his study in Naulakha ca. 1895 The Absent-Minded Beggar is an 1899 poem by Rudyard Kipling , famously set to music by Sir Arthur Sullivan . The song was written as part of an appeal by the Daily Mail to raise money for soldiers fighting in the South African War (sometimes known as the Boer War) and their families. The fund was the first such charitable effort for a war. The chorus of the song exhorted its audience to "pass the hat for your credit's sake, and pay— pay— pay!" The patriotic poem and song caused a sensation and was constantly performed throughout the war and beyond. Kipling was offered a knighthood shortly after publication of the poem but declined the honour. Vast numbers of copies of the poem and sheet music were published, and large quantities of merchandise were sold to aid the charity. The "Absent Minded Beggar Fund" raised a total of about £250,000. History In September 1899, it was clear that the crisis in South Africa was likely to turn into war. By 2 October, all military leave had been cancelled, and urgent preparations were under way to send a large expeditionary force to the Cape, with horses and supplies being requisitioned and mobilised. On 7 October, a proclamation was issued calling out the Army Reserve; of 65,000 liable men, around 25,000 were intended to be called up for service. Many, if not all, of the men thus mobilised were ex-soldiers in permanent employment; returning to military duty meant a significant cut in their income. In addition, there was no contemporary legislation of the time protecting the permanent employment of reservists; employers could – and often would – replace them with other workers with no guarantee that if the soldier returned he would be able to take back his job. As a result, a large number of families were quickly plunged into poverty – a lifestyle comfortably maintained on a workman's wage of twenty shillings could not be kept up on the infantryman's "shilling a day." As if this were not enough, there was no guarantee that the husband would have a job to return to, even without the prospect of injury or death. A number of charitable funds existed to support these individuals, most notably the Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association, but a number of private appeals were also made. Simultaneously, a wave of patriotism was sweeping the country, catered to by jingoist newspapers such as the Daily Mail . Many of these newspapers were also involved in the charitable fundraising efforts to benefit the reservists and their dependents. The Mail's proprietor, Alfred Harmsworth , hit upon the idea of commissioning Rudyard Kipling , the foremost popular poet of the day, to write a patriotic poem for the newspaper's charitable fund. Harmsworth, a pioneer motorist, visited Kipling at his home and took the poet for a ride in his new motor car. Kipling readily agreed to write the piece and produced "The Absent-Minded Beggar" on 16 October 1899. "A Gentleman in Kharki" illustration on a matchstriker Kipling's poem was first published in The Daily Mail on 31 October 1899. The poem was an immediate success. Maud Tree, the wife of actor-manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree , recited it at the Palace Theatre every night before the show for fourteen months, and other performers recited it at music halls and elsewhere. Artist Richard Caton Woodville provided an illustration, titled "A Gentleman in Kharki", showing a wounded but defiant British Tommy in battle. The country's premier composer, Sir Arthur Sullivan , was asked to set the poem to music. Sullivan had written some 20 operas, including fourteen comic operas with W. S. Gilbert , and a large volume of songs, orchestral pieces and other music. Although he was in the middle of composing his next opera, The Rose of Persia (which was to be his last completed opera), Sullivan agreed. Both Kipling and Sullivan declined proffered fees for creating the song. In 1897, Sullivan had agreed to compose music for Rudyard Kipl	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,048	Who plays Vic Reeves aka Jim Moir’s wife in the comedy Hebburn?	Hebburn characters - British Comedy Guide Newspaper Editor. Played by: Chris Ramsey The son. He starts things and never finishes them, gets into all kinds of situations, "a walking disaster zone", but loveable and almost naïve in his view of the world. Jack loves his sister, although their relationship can be a little strained; meanwhile, he has pursued his dreams by becoming a journalist in Manchester, and has ambitions to write books and be a huge success. Sometimes a little too impetuous and ambitious for his own good, Jack's nevertheless utterly honest, loving and loyal to his family and to Sarah, who he met in Manchester and married on impulse in Las Vegas. Having had his dreams of publishing a major football biography dashed, Jack's reluctantly found himself Editor (and sole reporter) of the tiny local paper, the Hebburn Advertiser. He wouldn't have taken it if Sarah hadn't fallen pregnant... Sarah Pearson Played by: Kimberley Nixon The wife. Middle class, from York and Jewish, Sarah is the clever half of the couple. She's studying a PhD in Psychology, looking forward to a successful career in academia and is hoping that her Jack's writing will take off so they can settle down, buy a house and live the dream. Pregnant with their first child, she's suffering dreadfully from hormonal mood swings, and growing ever-more frustrated with not having any space, peace or privacy. Jack seems to have lost all his drive, and it's not gone un-noticed. It'd be fair to say that Hebburn did not initially feature in her plans, but Sarah's not a snob and is really relieved that Jack's family like her. It's a pity that the same cannot be said of her argumentative, snooty, forthright mother... Joe Pearson Played by: Vic Reeves (as Jim Moir) The father, the patriach of the family, strong and silent, great in a crisis, with a dry, almost cutting sense of humour. A big man with a big heart, capable of huge moments of generosity, while refusing to spend any money at all on himself. Joe has worked in the Merchant Navy all his life and has often been away from home for six months at a time, but after a massive stroke he's now back in the family home for good; while there's never anything but love between him and Pauline, it's an added pressure on the Pearsons. Pauline Pearson Estate Agent. Played by: Gina McKee The mother. Daft but not stupid, wise but not sensible, her entire focus is her family and getting them forward in life. In raising her children Pauline has always tried the best for them and in moments of darkness will always "cope". Sometimes by saying the wrong thing, but she will always cope. She is a homemaker at heart and loves looking after her children even though they are now fully grown adults. Following Joe's stroke, Pauline's had to make a big change in her own life by becoming the breadwinner: she's got a job as an estate agent. Trouble is, she's really just a bit too honest! Vicki Florist. Played by: Lisa McGrillis The daughter. Headstrong but with a good heart, Vicki lurches from moments of the desire to fit in, to the realisation she is her own person. She thinks Jack is a "waster" and they bicker constantly, but she loves Sarah and almost instantly seems to feel closer to her than she does to long-term best friend Denise. Jack describes his sister, who idolises Cheryl Cole , as as a "loveable slapper": her somewhat brash, northern manner can disarm, but it's a thin covering over a fairly typical girly-girl. On-off boyfriend Gervaise keeps breaking her heart, but she still loves him. However, having been more than content with a simple life as the girlfriend of a pub singer apparently on the up, she's inspired by Sarah to strive in life, and join the local college: "There's a whole world out there, and I'm gonna learn the shite out of it." Dot Played by: Pat Dunn Joe's mam, Granny Dot, is the matriarch of the Pearson family. She thinks she controls the family despite a long spell in retirement home exile. Dot is desperate to join in the conversation and is thrilled at Sarah's introduction to the family. She also	Do you know your Downton? From Lord Grantham's dog to Mrs Patmore's catchphrase \| Daily Mail Online Do you know your Downton? From Lord Grantham's dog to Mrs Patmore's catchphrase comments The Christmas special of Downton Abbey, on ITV1 tomorrow, may well answer some of the cliffhanger questions left over from series two, such as will Matthew and Mary ever get their act together? And will Mr Bates swing for the murder of his ex-wife? But how much do you know about the story so far? Try our quiz, which alternates easy questions with real testers, and give yourself one point for each correct answer. Elegant: The Crawley sisters played by Laura Carmichael as Lady Edith, Jessica Brown Findlay as Lady Sybil and Michell Dockery as Lady Mary 1. With what famous historical event does the first series begin? (a) The start of World War I (b) The sinking of the Titanic (c) The death of King Edward VII (d) The invention of the telephone 2. What sound informs the family and guests at Downton Abbey that they should start getting ready for dinner? 3. With what deadly disease does the second series end? (a) Spanish Flu (b) German Measles (c) Rocky Mountain Fever (d) Delhi Belly 4. What is the job of Joe Burns, Mrs Hughes’s old flame? Elizabeth McGovern plays Cora in Downton Abbey 5. Which of these characters dies as a result of this disease? (a) Lavinia Swire (b) Mr Carson (c) Mrs Patmore (d) Dr Clarkson 6. What relation is Lord Grantham to Matthew, his heir? 7. What is the correct term for the wife of an Earl, as applied to two Downton characters? (a) Baroness (b) Marchioness(c) Countess (d) Earl Indoors 8. What does Gwen, the housemaid, keep in a box on top of her bedroom cupboard? 9. Lord Grantham’s eldest daughter Lady Mary has a sinful secret that could ruin her reputation. What is it? (a) She had an improper passion for her maid (b) A Greek ship owner got her pregnant (c) A Turkish diplomat died naked in her bed (d) She once said ‘serviette’ instead of‘napkin’ 10. What is the name of Lord Grantham’s dog? 11. From which West Sussex town do the aristocratic family who live at Downton Abbey take their name? (a) Horsham (b) Crawley (c) Pulborough (d) Bognor-Regis 12. In what fictional Army unit does Matthew serve during World War I? 13. What precious object is stolen by Mr Bates’ enemies, Thomas and O’Brien, with the intention of framing him? (a) A pair of Lord Grantham’s gold cufflinks (b) A first edition book from the library (c) An antique blue snuffbox (d) A bottle of vintage brandy 14. At which battle in 1918 are both Matthew and William wounded, the latter fatally? 15. What is the lucrative occupation of Sir Richard Carlisle, to whom Lady Mary is engaged to be married? (a) Arms manufacturer (b) Mine owner (c) Newspaper baron (d)Industrialist 16. What is the name of the shell-shocked war veteran who briefly serves as Lord Grantham’s valet? 17. What does Downton Abbey become during World War I? (a) HQ for the Army’s General Staff (b) A convalescent home for wounded officers (c) A code-breaking centre (d) A tourist attraction, with lions Happily ever after? Anna played Joanne Froggatt, and Brendan Coyle as Mr Bates, who has been arrested over the murder of his ex-wife 18. With what exotic garment, inspired by the Orient does Lady Sybil scandalise the family at dinner? 19. What event is taking place at Downton Abbey when war is declared? (a) A garden party (b) A shooting party (c) A hunt (d) A funeral 20. With what chemical, used to clean copper pots, does Daisy the kitchen maid almost poison the entire Downton Abbey household? 21. With which wholly unsuitable married man does Lady Edith have a brief wartime fling? (a) Mr Bell, the vicar (b) Mr Lamb, the butcher (c) Mr White, the milkman (d) Mr Drake, the farmer 22. By the end of series two, how should Daisy formally be addressed? 23. What classic wartime song does Lady Mary sing to entertain the troops at Downton Abbey? (a) It’s A Long Way to Tipperary (b) If You Were The Only Girl in the World (c) Oh! It’s A Lovely War (d) Pack Up Your Troubles In Your Old Kit-Bag 24. Who i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,049	According to the nursery rhyme, where did Peter Peter pumpkin eater keep his wife?	8 Nursery Rhymes With Bizarre Hidden Meanings, Because Peter Pumpkin Eater Is A Murderer 8 Nursery Rhymes With Bizarre Hidden Meanings, Because Peter Pumpkin Eater Is A Murderer By JR Thorpe Apr 3 2015 Nursery rhymes help us learn the basics of language during our early childhood years — but now that you've outgrown your diapers, you may have noticed that a lot of nursery rhymes don't make sense to our modern ears. Pop goes the weasel? Since when do weasels pop?! This disconnect can be partially explained by history: many nursery rhymes are hundreds of years old , and so involve outdated turns of phrase. Popping the weasel, for example, was actually 18th century slang for pawning your coat, making that whole weaselly rhyme an irreverent song about selling your jacket in order to afford a night out on the town. Which still isn't exactly a traditional story to tell children . And the weirdness of traditional nursery rhymes doesn't end there: a few seemingly innocent rhymes actually contain sly references to political events of the day. "Georgie Porgie" (who kissed the girls and made them cry), for instance, isn't about an over-affectionate toddler, but rather George Villiers, a courtier of England's King James I who seduced a lot of women and ran away from their irate husbands. And "Mary, Mary, quite contrary" is actually Mary Queen Of Scots — and her silver bells, cockle shells and "pretty maids" were not implements of gardening, but rather torture devices she used while persecuting the Protestants during her reign. Whoops. For stories that are a key part of most of our childhoods, nursery rhymes are often blatantly weird once you start thinking about them. Here are 8 of the strangest ones, with their bizarre meanings revealed. Some are just silly, some are violent and inappropriate for kids; but you might want to think twice before reciting any of them the next time you babysit. 8. If You Sneeze On A Monday If you sneeze on Monday, you sneeze for danger; Sneeze on a Tuesday, kiss a stranger; Sneeze on a Wednesday, sneeze for a letter; Sneeze on a Thursday, something better. Sneeze on a Friday, sneeze for sorrow; Sneeze on a Saturday, joy tomorrow. What It's Really About: Luck. Sneezing is an act with a superstitious undercurrent in many cultures. Traditional Flemish belief dictates that a person who sneezes in a conversation will prove that he's telling the truth, while in northern India, it's bad luck to sneeze before undertaking a new task. Nursery rhymes that aim to "teach" us about superstition aren't all that uncommon, but this one is so out-there that it takes the cake (or the handkerchief.) 7. Little Jack Jelf Was put on a shelf Because he could not spell "pie"; When his aunt, Mrs. Grace, Saw his sorrowful face, She could not help saying, "Oh, fie!" What It's Really About: Corporal punishment at school. Jack Jelf actually got off pretty lightly — in the 17th and 18th centuries, British schoolchildren were often subjected to intense corporal punishment when they couldn't master their lessons. Aside from the famous dunce's cap (named after the Scottish intellectual John Duns Scotus , whose teachings were seen as such nonsense that his name became synonymous with stupidity), boys at schools could be "birched" (hit with birch twigs), hit with a hickory stick, or made to stand outside with placards around their necks . The "shelf", in this case, was the shelf behind the teacher's desk , where poor students could be exiled so that everybody would stare at them for the rest of the day. 6. A Carrion Crow Sat On An Oak [Embed] Ladybird, ladybird, fly away home Your house is on fire and your children are gone, All except one called Anne For she has crept under the frying pan. What It's Really About: People being burned at the stake (maybe). This one dates from at least 1744, and we still don't know what exactly it's about. Some theories hold that it might be about Catholics being burned at the stake if they were caught saying Mass in anti-Protestant England. It also might just be about how killing a ladybug (a.k.	Meet the Characters \| In The Night Garden The Tittifers Igglepiggle Igglepiggle is physical and energetic - a well-loved teddy always jumping and bouncing around. He's curious and adventurous, but also vulnerable and modest. Despite his energy he is often in need of reassurance and comfort, which he gets from his best friend Upsy Daisy and his red blanket. Upsy Daisy Upsy Daisy is a happy and optimistic dolly. She loves nothing more than to dance through the garden and often convinces other character to join in. One of her favourite things is her bed, which has a mind of its own and can often be seen chasing her around the garden. Makka Pakka Makka Pakka lives in a little cave at the edge of the garden and likes nothing more than collecting and washing little stones - he'll often wash the faces of the other characters too. He travels around the garden pushing his Og-Pog vehicle, which carries his soap and sponge, his uff-uff dryer and his special trumpet. The Tombliboos There are three Tombliboos - Unn who is red and green, Ooo who is brown and pink and Eee who is pink and yellow. They live together in an extraordinary bush, where they enjoy stacking and sorting their special blocks, banging their drums and making tunes on their piano. The Pontipines and The Wottingers The Pontipines are a large family of 10 that live in a semi-detached house at the foot of a tree. There are 8 children, 4 of which are girls and four of which are boys and they are always dressed in red. Their next-door neighbours are the Wottingers, who also have 8 children and they are always dressed in blue. The Haahoos The Haahoos are five enormous pillowy creatures who roam about the garden at a leisurely pace that is entirey their own. They are sedate and gentle, but are so big they often stop the Ninky Nonk in its tracks - no small feat! The Ninky Nonk and The Pinky Ponk The Ninky Nonk and the Pinky Ponk are the only forms of transport for the characters in the garden, but they couldn't be more different! The Ninky Nonk is a funny kind of train which careers through hedges and clambers up and down trees all over the garden. The Pinky Ponk is a kind of airship which glides gracefully in the air, providing wonderful aerial views of the garden for all those on board. The Tittifers The Tittifers are brightly coloured birds that sing as individuals throughout the programme, and then together form a beautiful harmony as a signal for bedtime. For News & Competitions :	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,050	Who had hits in the 1960s with 'Hurdy Gurdy Man' and 'Mellow Yellow'?	Donovan - Guitarist, Songwriter - Biography.com Famous People Born on May 10 Synopsis Donovan burst onto the musical scene in 1965 with the folk songs “Catch the Wind” and “Colors,” and as his songs took on the psychedelic flavors of the day, he was soon helping to define the era. With hits like “Hurdy Gurdy Man,” “Season of the Witch” and “Mellow Yellow,” Donovan cemented his reputation as a hitmaker who could bring the 1960s subculture to the mainstream with verve. Early Life Donovan Philips Leitch was born in the Maryhill area of Glasgow, Scotland on May 10, 1946. He began playing guitar at age 14 and teamed up with his musician friend Gypsy Dave to do a limited tour of the United Kingdom a few years later. In 1964 he recorded his first demo, which contained "Catch the Wind," a song that would gain greater popularity a year later, when it was released as a single. In 1965, Donovan emerged onto the larger music scene with a series of live performances on the British television series Ready Steady Go! At this stage in his career, Donovan resembled Bob Dylan in both appearance (scraggly) and musical style (folksy), but all that would change in 1965, when he began working with a new producer, British hitmaker Mickie Most. The first Donovan/Most collaboration was "Sunshine Superman," one of the earliest overtly psychedelic songs, and one that helped ignite the musical counterculture revolution. The subsequent album was also titled Sunshine Superman, and it contained the song "Season of the Witch," which would become a classic as well. High-Profile Musician In October 1966, Donovan released the single "Mellow Yellow,” which was arranged by Led Zeppelin’s John Paul Jones. It became Donovan's signature song. Also in 1966, Donovan became the first high-profile musician to get arrested for possession of marijuana. The incident kept him out of the United States long enough for him to miss the now-legendary Monterey Pop Festival. By this time, Donovan had made some famous friends, prominent among them the Beatles' Paul McCartney. In February 1967, the Beatles invited Donovan to join them at Abbey Road Studios during the final recording session for "A Day in the Life," the last song on their album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Donovan was also one of the few musicians to collaborate with the Beatles, contributing lyrics and vocals to their song "Yellow Submarine." Later Years By 1969, Donovan had already released a greatest hits album, which went on to be his best-selling work. He continued to make new records as well, although after 1969 they were chiefly without Mickie Most, with whom he had a falling out. Donovan continued to tour, and he also wrote music for films, such as The Pied Piper and Brother Sun, Sister Moon, both released in 1972. Donovan is a supporter of the David Lynch Foundation for Consciousness-Based Education and World Peace, which is based on transcendental meditation, a practice that Donovan has embraced since the 1960s. He has never stopped playing music, either live or in the studio, and over the course of his career he has performed with folk music legends Pete Seeger, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan, and rock musicians Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin and Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones. In 2012, Donovan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us ! Citation Information	Film History Milestones - 1964 Event and Significance 1964 The first feature-length made-for-TV movie, an action film titled See How They Run (1964) and starring John Forsythe and Senta Berger, was broadcast on NBC-TV for its world premiere. It was the first broadcast of Project 120, an innovative deal between Universal and NBC. 1964 By 1964, especially with the rise of television, theater admission numbers had dropped dramatically to below 1 billion. The trend started to reverse itself with the arrival of blockbusters and multi-plexes, but Hollywood would never get back to its glory days in the 1940s and 1950s. 1964 Director/screenwriter Shirley Clarke's mainstream, fictional feature crime film The Cool World (1964), a cinema verite-style examination of the rise of the Black Power movement and street gangs among African-Americans in the inner-city, was the first commercial film venture to be shot on location in Harlem. The semi-documentary was also the first feature-length film credit produced by legendary documentary director Frederick Wiseman. 1964 Michelangelo Antonioni's and cinematographer Carlo DiPalma's visually-impressive French-Italian co-production Red Desert (1964, It.) (Il Deserto Rosso) made spectacular use of the recently-perfected telephoto lens, to create a shallow depth-of-field. It was also Antonioni's first film in color, used in extreme and expressive ways. 1964 Director Teinosuke Kinugasa's Japanese historical period drama Gate of Hell (1953/1954, Jp.) (aka Jigokumon), released during the wave of influential Japanese cinema in mid-century, was the first color film from Japan to be released outside of the country. It also won the Palme d'Or (Grand Prize) at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival, and the Best Costume Design (Color) Oscar. Its tale was about a brave 12th Century samurai named Moritoh Enda (Kazuo Hasegawa) who hopelessly longed for the beautiful but married Lady Kesa (Machiko Kyo). 