Split (1)

train · 1.2M rows

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 1.51M	query stringlengths 1 1.82k	positive stringlengths 1 637k ⌀	negative stringlengths 1 978k ⌀	dataset stringclasses 14 values
1,501,775	The internal angles of a pentagon add up to how many degrees?	Interior Angles of Polygons Interior Angles of Polygons An Interior Angle is an angle inside a shape Triangles The Interior Angles of a Triangle add up to 180° Let's try a triangle: It works for this triangle Now tilt a line by 10°: 80° + 70° + 30° = 180° One angle went up by 10°, and the other went down by 10° Quadrilaterals (Squares, etc) (A Quadrilateral has 4 straight sides) Let's try a square: 90° + 90° + 90° + 90° = 360° A Square adds up to 360° Now tilt a line by 10°: 80° + 100° + 90° + 90° = 360° It still adds up to 360° The Interior Angles of a Quadrilateral add up to 360° Because there are 2 triangles in a square ... The interior angles in a triangle add up to 180° ... ... and for the square they add up to 360° ... ... because the square can be made from two triangles! Pentagon A pentagon has 5 sides, and can be made from three triangles, so you know what ... ... its interior angles add up to 3 × 180° = 540° And when it is regular (all angles the same), then each angle is 540° / 5 = 108° (Exercise: make sure each triangle here adds up to 180°, and check that the pentagon's interior angles add up to 540°) The Interior Angles of a Pentagon add up to 540° The General Rule Each time we add a side (triangle to quadrilateral, quadrilateral to pentagon, etc), we add another 180° to the total:	"Masterminds" - Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England), December 27, 2014 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. Which actor starred as detective Magnum PI? 2. Which town in Cornwall has become famous for the number of artists who are based there because of its light? 3. Which Manx rider won five stages in the 2010 tour de France? 4. Which comedian created the characters Stavros, Tory Boy and Loadsamoney? 5. Which famous TV chef played football for Glasgow Rangers FC? 6. In the Thunderbirds TV series, which son piloted Thunderbird Two and dressed in yellow? 7. In the TV series Diagnoses Murder, who plays Dr Mark Sloan? 8. Where is the Royal Regatta held each year on the River Thames? 9. Who was the captain of the 2010 European Ryder cup team? 10. Who won 18 this year's Strictly Come Dancing final? 11. What was the name of her partner? 12. What is the capital city of Spain? 13. What is a Samoyed? 14. How many inches make a yard? 15. Which tree grows the tallest? 16. Where is Angel Falls? 17. What was once known as a love apple? 23 18. What is Cher's real name? 19. What was the name of Lou Reed's band? 20. Who invented the lightning conductor? 21. Where in England according to Bram Stoker did Dracula first set ashore? 22. Which TV detective had a secretary called Miss Lemon? 23. In which film does British rock star David Bowie star as a goblin king? 24. How was entertainer Nicolai Poliakoff better known? 25. True or False: the Kingdom of Bahrain is an island nation? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Newspapers Encyclopedia	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,776	Which tax, levied 1695, abolished 1851, reached its highest level in 1808 when the rate on certain houses was 8/- a year?	Useful dates in British history First recorded sighting of Halley's comet BC55 Aug 27: Caesar's first British expedition (second in BC54) BC49 Jan 10 (of the Roman calendar): Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war BC46 Caesar institutes the Julian calendar by adding 90 days to the end of this year (came into force in January BC45) BC45 Jan 1: The Julian calendar takes effect for the first time BC44 Mar 15: Caesar assassinated in Rome BC27 Jan 16: The title Augustus bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian BC/AD Since the Romans had no zero, there was no year AD0 (see AD525 ) AD43 Roman Conquest of Britain begun by Emperor Claudius ï¿½ Camulodunum (Colchester) captured and becomes first Roman Base in England AD47 Jun: Great fire of Rome, lasted 9 days (Nero fiddles, etc!) AD69 Year of the four emperors in Rome: Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian AD79 Aug 24: (some say Oct 24) Mount Vesuvius erupts ï¿½ the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae are buried in volcanic ash c80ï¿½85 Campaign of Agricola in southern Scotland c85 Battle of Mons Graupius, massive defeat of Caledonians by Roman forces 115 Roman Empire reaches its greatest extent under Trajan 122 Sep: Building of Hadrian's Wall begins (completed AD126) c140 Antonine Wall built in central Scotland (completed circa AD143) c150 Around this time, the Christian churches decided to express their divergence from the Roman system by starting the year on a different date, 25th March (this being the 'date of conception' of Christ in order for his birth to have been on 25th December) ï¿½ see also 1582 180 Beginning of the 'decline of the Roman Empire' (Gibbon) ï¿½ Defeat of Romans in Caledonia ï¿½ they retreat behind Hadrian's Wall 20711 Campaign of Severus in southern Scotland 247 1,000th anniversary of founding of Rome 304 St Alban first Christian martyr in Britain [Bede implies some date between 303 and 313] 321 Emperor Constantine I decrees a day of rest each week in the Roman Empire and calls it 'Sunday' 325 Council of Nicaea establishes basic Christian dogma c350 St Ninian first to preach Christian religion in Scotland, arrives Solway Firth 367 Invasion of northern England by Picts and Scots 406/412 Probable end of Roman military occupation of Britain 418 'The Romans gathered all the gold-hords there were in Britain; some they hid in the earth so that no man might find them, and some they took with them to Gaul' ï¿½ Anglo-Saxon Chronicles c400 ï¿½ c600 Migration and settlement of Angles, Jutes and Saxons 432 St Patrick begins mission to Ireland 449 Beginning of invasions by Jutes, Angles and Saxons ï¿½ Hengist and Horsa invade 'The Angles were invited here by king Vortigern, and they came to Britain in three longships, landing at Ebbesfleet. [He] gave them territory in the southeast of this land on the condition that they fight the Picts. This they did, and had victory wherever they went. Then they sent to Angel and commanded more aid ï¿½ they soon sent hither a greater host to help the others. Then came the men of three Germanic tribes: Old Saxons, Angles and Jutes. Of the Jutes come the people of Kent and the Isle of Wight; of the Old Saxons come the East-Saxons, South-Saxons and West-Saxons; of the Angles come the East Anglians, Middle Anglians, Mercians and all Northumbrians. Their war-leaders were two brothers, Hengist and Horsa ï¿½ first of all they killed and drove away the king's enemies, then later they turned on the king and the British [mid-450s], destroying through fire and the sword's edge.' ï¿½ Anglo-Saxon Chronicles 467 Chinese observe Halley's comet c490 British check Anglo-Saxon advance at siege of Mount Badon (site unknown) date uncertain: other sources say 520 and/or c.495, or simply 'some time in the decade before or after 500' c500 Irish "Scots" arrived in western Scotland 525 (some say in 526, 532 or 534) 'Dennis the Short' (Dionysius Exiguous) calculates the date of the birth	OLD WATERLOO BRIDGE \| Stories Of London OLD WATERLOO BRIDGE DAVE HILL Postcard showing the Old Waterloo Bridge. The bridge was designed by John Rennie of the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817. It was originally a toll bridge. An unusual artistic postcard view of the Old Waterloo Bridge viewed from the south side of the river near to where the National Theatre now stands. The view is upriver to the west and is from the early 1900’s. This was during the heyday of the picture postcard, which was a few years after its introduction. The soaring spires of the National Liberal Club are seen on the right. The Houses of Parliament are seen in the distance on the river’s North Bank, but because of the bends in the river, they appear to be on the South Bank. Initially, the South Bank was to London’s fleshpots once they were outlawed from the City and West End. Later, the South Bank became an industrial site, as indicated by the barges beneath the bridge. Although the river’s barges are now gone, both the National Liberal Club and the Houses of Parliament remain. The tower in front of the Houses of Parliament is one of many shot towers that were once on the South Bank. From the top of the tower liquid lead was dropped into water, forming perfectly spherical lead shot for guns. This shot tower survived the clearance of this area for the temporary installation of the building housing the Festival of Britain in 1951. During the Festival, a radio antenna was mounted atop to broadcast programmes. It was demolished once the Royal Festival Hall , the only permanent building from the Festival, was completed. If one looks closely beneath the clock face of Big Ben, one can see the silhouette of an animal. This was the reflection of the stone lion present above the Red Lion Brewery, which was present on the South Bank at the time. The Lion was cast in nearby Lambeth from Coade stone . This stone was an artificial stone created by Mrs. Eleanor Coade in about 1770. The stone was used widely and is usage may be seen at St. George’s Chapel , Windsor, The Royal Pavilion , Brighton and the Royal Navel College , Greenwich. Coade Stone became obsolete once Portland cement was produced in 1842. The Red Lion Brewery was demolished in 1950 to make way for the Festival buildings The Lion was also removed in 1949 in preparation for the Festival of Britain. It was first moved to Waterloo Station , but was then stored. Apparently, there was some doubt about its future, but eventually it was cleaned of its red paint and installed the south side of Westminster Bridge close to County Hall . The Lion has in fact traveled only about half-a-mile from its original position. Old Waterloo Bridge was built by the engineer John Rennie and was completed in 1817. The bridge was of nine granite arches and was greatly admired. By 1884, problems with the bridge’s foundations had developed. These problems stemmed from the increase in river flow caused by the removal of Old London Bridge in 1831. In 1924 the bridge was closed for several months until a bailey bridge was erected across it. Although London County Council agreed to the construction of a new bridge, its construction was held up as money was tight in the depressed 1930’s. Both Constable (1832) and Monet (1903) have immortalised Old Waterloo Bridge on canvas, as the following collage shows. There were many proposals to replace the old Waterloo bridge, but it was not until 1934 that demolition finally began. The new bridge was planned to be complete by 1940, but this was delayed by the war and the new bridge did not open for traffic until 1942 with the bailey bridge being removed in 1943 after nineteen years of service. According to HP Clunn in his book, The Face of London, published in 1951, parts of the bailey bridge were stored and after D Day transported to the continent where they were available for use when the last bridge across the Rhine (at Remagen) failed. Old Waterloo Bridge with the Bailey Bridge in place The new Waterloo Bridge was completed in 1945 and incidently was the only London bridge to be	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,777	What tool is used to measure atmospheric pressure?	pressure: Tools for Measuring Pressure pressure Tools for Measuring Pressure The instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, the barometer , is calibrated to read zero when there is a complete vacuum; the pressure indicated by the instrument is therefore called absolute pressure. The term "pressure gauge" is commonly applied to the other instruments used for measuring pressure. They are manufactured in a great variety of sizes and types and are employed for recording pressures exerted by substances other than air—water, oil, various gases—registering pressures as low as 13.8×103 N per sq m (2 lb per sq in.) or as high as 13.8×107 N per sq m (10 tons per sq in.) and over (as in hydraulic presses). Some pressure gauges are made to carry out special operations, such as the one used on a portable air compressor. In this case, the gauge acts automatically to stop further operation when the pressure has reached a certain point and to start it up again when compression has fallen off to a certain limit. In general, a gauge consists of a metal tube or diaphragm that becomes distorted when pressure is applied and, by an arrangement of multiplying levers and gears, causes an indicator to register the pressure upon a graduated dial. The Bourdon gauge used to measure steam pressure and vacuum consists essentially of a hollow metal tube closed at one end and bent into a curve, generally elliptic in section. The open end is connected to the boiler. As the pressure inside the tube (from the boiler) increases, the tube tends to straighten out. The closed end is attached to an indicating needle, which registers the extent to which the tube straightens out. For pressure too small to be accurately measured by the Bourdon gauge, the manometer is used. The simplest type of manometer consists of a U tube partially filled with a liquid (i.e., mercury), leaving one end open to the atmosphere and the other end to the source of pressure. If the pressure being measured is greater or less than atmospheric pressure, the liquid in the tube moves accordingly. Pressures up to several million lb per sq in. have been produced in experiments to determine the effect of high pressure on various substances. Sections in this article:	Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer Sphygmomanometer Definition A sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure. It is composes of an inflatable rubber cuff, which is wrapped around the arm. A measuring device indicates the cuff's pressure. A bulb inflates the cuff and a valve releases pressure. A stethoscope is used to listen to arterial blood flow sounds. As the heart beats, blood forced through the arteries cause a rise in pressure, called systolic pressure, followed by a decrease in pressure as the heart's ventricles prepare for another beat. This low pressure is called the diastolic pressure. The sphygmomanometer cuff is inflated to well above expected systolic pressure. As the valve is opened, cuff pressure (slowly) decreases. When the cuff's pressure equals the arterial systolic pressure, blood begins to flow past the cuff, creating blood flow turbulence and audible sounds. Using a stethoscope, these sounds are heard and the cuff's pressure is recorded. The blood flow sounds will continue until the cuff's pressure falls below the arterial diastolic pressure. The pressure when the blood flow sounds stop indicates the diastolic pressure. Systolic and diastolic pressures are commonly stated as systolic 'over' diastolic. For example, 120 over 80. Blood flow sounds are called Korotkoff sounds. Types There are three types of sphygmomanometers. Digital sphygmomanometers are automated, providing blood pressure reading without needing someone to operate the cuff or listen to the blood flow sounds. However digital types are less accurate. Some healthcare providers use digital for screening but use manual sphygmomanometers to validate readings in some situations. Manual sphygmomanometers consist of aneroid (dial) and mercury (column) devices. Operating these aneroid and mercury devices is nearly the same, expect that aneroid devices require periodic calibration. How To Use a Sphygmomanometer Procedures To begin blood pressure measurement, use a properly sized blood pressure cuff. The length of the cuff's bladder should be at least equal to 80% of the circumference of the upper arm. Wrap the cuff around the upper arm with the cuff's lower edge one inch above the antecubital fossa. Lightly press the stethoscope's bell over the brachial artery just below the cuff's edge. Some health care workers have difficulty using the bell in the antecubital fossa, so we suggest using the bell or the diaphragm to measure the blood pressure. Rapidly inflate the cuff to 180mmHg. Release air from the cuff at a moderate rate (3mm/sec). Listen with the stethoscope and simultaneously observe the dial or mercury gauge. The first knocking sound (Korotkoff) is the subject's systolic pressure. When the knocking sound disappears, that is the diastolic pressure (such as 120/80). Record the pressure in both arms and note the difference; also record the subject's position (supine), which arm was used, and the cuff size (small, standard or large adult cuff). If the subject's pressure is elevated, measure blood pressure two additional times, waiting a few minutes between measurements. A BLOOD PRESSURE OF 180/120mmHg OR MORE REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION! Precautions Aneroid and digital manometers may require periodic calibration. Use a larger cuff on obese or heavily muscled subjects. Use a smaller cuff for pediatric patients. For pediatric patients a lower blood pressure may indicate the presence of hypertension. Don't place the cuff over clothing. Flex and support the subject's arm. In some patients the Korotkoff sounds disappear as the systolic pressure is bled down. After an interval, the Korotkoff sounds reappear. This interval is referred to as the "auscultatory gap." This pathophysiologic occurrence can lead to a marked under-estimation of systolic pressure if the cuff pressure is not elevated enough. It is for this reason that the rapid inflation of the blood pressure cuff to 180mmHg was recommended above. The "auscultatory gap" is felt to be associated with carotid atherosclerosis and a decrease in arterial compl	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,778	What is the name of the poltergeist which haunts Hogwarts School in the Harry Potter series of novels?	Poltergeist \| Harry Potter Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia —Description. [src] A poltergeist is an "indestructible spirit of chaos." [1] . They haunt one specific location at time, generally those inhabited by a large number of adolescents [2] , and either "[came] with the building," [3] or chose to enter it at some point. [4] They occasionally haunt the homes of Muggles. [2] They are among the creatures classed as Non-Human Spiritous Apparitions . [5] Poltergeists generally do not have a physical form, with one notable exception being Peeves , the poltergeist that haunts Hogwarts Castle . He is considered "the most notorious and troublesome poltergeist in British history." [2] Contents Nature Abilities Poltergeists can fly and delight in vandalism, malicious mischief, and the general aggravation and embarrassment of living persons. They could unscrew chandeliers, [6] write rude words on chalkboards, [7] throw water balloons at people, [8] throw walking sticks at people, [9] stuff keyholes with chewing gum [10] and other such acts, simply for their amusement. Behaviour Poltergeists are notably unruly and have developed a misconception that there is no way to get rid of a poltergeist once it has moved into a location. [3] [4] More destructive poltergeists who have inhabited a location for a longer period of time are harder to expel, but it is not impossible to do. [2] In more serious cases, some people (notably Albus Dumbledore and the Bloody Baron ) could get the poltergeist to settle down for a while, though it would inevitably start acting up again. [3] Dolores Umbridge claimed that the Minister for Magic could sign an order banning a poltergeist, and once threatened Peeves with this action. However, her statement may reflect her belief in the superiority of wizards in general and the Ministry of Magic in particular, rather than specific knowledge of the nature of poltergeists, and that her efforts would be wasted. Peeves is likely the only known exception to this course of action. [2] Comparison to ghosts Whilst similar, poltergeists differ from ghosts in a number of ways. Firstly, ghosts are incorporeal, whereas the poltergeist, despite not normally having a physical form [2] , is solid enough to move objects with physical force. Poltergeists have never once been living humans either. [1] The latter trait may indicate amortality , the condition of never having died and being unable to die, as one was never alive to start. [11] Poltergeists with form have enough physicality that they can have gum fly up their noses [12] , and they are vulnerable to some of the same hexes as humans, including Langlock . [13] . It's also possible that they can feel pain, but still not be physically injured. Known Poltergeists Peeves Etymology "Poltergeist" comes from the German, poltern, meaning "to make (loud) noise" and geist, meaning "ghost" or "spirit." The German plural form is "Poltergeister." [14] Behind the scenes It may be possible that poltergeists form from (and consequently feed on) the chaos of an area. If so then it may also be possible that - if their home were to be left desolate for long enough - a poltergeist would not die but simply cease to exist, at least until the locale became more active again. Fleur Delacour once stated that if a poltergeist was ever discovered in the Palace of Beauxbatons , it would be immediately expelled. This is impossible, however, as J. K. Rowling has stated a poltergeist cannot be driven by any means, from a location it has decided to haunt. As such, Dolores Umbridge 's request to Cornelius Fudge to sign an Order for the Expulsion of Peeves from Hogwarts was also a complete waste of effort on her part.	Harry Potter - History of the Books Harry Potter Harry Potter – History of the Books Series Overview Collectively, the seven Harry Potter books have sold nearly 500 million copies since the publication of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in 1997, making Harry Potter the bestselling book series of all time. Some estimates suggest that only The Bible and The Red Book have sold more copies than the series. The books have been translated into more than 70 languages, making them some of the most translated works of literature in history. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s/Sorcerer’s Stone J.K. Rowling finished the manuscript for Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone in 1995. Represented by Christopher Little, the manuscript was rejected by dozens of publishers. Editors cited the story’s length and politically incorrect focus on boarding school as reasons for rejection. Bloomsbury eventually acquired the manuscript and ordered an initial print run of 500 hardback copies. Two hundred copies hit store shelves in June of 1997 with the remaining 300 sent to libraries. Later that year, the book earned the UK’s National Book Award and a gold medal in the Nestle Smarties Book Prize. These awards, along with positive reviews and word of mouth, made the book well-known in a matter of months – ensuring it would receive larger additional printings. Within two years of its publication, Philosopher’s Stone had sold more than 300,000 copies in the UK alone. Before Philosopher’s Stone even began to appear in bookshops, several U.S. publishers engaged in a bidding war for its American publishing rights. In April of 1997, Arthur A. Levine from the Scholastic Corporation won the rights for $105,000 – more than Levine had ever paid any author, let alone a first-time novelist. Scholastic replaced the word “philosopher” to “sorcerer” in the title, fearing that American children might be put off by the former. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone debuted in the United States in October of 1998. In December, the book appeared on the New York Times bestseller list for the first time. It remained there, generally in one of the top three slots for 79 consecutive weeks, until the Times created a separate list for children’s book list in 2000. The novel garnered numerous honors in the U.S. including Publisher’s Weekly’s Best Book of 1998 award. As of 2012, Philosopher’s Stone has been translated into 74 languages, including Latin and Ancient Greek. More than 107 million copies of the novel have been sold worldwide. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets The second installment in the Harry Potter series was published on July 2, 1998 in the United Kingdom and June 2, 1999 in the United States. It quickly rose to the top of bestseller lists in both countries and has since been translated into 65 languages. Like its predecessor, Chamber of Secrets won the Nestle Smarties book prize as well as several other honors including the American Library Association’s Best Book for Young Adults, and the first-ever children’s book award from the Scottish Arts Council. As of 2012, the book has sold 77 million copies worldwide and been translated into 72 languages. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Prisoner of Azkaban was published in July of 1999 in the United Kingdom, and three months later in the United States. After the book sold more than 68,000 copies on the first day of its release in the U.K., American publisher Scholastic ordered an initial print run of half a million copies. The novel quickly took the number one spot on the New York Times bestseller list. This accomplishment meant that, for the first time, a third of the prestigious list consisted of children’s books, with Sorcerer’s Stone and Chamber of Secrets finishing out the top three slots. Along with other honors, Prisoner of Azkaban was named the Whitbread Book of the Year for 1999. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Goblet of Fire was released in the United States and the United Kingdom on July 8, 2000. J.K. Rowling originally intended to call the book “Harry Potter and the Doomsp	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,779	Which pop star called one of her children 'Chastity'?	Cher Biography - Birthday, Age and Life Story Cher Biography Cher’s Birthday – May 20, 1946 Place of Birth – El Centro, California As I look upon Cherilyn Sarkisian LaPiere, I see a woman who has led a spectacular life and behind her celebrity status and flawless complexion lies a woman who has experienced a rather eventful past. Better known as Cher, her success in music, movies, television, and on stage has brought her nearly four decades of world recognition. In a career defined as much by dramatic missteps as spectacular recoveries, the chief constant is her seemingly limitless determination. Born in El Centro, California in 1946, Cher was a poor, fatherless child whose eight times-married Mother struggled by on occasional singing gigs and brief movie roles. To Cher this was life and she delighted in watching her mother on stage and living a peaceful life in her family apartment. At sixteen Cher’s dyslexia proved too gruelling and she left school and home to take acting lessons in Los Angeles. To Cher this was a new beginning and the start of a whole new life, she didn’t expect what was to come. At the age of seventeen, Cher will never forget the time she met a man named Sonny. They met at the renowned Aldo’s Coffee Shop, the place where celebrities used to hang out. At that stage Cher was a nobody, unemployed and desperate for work, on the other hand Sonny had established himself as a celebrity and had many previous appearances on Television. Cher soon became attached to Sonny and she moved in with him. The two lived platonically at first, sharing an apartment but sleeping in twin beds. While Sonny progressed as a star, Cher was kept house bound and it wasn’t until Cher’s mother discovered the arrangement and tried to separate them, that the pair rebelled and proclaimed their love. Cher claims in her current Biography “The First Time”, that Sonny Bono was the ultimate love of her life and that the two remained amicable in personal st ruggles and hardships. Cher said, “What you saw on TV with Sonny and Cher was a good representation of our personal life, always laughing and having fun”. Sonny and Cher hit gold with their single, “I’ve got you babe” and furthered their world-wide success with “The Beat Goes On” and “Baby Don’ t Go”. It was Sonny and Cher’s far-out look, with wide colourful pants, skimpy tops, shaggy hair and fur vests, which attracted fans. Cher was deemed as a fashion innovator, a role she has continued with, for better or worse, throughout her career. The happy family portrait presented to America and the world was soon breaking down for Cher. She tells how her daughter Chastity, born in 1969 was affected by intense spotlight and that family life was becoming hectic and unstable . On stage Cher was calm, but backstage was turbulent and Cher felt trapped. Cher states in her biography, “The only way I could continue life happily was to split with Sonny and bring our show to a premature end.” She continues, “This devastated our fans, as well as CBS executives, but it had to be done, I was simply, unhappy with my life.” In the end stardom pulled Cher’s marriage down and the media attention on Cher sky rocketed as she dated new men. Cher now knows that she has made many mistakes in her life. “I was stupid” she said in her biography, “Dumb and stupid!”. Cher had agreed to a second season of Sonny and Cher. Sonny Bono rang Cher constantly to set up a reunion and Cher agreed eventually. Although something was different this time, Cher was married and pregnant to, southern rock great Greg Allman. Intense curiosity sparked huge initial ratings for the new Sonny and Cher Comedy hour, but Cher knew that the show wouldn’t last as ratings dropped every week. Finally in August 1977, after two seasons the show got the ax for good. Cher was still unhappy with her life, she felt tired of what she was doing and wanted more out of life. Her marriage to Allman was a mess as his addictions to booze and heroin ruined their short marriage. By 1979, their marriage was over and Cher was an unemployed 33-year old single mothe	PCD by The Pussycat Dolls on Apple Music 12 Songs Album Review There's a kind of beautifully perverse brilliance to the Pussycat Dolls. Not only are they a sextet who got their start as neo-burlesque dancers in Los Angeles, but they make no bones about being a gleefully manufactured dance-pop act. Open the booklet for their 2005 debut, PCD, and their artificiality is made clear: the first page reads "All lead and background vocals by Nicole Scherzinger," a former member of Eden's Crush, the failed prefab teen pop group assembled on the WB's pre-American Idol reality music show Popstars. There is no pretense that Kimberly, Carmit, Ashley, Melody, and Jessica are there for anything besides filling out the illusion that this is a real performing musical group and providing some serious eye candy for a group that is all about the visuals. The great thing about PCD is that the producers and songwriters behind the album — and, since this is a big-budget urban dance-pop album in the mid-2000s, there are many credited writers and producers — are eager to play with the Pussycat Dolls' hyper-sexual image, creating a sleek, sexy sound ideal for both nightclubs and strip joints across this great land. And, at least at first, the songs are about how irresistibly sexy the Pussycat Dolls are, starting with the genius hit single "Don't Cha," where Nicole and the rest of the Pussycats strut around, taunting a hapless man with such come-ons as "Don't cha wish your girlfriend was hot like me/Don't cha wish your girlfriend was a freak like me." There has never been a sex song quite as knowingly ironic yet undeniably sexy as this, and for a while the album keeps the momentum up, first with will.i.am's "Beep," a rewrite of Black Eyed Peas' "My Humps," except this is funny, not embarrassing, and since Nicole is sexier than the Peas' Fergie, it's also sultrier. Timbaland's "Wait a Minute" is in the same vein and, for a brief moment, it seems like PCD will be that rare thing: a mainstream club/dance album devoted to nothing but dance songs. Then, reality comes crashing in with the fourth song, "Stickwitu," the inevitable romantic slow jam whose sappiness undercuts the joyous carnal celebration of the first three songs. Although the rest of the album has more dance tunes than ballads — and some catchy ones, too, like Beyoncé-styled "I Don't Need a Man" — the album never quite recovers, since the fantasy of a girl group that's only it for the sex, not love, has been ruined. Since that fantasy is the very reason the Pussycat Dolls exist as either a dance troupe or a pop group, it's a bit of a disappointment, but PCD is still worthwhile because there enough good cuts to make it a fun soundtrack to parties or strip clubs, even if there aren't quite enough to make this the camp classic that the beginning of the album suggests it could have been. Customer Reviews by CalenJames This album is awesome. The dance songs: Don't Cha, Beep and Wait a Minute are all unqiue and catchy, sure to be hits! Buttons is one of the sexiest songs ever! Stickwitu, How Many Times, How Many Lies are awesome slow songs! Hot Stuff (Want You Back) is an awesome example of a great cover as is Tainted Love. Bite the Dust, Right Now and Feelin' Good are all great as well! This album is a true pleasure to listen to! The best songs are Buttons,How Many Times, How Many Lies, Beep and Wait a Minute! Make sure you download them! When it's good it's good. When it's bad...it's worse. by Shrinkeh Songs such as Don't Cha, Wait a Minute, I Don't Need a Man (hehe) and Hot Stuff (Want You Back) will be quickly surpassing the Black Eyed Peas on my Top Ten. Catchy beats and nice lyric's, ah, these tracks would make the CD go so much higher if a bunch of nasties wasn't inbetween. There are a few other good ones in there that I haven't purchased yet, because they didn't jump out and throw me against a wall and demand me to buy them. If they extraced the pointless crap, I'm sure they would've had the limelight for longer. Awesome new group!	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,780	In which US State does 'London Bridge' now stand?	