1964 The mockumentary A Hard Day's Night (1964), the first Beatles film, premiered. The behind-the-scenes lives of the Fab Four were highlighted as Beatlemania erupted worldwide. The Beatles had made their first live TV appearance in the US on "The Ed Sullivan Show" on February 9, 1964. 1964 Sony began marketing the first reel-to-reel (video tape recorder) VTR designed specifically for home use in 1964 -- however, widescale consumer use of video tape recorders didn't really take off until the mid-1970s. 1964 Director Stanley Kubrick's brilliant, satirical, provocative black comedy/fantasy regarding doomsday and Cold War politics was released, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964) . The landmark film - the first commercially-successful political satire about nuclear war, was a cynically-objective, Monty Python-esque, humorous, biting response to the apocalyptic fears of the 1950s. 1964 To obtain film rights to the intellectual property My Fair Lady (1964) , to be directed by George Cukor and starring Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison, Warners paid a record sum of $5.5 million in February 1962. (See Annie (1982) when the record was broken.) 1964 The Cockney flower vendor character, Eliza Doolittle, played by little-known Julie Andrews on the Broadway stage for My Fair Lady was replaced by well-known, non-singing 'Cinderella' actress Audrey Hepburn in the big-screen 1964 version. Ironically, Julie Andrews was awarded a Best Actress Academy Award (presented in 1965) for her role in Disney's competing film Mary Poppins (1964) as the title character British nanny, and Hepburn failed to receive a nomination for her part. 1964 Mary Poppins (1964) blended live-action and animation. It received 13 Academy Award nominations and won five Oscar statues, including Best Actress for Julie Andrews. She was the first Disney star	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,051	In which year did Alcock and Brown make their Atlantic crossing?	June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic \| WIRED June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic subscribe 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable Phone Charger. Author: Jason Paur. Jason Paur Date of Publication: 06.15.10. Time of Publication: 12:00 am. 12:00 am June 15, 1919: First Nonstop Flight Crosses Atlantic 1919: John Alcock and Arthur Brown land their Vickers Vimy airplane in a bog in Clifden, Ireland, marking the end of the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic. It’s a good bet to win a drink at a bar: “Do you know who was the first person to fly across the Atlantic in an airplane, nonstop?” Most takers think it’s Charles Lindbergh. But the true answer is the kind of knowledge only the most die-hard aviation geeks would know: Alcock and Brown. In 1913, the British newspaper the Daily Mail offered a prize of 10,000 pounds sterling (about $1.1 million in today’s money) to the first aviator to cross the Atlantic. But World War I intervened the following year before anybody could make an attempt, and the competition was suspended. In reality, it was unlikely anybody could have made the crossing in 1913. But by the end of the war, aviation technology had improved significantly. In late 1918, the competition to fly across the Atlantic resumed and stipulated the flight must be made in less than 72 hours. With fighting still fresh in the minds of the British, a new rule prevented teams of “enemy origin” to enter. By the spring of 1919, several teams had gathered in St. Johns, Newfoundland, vying to be the first to cross the Atlantic and collect the prize. There were so many teams that Alcock and Brown had a difficult time finding a suitable field they could use as a runway for their flight. There were no airports in the area. The Vickers Vimy airplane they had prepared for the attempt back in England was still en route by steamship, and other teams had already set up camp at the best locations. The Vickers Vimy was a large airplane for the time. The twin engine bomber was developed for use in World War I, but it wasn’t ready until after the war had ended, and it never saw combat over Europe. With a wingspan of more than 67 feet, the biplane was powered by a pair of 12-cylinder Rolls-Royce engines producing 360 horsepower each. The airplane used for the record-setting attempt was modified by removing the bomb racks and adding extra fuel tanks, so it could carry 865 gallons for the flight. The pilot and navigator sat in an open cockpit at the front of the airplane. By mid-May, one of the rival teams had flown nearly 20 hours east across the ocean before engine troubles forced the crew to ditch at sea. Fortunately, the plane crashed near a ship that was able to rescue the two-man crew. Another attempt at the prize ended in a crash before the airplane was even able to get airborne. The Vickers Vimy arrived in Newfoundland on May 26. Two teams had failed to make the crossing, and the prize was still up for grabs, as was some good real estate for a suitable runway. The team was allowed to use a small field to assemble the airplane, but it was not long enough for the heavily fuel-laden airplane to take off. The Vimy arrived in 13 crates and was assembled in a large canvas tent in just two weeks. At the same time the airplane was being assembled, Alcock had found a suitable takeoff field. Groups of people worked to clear rocks and fill ditches to make it smooth enough for use as a runway. After a few days waiting out bad weather, the decision was made to fuel the airplane at its new field and make an attempt for the first nonstop crossing of the Atlantic. (A U.S. Navy Curtiss seaplane had flown from Newfoundland to Portugal in May, after a 10-day stop in the Azores.) After a few last-minute repairs to fix a broken landing gear that failed under the weight of the fuel, Alcock and Brown lifted off from Lester’s Field on the afternoon of June 14. Brown radioed the message, “All well and started,” to announce they had begun their journey. Unfortunately, it would be the first and last radio message the crew would	2007 UK New Coin Designs 2007 UK New Coin Designs During 2008 , all the familiar British circulation coin designs will be withdrawn and replaced. 2007 UK New Coin Designs Initial comments and reactions to the announcement about the new coin designs following Gordon Brown's announcement in the House on Thursday 15th June 2006 The most immediate and vociferous comments were directed at the proposed two pound coin to commemorate the tercentenary of the Act of Union Between England and Scotland. Act of Union Between England and Scotland Tercentenary Two Pounds 1707 - 2007 According to the (Scottish) Daily Record: Gordon Brown was yesterday slammed for ordering a new coin to mark the Act of Union between Scotland and England. The commemorative £2 coins will be minted next year to mark 300 years since the original Scottish parliament was closed. SNP leader Alex Salmond claimed the Chancellor was trying to woo voters down south after admitting he was backing England in the World Cup. Salmond said: "There is no end to Gordon Brown's capacity for self-promotion and his determination to prove his British credentials." He dubbed the coin the "Brownie - full of brass, not very popular, soon to be devalued". He told MPs: "It's going to become a collector's item as the Union passes into history," But Commons leader Jack Straw replied: "You will be passing into history a long time before the Union." The Treasury are keeping the design of the new coin under wraps until it is approved by the Queen. We originally thought the "Brownie" comment was aimed at the new Centenary of the Scouting Movement Fifty Pence. It would have been wittier and more relevant as Brownies are the junior female version of scouts. The Scotsman: A SPECIAL £2 coin to mark the 300th anniversary of the Act of Union between England and Scotland is to be minted next year, it was announced today. Hundreds of thousands of the commemorative coins will go into circulation along with a similar £2 piece to mark the bicentenary of the abolition of the slave trade alongside the existing regulation coin. But SNP leader Alex Salmond warned that it would have the same rarity value as the proposed stamp to celebrate a Scottish soccer World Cup victory in 1978. He said he would shortly be announcing a competition for the design of a new coin to mark Scotland's regaining of national independence. Chancellor Gordon Brown announced that the Queen had approved the new coin as she celebrated her 80th birthday, due on Saturday, at a special service at St Paul's Cathedral. A Royal Mint spokesman said the new £2 coins would be issued alongside the regulation version which on the reverse side from the Queen's head figures concentric circles signifying the nations' industrial and technological development. The BBC: Special coin to mark Act of Union A £2 coin will be issued next year to mark the 300th anniversary of the Act of Union between England and Scotland, Chancellor Gordon Brown has said. There will also be a commemorative £2 coin to mark 200 years since the abolition of slavery, he told MPs. And a collectable crown piece worth £5 will mark the Queen and Prince Philip's diamond wedding anniversary. "Collector versions of all these coins will be released at a premium above face value," Mr Brown said. A statement issued by Mr Brown, who is Scottish and widely tipped to become prime minister next year, said the Queen had approved his recommendation that a coin be issued to mark the unification of England and Scotland into Great Britain in 1707. Mr Brown also said there would be a special 50p coin to commemorate the centenary of the Scouting movement. All the special coins will be available in collectable versions and the three lower value coins will also be available from banks and post offices later in 2007. The Times Online: Gordon Dazzles as Tories Stay Out of the Game Parliamentary Sketch by Ann Treneman Where's George? That was the cry from the Labour benches aimed at the empty place on the Tory front bench where George Osborne should have been. Gordon Brown is still not very good at	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,052	What nationality was U Thant, the third UN Secretary General?	U Thant biography -Biography Online About U Thant biography U Thant (1909 – 1974) was a Burmese diplomat and the third United Nations Secretary-General. He was widely praised for his diplomacy and peace-keeping skills which were frequently needed during his turbulent period as UN Secretary-General from Nov 30 1961 to Dec 31, 1971. “Every human being, of whatever origin, of whatever station, deserves respect. We must each respect others even as we respect ourselves. This, as the sages of many lands have taught us, is a golden rule in individual and group, as well as international, relations.” – U Thant, Portfolio for Peace (1968), p. 92 His quiet Buddhist faith was important for cultivating his detachment, compassion and calm demeanour which put others at ease and made him ideally suited the difficult job of conflict resolution. Amongst many critical moments, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, U Thant facilitated a meeting between Soviet premier Nikita Krushchev and John F. Kennedy, which helped to defuse the potential crisis of a nuclear war. Early life U Thant U Thant was born in Pantanaw, Burma on 22 January 1909. His father was an educated and relatively wealthy merchant. He encouraged his children to gain a good education. Thant was an avid reader and became known by his friends as ‘The philosopher’ for his knowledge and wide reading. He also developed a talent for writing and harboured an aspiration to become a journalist. He wrote articles for magazines and became a member of debating societies. Aged 14, his father died – leaving his family to struggle financially. Due to this change in financial fortunes, Thant had to give up his desire for a four year degree and instead took a two year teaching certificate at Rangoon University in 1926. U Nu with U Thant At university he became good friends with Nu, the future prime minister of Burma. After completing his teaching certificate he returned to his hometown of Pantanaw when he become a senior teacher at the high school. Three years later, aged just 25, he became the school’s headmaster after winning first place in the All Burma Teachership Examination. In the 1930s there was a tense political environment as Burmese nationalists sought to gain political independence from the British rule. As a child, he participated in strikes against the university act of 1920. But Thant remained a moderate, supporting a more conciliatory approach to Burmese independence from the British. He admired both Mahatma Gandhi and the British politician Sir Stafford Cripps. In 1942, Burma was invaded and occupied by the Japanese. Thant opposed attempts to make learning Japanese compulsory and became sympathetic to the growing anti-Japanese resistance. In 1948, shortly after India, Burma gained independence. His friend Nu became the first Prime Minister and he asked Thant to become part of the administration. When civil war broke out, Thant undertook the dangerous role of peace-mediator, visiting Karen camps to seek a negotiated peace. However, attempts at reaching a peace agreement failed, and in 1949, the advancing insurgents burnt his hometown and house to the ground. However, in the following year the insurgents were defeated and he was appointed secretary to the Prime Minister (1951-57). He became Prime Minister Nu’s closest confident, advising and writing speeches for him. In 1957, he was appointed Burma’s permanent representative to the United Nations – beginning a long and close association with the international organisation. He became involved in negotiations over Algerian independence and was appointed UN Chairman of Congo Commission. UN Secretary-General In 1961, the current United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was killed in a plane crash. This left a void in the top UN position, but the superpower blocks of US and the Soviet Union could not agree on a candidate. When Thant was proposed by the non-aligned movement, U Thant was accepted as the most suitable candidate to fill the remaining term of Dag Hammarsjold. He was appointed acting Secretary-General on 3 November 19	Boutros Boutros-Ghali - Wikiquote Boutros Boutros-Ghali I am Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Put down your guns and listen to Bob Marley . The cohesion of States is threatened by brutal ethnic, religious, social, cultural or linguistic strife. Social peace is challenged on the one hand by new assertions of discrimination and exclusion and, on the other, by acts of terrorism seeking to undermine evolution and change through democratic means. Boutros Boutros-Ghali ( 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016 ) was an Egyptian diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. Contents 1990s[ edit ] We have entered a time of global transition marked by uniquely contradictory trends. Regional and continental associations of States are evolving ways to deepen cooperation and ease some of the contentious characteristics of sovereign and nationalistic rivalries. National boundaries are blurred by advanced communications and global commerce, and by the decisions of States to yield some sovereign prerogatives to larger, common political associations. At the same time, however, fierce new assertions of nationalism and sovereignty spring up, and the cohesion of States is threatened by brutal ethnic, religious, social, cultural or linguistic strife. Social peace is challenged on the one hand by new assertions of discrimination and exclusion and, on the other, by acts of terrorism seeking to undermine evolution and change through democratic means. An Agenda for Peace : Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping (1992) - online text . The concept of peace is easy to grasp; that of international security is more complex, for a pattern of contradictions has arisen here as well. As major nuclear Powers have begun to negotiate arms reduction agreements, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction threatens to increase and conventional arms continue to be amassed in many parts of the world. As racism becomes recognized for the destructive force it is and as apartheid is being dismantled, new racial tensions are rising and finding expression in violence. Technological advances are altering the nature and the expectation of life all over the globe. The revolution in communications has united the world in awareness, in aspiration and in greater solidarity against injustice. But progress also brings new risks for stability: ecological damage, disruption of family and community life, greater intrusion into the lives and rights of individuals. An Agenda for Peace : Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping (1992) Since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, over 100 major conflicts around the world have left some 20 million dead. In a speech in 1992. Cited in Awake! magazine, 1995, 9/8; article: How Was the World 50 Years Ago? The lesson I learned in Cairo still applies. The only way to deal with bureaucrats is with stealth and sudden violence. Statement of 1993, as quoted in The Coming Plague : Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance (1995) by Laurie Garrett, p. 592, and in Preventive Diplomacy : Stopping Wars before they Start (1996) by Kevin M. Cahill, p. 254 There are signs that the system of collective security established in San Francisco nearly 50 years ago [at the founding of the UN] is finally beginning to work as conceived . . . We are on the way to achieving a workable international system. Cited in the Awake! magazine 1996, 4/22; article: Is a World Without War Possible? Only stupid people don't change their minds. On why he sought a second 5 year term as Secretary General of the UN, having initially planned on serving only one, "The Change in the Administration's Position is a Mystery" Interview with The Washington Times (11 November 1996) I believe it will take time to find a solution to the problem. Thus we must have patience. On the Bosnian War , as quoted in Welcome to Sarajevo (1997) It would be some time before I fully realized that the United States sees little need for diplomacy; power is enough. Only the weak rely on diplomacy. This is why the weak a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,053	The ancient cities of Leptis Magna and Cyrene can be found in which modern-day country?	Cyrene was a Libyan Amazon Queen. Prospered through the silphium plant. Cyrene was one of the largest cities in Africa in the 4th century BC. Temple of Zeus (above picture) was larger than Athens' Parthenon. The rulers of Cyrene include: Cleopatra, Alexander the Great, and Marc Antony. A series of turbulent rebellions sent the city in turmoil in the 2nd century AD. The city recovered under the patronage of the Libyan Emperor Septimius Severus. Cyrene was named Unesco World Heritage Site in 1982. One of the top archaeological destination in Libya today. The Greek Invasion of Cyrene The Greek invasions of Crete and Rhodes of the 9th century BC were shortly followed by their invasions of Cyrenaica in Eastern Libya. The city of Cyrene was a Greek colony, built in the seventh century BC (631 BC) upon the oracle advice of Delphi, on one of the best verdant regions of Eastern Libya's Green Mountain, by immigrants (or refugees according to some sources) from the island of Thera (Santhorini). However, there was also a failed attempt to colonise Tripolitania under the command of Dorieus, the king of Sparta, who reached the River Cinyps (Wadi Caam), just east of Leptis Magna, in 520 BC and founded a city by that name. They were kicked out three years later by the Carthaginians (Berbers & Phoenicians). The prosperity of Cyrene was founded on the silphium plant, pictured on Cyrenaican coins, where it resembles a stylised leek or a sunflower. The plant once grew only in Libya and apparently its extinction was a grievous blow to the city's economy. Libyan Amazonian Cyrene: The city is locally known as Qurina: (QRN) > *Qyrne > Cyrne (CRN). But Cyrene was also one of the Libyan Amazon queens who, according to legend, founded a city with that name (Cerne) along the coast. The Greek goddess Ceres, a Hellenic form of African Isis, the Corn-goddess, the goddess of fertility, was also known as Qer, Ger or Cer, and therefore Qurina appears to be the Libyan form of Qer. The Greek Version of the Myth of Cyrene According to the Greek version of the founding myth, the nymph-huntress Cyrene, whom the Greeks knew as Kurana (cf. Qurina), was spotted by the Sun-god Apollo wrestling with and subsequently strangling a lion in the jungle, and he immediately fell in love with the courageous princess. Typical of most Greek gods Apollo did what Zeus normally does, and so he abducted the beautiful princess, threw her in his golden chariot, and flew to a site that eventually bore her name. To make the region safe for settlers, the followers of the god built the Temple of Apollo, whence probably the port of Apollonia nearby. Like Graves had brilliantly pointed out in his Greek Myths, abductions and rapes point to physical invasions in the real world, and as such Apollo's abduction of Cyrene could point us to the fact that the Greeks had invaded an already existent city with that name, which we can, with some reserve, identify with the above Amazonian city. The evidence for this could also come from the myth itself: building a temple for Apollo to protect the settlers indicate that the place originally was inhabited by locals whom the settlers needed protection from. Cyrene's Amazonian connection is also hinted at by the fact that instead of the usual household tasks of weaving and cooking, the nymph Cyrene was strongly passionate about "manly" activities, such as hunting wild beasts; and therefore the fact that Libyan nymph was seen by Apollo wrestling a lion could only point to her being an Amazon princess. One of several pieces found in Cyrenaica, which show the Libyan Amazons. This particular one, currently on display in Tolmeita Museum , was found in Wadi Khamish. Archae	Iqtisadi: The Dominoes Fall: The War in Syria, Europe and Turkey \| Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies Iqtisadi: The Dominoes Fall: The War in Syria, Europe and Turkey In this issue of Iqtisadi: Middle East Economy, MDC Senior Researcher Dr. Paul Rivlin examines the demographic, economic, and political implications of the war in Syria for Europe and Turkey. Author: description: Syrian and Iraqi Refugees Arrive at Lesbos, Greece / Credit: Ggia, via Wikimedia Commons The war in Syria has resulted in the loss of up to 450,000 lives and some 13.5 million people are now in need of humanitarian assistance, including six million children. There are 4.7 million refugees in neighboring countries, including 2.6 million in Turkey, one million in Lebanon, and 600,000 in Jordan. The loss of GDP in Syria was estimated at $275 billion and it will take many years for the country to be reconstructed once the conflict ends. This catastrophe has had effects beyond the Middle East and this edition of Iqtisadi examines the implications for the European Union (EU) and Turkey. The 28 members of the EU and ten Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries – Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria (suspended) and Tunisia – have signed an agreement known as the European Neighborhood Policy. This aimed to achieve the political association and economic integration between the EU and MENA members. While they are separated only by the Mediterranean Sea, the demographic and economic differences are huge. In 2014, the EU had a population of just over 500 million, while MENA states (including Iran and the Gulf Arab states) had over 350 million. After a long period of demographic transition, the countries of the EU are now characterized by low fertility and a dwindling and aging population. This demographic predicament has economic and social consequences, including a shortage of labor. Families in MENA have, on average, twice as many children than those in the EU, which has led to a substantial increase in the number of young people, as well as an overall increase in the total population. Table 1 shows that the contrast is economic as well as demographic. Average income levels in the EU are much higher than in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries listed. The developing countries of MENA (excluding Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE) have a combined GDP of $1.5 trillion, equal to only eight percent of that of the EU. If the list was widened and Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and the countries of the Sahel were included, then the gap would be even wider. description: Table 1: The North-South Gap. The author’s calculation using World Bank data These demographic and economic gaps form very powerful push and pull factors driving the emigration from MENA to Europe, but in recent years they have been overshadowed by the wars that have engulfed MENA and have caused millions to flee to Europe. In 2015, more than a million migrants and refugees fled to Europe, compared with 280,000 in 2014. More than 135,000 people arrived during the first two months of 2016 and it is estimated that two thousand a day are arriving in Greece. Over 80 percent of those who reached Europe by boat in 2015 came from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan. The refugees aim to reach the richer northern members of the European Union (EU), particularly Germany and Sweden, that had, until recently, liberal policies towards the admittance of refugees. This is taking place against a background of terrorist attacks on European targets by the Islamic State (IS), the latest of which were two attacks in Paris— in January 2015 when 17 people were killed November 2015 when 130 were killed —and Brussels on March 22, 2016, in which more than 30 people were killed. Most of the migrants have fled via Turkey to Greece and then, with increasing difficulty, north towards Germany. The effects of the recent mass migration to Europe have been dramatic with the re-imposition of border controls in much of the EU. In 1985, the Schenge	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,054	Who invented the ferris wheel?	Who Invented the Ferris Wheel? Who Invented the Ferris Wheel? Called by other names such as the big wheel or observation wheel, Ferris wheels are usually found in theme parks and amusement centers. Within this type of non-building structure, people can sit comfortably in passenger gondolas, which are attached to the rim and are set in a huge upright wheel. Today, you can find some of the biggest structures in countries like Japan, the United States as well as Taiwan. Aside from these wonderful details, there are so many other important things to learn about it including who invented the Ferris wheel. The Invention of the Ferris Wheel Who invented the Ferris wheel? The American inventor named George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. designed and invented the Ferris wheel in 1893. It was made for the World’s Columbian Exposition that was held in the City of Chicago in Illinois. It was then called the Chicago Wheel, which he did as part of an effort to build something quite impressive just like the Eiffel Tower in France. After this huge event, every ride of similar nature was referred to as Ferris wheel. Additional Facts and Other Interesting Details The Ferris wheel was the centerpiece at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition. It used two steam engines, which stood at the height of 260 feet or 80 meters. After that, it became part of the Saint Louis 1904 World’s Fair. Throughout history, the world has seen different kinds of massive Ferris wheels. After the Chicago Wheel, the Great Wheel was created in 1895 as part of the Empire of India Exhibition that was held Earls Court in London, England. In 1900, the Exposition Universelle was showcased at the Grande Roue de Paris in France, which lasted only until 1937. In 1997, the Tempozan Harbor Village Ferris Wheel opened in Osaka, Japan, which had a height of 369 feet or 112.5 meters. In 1999, a much taller structure was built in the form of the Daikanransha in Odaiba, Japan. This Ferris wheel is bigger at the height of 380 feet or 115 meters. In 2000, then-British Prime Minister Tony Blair opened the London Eye in England. The structure was very impressive, which remains as the highest in the entire Western Hemisphere. Years after that, the Star of Nanchang opened in 2006 in Jiangxi Province, China. It stands 520 feet or 160 meters tall. In 2008, the tallest Ferris wheel was established in Singapore. It was called the Singapore Flyer, with a height of 541 feet or 165 meters. Aside from these, there are other massive structures of the same nature available such as the Eurowheel in Italy, the Sky Dream Fukuoka in Japan and the Riesenrad Vienna in Austria.	1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. If Mercury is 1, and Venus is 2, what is 6? 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. If William Hartnell is 1, and Patrick Troughton is 2, who is 4? 3. If Alpha is 1, and Beta is 2, what is 6? 4. If Tony Blackburn won in 2002, Phil Tuffnell won in 2003, and Kerry Katona won in 2004, who won in 2007? 5. If David Lloyd George is 1, Andrew Bonal Law is 2, and Stanley Baldwin is 3, who is 4? 6. If Liverpool won in 2006, and Chelsea won in 2007, who won in 2008? 7. How many pints does a 10- gallon hat hold? 8. Who was murdered by Fitzurse, de Tracy, de Morville and Le Breton? 9. Who presents Location, Location, Location with Phil Spencer? 10. From what ancient activity does the word ‘crestfallen’ come? 11. What non-mechanical sport achieves the highest speeds? 12. What major city is on an island in the St Lawrence river? 13. Who succeeded Alf Ramsey to become caretaker manger for the English national football team in 1974? 14. What did Britain’s roads first acquire in 1914? 15. Which former Liverpool player held the record for the fastest hat-trick, scoring 3 goals in less than 5 minutes? 16. Myleen Klass (pictured) now presents 10 Years Younger on Channel 4, but what was the name of the pop band that gave her success in 2001? 17. Who was the presenter of Out Of Town in the 1960s who went on to appear on the children’s TV programme How? 18. Whose autobiography is called Dear Fatty? 19. Who were Tom and Barbara’s neighbours in The Good Life? 20. In Cockney rhyming slang what are your ‘Daisy Roots’? 21. What is the surname of the twin brothers who compiled the Guinness Book of Records together between 1955 and 1975? 22. Which actor played Columbo? 23. Does the Bactrian camel have one hump, or two? 24. Where is the world's largest four-faced chiming clock? 25. Concerned about the impact of uncontrolled development and industrialisation, what National Charity was founded in 1895 by three Victorian philanthropists, Miss Octavia Hill, Sir Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley? 26. What famous make of motorcycle was Lawrence of Arabia riding when he was tragically killed in Dorset in 1936? 27. What colour of flag should a ship fly to show it is in quarantine? 28. Purple Brittlegill, Velvet Shank and Orange Milkcap are three types of what? 29. What is the name of the flats where the Trotters lived in Only Fools And Horses? 30. In computing, what does the abbreviation USB stand for? ANSWERS: 1. Saturn; 2. Tom Baker (Doctor Who actors); 3. Zeta; 4. Christopher Biggins. (I’m a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here. Joe Pasquale 04, Carol Thatcher 05, Matt Willis 06, and Joe Swash 08); 5. Ramsay MacDonald (Prime Ministers post WW1); 6. Portsmouth (FA Cup); 7. 6; 8. Thomas Becket; 9. Kirstie Allsopp; 10. Cockfighting; 11. Sky-diving; 12. Montreal; 13. Joe Mercer; 14. White Lines; 15. Robbie Fowler; 16. Hearsay; 17. Jack Hargreaves; 18. Dawn French; 19. Margo and Jerry Leadbetter; 20. Boots; 21. McWhirter (Ross and Norris); 22. Peter Falk; 23. Two; 24. The Clock Tower on the Palace of Westminster in London (Big Ben is the nickname for the bell); 25. The National Trust; 26. Brough Superior; 27. Yellow; 28. Fungi; 29. Nelson Mandela House; 30. Universal Serial Bus Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,055	If an insect is micropterous it has small or reduced what?	Insect Glossary Insect Glossary Snakefly male (Agulla sp.), photo by Werner Eigelsreiter From The Insect Families of British Columbia by Copyright © 2005 - All rights reserved Abdomen. The hindmost of the three main body divisions of an insect. Acuminate. Tapering to a long point. Adventive. Not native and not fully established; locally or temporarily naturalized Aedeagus. Intermittent organ in most insects, formed from a subdivision of the primary phallic lobes. Alate. Winged; having wings. Amphibious. Able to live both on land and in water. Anal. Pertaining to last abdominal segment which bears the anus. Anal lobe. Posterior lobe of wing. Annulate. Formed in ring-like segments or with ring-like markings. Antenna (pl., Antennae). Pair of segmented appendages located on the head and usually sensory in function - the 'feelers'. Antennal. Relating to the antenna. Apophysial pits. An exoskeletal pit and evidence of an internal apophysis. Apophysis. An elongate projection from the exoskeleton, either internally or externally. Appendage. Any limb or other organ, such as an antenna, which is attached to the body by a joint Aptera. Primitive wingless insect group. Apterous. Without wings. Apterygote. Any member of the Apterygota -primitively wingless insects (i.e. insects which have never developed wings during their evolutionary history) in modern classifications this includes the Thysanura, but not Collembola, Diplura, and Protura which are no longer considered insects, but are termed Hexapods instead. Aquatic. Living in water. Arculus. In adult Odonata, an arch-shaped vein connecting radius and median near base of wing, forming an elongate triangle between them. Articulate. Consisting of segments united by joints. Atrial chamber. Cuticular chamber immediately internal to spiracle. Auriculate. Ear-like. Axillary sclerites. Sclerites at base of wing. B Bifurcate. Two-pronged, or divided into two branches or parts. Buccula (pl. Bucculae). Flanges on venter of head, on each side of the first segment of the labium in Heteroptera. C Callus. A rounded swelling: applied especially to swollen regions at the front or back of the thorax. Capitate. With an apical knob-like enlargement. Carina. A ridge or keel. Castes. Groups of individuals that become irreversibly behaviorally distinct at some point prior to reproductive maturity. One of three or more distinct forms which make up the population among social insects. The usual three castes are queen, drone (male), and worker. The termites and some of the ants have one or more soldier castes as well. Cauda. The pointed end of the abdomen in aphids. Caudal. Concerning the tail end. Cells. An area of the wing bounded by a number of veins. A cell is closed if it is completely surrounded by veins and open if it is bounded partly by the wing margin. Cerci. (singular: Cercus) The paired appendages, often very long, which spring from the tip of the abdomen in many insects. Ciliate. Bearing minute setae. Ciliation. Synonym of chaetotaxy, namely the description of the arrangement of setae. Circulus (pl., Circuli). An adhesive organ on the abdominal venter of Pseudococcidae. Claval commissure. Junction of hemelytra along clavus in middle of dorsum, posterior to scutellum in Heteroptera. Clavus. Parallel-sided and sharply pointed anal area of hemelytron. Claw. Sharp curved pincer-like process terminating the segmented thoracic limbs of various arthropods. Clypeus. Lowest part of the insect face, just above the labrum. Collophore. Ventral tube in Collembola. Compound eye. Eye made up of an aggregation of separate visual elements, known as ommatidia, each of which corresponds to a single facet of the cornea. Concave. Hollowed or rounded inward. Contiguous. Touching - usually applied to eyes (see also Holoptic). Convex. Bulging or rounded outward. Coriaceous. Leather-like in texture. Corium. The main part of the forewing of a heteropteran bug. Cornea. Cuticle covering the compound eye or ocellus. Cornicle. One of the pair of small tubular outgrowths on the hind end of the aphid abdomen. Cosmopo	Smallest Bird, Largest Bird, Fastest Bird, Slowest Bird \| Birds of a Feather B&B Birds of a Feather B&B We had a wonderful time! The dogs were great. We will certainly come again! - Kim & John Beautiful... great experience and hospitality ! - Karen 'Thank you for the nice stay. We enjoyed our short trip to Vancouver Island and now know a fine place to stay for our next trip to... - Andrea & Sven Thanks so much, your B&B was much more than advertized. We chose the right place for our last night in B.C. The 5km run to Royal... - Sarah My recent stay at Birds of a Feather was a great experience. As a new student to Royal Roads University I found the location to the... - Dianne Appleby We thoroughly enjoyed our stay. Everything from the views, our room, the comfort, the company, and Dieter's generous hospitality was... - Sonia We had an amazing time here on the island for our honeymoon! This room was perfect! It was our first experience at a B&B, and... - Ryan & Christine Holst This place is magical!! I loved eveything from the wildlife and the scenery to the full moon that took my breath away!! Thank you... - Diane Todosychuk Lovely place to stay! Dieter gave us the best advice about how to spend our limited time here. We are in awe of the beauty of the... - Patricia Bender & Judy Kelly Thank you for welcoming us into your home, everything absolutely perfect - not often I am left speecless but.... WOW! We have found... - Helena & Ray Farmer Smallest Bird, Largest Bird, Fastest Bird, Slowest Bird Best Price Guarantee Smallest Bird Male bee hummingbirds (mellisuga helenae), which live in Cuba, weigh 0.056 ounces and are 2.75 inches in length. The bill and tail account for half of this length. Smallest Bird of Prey The black-legged falconet ( Micrphierax fringlius ) of southeast Asia and the white-fronted or Bornean falconet ( M. latifrons ) of northwestern Borneo both have an average length of 5.5-6 inches, including a 2 inch tail, and weigh approximately 1.25 ounces. Smallest Parrot [contributed by Harold Armitage, Wild Macaws Wild Macaws] The Pygmy parrots of Papua and nearby islands. Genus Micropsitta. There's six different sorts - Yellow-capped, Buff-faced, Finsch's, Geelvink, Meek's, Red-breasted - all around 3" long (8cm). Thought to eat lichens and mosses but not much is known about their lifestyles. Fastest Swimming Bird Gentoo Penguin found on the Antarctic Islands can swim 40 km per hour. Large populations are found at South Georgia, Falkland Islands, and Iles Kerguelen although their breeding distribution is circumpolar. An orange bill and a white stroke behind its eye distinguish the black and white gentoos from the smaller adelie and chinstrap species. Long stiff tail feathers stick out behind as they walk, often cocked up in the water, no other penguin has such a prominent tail. They breed in winter at the more northerly sub-Antarctic islands, laying two eggs as early as July. Can dive over 300' though most prey dives are shallower. Most dives last only half a minute. Largest Carnivorous Bird (contribution by Christoph Kulmann) Titanis Walleri. This bird is known from the early Pleistocene (Ice Age) of Florida. It is the last known member of the family Phorusrhacidae, a group of large, flightless birds which evolved in South America. This creature had an estimated body height of 3 meters (if it stood fully erect, and 2.5 meters in more normal situations). Titanis really had arms instead of wings. Tallest Flying Birdscrane The largest cranes (family Gruidae) can be almost 6 ft. 6 in. tall. Heaviest Flying Birds The Kori Bustard or paauw (Ardeotis Kori) of northeast and southern Africa and the great bustard (Otis tarda) of Europe and Asia weigh about 40-42 pounds. There is a report of a 46 lb. 4 oz. male great bustard shot in northeastern China. It was too heavy to fly. Heaviest Birds of Prey Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) are the heaviest species of bird of prey. Males weigh 20-27 pounds and have a wingspan of at least 10 feet. A male California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) preserved in the Californi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,056	"Which actor, who died in 2011, became famous when referred to as the best actor in the world by Steven Spielberg? He starred in a succession of movies including ""The Usual Suspects"", ""Brassed Off"", ""Last of the Mohicans"" and ""The Constant Gardener""?"	4 Dec by Kuwait Times - issuu issuu CR IP TI ON BS SU TUESDAY, JANUARY 4, 2011 Pakistan PM tries to avert government collapse 40 PAGES Cambodia ‘magic pythons’ in wedded blissssss www.kuwaittimes.net Goldman values Facebook at $50bn Seahawks shut down Rams to reach playoffs Pro-govt MPs gloat as PM win looks certain ‘Magic number’ of 25 remains elusive for opposition Max 23 Min 9 Low Tide 13:03 & 23:14 High Tide 06:31 & 18:01 By B Izzak US, Germany developing spy satellites OSLO: Germany and the United States are jointly developing secret spy satellites under the guise of a commercial program despite opposition from France, leaked US diplomatic cables showed yesterday. The project, named HiROS, envisions the construction of an undetermined number of high-resolution observation satellites capable of spotting any object on the planet down to a size of just 50 cm, according to classiﬁed cables from US embassy in Berlin leaked to WikiLeaks and obtained by Norwegian daily Aftenposten. The satellites will have the capacity to take infrared images at night and to send images much quicker back to earth than the satellites currently in service, the cables showed. Due to the controversial nature of the program, US and German oﬃcials have decided it should be presented as a civilian project with environmental aims, run by commercial entities. But in reality it is “under the total control” of the German intelligence service BND and the German aerospace centre DLR, the cables showed. A DLR spokesman yesterday denied HiROS, which stands for High Resolution Optical Satellite System, was a spy satellite. “The purpose of HiRos will be to transmit data for public services, for example for crisis management in natural catastrophes,” Andreas Schuetz told AFP in an email. “HiROS is not a spy satellite nor a secret project,” he said. The US embassy cables quoted in Norwegian by Aftenposten cover a period from Feb 2009 to Feb 2010. They also show that some countries, “especially France,” have tried to stop the project by every means possible. Continued on Page 14 KUWAIT: Opposition and pro-government MPs yesterday traded statements just a day before a crucial vote which the prime minister looks certain to survive, as a number of lawmakers started to speak about the aftermath of the grilling. Pro-government MPs appeared jubilant, with Adnan Al-Mutawwa challenging the opposition lawmakers to carry out their promise to resign if they fail to oust the prime minister. Opposition MPs meanwhile refused to accept that the narrow margin of survival is a victory for the government, with MP Mohammad Hayef calling on Prime Minister HH Sheikh Nasser Mohammad Al-Ahmad AlSabah to resign. Meanwhile, MP Adel AlSaraawi warned the government against utilizing upcoming appointments in the oil sector as a way of repaying political supporters. As of late yesterday, the numbers of supporters and opponents of the prime minister remained almost unchanged with 21 MPs set to vote against the premier and 25 with him. Two MPs Hassan Jowhar and Khaled Al-Sultan - remain Continued on Page 14 KUWAIT: A pro-government gathering was held yesterday in Yarmouk at the residence of Eneza tribal chief Sheikh Mislet Zibin Al-Hazzal (inset), who declared his total support to the government and the Al-Sabah ruling family. — Photos by Yasser Al-Zayyat Egypt on high alert ahead of Coptic Xmas CAIRO: Egypt was on high alert yesterday ahead of Coptic Christmas in the wake of a New Year’s Day church bombing as investigators hunted the perpetrators of the attack which cost 21 lives. Police cancelled leave for senior oﬃcers and tightened surveillance of airports and ports to prevent suspects from leaving the country, as new checkpoints were set up across the nation. Security was also to be beefed up at churches for Christmas which Copts celebrate on January 7, security oﬃcials said. The clampdown comes amid concerns there may be new protests by Copts following overnight clashes at Cairo’s St. Mark’s Cathedral - headquarters of Coptic leader Pope Shenouda III - during which 45 policemen were	Academy Awards Best Actor The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) ); two were consecutive nominations (from 1930/31-1931/32) Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins (Philadelphia (1993), Forrest Gump (1994)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1993-1994) Sean Penn (5) - with two wins (Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008)); nominations were from 1995-2008 The Most Best Actor Nominations: Actors with the highest number of Best Actor acting nominations (in parentheses) include: Spencer Tracy (9) - with two wins Laurence Olivier (9) - with one win (Hamlet (1948)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1939-1940) Jack Nicholson (8) - with two wins Paul Newman (8) - with one win (The Color of Money (1986)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1981-1982) Peter O'Toole (8) - with no wins; two were consecutive nominations (from 1968-1969); nominations from 1962-2006 Marlon Brando (7) - with two wins Dustin Hoffman (7) - with two wins Jack Lemmon (7) - with one win (Save the Tiger (1973)); two were consecutive nominations (from 1959-1960, and from 1979-1980) Paul Muni (6) - with one win (The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1935-1937) Richard Burton (6) - with no wins; three were consecutive nominations (from 1964-1966) Gary Cooper (5) - with two wins Tom Hanks (5) - with two wins Fredric March (5) - with two wins Sean Penn (5) - with two wins Daniel Day-Lewis (5) - with three wins James Stewart (5) - with one win ( Anthony Hopkins (3) - with one win ( The Silence of the Lambs (1991) ); nominations from 1991-1995 Russell Crowe (3) - with one win (Gladiator (2000)); three were consecutive nominations (from 1999-2001) Jeff Bridges (3) - with one win (Crazy Heart (2009)); nominations from 1984-2010 George Clooney (3) - with no wins; nominations from 2007-2011 Consecutive Best Actor-Winning Performers: There are only two actresses (Luise Rainer and Katharine Hepburn) who have received two consecutive Best Actress awards, as there are only two actors who have received two consecutive Best Actor statuette wins: Spencer Tracy (Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)) Tom Hanks (Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994)) [Note: Jason Robards won two consecutive Best Supporting Actor Oscars in 1976 and 1977.] Winners of Both a Lead and Supporting Actor Oscar: In 1997, Jack Nicholson tied Walter Brennan for the most wins (3) for a male performer (Brennan has three Best Supporting Actor trophies, Nicholson has two for Best Actor and one for Best Supporting Actor). The only stars to win both a Best Actor and a Best Supporting Actor (BSA) Oscar are the following: Jack Nicholson (BA for Gene Hackman (BA for The French Connection (1971) , BSA for Unforgiven (1992) ) Kevin Spacey (BA for American Beauty (1999), BSA for The Usual Suspects (1995)) Denzel Washington (BA for Training Day (2001), BSA for Glory (1989)) The Only Best Actor Tie: In the Best Actor category, an unusual tie (the only occurrence among male acting performances) occurred in 1931/32 between Wallace Beery and Fredric March, for their respective performances in The Champ (1931/32) and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931/32). The Most Best Actor Oscar Nominations - Without Winning: Peter O'Toole is the only star with eight Best Actor Oscar nominations without a single win. His record extends 44 years, from 1962 to 2006. Richard Burton was nominated seven times (and never won), although his first nomination was as Best Supporting Actor for My Cousin Rachel (1952) -- his last six nominations were as Best Actor. Oscar-Winning Actor Roles and Trends: Biographies of remarkable, real-life individuals (military figures or soldiers, law-and-order enforcers, historical figures) and portrayals of the mentally ill are heavily represented among male Oscar winners, particularly in the acting awards. It helps an	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,057	What island did Captain Cook discover, before being killed by the people who already lived there?	