History and pictures of London Bridges on the River Thames. London Bridges by Katie Calvert If one counts footbridges (and certainly, one should), more than 100 bridges span the River Thames from beginning to end. Tower Bridge, Millennium Bridge and London Bridge, are widely recognized around the world. London's bridges enable trains, cars, and pedestrians to cross quickly over the River Thames rush hour permitting. While some are celebrated in nursery rhymes or captured as backdrops in travelers' photographs, each London bridge has a unique history. Let's take a brief look at several of London's bridges. London Bridge A London Bridge has existed in more or less the same spot for almost 2,000 years. And just as the nursery rhyme explains, it kept falling down. The Romans built the first bridge shortly after they set up camp in London in 46 AD. Constructed out of wood, early versions of London Bridge were susceptible to fire, storms, and occasional invading armies. The first stone bridge was completed after 33 years of construction in 1209. King John was on the throne, and he permitted houses and shops as well as St. Thomas à Becket Chapel to be built on the span. A drawbridge permitted maritime passage. To secure the bridge at night, a gate was installed at both ends. It was from the southern gatehouse that the severed heads of traitors were displayed for macabre enjoyment and royal warning. William Wallace and Sir Thomas More were among the traitors so honored. The stone bridge lasted over 600 years and was finally put out of commission in 1831. Its replacement was not so durable (foundation problems caused it to sink over the years), and that London Bridge was sold to American Robert McCulloch, who had it taken down and then reconstructed in Lake Havasu , Arizona, in the United States where the bridge has been a successful tourist attraction since its opening in 1971. The current London Bridge was formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1973. It accommodates both vehicles and pedestrians. Tower Bridge This bridge is so popular that some people think that it is actually London Bridge. Perhaps the most-photographed of all of London's bridges, Tower Bridge is comparatively young—it went into service in June 1894. A busy port and docks east of London Bridge necessitated another span across the Thames, but it would take years of discussion, an open design competition, and eight years of construction to make Tower Bridge a reality. Tower Bridge is a bascule (the word means see-saw or rocker in French) bridge; the engineering design enables the bridge to be quickly raised to accommodate the passage of ships below. The Tower Bridge Exhibition (admission is charged) lets visitors see the original engine rooms; the exhibition uses photos, drawings, movies, and animatronics figures to describe the project's history and engineering. Visitors can walk across the high walkways and enjoy the magnificent views—remember to take your camera. It is the bridges proximity to the Tower of London that gives it its name, though you wouldn't be faulted for thinking that the twin tower design was responsible for the moniker. Millennium Bridge London's pedestrian-only Millennium Bridge—linking St. Paul's Cathedral to Tate Modern, Bankside—opened to great fanfare in June 2000. The steel suspension bridge was closed just days later. The problem—it wobbled . The designers had not allowed for the effect of large numbers of people walking across the span at the same time. So all the officials had to do was fork out a few million more pounds and spend almost two years correcting the mistake, and violà, London has one of its newest and most contemporary bridges. Westminster Bridge Westminster Bridge connects Westminster and Lambeth. Made of wrought iron, the current bridge was opened in 1862 (it replaced a notoriously wobbly and dangerous overpass that opened in 1750) and is London's oldest bridge . Open to both vehicles and pedestrians, the bridge matches some of the Gothic detailing of the nearby Houses of Parliament. Westminster Bridge is	South Carolina State Facts - 50States.com South Dakota South Carolina Facts and Trivia Campbell's Covered Bridge built in 1909, is the only remaining covered bridge in South Carolina. Off Hwy 14 near Gowensville. The salamander was given the honor of official state amphibian. The walls of the American fort on Sullivan Island, in Charleston Harbor, were made of spongy Palmetto logs. This was helpful in protecting the fort because the British cannonballs bounced off the logs. The City of Myrtle Beach is in the center of the Grand Strand, a 60-mile crescent of beach on the South Carolina coast. In the last 25 years, Myrtle Beach has developed into the premier resort destination on the East Coast. South Carolina entered the Union on May 23, 1788 and became the 8th state. David Robert Coker (1870-1938) conducted his early crop-improvement experiments on the family plantation in Hartsville. Beginning with 30 experimental cotton selections and methodically applying the latest techniques in the scientific breeding of crops, the work of Coker Experimental Farms played a great role in the agricultural revolution in the South. The state dance of South Carolina is the Shag! The first battle of the Civil War took place at Fort Sumter. South Carolina is the nation's leading peach producer and shipper east of the Mississippi River. Before being known as the Palmetto State, South Carolina was known as, and had emblazoned on their license plates, the Iodine State. The only major league baseball player to wear the name of his hometown on his uniform was pitcher Bill Voiselle. He wore number 96. The Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame features champion thoroughbred flat racers and steeplechase horses trained in Aiken. The Black River Swamp Preserve is located near Andrews. This slow-moving river is characterized by high concentrations of organic carbon, which accounts for the tea-colored water and gives rise to the diverse habitats in its widespread floodplain. Batesburg-Leesville is home to the annual South Carolina Poultry Festival held in early May. South Carolina's smallest county is McCormick at 360 square miles while the largest county is Horry at 1,134 square miles A noble Catawba Indian who befriended early Camden settlers, King Haiglar is often called "The Patron Saint of Camden." Today, he reigns over Camden in the form of a life-sized weather vane which graces the tower of what once was the circa-1886 Opera House. Chapin is known as the Capital of Lake Murray. Sumter has the largest Gingko farm in the world. Stretching 60 miles from Little River to Georgetown, South Carolina's Grand Strand is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the United States. The Stumphouse Mountain Tunnel was started in 1856 by a railroad company and is bored for more than a mile into the granite heart of fabled Stumphouse Mountain. The coming of the Civil War in 1859 ended the work on the project. Some years ago, Clemson University made Blue Mold Cheese in the tunnel successfully for the first time in the South. Tyler Brothers Work Shoe and Boot Company in Wagener produces 8 major brands of OSHA approved safety footwear, including such famous brands as Redwing, Georgia, Northlake, and Wolverine. The Board of Public Works in Gaffney built an elevated water storage tank in the shape of a peach in 1981. The Edisto River Canoe & Kayak Trail covers 66 miles of the river for which it's named. The Edisto is reputed to be the world's longest free-flowing "blackwater" stream. "Blackwater" is a term that not only describes the color of the tannin-rich water, but also refers to the peaceful rate of flow that characterizes such rivers. The Argent train Engine No. 7 was donated to the town of Hardeeville upon the closing of the Argent Lumber Company. This narrow gauge train is a rarity and attracts many people from across the nation. The first boll weevil found in South Carolina is on display at the Pendleton District Agricultural Museum. Duncan Park Baseball Stadium in Spartanburg is the oldest minor league stadium in the nation. Every few years, Irmo has a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,781	What is the name in U.S. given to a distiller of illegal spirits	White-Collar Moonshine - Chowhound White-Collar Moonshine By Lessley Anderson , published on Friday, March 2, 2007 / Edit Post When he gets off work, John Sherwood, 28, makes whiskey. The culinary school graduate and café manager buys a type of processed corn at a home-brewing store, ferments it with water and yeast, and runs this “mash” through a still. He barrels the resulting corn liquor to age. He’s accumulated 20 gallons that he hopes will be transformed from hootch to mellow whiskey by New Year’s Eve 2009. “I want to make a quality, higher-end whiskey—not like Jack Daniel’s ,” says Sherwood, who, like the other home distillers interviewed for this story, asked that his real name and that of the large Northern California city in which he lives not be used, for fear of federal prosecution. This moonshine still was bought legally and can be used for distilling water or essential oils. view larger image Moonshining , the criminal act of distilling your own spirits, is typically associated with hillbilly rebels from the rural South or bathtub-gin swillers from Gatsby -era Prohibition. But recently, distilling’s become the hobby du jour of urban dwellers with a geeky interest in fine food and drink. Gone are the days of using a car radiator as a condenser and a campfire as your heat source. Many of today’s yuppie moonshiners buy their stills online, and learn how to use them from friends, Web-based forums, and small-press books. And though corn liquor is still a classic, felonious foodies are experimenting with everything from brandy to absinthe. For example, in Berkeley, California, musician Allan Crown, 48, spikes his after-dinner espresso with grappa he distilled from grape seeds and skins left over from a friend’s winemaking. “We go to these conferences on distilling at Cornell University Cooperative Extension , geared towards commercial distillers and labs, but you’ll get these [moonshiners] who are dedicated, bordering on fanatical, just doing it at home. They’ll come up and want to tell me all about what they’re making,” says Ralph Erenzo, who along with co-owner Brian Lee runs craft whiskey distillery Tuthilltown Spirits , of Gardiner, New York. “They’re coming up with very interesting things.” Carl Pincher, 50, the Chicago owner of a manufacturing company, is one such tinkerer. Along with cutting-edge home gastronomic projects, like slow-cooking meat sous-vide, he makes his own Calvados, an apple brandy, using a still he created from a 32-quart pot. Taking advantage of tips on the Internet and from a friend in Alsace , France, who makes cherry schnapps (also illegally), Pincher learned how to mash fresh apples, make hard cider out of them, and distill the cider. He’s begun adding his own twist: frozen apple juice from the grocery store mixed in for more apple flavor. “I’m sure that in a few more years I’ll say, ‘I really make something nice and drinkable,’” says Pincher. “But right now I’m just dabbling.” A Wild Past Although the new breed of moonshiners is more likely to stockpile back issues of The New Yorker than firearms, they’re part of a long history of anti-government rebellion. Home distilling, illegal in most other countries (New Zealand being one exception), has had a particularly contentious history in the United States. In the early days of the republic, making whiskey was an important part of local agricultural economies, so much so that the passage of the first federal liquor tax in 1791 sparked a populist uprising. Known as the Whiskey Rebellion , it had to be put down by the National Guard. Prohibition, in place in the United States from 1920 to 1933, fueled an underground industry of moonshining, centered in the South, that violently pitted bootleggers and smugglers against the federal tax collectors, or “revenuers.” The public suffered not only from a spike in violent crime, but also from the products of unscrupulous distillers, who frequently stretched hootch with alcohol made from sawdust and other dangerous toxins. Making wine and beer at home became legal after Prohibition ended (wine immed	ABSINTHE, The Drink of some Famous Creatives. - YouTube ABSINTHE, The Drink of some Famous Creatives. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 22, 2014 Absinthe (i/ˈæbsɪnθ/ or /ˈæbsænθ/; French: [apsɛ̃t]) is historically described as a distilled, highly alcoholic (45–74% ABV / 90–148 U.S. proof) beverage.[1][2][3][4] It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from botanicals, including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel, and other medicinal and culinary herbs.[5] Absinthe traditionally has a natural green colour but may also be colourless. It is commonly referred to in historical literature as "la fée verte" (the green fairy). Although it is sometimes mistakenly referred to as a liqueur, absinthe is not traditionally bottled with added sugar; it is therefore classified as a spirit.[6] Absinthe is traditionally bottled at a high level of alcohol by volume, but it is normally diluted with water prior to being consumed. Absinthe originated in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland in the late 18th century. It rose to great popularity as an alcoholic drink in late 19th- and early 20th-century France, particularly among Parisian artists and writers. Owing in part to its association with bohemian culture, the consumption of absinthe was opposed by social conservatives and prohibitionists. Ernest Hemingway, Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde, Aleister Crowley, Erik Satie and Alfred Jarry were all known absinthe drinkers.[7] Absinthe has often been portrayed as a dangerously addictive psychoactive drug.[8] The chemical compound thujone, although present in the spirit in only trace amounts, was blamed for its alleged harmful effects. By 1915, absinthe had been banned in the United States and in much of Europe, including France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria-Hungary. Although absinthe was vilified, it has not been demonstrated to be any more dangerous than ordinary spirits. Recent studies have shown that the absinthe's psychoactive properties (apart from that of the alcohol) have been exaggerated.[8] A revival of absinthe began in the 1990s, following the adoption of modern European Union food and beverage laws that removed longstanding barriers to its production and sale. By the early 21st century, nearly 200 brands of absinthe were being produced in a dozen countries, most notably in France, Switzerland, Australia, United States, Spain, and the Czech Republic. Category	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,782	Who was the first British Labour Prime Minister to serve for a full parliamentary term ?	Clement Attlee \| Socialism \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Attlee was born in Putney, London, England, into a middle-class family, the seventh of eight children. His father was Henry Attlee (1841–1908), a solicitor, and his mother was Ellen Bravery Watson (1847–1920). He was educated at Northaw School, Haileybury and University College, Oxford, where he graduated with a Second Class Honours BA in Modern History in 1904. Attlee then trained as a lawyer, and was called to the Bar in 1906. He had a comfortable middle class life, conservative views, and there wasn't much in his background to suggest he would lead a leftist party. He became a Socialist after witnessing the poverty in London's East End as well as his own personal readings. During World War One he served in the armed forces. He was given the rank of Captain and later Major. He served mainly in the Middle East although he was transferred tst mouths of the war. Political Career Edit Attlee returned to local politics in the immediate post-war period, becoming mayor of the metropolitan borough of Stepney in 1919, one of London's poorest inner-city boroughs. During his time as mayor, the council undertook action to tackle slum landlords who charged high rents but refused to spend money on keeping their property in habitable condition. The council served and enforced legal orders on house owners to repair their property. It also appointed health visitors and sanitary inspectors, and reduced the infant mortality rate. Attlee Addressing a Crowd In 1920, whilst he was mayor, he wrote his first book "The Social Worker" which set out many of the principles which underlay his political philosophy, and which underlay the actions of his government in latter years. The book attacked the idea that looking after the poor could be left to voluntary action. Attlee was later a member of Parliament and the opposition. He remained seated even when many Labour Party members(over 200 in Parliament) where vote off. At first he opposed rearmament but as Nazi Germany rose and the League of Nations did nothing the Labour party decided to favor rearmament and opposed Neville Chamberlin's appeasement policy. He had actually made a personal gain even with the ousting of many Labour party members in Parliament, because it meant he was one of the few Labour Party members with power in the government as well as experience and thus he went up the parties ranks. During WW2 Liberals and Labour party members joined with Churchill to fight Nazi Germany. In the World War II coalition government, three interconnected committees ran the war. Churchill chaired the War Cabinet and the Defence Committee. Attlee was his regular deputy in these committees, and answered for the government in parliament when Churchill was absent. Attlee chaired the third body, the Lord President's Committee, which ran the civil side of the war. As Churchill was most concerned with executing the war, the arrangement suited both men. Only he and Churchill remained in the war cabinet from the formation of the Government of National Unity to the 1945 election. Attlee was Lord Privy Seal (1940–42), Deputy Prime Minister (1942–45), Dominions Secretary (1942–43), and Lord President of the Council (1943–45). Attlee supported Churchill in his continuation of Britain's resistance after the French capitulation in 1940, and proved a loyal ally to Churchill throughout the conflict. Following the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, Attlee and Churchill wanted the coalition government to last until Japan had been defeated. However after the Labour Executive Committee did not accept this a election was called for. Most Labour party members did not expect to win given Churchill's hero status. The result of the election when they were announced on 26 July, came as a surprise to almost everyone, including Attlee: Labour had been swept to power on a landslide, winning just under 50% of the vote, to the Conservatives 36%. Labour won 393 seats, giving them a majority of 146. Prime Minster Attlee Edit Even before he took power there where some who	British Prime Ministers BRITISH PRIME MINISTERS The British Prime Minister resides at number 10 Downing Street, London. The Prime Minister of the day is the Head of Government leader of his party in the House of Commons. He is also the elected MP for his seat in parliament. Henry Addington was born May 30, 1757 in London. He was educated at Winchester and Brasenose College, Oxford. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1784 as Member of Parliament (MP) for Devizes, and became Speaker of the House of Commons in 1789. In March, 1801, Pitt resigned from office after his failure to achieve Catholic emancipation, and Addington was chosen to succeed him as Prime Minister. Addington served as Prime Minister from 1801-1804. He was later elevated to the House of Lords as Viscount Sidmouth. Henry Addington died February 15, 1844. Addington donated to the town of Reading the four acres (16,000 m�) of land that is today the Royal Berkshire Hospital, and his name is commemorated in the town's Sidmouth Street and Addington Road. Herbert Henry Asquith was born on September 12, 1852, in Morley, Yorkshire. Educated at City of London School and Balliol College Oxford. He entered Parliament on July 9, 1886. Before his term as Prime Minister he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1905 to 1908 and as Home Secretary from 1892 to 1895. Asquith served as Prime Minister from 1908-1916. On 6 November 1925 he was made a Freeman of Huddersfield. Herbert Henry Asquith died February 15, 1928. During his lifetime he was known as H. H. Asquith before his accession to the peerage and as Lord Oxford afterwards. Clement Richard Attlee was born on January 3, 1883, in London. He was educated at Haileybury and University College, Oxford. In 1922, Clement first entered Parliament. Attlee served as Prime Minister from 1945-1951. It was Attlee's government that decided Britain should have an independent atomic weapons programme, and work began on it in 1947. His administration presided over the successful transition from a wartime economy to peacetime, tackling problems of demobilisation, shortages of foreign currency, and adverse deficits in trade balances and government expenditure. Another change he brought about in domestic politics was the establishment of the National Health Service and post-war Welfare State. Attlee led the party in opposition until December 1955, when he retired from the Commons and was elevated to the peerage to take his seat in the House of Lords as Earl Attlee and Viscount Prestwood on 16 December 1955. He attended Churchill's funeral in January 1965 - elderly and frail by then, he had to remain seated in the freezing cold as the coffin was carried, having tired himself out by standing at the rehearsal the previous day. He lived to see his old constituency of Walthamstow West fall to the Conservatives in a by-election in September 1967. Clement Attlee died of pneumonia on 8 October 1967. Former British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin was born on August 3, 1867, in Bewdley, Worcestershire. Baldwin was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. As a young man he served very briefly as a Second Lieutenant in the Artillery Volunteers. In the 1906 general election he contested Kidderminster but lost amidst the Conservative landslide defeat after the party split on the issue of free trade. In 1908 he succeeded his father as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bewdley. During the First World War he became Parliamentary Private Secretary to Conservative leader Andrew Bonar Law and in 1917 he was appointed to the junior ministerial post of Financial Secretary to the Treasury where he sought to encourage voluntary donations by the rich in order the repay the United Kingdom's war debt, notably writing to The Times under the pseudonym 'FST'. He personally donated one fifth of his quite small fortune. He served jointly with Sir Hardman Lever, who had been appointed in 1916, but after 1919 Baldwin carried out the duties largely alone. He was appointed to the Privy Council in the 1920 Birthday Honours. In 1921 he was promoted to the Cab	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,783	Which English artist’s first names were Joseph Mallord William?	Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851) \| Art UK Art UK \| Discover Artists Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851) View all 400 (Born London, 23 April 1775; died Chelsea, Middlesex [now in London], 19 December 1851). English painter, one of the greatest figures in the history of landscape painting. His family called him Bill or William, but he is now invariably known as J. M. W. Turner (which is how he usually signed his pictures). He showed a talent for drawing from an early age and as a boy earned money by colouring prints. Read more In 1789 he began working as a draughtsman for the architect Thomas Hardwick, and later in the same year he enrolled at the Royal Academy Schools, where he studied regularly until 1793 and intermittently until 1799. Early in his student days he also had lessons from Thomas Malton (1748–1804), a topographical watercolourist who specialized in neat and detailed town views and whom he later described as ‘my real master’. Turner first exhibited a watercolour at the Academy in 1790, when he was only 15, and from 1791 he began making regular sketching tours in various parts of Britain, producing many drawings of Picturesque views and architectural subjects that he later used as the basis of watercolours or sold to engravers. At this time his work was more polished but less poetic than that of his friend Girtin. Initially he painted only in watercolour, but in 1796 he first exhibited an oil at the Academy, Fishermen at Sea (Tate, London). Only three years later, in 1799, he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy and in 1802, two months before his 27th birthday, he became the second-youngest person elected a full Academician up to that time (only Lawrence had previously achieved the distinction at a younger age, although Wilkie, too, later pipped Turner). His career also flourished financially, for he was hardworking, a good businessman, and frugal by nature (he lived rather squalidly, but he was not miserly or ungenerous, as is sometimes maintained). From early in his career Turner was aware of his place in the tradition of landscape painting and he often produced works in homage to (or rivalry with) his great predecessors such as Claude (whom he particularly revered) and Willem van de Velde the Younger. However, he soon began to paint more original pictures in which he depicted the violence of nature in powerful Romantic fashion. The Shipwreck (1805, Tate) was one of his first works in this vein, and one of the most celebrated is Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps (1812, Tate), of which a contemporary newspaper (the Examiner) wrote: ‘This is a performance that classes Mr Turner in the highest rank of landscape painters…the moral and physical elements are here in powerful unison blended by a most masterly hand, awakening emotions of awe and grandeur.’ During these years, however, he continued exhibiting more conventional pictures and still earned a good deal of his large income through work for engravers. His most ambitious engraving project was his Liber Studiorum (Book of Studies), conceived in emulation of Claude's Liber Veritatis and intended to show the range of his own work; between 1807 and 1819 he issued 71 of a projected 100 plates. Turner made his first journey to the Continent in 1802, during a temporary peace in the war with France, visiting Paris like so many other artists to see pictures looted by Napoleon, which were then on exhibition. From Paris he travelled on to Switzerland. The resumption of war made Continental travel impossible for more than a decade, and Turner did not go abroad again until 1817, when he visited Belgium, Holland, and the Rhine. He first visited Italy two years later, and from then until 1845 made fairly regular journeys abroad (including three more to Italy, the last in 1840). Unlike his contemporary Constable, who concentrated on painting the places he knew best, Turner was inspired to a great extent by what he saw on his travels (he lived in London all his life, but the city appears fairly infrequently in his paintings). The	1945 Academy Awards® Winners and History Spellbound (1945) Actor: RAY MILLAND in "The Lost Weekend" , Bing Crosby in "The Bells of St. Mary's", Gene Kelly in "Anchors Aweigh", Gregory Peck in "The Keys of the Kingdom", Cornel Wilde in "A Song to Remember" Actress: JOAN CRAWFORD in "Mildred Pierce" , Ingrid Bergman in "The Bells of St. Mary's", Greer Garson in "The Valley of Decision", Jennifer Jones in "Love Letters", Gene Tierney in "Leave Her to Heaven" Supporting Actor: JAMES DUNN in "A Tree Grows in Brooklyn", Michael Chekhov in "Spellbound", John Dall in "The Corn Is Green", Robert Mitchum in "The Story of G.I. Joe", J. Carrol Naish in "A Medal for Benny" Supporting Actress: ANNE REVERE in "National Velvet", Eve Arden in "Mildred Pierce" , Ann Blyth in "Mildred Pierce" , Angela Lansbury in "The Picture of Dorian Gray", Joan Lorring in "The Corn Is Green" Director: BILLY WILDER for "The Lost Weekend" , Clarence Brown for "National Velvet", Alfred Hitchcock for "Spellbound", Leo McCarey for "The Bells of St. Mary's", Jean Renoir for "The Southerner" Now that World War II was over and a more optimistic mood swept across the country, glamour returned to the awards ceremony. But the Best Picture award was presented to producer/director/co-writer Billy Wilder's four-Oscar winning, socially-significant The Lost Weekend , a grim, realistic, downbeat drama based on Charles Jackson's best-selling novel and the first major Hollywood film to deal with the subject of alcoholism in a serious tone. Some consider Wilder's humiliation the previous year with his seven-time nominated film Double Indemnity (1944) (with no wins) was one of the main factors for his tremendous win this year. This time, Wilder's Best Picture film won four of its seven nominations. This was also the first time that the Best Picture Oscar winner also won the prestigious top prize (known as the Grand Prix) at the Cannes Film Festival. [The Best Picture winner in 1945 set a pattern for more adult, socially-responsible Best Picture winners in the 40's. Serious "social issues" films would win the Best Picture award in four of the next five years: e.g., The Lost Weekend (1945) , The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) , Gentleman's Agreement (1947), and All the King's Men (1949) .] The meaningful film, from Charles Jackson's adapted novel, won four major awards - Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. Director Wilder won Oscars for Best Director and Best Screenplay (shared with Charles Brackett). Brackett and Wilder were producers-directors of the previous year's Double Indemnity (1944) . They would collaborate together in the future with A Foreign Affair (1948) and Sunset Boulevard (1950) . The Best Picture winner defeated the following four Best Picture nominees: the classic film noir melodrama by director Michael Curtiz, Mildred Pierce (with six nominations and one win - Best Actress) MGM's lively musical directed by George Sidney, Anchors Aweigh (with five nominations and one win - Best Musical Picture Score) - notable for an animated mouse named Jerry, from the "Tom and Jerry" cartoon, in a dance sequence with star Gene Kelly director A	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,784	What is Mexico's largest commercial port?	Information about the most important ports in Mexico - Explorando Mexico Home > About Mexico > Economy of Mexico > The 10 Most Important Ports in Mexico The 10 Most Important Ports in Mexico Tweet Port of Ensenada; This port is located on Mexico’s northeast corner, in the estate of Baja California, 110 kilometers from the border between Mexico and the United States. It borders with the states of California, Arizona, Sonora and the Pacific Ocean. It is located in the Pacific Rim, the region with the world’s greatest dynamics in commercial exchange, with the opportunity to access the main purchase and production ports and centers, registering a connection with 64 ports in 28 countries. Outgoing exports from this port are mainly directed to China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan and Indonesia in Asia; Costa Rica, Honduras and Chile in Central America; France, Italy and Spain in Europe; besides morocco and Algeria in Africa. Imports received at this port come from the same countries in addition to Nicaragua in Central America and New Zealand in Oceania. Asia is the continent it holds greatest dynamism with due to the commercial exchange of the manufacturing industry. With a radius of action of more than 1500 Km., the main highways connect the port to the cities of Tijuana, Tecate, Mexicali, Hermosillo, San Diego, Los Angeles, Tucson and Phoenix. This port has access to border crossings at Tijuana, Tecate, Mexicali, Nogales, Agua Prieta and Ciudad Juarez. This gives it access to the main highways and railroads of Mexico and the United States. Port of Ensenada’s zone of influence hosts more than 1,400 manufacturing plants and 1,114 producers established on national territory. Outstanding among the multiple activities of the Port of Ensenada is the industrial activity of containers and general freight, commercial fishing, cruise ships, sports fishing, shipyards and mineral handling. In 1602 Spanish conquerors named it “Ensenada de Todos los Santos” because they arrived at the port on the first of November. In 1877 it started to function as a port for commercial exchange. In 1919 it was granted a concession for the construction of a dock; during the 1920’s and 30’s, north American ships used the port of Ensenada to dodge the Prohibition Law. In 1976 it was ratified as a seaport. In 1991 container ships stopped arriving at Ensenada due to their new dimensions, so it began to develop as a tourism destination. In 1994 it began its modernization in order to adapt to the demands of international sea commerce. Port of Veracruz The port of Veracruz has been the scenario of some of the most important moments in Mexico’s history. During the Spanish conquest, it became the port of entry to the new world with the arrival of Hernán Cortés in the XVI century. During the Colonial era, Veracruz was a crucial point for the exchange of communication and commerce, besides its strategic location, it was also outstanding for its agriculture, livestock and textile industry wealth. In 1864, Veracruz was where the Archduke Maximilian of Hapsburg and the Empress Carlota arrived to establish the Second Empire, In 1900, there was a strike by textile workers, the movement that lead the way to the Mexican Revolution. In 1911, General Porfirio Diaz abandoned the country through the port of Veracruz after being overthrown by the revolutionary movement. The port of Veracruz is known as Three Times Heroic for the valor and patriotism with which it faced the occupation of military forces from United States in 1847 and 1914, plus the French invasion of 1862. The port has an extension of more than 600 hectares, on land and water, with 19 docking stations on nine docks with container, multiple uses, automobile, fluids, minerals and agricultural terminals. There is also a dock receiving cruise ships and another of PEMEX. The merchandise transferred at the port of Veracruz is for domestic use and exports to and from Florida, Europe and the north of Africa. Currently, this port is applying an expansion project with the investment of 2,311	Baja California - Mexico - HISTORY.com Baja California A+E Networks Introduction Tourists flock to Baja California—separated from the rest of Mexico by the Sea of Cortez—to visit its stunning shoreline and test their mettle at sport fishing. The state’s border crossing at Tijuana is the busiest in all of Mexico. The international port of Ensenada, located on the Pacific coast, is a regular stop for cruise ships. Since it is the only deepwater port in Baja California, it acts as the primary hub for importing and exporting goods throughout the region. History Early History Before the Spaniards arrived, the peninsula of Baja California was inhabited by three major ethnic groups: the Cochimí in the north, the Guaycura in the central section and the Pericú on the southern cape. Archaeological artifacts suggest that these tribes inhabited the peninsula and Cedros Island as early as 9,000-10,000 years ago. The Cochimí, who lived on the mainland, were hunters and gatherers, but an isolated group of Cochimí living on Cedros Island developed a fairly complex agricultural system. The Guaycura and the Pericú lived by hunting, gathering and fishing. Their descendants still live in Baja California, primarily on the northernmost part of the peninsula. Did You Know? When the Spaniards arrived in the Baja California area in 1539, they believed they had reached a mythical island of female warriors governed by Queen Calafia. The earliest record of this myth appears in The Exploits of the Very Powerful Cavalier Esplandian, Son of the Excellent King Amadis of Gau, written by Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo 18 years earlier. Middle History After the Spanish conquered the Mexican mainland early in the 16th century, they began searching westward for a fabled island of gold. In 1532, the conquistador Hernán Cortés dispatched two fleets of ships to look for the island. When they failed to find it, Cortés decided to lead the search himself. In 1535, he landed north of La Paz (near the southern end of the Baja California peninsula) where he discovered black pearls but no gold. Cortés and his men returned to the mainland, only to launch another expedition in 1539 under the leadership of Captain Francisco de Ulloa. This time the Spaniards sailed the full length of the Sea of Cortés, discovering that Baja was actually a peninsula. Conflicting reports state that Ulloa was stabbed to death or lost at sea the following year; in either case, Cortés returned to Spain in 1541 without fully exploring or colonizing Baja California. In 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo ventured into the region, but it proved to be the last exploration for 50 years. Later, as trade grew between Mexico and the Philippines, it became clear that a supply station on the western coast of Baja California would provide a welcome refuge for ships arriving from the long Pacific voyage. Beginning in 1592, Sebastián Vizcaíno undertook two expeditions to establish such a station, but he was unsuccessful because of repeated native resistance. In fact, a supply station would not be established in the area until 1730. In January 1683, the Spanish government provisioned three ships with 200 men and gave them a mandate to colonize the peninsula. The expedition, led by Sinaloa’s governor Isidro de Atondo y Antillón, sailed into the Sea of Cortés and attempted its first settlement at La Paz; however, hostility from local tribes forced the expedition to move on. When a second settlement failed for the same reason, the expedition returned to the mainland. Twelve years later, in 1695, a Jesuit priest named Juan María Salvatierra established the region’s first permanent Spanish settlement, the Misión Nuestra Señora de Loreto, which quickly became the peninsula’s religious and administrative capital. Its success enabled other Jesuits to introduce more missions throughout the area—a total of 23 over the next 70 years. However, King Carlos III of Spain became wary of the Jesuits’ growing power and, in 1767, ordered that they be expelled at gunpoint and returned to Spain immediately. The Franciscans moved into th	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,785	The Armagnac region of France lies between the Adour and Garonne rivers and near which other feature?	