Captain Cook killed in Hawaii - Feb 14, 1779 - HISTORY.com Captain Cook killed in Hawaii Share this: Captain Cook killed in Hawaii Author Captain Cook killed in Hawaii URL Publisher A+E Networks On February 14, 1779, Captain James Cook, the great English explorer and navigator, is murdered by natives of Hawaii during his third visit to the Pacific island group. In 1768, Cook, a surveyor in the Royal Navy, was commissioned a lieutenant in command of the HMS Endeavor and led an expedition that took scientists to Tahiti to chart the course of the planet Venus. In 1771, he returned to England, having explored the coast of New Zealand and Australia and circumnavigated the globe. Beginning in 1772, he commanded a major mission to the South Pacific and during the next three years explored the Antarctic region, charted the New Hebrides, and discovered New Caledonia. In 1776, Cook sailed from England again as commander of the HMS Resolution and Discovery, and in January 1778 he made his first visit to the Hawaiian Islands. He may have been the first European to ever visit the island group, which he named the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his patrons, John Montague, the Earl of Sandwich. Cook and his crew were welcomed by the Hawaiians, who were fascinated by the Europeans’ ships and their use of iron. Cook provisioned his ships by trading the metal, and his sailors traded iron nails for sex. The ships then made a brief stop at Ni’ihau and headed north to look for the western end of a northwest passage from the North Atlantic to the Pacific. Almost one year later, Cook’s two ships returned to the Hawaiian Islands and found a safe harbor in Hawaii’s Kealakekua Bay. It is suspected that the Hawaiians attached religious significance to the first stay of the Europeans on their islands. In Cook’s second visit, there was no question of this phenomenon. Kealakekua Bay was considered the sacred harbor of Lono, the fertility god of the Hawaiians, and at the time of Cook’s arrival the locals were engaged in a festival dedicated to Lono. Cook and his compatriots were welcomed as gods and for the next month exploited the Hawaiians’ good will. After one of the crewmen died, exposing the Europeans as mere mortals, relations became strained. On February 4, 1779, the British ships sailed from Kealakekua Bay, but rough seas damaged the foremast of the Resolution, and after only a week at sea the expedition was forced to return to Hawaii. The Hawaiians greeted Cook and his men by hurling rocks; they then stole a small cutter vessel from the Discovery. Negotiations with King Kalaniopuu for the return of the cutter collapsed after a lesser Hawaiian chief was shot to death and a mob of Hawaiians descended on Cook’s party. The captain and his men fired on the angry Hawaiians, but they were soon overwhelmed, and only a few managed to escape to the safety of the Resolution. Captain Cook himself was killed by the mob. A few days later, the Englishmen retaliated by firing their cannons and muskets at the shore, killing some 30 Hawaiians. The Resolution and Discovery eventually returned to England. Related Videos	Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland - Telegraph Robert Falcon Scott Wreck of Captain Scott's ship discovered off Greenland The SS Terra Nova, which took Captain Scott on his ill-fated mission to the Antarctic, has been found by researchers 70 years after it was sunk. Scott's ship the SS Terra Nova Photo: THE PONTING COLLECTION Image 1 of 3 Standing, left to right: Captain Lawrence Oates, Captain Robert Falcon Scott, Petty Officer Edgar Evans; seated, left to right, Lieutenant Henry Bowers and Edward Wilson, at the South Pole Image 1 of 3 The ship has laid on the sea bed under icy waters for 70 years Photo: Schmidt Ocean Institute 4:52PM BST 15 Aug 2012 The ship that took Captain Robert Falcon Scott on his ill-fated mission to the Antarctic 100 years ago has been discovered off the coast of Greenland. The SS Terra Nova, built in Dundee in 1884, was found by a research company, Schmidt Ocean Institute, when they were testing new equipment on one of their vessels. The discovery has amazed experts as the ship had lain on the sea bed under icy waters for 70 years. Captain Scott and his team sailed it from Cardiff to the Antarctic in their quest to be the first people to reach the South Pole a century ago. They disembarked in November 1911 for the 167-mile trek to the Pole and arrived in January 1912, only to find a Norwegian party led by Roald Amundsen had beaten them to it. Scott’s whole team died on the return trek. Related Articles The horrors of Scott expedition to South Pole 19 Jul 2012 The Terra Nova was afterwards bought by the Bowring Brothers and in 1913 it returned to the Antarctic to work in the Newfoundland seal fishery. During the First World War it was used for coastal trading voyages and in 1942 was chartered by Newfoundland Base Contractors to carry supplies to base stations in Greenland. But on September 13, 1943, the vessel was damaged by ice. The US Coastguard rescued all 24 crew and then fired bullets into the ship’s side, sinking it just off the south-western tip of Greenland. It remained there until the team from the institute began an exploration exercise in the north Atlantic. While testing echo sounders from the institute's flagship vessel R/V Falkor, they discovered the wreck of the Terra Nova last month. The wooden-hulled barque with one funnel and three masts was known to be in the general area but the exact location was unknown. While inspecting an area of the sea bed, survey expert Jonathan Beaudoin, from the University of New Hampshire, noticed an unidentifiable feature. He and a colleague, Leighton Rolley, compared it with other shapes on the sea bed and decided to carry out further investigation. Using sophisticated technology, the boat-shaped object was measured and its 57m length matched the dimensions of the Terra Nova. After analysing data from acoustic tests, the team sent down a camera for a closer look and the pictures showed a wooden wreck lying on the sea bed. The camera footage also identified the funnel of the vessel next to the wreck. The team compared the image of the funnel with historic photographs of the SS Terra Nova and their observations confirmed the identity of the ship. Mr Rolley, a marine technician said: “The discovery of the lost SS Terra Nova, one of the most famous polar exploration vessels, was an exciting achievement.” Brian Kelly, the education officer at the Discovery Point heritage museum in Dundee, said he was "amazed" by the discovery. "It is remarkable that the Terra Nova has been found now, 100 years on from the race to the pole, the death of Scott and four of his crew, and in the year of various events to commemorate that occasion,” he said. "She was severely damaged when she was sunk by the US Coastguard and the front of her hull is peeled back, suggesting that the structure may not be able to take any movement. "She is also in very deep water, I think over 1,000ft.” Because of the depth the ship was found at, its condition, and the cost of any salvage operation, it was unlikely the wreck would be recovered, he said.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,058	A decennial event occurs every how many years?	About Redistricting About Redistricting ABOUT REDISTRICTING Legislative Redistricting Legislative redistricting is the process of redrawing the boundary lines of legislative districts. The purpose of legislative redistricting is to ensure that each person is equally represented in our democracy by the creation of districts that are as equal in population as practicable, consistent with other state constitutional parameters, so as to achieve the principle of “one person – one vote.” The legislative redistricting process must occur every ten years, at the beginning of each decade, after a state officially receives the results of the federal decennial census, which provides the demographic and geographic data from which the districts are created. The Census, Congressional Apportionment, and the United States Constitution Before legislative redistricting can occur in any state, the federal decennial census of the United States must be taken. The Secretary of the federal Department of Commerce and its Bureau of the Census are required to take a decennial census of the population as of the first day of April of each year ending in zero, in such form and content as the Secretary may determine, and to complete the tabulation and report the results, by state, to the President of the United States by December 31 of the same year. The Secretary is to report the census results no later than April 1 of the following year to each state's "Governor...and to the officers or public bodies having responsibility for legislative apportionment or districting." The reports contain the population data for various geographical areas within the state, including the smallest area, the census block. Census data is the basis for creating legislative districts. However, the United States Constitution leaves it to each state to establish its own method of redrawing legislative boundaries at the start of each decade. In the majority of states, the legislative district plan takes the form of a bill passed by the Legislature and signed into law by the Governor. In over a dozen other states, responsibility for legislative redistricting is assigned to a group other than the legislature. Such is the case in New Jersey, where a plan is created by an Apportionment Commission provided for in the New Jersey Constitution. Legislative Redistricting Under the New Jersey State Constitution In 1966, the State Constitutional Convention recommended, and a majority of voters approved at the general election in that year, an amendment to the New Jersey Constitution shifting the responsibility of drawing the legislative districts from the Legislature to an Apportionment Commission. Under Article IV, Section III, paragraph 1, the State Constitution provides that the Apportionment Commission is to be composed of 10 members with five each appointed by the State chairmen of the two largest political parties. The appointments must be made with consideration given to the representation of the various geographical areas of the State. They must also be made by November 15 of the year in which the census is taken and certified to the Secretary of State on or before December 1 of that year. The Apportionment Commission is directed to certify a redistricting plan within one month of receipt by the Governor of the census, or on or before February 1st of the year following the year in which the census is taken, whichever is later. Under Article IV, Section III, paragraph 2, the State Constitution further provides that if a majority of the commission is unable to agree on a plan within this period, it must so certify to the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, who will then appoint an eleventh member. With this new member, the reconstituted commission has one month to certify a plan to the Secretary of State. Under Article IV, Section III, paragraph 3, the State Constitution provides that, once established, the plan remains unaltered until the following decennial census of the State is received by the Governor. Legislative Redistricting Timeframe in New Jersey	Index-a This Week's Puzzles So You Think You Know Soccer A soccer goal is what dimensions, yards wide and feet high: 8x7; 7x8; 8x8 or 9x8? According to FIFA World Cup rules which flag must be displayed inside each match stadium besides those of FIFA/Fair Play, and the two competing nations? Approximately how many million people play regular organized football in the world (at the early 2000s): 5; 25; 65; or 250? The word soccer derives from: Sock; Association; Kosher; or Socrates? What is not required by the rules of soccer: Goal net; Penalty spot; Specified ball pressure; or Shin guards? The 2014 World Cup Finals allocated European and African teams respectively how many places: 3 and 9; 4 and 10; 5 and 13; or 6 and 15? What city/club football rules, which spread widely in the late 1800s, introduced heading, corners, throw-ins, changing ends, and the goal crossbar: Sheffield; Paris; Milan; or Berlin? FIFA's 2014 World Cup Finals/Qualifying rules dictate a match squad of how many players: 18; 23; 26; or 30? In the 2010 World Cup Final, Jo'bulani was the: Winner's national anthem; Winning goalscorer; Ball; or Trumpet-like horn blown by fans? The minimum rest-period between two games for any team at the 2014 World Cup is how many hours: 24; 36; 48; or 72? Soccer rules award what after an 'own goal' directly from a throw-in: Goal; Penalty; Corner; or Drop-ball? The headquarters of FIFA are in Brussels; London; Zurich, or Oslo? Who has made the World Cup footballs since 1970: Adidas; Puma; Umbro; or Nike? The World Cup Qualifiying matches between El Salvador v Honduras in 1969 coincided with what mutual event: Independence; Earthquake; Drought; or War? The first ever ï¿½100,000 (or above) football transfer, in 1961, was: Bobby Moore; Pele; Dennis Law; or Eusebio? A white ball was first used in a World Cup in: 1930; 1950; 1966; or 1982? The centre circle of a soccer pitch is used only at kick-offs/re-starts, and in which other game feature? Matthias Sammer, Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane, Rivaldo, and Luis Figo won what between 1990-2002: European Cup; World Cup; Golden Boot; or European Footballer of the Year? The first, second and third placed teams at the 2014 World Cup receive how many medals: 20; 30; 40 or 50? Soccer has been an Olympic event since: 1900; 1964; 1992; or 2002? PAGE 6	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,059	Italian for angry, what is the pasta sauce of garlic, tomatoes, and red chili cooked in olive oil?	Penne Arrabbiata (Pasta cooked in Red Chili flakes and Olive Oil) - Honey, Whats Cooking Honey, Whats Cooking A food, travel & lifestyle blog. Main navigation Penne Arrabbiata (Pasta cooked in Red Chili flakes and Olive Oil) December 3, 2009 9 Comments Today I made, Penne Arrabbiata, which literally means, “Angry Penne”. This dish is cooked with red chili flakes, so it is hot and spicy, hence the term, ‘angry.’ I’ve had many variations of this dish in the US, but nothing beats eating Italian food in Italy. On our honeymoon, my husband kept ordering Penne Arrabbiata (a veggie option), since many dishes in Italy contain red meat. He must have ordered this dish like 7 times total, and he never seem to get sick of it. What’s not to love? Pasta, olive oil, garlic, tomatoes, topped off with parmesan cheese and parsley/basil! Traditionally, this dish is topped off with parsley, I used basil instead. There is something about basil that goes so so well with Italian food. Normally, this dish does not use onions and crushed tomatoes, I used both, what can I say, I love hearty dishes. So I bring you my version of this simple, and truly amazing dish… I feel like I’m in Italy again. Try this, you will not be dissapointed! NUTRITION: I used whole grain penne pasta, so this dish contains fiber. The cheese adds protein and calcium to this dish. Tomato sauce is a good source of Vitamin A and C. INGREDIENTS: Parmesan Cheese – 1/2 cup (finely grated) DIRECTIONS: 1. Set aside water to boil. 2. Chop garlic, onions, and tomatoes. 3. Heat a pan on medium heat. Add extra virgin olive oil. Add red pepper flakes. 4. Add onions and garlic. Saute until onions are golden. 5. Add the tomatoes and salt. 6. This is what you should have after 5 minutes. 7. Add crushed tomatoes. Season with black pepper and salt. 8. Cover and simmer for 10-12 minutes. 9. Now cook the pasta for 10 minutes, or until Al Dente. 10. In the meantime, chop the basil and grate the parmesan cheese. 11. The pasta should be done. The sauce will cook down a little bit. At this time add all the pasta to the sauce. Turn off the gas. 12. Add basil. 13. Add parmesan cheese. 14. All I can say is, why wasn’t I born Italian? 🙁 SOOOOOOOO GOOD! I would really appreciate your feedback!	History Jeopardy Template Who is the Medici Family Who was the wealthy family in Florence that funded many artists during the Renaissance? 100 Who is Prometheus Who is that man that brought fire to the people of Greece by breaking off a piece of the sun? 100 Who is Helen of Sparta The Trojan War began because of the abduction of which Spartan queen according to classical sources? 100 What was the river that Egyptian civilizations depended on for flooding and irrigation? 100 After what explorer is our continent named? 200 What is Legalism What was the ancient Chinese philosophy that was used to bring an end to the Warring States Period in ancient China? 200 Who was the very wealthy king who loved gold more than anything? 200 In what year was the last battle of the War of 1812? 200 What type of belief system did most early civilizations have? 200 Who is that Spanish explorer that conquered the Incan empire? 300 What was the pictographic script used by the ancient Egyptians involving symbols? 300 Who was the god that was thrown off Mount Olympus because he was ugly? 300 During the Fourth Crusade, the pope excommunicated the Crusaders because they sacked what Christian city? 300 What is the Shang Dynasty What Chinese dynasty used tortoise shells and 'oracle bones' to communicate with the spirits which led to the first examples of Chinese writing? 300 Who is known as the first man to sail all the way around the world? 400 What is "Ring around the Rosie" What is the song that children sing for fun, but actually describes the Black Death that spread across Europe? 400 Artemis and who were the twins that Zeus had with Leto? 400 Who is Henry Tudor The War of Roses was fought between the Lancasters and the Yorks, but was one by a leader of neither party named who? 400 Who is the Nazca Who of this early Andes Mountains civilization carved enormous pictographs or glyphs into the desert floor that might be a form of ancient calendar? 400 Who crossed Panama and was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? 500 What is 1886 What is the year in which the United States was presented with a monumental gift from France? 500 Who is Paris According to legend, who fired the arrow that hit Achilles in the heel, his only vulnerable spot? 500 What is the Treaty of Westphalia What was the resolution of the 30 Years War? 500 What is Papua New Guinea Jarred Diamond began searching the world for answers to a question posed by Yali, a native of what tropical country where Diamond did his early research? 500	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,060	Leoprine relates to which animals?	Leporine - definition of leporine by The Free Dictionary Leporine - definition of leporine by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/leporine Of or characteristic of rabbits or hares. [Latin leporīnus, from lepus, lepor-, hare.] leporine (Zoology) of, relating to, or resembling a hare [C17: from Latin leporīnus, from lepus hare] lep•o•rine of or resembling a rabbit or hare. [1650–60; < Latin leporīnus=lepor-, s. of lepus hare + -īnus -ine 1] Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Avaliacao de uma chave de identificacao simplificada para Staphylococcus coagulase-positivos isolados de mastite bovina On Saturday nights, she sashays out in a party frock and perfume exuding all the scents of the East, but on Sunday she lights her briar pipe, before slapping her thighs and striding off to the moors in a pair of robust brogues, Donegal tweed breeches and a Norfolk jacket - a Gertrude Stein of the leporine world.	Love's Labour's Lost By Michael J. Cummings...ï¿½ 2003 . King Ferdinand of Navarre and three of his lordsï¿½Dumain, Longaville, and Berowne (also called Biron in some editions of Shakespeareï¿½s plays)ï¿½decide to abandon the pleasures of the world for three years to pursue knowledge and keep company only with books in order to gain everlasting fame as scholars. The king says, ï¿½Our court shall be a little Academe / Still and contemplative in living artï¿½ (1.2.14-15). Ferdinand has drawn up a contract outlining the conditions under which they are to live. Longaville is the first to sign it, saying, The mind shall banquet, though the body pine: Fat paunches have lean pates, and dainty bits Make rich the ribs, but bankrupt quite the wits. (1.1.27-29) Dumain then signs the contract, declaring ï¿½To love, to wealth, to pomp, I pine and dieï¿½ (1.1.33). Berowne, however, balks at the strictness of the contract. First, it forbids all discourse with women. Next, it requires the four men to fast one day a week and eat but one meal on the other days. Finally, it dictates that they may sleep no more than three hours a night. But after the king tells Berowne their study time will yield hidden pearls of knowledge, Berowne, too, signs the contract. One of its conditionsï¿½the prohibition of womenï¿½applies to every man in the service of the king, not just to the king and his three fellow scholars. The only diversion they will have from their studies will be provided by the kingï¿½s clown, Costard, and a Spanish knight, Don Adriano de Armado. The king says Don Adriano knows many entertaining tales and has a way with words. In truth, though, Don Adriano is little more than a pompous buffoon who cannot even out-duel his own page, Moth, in a battle of wits (1.2.3-69). (Don Adriano appears to symbolize King Philip of Spain and his vaunted Armada, which was defeated by the English in 1588. Through Adriano, Shakespeare pokes fun at Philip.) After the contract takes effect, Costard violates it by wooing a comely maid named Jaquenetta. Don Adriano, who has seen them together on the grounds of the kingï¿½s estate, tattles on Costard in a letter to the king. Adriano isnï¿½t just trying to be a good citizen; heï¿½s trying to save Jaquenetta for himself. He loves her with a passion that has driven him to poetry. Costard is taken into custody and sentenced to a diet of bran and water for one week. .Soon thereafter, the beautiful Princess of France arrives at Navarre on a diplomatic mission in which she and the king are to discuss a financial matterï¿½specifically, whether France owes Navarre money, as the king contends, or whether France has already paid the debt, as the princess contends.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,061	What type of shirt did Steve Jobs wear?	Steve Jobs Always Dressed Exactly the Same. Here's Who Else Does Steve Jobs Always Dressed Exactly the Same. Here's Who Else Does {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe Today marks the one-year anniversary of Steve Jobs ’ death. The late Apple co-founder was best known for his visionary leadership and innovation—but he was also known for his unvarying signature look. Unlike most corporate executives, who wear suits and ties, Jobs was committed to his chosen uniform of a black mock turtleneck, blue jeans and New Balance sneakers. Jobs wasn’t the first to go his own unusual yet unchanging way, and he certainly wasn’t the last. Others include fashion designer Michael Kors, Segway inventor Dean Kamen, and fictional character Pee-wee Herman. In Pictures: 18 Famous People Who Always Dress The Same William Arruda , a personal branding guru and author of Ditch. Dare. Do!, says this practice can be part of personal branding. “They wear what they wear because that's what they feel comfortable wearing,” he says. “When you wear something that just feels right, you are confident. And it is also great to have a trademark look. It makes you memorable and distinctive.” Others do it to be more efficient. Take Albert Einstein. It has been reported that the famous physicist bought several versions of the same grey suit because he didn’t want to waste brainpower on choosing an outfit each morning. Now—decades later—President Obama does the same. Michael Lewis wrote in a recent Vanity Fair article : You also need to remove from your life the day-to-day problems that absorb most people for meaningful parts of their day. “You’ll see I wear only gray or blue suits,” [Obama] said. “I’m trying to pare down decisions. I don’t want to make decisions about what I’m eating or wearing. Because I have too many other decisions to make.” He mentioned research that shows the simple act of making decisions degrades one’s ability to make further decisions. “Famous business people and politicians are known to be consistent with their wardrobe because it's their brand identity,” says Dan Schawbel , founder of Millennial Branding and author of Me 2.0. “It's who they are, how they want to represent themselves and make a statement. It's not about what you wear, but what you accomplish. [Mark] Zuckerberg, for instance, wears casual clothing because he represents the entire generation of young people who don't want to wear suits to work.” This week, the Facebook CEO told NBC's TODAY host Matt Lauer that he owns "maybe about 20" identical grey T-shirts. Zuckerberg said, "I mean, I wear the same thing every day, right? I mean, it's literally, if you could see my closet at home." We also found a number of notable people who wear all black, all white—or a combo of the two—all the time. Author and journalist Tom Wolfe began wearing his trademark white suits in 1962, while Johnny Cash’s all-black dress earned him the nickname “The Man In Black,” around the same time. “Consistency of all kinds is what builds brands,” Schawbel says. “People who wear the same thing, have a catch phrase or two, and associate with the same people are more memorable than those who don't. It says this is who I am and this is what I enjoy. I think it's a rather positive thing that helps people identify with them and allows them to just be themselves.”	My Questions - Documents Documents Share My Questions Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/my-questions.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/my-questions.html" title="My Questions" target="_blank">My Questions</a></div> size(px) Download My Questions Transcript Chemically pure gold contains how many carats? What is the tallest and thickest type of grass? What was the surname of the family who employed Julie Andrews' character in 'The Sound Of Music'? Which nation has won the Eurovision Song Contest more than any other? What is the most common gas in the air we breathe? Which three different actors played Batman in the movies between 1989 and 1997? What colour is Bart's skateboard in the introduction? The theme tune to which TV show starts with the line "Stick a pony in me pocket"? Which soap opera is set in the fictional county of Borsetshire? Who did Sue Barker replace as host of the BBC quiz show "A Question Of Sport"? Which "Generation Game" presenter was famous for his catchphrase "Shut That Door"? "No Mean City" by Maggie Bell is the theme tune to which long running Scottish TV detective show? Anthony, Barbara, Dave, Denise, Jim and Norma make up which famous family on British TV? Which part did Deforest Kelley play in the TV series Star Trek? True or False In space it is impossible to cry? Famous sitcom actor Kelsey Grammar provides the voice for for a character in which famous cartoon TV Series The largest ever picnic for a childs toy was held in Dublin in 1995 where 33,573 of the toys were there . What was the toy ? Which American state comes first alphabetically? In Greek legend, what is the name given to the creature that is half man and half bull? Which country has the airline KLM? The sinking of which famous German battleship was portrayed in the title of a 1960 film? What organisation is also known as "La Cosa Nostra"? What was the Titanic’s first port of call after it left Southampton? Which mountain overshadows Fort William in scotland ? What was the name of the 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock as a computer expert whose identity is erased? A penguin called Wheezy was a character in which film ? Who played Vince in the 1980s TV series "Just Good Friends"? In which 1994 film did Whoopi Goldberg provide the voice of a hyena called Shenzi? What is the only venomous snake in Britain? How many pieces are there in a standard set of dominoes? James Earl Ray was responsible for who's death in 1968? In which city in England is the National Railway Museum? In the music world, which group sacked Simon Fuller in 1997? Which Roman God is one of the symbols of St Valentine's Day? What was the challanging method of catching a fly asked of Daniel in the film "The Karate Kid"? Actor Richard Kiel is best known for playing which character in two bond films ? Which is the odd one out, Comet, Dixon, Cupid, Vixen? Which planet in the solar system is named after the Roman messenger to the Gods? What product did Coke invented in 1982? Which Japanese word, also used in the English language, means "empty orchestra"? On which date does Halloween fall? Oscar is the first name of which of the famous songwriting duo Rogers and Hammerstein? 24 Bamboo Von Trappe Ireland Nitrogen Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer and George Clooney Green Only Fools And Horses The Archers David Coleman Larry Grayson Taggart The Royle Family Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy True (there is no gravity, so tears cannot flow) The Simpsons Teddy Bear Alabama Minotaur The Netherlands The Bismark The Mafia Cherbourg Ben Nevis The Net Toy Story 2 Paul Nicholas "The Lion King" The Adder 28 Martin Luther King's York Manager of the Spice Girls Cupid Using chopsticks to do it Jaws (in two James Bond films) Dixon - the others are Santa's reindeer Mercury Diet Coke Karaoke October 31st Hammerstein On 11th February 1990, which fam	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,062	Which sailing ship, named after the witch in Burns' poem 'Tam O'Shanter', is preserved in dry dock at Greenwich?	"Fastest Ship in the Tea Trade, Named after a F Leet-Footed Witch" - The Evening Standard (London, England), May 21, 2007 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt THE Cutty Sark is thoughtof as one of Britain's best-loved maritime landmarks, the world's sole surviving tea clipper and a monument to the age of sail. But in her day she had another reputation as one of the fastest vessels around. In the tea trade, speed was all. Getting the first of the new season's tea back from China to London was worth great profits for a clipper's owner and the Cutty Sark was built to win that race. Designed by Hercules Linton, the Cutty Sark was built in 1869 in Dumbarton, Scotland, by the firm Scott & Linton for a captain by the name of Jock "White Hat" Willis and launched in November of that year. She was named after a fleet-footed witch in the old Scottish legend of Tam O'Shanter, which was later turned into a poem by Robert Burns: no-one ever knew the precise reason why. Three years after she was launched she got her chance to prove her speed in 1872 when she was was pitted against the Thermopylae in the annual race back from China. She left Woosung on 17 June and by 7 August she was a good 400 miles ahead of her rival. But bad luck befell her when her rudder broke, and after twice being repaired in heavy seas, she finally limped home on 19 October, 122 days after leaving China and a week behind the Thermopylae. Her captain, George Moodie, retired from his command due to stress, and the Cutty Sark would never come that close to winning the race again. Indeed, she spent more of her life in dry dock than she did as a tea clipper. In all, she made eight voyages to China to bring back tea, but in the end clippers had to give way to steamships, which were narrower and could pass through the newlybuilt Suez Canal. They might not have been quite so fast as the clippers, but they were more reliable, and that was what mattered. The Cutty Sark's speed was still invaluable, however, and after taking various cargoes round the world coal from Japan to China, jute from Manila to New York she entered her most successful phase, working for the Australian wool trade. Despite being halfway through her working life of30 years, she turned in some impressive voyage times: she sailed between London and Sydney in as little as 67 days. Known as the fastest vessel in the business, in 1889 the Cutty Sark was involved in a famous incident involving the crack P&O steamship, the Britannia. The Britannia was doing between 14.5 and 16 knots when the Second Officer, Robert Olivey, noticed a sailing ship passing at 17 knots. He could scarcely contain his astonishment in the log which said: "Sailing ship overhauled and passed us!" But with steamships making inroads into the wool trade, "White Hat" Willis sold the Cutty Sark in 1895 to the Portuguese firm of Ferreira, and she was renamed after the firm. The Ferreira was a regular sight in Rio, New Orleans, Mozambique, Angola and Britain. Still capable of 16 knots, she survived until 1916 when she was dismasted in bad weather off Cape Town. Converted into a barquentine with a fore and aft rig she lasted as a working ship until 1922 when she was badly damaged in a Channel gale. A retired skipper, Wilfred Dowman, saw her when she was being repaired in Falmouth, and decided she should be preserved. He bought her and she became a cadet training ship. The last time she went to sea was in 1936. In 1938, Dowman's widow presented the ship to the Thames Nautical Training School at Greenhithe. … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details	the boy stood on the burning deck The explosion of L'Orient during the Battle of the Nile By English painter George Arnald (1763-1841). The poem 'Casabianca' was written by Mrs. Felicia Dorothea Hemans. It starts out with the well known line, "the boy stood on the burning deck". The story relates to an extraordinary incident of devotion and heroism witnessed during the Battle of the Nile. It was on the evening of July 28 of 1798 that the English naval squadron under Lord Nelson sailed in. They had caught the French fleet at anchor and unprepared. The French flagship was the L'Orient and it soon found itself flanked by English ships attacking from both sides. A fierce battle was soon raging and the flashes of 2000 guns lit up the ships in the gathering darkness. L'Orient was caught by the English broadsides and was set ablaze. It was then that the English sailors saw an amazing sight. There on that burning deck they saw a boy standing alone. He was Cassabianca, the 12 year old son of one of the ship's officers. There he stood, alone at his post. He was surrounded by flames and facing the astonished English foe. Soon afterwards the fire reached the powder magazine deep down in the hold. The boy perished when the whole ship erupted in a massive explosion. The sound of Lï¿½Orient blowing up was heard at Rosetta 20 miles away. And the glow of the fireball was seen in Alexandria. It was an enormous explosion of a magnitude rarely seen back in those times. The English sailors stood in awe at what they had just witnessed. For some twenty minutes the guns were silent. The English officers and men were absolutely horrified at the carnage that had taken place. They sent a ship to rescue the survivors from the water. About 70 French sailors were saved. The account of that boy who stood on that burning deck was told and retold. Eventually it passed on into legend. The story remains a classic example of devotion and faithful service. And the poem continues to serve as a source of inspiration and wonder for many throughout Christendom. That boy who stayed at his post on that burning deck has not been forgotten. And the story of his heroic stand is remembered right up to the present day. Casabianca The boy stood on the burning deck Whence all but he had fled; The flame that lit the battle's wreck Shone round him o'er the dead. Yet beautiful and bright he stood, As born to rule the storm; A creature of heroic blood, A proud, though childlike form. The flames roll'd on...he would not go Without his father's word; That father, faint in death below, His voice no longer heard. He call'd aloud..."Say, father, say If yet my task is done!" He knew not that the chieftain lay Unconscious of his son. "Speak, father!" once again he cried "If I may yet be gone!" And but the booming shots replied, And fast the flames roll'd on. Upon his brow he felt their breath, And in his waving hair, And looked from that lone post of death, In still yet brave despair; And shouted but one more aloud, "My father, must I stay?" While o'er him fast, through sail and shroud The wreathing fires made way, They wrapt the ship in splendour wild, They caught the flag on high, And stream'd above the gallant child, Like banners in the sky. There came a burst of thunder sound... The boy-oh! where was he? Ask of the winds that far around With fragments strewed the sea. With mast, and helm, and pennon fair, That well had borne their part; But the noblest thing which perished there Was that young faithful heart. Author: Mrs. Felicia Dorothea Hemans	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,063	What German pharmaceuticals corporation developed the first Aspirin medication in 1897, and retains the trademark in much of the world today?	Aspirin History - Invention of Aspirin aspirin in 1897 Function: noun / as-pi-rin / originally a trademark Definition: Since 1899, acetylsalicylic acid has attained a leading position world-wide in the prescription-free therapy of painful, feverish and inflammatory states. Patent: 644,077 (US) issued February 27, 1900 Inventor: Felix Hoffmann Criteria: First to patent. First practical. Entrepreneur. Birth: January 21 1868 in Ludwigsburg, Germany Death: February 8 1946 in Switzerland Nationality: German Milestones: BC 400 Hippocrates prescribes the bark and leaves of the willow tree to relieve pain and fever AD 1832 French chemist named Charles Gergardt experiments with salicin and creates salicylic acid 1897 Felix Hoffmann, studied Gerhardt's experiments and "rediscovered" acetylsalicylic acid 1899 Bayer distributes aspirin powder to physicians to give to their patients 1900 Bayer introduces aspirin in water-soluble tablets - the first medication to be sold in this form. 1915 Aspirin becomes available without a prescription. Manufactured in tablet form. 1948 Dr. Lawrence Craven, a California notices that aspirin reduced the risk of a heart attack. 1971 John Vane conceived that aspirin might work by inhibiting the generation of prostaglandins. CAPs: Aspirin, Felix Hoffmann, John Vane, Dr. Lawrence Craven, Hippocrates, Arthur Eichengru, Charles Gergardt, Bayer, German SIPs: asprin, acetylsalicylic acid, invention, history, inventor of, history of, who invented, invention of, fascinating facts. The Story: The effects of aspirin-like substances have been known since the ancient Romans recorded the use of the willow bark as a fever fighter. The leaves and bark of the willow tree contain a substance called salicin, a naturally occurring compound similar to acetylsalicylic acid, the chemical name for aspirin. Even as far back as 400 B.C. Hippocrates recommended a tea made from yellow leaves. It wasn't until the 1800's that scientists discovered what was in the willow tree that relieved pain and reduced fever. The substance was named salicylic acid. But when people suffering from pain took the salicylic acid, it caused sever stomach and mouth irritation. In 1832, a thirty-seven-year-old French chemist named Charles Gergardt mixed another chemical with the acid and produced good results, but the procedure was difficult and took a lot of time. Gerhardt decided the new compound wasn't practial, so he set aside. Sixty-five-years later a German chemist, Felix Hoffmann, was searching for something to relieve his father's arthritis. He studied Gerhardt's experiments and "rediscovered" acetylsalicylic acid--or aspirin, as we now know it. Dr. Lawrence Craven, a California general practitioner, in 1948, notices that the 400 men he prescribed aspirin to hadn't suffered any heart attacks. He regularly recommends to all patients and colleagues that "an aspirin a day" could dramatically reduce the risk of heart attack. In 1971 John Vane began his work on aspirin. Over a weekend he conceived the notion that the mysterious drug might work by inhibiting the generation of prostaglandins. He turned again to his bioassay system for the answer and within a few days he had convinced himself and his colleagues that this indeed was the missing mechanism of action. TO LEARN MORE	Business Quiz (Part 5) - Business Quiz Questions and Answers Business Quiz (Part 5) - Business Quiz Questions and Answers Last updated on 30 Sep, 2010 by Editor This is 5th part of the business quiz series of business questions and answers. These are all the business quiz questions added so far with answers. This business quiz is being provided to with an emphasis on the international business brands, taglines of multinational companies, airlines & different countries. It is a very nice collection of business quiz questions & answers. If you have more questions and answers to be added to this business quiz, then you are most welcome to share them in your comments. Business Quiz Questions and Answers (Part 5) Question: Which company built the WW2 Spitfire? Answer: Supermarine. The fighter pilots of Britain’s RAF won the Battle of Britain in 1940 by a narrow margin. The quality of their solidly built Hawker Hurricane and speedy Supermarine Spitfire interceptors was one vital factor. Question: It is made from thermo-plastic paper and the manilla hemp used to make rope, it is designed to withstand boiling water, what is it? Answer: A teabag Question: Two South American countries were members of OPEC (the organisation of petroleum exporting countries). Venezuela is still one. What was the other? Answer: Ecuador (they joined in 1973 and left in 1992). Question: What colour is the M on the Mcdonald’s logo? Answer: Yellow Question: Which popular children's toy originated as a weapon and was once known as the bandalore? Answer: Yo-Yo Question: What name is California's Santa Clara County, the heartland of the US Computer Industry, more commonly called? Answer: Silicon valley Question: Which two airlines have gone into partnership to become the largest airline in Europe? Answer: Air France and KLM Question: What was Mr. Ferrari's first name? Answer: Enzo Question: Which Airline owned the Plane that blew up over Lockerbie in 1988? Answer: Pan Am. On December 21 a terrorist bomb exploded in a Pan-Am aircraft flying from Frankfurt to New York, via London. Question: Yoshida Kogyo Kabushibibaisha or YKK for short appears on nearly every what? Answer: Zip Question: What is the name of the railway that was opened in 1901 and runs from Moscow to Vladisvostok? Answer: Trans-Siberian Railway Question: Which company owned the ill-fated Titanic? Answer: White Star line Question: Which car manufacture makes the engine for the Mclaren F1 team? Answer: Mercedes Benz Question: Which country does Red Stripe lager come from? Answer: Jamaica Question: Vespa and Lambretta are famous manufacturers of what? Answer: Scooters Question: Which formula one driver is the owner of the luxurious Columbus Hotel in Monaco? Answer: David Coulthard Question: Which vehicle did J C Bamford give his name to? Answer: JCB digger Question: What did Harry Beck design in 1931 which is still used in London today? Answer: The map of the London Tube system (the Underground) Question: Founded in Canada in 1971, and now with its headquarters in Amsterdam, what was the original aim of the environmental organization Greenpeace? Answer: To oppose U.S. nuclear testing in Alaska Question: Which cosmetics and perfume company was originally named The California Perfume Co? Answer: Avon Question: What make and model of car was John F Kennedy in when assassinated in 1963? Answer: Lincoln Continental	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,064	Who created The Office and Extras with Ricky Gervais?	Extras (TV Series 2005–2007) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Andy Millman is an actor with ambition and a script. Reduced to working as an extra with a useless agent, Andy's attempts to boost his career invariably end in failure and embarrassment. Stars: Andy is unhappy with the fame he has achieved. When a new agent approaches him, Andy fires Darren and quits 'When The Whistle Blows'. Meanwhile, Maggie has hit rock bottom, having given up working as... 9.0 Andy and Maggie work on a Holocaust film that stars Kate Winslet. 8.9 First comes the success, then the backlash and the British press aren't about to change the rules. Andy has incurred their wrath and needs an experienced P.R. guru to help him. On the set of his new ... 8.8 Check out India Spotlight Related News a list of 30 titles created 18 Feb 2011 a list of 28 titles created 22 Dec 2013 a list of 28 titles created 21 May 2014 a list of 44 titles created 15 Aug 2015 a list of 22 titles created 1 month ago Search for " Extras " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 1 Golden Globe. Another 13 wins & 45 nominations. See more awards » Photos The story of an office that faces closure when the company decides to downsize its branches. A documentary film crew follow staff and the manager Brent as they continue their daily lives. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Martin Freeman, Mackenzie Crook Derek is a loyal nursing home care assistant who sees only the good in his quirky co-workers as they struggle against prejudice and shrinking budgets to care for their elderly residents. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Kerry Godliman, David Earl The show centers on Warwick Davis in his day-to-day life, complete with the frustrations he faces. Stars: Warwick Davis, Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant Brit Karl Pilkington has led a sheltered life. Not having done any traveling, he enjoys living within the comforts of what he knows, basically that being what is purely British. As such, ... See full summary » Stars: Karl Pilkington, Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant Alan Partridge a failed television presenter whose previous exploits had featured in the chat-show parody Knowing Me, Knowing You with Alan Partridge, and who is now presenting a programed on local radio in Norwich. Stars: Steve Coogan, Phil Cornwell, Simon Greenall Follows four friends and their antics during their final years of school. Stars: Simon Bird, James Buckley, Blake Harrison Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant talk to Karl Pilkington about important things in life whilst Karl provides anything but intelligent answers. Comedy at its finest with wonderful animation. Stars: Ricky Gervais, Stephen Merchant, Karl Pilkington Mark and Jez are a couple of twenty-something roommates who have nothing in common - except for the fact that their lives are anything but normal. Mayhem ensues as the pair strive to cope with day-to-day life. Stars: David Mitchell, Robert Webb, Matt King Friends Tim and Daisy, 20-something North Londoners with uncertain futures, must pretend to be a couple to live in the only apartment they can afford. Stars: Jessica Hynes, Simon Pegg, Julia Deakin The comedic adventures of a rag-tag group of technical support workers at a large corporation. Stars: Chris O'Dowd, Richard Ayoade, Katherine Parkinson Karl is faced with the different aspects of life by travelling around the world and discovering how different people face life's challenges. Stars: Karl Pilkington, John Montgomery, Richard Yee Hotel owner Basil Fawlty's incompetence, short fuse, and arrogance form a combination that ensures accidents and trouble are never far away. Stars: John Cleese, Prunella Scales, Andrew Sachs Edit Storyline Andy Millman is an actor with ambition and a script. Reduced to wor	Adrian Edmondson \| The young ones Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia The young ones Wiki Jennifer Saunders (m. 1985-present, 3 daughters) Adrian Charles "Ade" Edmondson (born 24 January 1957) is an English comic actor, writer, musician, television presenter and director. He came to prominence in the early 1980s and was part of the alternative comedy boom. He is probably best known for his comedic roles in the television series The Young Ones (1982–1984) and Bottom (1991–2003), for which he also wrote together with his long-time collaborative partner Rik Mayall . Edmondson also appeared in the The Comic Strip Presents... series of films throughout the 1980s and 90s. For one episode of this he created the spoof heavy metal band Bad News , and for another he played his nihilistic alter-ego Eddie Monsoon, an offensive South African television star. He played the lead role in the 1985 spin-off feature film, The Supergrass. In the 2000s Edmondson appeared in numerous TV programmes in more serious drama roles including Jonathan Creek, Holby City, Miss Austen Regrets, as himself on Hell's Kitchen and created the sitcom Teenage Kicks . Edmondson has been married to fellow comedian Jennifer Saunders since 1985 and they have three daughters. He lives in Devon and London. Contents Edit Under the name 20th Century Coyote , Edmondson and Rik Mayall became one of the star attractions at The Comedy Store . Mayall told most of the jokes early in their act, and Edmondson would act-up in the background, developing his act to dismantle the club's piano, before he created his own material. As their popularity grew, Edmondson, Mayall, and other upcoming comedians including Nigel Planer , Peter Richardson , Alexei Sayle , and French and Saunders split away from the Comedy Store to set up their own venue: The Comic Strip club. The Comic Strip soon gained a reputation as one of the most popular comedy clubs in London and soon came to the attention of Channel 4 . Edmondson and the others were commissioned to act in six self-contained half-hour films, using the group as comedy actors rather than stand-up performers. The series, entitled The Comic Strip Presents... debuted on 2 November 1982 (the opening night of Channel 4). The first episode to be broadcast was " Five Go Mad in Dorset ", a parody of Enid Blyton 's Famous Five , which drew anger from some viewers for the way it mercilessly satirised a children's classic. Edmondson starred as one of the five. By the same time as The Comic Strip Presents... was being negotiated, the BBC signed up Edmondson, Mayall, Richardson, Planer and Sayle to star in The Young Ones , a sitcom in the same anarchic style as The Comic Strip. (Richardson later decided not to proceed and was replaced by Christopher Ryan .) The show revolved around the shared house where four students lived during their study at Scumbag College . It was noted at the time of its first airing for its violent slapstick, with Edmondson's character as the main instigator, and this is a trait which has stayed with him throughout his career. The series captured public imagination and remains one of Britain's most popular sitcoms. During this time, Edmondson also appeared in a bank advertisement in what was, basically, his " Vyvyan " guise. Following the success of The Comic Strip Presents... and, to a greater extent, The Young Ones, Edmondson and Mayall returned to their "Coyote" dynamic in the double act " The Dangerous Brothers " with Edmondson as "Sir Adrian Dangerous" in Saturday Live (1985–1987). In 1983, he appeared as the lead singer Vim Fuego in the spoof heavy metal band called Bad News , with his Young Ones co-stars Rik Mayall , Nigel Planer and Peter Richardson of "Comic Strip Presents...". On 11 May 1985, Edmondson married his Comic Strip fellow Jennifer Saunders , with whom he has three daughters: Eleanor , Beatrice and Freya. Edmondson's university nickname of "Eddie Monsoon," a play on his surname, inspired the name of Saunders' character, Edina Monsoon on Absolutely Fabulous and his own characters Eddie Catflap ( Filthy Ric	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,065	In medicine, glomerulonephritis affects which part of the body?	Glomerulonephritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Complement levels Treatment Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder, and the type and severity of symptoms. Controlling high blood pressure is usually the most important part of treatment. Medicines that may be prescribed include: Blood pressure drugs, most often angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers Corticosteroids Drugs that suppress the immune system A procedure called plasmapheresis may sometimes be used for glomerulonephritis caused by immune problems. The fluid part of the blood that contains antibodies is removed and replaced with intravenous fluids or donated plasma (that does not contain antibodies). Removing antibodies may reduce inflammation in the kidney tissues. You may need to limit salt, fluids, protein , and other substances. People with this condition should be closely watched for signs of kidney failure. Dialysis or a kidney transplant may eventually be needed. Support Groups You can often ease the stress of illness by joining support groups where members share common experiences and problems. Outlook (Prognosis) If you have nephrotic syndrome and it can be controlled, you may also be able to control other symptoms. If it cannot be controlled, you may develop end-stage kidney disease. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your health care provider if: You have a condition that increases your risk for glomerulonephritis You develop symptoms of glomerulonephritis Prevention Most cases of glomerulonephritis can't be prevented. Some cases may be prevented by avoiding or limiting exposure to organic solvents, mercury , and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Alternative Names Glomerulonephritis - chronic; Chronic nephritis; Glomerular disease; Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - crescentic; Crescentic glomerulonephritis; Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Images Kidney anatomy References Appel GB, Radhakrishnan JAI, D'Agati VD. Secondary glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 32. Cattran DC, Reigh HN. Overview of therapy for glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 33. Nachman PH, Hennette JC, Falk RJ. Primary glomerular disease. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:chap 31. Read More	19 Effects of Diabetes on the Body Cataracts and Glaucoma The Effects of Diabetes on the Body After you eat or drink, your body breaks down the sugars in your blood and turns it into glucose. The glucose travels through your bloodstream and provides your body with energy. To accomplish this, your pancreas needs to produce a hormone called insulin. In a person with diabetes (diabetes mellitus), the pancreas either produces too little insulin or none at all, or the insulin can’t be used effectively. This allows blood glucose levels to rise while the rest of your cells are deprived of much needed energy. This can lead to a wide variety of problems affecting nearly every part of your body. There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an immune system disorder. In Type 1 diabetes, the patient’s own immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, destroying the ability to manufacture insulin. People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin to live. Most people with Type 1 diabetes are diagnosed as children or young adults. The main problem in Type 2 diabetes is the presence of what is called insulin resistance. In this sort of diabetes, the pancreas starts off robust in its production of insulin. However, cells that need energy don’t respond normally to the usual amounts of insulin. The pancreas has to produce much higher levels of the hormone in order to manage blood glucose levels. Over time, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas can burn themselves out due to this overproduction. At this point a person with Type 2 diabetes begins to require insulin medication. However, in earlier phases of this more common type of diabetes, the illness can be effectively managed with diet, exercise, and careful monitoring of blood sugars. Some people with Type 2 diabetes may require a variety of oral medications and eventually, as described above, some will eventually need insulin. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops during pregnancy. Most of the time, gestational diabetes can be controlled through diet and exercise, and it typically resolves after the baby is delivered. Common symptoms of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, and sluggishness. Blood tests will reveal high sugar levels. Endocrine, Excretory, and Digestive Systems Your pancreas produces and releases insulin to help make energy out of sugars. If your pancreas produces little or no insulin, or if your body can’t use it, alternate hormones are used to turn fat into energy. This can create high levels of toxic chemicals, including acids and ketone bodies, which may lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis. This is a serious complication of the disease. Symptoms include extreme thirst, excessive urination, and fatigue. Your breath may have a sweet scent that is caused by the elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood. High blood sugar levels and excess ketones in your urine can confirm diabetic ketoacidosis. Untreated, the condition can lead to loss of consciousness or even death. Diabetes can damage your kidneys, affecting their ability to filter waste products from your blood. Elevated amounts of protein in your urine (microalbuminuria) may be a sign that your kidneys aren’t functioning properly. Kidney disease related to diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. This condition doesn’t show symptoms until it advances to later stages. People with diabetes should be evaluated for nephropathy in order to avoid irreversible kidney damage and kidney failure. Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) occurs in Type 2 diabetes. It involves very high blood glucose levels but without ketones. Symptoms also include dehydration and loss of consciousness. It usually happens to people whose diabetes is undiagnosed or who have not been able to control their diabetes. It can also be caused by heart attack, stroke, or infection. High blood glucose levels can make it hard for your stomach to completely empty (gastroparesis). In turn, the delay causes b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,066	Who has scored the most runs in an innings (380) in tests for Australia?	List of Test cricket records \| International Cricket Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia List of Test cricket records List of Test cricket records 4,660pages on Share Test cricket refers to the form of the sport played by international teams who are Full Members of the International Cricket Council (ICC). Test matches differ from One Day Internationals in that the former consist of two innings per team, and innings are not restricted in terms of overs. Test cricket is a subset of first-class cricket, so statistics and records set in Test matches also count toward first-class records. The duration of Tests, currently limited to five days, has varied through Test history, ranging from three days to timeless matches. The first recognised Test match was played between England and Australia in March 1877; since then there have been nearly 2,000 Tests played by 11 teams. The frequency of Tests has steadily increased partly because of the rise in the number of Test-playing countries, as well as cricket boards' looking to maximise revenue. Cricket is, by its nature, capable of generating large numbers of records and statistics. This list details the most significant team and individual records in Test cricket. The most successful team in Test cricket, in terms of both wins and win percentage, is Australia, having won 332 of their 712 Tests (46.62). Barring the ICC World XI, a rest of world team which played a single Test against Australia in 2005, the least successful team are Bangladesh who have struggled since their introduction to Test cricket in 2000, leading some to question their Test status. Australian Donald Bradman , widely considered the greatest batsman of all time, holds several personal and partnership records. He scored the most runs in a series, has the most double centuries and was a part of the record fifth and sixth wicket partnerships. His most significant record is his batting average of 99.94, considered one of cricket's most famous statistics,it stands nearly 40 runs higher than any other batsman's average. In 1956, England spin bowler Jim Laker took 19 wickets for 90 runs (19-90) which set not only the Test record for best match figures but also the first-class one. Laker's second innings analysis of 10-53 was the first occasion of a bowler taking all ten wickets in a Test match innings and they remain the best innings figures. Indian Leg-spinner Anil Kumble is the only other bowler to have taken 10 wickets in an innings, claiming 10-74 against Pakistan in 1999. West Indies batsman Brian Lara is the holder of the highest individual score in Test cricket, he scored 400 not out against England in 2004 to surpass the innings of 380 by Matthew Hayden six months earlier. Lara had held the record before Hayden, with a score of 375 against England 10 years earlier. The trend of countries to increase the number in Test matches they play means that the aggregate lists are dominated by modern players with many record holders still playing. Sri Lankan spinner Muttiah Muralitharan became the highest Test wicket-taker in December 2007, when he passed Shane Warne 's total of 708 wickets. Within a year, the equivalent batting record of highest run-scorer had also changed hands: Sachin Tendulkar surpassed the tally of 11,953 runs by Brian Lara. The records for most dismissals by a wicket-keeper and catches by a fielder are also held by active players: Mark Boucher and Rahul Dravid respectively. Contents	Greatest Ever:Cricket:Top 10 Batsmen Of All-Time \| Bleacher Report Greatest Ever:Cricket:Top 10 Batsmen Of All-Time Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow 9.2K Comments This is the second installment of my "Greatest Ever" series. The first one was about top 10 wrestlers. Of course, I got a good amount of criticisms which were constructive. Cricket is a very popular sporting event with millions of fans across the globe. As it is a game, it'll have all-time favorites and greatest players. Today, the list I prepared after crossing various hurdles is the Top-Ten Batsmen of all time. I know this is a debatable topic, but according to my experience in cricket (watching, not playing), this list will be the one I'll be opting for. As always, comments are welcome. Here we go... Next » 10. Wally Hammond This English batsman has an exclusive batting average in test cricket and he is one of the notable test batsmen of all time. He could hold the record for highest individual test innings with his outstanding 336 not out which was broken by Len Hutton after five years. He has 22 test centuries. His class would be easily observable if anyone has a look at his first class batting career. He scored over 50,000 runs with 167 centuries in first-class cricket. He could make 22 centuries in test cricket. He also captained England. He played for Gloucestershire in his first class career. 9. Sunil Gavaskar Sunil Gavaskar was one of the best Indian batsmen of all time. Gavaskar was possessed of a classical technique. He had a mind to match, with astonishing powers of concentration. To the purist, it was equally a pleasure to see him leave six outswingers in a row as to observe his cover drive. He was the highest test centurion till 2005 with his 34 test centuries. He has over 10,000 runs in test cricket at an average of 51.12. He has over 3,000 runs in one-day cricket with an average of 35.13. In 1980, he became the Wisden cricketer of the year. For his excellent run scoring ability he was called “Run Machine.” Next » 8. Ricky Ponting One of the all-time best captains in the world.He was and remains the archetypal modern cricketer: he plays all the shots with a full flourish of the bat and knows only to attack. And his breathtaking, dead-eye fielding is a force in the game by itself. He is another known for his captain’s knocks. Apart from being a stylish batsman, he holds an average of 58, scoring over 10,000 runs. Next » 7. Sir Jack Hobbs Sir Jack Hobbs is Renowned as a very modest and self-effacing man, he was popularly referred to as "The Master". As a batsman, he scored more runs and more centuries in first-class cricket than any other player in the history of the game. He was the only English cricketer and the only opening batsman to be selected as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the [20th] Century. He had played 61 Test matches between 1908 and 1930, with a career batting average in first-class cricket of 50.70. His record in the First class cricket remains unbreakable as he scored over 60,000 runs. He also took 108 wickets. Next » 6.Allan Border Allan Border was the former captain of Australia and is the first batsman in the test cricket to score 11000. He is one of the best batsmen in test cricket history. He scored 11174 runs with an average of 50.56. His performance against West Indies, the then leading cricket power of the world, was exclusive one. Though he got many successes throughout his career as a batsman, Australia could set their dominant position during his captaincy. He is regarded as one of the best captains ever for Australia. He led Australia in 93 matches and Australia won their first world cup championship in 1987 under his captaincy. He is also successful in one-day cricket with his bat. He scored over 6000 runs at an average of 30.62 with three centuries. The award for Australian player of the year has been named after Allan Border. He is now a member of Australian cricket hall of Fame. Next » 5.Sir Vivian Richards Considered to be one of the finest batsmen of all time, he was also a part time off	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,067	Which European country saw one of the major avalanches of the 20th century in December 1916?	Money and Power: America and Europe in the 20th Century \| History Today Money and Power: America and Europe in the 20th Century USA , Europe Political , Economic History Money makes the world go around: Kathleen Burk looks at how the Yankee dollar transferred influence from the Old World to the New. The international power of the United States in the twentieth century has been grounded in its economic strength. In 1900, even before the US had much of an army, it was perceived as a power and a future great power. By 1920 it was the supreme financial power in the world, having displaced Great Britain during the First World War. By 1945 it was virtually the only financial power, most others having been devastated by the Second World War. By 1985 it had lost its position as supreme financial power, with Japan succeeding to the crown. It had been a short but action-packed reign. The economic power of the US, as of any country, can be difficult to pin down. Power to do what? After all, economic power is not necessarily transferable to other realms. Power exercised by whom? Does the term 'financial power' refer to private money controlled by bankers and private investors, or public money controlled by governments? Indeed, does 'financial power' exist if abundant private money cannot be directed according to government policy? Certainly these are important questions when considering American relations with Europe, because economic relations, economic aid and economic rivalry have been dominant themes. Yet from the beginning of the century until the advent of Lend-Lease in 1940, the years 1917-19 excepted, the only American money available was private money: power arising from a government's ability to disperse cash was not at issue. It is in the post-war period, with foreign aid and contributions to multi-lateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, that this direct governmental pressure becomes possible. But of course, what money can also do is finance an aggressive foreign policy. But here a country needs a will to power and a willingness to accept continuing responsibilities. Only in the post-war period did the US clearly, and more or less steadily, conduct such a foreign and military policy. The fact that she could afford to do so constituted the great difference between the US and the UK, her erstwhile rival and now increasingly- dependent ally. Clear distinctions have to be drawn, therefore, between private and public money, between wartime and peace-time, and between Europe and, for example, Latin America, where American economic power underlay its own informal empire. Within Europe itself, there are distinctions. American relations with the UK are of a different order from those with any other nation. The financial communities, for example, remained close throughout the twentieth century. On the other hand, the trading communities have frequently been great rivals. At the official level, the US saw Britain as a great rival during the whole period from 1.900 to at least 1947: thereafter she gradually took on the colouration of a dependent, a position highlighted if one looks at episodes such as the 1949 devaluation, the Suez crisis, the fight to maintain the pound during the 1960s, or the 1976 IMF crisis. American relations with, for example, France and Germany, have been very different. For a good part of the period, Germany was either an enemy, as during both of the world wars, or a basket case, such as during the Dawes negotiations in 1924 or during the immediate post-Second World War years. Germany's economic miracle and subsequent economic power have meant that Germany could share in the burden of supporting NATO, for example, but she has become increasingly difficult to push around, and lately the American Government has sometimes found this hard to cope with. Nevertheless, Germany since 1945 has never denied the L'S the leadership role it has craved. The same cannot be said for France, which has never acknowledged that the US had any right to tell it what to do. France in her wea	UEFA EURO 2016 - UEFA.com UEFA EURO 2016 To keep your selected team please log in: Log in using your Facebook, Windows Live, Google or Yahoo! account Log in with your UEFA.com account There seems to be a problem with the email you have entered. Please check your address is valid and re-enter. Please choose a password Join the European football family today! Get involved with games, competitions and much more. Standings Hosts - Le Rendez-Vous in France François de La Rochefoucauld's assertion that "everything happens in France" is as true now as it was 350 years ago – global culture, fashion, food and football all have a distinct French accent. Cookie policy © 1998-2017 UEFA. All rights reserved. The UEFA word, the UEFA logo and all marks related to UEFA competitions, are protected by trademarks and/or copyright of UEFA. No use for commercial purposes may be made of such trademarks. Use of UEFA.com signifies your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,068	According to Christian tradition which saint was the mother of the Virgin Mary?	