IN VINO SAN FRANCISCO IN VINO SAN FRANCISCO Vinous Adventures of a Frenchman in America September 05, 2007 Posted by Raphael Knapp at 09:22 PM \| Permalink \| Comments (2) \| TrackBacks (0) Pomerol - July 17, 2007 Posted by Raphael Knapp at 08:28 PM \| Permalink \| Comments (634) \| TrackBacks (0) July 28, 2007 Claude Michot (Pouilly Fumé) - July 23, 2007 Claude Michot is located in St Andelain, the same village as Didier Dagueneau. He is a purist and his 2006 Pouilly-Fume is intensely flagrant, heady with acacia blossoms, wet stone and fresh herbs. View of Pouilly Fume and the hill of Sancerre from "les Monts Damnes" above the village of Chavignol, world-known for its famous Goat Cheese "Crottin de Chavignol". The small cylindrical goat cheese from the area around Chavignol has been produced since the 16th century, but it wasn't until the year 1829 that it was first written about. View of the Pouilly-Fume vineyards across the Loire River from the hill of Sancerre. The tiny village under the forest in the middle below the horizon is Saint-Andelain. Below and the right is the lieu-dit "Les Berthiers" where Claude lives and makes his wine. View of the Loire River and the hill of Sancerre from the Pouilly-Fume vineyards. In le lieu-dit "Les Berthiers", Claude benefit from the emulation of a great competition! Pouilly-Fume is made of 100% Sauvignon Blanc. Sauvignon Blanc is a green-skinned grape variety which originates from the Bordeaux region of France. It is now planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white wine. Conversely, the grape is also a component of the famous dessert wines from Sauternes. Sauvignon blanc is also widely cultivated in New Zealand and California. Depending on climate, the flavor can range from grassy (New Zealand) to sweetly tropical (many California examples). Wine experts often use the phrase "cat's pee in a gooseberry bush" as a favorable description of Sauvignon blanc from the Loire Valley. Sauvignon blanc, when slightly chilled, pairs well with fish or cheese, particularly Chevre (Goat cheese). It is also known as one of the few wines that can pair well with Sushi... Pressoir Temperature Control System In the "Cuverie", Claude has me try two samples from two different vineyards. The cuvee "Les bois" (clay-limestone soil) and the cuvee "Les Chailloux" (all of the above plus a lot of silex). The two plots are distant from 300 feet but the wines are totally opposite. The terroir of silex add some beautiful light mineral notes. Claude plans to release the "silex" cuvee in the near future. A handful of silex stones from Claude Vineyards. Today, a vigneron is, also, a businessman. Terroir now goes hand in hand with high tech... Posted by Raphael Knapp at 09:46 PM \| Permalink \| Comments (444) \| TrackBacks (0) Chateau Peyros - July 21st, 2007 Posted by Raphael Knapp at 09:44 PM \| Permalink \| Comments (971) \| TrackBacks (0) Chateau Laubade (Bas-Armagnac) - July 20th - 21st, 2007 Chateau de Laubade is the benchmark for Armagnacs. The leader of the luxury French domestic market. Laubade has won a staggering 40 medals in the Paris and Eauze tasting competition. Refined and rich in aromatic nuances, an almost perfect balance, magnificent amber colour, you are very close to perfection. The XO, is a blend of very fine, subtle and elegant spirits, some of which are more than 20 years old. The resulting armagnac is rounded and deep. Vintage wine is the pride and joy of the Armagnac appellation, and in particular of Château de Laubade, one of the great specialists. In Armagnac all of the vintage wines are identified and authenticated. They are produced with 100% of the year’s harvest. At Château de Laubade, vintage wines are bottled as and when they are needed. The bottling date is marked on the back-label to guarantee the true maturing time in the barrels. The vintage bottles are waxed and presented in magnificent ash wood cases. Right: Monsieur Saigne, winemaker Chateau Laubade Salon where we tasted fantastic Armagnacs: VSOP, XO, 1978, 1948 and 1924 among oth	Mountains in Algeria \| By Algeria Channel City finder Climb or Hike the Majestic Mountains of Algeria From the Mediterranean coast the landscape peaks in the Atlas Mountains before it stretches across the Sahara Desert . With such varied topography, Algeria's landscape is diverse and fascinating. Algeria's mountain ranges cover large portions of the land. Some of Algeria's mountains form part of the great Atlas Mountain Range whilst others are located only within the country's borders. The Atlas Mountains The Atlas Mountain Range extends some 2400km/1500 miles across Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. It creates a border between the Mediterranean and the Sahara desert and is home to remote Arab villages in Algeria. This impressive mountain range is made up of the following sections: Middle Atlas, Anti-Atlas, High Atlas, Tell Atlas and Saharan Atlas . The latter two ranges are located in Algeria. The Saharan Atlas This Algerian Mountain Range makes up the eastern section of the Atlas Mountains. Djebel Aissa is the tallest peak in the Saharan Atlas, reaching 2236 meters in height. Smaller ranges that make up the Saharan Atlas include Ouled-Nael, Amour and Ksour. The Saharan Atlas later meets up with the Tell Atlas, forming the T'bessa and Medjerda ranges. Wadis, such as the Touil, run down from the Saharan Atlas. Wadis are riverbeds that only flow in wet seasons. Chaoui Berbers are the chief residents of this mountain range and they live mainly where the landscape makes agriculture possible. The Tell Atlas Measuring some 1500km in length, the Tell Atlas Mountain Range makes its way through Morocco, across Algeria and into Tunisia. The Tell Atlas runs parallel to the Saharan Atlas until it meets in the eastern side of Algeria. Many of Algeria's important cities are located along the Tell Atlas; this includes the capital of Algiers and Oran . The Chelif River runs from the Tell Atlas into the Mediterranean Sea and provides Algeria's inhabitants with a fertile agricultural valley. The Aures Mountains This range forms and extension of the Atlas Mountains. It is located in eastern Algeria just to the east of Algeria's Saharan Atlas. Djebel Chelia, also known as Kaltum, is the tallest peak in this range and reaches a height of 2328 m. The Aur's Mountains are very isolated and remain the home of the Shawia people. The Ahaggar Mountains (aka Hoggar) Located in the south of Algeria, the Hoggar is a highland area of the central parts of the Sahara. The geography of the region consists mostly of rocky desert. Mount Tahat is the tallest peak of the area, reaching 2918m in height. A common attraction to these Algerian mountains is Assekrem, the place where Le Pere de Foulcault resided in 1905. Due to its less extreme climate, the Hoggar is a region of great biodiversity. The Ahaggar Mountains are the abode of the Imuhagh, who are part of the Tuareg. Nearby is the tomb of Tin Hinan, ancestor and matriarch of the Tuareg people. The Ahaggar region is very popular amongst tourists, with many tour operators visiting the area. The Tassili n' Ajjer Lying in the southeast of Algeria, this Saharan mountain range stretches some 500km. The highest point in the Tassili n'Ajjer range is Adrar Afao at 2158 meters. As the mountains are chiefly composed of sandstone, many awe-inspiring natural rock arches have formed. Vegetation in the range is mostly scattered woodland. The range is also popular with tourists because of its archeological interest, which includes the brilliant examples of ancient rock art that are found here. Large portions of the range are protected as part of the Tassili n'Ajjer National park . Other Mountains and Ranges Jebel Chenoua, to the west of Algiers, is a mountain group on the coast. Located between Tipaza and Cherchell, Jebel Cheoua is home to Berber speakers. The Gueltara Mountains are in the west of Algeria. The highest point in this small range is 755m high. Tags: User Comments & Reviews: 9 Comment(s) To leave a comment, please sign in using the login box on the right or click here , or sign up here . Page 1 of 2	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,786	What was the nuclear power station Sellafield previously known as?	Engineering Timelines - Sellafield Nuclear Fuel Plant Sellafield Nuclear Fuel Plant Ministry of Public Buildings & Works Allot & Lomax date 1951, 1964, 1983 - 1994, 1997 era Modern \| category Power Generation \| reference NY029041 The Sellafield site, formerly known as Windscale, is adjacent to Calder Hall Nuclear Power Station. It was originally set up to produce fuels for use in thermonuclear weapons as part of Britain's effort in the Cold War. The site is now used to reprocess nuclear fuels and deal with nuclear waste. It is also the site of the world's first nuclear accident. Reprocessing is the name given to the process of chemically separating the constituents of spent nuclear fuel. Spent fuel is retrieved from a nuclear reactor after a certain amount of time inside the core. During this time, the uranium undergoes neutron irradiation and some of its atoms are changed into other elements — such as polonium, plutonium, strontium, caesium, tritium, radioisotopes and other fission products. Spent reactor fuel is stored in ponds at source until it cools and its radiation levels decrease, then it is transported to Sellafield in secure flasks for reprocessing. After further pond storage on site, the spent fuel is sheared (chopped) and dissolved in nitric acid. This liquid is separated into unused uranium, plutonium and a solution of highly radioactive fission products. The uranium and plutonium are used for new reactor fuel, while the fission products must be treated before safe storage. The reason for reprocessing spent fuel was to gain usable new reactor fuel — and incidentally weapons grade plutonium-239 — from spent fuels at an advantageous price. However, the cost of raw uranium dropped by almost 80 percent between 1978 and 1999, making the economics less compelling. The first nuclear fuel reprocessing plant was built at the same time as the Windscale graphite pile reactors (see separate entry), and was designed to extract weapons grade plutonium from spent reactor fuel rods. It operated from 1951 to 1964 then was reconfigured to handle Magnox fuel until its closure in 1973. Sellafield now has two reprocessing plants — one is for Magnox fuel and the other, called Thorp (Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant), is for fuels from Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors (UK) and Light Water Reactors (worldwide). The Magnox reprocessing plant has been operational since 1964, and is due to close in 2012. It uses tributyl phosphate to extract plutonium and uranium from the fuel, which cannot be stored underwater for too long as the outer casing of the rods corrodes. Between 1971 and 2001, some 15,000 tonnes of new fuel have been won from 35,000 tonnes of Magnox. In 1978, it was decided that another nuclear fuel reprocessing plant was required to deal with the increasing quantities of spent fuel from reactors around the world. The £2.7 billion Thorp was completed in 1994 and began operating in 1997, but is due to close in 2010. Allott & Lomax provided the structural engineering for this plant. Thorp runs at around half capacity most of the time — its original target was to win 7,000 tonnes of new fuel per decade. By 2003 it had recovered 75 tonnes of plutonium and 3,300 tonnes of uranium from reprocessing, making a loss of more than £1 billion in that time. The plant has a 35m high steel framed building with a 40m stainless steel roof span, and is designed to withstand a 1 in 10,000 year wind. It contains 4,200 tonnes of carbon steel, 600 tonnes of stainless steel, 2,900km of cabling and 320km of pipework. In April 2005, Thorp operators discovered that a cracked pipe had leaked 83,000 litres of radioactive waste into a stainless steel lined concrete chamber (fortunately built to contain leaks). Sellafield was fined £500,000 for safety breaches, and Thorp did not reopen until January 2007. A breakdown in the underwater lift transferring fuel to Thorp caused the plant to be closed again in January 2008. Light water reactors increasingly use Mox (mixed oxide) fuel, and a separate plant to reprocess it was completed in 1997 and operatio	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,787	Downton Abbey is filmed at which stately home?	Highclere Castle Slider 6 News! We wish you all a Merry Christmas & New Year! Please see below for details on our Public Openings & Events next year: February 2017 - We have now released tickets for our special Valentines day event. Click here to buy! March 2017 - Treat your Mother to Afternoon Tea on Mothering Sunday! For details click here Easter/Spring Public Opening 2017 - Tickets are now on sale - click here to buy! May 2017 - We are delighted to release our Literature and Landscape Tours for May 2017 - Click here to buy! You can enjoy over an hour of HD video, photos and conversations from behind the scenes in the Highclere App narrated by Jim Carter (who plays Carson in Downton Abbey) Highclere Castle Welcome to our website. Please enjoy exploring what it is really like behind the scenes of " The Real Downton Abbey ". Highclere is a beautiful Castle and landscape and one we delight in sharing with many thousands of visitors.	Television hit Downton Abbey helps save the real stately home where it is filmed - Telegraph TV and Radio Television hit Downton Abbey helps save the real stately home where it is filmed The runaway success of the period drama Downton Abbey has led to a revival in the nation's interest in all things Edwardian. The cast of Downton Abbey assembled in front of Highclere House Photo: ITV By Richard Alleyne and Laura Roberts 7:00PM BST 17 Oct 2010 Now its also leading to a revival in the fortunes of the magnificent house in which it is set. Highclere Castle, the 'High Elizabethan' style pile, is undergoing a much needed £11m refurbishment to restore it to its former glory thanks to the renewed interest in the 50 room mansion sparked by the ITV show. Lord and Lady Carnarvon the real owners of the home near Newbury, Berkshire, have taken the bold step after being inundated with requests to come to see the home, which is the centre piece of the Sunday night drama penned by Oscar-winning writer Julian Fellowes. The drama portrays the upstairs downstairs lifestyle played out by members of the Crawleys, an aristocratic family, and their servants on the eve of the First World War. Such is its success that the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon expect a surge in visitor numbers when they open to the public again next year which will be put towards the refurbishment costs. They will also use the fee they receive for hiring out the house for a second series of the programme. Related Articles Sculptor creates giant 'tree spirit' at Stately home Cragside House 18 Oct 2010 The countess has already restored one of her dressing rooms and hopes to carry out further restoration work once Downton Abbey launches in the United States in January. Despite the sumptuous indoor sets and outdoor set pieces, the reality is that Highclere Castle is in desperate need of care and attention. Some of the turrets at Highclere are crumbling, the roof is leaking and many of the rooms need attention. So, too, does the original carriage entrance. “We are delighted the show is so popular,” said the countess. “I’ve been monitoring internet traffic to our website and it has shot up since the opening episode. “A boom in visitor numbers from tourists around the world would really help us to maintain what is really a beautiful building in one of the most scenic areas of southern England.” Parts of Highclere date back to the 14th century. The house was remodelled by Sir Charles Barry, the architect, in 1839 after he had completed the Houses of Parliament. The opening episode of Downton Abbey drew more than 11 million viewers when it was screened last month. It has been so successful that ITV has announced they have commissioned a second series. Fellowes, the actor and writer who won an Academy Award for the film Gosforth Park, said he was delighted that the house was benefiting. "It's a wonderful house and wonderful statement of what the English thought of themselves. You can't fake the kind of history that you get in this type of house. It would costs the entire budget if you tried to construct a library like the one at Highclere. The house is the main character. We wanted a house that was distinctive – not one that could be mixed up with all these Jane Austen adaptations." He said that the house had had its own influence on the drama. "All the Carnarvons' ancestors have become the ancestors of the family at Downton," he said. "I had always wanted the series to be set at Highclere and I took the director there myself so I was delighted that the decision was made to have it there." Parts of Highclere Castle originate from the 14th century. The house was re-modelled by architect Sir Charles Barry in 1839 after he had completed the Houses of Parliament. It was once home to George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, who financed Howard Carter’s discovery of the tomb of King Tutankhamen in Egypt in 1922. He died a year later from an infected mosquito bite, a victim of the so-called pharaoh’s curse. Earlier this year the Carnarvons had to fend off appr	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,788	What was the name of the horse ridden by the famous cowboy actor, Gene Autry?	Gene Autry - Biography - IMDb Gene Autry Biography Showing all 63 items Jump to: Overview (5) \| Mini Bio (3) \| Spouse (2) \| Trade Mark (1) \| Trivia (32) \| Personal Quotes (11) \| Salary (9) Overview (5) 5' 9" (1.75 m) Mini Bio (3) After high school Gene Autry worked as a laborer for the St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad in Oklahoma. Next he was a telegrapher. In 1928 he began singing on a local radio station, and three years later he had his own show and was making his first recordings. Three years after that he made his film debut in Ken Maynard 's In Old Santa Fe (1934) and starred in a 13-part serial the following year for Mascot Pictures, The Phantom Empire (1935). The next year he signed a contract with Republic Pictures and began making westerns. Autry--for better or worse--pretty much ushered in the era of the "singing cowboy" westerns of the 1930s and 1940s (in spite of the presence in his oaters of automobiles, radios and airplanes). These films often grossed ten times their average $50,000 production costs. During World War II he enlisted in the US Army and was assigned as a flight officer from 1942-46 with the Air Transport Command. After his military service he returned to making movies, this time with Columbia Pictures, and finally with his own company, Flying A Productions, which, during the 1950s, produced his TV series The Gene Autry Show (1950), The Adventures of Champion (1955), and Annie Oakley (1954). He wrote over 200 songs. A savvy businessman, he retired from acting in the early 1960s and became a multi-millionaire from his investments in hotels, real estate, radio stations and the California Angels professional baseball team. Song: "Back in the Saddle Again", horse: Champion Trivia (32) His first hit record was "That Silver Haired Daddy Of Mine" in 1932. Autry was the first owner of the Los Angeles Angels American League baseball club, subsequently renamed the California Angels when the team was relocated to Anaheim in 1966. (The team has been renamed twice: the Anaheim Angels, and now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.) A radio station owner, Autry was interested in acquiring the broadcasting rights to the Angels games when he found out the team, part of the American League's first expansion, was for sale. He bought it. Autry owned the team in its entirety from its first year of play, 1961, until 1997, when he sold part of the franchise to Disney, who renamed the team the Anaheim Angels. Autry's widow sold the rest of the team to Disney after his death the next year at the age of 91. According to a Hollywood legend, published in The Orange County Register after his death, Autry was discovered singing in a telegraph office in Oklahoma by Will Rogers . Rogers told him that he had a pretty good voice, and suggested that he go to Hollywood where he could make some money singing in the movies. Gene followed Rogers' advice and became "The Singing Cowboy." Autry himself related this story in an interview with Cecil B. DeMille on the Lux Radio Drama Hour. In the interview, Gene added that the next time he saw Rogers was in Hollywood. According to Gene, Will just nodded and said, "I see you made it, kid." Interred at Forest Lawn (Hollywood Hills), Los Angeles, California, USA, in the Sheltering Hills section, Grave #1048. Elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1969. Grandson of an itinerant preacher, he became a multi-millionaire through his investments and real estate holdings. Inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1980. Inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1972. He was the most popular of the "singing cowboys." In his heyday he was making six to eight feature westerns a year. More than 50 years after the last Gene Autry western, he is better known to later generations as a singer. His remastered vintage recordings of "Here Comes Santa Claus" and "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" remain very popular holiday standards into the 21st century. The California/Anaheim Ang	Crazy Horse - Native American History - HISTORY.com Google Since his violent and controversial death, Crazy Horse, or Tashunka Witko, has become almost a mythical figure of the Great Plains Indian wars. The place and date of his birth are uncertain, but he was probably born in the early 1840s near Bear Butte on the Belle Fourche River in South Dakota . His father was a medicine man of the Oglala subtribe, his mother a Brulé. There has been much speculation about the origin of the name Crazy Horse, but most historians now agree that his father had the same name. As a youth he was known as Curly, but acquired the father’s name after proving himself in combat. Did You Know? The Crazy Horse monument in South Dakota has been under construction since 1948. When it is completed, it will be the world's largest sculpture. He was below average height, his body lithe, his hair and complexion lighter than that of most Indians. Various photographs bear his name, but most have been discredited, and probably none is genuine. Except for his last days near Fort Robinson, Nebraska , he was out of reach of frontier photographers. His first encounter with U.S. soldiers was on the old Oregon Trail, July 25, 1865, at Platte Bridge, where he acted as a decoy to draw soldiers out of their defenses. During the following year, when soldiers marched up the Bozeman Trail to build forts, Crazy Horse honed his skills as a guerrilla fighter and studied the ways of his military adversaries. In December 1866, when the Sioux and Cheyenne combined to challenge Fort Phil Kearny, Crazy Horse’s daring as a leader of the decoy warriors brought Lt. Col. William J. Fetterman and eighty men into an ambush that became known as the Fetterman massacre. During the following decade, Crazy Horse joined Sitting Bull in an unyielding determination to defend the Black Hills and resist reservation control. When the U.S. Army mounted a three-pronged military operation in 1876 to drive the “free” Plains Indians onto reservations, Crazy Horse confronted the column led by Gen. George Crook at Rosebud Creek, June 17. He concentrated his warriors against weak spots in Crook’s lines, fighting hand to hand at times to win the day. After the battle, the victors rode over to the Little Bighorn to join Sitting Bull’s large encampment of Sioux and Cheyenne. On the twenty-fifth, Gen. George A. Custer’s column attacked the camp, and Crazy Horse and Gall, a chief of the Hunkpapa Sioux, led their warriors in a pincers attack that quickly enveloped Custer’s divided cavalry and wiped it out. Other military forces pursued the Indians, eventually driving Sitting Bull into Canada. Crazy Horse and his followers attempted to hold out in remote areas of the Yellowstone country, but soldiers hunted them relentlessly. On May 6, 1877, he gave himself up and spent the summer near Fort Robinson, awaiting the assignment to a reservation that had been promised him for surrendering. The events affecting Crazy Horse during that long summer were imbued with elements of classical tragedy. Deceptions, betrayals, and false rumors engulfed him. He was disliked by some of the older Indian leaders, and because of his popularity among the young warriors, rumors spread that he was planning an outbreak. When on September 5 he was arrested, he offered no resistance at first. But when he saw that he was to be locked in a guardhouse, he struggled with his captors and was stabbed to death. From the day of its occurrence this incident has been described in several versions, all adding to the mystique of Crazy Horse. The Reader’s Companion to American History. Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, Editors. Copyright © 1991 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Tags	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,789	Which retail guru presented the TV series Mary Queen of Shops ?	Mary Queen of Shops - TV Series (2007- ) Mary Queen of Shops Mary Queen of Shops Documentary, Reality, and Bus./Financial \| TV-PG \| BBC Two Be the first to review Smart Rating Awards: Nominated for 1 award; did not win the award Retail guru Mary Portas sets out to keep Britain's small shopkeepers in business. See All TV Shows Do You Like The Show? Advertisement More TV Shows That Premiered in 2007 The Best Comedy Shows You Can Stream PrettyFamous found the 50 best comedy TV shows available on streaming services today. 9 minute read › The following metrics contributed to the Smart Rating: IMDb Rating Click on a number for details about an individual metric. Ratings in Context Compared to the Median Smart Rating IMDb Rating Compared to the Median IMDb Rating Smart Rating Compared to Top 2000s Documentary Shows IMDb Rating Compared to Top 2000s Documentary Shows Highly-Rated Shows on BBC Two Advertisement Share Awards Mary Queen of Shops has been nominated for 1 award, which they lost. To put this in perspective, the typical TV series has never been nominated for or won an award, the most-nominated series has received 180 nominations, and the most awards wins for a television series is 62 awards. By Year	"Hi-de-Hi!" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb from United Kingdom 18 October 2005 Based to some extent on writers, David Croft and Jimmy Perry's, own experiences as Butlins Holiday Camp entertainers in the UK during the same timescale the programme follows, "Hi-De-Hi!" epitomises the 'slapstick, postcard humour" of post-war Britain. Set in the fictitious seaside town of Crimpton-on-Sea, "Hi-De-Hi" chronicles the comedic goings on within the Maplins Holiday Camp - one of many dotted along the British coast owned by the mega-rich, but never seen (on screen) Joe Maplin. Although the actual show began in 1980 with the pilot episode and ran until 1988 when the BBC deemed it too tame for it's cutting edge comedy department, seasons 1-5 focused on 1959 while seasons 6-9 spotlighted 1960 - a time when the old style British Holiday Camp began to fall into decline. During the first 5 seasons, Jeffrey Fairbrother (played brilliantly by the late, great Simon Cadell) was the camp's entertainment manager; a well meaning, yet slightly pensive ex-university professor breaking free of his upper class background and venturing into the "real" world to head his team of entertainment staff who were in stark contrast to his own laid-back personality. From season 6 onwards, Fairbrother was replaced by Clive Dempster (played by David Griffin when Cadell quit the show at the height of it's popularity), an ex-RAF war hero who, in many ways, was similar to Cadell's character in background, but more a scoundrel than a gentleman. However, the real stars of "Hi-De-Hi" throughout the nine seasons were Ted Bovis (played superbly by Paul Shane), a stereotypical working class, ale drinking, bawdy comic - someone who could never resist an opportunity to fiddle the campers; Gladys Pugh (played by Ruth Madoc who's currently experiencing a career comeback with appearances in the hit BBC Comedy, "Little Britain"), chief Yellowcoat (what the entertainment staff were called because of their bright yellow jackets) and sports organiser - but more importantly, the one person who saved Jeffrey Fairbrother and Clive Dempster from embarrassment by covering up their inexperience in running a holiday camp; Peggy Ollerenshaw (Su Pollard), the slightly dopey, yet lovable lowly chalet maid with a burning ambition to become a Yellowcoat, and Spike Dixon (Jeffrey Holland), Ted's innocent protégé learning more about 'show business' than he hoped for. As usual with a Croft & Perry production, the assembled cast of characters were a bunch of misfits played superbly by the actors involved. Mr. Partridge (played by the late Leslie Dwyer, who was in his 70's by the time he left the show), the alcoholic child-hating children's entertainer; Fred Quilly (Felix Bowness), a former champion jockey with a dubious past; Yvonne & Barry Stuart-Hargreaves (Dianne Holland & Barry Howard), the snobbish former ballroom dancing champions who were in the twilight of their careers; and Sylvia and Betty (Nikki Kelly and Rikki Howard), the two main girl Yellowcoats who were always looking for the type of fun Joe Maplin would never allow in one of his camps. "Hi-De-Hi" typified the slapstick era of the late 50s with it's saucy and, to a certain degree, vulgar "tongue-in-cheek" humour (jokes about people sitting on toilets and anecdotes about 'women with big knockers' were the order of the day). But despite it's whiff of "Carry On" funniness, it was always so innocent and became something of recommended family viewing back in the 80's. Of course, the critics of the show remarked that the show had outstayed it's welcome by a good couple of years, but I disagree. While the early seasons focused mainly on bawdiness and slapstick humour, the latter series of "Hi-De-Hi" saw more thought put into the scripts and the main characters (especially Spike Dixon & Gladys Pugh) were able to grow with more sensitive story lines. That said, there were a few criticisms of the show. Clive Dempster was no Jeffrey Fairbrother, and the former didn't quite have the on-screen chemistry with Gladys as Jeffrey did (I personally think	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,790	Which French football team plays its home games art Stade Velodrome?	UEFA EURO 2016 - Hosts - Marseille city guide - UEFA.com Marseille city guide Population: 860,363 City ambassadors: Basile Boli (former French international), Florent Manaudou (2012 Olympic-winning swimmer) Marseille – the second best destination on the planet according to The New York Times, and the world’s fifth most beautiful coastal city in the opinion of the prestigious National Geographic – is visited by more than five million people every year. Dubbed ‘2016’s coolest destination’ by the press, France’s oldest city has established a reputation as a dynamic and outward-looking metropolis. The old port©Thinkstock A city of passion and football, Marseille was a European Capital of Culture in 2013 and organises thousands of cultural and sporting events throughout the summer. No visit to Marseille would be complete without seeing the beaches and the spectacular rocky inlets (calanques in French) that punctuate the city’s 57km of coastline. Come and experience UEFA EURO 2016 in one of Europe’s most beautiful cities. Back to menu HISTORY The city’s history is inextricably linked with that of the Mediterranean Sea, which was crossed by the Greek explorers from the city of Phocaea who founded Marseille in 600 BC. The largest port in the Mediterranean, Marseille is an outward-looking city that combines heritage and modernity. In the midst of an urban regeneration process, the city is now focused on tourism and has established itself as a prime destination for Mediterranean cruise ships. Five million people visited Marseille in 2013, when it was a European Capital of Culture, and many more are expected to follow this year – and in 2017, when it will be the European Capital of Sport. The city’s 57km of coastline (of which 20km is in the Calanques National Park), its 300 days of sunshine a year, its green spaces and areas of natural beauty, its warm and welcoming people and its accessibility are all major assets in terms of the city’s image. Recently classified as an ‘area of excellence’ on account of the quality of its higher education, scientific research and technological innovation, Marseille is seeking to boost its competitiveness on the international stage and be regarded as a ‘hot spot’ of the knowledge economy. The large numbers of local ‘French tech’ start-ups in the digital, transmedia and audiovisual sectors (notably around the Belle de Mai hub) have put the city in the vanguard of developments in these industries. Back to menu FAMOUS RESIDENTS • Edmond Rostand, dramatist and member of the French Academy (1868–1918) – author of Cyrano de Bergerac • Marcel Pagnol, writer and filmmaker (1895–1974) – perhaps the most famous of all Provencal authors, both for his books and for his films • Jean-Claude Izzo, journalist and writer (1945–2000) – Izzo rejuvenated the French noir genre with his crime novels set in Marseille • IAM, rap group (formed in 1989) – these pioneers of French rap created a Marseille scene that is still vibrant today • César Baldaccini, sculptor (1921–1998) – a world-renowned artist behind many sculptures in Marseille, perhaps the most famous a giant thumb Back to menu THINGS TO SEE • The Notre-Dame-de-la-Garde church stands high above Marseille and offers panoramic views of the city and its harbour. The church was constructed between 1853 and 1899 on the site of a former military camp, and the golden statue of the Virgin with child that sits atop it is known as 'La Bonne Mère' and has become the symbolic protector of Marseille. Notre-Dame de la Garde basilica©AFP • The Château d'If was built in 1527 on one of the Frioul islands in the Bay of Marseille on the orders of King Francis I. Initially used as a fort, Château d'If soon became a royal prison. The famous iron mask and Edmond Dantès, the Count of Monte Cristo, were both housed here (although Alexandre Dumas's Count is a purely fictional character). • Le Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM – Museum of the Civilisations of Europe and the Mediterranean), designed by architect Rudy Ricciotti and located at the entrance to	European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") European Footballer of the Year ("Ballon d'Or") Since 1956 the bi-weekly (formerly weekly) French magazine France Football awards the "Ballon d'Or" for the best European Footballer of the calendar year. Only players from European clubs are eligible. Until 1994 any player from an European National Team was eligible; since 1995 any player from a European club (regardless of his nationality) is eligible but he must also be part of a preliminary list of 50 players established by France Football. Voters are journalists - one from each member country of UEFA. Each voter chooses 5 players and points are awarded as follows: 5 points for a first place in a voters' list, 4 points for second, 3 points for third, 2 points for fourth, and 1 point for fifth. In 2010 the election was not held but combined with the FIFA World Player of the Year . As that is (theoretically) not restricted to players active at European clubs, that is considered the end of the European Footballer of the Year. The cooperation between FIFA and France Football ended in 2016; since that year France Football again offers its own award. Palmares 1956 Stanley MATTHEWS (Eng) Blackpool (Eng) 1957 Alfredo DI ST�FANO (Spa []) Real Madrid (Spa) 1958 Raymond KOPA (Fra) Real Madrid (Spa) 1959 Alfredo DI ST�FANO (Spa []) Real Madrid (Spa) 1960 Luis SU�REZ (Spa) Barcelona (Spa) 1961 Omar SIVORI (Ita [*]) Juventus (Ita) 1962 Josef MASOPUST (Cze) Dukla Praha (Cze) 1963 Lev YASHIN (SU) Dynamo Moskva (SU) 1964 Denis LAW (Sco) Manchester United (Eng) 1965 EUS�BIO (Por) Benfica (Por) 1966 Bobby CHARLTON (Eng) Manchester United (Eng) 1967 Fl�ri�n ALBERT (Hun) Ferencv�ros (Hun) 1968 George BEST (Nil) Manchester United (Eng) 1969 Gianni RIVERA (Ita) Milan (Ita) 1970 Gerd M�LLER (Ger) Bayern M�nchen (Ger) 1971 Johan CRUIJFF (Net) Ajax (Net) 1972 Franz BECKENBAUER (Ger) Bayern M�nchen (Ger) 1973 Johan CRUIJFF (Net) Barcelona (Spa) 1974 Johan CRUIJFF (Net) Barcelona (Spa) 1975 Oleg BLOKHIN (SU) Dynamo Kiev (SU) 1976 Franz BECKENBAUER (Ger) Bayern M�nchen (Ger) 1977 Alan SIMONSEN (Den) Borussia M�nchengladbach (Ger) 1978 Kevin KEEGAN (Eng) Hamburger SV (Ger) 1979 Kevin KEEGAN (Eng) Hamburger SV (Ger) 1980 Karl-Heinz RUMMENIGGE (Ger) Bayern M�nchen (Ger) 1981 Karl-Heinz RUMMENIGGE (Ger) Bayern M�nchen (Ger) 1982 Paolo ROSSI (Ita) Juventus (Ita) 1983 Michel PLATINI (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1984 Michel PLATINI (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1985 Michel PLATINI (Fra) Juventus (Ita) 1986 Igor BELANOV (SU) Dynamo Kiev (SU) 1987 Ruud GULLIT (Net) Milan (Ita) 1988 Marco VAN BASTEN (Net) Milan (Ita) 1989 Marco VAN BASTEN (Net) Milan (Ita) 1990 Lothar MATTH�US (Ger) Internazionale (Ita) 1991 Jean-Pierre PAPIN (Fra) Olympique Marseille (Fra) 1992 Marco VAN BASTEN (Net) Milan (Ita) 1993 Roberto BAGGIO (Ita) Juventus (Ita) 1994 Hristo STOITCHKOV (Bul) Barcelona (Spa) 1995 George WEAH (Lib) Milan (Ita) 1996 Matthias SAMMER (Ger) Borussia Dortmund (Ger) 1997 RONALDO (Bra) Internazionale (Ita) 1998 Zinedine ZIDANE (Fra)	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,791	Which male Russian won the 100/200 metre double at the 1972 Olympics?	Video of Sprinter Valeri Borzov 100 meters, Olympic Champion Video of Sprinter Valeri Borzov 100 meters, Olympic Champion July 22, 2007 by Jimson Lee 3 Comments Valeri Borzov is the double gold medalist in the 100 meters and 200 meters at the 1972 Olympics in Munich. He also won a silver medal in the 4×100 meter relay. In the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, he added 2 bronze medals in the 100 meters and 4×100 meter relay. He retired in 1979 due to injuries which prevented him from competing in the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Here is the video (duration 2:58 min) Jimson Lee Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation , writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America. 8 Questions on Consistent Training Methodology - December 31, 2016 Related October 8, 2007 at 12:05 am […] So who is Marian Woronin? I’ve searched a lot of archives, and all I could find was this quarter-final race. Techically, he pops up after 5 strides, and he eases the last 20 meters to coast in a 10.28 seconds. But the man is smooth, very similar to Valeri Borzov! […] SEARCH OR LOOKUP BY CATEGORY SEARCH OR LOOKUP BY CATEGORY https://www.youtube.com/user/speedendurance/ About Me Online since 2002, with the addition of the Blog in 2007, SpeedEndurance.com is the book I never wrote with 2000+ articles. I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK and participate in numerous foundation projects, including the re-releasing of Bud Winter’s books and audio. 30 Day Free Coaching Program Sign up for this Program and you will receive an email every day for the next 30 days with links to over 60 manuals! Contributors include Clyde Hart, Tom Tellez, Dan Pfaff, Loren Seagrave, Don Chu, plus my free 36 page report on Jamaican Sprint Secrets, with insights to Stephen Francis and Glen Mills Now Available! Bud Winter's updated 1963 classic "Rocket Sprint Start" is now available. The original book with Armin Hary and Dennis Johnson remains intact with an all new update using comparisons with Jamaican Sprinters. A must read for anyone who coaches events that uses Starting Blocks. Copyright © 2017. SpeedEndurance.com is owned and operated by Aryta Ltd.	Olympic highlights: August 21, 2008 - Wikinews, the free news source Olympic highlights: August 21, 2008 From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! This is the stable version , checked on 25 February 2009. Template/file changes await review. Accuracy Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games Other stories from the 2008 Olympic Games August 21, 2008 is the 12th major day of the 2008 Olympic games. The below article lists some of the highlights. Contents Events Women's 20km walk Olga Kaniskina , who represents Russia, has set a new Olympic record in the women's 20km walk with her time of 1 hour and 36 minutes. After the race Kaniskina said that the weather did not affect the record. "I think my regular training is the most important factor contributing to my victory," she said, explaining the factors that she believes led her to victory. Star class sailing Britons Iain Percy and Andy Simptson won the gold medal in the star class sailing event after a successful performance in the final round, which took place today. The pair started today in silver medal position, and gained one place in the final round to win the gold medal. Tornado class sailing Spanish Fernando Echavarri and Anton Paz won an Olympic gold medal in Sailing's fast Tornado catamaran class. Darren Bundock and Glenn Ashby from Australia finished in second place and the Argentinean pair of Santiago Lange and Carlos Espinola won the bronze medal. Men's marathon 10 km swimming Maarten van der Weijden, a long distance swimmer from the Netherlands, beat the favorites in the men's marathon 10 km swimming event to secure the gold medal with a time of 1:51:51.6. David Davies, who was one of the favourites to win the gold medal, was overtaken by Weijden in the final 500 metres of the race. Davies finished 1.5 seconds behind Weijden. Women's beach volleyball Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh won the Olympic gold medal for the United States in the women's beach volleyball competition by winning every set in the final against the Chinese Tian Jia and Wang Jie . Both sets were won 21-18. Men's 400 meters sprint American LaShawn Merritt won the final of the Men's 400 meters in an event which saw all three of the medals going to the American team. Women's 200m sprint Jamaican Veronica Campbell-Brown won the gold medal in the final of the women's 200m sprint with a time of 21.74 seconds. Allyson Felix , the defending Olympic champion, who was representing United States, won the silver medal, with her time being approximately 0.2 seconds behind the time of the winner. Men's Triple Jump Nelson Evora won the men's triple jump at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Evora won the gold medal with a jump of 17.67 meters beating silver medalist Phillips Idowu of Great Britain by 5 centimeters (17.62 meters). Leevan Sanders of the Bahamas won the bronze medal with a triple jump of 17.59 meters. link Nelson Evora of Portugal Wins Men’s Triple Jump Gold Medal Medal Table	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,792	In which European city is The Council of Europe?	Council of Europe Treaty office Treaty office 18 January 2017 "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" signed the Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism ( CETS No. 217 ). 16 January 2017 Portugal ratified Protocol No. 12 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ( ETS No. 177 ) and Protocol No. 15 amending the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ( CETS No. 213 ). Events events Strasbourg 16 January 2017	Treaties Library » International & Area Studies Library » Portal to The European Union at Illinois » EU Institutions » Treaties Treaties Official Treaties are the foundations of the European Union and the primary source of EU law. Europa's European Treaties page provides an overview of the major treaties and includes links to explanatory texts for certain treaties (see lower-right corner of page). The Founding Treaties (Quotations taken from Europa's How the European Union Works ) Treaty Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Also known as "Treaty of Paris" Signed: April 18, 1951, Paris Came into force: July 23, 1952 Expired: July 23, 2002 Created the three "European Communities"--"the system of joint decision-making on coal, steel, nuclear power and other major sectors of the member states' economies." Established free trade area for many important economic and military resources. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Also known as "Treaty of Rome" Formerly known as the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) Signed: March 25, 1957, Rome Came into force: January 1, 1958 Amended by the Treaty of Lisbon as of December 1, 2009 Created a common market aimed at facilitating the movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. Abolished all internal tariffs. Established a common agricultural policy (CAP) and a common external trade policy. Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Also signed in Rome--same dates as above Euratom was established to facilitate and encourage cooperation in atomic energy development and use. Treaty on European Union (EU) Also known as "The Maastricht Treaty" Signed: February 7, 1992, Maastricht Came into force: November 1, 1993 Amended by the Treaty of Lisbon as of December 1, 2009 Established the European Union. Granted EU citizenship to every citizen of EU member states. Introduced central banking system and unified currency, the euro. "Introduced new forms of co-operation between the member state governments--for example on defence and in the area of 'justice and home affairs.' By adding this inter-governmental co-operation to the existing 'Community' system, the Maastricht Treaty created a new structure with three "pillars" which is political as well as economic. This is the European Union." Maastricht also renamed the EEC (created in the Treaty of Rome) to simply the EC--European Community--since the community's role had expanded beyond just economic concerns. Treaty of Lisbon Signed: December 13, 2007 came into force: December 1, 2009 The Treaty of Lisbon amends the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community. It increased the legislative and budgetary powers of the European Parliament, and created the function of President of the European Council. The voting rules in the Council were also amended, calculating a double majority according to member states and according to EU population as a whole. The Treaty of Lisbon is also notable for containing the first explicit recognition of the right of a member state to leave the Union. Other Treaties (Quotations taken from Europa's How the European Union Works ) Single European Act (SEA) Signed: February 1986 Came into force: July 1, 1987 Expanded scope of EEC. "Amended the EEC treaty and paved the way for completing the Single Market." Treaty of Amsterdam Signed: October 2, 1997 Came into force: May 1, 1999 "Amended the EU and EC treaties, giving numbers (instead of letters) to the EU Treaty articles" Treaty of Nice Signed: February 26, 2001 Came into force: February 1, 2003 "Further amends the other treaties, streamlining the EU's institutional system so it can continue to work effectively after a new wave of member states joins in 2004" Treaties of Accession Various dates The founding treaties are amended whenever new member states join the European Union. The most recent such amendment was in 2005, when Romania and Bulgaria were admitted to the EU. A complete list of the accession treaties is here . The Treaties area of EUR-Lex contains the	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,793	Which of the Nobel prizes is awarded in Norway, not Sweden?	Why Norway? \| Nobels fredspris You are here:: Home > Nobel Peace Prize > Why Norway? Why Norway? No one knows for certain why Alfred Nobel wanted the Peace Prize in particular to be awarded by a Norwegian committee - or what prompted him to include Norway in the Nobel Prize proceedings at all. There is a good deal of evidence to suggest that it was through his friendship with the Austrian author and peace activist Bertha von Suttner that he became convinced that peace ought to be included among the five prize categories. But could he not just as well have given a Swedish committee responsibility for the award? He may have been influenced by a number of circumstances. For one thing, there was a union between Sweden and Norway, and it may in many ways have seemed right and proper for the union's little brother also to have a say. Seeing that Sweden's research in the natural sciences and medicine was more advanced than Norway's, it was natural to establish those prize committees in Sweden. Nobel was a great admirer of Norwegian literature, but Norway as a nation had no literary institution capable of managing the Literature Prize with the authority of the Swedish Academy. Peace was the only remaining area. Nobel may moreover also have felt that Norway was in fact better suited than Sweden to awarding a prize for peace. The country did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden, and at the end of the nineteenth century the Norwegian Storting (legislative assembly) had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary Union and its efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration. It would appear that Nobel set great store by such commitment. It has also been suggested that Nobel may have been influenced by his adviser Ragnar Sohlman, whose wife was Norwegian, or by the Norwegian author and campaigner for peace Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, whom Nobel greatly admired. ON NOBEL PEACE PRIZE	The Nobel Prizes: A family tradition - USATODAY.com The Nobel Prizes: A family tradition Posted 10/4/2006 9:12 AM ET By Karl Ritter, The Associated Press STOCKHOLM For some Nobel Prize laureates, winning the coveted awards is a family tradition. Six fathers-and-sons, four married couples and two brothers have won Nobels since the first awards were handed out in 1901. But no one beats the Curie family of France. Marie Curie became the first woman laureate when she shared the physics prize in 1903 with her husband, Pierre. Marie went on to win a second Nobel eight years later, this time in chemistry. Their daughter Irene Joliot-Curie followed suit, sharing the 1935 chemistry prize with her husband Frederic Joliot for their synthesis of radioactive elements. They remain the only family to have won husband-wife awards through two generations. On Wednesday, Roger D. Kornberg became the latest laureate to continue a Nobel family tradition when he was pronounced the winner of the 2006 chemistry award. His father, Arthur Kornberg, won the medicine prize in 1959. Roger Kornberg still remembers joining his father at age 12 to pick up the award at a pomp-filled ceremony in Stockholm. "I can recall vividly traveling Stockholm in 1959, at the time of my father's award. I have always been an admirer of his work and that of many others preceding me," Roger Kornberg said. Hakan Wennerstrom, chairman of the chemistry prize committee, said Kornberg's family history may have been part of the reason he was allowed to conduct his research for more than a decade before producing a single major publication of his results. That is a rare luxury in the world of science, where financial backers often want instant results, he said. "I guess it helps to have a father who is a Nobel laureate." Only one father-son duo has been honored for the same Nobel Prize. In 1915, Briton William Bragg shared the physics award with his 25-year-old son Lawrence Bragg — the youngest Nobel laureate ever. Danish scientist Niels Bohr won the Nobel physics prize in 1922 and his son Aage Bohr repeated the feat in 1975. Other father-son laureates are Swedes Hans von Euler-Chelpin (chemistry, 1929) and Ulf von Euler (medicine, 1970) and Manne Siegbahn (physics, 1924) and Kai Siegbahn (physics, 1981). Briton Joseph John Thomson and his son George Thomson both won the physics prize, in 1906 and 1937, respectively. The only siblings to bask in Nobel glory were Jan and Nikolaas Tinbergen of the Netherlands. Jan won the first award in economics in 1969 while Nikolaas won the medicine prize in 1973. In a 2004 article, Dutch economist Auke R. Leen examined why both brothers won Nobels despite having completely different personalities and interests. "They did share several factors: genes and family upbringing that encouraged intellectual curiosity and independent thinking," Leen wrote. The only Nobel Prize free of family traditions is the literature award. No direct relative of a literature prize winner is among the Nobel laureates. Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Posted 10/4/2006 9:12 AM ET	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,794	What is the next in this series: Los Angeles, Seoul, Barcelona, Atlanta?	Heat \| Brain Teasers \| ArcaMax Publishing Your email is safe with us. Privacy Policy or What are the last three letters in this series? S, L, S, A, P, A, L, B, L, H, M, R, T, M, M, M, M, L, S, ?, ?, ? Solution: B, A, S. The letters are the first initials of the host cities for the Summer Olympics through the 20th century: Saint Louis, London, Stockholm, Antwerp, Paris, Amsterdam, Los Angeles, Berlin, London, Helsinki, Melbourne, Rome, Tokyo, Mexico City, Munich, Montreal, Moscow, Los Angeles, Seoul, Barcelona, Atlanta, Sydney Today's brain teaser courtesy of Braingle.com .	1992 Barcelona Summer Games \| Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 1992 Barcelona Summer Games Host City: Barcelona, Spain (July 24, 1992 to August 9, 1992) Opening Ceremony: July 25, 1992 (opened by King Juan Carlos I) Lighter of the Olympic Flame: (used arrow) Taker of the Olympic Oath: Luis Doreste (athlete) Closing Ceremony: August 9, 1992 Events: 257 in 29 sports Participants: 9,386 (6,659 men and 2,721 women) from 169 countries Youngest Participant: Carlos Front (11 years, 251 days) Oldest Participant: Carl Eiríksson (62 years, 213 days) Most Medals (Athlete): Unified Team (112 medals) Overview Barcelona had bid to host the Olympic Games in [1924], [1936], and [1940], without success. In 1986, when the IOC awarded the 1992 Olympic Games to Barcelona, it was considered by many to be in honor of IOC President [Juan Antonio Samaranch], as he was a native of Barcelona. But the Barcelona Olympics became the Games of the New World Order, and they were the most highly attended Olympics in history, both in terms of countries and athletes attending. After four consecutive Olympics with some form of protest or boycott, the Barcelona Olympics were boycott-free. » Click to show/hide rest of overview Since [Seoul in 1988], the world had taken on a new face. The Soviet Union no longer existed but the Commonwealth of Independent States did. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were once again free countries. East and West Germany were no more, replaced again by a unified Germany. Yugoslavia was now split into several republics, and only a few days before the Olympics began, the IOC granted Bosnia and Herzegovina provisional recognition to allow that new nation to compete. North and South Yemen had merged into one. All of these new national groupings appeared at Barcelona. South Africa had eliminated, at least constitutionally, apartheid, and competed at Olympia for the first time since 1960. The Commonwealth of Independent States competed as a )Unified Team) for the only time, representing all the former republics of the Soviet Union, save for the Baltic States. In the future, the separate former republics of the Soviet Union would compete as independent nations. The Games were opened beautifully and dramatically as archer Antônio Rebollo lit the Olympic flame via bow and arrow. The drama and beauty of Catalunya continued on stage throughout the 16 days of the Olympics. There was concern about terrorist activity because the area was home to some terrorist groups. The terrorist group Basque Liberty and Homeland (ETA) had killed more than 700 people during the past 20 years. Shortly before the Games, French police forces captured most of the ETA leaders, and it was discovered that plans were already in force to disrupt the Olympics. But the fears were unfounded and no major incidents occurred. The competition was excellent. For the first time since 1972, all the major nations of the world attended. The most publicized athletes were the American basketball players. The U.S. was allowed to use professional players from the NBA (National Basketball Association), since all the other nations were by now using professionals. The NBA All-Star team, nicknamed "The Dream Team", did not disappoint, putting on a clinic for all nations and winning the gold medal unchallenged. They were led by professional greats [Magic Johnson], [Michael Jordan], and [Larry Bird], among others. Many East European countries and the former Soviets continued to dominate certain sports, such as gymnastics and weightlifting. But with the changing economic picture in those countries, the future of their sports programs was in doubt. With the coming [Games in Atlanta], the status of those programs was a matter of great conjecture. There were many great athletic performances but, other than the Dream Team, it seemed no one athlete seemed to capture these Games like so many had in the past. It was probably fitting as then no athlete seemed larger than the Olympic Games themselves; fitting for Barcelona was possibly the finest manifestation yet seen o	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,795	Cape Finisterre is the most westerly mainland point of which country?	MARKET PLACE MARCH 2015 by Baker Pickard SL (page 41) - issuu issuu Taste of India Tandoori Restaurante C/. Carabeo, 51 Nerja We specialize in traditional dishes and take great pride in serving authentic Indian food of the finest quality in a relaxed, friendly atmosphere. All dishes are cooked with fresh and natural ingredients. Reserve your table 10% discount on take-away Open every evening Except Tuesday for Dinner: 1900 till 2300 NAME JUMBLE 20 E Prize Entries for the Name Jumble can be handed in to our sales office in Calle Castilla Perez, posted to Apartado de Correos 230, 29780 Nerja, or sent by e-mail to info@ themarketplace-spain.com. For posted entries please ensure the first line of the address reads 'Apartado de Correos 230' because new post office regulations mean it won't be delivered otherwise. Entries for the Name Jumble must be received by the 12th of the month. The answer will be published in next month's edition of Market Place together with the winner's name. The first correct entry drawn will win a meal for two up to 20 Euros. Please e-mail: info@themarketplace-spain. com to claim your prize. Taste of India Tandoori Restaurante Map spot 46 C/. Carabeo, 51 - Nerja, Tel: 95 252 0043 Congratulations to Bill Ogilvie of Torrox the winner of last month's Name Jumble competition....Well Done! Last Monthâ€™s Answer: A S H T O N K U T C H E R Tel: 95 252 0043 1. The movie 'Gone in 60 Seconds' featured which type of car with the nickname 'Elanor'? Dodge Charger F Ford Mustang E Pontiac Trans-Am G 2. Which boxing class is heaviest? Flyweight Bantam weight Feather weight R S O Answer the questions and ring around the letter. When you have answered all the questions collect the letters & rearrange to find the name of a well known tv personality. 3. What colour is the cross on the Greek flag? White N Blue T Black I 4. Diana Ross had a hit with 'Chain Reaction' but who wrote it? Dolly Parton C Stevie Wonder N The Bee Gees R 5. The flower Convallaria is better known as what? Lily of the valley R Marigold J Tulip K 6. If you are suffering from varicella what have you got? Varicose Veins L Chickenpox G Cold Sores O 7. In which city were the 1960 Summer Olympic Games held? Athens Paris Rome I U M 1 8. From which musical does the song 'There's no Business like Show Business' come? Annie get your Gun I Guys and Dolls U Singin in the Rain A 9. Cape Finisterre is the most westerly mainland point of which country? Spain France Canada 10. Which character did Adrian Edmondson play in the BBC comedy 'The Young Ones'? Rik E Vivien A Neil S 11. Who did Bjorn Borg beat to win his first Wimbledon singles title? Ilie Nastase S Jimmy Connors E Roscoe Tanner B 2	BBC - Press Office - Coast presenter biographies Nicholas Crane Nicholas Crane is a geographer and a journalist. A regular contributor to The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Telegraph, he is the author of nine books and has also found time to undertake a 10,000 kilometre mountain walk across Europe, from the Atlantic to the Black Sea. Gripped by the pedestrian bug, he has also attempted to walk in a straight line along the length of England. In addition to Coast, Nicholas is working on a second series of Map Man for BBC TWO, after the first series received critical acclaim last year. Nicholas's most recent published work is Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet - the first English-language biography of the world's greatest cartographer. In 1993 Nicholas was awarded the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's Mungo Park medal. In 2000 he won the USA's Polartec Adventurer of the Year Award, for a lifetime devoted to bold, low-impact adventure. Nicholas is a Fellow of The Royal Geographical Society, sits on the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, and is a member of The Royal Society of Literature. He is married with three children, and lives in London. What have been the 'highs' and 'lows' of filming Coast? One of the highs has definitely got to be seeing the metholic footprints exposed between the tide lines in the Gwent Levels in the Bristol Channel. One of the most dramatic moments was jumping off a lifeboat in the Irish Sea in November to survive in freezing seas for the ten minutes it takes on average to be rescued. A low was probably the few alarming moments when we got stuck on Bell Rock because we had problems with the inflatable boat that took us there. Another high was flying in the coastguard helicopter off the coast of the Outer Hebrides to see what role they play in safeguarding the rural communities there. I got a real insight into the courage and dedication of a group of people who don't often get much credit for doing a dangerous job which is virtually always in difficult conditions. What is your favourite UK coastal place and why? One is Blakeney Point in Norfolk because it's one of those wonderfully remote spots. You can lose yourself there amongst the sand dunes. It's a dynamic part of the British coastline which is changing quickly. In Tudor times there was a port there, and you can trace the outline of the port - it's now the village green. Cape Wrath is one of my other favourite places in the top left hand corner of Scotland. It's wonderfully remote, with fantastic cliffs and big white sandy beaches. It was the turning point for the Viking ships as they travelled along the coast, and the trip to the point is wonderful, whether walking or going on the minibus that runs during the summer. What is your favourite coastal activity? Walking, sailing, kayaking, and lying on the sand with my eyes closed feeling the sun beating down on me. What is the best thing you've found at the coast? Space and solitude. I'm from central London, so it's nice to go to the coast and get away from it all. At the coast you're on an exciting junction between sea and land. What hobbies do you have? My main passion is to write books, and I'm going to go back to writing again soon once I've finished all my television commitments. I also have three children, so they become your hobby - mucking about with them. Where do you holiday on the UK coast? As a family we holiday in the UK and our most recent breaks have been to the Outer Hebrides and Assynt - a stretch of remote coast - and Cape Wrath on the north west coast of Scotland. What is your favourite seaside food? It has to be a toss-up between fresh scallops from a little pub I know in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,796	The first single to sell over two million copies in Great Britain was written as a tribute to where in Great Britain?	UK Number One Songs of the 70s UK Number One Songs of the 70s Updated on November 15, 2015 Source The 1970s Number One Songs on Video 1970s popular music in the UK proved that variety is the spice of life, and the Number One hit songs of the decade reflect this phenomenon. From 1970 onwards, the music scene in Britain changed dramatically and a myriad of musical styles reinforced the varying tastes of the average record buyer. Some of the most popular styles that took the British charts by storm were Glam Rock at the beginning of the decade, progressing to Disco and Punk Rock towards the end. In between saw novelty records, the progression of the rock single and the continuing evolution of teen pop, represented by the likes of David Cassidy, Donny Osmond and the Bay City Rollers. Most of these styles and artists were very popular for a time, and their records sold by the shed load. To see the musical changes across the decade is a fascinating exercise, and so this page brings together all the Number One hits from the UK in a video package, together with some short comments regarding each one. The source for this compilation is the Record Retailer/Music Week chart, which was broadcast by the BBC each Sunday evening. Source Matthews' Southern Comfort UK Number One Hits of 1970 31st Jan (5 weeks) Edison Lighthouse - Love Grows (Where My Rosemary Goes): Only ever UK Number One for this studio act. Lead singer Tony Burrows also sang on hits for many other groups. 7th Mar (3 weeks) Lee Marvin - Wandrin' Star: Only UK Number One for this actor with a song from the film Paint Your Wagon. 28th Mar (3 weeks) Simon & Garfunkel - Bridge Over Troubled Water: Surprisingly, the duo's only ever UK Number One. Only Art Garfunkel sings on this classic, but Paul Simon went on to greater solo success, even though he never had a UK Number One again, while Garfunkel did. 18th Apr (2 weeks) Dana - All Kinds Of Everything: First Eurovision Song Contest winner for Ireland. Her chart career was short-lived and this was her only UK Number One. 2nd May (2 weeks) Norman Greenbaum - Spirit In The Sky: Only ever UK Number One for Greenbaum with a self-penned song. Doctor & The Medics took the track to Number One again in 1986. 16th May (3 weeks) England World Cup Squad - Back Home: Mexico World Cup Football sing-along by the 1970 England team. 6th Jun (1 week) Christie - Yellow River: Only ever UK Number One for Jeff Christie with a song he wrote for the Tremeloes. They turned it down, so he recorded it himself. 13th Jun (7 weeks) Mungo Jerry - In The Summertime: First UK Number One for this group led by Ray Dorset. 1st Aug (6 weeks) Elvis Presley - The Wonder Of You: Elvis revived his career in Las Vegas and this was a live recording from his show. At this point, he was only one behind the Beatles as this was his 16th UK Number One. 12th Sep (1 week) Smokey Robinson & The Miracles - Tears Of A Clown: First UK Number One for Motown singer Smokey Robinson who would have to wait another 11 years before hitting the top spot again. 19th Sep (6 weeks) Freda Payne - Band Of Gold: Only ever UK Number One for this American actress. 31st Oct (3 weeks) Matthews' Southern Comfort - Woodstock: Written by Canadian folk legend Joni Mitchell, MSC's only UK Number One was about the famous rock festival of 1969. 21st Nov (1 week) Jimi Hendrix - Voodoo Chile: Posthumous Number One for the American guitar legend who died in London a couple of months earlier. 28th Nov (6 weeks) Dave Edmunds - I Hear You Knockin': Only ever UK Number One for Dave Edmunds who had further hit single success later in the Seventies. Source Slade UK Number One Hits of 1971 January 5 ( 3 weeks) Clive Dunn - Grandad: Only UK Number One for this Dad's Army star who gained sales on the back of seasonal sentimentality. January 26 (5 weeks) George Harrison - My Sweet Lord: First UK Number One for the ex-Beatle. Following the song's release, musical similarities between it and The Chiffons' hit He's So Fine led to a lengthy legal battle over the rights to the composition. March 2 (2 weeks) Mungo Jerr	Robert Graves (Author of I, Claudius) edit data Robert Ranke Graves, born in Wimbledon, received his early education at King's College School and Copthorne Prep School, Wimbledon & Charterhouse School and won a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford. While at Charterhouse in 1912, he fell in love with G. H. Johnstone, a boy of fourteen ("Dick" in Goodbye to All That) When challenged by the headmaster he defended himself by citing Plato, Greek poets, Michelangelo & Shakespeare, "who had felt as I did". At the outbreak of WWI, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about h Robert Ranke Graves, born in Wimbledon, received his early education at King's College School and Copthorne Prep School, Wimbledon & Charterhouse School and won a scholarship to St John's College, Oxford. While at Charterhouse in 1912, he fell in love with G. H. Johnstone, a boy of fourteen ("Dick" in Goodbye to All That) When challenged by the headmaster he defended himself by citing Plato, Greek poets, Michelangelo & Shakespeare, "who had felt as I did". At the outbreak of WWI, Graves enlisted almost immediately, taking a commission in the Royal Welch Fusiliers. He published his first volume of poems, Over the Brazier, in 1916. He developed an early reputation as a war poet and was one of the first to write realistic poems about his experience of front line conflict. In later years he omitted war poems from his collections, on the grounds that they were too obviously "part of the war poetry boom". At the Battle of the Somme he was so badly wounded by a shell-fragment through the lung that he was expected to die, and indeed was officially reported as 'died of wounds'. He gradually recovered. Apart from a brief spell back in France, he spent the rest of the war in England. One of Graves's closest friends at this time was the poet Siegfried Sassoon, who was also an officer in the RWF. In 1917 Sassoon tried to rebel against the war by making a public anti-war statement. Graves, who feared Sassoon could face a court martial, intervened with the military authorities and persuaded them that he was suffering from shell shock, and to treat him accordingly. Graves also suffered from shell shock, or neurasthenia as it is sometimes called, although he was never hospitalised for it. Biographers document the story well. It is fictionalised in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration. The intensity of their early relationship is nowhere demonstrated more clearly than in Graves's collection Fairies & Fusiliers (1917), which contains a plethora of poems celebrating their friendship. Through Sassoon, he also became friends with Wilfred Owen, whose talent he recognised. Owen attended Graves's wedding to Nancy Nicholson in 1918, presenting him with, as Graves recalled, "a set of 12 Apostle spoons". Following his marriage and the end of the war, Graves belatedly took up his place at St John's College, Oxford. He later attempted to make a living by running a small shop, but the business failed. In 1926 he took up a post at Cairo University, accompanied by his wife, their children and the poet Laura Riding. He returned to London briefly, where he split with his wife under highly emotional circumstances before leaving to live with Riding in Deià, Majorca. There they continued to publish letterpress books under the rubric of the Seizin Press, founded and edited the literary journal Epilogue, and wrote two successful academic books together: A Survey of Modernist Poetry (1927) and A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (1928). In 1927, he published Lawrence and the Arabs, a commercially successful biography of T.E. Lawrence. Good-bye to All That (1929, revised and republished in 1957) proved a success but cost him many of his friends, notably Sassoon. In 1934 he published his most commercially successful work, I, Claudius. Using classical sources he constructed a complexly compelling t	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,797	Ynys Gybi is the Welsh name for which island?	