Mary the Blessed Virgin - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online Mary the Blessed Virgin Author and Publisher - Catholic Online Facts Birth: September 8, Nativity of Mary Death: August 15, Assumption of Mary Take the Saints Trivia Quiz now! Mary, also known as St. Mary the Virgin, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Mary, Mary Mother of God or the Virgin Mary is believed by many to be the greatest of all Christian saints. The Virgin Mother "was, after her Son, exalted by divine grace above all angels and men." Mary is venerated with a special cult, called by St. Thomas Aquinas, hyperdulia, as the holiest of all creatures. The main events of her life are celebrated as liturgical feasts of the universal Church. Mary's life and role in the history of salvation is foreshadowed in the Old Testament, while the events of her life are recorded in the New Testament. Traditionally, she was declared the daughter of Sts. Joachim and Anne. Born in Jerusalem, Mary was presented in the Temple and took a vow of virginity. Living in Nazareth, Mary was visited by the archangel Gabriel, who announced to her that she would become the Mother of Jesus, by the Holy Spirit. She became betrothed to St. Joseph and went to visit her cousin, Elizabeth, who was bearing St. John the Baptist. Acknowledged by Elizabeth as the Mother of God, Mary intoned the Magnificat. When Emperor Augustus declared a census throughout the vast Roman Empire, Mary and St. Joseph went to Bethlehem, his city of lineage, as he belonged to the House of David. There Mary gave birth to Jesus and was visited by the Three Kings. Mary and Joseph presented Jesus in the Temple, where St. Simeon rejoiced and Mary received word of sorrows to come later. Warned to flee, St. Joseph and Mary went to Egypt to escape the wrath of King Herod. They remained in Egypt until King Herod died and then returned to Nazareth. Nothing is known of Mary's life during the next years except for a visit to the Temple of Jerusalem, at which time Mary and Joseph sought the young Jesus, who was in the Temple with the learned elders. The first recorded miracle of Jesus was performed at a wedding in Cana, and Mary was instrumental in calling Christ's attention to the need. Mary was present at the Crucifixion in Jerusalem, and there she was given into John the Apostle's care. She was also with the disciples in the days before the Pentecost, and it is believed that she was present at the resurrection and Ascension. No scriptural reference concerns Mary's last years on earth. According to tradition, she went to Ephesus, where she experienced her "dormition." Another tradition states that she remained in Jerusalem. The belief that Mary's body was assumed into heaven is one of the oldest traditions of the Catholic Church. Pope Pius XII declared this belief Catholic dogma in 1950. The four Catholic dogmas are: Mother of God, Perpetual virginity of Mary, the Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary. The feast of the Assumption is celebrated on August 15. The Assumption was the bodily taking up of the Virgin Mary into Heaven at the end of her earthly life. According to Pope Pius XII, the Virgin Mary "having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory." In 1854, Pope Pius IX proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception - that Mary, as the Mother of the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, was free of original sin at the moment of her conception. The feast of the Immaculate Conception is celebrated on December 8. The birthday of Mary is an old feast in the Church, celebrated on September 8, since the seventh century. Other feasts that commemorate events in the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary are listed in the Appendices. Pope Pius XII dedicated the entire human race to Mary in 1944. The Church has long taught that Mary is truly the Mother of God . The Blessed Virgin Mary may be taken as a patroness of any good activity, for she is often cited as the patroness of all humanity. Mary is also associated with protecting many occupations and locations. St. Paul observed that "God	The Adoration of the Magi - by Leonardo Da Vinci The Adoration of the Magi Courtesy of LeonardoDaVinci.net The Adoration of the Magi is an early painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo was given the commission by the Augustinian monks of San Donato a Scopeto in Florence, but departed for Milan the following year, leaving the painting unfinished. It has been in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence since 1670. The Virgin Mary and Child are depicted in the foreground and form a triangular shape with the Magi kneeling in adoration. Behind them is a semicircle of accompanying figures, including what may be a self-portrait of the young Leonardo (on the far right). In the background on the left is the ruin of a pagan building, on which workmen can be seen, apparently repairing it. On the right are men on horseback fighting, and a sketch of a rocky landscape. The ruins are a possible reference to the Basilica of Maxentius, which, according to Medieval legend, the Romans claimed would stand until a virgin gave birth. It is supposed to have collapsed on the night of Christ's birth (in fact it was not even built until a later date). The ruins dominate a preparatory perspective drawing by Leonardo, which also includes the fighting horsemen. The palm tree in the centre has associations with the Virgin Mary, partly due to the phrase 'You are stately as a palm tree' from the Song of Solomon, which is believed to prefigure her. Another aspect of the palm tree can be the usage of the palm tree as a symbol of victory for ancient Rome, whereas in Christianity it is a representation of martyrdom triumph over death so in conclusion we can say that the palm in general represents triumph. The other tree in the painting is from the carob family, the seeds from the tree are used as a unit of measurement. They measure valuable stones and jewels. This tree and its seeds are associated with crowns suggesting Christ as the king of kings or the Virgin as the future Queen of heaven, also that this is nature's gift to the new born Christ. As with Michelangelo 's Doni Tondo the background is probably supposed to represent the Pagan world supplanted by the Christian world, as inaugurated by the events in the foreground. Courtesy of LeonardoDaVinci.net The Adoration of the Magi is perhaps one of Leonardo da Vinci's strangest and most fertile compositions. By combining figures of pleading old men and armed horsemen, he transformed a banal biblical subject into a scene from human history. At the same time, he took the technique of non finito to its extreme. The figures and architectural elements boldly delineated and filled out in earth colors on the five boards that make up this panel anticipate the type of sketchwork that will characterize modern art. This picture is remarkable for its extreme concentration and power. Leornardo's contemporaries erroneously assumed that it was unfinished.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,069	Where was the 2008 Ryder Cup competition held?	LeRoy Neiman to Sign Official 2008 Ryder Cup Artwork at Valhalla Golf Club, Sept. 19 & 20 LeRoy Neiman to Sign Official 2008 Ryder Cup Artwork at Valhalla Golf Club, Sept. 19 & 20 Share Article Famed Sports Artist, LeRoy Neiman, Will Attend the 2008 Ryder Cup in Louisville, Kentucky and Will be Available for a Public Signing in the Main Golf Shop of the Valhalla Golf Club to Sign Official Ryder Cup Artwork. At Valhalla in 2008, the Ryder Cup players are the premier thoroughbreds of the golf world Louisville, KY (PRWEB) September 10, 2008 One of the most prolific and well-known living artists, LeRoy Neiman, who created the 2008 Official Ryder Cup Artwork , will be signing official Ryder Cup posters in the Main Golf Shop at Valhalla on Friday, September 19 and Saturday, September 20 from noon until 1:30pm. The artwork commemorates the 37th Ryder Cup, which will be held September 16-21, 2008 at Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, KY. The original painting by Neiman will also be on display during the Ryder Cup at Cobalt Artworks in Louisville, KY as part of the Leroy Neiman-Five Decades retrospective exhibit highlighting Neiman's remarkable career. Neiman, best known for his brilliantly colored, stunningly energetic paintings of sporting events and leisure activities, has created an image that captures the international flavor of the 2008 renewal of golf's most exciting competition. "At Valhalla in 2008, the Ryder Cup players are the premier thoroughbreds of the golf world," says Neiman. The legendary artist, who resides in New York City, is well-known for his creation of Official Imagery for such diverse events as the 1997 Kentucky Derby, 1998 Breeders' Cup Championship, and the 2000 PGA Championship. How to Obtain Official Ryder Cup Artwork Cobalt Artworks has worked closely with Knoedler Publishing, the prestigious New York firm that has been Mr. Neiman's exclusive art publisher for over 30 years, in the creation and production of the Official Ryder Cup Artwork. Official Ryder Cup posters are offered in two versions and are available for $50 each, a Commemorative hand-signed edition is available for $250 and a special 450-piece signed and numbered limited edition Serigraph is available for $4200. The Ryder Cup collection is complemented with postcard editions that are available for $3.50 each and boxed note card/invitation sets available for $20 each. A wide variety of framing options are also offered. For more information, call (888) 450-2008 or visit http://www.cobaltartworks.com . Neiman's Ryder Cup artwork is available online at http://www.cobaltartworks.com , at the Cobalt Artworks gallery in Louisville, Kentucky and at the Ryder Cup in the Merchandise Tent. Cobalt Artworks will offer extended gallery hours of 10am-8pm during Ryder Cup week. The gallery will showcase the Official Ryder Cup Artwork as well as other unique golf prints from Neiman's personal collection. Also exclusively available through Cobalt Artworks are the extremely limited, triple-signed Ryder Cup prints containing the signatures of U.S. Ryder Cup Captain Paul Azinger, European Ryder Cup Captain Nick Faldo, as well as the artist, LeRoy Neiman. These triple-signed prints will be available for a limited time only. For more information, please contact Cobalt Artworks by calling (888) 450-2008. Captain's Paintings Silent Auction To commemorate the 2008 Ryder Cup and its legendary captains, Paul Azinger and Nick Faldo, LeRoy Neiman has committed his time and talent to immortalize the international golf greats in one-of-a-kind paintings. The original, colorful images of each Ryder Cup Captain are being auctioned off to the highest bidder at http://www.rydercup.com . In partnership with the PGA of America, the proceeds from the two captain's paintings will benefit non-profit organizations including the First Tee of Louisville and the Muhammad Ali Center. Bids on the original Neiman paintings are open to the public and will be accepted through 6pm on Sunday, September 21, 2008. For more information, visit http://www.cobaltartworks.com or call (8	The 2008 Ryder Cup - Team Info See a photo gallery of Monday's press conference "Paul Azinger's passion for the game, his courage to battle back from debilitating disease and his leadership in past Ryder Cups make him the ideal leader to guide the American team in 2008 at Valhalla," said PGA of America President Roger Warren. "Paul is one of the game's biggest supporters of the Ryder Cup and his performances have earned him the respect of his peers as well as many around the world." In 15 career Ryder Cup matches, Azinger, the 1993 PGA Champion, compiled a record of 5-7-3, including a 2-0-2 mark in singles play. Shortly after the 1993 Ryder Cup, Azinger was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in his right shoulder. Azinger overcame his battle with cancer and became a Tour winner for the 12th time in his illustrious career with an emotional victory at the 2000 Sony Open in Hawaii. In his four Ryder Cup appearances, Azinger experienced both highs and lows. His American side tied the Europeans in 1989 (Europe retained the Cup, having won in 1987), won outright in 1991 and 1993 and lost in 2002. In 2002, he was chosen as one of then-captain Curtis Strange's two at-large selections. In 1991 at Kiawah Island, Azinger earned a crucial point in his singles match with Spain's Jose Maria Olazabal, helping the American's to a 14?-13? win. In 2008, Azinger will square off against his ABC golf telecast booth-mate and Ryder Cup rival Nick Faldo, who will captain the Europeans. Arguably the most memorable on-course battle between Azinger and Faldo came in their singles match at the Belfry during the 1993 Ryder Cup. Faldo had a hole-in-one in the match and, despite the fact that the U.S. had picked up enough points to win the cup, the feisty Azinger fought back to earn a half-point. Azinger later joked when NBC Sports showed highlights of that singles duel, "Look at that. I had cancer and he still couldn't beat me." "It will be a good rivalry," Azinger commented, "but it's America vs. Europe not Nick vs. Paul." Azinger even pointed out that he had received a congratulatory text message from his European counterpart two minutes before taking the podium for the captain's selection announcement. Faldo issued a statement immediately following the announcement of Azinger's selection. "I played in three Ryder Cups when Paul was in the opposing side, and for the last two years we have worked together commenting for the ABC network. I feel that we have respect for each other both on and off the course, and I am certain that we will both enjoy the challenge of captaining our respective Teams at Valhalla in just under two years time." Azinger was approached by the PGA of America about the possibility of captaining the U.S. team at the 2004 Ryder Cupï¿½a squad many believed would be captained by Azinger's close friend, the late Payne Stewart, who died in a plane crash shortly after the American's last Ryder Cup win in 1999 at the Country Club in Brookline, Mass. However, Azinger declined. With Azinger at the helm in 2008, the U.S. will be looking for its first Ryder Cup win since 1999. In the last two matches, the U.S. has lost by a record margin of 18?-9? under Hal Sutton at Oakland Hills in 2004 and under Tom Lehman at the K Club in Ireland this past September. Azinger is a native of Holyoke, Mass., and a resident of Bradenton, Fla. He attended Brevard Junior College and Florida State University before turning professional in 1981. He captured his first Tour victory in 1987 and also earned that year's PGA Player of the Year Award. In 1995, he was honored by the Golf Writers Association of America with the Ben Hogan Award, presented to an individual who remains active in golf despite physical handicap or serious illness. Azinger and his wife, Toni, have two daughters: Sarah Jean, 21; and Josie Lynn, 15. Azinger joins a succession of golf's greatest players in the role of Ryder Cup Captain. Walter Hagen, the first Captain in 1927, was followed by such legendary performers as Sam Snead, Ben Hogan, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Tom W	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,070	Name either of the brothers who, according to Anglo- Saxon legend, led the Angle, Saxon, and Jutish armies that conquered the first territories of Britain in the 5th century?	Hengest Privacy Hengest Hengist (or Hengest) and Horsa (or Hors) are figures of Anglo- Saxon , and subsequently British , legend, which records the two as the Germanic brothers who led the Angle, Saxon, and Jutish armies that conquered the first territories of Britain in the 5th century . Hengist , through his son (who varies by source), is traditionally listed as the founder of the Kingdom of Kent. Hengist and Horsa are attested in Bede's 8th-century Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum; in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius; and in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a collection of annals compiled from the end of the 9th century. Geoffrey of Monmouth greatly expanded the story in his influential 12th-century pseudohistory Historia Regum Britanniae, which was adapted into several other languages. As a result, the pair appear in various other later works. Notably, Hengist is also briefly mentioned in the Prose Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century. According to these sources Hengist and Horsa arrived in Britain as mercenaries serving Vortigern, King of the Britons. This event is traditionally recognised as the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain . Sources disagree with whether Hengist was the father or grandfather of Oisc of Kent and Octa of Kent, one of whom succeeded Hengist as king. In the Historia Brittonum Hengist had an unnamed daughter (her name is first given in Historia Regum Britanniae as Rowena) who seduced Vortigern, eventually leading to the Night of the Long Knives when Hengist's men massacred the Britons at a peace accord. While the early sources indicate that Horsa died fighting the Britons, no details are provided about Hengist's death until Geoffrey's Historia , which states that Hengist was beheaded by Eldol, the British duke of Gloucester, and buried in an unlocated mound. A figure named Hengest, who may be identifiable with the leader of British legend, appears in the Finnesburg Fragment and Beowulf. In what is now Northern Germany, horse head gables, or gable signs adorned with two rampant horse figures, were referred to as "Hengist and Hors" up until the late 19th century. Other founding horse-associated twin brothers are attested among various other Germanic peoples, and appear in other Indo-European cultures. As a result, scholars have theorized a pan-Germanic mythological origin for Hengist and Horsa , stemming originally from divine twins found in Proto-Indo-European religion. In older scholarship, the scholar J. R. R. Tolkien and others have argued for a historical basis for Hengist.	Timeline of the Kings & Queens of England There have been 66 monarchs of England and Britain spread over a period of 1500 years. SAXON KINGS EGBERT 827 - 839 Egbert (Ecgherht) was the first monarch to establish a stable and extensive rule over all of Anglo-Saxon England. After returning from exile at the court of Charlemagne in 802, he regained his kingdom of Wessex. Following his conquest of Mercia in 827, he controlled all of England south of the Humber. After further victories in Northumberland and North Wales, he is recognised by the title Bretwalda ( Anglo-Saxon , "ruler of the British". A year before he died aged almost 70, he defeated a combined force of Danes and Cornish at Hingston Down in Cornwall. He is buried at Winchester in Hampshire. AETHELWULF 839-856 King of Wessex , son of Egbert and father of Alfred the Great. In 851 Aethelwulf defeated a Danish army at the battle of Oakley while his eldest son Althelstan fought and beat the Danes at sea off the coast of Kent , in what is believed to be the first naval battle. A highly religous man, Athelwulf travelled to Rome with his son Alfred to see the Pope in 855. AETHELBALD 856 - 860 The eldest son of Aethelwulf, Æthelbald was born around 834. He was crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames in southwest London, after forcing his father to abdicate upon his return from pilgrimage to Rome. Following his fathers death in 858, he married his widowed stepmother Judith, but under pressure from the church the marriage was annulled after only a year. He is buried at Sherbourne Abbey in Dorset . AETHELBERT 860 - 866 Became king following the death of his brother Æthelbald. Like his brother and his father, Aethelbert (pictured to the right) was crowned at Kingston-Upon-Thames. Shortly after his succession a Danish army landed and sacked Winchester before being defeated by the Saxons. In 865 the Viking Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia and swept across England. He is buried at Sherborne Abbey. AETHELRED I 866 - 871 Aethelred succeeded his brother Aethelbert. His reign was one long struggle with the Danes who had occupied York in 866, establishing the Viking kingdom of Yorvik . When the Danish Army moved south Wessex itself was threatened, and so together with his brother Alfred, they fought several battles with the Vikings at Reading, Ashdown and Basing. Aethelred suffered serious injuries during the next major battle at Meretun in Hampshire; he died of his wounds shortly after at Witchampton in Dorset, where he was buried. ALFRED THE GREAT 871 - 899 - son of AETHELWULF Born at Wantage in Berkshire around 849, Alfred was well educated and is said to have visited Rome on two occasions. He had proven himself to be a strong leader in many battles, and as a wise ruler managed to secure five uneasy years of peace with the Danes, before they attacked Wessex again in 877. Alfred was forced to retreat to a small island in the Somerset Levels and it was from here that he masterminded his comeback, perhaps ' burning the cakes ' as a consequence. With major victories at Edington, Rochester and London, Alfred established Saxon Christian rule over first Wessex, and then on to most of England. To secure his hard won boundaries Alfred founded a permanent army and an embryonic Royal Navy. To secure his place in history, he began the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. EDWARD (The Elder) 899 - 924 Succeeded his father Alfred the Great. Edward retook southeast England and the Midlands from the Danes. Following the the death of his sister Aethelflaed of Mercia , Edward unites the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia. In 923, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles record that the Scottish King Constantine II recognises Edward as "father and lord". The following year, Edward is killed in a battle against the Welsh near Chester . His body is returned to Winchester for burial. ATHELSTAN 924 - 939 Son of Edward the Elder, Athelstan extended the boundaries of his kingdom at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. In what is said to be one of the bloodiest battles ever fought on British soil, Athelstan defeated a combined army of Scots	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,071	Where is the Escudo the unit of currency?	Escudo - definition of escudo by The Free Dictionary Escudo - definition of escudo by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/escudo n. pl. es·cu·dos 1. See Table at currency . 2. The former primary unit of currency in Portugal. [Portuguese and Spanish, shield, escudo, from Latin scūtum, shield; see skei- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] escudo n, pl -dos (-dəʊz; Portuguese -ðuʃ) 1. (Currencies) the standard monetary unit of Cape Verde, divided into 100 centavos 2. (Currencies) the former standard monetary unit of Portugal, divided into 100 centavos; replaced by the euro in 2002 3. (Currencies) a former monetary unit of Chile, divided into 100 centesimos 4. (Currencies) an old Spanish silver coin worth 10 reals [C19: Spanish, literally: shield, from Latin scūtum] es•cu•do 1. the basic currency of Portugal, which has a fixed value relative to the euro. 2. the basic monetary unit of Cape Verde. 3. a former monetary unit of Chile and Guinea-Bissau. 4. any of various former gold or silver coins of Spain and Spanish America. [1815–25; < Sp: shield] Portuguese escudo centavo - a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal Portuguese monetary unit - monetary unit in Portugal conto - 1 conto equals 1,000 escudos in Portugal 2. Cape Verde escudo centavo - a fractional monetary unit of several countries: El Salvador and Sao Tome and Principe and Brazil and Argentina and Bolivia and Colombia and Cuba and the Dominican Republic and Ecuador and El Salvador and Guatemala and Honduras and Mexico and Nicaragua and Peru and the Philippines and Portugal Cape Verde monetary unit - monetary unit on Cape Verde Translations escudo [ɛsˈkuːdəʊ] N (escudos (pl)) → escudo m Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: GM to produce Suzuki sport-utility vehicles in Argentina Goldline's sweepstakes, which celebrates the run of Disney's "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides" at Hollywood's historic El Capitan Theatre, has a Grand Prize of an authentic 1792 Peruvian 8 Escudo gold coin with an estimated retail value of approximately $2,800. Old francs, pesetas and drachmas add up for Age Concern A comical thing, adding to this consideration is that it seems it has not been said enough that the ducat or escudo are not worth as much in the fair if they are not worth as much for such and such a place. 12 The value of money Thomas Cook says it will change Austrian schilling, Belgian franc, Finnish mark, French franc, German deutschmark, Greek drachma, Irish punt, Italian lira, Luxembourg franc, Dutch guilder, Portuguese escudo and Spanish peseta notes into sterling between now and the end of February 2002. Don't lose out in the euro paper-chase Walton, the Irishman who secured the winning point for Europe against the US at Oak Hill in 1995, could have sensed it was going to be his day when he found a 500 escudo note on the practice range and then saved himself from a calamity on the opening hole. Golf: Walton takes a Ryd on his luck Historic 1792 Peruvian 8 Escudo Gold Coin to be Given Away in National Sweepstakes - No Purchase Necessary to Win	The News Newspaper - Issue 137 by The News Newspaper - issuu VICTORIA CAR HIRE UK UK Self Drive £99 per week Fully inclusive No hidden extras Delivery & Collection Gatwick Airport only Tel: 0044 1293 432155 Fax: 0044 1293 402600 Issue 137 Mighty “Mouse” in the bullring P5 Fighting bull Ratón kills another would-be bull fighter in Valencia, his third victim DANCE AND DINE - National News A fair for everyone Unlike many small town ferias, the Malaga feria attracts people of all ages. % . The young people cruise the bars, bent on partying, while the older people are content to watch the ( street dancing to typical music and then have a good nosh in one of the city's many excellent TREAT YOURSELF to an organic FISH PEDICURE (no appointment necessary) Probably the best €10 you will ever spend on yourself! 