Glannau Ynys Gybi/ Holy Island Coast - Special Area of Conservation - SAC - Habitats Directive Glannau Ynys Gybi/ Holy Island Coast Site details Location of Glannau Ynys Gybi/ Holy Island Coast SAC/SCI/cSAC Country West Wales and The Valleys Centroid* Designated Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Area (ha) 460.01 * This is the approximate central point of the SAC. In the case of large, linear or composite sites, this may not represent the location where a feature occurs within the SAC. General site character Shingle, Sea cliffs, Islets (25%) Inland water bodies (Standing water, Running water) (0.5%) Heath, Scrub, Maquis and Garrigue, Phygrana (71%) Dry grassland, Steppes (1%) Inland rocks, Screes, Sands, Permanent Snow and ice (2.5%) Boundary map and associated biodiversity information on the NBN Gateway. Natura 2000 standard data form for this site as submitted to Europe (PDF, < 100kb). Note: When undertaking an appropriate assessment of impacts at a site, all features of European importance (both primary and non-primary) need to be considered. Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for selection of this site 1230 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts Holy Island, off the north-west coast of Wales, has hard rock acidic cliffs and supports important examples of coastal cliff heathland vegetation. In addition to maritime heath with several rare species such as spotted rock-rose Tuberaria guttata, there are extensive maritime cliff-crevice and grassland communities. The maritime influence is not as extreme as in north Scotland, and this site represents an important part of the range of variation on the mid-west coast of the UK. 4030 European dry heaths Glannau Ynys Gybi/ Holy Island Coast is the most important site in north Wales for maritime forms of European dry heaths. The main NVC types are H7 Calluna vulgaris ï¿½ Scilla verna heath and H8 Calluna vulgaris ï¿½ Ulex gallii heath. The dry heathland is associated with small areas of wet heath and forms part of a complete zonation from maritime grassland through maritime heath to inland heath to inland heath with bracken Pteridium aquilinum to bramble Rubus fruticosus scrub. The heath is an important locus for spotted rock-rose Tuberaria guttata. Annex I habitats present as a qualifying feature, but not a primary reason for selection of this site Annex II species that are a primary reason for selection of this site Not applicable.	Rio Rio You're Reading a Free Preview Pages 3 to 24 are not shown in this preview. This action might not be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue? CANCEL We've moved you to where you read on your other device. Get the full title to continue Get the full title to continue reading from where you left off, or restart the preview. Restart preview	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,798	Give the more common name for the plant, the Cranesbill?	How to Plant, Grow and Purchase Geranium (cranesbill) You have not viewed any items, or you have cookies disabled. Geranium (Cranesbill) Geraniums were once considered the "must have" plant for English gardens and with over 400 species it wasn't long before cultivars developed popularity with gardeners world wide. Buyers beware however as perennial geraniums are not related to annual geraniums which are actually in the genus Pelargonium. A true geranium is a cold hardy perennial that will prove to be long-lived and add years of beauty and graceful charm to any garden. Plant Highlight: Geranium (Cranesbill) Botanical and Common Name: Perennial Geranium is also called Cranesbill because of the shape of the seed pods once the petals have faded. Seed heads snap open like bird beaks to release the seeds. Hardiness Zones: Geranium is hardy in zones 4 - 9. Bloom Time & Color: Most hardy geraniums bloom for months beginning around May and continuing until October or November. If the cup shaped flowers fade in the summer heat trim the plant back and water deeply to encourage repeat blooming. Plant Category: A true geranium is a hardy perennial. Originally cultivated from native alpine plants they are very cold hardy. Foliage: The foliage of most geraniums is finely divided or lobed. Growth Habit: Many cranesbill geraniums have slightly sprawling growth habits that become lanky with over fertilizing. Dimensions: Geraniums come in sizes ranging from 6-8" all the way to 3' or taller. Check specific cultivar information for details. Preferred Conditions: Geraniums prefer light shade to full sun except in hot humid areas where part shade is best. Well-drained soil is best. Maintenance: Easy to keep, geraniums seldom require any extra care at all except some fertilizing at the beginning of the growing season. Sometimes if blooms fade in the heat of summer trim the plant back, snip off the spent blooms and water deeply to encourage a new flush of blooms that will last until winter frost. Fertilize once at the beginning of the growth season to prevent lanky growth that will result with too-frequent fertilizing. Pests or Diseases: No real pests or diseases cause problems for cranesbills. Propagation Methods: Many Geraniums set seed and it is the seedpods that give cranesbill the common name. Some hybrids are sterile or do not come true from seed so divisions can be taken or cuttings grown for propagation that holds true. Cuttings can be difficult to root so division is easier for propagation reasons, but seldom necessary for plant heath. Companion Plants: Geraniums do well planted under and through other small shrubs and one particularly nice arrangement I noticed was a purple flowering geranium ('Victor Reiter') planted under an Azalea with apricot blooms. The combined plants looked stunning intertwined together. Consider other summer blooming plants such as garden phlox, Coreopsis, , or Gaillardia . Seasons of Interest: Spring foliage and buds emerge early and the plants grow quickly to allow the geraniums to be in bloom around May. Flowers last until fall, and some until winter frosts. Most species are not evergreen but a few are as noted below. Uses in the Garden: Great for mixed borders, under shrubs and small woody trees, or in containers. Varieties & Cultivars Geranium 'Brookside': This geranium is hardy and has a better blue than the previous 'Johnson's blue' cultivar. Lacy fine foliage is a beautiful mound of grey-green color that offsets the large bowl-shaped Geranium blossoms that are true blue with white eyes. Divide 'Brookside' every 4 or 5 years as needed. For more info on purchasing this item click here. Geranium 'Tiny Monster': A sterile hybrid, the 'Tiny Monster' must be propagated through division or cuttings, which can be difficult to root. Bright, warm magenta-purple flowers cover this hardy ground cover from June through early fall. The 'Tiny Monster' Geranium grows 12" high but will spread out 24-26". For more info on purchasing this item click here. Geranium cinereum 'Carol': Another amazing Geranium ground cove	1100-1199 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. 1100-1199 Which city does the statue of Jesus Christ, better known as Christ the Redeemer, overlook? Rio de Janeiro In an all-black cast, who played the role of Brick in the 2008 revival of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof"? Terrence Howard Advertisement ) What term describes the purchase of securities with borrowed money using the shares themselves as collateral? Buying on Margin In the sequence of presidential succession, who is next in line after the vice president? Speaker of the House Created by Ruth Handler, which 12-inch follower of fashion has been every girl's best friend since 1959? Barbie For which film did Kathy Bates win an Oscar in 1991? Misery Which country is home of port wine? Portugal The Mediterranean island of Cyprus is geographically part of which continent? Asia Which city was hit by the second American atomic bomb in 1945? Nagasaki What does a person with mythomania tend to? Tell lies What is the latin term for the science of languages? Linguistics Which Agatha Christie's fictional characters is the only one to have been given an obituary in the N.Y. Times? Hercule Poriot Guns N' Roses guitarist Saul Hudson is better known by what name? Slash Which land animal species lives the longest? Turtle Which militant Lebanese political group sparked a 2007 attack after capturing two Israeli soldiers? Hezbollah How many calories equal 42 Joules: about 1, 10 or 42? Ten Jumping and dressage are events in which Olympic competition? Equestrian What message delivery system did U.S. computer technician Raymond Tomlinson invent at the beginning of the 1970's? E-mail What is the gesture of submission, originating in imperial China, in which you kneel and touch the ground with your forehead? Kowtow On what sitcom did John Larroquette win three straight Best Supporting Actor Emmy Awards? Night Court What is the most distinctive exterior feature on a Russian Orthodox church? The Onion Dome Which 1957 Broadway musical is loosely based on Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"? West Side Story What is the name for the valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings? Price Earning Ratio What country issues gold coins called Krugerrands? South Africa In the 1960s, IBM designed a new typing head to reduce jams in typewriters. What shape was it? A ball Who directed "The Color Purple" in 1985? Steven Speilberg What does an oenologist specialize in? Wine What dam created Lake Mead, the largest man-made reservoir in the U.S.? Hoover Dam Named after the city where they signed the pact in 1955, where did eight eastern European states agree to form a political alliance? Warsaw What part of the body is affected by a swelling known as a periodontal disease? Gums Which Polynesian word means "forbidden"? Taboo Which novel by J.D. Salinger that is still controversial today features Holden Caulfield as the protagonist? The Catcher in the Rye According to the classic Van Morrison song, who "comes around here bout mid-night?" Gloria What is a tapaculo: a fish, a rodent or a bird? A bird Who did Hugo Chavez refer to as "the devil" in a 2006 speech to the UN General Assembly? George W. Bush Which temperature scale has its absolute zero at minus 273.15 degrees Celsius? Kelvin In which chess move are the rook and the king used at the same time? Castling Which frequency band uses the abbreviation "U.H.F." Ultra High Frequency In which country did T'ai Chi originate? China What character on NCIS is commonly referred to as "Ducky"? Dr. Mallard By what name is the collection of Egyptian tombs across the Nile from Luxor better known? Valley of the Kings "Les Miserables" is a musical based on a novel by which writer? Victor Hugo What term describes the simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset in order to profit from a difference in price? Arbitrage (riskless profit) What president extended a "Good Neighbor Policy" to countries in South America, Central America and the Carribean? Franklin Delano Roose	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,799	Oct 21, 1797 saw the launch of what famous frigate, the world's oldest commissioned warship, in Boston Harbor?	USS Constitition - Frigate Constitution - War of 1812 2 x 24-pdrs (bow chasers) 20 x 32-pdr carronades USS Constitution - Construction: Shorn of the protection of the Royal Navy, the merchant marine of the young United States began to suffer attacks from North African Barbary pirates in the mid-1780s. In response, President George Washington signed the Naval Act of 1794. This authorized the building of six frigates with the restriction that construction would halt if a peace agreement was reached. Designed by Joshua Humphreys, the construction of the vessels was assigned to various ports on the East Coast. The frigate assigned to Boston was dubbed USS Constitution and was laid down at Edmund Hartt's yard on November 1, 1794. Aware that the US Navy would be unable to match the fleets of Britain and France, Humphreys designed his frigates to be able to overpower similar foreign ships but still be fast enough to escape larger ships of the line . Possessing a long keel and narrow beam, Constitution's framing was made of live oak and included diagonal riders which increased the hull's strength and aided in preventing hogging. Heavily planked, Constitution's hull was stronger than similar vessels of its class. Copper bolts and other hardware for the vessel were made by Paul Revere. USS Constitution - The Quasi-War: Though a peace settlement was reached with Algiers in 1796, Washington permitted the three ships nearest completion to be finished. As one of the three, Constitution was launched, with some difficulty, on October 21, 1797. Completed the following year, the frigate readied for service under the command of Captain Samuel Nicholson. Though rated at forty-four guns, Constitution typically mounted around fifty. Putting to sea on July 22, 1798, Constitution began patrols to protect American commerce during the Quasi-War with France. Operating on the East Coast and in the Caribbean, Constitution conducted escort duty and patrolled for French privateers and warships. The highlight of its Quasi-War service came on May 11, 1799 when Constitution's sailors and marines, led by Lieutenant Isaac Hull , seized the French privateer Sandwich near Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo. Continuing its patrols after the conflict ended in 1800, Constitution returned to Boston two years later and was placed in ordinary. This proved brief as the frigate was re-commissioned for service in the First Barbary War in May 1803. USS Constitution - First Barbary War: Commanded by Captain Edward Preble, Constitution arrived at Gibraltar on September 12 and was joined by additional American ships. Crossing to Tangier, Preble exacted a peace treaty before departing on October 14. Overseeing American efforts against the Barbary states, Preble began a blockade of Tripoli and worked to free the crew of USS Philadelphia (36 guns) which had run aground in the harbor on October 31. Unwilling to allow the Tripolitans to keep Philadelphia, Preble dispatched Lieutenant Stephen Decatur on a daring mission which destroyed the frigate on February 16, 1804. Through the summer, Preble mounted attacks against Tripoli with small gunboats and used his frigates to provide fire support. In September, Preble was replaced in overall command by Commodore Samuel Barron. Two months later, he turned command of Constitution over to Captain John Rodgers. Following the American victory at the Battle of Derna in May 1805, a peace treaty with Tripoli was signed aboard Constitution on June 3. The American squadron then moved to Tunis where a similar agreement was obtained. With peace in the region, Constitution remained in the Mediterranean until returning in late 1807. USS Constitution - War of 1812: During the winter of 1808, Rodgers supervised a major overhaul of the ship until passing command to Hull, now a captain, in June 1810. After a cruise to Europe in 1811-1812, Constitution was in the Chesapeake Bay when news arrived that the War of 1812 had begun. Departing the bay, Hull sailed north with the goal of joining a squadron that Rodgers was assembling. While off the coast of New Jer	The last invasion of Britain by the French at Fishguard By Ben Johnson \| Comments The annals of history record the name of Hastings as the site of the last invasion of mainland Britain by Norman forces in 1066 . True, this was the last successful invasion. However, little is reported about the French invasion of Fishguard, which took place in southwest Wales in 1797, nor of the brave resistance offered by Jemima Nicholas, also known as "Jemima Fawr" (Jemima the Great), who single-handedly captured twelve of the invading soldiers. In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte was busy conquering in central Europe. In his absence the newly formed French revolutionary government, the Directory, appears to have devised a 'cunning plan' that involved the poor country folk of Britain rallying to the support of their French liberators. Obviously the Directory had recently taken delivery of some newly liberated Brandy! The French invasion force comprising some 1400 troops set sail from Camaret on February 18th, 1797. The man entrusted by the Directory to implement their 'cunning plan' was an Irish-American septuagenarian, Colonel William Tate. As Napoleon had apparently reserved the cream of the Republican army for duties elsewhere in Europe, Colonel Tate's force comprised a ragtag collection of soldiers including many newly released jailbirds. Tate's orders were to land near Bristol, England's second largest city and destroy it, then to cross over into Wales and march north onto Chester and Liverpool . From the outset however all did not proceed as detailed in the 'cunning plan'. Wind conditions made it impossible for the four French warships to land anywhere near Bristol, so Tate moved to 'cunning plan' B, and set a course for Cardigan Bay in southwest Wales. On Wednesday February 22nd, the French warships sailed into Fishguard Bay to be greeted by canon fire from the local fort. Unbeknown to the French, the cannon was being fired as an alarm to the local townsfolk. Nervously the ships withdrew and sailed on until they reached a small sandy beach near the village of Llanwnda. Men, arms and gunpowder were unloaded and by 2 am on the morning of Thursday February 23rd, the last invasion of Britain was completed. The ships returned to France with a special despatch being sent to the Directory in Paris informing them of the successful landing. Upon landing, the French invasion force appear to have run out of enthusiasm for the 'cunning plan'. Perhaps as a result of years of prison rations, they seem to have been more interested in the rich food and wine the locals had recently removed from a grounded Portuguese ship. After a looting spree, many of the invaders were too drunk to fight and within two days, the invasion had collapsed: Tate's force surrendered to a local militia force led by Lord Cawdor on February 25th 1797. Strange that the surrender agreement drawn up by Tate's officers referred to the British coming at them "with troops of the line to the number of several thousand." No such troops were anywhere near Fishguard, however hundreds, perhaps thousands of local Welsh women dressed in their traditional scarlet tunics and tall black felt hats had come to witness any fighting between the French and the local men of the militia. Is it possible that at a distance, and after a glass or two, those women could have been mistaken for British army Redcoats? During their two days on British soil the French soldiers must have shaken in their boots at mention of name of "Jemima Fawr" (Jemima the Great). The 47-year-old Jemima Nicholas was the wife of a Fishguard cobbler. When she heard of the invasion, she marched out to Llanwnda, pitchfork in hand, and rounded up twelve Frenchmen. She ‘persuaded’ them to accompany her back into town, where she locked them inside St Mary’s Church and promptly left to look for some more! Men of Harlech meet your match! Tweet If you enjoyed this article, you might also like... The Hanging of the Hartlepool Monkey - Legend has it that during the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, a shipwrecked monkey was h	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,800	Alphabetically, which would be the first of London's bridges over the Thames?	How London's Thames Bridges Got Their Names \| Londonist How London's Thames Bridges Got Their Names M@ How London's Thames Bridges Got Their Names Continuing our etymological tour of the capital. Believe it or not, there are 35 bridges* over the Thames in London. The furthest west, Hampton Court Bridge, is only just within the Greater London boundary. The furthest east, Tower Bridge, is pretty much in the centre of London. (The Dartford Crossing, known as the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, is outside the London boundary.) This article is not intended to provide a detailed history on each bridge, but merely to look at the origins of their names. If you want to know more about the order of construction, here's a neat little video to help . Hampton Court Bridge (1933) This is now the only bridge in London that crosses over into another county (Surrey). Its red-brick span, with classical stylings were designed (partly by Sir Edward Lutyens) to match nearby Hampton Court Palace, after which it is named. The Palace in turn takes its name from the nearby village of Hampton, originally an Anglo-Saxon settlement whose name probably derives from a small farmstead on a bend in the river (Hamm + ton). Kingston Bridge (1828) and Railway Bridge (1863) Kingston-Upon-Thames, on the ancient Wessex/Mercia border, was a stupendously important place in medieval times. As many as eight English kings might have been crowned here, and the putative coronation stone on show near the Kingston Guildhall is one of London's oldest monuments. No surprise, then, that the name simply means 'King's estate'. It was first recorded in 838 as Cyninges tun. Teddington Lock Footbridges (1887/1889) Teddington is usually considered the point where the river ceases to be subject to the tides. For this reason, some have claimed that the name is a corruption of 'tide's end town'. This is not so, for the tidal reach would have been further upstream in ancient times. It's thought that Teddington is derived from a personal name, perhaps a local land owner, and was first recorded as Totyngton in the Anglo-Saxon period. You can cross at this point via a combo of suspension and girder bridges. Richmond Bridge (1777), Railway Bridge (1848) and Lock Footbridge (1894) The only surviving London Thames bridge from the 18th century, Richmond Bridge and its two neighbours are, of course, named after the adjoining settlement. But that place is not as ancient as some might think. Before Tudor times, the area was known as Sheen (still in use, further from the river). Around 1500, Henry VII built a Thames-side palace here, naming it after his North Yorkshire Earldom of Richmond. That northern territory was, in turn, named after Richemont in Normandy, which translates rather predictably as 'rich hill'. Twickenham Bridge (1933) Twickenham might be intimately associated with rugby, but the namesake bridge has closer associations to football — it was designed by the same architect (Maxwell Ayrton) as the old Wembley Stadium. The name has been around since at least 704 AD, when a document refers to the land as Tuiccanham. The original meaning is uncertain. It may refer to the land of a man called Twicca, or else derive from the word twicce, which meant river fork (this being near the place where the rivers Thames and Crane meet). Kew Bridge (1903) and Railway Bridge (1869) Odd name, Kew. It's thought to be a contraction of Kai, meaning landing place (hence 'quay'), and Hoh, meaning a spur of land. Another interpretation has the name meaning a key-shaped piece of land. Either way, it's first recorded in 1327 as Cayho. Chiswick Bridge (1933) In one of our favourite derivations, Chiswick is Old English for 'cheese farm', and was first recorded as Ceswican around the year 1000. Barnes Railway Bridge (1849) The combined rail-footbridge takes its name from the nearby settlement of Barnes, which is first recorded in Domesday Book as Berne, probably referring to a barley store (i.e. a barn). Hammersmith Bridge (1887) Hammersmith has disputed origins as a place name. Some sources suggest it derives	Nearest tube / underground / station to The O2 Arena, London \| LondonTown.com The London Borough of Greenwich ï¿½ Greenwich The London Borough of Greenwich lies on the south bank of the Thames. Rich in maritime history, Greenwich also has an outstanding architectural heritage. Many of its buildings are designed by well known English architects, including the Royal Naval College, the National Maritime Museum and the Royal Observatory built by Sir Christopher Wren for King Charles II. At the Royal Observatory visitors can stand astride Longitude Zero with one foot in the eastern and the other in the western hemisphere. The borough enjoys many royal connections and within its boundaries are two former Royal Palaces and two royal dockyards. Additional visitor attractions include Greenwich Market, the Cutty Sark - the oldest surviving tea and wool clipper, the Millennium Dome and the Thames Barrier. Greenwich can be reached in 15 minutes by train from central London, or via a leisurely 45 minute cruise from Westminster or Charing Cross Piers.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,801	Which city is the capital of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan?	Peshawar \| Define Peshawar at Dictionary.com Peshawar noun 1. a city in N Pakistan, near the Khyber Pass: capital of the former North-West Frontier province. North-West Frontier Province noun 1. a province in Pakistan, bordering Punjab and Kashmir on the west: a former province of British India. 28,773 sq. mi. (77,516 sq. km). Capital: Peshawar. Examples from the Web for Peshawar Expand Contemporary Examples Pakistani agents working for the CIA spotted him driving his white Suzuki near Peshawar and took down the license number. British Dictionary definitions for Peshawar Expand noun 1. a city in N Pakistan, at the E end of the Khyber Pass: one of the oldest cities in Pakistan and capital of the ancient kingdom of Gandhara; university (1950). Pop: 1 255 000 (2005 est) North-West Frontier Province noun 1. a province in N Pakistan between Afghanistan and Jammu and Kashmir: part of British India from 1901 until 1947; of strategic importance, esp for the Khyber Pass. Capital: Peshawar. Pop: 20 170 000 (2003 est). Area: 74 522 sq km (28 773 sq miles) Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012	CRICKET PLAYERS & NICKNAMES ... endless! by Chinaroad Australia's 1948 tour of England ï¿½ The Invincibles Australian national cricket team ï¿½ Baggy Greens Bangladeshi national cricket team ï¿½ The Tigers Canadian national cricket team ï¿½ One Man Band New Zealand national cricket team ï¿½ The Black Caps, The Kiwis South African national cricket team ï¿½ The Proteas West Indian national cricket team ï¿½ The Windies, The Calypsos Indian national cricket team ï¿½ The Men in Blue Pakistani national cricket teamï¿½ The Stars Officials, umpires and commentators Harold Bird ï¿½ Dickie Bird Henry Blofeld ï¿½ Blowers Brent Bowden ï¿½ Billy Steve Bucknor ï¿½ Slow Death Bill Ferguson ï¿½ Fergie Bill Frindall ï¿½ The Bearded Wonder Brian Johnston ï¿½ Johnners Christopher Martin-Jenkins ï¿½ CMJ Don Mosey ï¿½ The Alderman David Shepherd ï¿½ Shep Bryan Waddle ï¿½ Wads Players Bobby Abel ï¿½ The Guv'nor Jimmy Adams ï¿½ Padams Paul Adams ï¿½ Gogga ("insect" in Afrikaans), A frog in a blender (for his unusual bowling action) Ajit Agarkar ï¿½ Bombay Duck (for his horror streak of ducks against Australia) Jonathan Agnew ï¿½ Aggers Shoaib Akhtar ï¿½ Rawalpindi Express Wasim Akram ï¿½ Prince of Pakistan, Was, Sultan of Swing Terry Alderman ï¿½ Clem (after Clem Jones, mayor of Brisbane, curator of Gabba and an alderman) Mark Alleyne ï¿½ BooBoo Mohinder Amarnath ï¿½ Jimmy, Amarnought Surinder Amarnath ï¿½ Tommy Warwick Armstrong ï¿½ the Big Ship Jason Arnberger ï¿½ Cheesy Geoff Arnold ï¿½ Horse Shahid Afridi ï¿½ The Boom Michael Atherton ï¿½ Athers B Trevor Bailey ï¿½ The Boil, Barnacle Omari Banks ï¿½ Bankie, Cowheb Richie Benaud ï¿½ Diamonds Tino Best ï¿½ The Best, Ntini Michael Bevan ï¿½ Bevvo Andrew Bichel ï¿½ Bic Jack Blackham ï¿½ Black Jack David Boon ï¿½ Boonie, Keg on Legs, Stumpy Allan Border ï¿½ A.B., Captain Grumpy Ian Botham ï¿½ Beefy,The Both,Guy Mark Boucher ï¿½ Guinness, Billy Nicky Boje ï¿½ Bodge Nathan Bracken ï¿½ Bracks Don Bradman ï¿½ The Don Ian Bell ï¿½ Belly, the team baby C Andy Caddick ï¿½ Caddyshack Chris Cairns ï¿½ B.A. (Bad Attitude) Shivnarine Chanderpaul ï¿½ Tiger Ian Chappell ï¿½ Chapelli Ewen Chatfield ï¿½ Chats, Farmer (Mer) or The Naenae Express Stuart Clark ï¿½ Sarfraz, Stu Michael Clarke ï¿½ Pup Paul Collingwood ï¿½ Nice Ginger, Colly Herbie Collins ï¿½ Horseshoe Corey Collymore ï¿½ Screw Jeremy Coney ï¿½ Mantis Colin Cowdrey ï¿½ Kipper Jeff Crowe ï¿½ Chopper Martin Crowe ï¿½ Hogan D Adam Dale ï¿½ Chipper Joe Darling ï¿½ Paddy Phillip DeFreitas ï¿½ Half-Chocolate, Daffy Aravinda de Silva ï¿½ Mad Max Fanie de Villiers ï¿½ Vinnige Fanie ("Fast Fanie" in Afrikaans) Kapil Dev ï¿½ The Haryana Express Mahendra Singh Dhoni ï¿½ Mahi Graham Dilley ï¿½ Pica Boeta Dippenaar ï¿½ Dipps Allan Donald ï¿½ White Lightning Brett Dorey ï¿½ Hunky, John J.W.H.T. Douglas ï¿½ Johnny Won't Hit Today Rahul Dravid ï¿½ Jammy, The Wall E Bruce Edgar ï¿½ Bootsy F Damien Fleming ï¿½ Flemo Stephen Fleming ï¿½ Flange Duncan Fletcher ï¿½ Fletch Keith Fletcher ï¿½ The Gnome of Essex Andrew Flintoff ï¿½ Freddy, Twiggy, Fred, family man James Foster ï¿½ The Child Graeme Fowler ï¿½ Foxy C. B. Fry ï¿½ Lord Oxford, Charles III, Almighty G Saurav Ganguly ï¿½ Maharaj, Prince of Calcutta, Dada, Bengal Tiger Joel Garner ï¿½ Big Bird Sunil Gavaskar ï¿½ Sunny, The Little Master Chris Gayle ï¿½ Cramps, Crampy Herschelle Gibbs ï¿½ Scooter, The Sack Man Adam Gilchrist ï¿½ Churchy, Gilly, The Demolition Man Ashley Giles ï¿½ Ash, the King of Spain Jason Gillespie ï¿½ Dizzy Darren Gough ï¿½ Rhino, Goughy, the Dazzler, Dancing Darren E. M. Grace ï¿½ The Coroner W.G. Grace ï¿½ The Doctor Mark Greatbatch ï¿½ Paddy Clarrie Grimmett ï¿½ The Old Fox, Grum Subhash Gupte ï¿½ Fergie H Brad Haddin ï¿½ BJ, Harry, Guildo Richard Hadlee ï¿½ Paddles Andrew Hall ï¿½ Brosh, Merv, Hally Stephen Harmison ï¿½ Harmy (or Harmi), Tinker, GBH (Grievous Bodily Harmison) Chris Harris ï¿½ Harry, Lugs Ian Harvey ï¿½ Freak Nathan Hauritz ï¿½ Horry Matthew Hayden ï¿½ Haydos, Unit	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,802	Which planet in our solar system lies between Earth and Mercury?	Planets - Zoom Astronomy Your age on the Planets The Planets (plus the Dwarf Planet Pluto) Our solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, many dwarf planets (or plutoids), an asteroid belt, comets, meteors, and others. The sun is the center of our solar system ; the planets, their moons, a belt of asteroids , comets , and other rocks and gas orbit the sun. The eight planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune . Another large body is Pluto , now classified as a dwarf planet or plutoid. A belt of asteroids (minor planets made of rock and metal) lies between Mars and Jupiter. These objects all orbit the sun in roughly circular orbits that lie in the same plane, the ecliptic (Pluto is an exception; it has an elliptical orbit tilted over 17° from the ecliptic). Easy ways to remember the order of the planets (plus Pluto) are the mnemonics: "My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nine Pizzas" and "My Very Easy Method Just Simplifies Us Naming Planets" The first letter of each of these words represents a planet - in the correct order. The largest planet is Jupiter. It is followed by Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury, and finally, tiny Pluto (the largest of the dwarf planets). Jupiter is so big that all the other planets could fit inside it. The Inner Planets vs. the Outer Planets The inner planets (those planets that orbit close to the sun) are quite different from the outer planets (those planets that orbit far from the sun). The inner planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are relatively small, composed mostly of rock, and have few or no moons. The outer planets include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto (a dwarf planet). They are mostly huge, mostly gaseous, ringed, and have many moons (again, the exception is Pluto, the dwarf planet, which is small, rocky, and has four moons). Temperatures on the Planets Generally, the farther from the Sun, the cooler the planet. Differences occur when the greenhouse effect warms a planet (like Venus) surrounded by a thick atmosphere. Density of the Planets The outer, gaseous planets are much less dense than the inner, rocky planets. The Earth is the densest planet. Saturn is the least dense planet; it would float on water. The Mass of the Planets Jupiter is by far the most massive planet; Saturn trails it. Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars, and Pluto are orders of magnitude less massive. Gravitational Forces on the Planets The planet with the strongest gravitational attraction at its surface is Jupiter. Although Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are also very massive planets, their gravitational forces are about the same as Earth. This is because the gravitational force a planet exerts upon an object at the planet's surface is proportional to its mass and to the inverse of the planet's radius squared. A Day on Each of the Planets A day is the length of time that it takes a planet to rotate on its axis (360°). A day on Earth takes almost 24 hours. The planet with the longest day is Venus ; a day on Venus takes 243 Earth days. (A day on Venus is longer than its year; a year on Venus takes only 224.7 Earth days). The planet with the shortest day is Jupiter ; a day on Jupiter only takes 9.8 Earth hours! When you observe Jupiter from Earth, you can see some of its features change. The Average Orbital Speed of the Planets As the planets orbit the Sun , they travel at different speeds. Each planet speeds up when it is nearer the Sun and travels more slowly when it is far from the Sun (this is Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion ). The Planets in Our Solar System Planet (or Dwarf Planet) In 2005, a large object beyond Pluto was observed in the Kuiper belt. A few astronomers think that there might be another planet or companion star orbiting the Sun far beyond the orbit of Pluto. This distant planet/companion star may or may not exist. The hypothesized origin of this hypothetical object is that a celestial object, perhaps a hard-to-detect cool, br	What is the fifth planet from the sun? \| Socratic What is the fifth planet from the sun? Start with a one sentence answer Then teach the underlying concepts Don't copy without citing sources Write a one sentence answer... Answer: I want someone to double check my answer Describe your changes (optional) 200 Cancel The fifth planet from the Sun is Jupiter. Explanation: The five planets in order from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Jupiter. There is an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and in earlier days people believed that the fifth planet was residing there. However, the asteroid belt consists of myriads of small bodies down to rocks. The biggest of them is called Ceres and now we recognize Ceres as a dwarf planet. So, strictly speaking, Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. Was this helpful? Let the contributor know! Yes	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,803	In April 2009 citizens of the Swiss canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes in the Alps voted overwhelmingly to pass legislation banning what?	Voters in Switzerland Ban Nude Hiking Voters in Switzerland Ban Nude Hiking Posted on 04/26/2009 5:06:46 PM PDT by Red in Blue PA APPENZELL, Switzerland Voters in the heart of the Swiss Alps on Sunday passed legislation banning nude hiking after dozens of mostly German nudists started rambling through their picturesque region. By a show of hands citizens of the tiny state of Appenzell Inner Rhodes voted overwhelmingly at their traditional open-air annual assembly to impose a $176 fine on violators. Only a scattering of people on Sunday opposed the ban on the back-to-nature activity that took off last autumn when naked hikers primarily Germans started showing up in eastern Switzerland. (Excerpt) Read more at foxnews.com ... To: Slings and Arrows Damn.... 2 posted on 04/26/2009 5:07:25 PM PDT by KoRn (Department of Homeland Security, Certified - "Right Wing Extremist") To: Red in Blue PA Oh, rats, this was on to do list. 3 posted on 04/26/2009 5:09:17 PM PDT by razorback-bert (We used to call them astronomical numbers. Now we should call them economical numbers.) [ Post Reply \| Private Reply \| To 1 \| View Replies ] To: Red in Blue PA The weather in the Switzerland mountains gets very cold. One would think that would keep men from hiking in the nude. 4 posted on 04/26/2009 5:09:50 PM PDT by Clintonfatigued (Being condemned for corruption by Mexico is like being lectured on morals by the adult film industry) To: Red in Blue PA So now there’s a sausage ban in Switzerland? 5 posted on 04/26/2009 5:10:21 PM PDT by Beaten Valve One would think that would keep men from hiking in the nude. Not all of us {;^) 6 posted on 04/26/2009 5:11:49 PM PDT by Las Vegas Ron (I'd rather the world hate us then laugh at us) The Deutche schwimbas are where to be. 7 posted on 04/26/2009 5:11:50 PM PDT by NewRomeTacitus To: Red in Blue PA 8 posted on 04/26/2009 5:11:52 PM PDT by GSP.FAN To: Red in Blue PA Please, NO pictures! To: Red in Blue PA Germans. From the beaches of St. Lucia and Koh Samui to the trails of Bryce Canyon and the Swiss Alps, they are always anxious to go nude. What is their major malfunction? 11 posted on 04/26/2009 5:13:34 PM PDT by angkor [ Post Reply \| Private Reply \| To 9 \| View Replies ] To: Clintonfatigued 13 posted on 04/26/2009 5:14:43 PM PDT by Las Vegas Ron (I'd rather the world hate us then laugh at us) To: Red in Blue PA Jaaa! Nothing like a good yodel in the nude in the Swiss Alps, I always say. linking earlier post.. To: al baby Hey, your is bigger than mine, lol 15 posted on 04/26/2009 5:15:44 PM PDT by Las Vegas Ron (I'd rather the world hate us then laugh at us) To: Red in Blue PA Those most likely to hike nude are least likely to look good while hiking nude. 16 posted on 04/26/2009 5:16:19 PM PDT by Keith in Iowa (ESPN MNF: 3 Putzes talking about football on TV while I'm trying to watch a game.) [ Post Reply \| Private Reply \| To 15 \| View Replies ] To: al baby All nudity stuff aside, I can’t imagine that carrying a backpack on a bare back is very comfortable, LOL. 18 posted on 04/26/2009 5:17:17 PM PDT by KJC1 Comment #19 Removed by Moderator To: Clintonfatigued I just hope they don't meet any girls might be embarassing. 20 posted on 04/26/2009 5:18:59 PM PDT by GSP.FAN Is that Bareback Mountain???? < /humor > 21 posted on 04/26/2009 5:19:33 PM PDT by Las Vegas Dave ("Thou shalt not speak ill of any fellow Republican." - Ronald Reagan) [ Post Reply \| Private Reply \| To 13 \| View Replies ] To: Keith in Iowa Got that right. Ventured by mistake onto the nude beach at our resort in Jamaica once - all it took. I was pretty sure Moby Dick had beached “herself” and Moby was the only one on the beach. I think she was lying on a lounge chair but, gee, everything hung over the sides to the ground. We ran, not walked, from the nude beach. We didn’t even know it was the nude beach until we saw the sign while running away! 22 posted on 04/26/2009 5:22:39 PM PDT by RonInNaples last time i posted that i got a 24 hour vacation 23 posted on 04/26/2009 5:23:35 PM PDT by al baby (Hi Mom) [ Post Reply \| Private Reply \| To	quizballs 50 -- part 2 - Google Groups quizballs 50 -- part 2 41. What Cumbrian town was used as a 2007 pilot for the digital TV switch-over? 42. It was announced in April 2007 that Lord Justice Scott Baker would replace Baroness Butler-Sloss in what position? 43. What remarkable sale price did Damien Hirst's diamond-encrusted skull achieve? 44. Which world champion 400m runner successfully overturned her Olympic Games ban for missing drug tests? 45. Monks featured strongly in the September protests in which country? 46. Which northern England city was flooded by torrential rain on on 25 June 2007? 47. In what US city did Barack Obama announce his presidential candidacy in February 2007? 48. Which Bollywood actor was at the centre of the 2007 Big Brother TV Show racism uproar? 49. Shinzo Abe resigned in September 2007 as prime minister of which country? 50. Which corporation bought 1.6% of Facebook for $240m? 51. The Kate Moss Collection was launched by what store chain? 52. The two CDs lost by the UK department HMRC (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) contained personal details of 20m people relating to claims of what? 53. Who resigned as England cricket coach after the 2007 Ashes series 5-0 defeat? 54. What nickname was used by the media for the senior policeman in charge of the Cash for Honours investigation? 55. In May 2007 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the biggest what in history to date? 56. Intensive British forces operations in Afghanistan through 2007 were centred in which province? 57. In what significant UK location was the August 2007 Climate Change Camp sited? 58. Which movie star left the much publicized 'rude pig' phone message for his twelve year old daughter? 59. In a bizarre 2007 confessional frenzy, Ruth Kelly, Jacqui Smith, Harriet Harman, Hazel Blears and Alistair Darling where among several British government ministers to make what admission? 60. At the end of 2007 how many England Premiership football (soccer) clubs were foreign owned? 61. In June 2007 the Millennium Dome re-opened under what name? 62. Which famous aviator and adventurer went missing over the Nevada Desert in September 2007? 63. The perfume brand 'Mwah' was launched in 2007 by which 'celebrity'? 64. What country celebrated on August 15th 2007 its 60th anniversary of independence from British rule? 65. Who resigned as World Bank President after failing to disprove allegations of his nepotism? 66. Which country won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup? 67. Following an Ofcom investigation which TV company was judged in September 2007 to be the worst offending in the premium line phone-in scandals? 68. What film won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Picture? 69. Speculation towards the end of 2007 suggested that Rupert Murdoch's News International Group was in discussion to buy what significant business networking website? 70. Which rapper cancelled his UK tour when refused entry to the country? 71. What was the name of the Space Shuttle which launched on June 8th 2007? 72. Who made this amusing statement: "I have expressed a degree of regret that may be equated with an apology..." ? 73. Whose secret donations of over half a million pounds caused a big problem for the Labour Party when they were exposed in November 2007? 74. Who became the new French president in 2007? 75. Who was charged with fraud when he reappeared five years after going missing in a canoe off the Cleveland coast? 76. Clarence Mitchell was appointed media spokesman for whom in September 2007? 77. Which Formula One racing team was expelled from the 2007 Constructors Championship for spying on a competitor? 78. Blake Fielder-Civil achieved notoriety as whose errant husband? 79. Which former newspaper owner and business mogul was sentenced to 78 months imprisonment for fraud in December 2007? 80. Which major city switched off its lights for an hour on the evening of 31 March 2007 as a political statement about climate change? 81. What was the village and laboratory site na	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,804	Kelvinhall, Cowcaddens and Kinning Park are all underground stations in which European city?	Maps & Stations - SPT SPT Subway: Maps & Stations The fifteen stations of the Subway are distributed over a 10 km circuit of the West End and City Centre of Glasgow, with eight stations to the North of the River Clyde and seven to the South. There are two lines: an outer circle running clockwise and an inner circle running anticlockwise. Subway map Long description of Glasgow Subway Map Glasgow Subway Map consists of 15 stations in a circle – Buchanan Street, St. Enoch, Bridge Street, West Street, Shields Road, Kinning Park, Cessnock, Ibrox, Govan, Partick, Kelvinhall, Hillhead, Kelvinbridge, St. George’s Cross, and Cowcaddens. Click on map for larger version or read a description of all Glasgow Subway stations . Google map Opening hours The Subway is open 06:30 to 23:45 Monday to Saturday and 10:00 to 18:12 on Sundays. View timetable for more information. Accessibility Wheelchairs are permitted in the Subway if folded. This is due to the small size of our trains. Guide dogs and hearing dogs are welcome. Ticket offices have induction loops to assist customers with hearing difficulties. All Subway stations have tactile paving on platforms and tactile maps at key stations to assist those with visual impairment. All station stairways have 30-point colour contrast stair nosings to assist passengers with visual impairment, additionally there are corduroy tactile strips at top and bottom of each staircase to assist visually impaired passengers locate stairs. Double height handrails are also in place which are non-reflective and not “cold to touch” to assist passengers with mobility impairment and also for children. Pushchairs must be folded in the Subway. Unfortunately, because of space restrictions, it is not possible to accommodate large prams and pushchairs. In the event of an evacuation alarms are both audible and visual which will assist passengers who are visually impaired or have hearing difficulties. People with mobility issues can read information about the number of stairs and escalators at each station. Parking Parking is available at Bridge Street, Kelvinbridge and Shields Road stations. Regular users can buy a money saving car park season ticket. Car parking is available during Subway opening hours . View parking information Lost property If you have lost something on the Subway, please get in touch or phone 0141 333 3653. All items lost/found (with the exclusion of perishable items) are sent to the Custodiers Department (Police Scotland): Address: 173 Pitt Street Glasgow G2 4JS Telephone: 0141 532 2667 / 0141 532 2468 / 0141 532 2609 Opening Hours: 09:00 to 17:00 Monday to Friday (Closed on Public Holidays). Stations (in alphabetical order)	Oval Cricket Ground \| DigiLondon MI6 Headquarters – SIS Building The SIS Building, also commonly known as the MI6 Building, is the headquarters of the British Secret Intelligence Service, otherwise known as “MI6”. It is known locally as Legoland and also as Babylon-on-Thames due to its resemblance to an ancient Babylonian ziggurat. It is located at 85, Vauxhall Cross in the south western part of central London, along the Albert Embankment on the bank of the River Thames beside Vauxhall Bridge. The building was designed by Terry Farrell, the developer Regalian Properties plc approached the Government in 1987 to see if they had any interest read more Oval Cricket Ground Category: Cricket grounds The Oval is an international cricket ground in Kennington, London. It is often referred to as the ‘Kennington Oval’ (not to be confused with Kensington Oval in Barbados), but in recent years has been officially titled as the ‘Fosters Oval’, ‘AMP Oval,’ and, currently, as the ‘Brit Oval’ due to various commercial sponsorship deals. It is located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is the home ground of Surrey C.C.C., and also traditionally hosts the final Test match of each English summer in late August or early September. The nearest tube station is also called Oval, but the ground can also be easily reached from Vauxhall.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,805	What instrument is played by blues artists Sonny Boy Williamson, Little Walter, Charlie Musselwhite and Junior Wells?	Charlie Musselwhite \| New Music And Songs \| Charlie Musselwhite About Charlie Musselwhite Harmonica wizard Norton Buffalo can recollect a leaner time when his record collection had been whittled down to only the bare essentials: The Paul Butterfield Blues Band and Stand Back! Here Comes Charley Musselwhite's South Side Band. Butterfield and Musselwhite will probably be forever linked as the two most interesting, and arguably the most important, products of the "white blues movement" of the mid- to late '60s -- not only because they were near the forefront chronologically, but because they both stand out as being especially faithful to the style. Each certainly earned the respect of his legendary mentors. No less than the late Big Joe Williams said, "Charlie Musselwhite is one of the greatest living harp players of country blues. He is right up there with Sonny Boy Williamson, and he's been my harp player ever since Sonny Boy got killed." It's interesting that Williams specifies "country" blues, because, even though he made his mark leading electric bands in Chicago and San Francisco, Musselwhite began playing blues with people he'd read about in Samuel Charters' Country Blues -- Memphis greats like Furry Lewis, Will Shade, and Gus Cannon. It was these rural roots that set him apart from Butterfield, and decades later Musselwhite began incorporating his first instrument, guitar. Musselwhite was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi in 1944, and his family moved north to Memphis, where he went to high school. Musselwhite migrated to Chicago in search of the near-mythical $3.00-an-hour job (the same lure that set innumerable youngsters on the same route), and became a familiar face at blues haunts like Pepper's, Turner's, and Theresa's, sitting in with and sometimes playing alongside harmonica lords such as Little Walter, Shakey Horton, Good Rockin' Charles, Carey Bell, Big John Wrencher, and even Sonny Boy Williamson. Before recording his first album, Musselwhite appeared on LPs by Tracy Nelson and John Hammond and duetted (as Memphis Charlie) with Shakey Horton on Vanguard's Chicago/The Blues/Today series. When his aforementioned debut LP became a standard on San Francisco's underground radio, Musselwhite played the Fillmore Auditorium and never returned to the Windy City. Leading bands that featured greats like guitarists Harvey Mandel, Freddie Roulette, Luther Tucker, Louis Myers, Robben Ford, Fenton Robinson, and Junior Watson, Musselwhite played steadily in Bay Area bars and mounted somewhat low-profile national tours. It wasn't until the late '80s, when he conquered a career-long drinking problem, that Musselwhite began touring worldwide to rave notices. He became busier than ever and continued releasing records to critical acclaim. His two releases on Virgin, Rough News in 1997 and Continental Drifter in 2000, found Musselwhite mixing elements of jazz, gospel, Tex-Mex, and acoustic Delta blues. After signing with Telarc Blues in 2002, he continued exploring his musical roots by releasing One Night in America. The disc exposed Musselwhite's interest in country music with a cover version of the Johnny Cash classic "Big River," and featured guest appearances by Kelly Willis and Marty Stuart. Sanctuary, released in 2004, was Musselwhite's first record for Real World. After extensive touring globally, he returned to the studio for its follow-up, the back-to-basics Delta Hardware, recorded in Mississippi. The set was hard-edged and raw blues and featured one live track, the hip-shaking "Clarksdale Boogie," recorded in front of a small but enthusiastic audience at Red's Juke Joint in that very town. Musselwhite returned to Alligator in 2009 and got down to business and cut The Well in Chicago, an all-original program that featured a guest duet appearance from Mavis Staples on the track "Sad Beautiful World." The song references the murder of his 93-year-old mother during a burglary in her home. ~ Dan Forte & Al Campbell, Rovi Hear more of	YouTube Undo Close "Deep Purple Highway Star..." The YouTube account associated with this video has been terminated due to multiple third-party notifications of copyright infringement. Sorry about that.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,806	What nutrients required by the human body for metabolic reactions are classified as water-soluble and fat-soluble? Did you take yours today?	Micronutrients \| Learn All About Essential Vitamins & Minerals Trace Minerals Water-Soluble Vitamins If you look to vitamins for a jolt of energy, you are looking in the wrong place – even if a supplement bottle says, “promotes energy,” or makes some other similar vague statement. Vitamins are not energy boosters. Many B vitamins do, however, participate in energy-yielding chemical reactions in the body. This is confusing because calorie is another word for energy. It’s clearer to say that B vitamins help the body get calories from food. While you’re unlikely to get more pep by taking vitamins, eating vitamin-rich foods will certainly help you maintain health. Vitamin B1 - Thiamin Functions: Assists in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism Recommended Intakes of Thiamin: Your thiamin needs are proportional to your energy or calorie needs. The more calories you consume, the greater your need for this vitamin. The beauty is that the more calories you consume, the more thiamin you automatically consume anyway. The RDA for adult women and men is 1.1 and 1.2 mg, respectively. Sources of Thiamin: Though thiamin is found in most food groups, Americans get most of their thiamin from fortified breakfast cereals and enriched grains such as rice and pasta. Pork, beans and peas are additional sources. When You Get Too Much or Too Little Thiamin: There are no known toxicity symptoms of thiamin. Thiamin deficiency is not common in the U.S., however alcoholics and those who eat a junk food-heavy diet are at risk. A diet of highly processed, but unenriched foods provides ample calories with little thiamin. Additionally, alcohol contributes calories without providing good nutrition, and it interferes with thiamin absorption. Thiamin deficiency disease is called beriberi and is characterized by weight loss, confusion, irritability, nerve damage and muscle wasting. Beriberi became understood in the nineteenth century when refining grains became popular. Populations whose major source of energy was white or polished rice became inflicted with a fatal nerve disease thought to be an infection, but it was really a lack of this B vitamin. Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin Functions: Assists in carbohydrate and fat metabolism Recommended Intakes of Riboflavin: The RDA for riboflavin also reflects energy needs with higher riboflavin intakes recommended for those whose calorie needs are higher. The RDA for adult women and men is 1.1 and 1.3 mg, respectively. Sources of Riboflavin: Diary products, fortified cereals and enriched grains are major contributors of dietary riboflavin. Mushrooms and organ meats such as liver are additional sources. When You Get Too Much or Too Little Riboflavin: The body readily excretes excess riboflavin, so there are no apparent toxicity symptoms. Like thiamin deficiency, riboflavin deficiency is uncommon, but alcoholism increases an individual’s risk. The symptoms include swollen mouth and throat, dermatitis and anemia. Niacin - Nicotinamide, Nicotinic Acid Plays a role in immune function Assists in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, DNA and hormones Special interest in vitamin C in the treatment or prevention of the common cold: A review of the research does not suggest that vitamin C supplements prevent colds in the general public. However, among those subjected to extreme cold or engaging in extreme physical activity, vitamin C doses ranging between 250 mg/day to 1000 mg/day reduced the incidence of colds by 50%. Taken before the onset of a cold, supplemental vitamin C appears to slightly reduce the length of the cold. Recommended Intakes of Vitamin C: The RDA for men and women is 90 and 75 milligrams respectively. Smokers should add and additional 35 milligrams per day. Sources of Vitamin C: Vitamin C is present in fruits and vegetables. Rich sources include bell peppers, citrus fruits, strawberries, pineapple, kiwifruit, potatoes, tomatoes, broccoli and leafy greens. When You Get Too Much or Too Little Vitamin C: The UL is 2,000 mg. Excess vitamin C may cause nosebleeds, nausea and gastrointestinal distress including cra	Top 10 Mistakes Made Using Pool English Top 10 Mistakes Made Using Pool English Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters Thanks, You're in! Health Tip of the Day Recipe of the Day There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. Please enter a valid email address. Did you mean ?	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,807	The 1600cc Thunderbird, voted 2010 Bike of the Year in the USA, is made by which iconic motorbike manufacturer?	Triumph Thunderbird @ Top Speed Like nearly all of Triumph Motorcycle’s current offerings, the Thunderbird family has some very deep roots indeed. A design dreamed up by Edward Turner, the Thunderbird made its debut run from 1949 to 1966, and reappeared in Triumph’s lineup a number of times with different engines and designs. Originally called the 6T “Thunderbird,” the 1950 year-model 6T was made famous with Americans by Hollywood in 1953 when it was immortalized in the Marlon Brando picture The Wild One, and our love affair with the family (and outlaw biker culture) has endured through the years. Today I want to take a look at the newest Thunderbird range which includes the Commander, Storm and LT, to see if they live up to the name they bear. The word “icon” gets thrown around a lot these days, almost to the point that it has lost some of its impact, but the Thunderbird and its paper dart actually fit the bill. In other words, these three machines have some pretty big shoes to fill. Let’s see how they do, shall we? Continue reading for my review of the Triumph Thunderbird Storm, Thunderbird Commander, and Thunderbird LT. With a bigger engine than its predecessor, the 2014 Thunderbird , the 2015 Thunderbird Commander from Triumph packs a bigger punch in its appearance as well as performance. Spec-wise, it’s a carryover from the 2014 Thunderbird Commander with the addition of a Jet Black color choice. With black jugs accentuated with polished edges and plenty of shine in other places — such as an imposing polished top yoke, twin headlamp cans and polished stainless steel fork shrouds — the Thunderbird Commander could be considered a dressier version of the Storm , but with cruiser floorboards instead of pegs. If you think bling and nice paint is the thing, take a look at the Thunderbird Commander. Continue reading for my review of the 2015 Triumph Thunderbird Commander. 01.28.2014 12:10 by Sulthoni The Triumph Thunderbird Commander is based on the company’s original Thunderbird but it features a different, cruiser-oriented personality. The motorcycle was built with comfort in mind, therefore it features a relaxed, laid-back riding position and a plethora of storage places. As far as power is concerned, the Triumph Thunderbird Commander is equipped with the same 1699cc, liquid-cooled, DOHC, parallel-twin engine as the Thunderbird Roadster, but it features a different state of tune that helps it deliver more useable torque, lower down the rev range, for a better touring experience. The unit puts out a maximum power of 94 PS at 5400 rpm and 146 NM of torque at 2750 rpm. The engine is fed by a 5.8us gallon fuel tank and is mated to a six speed transmission. The 2014 Triumph Thunderbird Commander is priced at $15,699. Hit the jump for more information on the 2014 Triumph Thunderbird Commander. 01.6.2014 09:38 by Sulthoni Low, mean and classy, the 2014 Triumph Thunderbird is a modern cruiser that offers first class performances in terms of handling. Its relaxed riding position, the attractive design language and strong engine offer a tasty mix that will make your heart go pumping like crazy every time you’ll start riding down the street. Talking about engine, the Triumph Thunderbird is propelled by a 1597 cc, liquid cooled, DOHC, parallel twin unit which rewards you with a maximum power of 86 PS and a thumping 146 Nm of torque at just 2750rpm. All this power is kept in leash by a six speed transmission. Other features worthy of being mentioned include 19 and 17 inch front and rear cast aluminum wheels, a 5.8 gallons fuel tank and a tubular steel frame. The 2014 Triumph Thunderbird is offered with a base price of $13,499. Hit the jump for more information on the 2014 Triumph Thunderbird. 11.8.2013 08:36 by Serafim Triumph launched its new 2014 Thunderbird LT at EICMA. The motorcycle is loaded with a long list of comfort features which make it a great choice for touring lovers. It is powered by a 1597 cc, Liquid-cooled, DOHC, Parallel-twin engine that delivers a maximum power of 86PS at 4850 rpm and 146NM of torque at 2750	Indian Motorcycle History Custom Search Indian Motorcycle History The "Indian Motocycle Co." was founded as the Hendee Manufacturing Company by George M. Hendee and Carl Oscar Hedström. Both Hendee and Hedström were former bicycle racers who teamed up to produce a motorcycle with a 1.75 bhp, single cylinder engine in Hendee's home town of Springfield. The bike was successful and sales increased dramatically during the next decade. 1901, Prototype and two production units successfully designed, built and tested. Work began on these in previous years. 1902, First Indian motorcycles, featuring innovative belt-drives and streamlined styling, sold to public. 1903 Indian co-founder and chief engineer Oscar Hedstrom sets world motorcycle speed record (56mph). In 1904, the so-called diamond framed Indian Single, whose engine was built by the Aurora Firm in Illinois, was made available in the deep red color that would become Indian's trademark. By now, the production was up to over 500 bikes annually and would rise to its best ever 32,000 in 1913. In 1907, Indian built its first V-twin, and in following years made a strong showing in racing and record-breaking. One of the firm's most famous riders was Erwin "Cannonball" Baker, who set many long-distance records. In 1914, he rode an Indian across America, from San Diego to New York, in a record 11 days, 12 hours and ten minutes. Baker's mount in subsequent years was the Powerplus, a side-valve V-Twin, which was introduced in 1916. Its 61ci (1000 cc), 42 degree V-twin engine was more powerful and quieter than previous designs, giving a top speed of 60 mph (96 km/h). The Powerplus was highly successful, both as a roadster and as the basis for racing bikes. It remained in production with few changes until 1924. Competition success played a big part in Indian's rapid growth and spurred technical innovation, as well. One of the American firm's best early results came in the Isle of Man TT in 1911, when Indian riders Godfrey, Franklin and Moorehouse finished first, second and third. Indian star Jake De Rosier set several speed records both in America and at Brooklands in England, and won an estimated 900 races on dirt and board track racing. He left Indian for Excelsior and died in 1913, aged 33, of injuries sustained in a board track race crash with Charles "Fearless" Balke, who later became Indian's top rider.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,808	In what year did Harold Macmillan introduce Premium Bonds?	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 18 \| 1956: Macmillan unveils premium bond scheme About This Site \| Text Only 1956: Macmillan unveils premium bond scheme The British Chancellor Harold Macmillan has unveiled plans for a new state saving scheme offering cash prizes instead of interest. The premium bond would be "something completely new for the saver in Great Britain," he told MPs. The scheme is part of what he called his "savings budget" aimed at getting more people to save money by offering a top prize of �1,000. However the proposal is likely to draw criticism from some who regard the scheme as a form of gambling and therefore oppose the idea on moral grounds. Small fortune Mr Macmillan tried to head off the critics by declaring: "This is not a pool or a lottery, where you spend your money." The investor would be saving their money and the government would guarantee to buy the bonds back at the original price at any time. There was laughter as he insisted the premium bonds would bring in new savers tempted by the possibility of winning a small fortune. But Labour spokesman Harold Wilson urged the chancellor to take the sale of premium bonds out of his financial proposals and allow MPs to examine the idea in more detail as part of the government's bill on gambling and betting. The Rev J Clark Gibson, secretary of the Churches' Committee on Gambling said he understood the chancellor's aim but rejected the plan. "As the prizes are distributed by chance the deal therefore becomes a gamble, because the gains of the few are at the loss of the whole body of investors, whether they want to gamble or not," he said. The bonds will cost �1 each and holders will have a chance of winning a prize in a quarterly draw. The government will pay out the equivalent in prizes of 4% interest on the total number of bonds. Lord Mackintosh of Halifax, chairman of the National Savings Committee, said he hoped the premium bond, with its tax-free prizes, would bring "millions of people who had so far not found the conventional forms of savings attractive" into the fold. It seems likely the new bonds will be sold over the counter at post offices and possibly banks. Sweden has had state lotteries since 1896. The last one was held in 1955 to raise funds for the State Opera. Finland and Greece have also had similar schemes.	Puzzles - Board Games 1. Name the three red properties on a standard UK Monopoly board? 2. What is the name of the victim in 'Cluedo'? 3. In Risk, what colour is Europe? 4. What is the only UK monopoly property which contains all of the letters in the word 'monopoly' in its name? 5. In Scrabble, which two letters are worth 8 points? 6. In UK Monopoly, how much money does each player have at the start of the game? 7. How many white squares are there on a chess board? 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980’s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? 9. How many rooms are there in 'Cluedo'? 10. 16. With which board game would you associate Bernard, Eric, Frans, Maria and Anita? 1. Name the three red properties on a standard UK Monopoly board? Trafalgar Square, Strand, Fleet Street 2. What is the name of the victim in 'Cluedo'? Doctor Black 3. In Risk, what colour is Europe? Blue 4. What is the only UK monopoly property which contains all of the letters in the word 'monopoly' in its name? Electric Company 6. In UK Monopoly, how much money does each player have at the start of the game? �1,500 7. How many white squares are there on a chess board? 32 5. In Scrabble, which two letters are worth 8 points? Are they X and J?????? 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980�s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? don't know the name, but is it that sort of tilt-'n-turn maze? If so, I think we've got one somewhere ... 9. How many rooms are there in 'Cluedo'? 9??????????? well done Helio and the Chaircat Has anyone ever played Risk? would you recommend it? actually, will start a new topic on the subject 8. Which game, introduced in the 1980’s and still available today involved guiding a metal ball around an obstacle course? Screwball Scramble never heard of it! i was thinking of Mousetrap! which my cousin had and I never did 10. 16. With which board game would you associate Bernard, Eric, Frans, Maria and Anita? Guess Who! STPD's favourite game for a while. I'm not sure about Risk. It can lead to brother (and sister) raising hand against brother - there's only so many times you can forgive backstabbing and betrayal! Oh heck we can do that here without the help of any old board game - just 'who left the trail of crumbs up the stairs' 'not me, it must have been my sister' does the trick.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,809	Steve Halliwell plays which character in the UK television soap ‘Emmerdale’?	Emmerdale star Steve Halliwell - I want Zak and Lisa to get back together - Spoilers! Emmerdale star Steve Halliwell - I want Zak and Lisa to get back together Is there going to be a Dingle reunion? ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW By David Brown Tuesday 2 August 2016 at 8:13AM Emmerdale stalwart Steve Halliwell as admitted that he wants to see his character Zak Dingle reunited with ex-wife Lisa. "It's because of the long tradition of the Dingles and the fact that Zak and Lisa were a symbol of loyalty and family values," says the actor. "It's what the viewers would like. And it's what I would like too." Next week's episodes of the ITV soap will see Zak's wedding day to Joanie arrive, but Halliwell says that he's still getting flak from fans about him having split from Lisa in the first place: "People do shout out at me, 'what are you doing, you naughty man? Get back with Lisa!' And I tell them that's in the hands of the writers. I don't know whether he will get back with her, but I think he could. Viewers say to me that Joanie's all right, but she's not Lisa." And regular Emmerdale watches might just get the first sign of any reconciliation in an upcoming episode when Zak learns that Lisa isn't coping well with the idea of her ex marrying another woman. "Because Lisa’s been quite kind about the wedding and has even wished them luck, Zak assumes she’s dealing with it well. "And when he finds out that she’s not, he feels he has to tell her that he’ll always be there for her if she needs her." So could this be a hint of a Zak and Lisa reunion? You'll have to watch all the drama on next week's Emmerdale to find out! You can watch a 60-second rundown of next week's episodes of Emmerdale below And visit our dedicated Emmerdale page for all the latest news, interviews and spoilers	A Brief History Of Time (Travel): New Earth New Earth Plot The Doctor is summoned to a hospital on New Earth in the far future. The facility is run by the cat-like Sisters of Plenitude, and the Doctor is astonished to find that the Sisters' medical technology is centuries ahead of its time. Meanwhile, Rose is lured into a trap by Cassandra, the last human, who aims to restore her long-lost beauty while uncovering the secrets of the Sisters of Plenitude. Production One of the early successes of Doctor Who's first season back on the air was The End Of The World . Considerable word of mouth was excited by its vastly far-future setting and plethora of alien creatures, and in particular its digitally-rendered villainess, Cassandra. For the programme's next season, executive producer Russell T Davies was eager to write a sequel -- not just in the hope of catching lightning in a bottle twice, but also to further reinforce (as with the appearance of Harriet Jones in The Christmas Invasion ) that the change in lead actor from Christopher Eccleston to David Tennant had not fundamentally altered the show. Davies therefore came up with an idea originally called “Body Swap”. In addition to Cassandra and the Year Five Billion setting, Davies also decided to bring back another character from The End Of The World : the monolithic Face of Boe. Davies had devised a “secret” which the Face of Boe (who, it had been implied in the first season's The Long Game , was incredibly long-lived) would impart to the Doctor. Originally, this secret would be divulged at the end of “Body Swap”, but when Doctor Who's renewal was extended to include a third year in June 2005, Davies opted to postpone its revelation. In the original climax, the Doctor was forced to let the Intensive Care patients die “Body Swap” was initially set on a planet named Coffra, but this had changed by the time the adventure gained its final title of New Earth. The Sisters of Patience became the Sisters of Plenitude, and the medical facility was at one point called the Hospital of Evergreen Days. Cassandra's servant was envisioned as a dwarf named Zaggit, but as the character's importance grew during the scripting process, he developed into Chip. The climax of the story changed significantly from Davies' original conception; at first, the Doctor would have been forced to let the Intensive Care patients die, but Davies came up with a more optimistic solution when Steven Moffat (who had written The Empty Child / The Doctor Dances for the 2005 season) observed that Davies had a penchant for creating interesting characters and then doing away with them. As for Cassandra herself, Davies intentionally kept her appearances as a “stretched skin” to a minimum, because these scenes were gruelling to computer-animate. Instead, Davies came up with Cassandra's ability to take over the bodies of others, which also fulfilled a promise to Billie Piper that she would be given a comic role in the new season, as a counterpoint to the often very serious material she had tackled the year before. New Earth formed part of the first production block for the new Doctor Who programme's second season, directed by James Hawes alongside The Christmas Invasion and School Reunion . The first sequences filmed for New Earth were all those featuring Zoe Wanamaker in person; Wanamaker had thoroughly enjoyed recording Cassandra's lines for The End Of The World and was happy to take an on-camera role in the sequel, but also had very limited availability. Cassandra's party was actually held on August 1st at the Bar Orient restaurant on Cardiff Bay. The same day, the departure of the TARDIS from London was recorded elsewhere in Cardiff, at Loudoun Square in Gabalfa. Production did not resume until August 22nd, when special effects work was conducted at HTV Studios in Culverhouse Cross, Cardiff. Things then picked up in earnest in September. By this time, most of The Christmas Invasion and School Reunion had been completed and the recording block as a whole had fallen ba	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,810	Who was the last man to have set foot on the moon?	