627 428 161 Plaza Olé, Benalmadena Costa (behind Barclays Bank) TEL: 951 773 598 See Page 10 For Our Summer deals UNION JACK REMOVALS ThE ORIgINAL - Established over 30 years National, International & Worldwide shipping world – it ends this Saturday, August 20th. Complete Furniture packages CASA COIN Legal Administration & Rentals Let us take out the stress of Spanish paperwork and bureaucracy We offer long term rental and NIE & Residencia, IBI, Taxes, Self maintenance services with a employment, Conveyancing & wide selection of properties contracts, E121, Interpreting, from €300 - €2000 per month. Vehicle name transfers, Driving licences, Taxes, Wills, plus many 622 303 447 more services all along the coast casacoin@gmail.com & inland. casacoinrentals@gmail.com BEST PRICES & SERVICE! www.casacoin.webs.com ( Private Health Insurance From 49€ per month Funeral Plans Easy payment options, from 53€ per month 952 010 017 www.staysureabroad.com Calle de Marques del Duero 17 San Pedro de Alcántara, Málaga, 29670 Staysure.co.uk Ltd is a FSA regulated company. No. 436804. ASPHALT AND BLOCKPAVING FOR ALL URBANISATIONS ROADS AND PARKING AREAS LAID IN ASPHALT PLUS! CRUSHED CONCRETE FOR ROADS, TRACKS CAR PARKS ETC. LAID & ROLLED 300 ton crushed concrete. Available for road, tracks, carparks, etc. Very good for sub-base, can be supplied laid & rolled. For a good free quote in English ring 637 179 373 or in Spanish 673 250 707 James Ridgley 951 242 873 637 179 373 jrinspain@live.co.uk WEDNESDAY, August 17th 2011 02 n General News Week-long celebrations in the city centre during the day and partying until the early hours at the fairground. Fun and colour with music and dancing, a real taste of Spain, with flamenco dresses, horses and carriages. Starts Friday 12th August until Saturday 20th August. Info from tourist oﬃces and town hall www.thenewsonline.es ON Malaga Feria Photo exhibition with photos from the likes of David Hockney, Francis Bacon & Lucien Freud of people of London, young and old. Fundacion Museo del Grabador, Marbella. Mon & Sat 9-2, Tue - Fri 9-2 and 3-9pm €3 entry (Sat Free) Call 952 765 741 SUMMER WHAT’S Read your favourite news, plus a whole lot more in Lots to do for the kids. Weekly summer camps including golf, tennis, swimming, dancing, outdoor games, working with clay etc Weekly from now until October. €130 per week El Campanario 952 904 233 WORLD Romanians' ICKHAM’S What now? By Kym Wickham k.wickham@thenewsonline.es The scenes in london last week were horrible to watch from here on the news but, for the people there it was absolutely terrifying. Being a londoner myself I cannot understand what would make the people of my own city turn on each other as the true cockney way was to look after your neighbours and never, ever to s**t on your own doorstep. Even hardened criminals would never mess where they ate - it was a hard and fast unwritten rule. Of course, the people who carried out the attacks on property and person are a very small minority of the people of london, most are good kids that are getting a bad press because of them. So what has happened? Well, for a start teachers, parents and the local copper haven’t been able to give you a “clip round the ear” when you are out of order for years. The slightest sma	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,072	Papworth Hospital is in which county?	Papworth Hospital - Cambridgeshire County Council Papworth Hospital Record title Papworth Hospital Recently Papworth has been more associated with cardiothoracic services. However, before the First World War tuberculosis was considered a threat to national efficiency as it killed people during their most working productive years. Social pioneer and physician Sir Pendrill Varrier-Jones founded the Cambridgeshire Tuberculosis Colony in direct response to this national concern. Following research at Cambridge University, Varrier-Jones theorized that alongside treatment, a nourishing diet alongside copious amounts of fresh air was the most effective way to combat the disease. This theory led to the founding of the Papworth Village Settlement. Papworth helped patients with long-term treatment of the disease. Patients had access to financial support and paid work resulting in the successful Papworth Industries, which continued into the late 1950s. These ideals encompassed the ethos Varrier-Jones purported of supporting people back into independent living and rehabilitation. Varrier-Jones sought to establish a working community rather than simply a hospital. The newly formed NHS inherited Papworth Hospital in 1948, and the hospitals medical emphasis has since shifted. Nowadays it has established a reputation for pioneering thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, cardiology and respiratory medicine. Papworth has left an extensive documentary legacy, of papers, publications, photographs, cine film, and in the experiences of those who have lived through and been involved in these developments. Cambridgeshire Archives Service established the Papworth Archives Project with funding from the Wellcome Trust to deal with the extensive documentary heritage. For a more information go to the Papworth Project. Bookmark this page It's good, but… (select a reason) Please select a reason No, because… (select a reason) Please select a reason	Free Flashcards about GK 3 Semantics is the branch of logic concerned with what? Meaning Which Northumberland castle, located between Craster and Embleton, is closely associated with the legend of Guy the Seeker? Dunstanburgh Castle Whose poem is "The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket"? Robert Powell Which poem did Milton write about the drowned fellow poet Edward King? Lycidas What was England's second-largest and second-most commercially important city for the bulk of the 14th century? Norwich Which sea battle was fought on 24 June 1340 as one of the opening salvoes of the 100 Years War? Sluys In which county are Chipchase and Belsay Castles? Northumberland In England, often associated with the wool trade, what European historiography term refers to the entire medieval system of trade and its taxation? Staple The narrator of Anthony Burgess's 'Earthly Powers' is generally held to have been a lampoon or caricature of which real-life author? W Somerset Maugham Maria Edgeworth is a character in which literary work? Castle Rackrent In which play does the line "to thine own self be true" appear? Hamlet In which Graham Greene novel is Scobie a character? The Heart of The Matter Paul Morel is the protagonist of which novel? Sons and Lovers Gerald Crich appears in which DH Lawrence novel? Women In Love Stephen Blackpool is the hero of which Dickens work? Hard Times Which fictitious Northern city is scene of much of the action in 'Hard Times'? Coketown In which novel is Paul Pennyfeather a character? Decline and Fall (Waugh_ In which century was the Sorbonne founded? 13th (1253) Dorothea Brooke appears in which classic novel? Middlemarch In a church, what is the chancel? The space around the altar at the liturgical East end of a church. Give a year in the reign of Philip II (Phillipe Auguste) of France. 1180-1223 Which perfume house introduced the 'Gentleman' brand in 1974? Givenchy Which word can refer to a bomber aircraft, a radio call sign and the Z-Cars code-name? Victor What was Eleanor Thornton the model for in 1911? The Spirit of Ecstasy Liverworts and green leaves are both rich in which vitamin group, including retinol, retinal, retinoic acid? Vitamin A Which Englishman designed the first modern steam turbine in 1884? Parsons Which foodstuff is prepared from Hydrocarbon toluene? Saccharine Which company made the 'Forester' car model? Subaru Which American first used the term 'torpedo' for a naval explosive? Fulton Which element is atomic number 9? Fluorine Highland Dirks and Stilettos are both types of what? Daggers Fish-oils and egg yolk are both rich in which Vitamin? Vitamin D Plasterers and Diggers are both types of what sort of insect? Wasps How long is a vicennial? Every 20 years What name is given to a female badger? Sow If a male cat is a tom, what is a female? Queen A musquash fur comes from which animal? Musk Rat What was unusual about the UK Nobel Prize Winner stamps issued in 2001? Scented What type of animals are cervidae? Deer The first UK self-adhesive stamps depicted what? Cats Gypsum is more correctly known by what chemical name? Hydrated calcium sulphate What is the chemical symbol of promethium? Pm Which Miletus-born Presocratic philosopher is sometimes called 'The Father of Science'? Thales The quagga is a subspecies of which animal? Zebra Which class of subatomic particles is named from the Greek for 'heavy'? Baryons Which Ancient Greek astronomer both discovered the precession of the equinoxes, and may have compiled the first star catalogue? Hipparchus Which kitchen appliance did Denis Papin introduce in 1679? Pressure Cooker Which vitamin deficiency causes beri-beri? B1 Which class of subatomic articles is named from the Greek for 'thick'? Hadrons In which year were self-adhesive stamps introduced to the UK? 2001 Which type of creature has the largest brain relative to body size yet known? Ant Asparagus, leeks and tulips are all part of which plant family? Lily Archangel and Havana Brown are both breeds of what animal? Cat Which mathematician is (possibly fancifully) often credited with inventing roul	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,073	What was Elvis Presley's first No. 1 record in the UK?	Elvis Presley's UK No.1 Albums : Elvis Biography : : 'For Elvis Fans Only' Official Elvis Presley Fan Club Elvis Presley: UK #1 Albums 11 #1 Albums: 1956-2007 1956 In the late spring of 1956 however, the role of leader of the Rock n Roll movement was taken over by Elvis Presley. Elvis looked the part as well and Bill Haley was already in his 30s and never had the sexual attraction of his younger rival. Elvis Presley's first chart album, Rock n Roll also spent just one week at the top in 1956. The first RCA single Heartbreak Hotel established Elvis as an international superstar and by the time he had also had hit singles with Blue Suede Shoes, I Want You I Need You I Love You and the double sided Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel, the first LP was eagerly awaited. When Rock n Roll was finally released it was a compilation of four of the Sun label tracks recorded in 1954/5 but also included a cover of Little Richard's Tutti Fruitti and Carl Perkins Blue Suede Shoes. Despite the LPs impact, entering at no.3 at the beginning of November and one week later, hitting no.1, it only spent a total of seven weeks on the listings and by mid December, it had departed. Top albums of 1956 2 Soundtrack - King And I 3 Soundtrack - Oklahoma 4 Bill Haley & Comets - Rock Around The Clock 5 Frank Sinatra - Songs For Swingin' Lovers 6 Bill Haley & Comets - Rock n Roll Stage Shows 7 Lonnie Donegan - Showcase 8 Elvis Presley - Rock n Roll 9 Mel Torme - At The Crescendo 10 Soundtrack - Eddy Duchin Story 1957 After one week at no.1 with Rock n Roll the previous year, he reached no.3 with its follow up Rock n Roll no.2 featuring both the rockin side of Elvis Rip It Up, Long Tall Sally and Paralysed and his ballads Love me and Old Shep. There was also a compilation LP The Best Of Elvis. He went one place better to end the year at no.2 with Elvis Christmas Album which combined the four tracks from the 'Peace In The Valley' EP, religious gospel collection including the title track, Take My Hand and I Believe, along with recordings of seasonal standards and popular Christmas classics White Christmas, Silent Night, Santa Claus Is Back In Town, Blue Christmas and O Little Town Of Bethlehem. He also achieved his second no.1 LP with the soundtrack to Loving You which spent 3 weeks at no.1 and 10 weeks at no.2, using songs featured in Elvis' second film on one side with new tracks on the other and included the hits (Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear, Party, Got A Lot Of Livin To Do and the title track. 1958 In September, Elvis Presley returned to the top with the soundtrack to his film King Creole. One place lower at no.2 was last year's soundtrack Loving You and a new compilation Elvis Golden Records. King Creole was the last film made by Elvis before entering the US army and also the last in black and white. The songs in the film included the hit singles Hard Headed Woman and the title track and features the Jordanaires on backing vocals, particularly on all the ballads. Elvis Golden Records was one of Rock n Roll's first unashamed greatest hits collection, 14 tracks, 10 of which were US number one singles between 1956 to date. 1959 With Elvis Presley away on military service in the US army, his two 1959 albums both peaked at no.4, A Date With Elvis and Elvis, a reissue of the Rock n Roll LP with 4 extra tracks. A Date With Elvis could also be described as a re-issue of sorts as five of the tracks were from the Sun records era of 1954-1955 including Milkcow Blues Boogie, Good Rockin Tonight, Baby Let's Play House and Blue Moon Of Kentucky, the packaging was a deluxe gatefold sleeve, innovative at the time with photos of Elvis in uniform. 1960 With Elvis' return from the US army with new material, Elvis Is Back not surprisingly, produced another no.1. Elvis had matured whilst away and released an album with a mixture of blues, It Feels So Right and Like A Baby, ballads The Thrill Of Your Love, Soldier Boy and Peggy Lee's Fever, Rock n Roll Dirty Dirty Feeling, a Gospel track I Will Be Home Again along with Such A Night and The Girl Of My Best Friend. Top albums of 1960	Record-Breakers and Trivia - everyHit.com Most Weeks at Number 1 by a Record 18 - by Frankie Laine's "I Believe". It topped the chart on three separate occasions (all in 1953). Most Consecutive Weeks at Number 1 by a Record 16 - by Bryan Adams' "(Everything I Do) I Do It For You" (1991). Longest Time For A Track To Get To Number 1 33 Years, 3 Months, and 27 Days. Tony Christie "(Is This The Way To) Amarillo" first made the Top 40 on w/e 27th Nov 1971 when it peaked at no. 18. Its use by comedian Peter Kaye in various TV performances resulted in a re-release in aid of Comic Relief. That catapulted the track back into the chart - at no. 1 - on w/e 26th Mar 2005. This broke a record set over 18 years previously by Jackie Wilson's "Reet Petite (The Sweetest Girl In Town)". It topped the chart in Dec 1986, 29 Years, 1 Month, and 11 Days after it first entered the chart. The slowest climb to the top in a single spell inside the Top 40 is 13 weeks for Celine Dion's "Think Twice" (Nov 1994 to Feb 1995). Title With Most Weeks At Number One "I Believe" has spent 22 weeks at the top of the chart (18 weeks for Frankie Lane, in three separate visits throughout 1953) and 4 weeks for Robson & Jerome (1995). Runner up is "Unchained Melody" which has spent 18 weeks at the summit by four different artists. Topping The Chart By Different Artists Only one track has topped the chart by four different artists. It is "Unchained Melody". Artists to take it to number one in the UK are: Jimmy Young (1955), Righteous Brothers (as a re-issue in 1990), Robson & Jerome (1995) and Gareth Gates (2002). Four tracks have topped the chart by three different artists. They are: "You'll Never Walk Alone." It topped the chart for: Gerry & Pacemakers (1963), The Crowd (1985) and Robson & Jerome (1996 as a 'triple A-Side' with "What Becomes Of The Broken Hearted" and "Saturday Night At The Movies".) "Spirit In The Sky" - Norman Greenbaum (1970) / Doctor & The Medics (1986) / Gareth Gates featuring The Kumars (2003) "With A Little Help From My Friends" - Joe Cocker (1968) / Wet Wet Wet (1988) / Sam & Mark (2004) "Do They Know It's Christmas?" - Band Aid (1984) / Band Aid II (1989) / Band Aid 20 (2004) Twenty-eight titles have hit the top performed by two different artists: "Answer Me" - David Whitfield / Frankie Laine (both 1953) "Cherry Pink And Apple Blossom White" - Perez Prado / Eddie Calvert (both 1955) "Singing The Blues" - Guy Mitchell / Tommy Steele (both 1957) "Young Love" - Tab Hunter (1957) / Donny Osmond (1973) "Mary's Boy Child" - Harry Belafonte (1957) / Boney M (as a medley with "Oh My Lord" (1978) "This Ole House" Rosemary Clooney (1954) / Shakin' Stevens (1981) "Can't Help Falling In Love" - Elvis Presley (1962) / UB40 (1993) "I Got You Babe" - Sonny & Cher (1965) / UB40 with Chrissie Hynde (1985) "Living Doll" - Cliff Richard & The Drifters (1959) / Cliff Richard & The Young Ones (1986) "Everything I Own" - Ken Boothe (1974) / Boy George (1987) "Dizzy" - Tommy Roe (1969) / Vic Reeves & The Wonder Stuff (1991) "Without You" - Nilsson (1972) / Mariah Carey (1994) "Baby Come Back" - The Equals (1968) / Pato Banton (1994) "I Believe" - Frankie Laine (1953) / Robson & Jerome (1995) "Every Breath You Take" - The Police (1983) / Puff Daddy & Faith Evans (1997) [as "I'll Be Missing You"] "Three Lions" - Baddiel, Skinner & Lightning Seeds (1996) / Baddiel, Skinner & Lightning Seeds (1998) [with revised lyrics as "Three Lions '98"] "Tragedy" - Bee Gees (1979) / Steps (1999) "Barbados" - Typically Tropical (1975) / Vengaboys (1999) [though they changed the location; "(We're Going To) Ibiza"] "Seasons In The Sun" - Terry Jacks Jacks (1974) / Westlife (1999) "When The Going Gets Tough, The Tough Get Going" - Billy Ocean (1986) / Boyzone (1999) "Uptown Girl" - Billy Joel (1983) / Westlife (2001) "Lady Marmalade" - All Saints (1998) / Christina Aguilera with Lil' Kim, Mya & Pink (2001) "Eternal Flame" - The Bangles (1989) / Atomic Kitten (2001) "Mambo No 5" - Lou Bega (1999) / Bob The Builder (2001) "Somethin' Stupid" - Nancy Sinatra & Frank Sin	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,502,074	For what does the letter H stand in the pH scale?	What Does pH Stand For? - Why Is It Called pH? What Does pH Stand For? What Does pH Stand For? What pH Means Litmus paper is a type of pH paper that is used to test the acidity of water-based liquids. David Gould, Getty Images Updated November 30, 2015. Question: What Does pH Stand For? Have you ever wondered what pH stands for or where the term originated? Here is the answer to the question and a look at the history of the pH scale . Answer: pH is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration in a water-based solution. The term "pH" was first described by Danish biochemist Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen in 1909. pH is an abbreviation for "power of hydrogen" where "p" is short for the German word for power, potenz and H is the element symbol for hydrogen . The H is capitalized because it is standard to capitalize element symbols . The abbreviation also works in French, with pouvoir hydrogen translating as "the power of hydrogen". Logarithmic Scale The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that usually runs from 1 to 14. Each whole pH value below 7 (the pH of pure water ) is ten times more acidic than the higher value and each whole pH value above 7 is ten times less acidic than the one below it. For example, a pH of 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than a pH value of 5. continue reading below our video 10 Best Universities in the United States So, a strong acid may have a pH of 1-2, while a strong base may have a pH of 13-14. A pH near 7 is considered to be neutral. Equation for pH pH is the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous (water-based) solution: pH = -log[H+] log is the base 10 logarithm and [H+] is hydrogen ion concentration in the units moles per liter It's important to keep in mind a solution must be aqueous to have a pH. You cannot, for example, calculation pH of vegetable oil or pure ethanol.	What those company initials stand for - CNN.com What those company initials stand for By Ethan Tex, Mental Floss "H" comes from a women's store called Hers and "M" comes from a hunting supplier called Mauritz Widforss. STORY HIGHLIGHTS Ever wonder about the stories behind names like CVS or H&M or IKEA? Pharmacy chain CVS started out as "Consumer Value Stores" IKEA takes first 2 letters from founder's name, second 2 letters from locations H&M comes from first letters of women's store and hunting supplier RELATED TOPICS ( Mental Floss ) -- Dozens of companies use acronyms or initials in their names, but how well do you know what the abbreviated letters mean? Let's take a look at the etymologies behind a few abbreviated company names. 1. CVS Sorry, drugstore fans, there aren't three fat cat pharmacists with these initials running around out there. When the pharmacy chain was founded in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1963, it was known as "Consumer Value Stores." Over time the name became abbreviated to simply CVS. 2. K-Mart Longtime five-and-dime mogul Sebastian S. Kresge opened his first larger store in Garden City, Michigan, in 1962. The store was named K-Mart after him. (Kresge had earned the right to have a store named for him; he opened up his new venture at the tender age of 94.) 3. IKEA The Swedish furniture giant and noted charity takes its name from founder Ingvar Kamprad's initials conjoined with a the first initial of the farm where Kamprad grew up, Elmtaryd, and the parish he calls home, Agunnaryd. 4. DHL In the late 1960s, Larry Hillblom was a broke student at the University of California, Berkeley's law school, so to pick up a bit of extra cash, he would make courier runs from San Francisco. After he finished law school, he decided the courier business was the real racket for him, so he recruited his pals Adrian Dalsey and Robert Lynn to help him with the runs. Although they started out making their delivery trips in a single Plymouth Duster, the company quickly took off, and they named it after their respective last initials. Mental Floss: Mojave Desert's airplane graveyard 5. AT&T No surprises here. The telecom giant sprang to life in 1885 as American Telephone and Telegraph, although it's now legally known as just AT&T. 6. JBL The speaker company is named after its founder, James Bullough Lansing. But if Lansing had kept his original name, the company might have been called Martini Speakers. Lansing was born James Martini in 1902, but when he was 25, he changed his name to James Lansing at the suggestion of the woman who would become his wife. (The martini was already a popular cocktail at the time, and several of Lansing's brothers had also changed their name by shortening it to Martin.) 7. 3M The conglomerate behind Post-It Notes gets its name from its roots as a company that mined stone to make grinding wheels. Since it was located in Two Harbors, Minnesota, the company was known as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, which was later shortened to 3M. 8. BVD The stalwart men's underwear maker was originally founded by a group of New Yorkers named Bradley, Voorhees, and Day to make women's bustles. Eventually the trio branched out into knitted union suits for men, and their wares became so popular that "BVDs" has become a generic term for any underwear. 9. H&M The beloved clothing store began in Sweden in 1947. Founder Erling Persson was only selling women's duds, so he called the store Hennes -- Swedish for "hers." Twenty-one years later, he bought up a hunting supplier called Mauritz Widforss. After the acquisition, Persson branched out into men's clothing and began calling the store Hennes and Mauritz, which eventually became shortened to H&M. 10. A&W Root Beer Roy Allen opened his first root beer stand in Lodi, California, in the summer of 1919, and quickly began expanding to the surrounding areas. Within a year he had partnered with Frank Wright, and the pair christened their flagship product "A&W Root Beer." 11. GEICO The adorable gecko's employer is more formally known as the Government Employees Insuran	trivia_qa.jsonl

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