Another giant step? Last man on moon calls for return \| Fox News Another giant step? Last man on moon calls for return Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print Dec. 11, 2012: Harrison "Jack" Schmitt (center), the Apollo 17 lunar module pilot and final man to set foot on the moon, speaks at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL, with moderator Steve Johnson and NASA astrogeologist Jim Rice (left). (Donnie Claxton/USSRC) Dec. 11, 2012: Apollo 17 lunar module pilot Harrison "Jack" Schmitt stands before an Apollo exhibit at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL. (Donnie Claxton/USSRC) Dec. 11, 2012: Apollo 17 lunar module pilot Harrison "Jack" Schmitt speaks at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL on the 40th anniversary of his trip to the moon. (Donnie Claxton/USSRC) Previous Next If NASA wants to get to Mars, the fastest way to get there is by returning to the moon -- according to the last man to walk on the lunar surface. “The moon is going to be an extraordinary resource for future generations as they go deeper into space and as they begin to settle the moon and eventually Mars,” said Harrison “Jack” Schmitt, the Apollo 17 lunar module pilot. Apollo 17, the final mission to send men to the moon, launched on Dec. 7, 1972, carrying Schmitt, command module pilot Ronald Evans and Commander Gene Cernan. Schmitt was the 12th and final man on the moon; Cernan was 11th and last to depart the planet’s surface. Schmitt visited the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, AL Tuesday evening to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 17 moon landing, Dec. 11, 1972. 'The moon’s resources include a light isotope of helium that is an ideal fuel for fusion power reactors here on Earth.' - Apollo 17 lunar module pilot Harrison “Jack” Schmitt Speaking to FoxNews.com, Schmitt said he believes the moon holds many of the answers we need to safely travel to other planets such as Mars. More On This... Life after smartphones—what's next? “There are many aspects of the Mars mission that need the moon and the Earth’s upper atmosphere as places to train, and to simulate and test the equipment that’s going to be needed on Mars,” he said. The former astronaut -- a geologist and now an adjunct professor at the University of Wisconsin -- believes the moon could also help lead to the development of a fusion rocket capable of accelerating and decelerating in space on a continuous basis. Such a vehicle would be ideal for deep space journeys. “The moon’s resources include a light isotope of helium that is an ideal fuel for fusion power reactors here on Earth, as well as for interplanetary spacecraft,” Schmitt said. But even with rockets capable of reaching the Martian planet, research is needed before man can actually land on its surface. “Right now all we know is that the Martian atmosphere is just enough to cause a lot of problems and not enough to be of much help. Those kind of issues have to be addressed and learned,” he told FoxNews.com. Apart from space travel, Schmitt believes the moon can also help us understand the origins of our own planet. But for any of this to be possible, a younger generation needs to be educated, prepared and inspired to carry out the future of space exploration. “Young people provide the patriotism, the imagination, the stamina and the courage that you just have to have when you undertake these kinds of efforts,” he said. “The education system in this country is fundamentally broken, and until we focus on that it’s not just space that’s going to suffer,” Schmitt told FoxNews.com. “It’s almost every national endeavor that you can imagine is going to suffer.” Much of the responsibility for inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers lies with politicians in Washington, Schmitt believes. And the failure of the space program’s continual expansion since his trip to the moon 40 years ago also lies with those leaders. “The main thing that’s missing right now is leadership in Washington that will activate the interest of the national media and therefore the interest of the	Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon Apollo 11: First Men on the Moon By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor \| July 25, 2012 03:39pm ET MORE Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin Aldrin photographed this iconic photo, a view of his footprint in the lunar soil, as part of an experiment to study the nature of lunar dust and the effects of pressure on the surface during the historic first manned moon landing in July 1969. Credit: NASA The historic launch of the Apollo 11 mission carried three astronauts toward the moon. Two of them would set foot on the lunar surface for the first time in human history as millions of people around the world followed their steps on television. The astronauts The crew of Apollo 11 were all experienced astronauts. All three had flown missions into space before. Cmdr. Neil Armstrong , 38, had previously piloted Gemini 8, the first time two vehicles docked in space. Born Aug. 5, 1930, in Ohio, Armstrong was 38 when he became the first civilian to command two American space missions. Apollo 11 crew: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. Credit: NASA Col. Edwin Eugene "Buzz" Aldrin , 39, was the first astronaut with a doctorate to fly in space. Born Jan. 20, 1930, in New Jersey, Aldrin piloted Gemini 12, taking a two-hour, twenty-minute walk in space to demonstrate that an astronaut could work efficiently outside of the vehicle. For Apollo 11, he served as the lunar module pilot. The command module pilot, Lt. Col. Michael Collins, 38, was born in Italy on Oct. 31, 1930. The pilot of Gemini 10, Collins spent almost an hour and a half outside of the craft on a space-walk and became the first person to meet another spacecraft in orbit. From Earth to the moon Mission planners at NASA studied the lunar surface for two years, searching for the best place to make the historic landing. Using high-resolution photographs taken by the Lunar Orbiter satellite and close-up photographs taken by the Surveyor spacecraft, they narrowed the initial thirty sites down to three. Influencing factors included the number of craters and boulders, few high cliffs or hills, and a relatively flat surface. The amount of sunlight was also a factor in determining the best time to land on the lunar surface. Apollo 11 launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 9:32 a.m. EDT on July 16, 1969. While in flight, the crew made two televised broadcasts from the interior of the ship, and a third transmission as they drew closer to the moon, revealing the lunar surface and the intended approach path. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin entered the lunar module, nicknamed the "Eagle" and separated from the Command Service Module — the "Columbia" — headed toward the lunar surface. Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin poses with the American flag on the surface of the moon in July 1969. Credit: NASA The lunar module touched down on the moon's Sea of Tranquility , a large basaltic region, at 4:17 p.m. EDT. Armstrong notified Houston with the historic words, "Houston, this is Tranquility Base. The Eagle has landed." For the first two hours, Armstrong and Aldrin checked all of the systems, configured the lunar module for the stay on the moon, and ate. They decided to skip the scheduled four-hour rest to explore the surface. A camera in the Eagle provided live coverage as Armstrong descended down a ladder at 11:56 p.m. on July 20, 1969, and uttered the words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin followed twenty minutes later, with Armstrong recording his descent. Armstrong had the responsibility to document the landing, so most of the images taken from the Apollo 11 mission were of Aldrin. [Images: NASA's Historic Apollo 11 Moon Landing in Pictures ] While on the surface, the astronauts set up several experiments, collected samples of lunar soil and rock to bring home, erected a United States flag, and took core samples from the crust. They spoke with U.S. President Richard Nixon, whose voice was transmitted from the White House, and placed a plaque that stated: HERE MEN FROM THE PLANET EARTH FIRST SET FOOT	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,811	What is a forty-fifth wedding anniversary traditionally called	45th Anniversary - Forty-Fifth Wedding Anniversary Most Popular Song 45 Years Ago: "THE FIRST TIME EVER I SAW YOUR FACE" - Roberta Flack Price of Gasoline when you were married: $.36 / gallon TRADITIONAL/MODERN GIFT: Both traditional and modern gifts for the 45th wedding anniversary are sapphire. As with most stones, sapphires can be incorporated into various sorts of jewelry or vases. Here are a few ideas: ring, pendant, money clip, tie clip, bracelet or cuff links. Some non-jewelry gift ideas are: blue home decor, blue crystal bowl or vase or blue lingerie or clothing. GEMSTONE: Sapphire is a very hard stone and its history dates back to biblical times. It is thought that the tablets containing the Ten Commandments were made from sapphire. It was also thought that the earth rested on a huge piece of sapphire which in turn reflected the sun and gave the sky its bluish color. Royalty has worn sapphire to symbolize wisdom, holiness, virtue and good fortune. Sapphire was used in Princess Diana’s engagement ring. Used in an engagement ring, sapphire is particularly meaningful because it symbolizes faithfulness and sincerity. It is an alternative to the traditional engagement ring. FLOWER: There isn’t a particular flower associated with the 45th wedding anniversary. This leaves the decision to you. You could get a bouquet of 45 of your spouse’s favorite flowers and put them in a sapphire colored vase or tie them with a sapphire colored ribbon. We invite you to visit us for your 50th anniversary and we will give you ideas for your golden anniversary.	Poll system, 2 new trivia lists · Twentysix26/Red-DiscordBot@9ce74b6 · GitHub 75 trivia/2015.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +In China in 2015 the record for the longest mating session between two giant pandas was broken at?`18 minutes`18 mins +Ford claimed to launch the first 'e-(What?)' at the 2015 Mobile World Congress Show?`Bike +A 2015 intensive listening study discovered that giraffes actually?`Hum +Name the last US president to meet the leader of Cuba before Barack Obama did in 2015?`Eisenhower +Jay Z and Beyonce launched a music streaming service in 2015 called? `Tidal +At auction in 2015, $1.2m was paid for Don McLean's original handrwitten lyrics for which 1971 big hit song? `American Pie +In 2015 what global contest ruled against the use of swimsuits for its 114 competitors, for the first time since 1951 inception? `Miss World +Which vast tech corporation opened its first 'Nest' branded intelligent home store in Palo Alto California in 2015?`Google +In 2015 Japan lowered its voting age to what?`18`eighteen +The abbreviation MERS, significantly impacting South Korea 2015, is otherwise known as?`Camel Flu +Christian is the lead character in the film 2015 adaptation of what extraordinarily successful book?`Fifty Shades of Grey`50 shades of grey +Who stepped down as chief of 21st Century Fox in 2015?`Rupert Murdoch`murdoch +In 2015 a new North Korean schools curriculum reportedly included that leader Kim Jong-un learnt to drive at age?`3`three +Which car company launched the Avensis model in 2015?`Toyota +In 2015 evidence of water was found on which planet?`Mars +Which 'BRIC' country launched the Astrosat space lab in 2015?`India +Who won the 2015 men's tennis French Open?`Stan Warwinka`warwinka +What company launched the S6 Edge smartphone?`Samsung +Which leading professional networking tech corporation, whose main revenue is selling user access/details to recruiters, bought the Lynda learning company for $1.5bn in 2015?`Linkedin`linked in +'Dismaland' was the temporary theme park/exhibition of which famous 'anonymous' artist?`Banksy +Matthais Muller was made chief of which troubled car company in 2015?`Volkswagen`vw +In 2015 the World Anti-Doping Agency suggested banning which nation from the 2016 Olympics?`Russia +The game of Monopoly celebrated what anniversary in 2015?`eighty`80`80th +Name the Princess born 4th in succession to the British throne in 2015, to Britain's Duke and Duchess of Cambridge?`Charlotte +The 2015 Mad Max movie is sub-titled?`Fury Road`mad max: fury road`mad max fury road +The Magna Carta, signed in London, and inspiring constitutional rights globally thereafter, was how many years old in 2015?`eight hundred`800 +In 2015 the Sinabug volcano erupted in what country?`Indonesia +Olav Bjortmont became 2015 world champion in?`Quizzing`quiz +Lars Lokke led his centre-right party to 2015 government election victory in what country?`Denmark +Blackberry's new phone for 2015 was called the...?`Priv +Facebook's new music sharing/streaming feature launched in 2015 was called "Music... "?`Stories +Eddie Jones was appointed head coach of which English sporting team in 2015?`Rugby Union`rugby +According to 2015 survey what fruit was most popular among USA children?`Apples`apple +Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey celebrated what birthday in 2015?`49`fourty-nine`fourty nine`49th +Jon Snow was killed off in what TV series in 2015, adapted from GRR Martin's 'A Song of Ice and Fire'?`Game of Thrones +Finance minister Yanis Yaroufakis caused comment for not wearing a tie in February 2015 when negotiating the debts for which nation?`Greece +What nation hosted the 2015 Women's World (soccer) Cup?`Canada +What iconic equine-alluding company, in countless books/films/cowboy holsters, filed for bankruptcy in 2015?`Colt +Due to a 2015 contamination scandal in India/Afica, which corporation destroyed 400 million packets of Maggi noodles?`Nestle +How many years old was the McDonalds fast food company in 2015?`60`sixty +It was announced in 2015 that Alexander Hamilton would be replaced on?`$10 bill`$10`tendollars`ten dollar bill`ten	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,812	"The Battle of the River Plate was between the ""Ajax"", the ""Achilles"", the ""Exeter"" and which other ship?"	HMS ACHILLES - THE BATTLE AT THE RIVER PLATE Next The Battle of the River Plate Yet, according to the German account of the action, the Admiral Graf Spee had sustained only two 8-inch and eighteen 6-inch hits. One officer and thirty-five ratings had been killed and sixty wounded. The fighting value of the ship had not been destroyed, the report said. The main armament was fully effective, but there remained only 306 rounds of 11-inch ammunition, representing about 40 per cent of the original supply. The secondary armament was effective with the exception of one gun on the port side and the ammunition hoists of the forward 5·9-inch guns. In consequence, only the four ammunition hoists aft were available for use and the forward guns would have to be supplied from aft. More than 50 per cent of the ammunition supply for the secondary armament remained. The engines were available for maximum speed with the exception of defects of long standing in the auxiliary engines. The survey of damage showed that all galleys were out of action with the exception of the Admiral's galley. The possibility of repairing them with the ship's own resources was doubtful. Penetration of water into the flour store made the continued supply of bread questionable, while hits in the fore part of the ship rendered her unseaworthy for the North Atlantic winter. One shell had penetrated the armour belt and the armoured deck had also been torn open in one place. There was also damage in the after part of the ship. The ship's resources were considered inadequate for making her seaworthy, and there seemed no prospect of shaking off the shadowers. Captain Langsdorff therefore decided to steer for Montevideo. He signalled his account of the action and his intentions to Berlin. Before the ship had entered Montevideo harbour he had already received from Admiral Raeder the reply: Your intentions understood. Almost exactly twenty-five years before on 8 December 1914 Admiral Graf Spee's four cruisers Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Nurnberg, and Leipzig, had fought to the last against a greatly superior British force, 1100 miles south of the area from which the powerful ship bearing the name of the German admiral was now retreating at speed from two small cruisers, one of which had only half her guns in action. When the Ajax and Achilles turned away, the Admiral Graf Spee made no attempt to follow them, but steadied on a course almost due west and proceeded at 23 knots direct for the River Plate. Six minutes later the British cruisers hauled round and began to shadow the enemy, the Ajax to port and the Achilles to starboard, at a distance of about 15 miles. In the prevailing conditions of extreme visibility, the conspicuous control tower and bridge of the Admiral Graf Spee, as well as her continuous funnel smoke, made it an easy matter to shadow her at long range. The irregular arc on which the Ajax and Achilles had steamed and fought had brought them by eight o'clock to a position barely 20 miles north-west from that in which they had first sighted the enemy. As the Ajax's wireless aerials were still down, the Achilles was ordered to broadcast the position, course, and speed of the Admiral Graf Spee to all British merchant ships in the River Plate area. Similar messages were subsequently broadcast hourly by the Ajax until the end of the chase. By 8.14 a.m. the Exeter was out of sight to the south-eastward and Commodore Harwood ordered his aircraft to tell her to close. At 9.10 a.m. the aircraft reported: Exeter is badly damaged, but is joining you as best she can. Two minutes later the Ajax recovered her aircraft, which had been in the air for two hours and 35 minutes. Captain Bell of the Exeter did his best to rejoin but, having only an inaccurate boat compass to steer by, was unable to make contact. He then decided to steer towards the nearest land, some 200 miles to the westward, and speed was reduced while bulkheads were being shored and the ship's list corrected. Harwood's objective was the destruction of the Admiral Graf Spee in close action after	Index-a This Week's Puzzles So You Think You Know Soccer A soccer goal is what dimensions, yards wide and feet high: 8x7; 7x8; 8x8 or 9x8? According to FIFA World Cup rules which flag must be displayed inside each match stadium besides those of FIFA/Fair Play, and the two competing nations? Approximately how many million people play regular organized football in the world (at the early 2000s): 5; 25; 65; or 250? The word soccer derives from: Sock; Association; Kosher; or Socrates? What is not required by the rules of soccer: Goal net; Penalty spot; Specified ball pressure; or Shin guards? The 2014 World Cup Finals allocated European and African teams respectively how many places: 3 and 9; 4 and 10; 5 and 13; or 6 and 15? What city/club football rules, which spread widely in the late 1800s, introduced heading, corners, throw-ins, changing ends, and the goal crossbar: Sheffield; Paris; Milan; or Berlin? FIFA's 2014 World Cup Finals/Qualifying rules dictate a match squad of how many players: 18; 23; 26; or 30? In the 2010 World Cup Final, Jo'bulani was the: Winner's national anthem; Winning goalscorer; Ball; or Trumpet-like horn blown by fans? The minimum rest-period between two games for any team at the 2014 World Cup is how many hours: 24; 36; 48; or 72? Soccer rules award what after an 'own goal' directly from a throw-in: Goal; Penalty; Corner; or Drop-ball? The headquarters of FIFA are in Brussels; London; Zurich, or Oslo? Who has made the World Cup footballs since 1970: Adidas; Puma; Umbro; or Nike? The World Cup Qualifiying matches between El Salvador v Honduras in 1969 coincided with what mutual event: Independence; Earthquake; Drought; or War? The first ever ï¿½100,000 (or above) football transfer, in 1961, was: Bobby Moore; Pele; Dennis Law; or Eusebio? A white ball was first used in a World Cup in: 1930; 1950; 1966; or 1982? The centre circle of a soccer pitch is used only at kick-offs/re-starts, and in which other game feature? Matthias Sammer, Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane, Rivaldo, and Luis Figo won what between 1990-2002: European Cup; World Cup; Golden Boot; or European Footballer of the Year? The first, second and third placed teams at the 2014 World Cup receive how many medals: 20; 30; 40 or 50? Soccer has been an Olympic event since: 1900; 1964; 1992; or 2002? PAGE 6	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,813	"What is the Latin for ""therefore""?"	Therefore in Latin - English-Latin Dictionary - Glosbe therefore in Latin translation and definition "therefore", English-Latin Dictionary online pronunciation: IPA: /ˈðɛəfɔː/ /ˈðɛɹfɔɹ/ , SAMPA: /"DE@fO:/ /"DErfOr/ Translations into Latin: for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that en.wiktionary.org Denotes a logical conclusion \|cf. cogito ergo sum\|. en.wiktionary.org ex quo factum est, ut igitur for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that en.wiktionary.org ex quo factum est, ut en.wiktionary.org for that or this reason; for that itaque for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that en.wiktionary.org ex quo factum est, ut en.wiktionary.org for that or this reason; for that propterea for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that en.wiktionary.org ex quo factum est, ut en.wiktionary.org for that or this reason; for that autem for that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that en.wiktionary.org for that or this reason; for that ergō for that or this reason; for that idcirco Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut inde Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut ob eam causam Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut quare Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut ea de causa Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut ob eam rem Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut qua de causa Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut quae cum ita sint Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut quam ob rem Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut quamobrem Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut quapropter Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut quocirca Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ex quo factum est, ut Charlton T. Lewis (adverb, verb, verb (ire conjugation) ) Charlton T. Lewis Dbnary: Wiktionary as Linguistic Linked Open Data ob eas causas For that or this purpose, referring to something previously stated. plwordnet-defs as a consequence; "he had good reason to be grateful for the opportunities which they had made available to him and which consequently led to the good position he now held" plwordnet-defs (used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result; "therefore X must be true"; "the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory"; "we were young and thence optimistic"; "it is late and thus we must go"; "the witness is biased and so cannot be trusted" en.wiktionary.org (conjunctive) For that or this purpose, referring to something previously stated. Luhua (eg.he came then he left ) en.wiktionary.org (conjunctive) Consequently, by or in consequence of that or this cause; referring to something previously stated. en.wiktionary.2016 Consequently, by or in consequence of that or this cause; referring to something previously stated. omegawiki [A word that expresses that something is or should be the consequence of something else]. more less cum hoc ergo propter hoc more less en I think, therefore I am. tatoeba la Cogito, ergo sum. en "If, therefore, now that fortune has put you in our power, you will take this opportunity to unite with the good citizens, in the defense of the commonwealth, I am determined to give you life and money: therefore speak openly your sentiments.""" latin-ancient la Quos quoniam fortuna in nostram detulit potestatem, si, id quod facere debetis, rem publicam cum optimo quoque defendetis, certum est vobis vitam et pecuniam donare. Quapropter quid sentiatis proloquimini.' en And therefore I denounced to Varus, who then commanded your army, Arminius, the ravisher of my daughter,	Appendix:List of Latin phrases - Wiktionary Appendix:List of Latin phrases Appendix: *List of Latin phrases Warning, this page may be too large for some browsers. If so, the sections can be reviewed individually: This appendix lists direct English translations of Latin phrases. Some of the phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases, as Greek rhetoric and literature reached its peak centuries before that of Ancient Rome: Contents A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V This list is a combination of the three divided pages, for users who have no trouble loading large pages and prefer a single page to scroll or search through. The contents of the list cannot be edited here, and are kept automatically in synch with the divided lists (A-E), (F-O) and P-Z) through template inclusion. a bene placito "from one who has been pleased well" Or "at will", "at one's pleasure". This phrase, and its Italian (beneplacito) and Spanish (beneplácito) derivatives, are synonymous with the more common ad libitum ("at pleasure"). abusus non tollit usum "abuse does not preclude proper use" a caelo usque ad centrum "from the sky to the center" Or "from heaven all the way to the center of the earth". In law, can refer to the obsolete cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos maxim of property ownership. a capite ad calcem From top to bottom; all the way through. Equally a pedibus usque ad caput. a contrario "from the opposite" Equivalent to "on the contrary" or "au contraire". An argumentum a contrario is an "argument from the contrary", an argument or proof by contrast or direct opposite. a Deucalione a fortiori "from the stronger" Loosely, "even more so" or "with even stronger reason". Often used to lead from a less certain proposition to a more evident corollary. a mari usque ad mare "from sea to sea" From Psalm 72:8, "Et dominabitur a mari usque ad mare, et a flumine usque ad terminos terrae" ( KJV : "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth"). National motto of Canada . a pedibus usque ad caput "from feet to head" Completely. Similar to the English expressions "from tip to toe" or "from top to toe". Equally a capite ad calcem. See also ab ovo usque ad mala. a posse ad esse "from being able to being" "From possibility to actuality" or "from being possible to being actual" a posteriori "from the latter" Based on observation (i.e., empirical knowledge ), the reverse of a priori. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known after a proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something that can be known from empirical experience. a priori "from the former" Presupposed, the reverse of a posteriori. Used in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known or postulated before a proof has been carried out. In philosophy, used to denote something that can be known without empirical experience. In everyday speech, it denotes something occurring or being known before the event. ab absurdo "from the absurd" Said of an argument that seeks to prove a statement's validity by pointing out the absurdity of an opponent's position (cf. appeal to ridicule ) or that an assertion is false because of its absurdity. Not to be confused with a reductio ad absurdum , which is usually a valid logical argument. ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia "a consequence from an abuse to a use is not valid" Inferences regarding something's use from its misuse are invalid. Rights abused are still rights (cf. abusus non tollit usum). ab aeterno "from the eternal" Literally, "from the everlasting" or "from eternity". Thus, "from time immemorial", "since the beginning of time" or "from an infinitely remote time in the past". In theology, often indicates something, such as the universe, that was created outside of time. ab antiquo ab extra "from beyond" A legal term meaning "from without". From external sources, rather than from the self or the mind (ab intra). ab hinc Often rendered abhinc (which in Latin means simply "since" or "ago"). ab imo pectore "from the bottom	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,814	Although it has been around since 1901, which baseball league is known as the Junior Circuit?	Baseball History in 1901: The American League 1901 Leaders & Numbers 1900 1902 1900s 1901 The American League Ban Johnson upgrades his minor league circuit to the big time and scores an impressive and colorful debut, thanks to aggressive player raids upon National League rosters. For nine full years, the National League was afforded the privilege of being unchallenged. Like a true monopoly, the NL’s magnates pretty much got away with whatever they wanted. Yet the senior circuit’s corrupt arrogance was matched only by its sloppiness. As it reveled and rested in baseball’s castle of supremacy, no one was minding the watchtower, neither fearful nor aware that a possible upstart would charge forth. But little had the NL realized that, by 1893—barely two years after becoming the sole major league with the death of the American Association—the seeds had already been sown from which serious competition would sprout. The birth of the American League, its slow and steady progress toward major league status, and its hostile arrival in 1901 as an intended equal to the NL would have a profound influence in shaping the destiny of big league baseball through the 20th Century and beyond. Long before acquiring the unofficial title of God in the AL, Byron Bancroft “Ban” Johnson was a young Cincinnati sportswriter who loved baseball but hated its immoral attitudes. Through his columns, Johnson aggressively campaigned for a clean game where players behaved, umpires were in control, and rowdy hooligans gotten rid of. It never dawned on Johnson that he could act on his scriptures of reform by getting involved in baseball—until prodded to do so one evening at a bar with Charles Comiskey, a successful player-manager in the majors since the age of 23. Though it was not the be-all, end-all of baseball, the Western League was a good place for Johnson to start—a minor league operation westward and wayward enough to avoid constant badgering from conniving NL owners. Johnson took over the circuit in 1893 at age 29 and quickly proved that, pound for pound—both figuratively and literally—his 300-lb. presence was as powerful as his pen, passionately persuading his way to a role as league czar and instilling his doctrine of fair and clean play. Under Johnson’s rule, the WL instantly became a financial and critical hit; NL owners took notice, casually nodded and carried on with their shenanigans. With Comiskey in tow as the head man for the WL’s St. Paul franchise, Johnson’s self-confident (if not self-righteous) stature grew to the point that he eyed self-promotion of his league from minor to major. In 1900, he fired two warning shots across the NL’s bow; he renamed his circuit the American League, and he moved Comiskey’s team to Chicago. The NL was fine with its first direct competition from Johnson in the Windy City, but only on the conditions that it stay minor league and play in Chicago’s filthy industrial south side without a city ID—leaving the team to be formally listed simply as the “White Stockings.” Johnson, who risked outlaw status per the sport’s National Agreement if he violated the terms, agreed. He was just happy to be in the NL’s backyard. For 1901, Johnson removed the kid gloves and went for the kill. Conditions were abundantly ripe for AL advancement. The NL had opened up several idle baseball marketsJohnson quickly took advantage of one former NL city for 1900: Cleveland. Their first home game drew 6,500, more than the woebegone 1899 NL Spiders drew all year. by reducing its lineup from 12 teams to eight in 1900. Frustrated NL players had formed a union, but their owners laughed it off. Rowdyism remained rampant in the NL, enhancing Johnson’s position to sell the AL as a civilized alternative. And, most importantly, the National Agreement was set to expire—unchaining Johnson to do as he pleased without formal retribution. Johnson expanded his reach nationwide. Retaining franchises in Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee and Cleveland, Johnson began relocating the othersThe four AL cities spurned in the league’s quest for major league ascensio	Murderers' Row \| Baseball Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia File:1927NYYankees5.jpg Murderers' Row was the nickname given to the New York Yankees baseball team of the late 1920s , in particular the 1927 team. The term was actually coined in 1918 by a sportwriter to describe the 1918 pre- Babe Ruth Yankee lineup, a team with quality hitters such as Frank Baker and Wally Pipp , which led the A.L. in home runs with 45. A 1918 newspaper article described it: "New York fans have come to know a section of the Yankees' batting order as 'murderers' row.' It is composed of the first six players in the batting order -- Gilhooley, Peckinpaugh, Baker, Pratt, Pipp, and Bodie. This sextet has been hammering the offerings of all comers." [1] The term became revived for the Ruth, Lou Gehrig Yankee teams beginning in the mid-1920s, and was much more an appropriate term for this Yankee lineup (that produced some astounding offensive numbers) than for the earlier 1919 squad. The 1927 Yankees are recognized as one of the best teams in baseball history, alongside the 1939 Yankees, the 1961 Yankees and the 1998 Yankees. Owner Jacob Ruppert is the man most often credited for building the line-up of the team, although general manager Ed Barrow may have had as much to do with it. In a July series against the Washington Senators , the Yankees blasted their opponents 21-1 in one game and prompted Senators' first baseman Joe Judge to say, "Those fellows not only beat you but they tear your heart out. I wish the season was over." The 1927 season was particularly spectacular by baseball standards for the Yankees. After losing in the 1926 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals , they went 110-44 the next year, winning the A.L. pennant by 19 games, and sweeping the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1927 World Series . Only four teams have won more regular season games: the 1906 Chicago Cubs and the 2001 Seattle Mariners with 116, the 1954 Cleveland Indians with 111, and the 1998 Yankees with 114. However, the '98 Yanks and the Mariners played in 162 game schedules. More importantly, both the Cubs and the Indians lost the World Series in their years, and the Mariners didn't even reach the World Series in 2001. The '27 Yankees batted .307, slugged .489, scored 975 runs, and outscored their opponents by a record 376 runs. Center fielder Earle Combs had a career year, batting .356 with 231 hits, left fielder Bob Meusel batted .337 with 103 RBIs, and second baseman Tony Lazzeri drove in 102 runs. Gehrig batted .373, with 218 hits, 52 doubles, 18 triples, 47 home runs, a then record 175 RBIs, slugged at .765, and was voted A.L. MVP. Ruth amassed a .356 batting average, 164 RBIs, 158 runs scored, walked 137 times, and slugged .772. Most notably, his 60 home runs that year broke his own record and remained the Major League mark for 34 years until Roger Maris broke it. The pitching staff led the league in ERA at 3.20, and included Waite Hoyt , who went 22-7, which tied for the league lead, and Herb Pennock , who went 19-8. Wilcy Moore won 19 as a reliever. The 1927 Yankees would eventually send six players to the Baseball Hall of Fame . Three other Yankees pitchers had ERAs under 3.00 that season. After sweeping the Pirates in the Series, the Yankees repeated the feat by sweeping the Cardinals in the 1928 World Series . The Yankees remain the only team to ever sweep the World Series in consecutive years, though the Yankee teams of 1938 - 1939 and 1998 - 1999 repeated the feat. The nickname was revived in early 2004 following the trade of Alex Rodriguez to the Yankees, and again in 2006 , when the media began labeling that year's Yankees lineup as a modern-day Murderers' Row, a squad that included Rodriguez, Derek Jeter , Johnny Damon , Gary Sheffield , Robinson Cano , Bobby Abreu , Jason Giambi and Hideki Matsui . Neither of these teams reached the World Series; the 2004 team reached the American League Championship Series but lost four straight games against the eventual champion Boston Red Sox after winning the first three games in a best-of-seven series	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,815	Which of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments is played on grass courts?	Ranking the Best Grass-Court Players in Tennis History \| Bleacher Report Ranking the Best Grass-Court Players in Tennis History By Jake Curtis , Featured Columnist Jun 15, 2013 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Clive Brunskill/Getty Images Roger Federer and Pete Sampras in 2001 Wimbledon 17.5K 19 Comments Before 1975, when three of the four Grand Slam events were played on grass, proficiency on grass courts was necessary to achieve tennis stardom. The U.S. Pro Championships, a major event for professionals before the Open Era began in 1968, was also contested on grass sometimes. Today, Wimbledon is the only major tournament played on grass, with the few other grass-court tournaments serving primarily as Wimbledon tuneups. In ranking our top 10 grass-court players of all time, we considered how dominant the player was in the major grass-court tournaments of his or her era. We gave more weight to success in the Open Era because the depth of talent was much greater. Nonetheless, only one current player made our list, although a similar list compiled five or 10 years from now might include several of today's stars. We start with eight players who barely missed making our top 10. We then list the top 10 in descending order, although we hedged at the outset by having two players tie for the 10th spot. We noted three categories for each listed player: Why He or She Is Here, Wimbledon Highlights and Best Asset. Eight Just Outside the Top 10 Tony Duffy/Getty Images John McEnroe Venus Williams : With five Wimbledon titles and three runner-up finishes, Williams would probably be next on our list, and a strong case could be made that she belongs in the top 10. Serena Williams : A few more productive years would push her into the top 10. With five Wimbledon titles, you could argue she should be there already. Ken Rosewall: Rosewall won six Grand Slam events on grass (the first at age 18, the last at age 37), despite being banned from those events as a professional for 11 of his prime years. Margaret Court: Court won 19 Grand Slam events on grass at a time when more such opportunities existed and when many top players avoided the Australian Open. Jimmy Connors: Connors won four majors on grass, including two Wimbledons. Boris Becker: Becker won three Wimbledon titles, including his first at age 17, and was runner-up four times. John McEnroe: With a serve-and-volley game perfectly suited to grass, McEnroe won three Wimbledon titles and reached the finals two other times when the presence of Jimmy Connors and Bjorn Borg made that difficult. Roy Emerson: Emerson won 10 Grand Slam titles on grass, but all were before the Open Era, when pros were prevented from playing in those majors. 10. (tie) Bjorn Borg Getty Images/Getty Images Why He's Here: Borg was the first male since 1906 to win five straight Wimbledon titles. ( Roger Federer later matched that feat.) Borg did it when the men's game was filled with stars, as he beat the likes of Jimmy Connors, Ilie Nastase and John McEnroe in the finals. Borg was a Wimbledon finalist in 1981, shortly after his 25th birthday, seeking a sixth straight title. He lost to McEnroe and never played at Wimbledon again. Wimbledon Highlights: Borg won the 1975 title one month past his 20th birthday and did not lose a set in the process. He won 41 consecutive matches at Wimbledon, the last being a 1981 semifinal victory over Jimmy Connors after Borg had dropped the first two sets. Borg's most memorable match was his 1-6, 7-5, 6-3, 6-7 (16-18), 8-6 victory over McEnroe in the 1980 finals. It featured a 22-minute fourth-set tiebreaker, and is rated the second-best match in tennis history by both an ESPN.com article and Business Insider. Best Asset: His ability and willingness to adapt his game to grass made him a star. Though his basic game as a baseliner did not seem suited to grass, Borg developed a big serve and a decent volley that enabled him to be competitive on grass. His best weapon was his forehand, and he was one the first to impart extreme topspin on the shot. 10. (tie) Billie Jea	Tennis / Useful Notes - TV Tropes open/close all folders Current ATP Players Bob and Mike Bryan (USA) 1995-present: Twin brothers who were the No. 1 men's doubles team for practically the whole period from 2005 to early 2016, and hold virtually every record in the book for men's doubles teams. Their most notable team records are Grand Slam titles (16), tournaments won (109), most weeks at No. 1 (nearing 440), and most year-end No. 1 rankings (10). Named by ATP fans as their favorite team in each year since that award was created in 2006. They have a career Golden Slam in doubles after winning Olympic gold in London in 2012, and their win at Wimbledon in 2013 made them the first men's doubles team in the Open era to hold all four Grand Slam titles at once. Finally, they are the only men's doubles team in history to win every major title in the sportï¿½all four Grand Slam events, Olympic gold, every Masters 1000 event,note There have been 10 Masters 1000 events, but only nine in any given season. The former Hamburg event moved to Shanghai in 2009; the Bryans won in Hamburg in 2007 and Shanghai in 2014. the YEC, and Davis Cup. Marin Čilić (Croatia) 2005-present: Won the 2014 US Open in his first-ever Grand Slam final, taking down Federer along the way. While long a solidly competitive player, he had previously made it to the semifinals in only one Slam and the quarterfinals in three more. It remains to be seen whether his first Slam win is the start of bigger things. Novak Djokovic (Serbia) 2003-present: Has held No. 1 for 223 weeks and won 12 Grand Slams and an Olympic bronze medal in singles. Was constantly overshadowed by Federer and Nadal early on in his career despite being World No. 3 , until he went on a spectacular 43-0 game winning streak in 2011. Is also known as " Djoker " for his sense of humor and impersonations of other players. In 2016, he became the first men's singles tennis player since Rod Laver in 1969 to win four consecutive Slams, also earning the career Slam in the process. Roger Federer (Switzerland) 1998-present: Has held No. 1 for 302 weeks (longer than any other ATP player) and won an Open Era ATP record of 17 Grand Slams including a record-tying 7 Wimbledon, 5 US Open and 4 Australian Open titles (and 1 French Open, but that's not a record). Also has an Olympic gold medal in men's doubles with Stan Wawrinka (below) and a silver in singles. Is often cited as the greatest tennis player of all time. If one were to look up ATP tennis records on the Other Wiki , one would find his name on 90% .note Unless we're talking doubles records, in which case one would find the Bryans' names on about 99.9%. During his 2012 Wimbledon run he broke a record in every match he played after the second round. Andy Murray (UK) 2005-present: Current No. 1, beginning in November 2016. Has won 3 Grand Slams. In his earlier years, he was constantly known as "the best tennis player to never win a Grand Slam" because he did well enough in Slams to reach four finals yet wasn't able to win any of them. He broke a 76-year national hoodoo in 2012 by becoming the first male Brit to win a major — the US Open — since Fred Perry in 1936. He then broke a similar national drought the very next year by becoming the first male Brit to win Wimbledon since — you guessed it — Fred Perry in 1936, and then won it the second time in 2016. He's won not only one Olympic silver medal in mixed doubles, but two back-to-back gold medals in singles, making him the first tennis player to win two singles gold medals in a row. He also led Great Britain to a Davis Cup title in 2015, breaking a 79-year drought in that event. Guess who was Britain's leading player back then... Rafael Nadal (Spain) 2001-present: Has held No. 1 for 141 weeks, and also holds the record for the most weeks at No. 2 . He has won 14 Grand Slams. One of only four people to achieve a singles Career Golden Slam, which entails winning all four Grand Slam championships and the Olympic gold medal. Known as the "King of Clay", he has won a record nine French Open championship	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,816	Which male singer, in 2008, topped the UK/USA album charts with album 'Home before Dark'?	Neil Diamond - Home Before Dark CD Album > Home Before Dark CD music Product Description Home Before Dark album for sale by Neil Diamond was released Dec 09, 2014 on the Universal label. Lyricist: Neil Diamond. Home Before Dark CD music contains a single disc with 12 songs. Neil Diamond's 2005 collaboration with Rick Rubin, 12 SONGS, found the latter stripping the pop legend's work down to a sparse, acoustic-based sound, as he'd famously done for Johnny Cash in the '90s. Home Before Dark album for sale Apparently the experience impressed Diamond enough to warrant a second go-round with the producer. HOME BEFORE DARK takes a similar sonic approach as its predecessor; on most of these songs Diamond is backed by little more than Tom Petty's Heartbreakers, Mike Campbell's acoustic guitar and Benmont Tench's piano (the pair contributed to Cash's recordings too), but in restrospect, 12 SONGS almost seems like a warm-up for this one. ... See Full Description Home Before Dark buy CD music Product Reviews Rolling Stone (p.68) - 3 stars out of 5 -- "Like Johnny Cash's Rubin-produced AMERICAN RECORDINGS series, HOME BEFORE DARK cuts the music down to its essence..." Q (Magazine) (p.110) - 4 stars out of 5 -- "[H]e can still convey a tale of male insecurity and longing with just an unplugged guitar for company. The closing title track, a beautiful downbeat number, is testament alone to the benefits of less as more." Mojo (Publisher) (p.104) - 4 stars out of 5 -- "The songs are edgier, more rock -- no drums, it's Diamond's acoustic guitar providing the rhythmic thrust....Fans of dramatic Diamond are well taken care of here..." Mojo (Publisher) (p.72) - Ranked #10 in Mojo's "The 50 Best Albums Of 2008" -- "[P]owered by Diamond's acoustic guitar and intensely personal lyrics." Neil Diamond - Home Before Dark Album Track Listing Trk (2) A new chapter This is a new chapter ,if you will in neils music. I love the stripped down sound. Two good cd's in a row. By johnhreckard (Somerdale New Jersey) Review is for a different format . (17) (0) Diamond's finest recording With one or two exceptions, most notably The Jazz Singer in 1980, Neil Diamond's musical output since 1976's Beautiful Noise has been dragged down by over-production and self-indulgence. By Michael (Dublin, Ireland) Review is for a different format . (7) (1) Diamond is still forever I have loved Neil Diamond, actually, I've been obsessed with Neil Diamond since I was 13 years old, I'm now 53 years old. By Veronica (Maroochydore, Queensland - Australia) Review is for a different format . (4) (2) Better than "12 Songs" Surprisingly this is better than i expected. As for those who whine about the lack of strings and such remember... it's the songs that matter! This stark production is a million times better than the records like "Lovescapes" he was putting out in the 90's that sounded dated then and don't hold up at all now! By R.T. Fufkin (Los Feliz, CA) Review is for a different format . (1) (0) less is better Just like his last cd (12 songs). Neil proves he doesn't need all the smoke & mirrors of strings to prop up his voice. By Keith (Cabot AR) cdu4asppid music 9450879 cdu4pidall cdu4pls7 ver260cdu cdu4all 1/18/2017 8:18:10 PM � PreRip Terms and Conditions PreRip is a free option on select CD's displaying the PreRip icon. This option allows you to download the MP3 version of that CD immediately after your purchase. The physical CD will still be shipped to you. If you agree to accept your PreRip MP3s, please be aware that the corresponding CD will be non-refundable and cannot be canceled from your order. This protects us against customers taking the free MP3 and then canceling the CD. PreRip availability may change at any time, so we recommend that you download as soon as possible. Should the CD you receive be defective, we will exchange it for a new one. PreRip is only available to customers in the United States. This is a limitation placed on us by the record labels.	1. How many different scoring areas are there on a standard dart board? - Jade Wright - Liverpool Echo 1. How many different scoring areas are there on a standard dart board? 2. Which New York bridge, completed in 1883, was designed by John Augustus Roebling? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email 2. Which New York bridge, completed in 1883, was designed by John Augustus Roebling? 3. Taphephobia is the fear of what? 4. Concord is the capital of which American state? 5. Lentigines is the medical term for what? 6. Which Saint’s day is on March 1? 7. Which famous author once said: Work is the curse of the drinking classes? 8. Which line on the London Underground was opened in 1977 and was originally planned to be called Fleet? 9. In what year did Disneyland open? 10. Which TV police series began as a one off programme called Woodentop? 11. Who had a top 10 hit in 1998 called I Don’t Want To Miss A Thing? 12. How many legs does an ant have? 13. Which country is San Marino surrounded by? 14. Which waterway divides the Isle of Wight from the English mainland? 15. Which is bigger – one litre or two pints? 16. What type of creature is a motmot? 17. What was the subject of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty? 18. Who duetted with Michael Jackson on The Girl Is Mine? 19. How many inches are there in a yard? 20. Who wrote a book of children’s poems called Old Possum’s Book Of Practical Cats? 21. Who was the first man to fly the Atlantic solo? 22. What was the name of the first feature film in which the dog Lassie appeared? 23. Who won this year’s Badminton Horse Trials. 24. In which year did the Great Wall Street Crash occur? 25. Dustin Hoffman’s first major role was in which 1967 film? 26. From which football club did Arsenal sign midfielder Cesc Fabregas? 27. Which football team is nicknamed the Rams? 28. What colour are the five Olympic rings? 29. Which rugby union team won the 2007 EDF energy cup? 30. Who won the Golden Boot at the 1986 football World Cup? 1. 82; 2. Brooklyn Bridge; 3. The fear of being buried alive; 4. New Hampshire; 5. Freckles; 6. St David’s; 7. Oscar Wilde; 8. Jubilee; 9. 1955; 10. The Bill; 11. Aerosmith; 12. 6; 13. Italy; 14. The Solent; 15. Two pints; 16. A bird; 17. The unification of Europe; 18. Paul McCartney; 19. 36; 20. T. S. Elliot; 21. Charles Lindbergh; 22. Lassie Come Home; 23. Nicolas Touzaint; 24. 1929; 25. The Graduate; 26. Barcelona; 27. Derby County; 28. Blue, Yellow, Black, Green & Red; 29. Leicester tigers; 30. Gary Lineker Like us on Facebook	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,817	What college football bowl is known as The Grandaddy of them all, having been continuously played since 1916?	Rose, Orange, Sugar or Fiesta: Which College Football Bowl Game Is Most Coveted? \| Bleacher Report Rose, Orange, Sugar or Fiesta: Which College Football Bowl Game Is Most Coveted? By Josh Martin , NBA Lead Writer Jul 28, 2011 Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow Mark Wilson/Getty Images 22 Comments When it comes to the college football postseason, there is a clear divide between the BCS bowls and the rest in terms of both compensation and prestige. The Rose Bowl, Orange Bowl, Sugar Bowl and Fiesta Bowl each pay out hefty, eight-digit checks to their participants each year while hosting only the very best teams in the sport. Nowadays, there is also a measure of separation between the BCS National Championship Game and the other four BCS bowls. Where once, each of the original four doubled as the national title game on a rotating basis, now the champion of college football is decided in a fifth and final game, with each site taking its turn every fourth year. But what of those original four? How do they stack up against one another, and which grades out as the best overall? Each one carries its own distinct history and tradition, its own atmosphere, its own illustrious line of national champions, its greatest games and its fair share outstanding performances. With that in mind, let's take an in-depth look at each of the four BCS bowls, and when all is said and done, we'll crown one as the most coveted of all. Read on to find out which one wins out! Rose Bowl: History and Tradition What better to game with which to begin than the "Grand Daddy of Them All." The Rose Bowl Game is not only the oldest BCS bowl game around but also is in fact the oldest bowl game of all. The game itself serves as the culmination of the Tournament of Roses Parade, known colloquially as "America's New Year's Celebration." The first unofficial Rose Bowl was played on New Year's Day of 1902 and was originally known as the "Tournament East-West football game." That game pitted East representative Michigan, coached by the legendary Fielding H. Yost, against West representative Stanford. Yost's team triumphed rather easily, 49-0, as Stanford ditched the game in the third quarter. The first official Rose Bowl Game was played in 1916, with Washington State defeating Brown 14-0 at Tournament Park in Pasadena. The game remained at that location until 1923, when the Rose Bowl finally opened to the football-hungry masses on New Year's Day. Since then, the Rose Bowl Game has been staged on the very same field every year except for 1942, when the game was moved to Wallace Wade Stadium in Durham, North Carolina amidst fears during World War II that the Japanese might strike somewhere on the West Coast. The game's famed partnership between the now 12-team Big Ten and the Pac-12 began in 1946, back when the conferences were known as the Big Nine and the PCC, respectively. That relationship remains today, with the alignment shifting only when the champion from either conference is instead chosen to participate in the BCS National Championship Game. Next » Rose Bowl: Location and Stadium As mentioned previously, the Rose Bowl Game has been played at the historic Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California every year since 1923, except for 1942. The Rose Bowl Game has been the most heavily attended bowl game since 1945, and the Rose Bowl itself is still the largest stadium of any that currently plays host to a postseason game. Aside from the "Grand Daddy of Them All," the Rose Bowl is home to the UCLA Bruins football team and has played host to a slew of high profile events, including two Olympic Summer Games (1932 and 1984), five Super Bowls, the 1994 FIFA World Cup and the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. The stadium itself is located in the Arroyo Seco, less than an hour from downtown Los Angeles. As such, the Rose Bowl Game is often frequented by celebrities and football luminaries, as southern California has long been and remains one of the most prolific hot beds of athletic talent in the country. With the venue being in such close proximity to the "entertainm	What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was th - Pastebin.com In what country can one find 40 species of lemurs? A: Madagascar. RAW Paste Data What famous sauce is manufactured by McIlhenny & Co? Tabasco What year was the first motor race held that was classed as Formula 1? 1950 In the wild west, how was Henry McCarty better known? Billy The Kid How many stories did each of the World Trade Towers have? 110 What is the name of the cafe in Coronation Street? Roy's Rolls According to the BBC how many rooms are there in Buckingham Palace? 775 What is the busiest single-runway airport in the world? London Gatwick By number of films made, which country has the largest film industry? India Who lit the Olympic flame at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics? Muhammad Ali On what day of the year is St George's day held? 23rd of April The scientific unit lumen is used in the measurement of what? Light Which Apollo moon mission was the first to carry a lunar rover vehicle? Apollo 15 Who wrote the Twilight series of novels? Stephenie Meyer What is the capital of India? New Delhi Who wrote the poem 'The Owl and the Pussycat'? Edward Lear Which country had a secret police force known as the Tonton Macoute? Haiti In which city is the European Parliament based? Strasbourg Gala, Jonagold and Pink Lady are varieties of which fruit? Apple Which organ of the body is affected by Bright's Disease? Kidney What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin? 373 K What was the 1st human invention that broke the sound barrier? The whip What name was given to the Samurai code of honour? Bushido What colour is the bullseye on a standard dartboard? Red What song does the main character wake up to every morning in Groundhog Day? I Got You Babe What is the only Central American country in which baseball, not soccer, is the people's favourite sport? Nicaragua What is the largest fresh water lake in North America? Lake Superior Which South American country was named after the Italian city of Venice? Venezuela How many rounds are there in an olympic boxing match? 4 The highest temperature ever recorded outside in the shade was recorded in Azizah, in Africa. In which country is this city located? Libya Which Hasbro `action figure` got its name from a Robert Mitchum film? G.I. Joe In which country is the highest mountain in South America? Argentina How many emirates make up the United Arab Emirates? 7 If you were putting numbers on new changing room lockers to be numbered from 1 to 100, how many times would you use the number 9? 20 Which famous group performed the first ever song on Top Of The Pops in 1964? The Rolling Stones Who wrote the novel Revolutionary Road, which was made into a successful feature film? Richard Yates Which supermodel is seen pole dancing in the White Stripes video for the song `I Just Don`t Know What To Do With Myself`? Kate Moss Which band has released albums titled `Word Gets Around`, `Just Enough Education To Perform` and `Pull The Pin`? Stereophonics In the Adrian Mole Diaries, what is the surname of his girlfriend? Braiwaithe Charlotte Edwards led England`s women to World Cup glory in which sport in March 2009? Cricket What is sake made from? Rice Affenpinscher, Keeshond and Leonberger are all types of what? Dog Who won the 2009 Rugby World Sevens Cup? Wales Who is the only player to win a Champion`s League medal, the Premiership and the FA Cup, and to be relegated from the Premiership without going on to play in the Championship? Kanu With which club did David Beckham make his football league debut? Preston North End Who is the host of the TV show Q.I.? Stephen Fry Anyone Can Fall In Love was a chart hit set to the theme tune of which TV show? EastEnders Who is the only character to appear in the first ever Coronation Street who is still in the show at 2009? Ken Barlow The film `Black Hawk Down` was loosely based on a true incident that took place in 1993 in which country? Somalia What word does the bird constantly repeat in Edgar Allan Poe`s classic poem `The Raven`? Nevermore In the board game `Risk`, what c	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,818	The 1920s-originating US expression, hootenanny, is traditionally a gathering of people for?	mudcat.org: Hootenanny! Hootenanny! From: GUEST,Big Red Guest Date: 28 Jun 05 - 10:09 PM Remember the 50's & 60's when the hootenanny was a staple on the college campus? It's still alive and well at the University of Tennessee. Check out http://www.cumberlandtrio.com They are now offering a CD & DVD of their second re-union concert. The Cumberland Trio is joined by Taylor Pie (of Pozo-Seco fame and still a great folk star), Lou Wamp and others in a free-wheeling tribute to the "good old days." Together they show how to have a great time with folk music. Their web-site has samples and photos. Try it. It's a HOOT! Date: 28 Jun 05 - 10:32 PM "Hoots" happen in peoples living rooms! Bob From: Joe Offer Date: 28 Jun 05 - 11:24 PM Well, hootenannies did get kid of commercial on college campuses in the late 1960's. "Booking folk acts" sounds like heresy to many of us, but there was a time when people could actually make money making "folk" music. Then they realized it wasn't really folk music, so they called it "singer-songwriter." -Joe Offer- Date: 29 Jun 05 - 02:08 AM I had my first NannyHoot in a remote log cabin referred to as "Alice's Restaurant." Unfortunately, at the time, I was still welded to reading and used a music-stand and notation. Fortunately, for me, they tolerated the accordian and my attempts to harmonize. What a wonderful experience. No alcohol present - coffee and cocoa until 4:00 a.m. Sincerely, Date: 29 Jun 05 - 03:30 AM I thought this was gonna be about The Replacements :-( Date: 29 Jun 05 - 06:49 AM I'm so damned old that I think I'm seeing the 7th or 8th "revival" now! SSSHHHHEEEEEUUUUUHHHHH! Bob From: Suffet Date: 29 Jun 05 - 07:13 AM If the idea of a hootenanny was that a diverse group of folk musicians would get together for a joint performance, each doing his/her/their own music, but learning from one another, and perhaps backing each other up vocally or instrumentally, then hootenannies still do exist, but not necessarily by that name. Today hootenannies take the form of workshops, folk music weekends, a song circles, folk jams, or round robin concerts. Many of the events at participatory festivals such as NEFFA can be considered hootenannies, especially when several performers who may never have known each other are scheduled to do an event together. --- Steve From: Allan C. Date: 29 Jun 05 - 08:24 AM Date: 29 Jun 05 - 08:34 AM Judy henske was involved in a movie of this i think? Date: 29 Jun 05 - 08:47 AM So THAT'S what was going on while I was pounding gravel at Ft. Leonard Wood! Geez, those cast listings bring back memories.... From: WFDU - Ron Olesko Date: 29 Jun 05 - 11:38 AM Hootenanny was a nonsense word that Pete Seeger and Woody Guthrie first heard in Seattle. They brought it back east and tacked it onto the social gatherings that brought people together to sing. Hootenannys took place in various settings. The DVD & CD that is mentioned in the first posting contains a clip from the old ABC-TV series "Hootenanny". The show traveled to various college campuses and mixed local talent with nationally known names. The Cumberland Trio were from Tennessee and they were a hit. After this appearance, they went into an RCA studio with Chet Atkins and made some memorable recordings. Unfortunately, they decided to sign with another record label instead of RCA and things did not work out so well. The record company went bellup, and the Trio eventually disbanded. A few years ago the Trio reunited for a concert at the University of Tennesse. The group sent me a copy of their reunion concert, plus a CD of their original RCA recordings. I was very impressed. IF they had a bit more luck, I do believe we would have remembered the Cumberland Trio as we do other successful collegiate groups of the time - The Kingston Trio, The Highwaymen, Chad Mitchell, etc. There had some beautiful original tunes that I feel stand up to any song from that era. As for their reunion concert, you can see the genuine love for the music shine through. Unlike that cheesy PBS special where many of these g	Tue, 01 Mar 2016 00:09:57 +0500 March 01, 1932: Lindbergh baby kidnapped 4019650@Uncensored Mon, 29 Feb 2016 00:08:45 +0500 February 29, 1940: McDaniel wins Oscar 4018839@Uncensored Sun, 28 Feb 2016 00:05:52 +0500 February 28, 1953: Watson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNA 4018553@Uncensored Sat, 27 Feb 2016 00:05:34 +0500 February 27, 1827: New Orleanians take to the streets for Mardi Gras 4018102@Uncensored Fri, 26 Feb 2016 00:12:40 +0500 February 26, 1919: Two national parks preserved, 10 years apart 4017775@Uncensored Thu, 25 Feb 2016 00:06:10 +0500 February 25, 1964: Clay knocks out Liston 4017274@Uncensored Wed, 24 Feb 2016 00:02:05 +0500 February 24, 1836: Alamo defenders call for help 4016819@Uncensored Tue, 23 Feb 2016 00:05:19 +0500 February 23, 1945: U.S. flag raised on Iwo Jima 4016250@Uncensored Mon, 22 Feb 2016 00:16:02 +0500 February 22, 1980: U.S. hockey team makes miracle on ice 4015832@Uncensored Sun, 21 Feb 2016 00:15:44 +0500 February 21, 1965: Malcolm X assassinated 4015475@Uncensored Sat, 20 Feb 2016 00:05:48 +0500 February 20, 1985: Ireland allows sale of contraceptives 4015213@Uncensored Fri, 19 Feb 2016 00:15:25 +0500 February 19, 1847: Donner Party rescued 4014750@Uncensored Thu, 18 Feb 2016 00:03:40 +0500 February 18, 1885: Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 4014334@Uncensored Wed, 17 Feb 2016 00:02:10 +0500 February 17, 1904: Madame Butterfly premieres 4013869@Uncensored Tue, 16 Feb 2016 00:05:52 +0500 February 16, 1923: Archaeologist opens tomb of King Tut 4013410@Uncensored Mon, 15 Feb 2016 00:13:48 +0500 February 15, 1898: The Maine explodes 4013093@Uncensored Sun, 14 Feb 2016 00:04:17 +0500 February 14, 278: St. Valentine beheaded 4012707@Uncensored Sat, 13 Feb 2016 00:03:09 +0500 February 13, 1633: Galileo in Rome for Inquisition 4012448@Uncensored Fri, 12 Feb 2016 00:11:16 +0500 February 12, 2002: Milosevic goes on trial for war crimes 4012062@Uncensored Thu, 11 Feb 2016 00:02:24 +0500 February 11, 1990: Nelson Mandela released from prison 4011405@Uncensored Wed, 10 Feb 2016 00:04:04 +0500 February 10, 1996: Kasparov loses chess game to computer 4010957@Uncensored Tue, 09 Feb 2016 00:09:20 +0500 February 09, 1971: Satchel Paige nominated to Baseball Hall of Fame 4010651@Uncensored Mon, 08 Feb 2016 00:12:16 +0500 February 08, 1943: Americans secure Guadalcanal 4009805@Uncensored Sun, 07 Feb 2016 00:02:34 +0500 February 07, 1964: Beatles arrive in New York 4009410@Uncensored Sat, 06 Feb 2016 00:04:17 +0500 February 06, 1952: Elizabeth becomes queen 4009140@Uncensored Fri, 05 Feb 2016 00:08:41 +0500 February 05, 1994: Beckwith convicted of killing Medgar Evers 4008499@Uncensored Thu, 04 Feb 2016 00:05:58 +0500 February 04, 1974: Patty Hearst kidnapped 4008157@Uncensored Wed, 03 Feb 2016 00:11:58 +0500 February 03, 2005: Gonzales becomes first Hispanic U.S. attorney general 4007463@Uncensored Tue, 02 Feb 2016 00:12:30 +0500 February 02, 1887: First Groundhog Day 4006820@Uncensored Mon, 01 Feb 2016 00:11:26 +0500 February 01, 1884: Oxford Dictionary debuts 4005990@Uncensored Sun, 31 Jan 2016 00:14:34 +0500 January 31, 1950: Truman announces development of H-bomb 4005570@Uncensored Sat, 30 Jan 2016 00:12:31 +0500 January 30, 1948: Gandhi assassinated 4005038@Uncensored Fri, 29 Jan 2016 00:06:33 +0500 January 29, 1936: U.S. Baseball Hall of Fame elects first members 4004762@Uncensored Thu, 28 Jan 2016 00:07:38 +0500 January 28, 1986: Challenger explodes 4003719@Uncensored Wed, 27 Jan 2016 00:06:05 +0500 January 27, 1888: National Geographic Society founded 4002047@Uncensored Tue, 26 Jan 2016 00:12:13 +0500 January 26, 1788: Australia Day 4001209@Uncensored Mon, 25 Jan 2016 00:09:53 +0500 =?UTF-8?Q?January_25,_1905:_World=E2=80=99s_largest_diamond_found?= Sun, 24 Jan 2016 00:16:30 +0500 January 24, 1935: First canned beer goes on sale 4000605@Uncensored Sat, 23 Jan 2016 00:10:09 +0500 January 23, 1957: Toy company Wham-O produces first Frisbees 4000417@Uncensored Fri, 22 Jan 2016 00:06:31 +0500 January 22, 1998: Ted Kaczynski pleads guilty to bombings 3999862@Uncensore	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,819	What do Americans call what we call a ‘hen party’?	In England, Bachelorette Parties of a Different Stripe - The New York Times The New York Times Weddings \|For British Brides-to-Be, Hen Dos (and Don’ts) Search Continue reading the main story MY friends still talk about a bachelorette party in Lake George, N.Y., that featured an exotic dancer dressed as a police officer who bore an uncanny resemblance to Patrick Swayze — with an extra 100 or so pounds. It was, they agreed, sort of the standard for American bachelorette parties: a cringe-inducing mix of flash and trash with just enough of the latter to ensure that no pictures would ever be posted on Facebook. But in England, where I once lived, the bachelorette party known as the hen do (the “hen” being the bride, and “do,” a Britishism for a shindig) is an entirely different creature, something I fervently wish American brides would import. In some English circles, the hen do is a weekend-long ritual of love and admiration for the bride given by her friends, who with conspiratorial help from with her fiancé, use traditional games with a dash of British quirk to create an experience that can be as emotional as the wedding itself. Continue reading the main story And you don’t have to burn the photos. At least, not usually. In September, just before 7 a.m. on a Friday, 16 London women plus one jet-lagged Yank (me), hauled a bewildered bride-to-be across St. Pancras International train station in London to the Eurostar rail terminal to catch a cross-channel train that took us to a frayed chateau we had rented in Normandy. Advertisement Continue reading the main story Not that the bride, Catherine Lynch, knew any of this. That morning, Ms. Lynch, 32, an always-poised television executive, had been spirited, yawning and with no makeup, from her apartment in the wee hours. As is the traditional in a hen do, she had been told nothing of where the party was to be held. In her hand was a suitcase that had been packed with her weekend’s wardrobe in secret by her younger sister, Tina. I was to discover that every detail of a hen do is like that perfectly packed suitcase: a statement of deep sororal love for the bride. A hen do like that one is something like a bat mitzvah for young women, a coming-of-age party spent surrounded by the women who were instrumental in getting them to this seminal point in their lives. Camilla Morton, a British fashion journalist and author of “How to Walk in High Heels: a Girl’s Guide to Everything” (and for whom I once was an intern), said that the hen do evolved from the customary conclave of a bride and her maids, who would gather a short time before the wedding to go over the final details. From that, “came about the image of the clucking hen party, when girls come together and cluck about the upcoming nuptials, dress, handsome groom and so on,” she said. The centerpiece of nearly every hen do is a game called “Mister and Missus.” The bride’s friends interview her fiancé, asking him about her dislikes and likes and how he feels about her, and then compare his answers to hers. My friends raised the ante with a video version. The questions can be as mundane as “What’s her favorite book?” and “What is the thing you regret most?” (as well as some embarrassing ones thrown in for good measure). After each question is asked, the video is paused while the bride must predict his answer. Inside the weathered chateau, we all got teary as the image of Ms. Lynch’s fiancé, projected on a wall, answered the question, “At what moment did you realize you were in love with her?” At another hen do I attended, my friend Holly Murray composed a quiz in which every answer incorporated all or part of the bride’s name, Orla Thomas. For example: Name an important counselor to Henry VIII who was later imprisoned and beheaded, in 1535, over his refusal to sign the Act of Supremacy of 1534? (It’s Sir Thomas More, but try coming up with that after a few glasses of prosecco.) Photo Credit Tom BLoom At my first American bachelorette party a few years ago, we went to Lucky Cheng’s, a drag cabaret in the East Village. At each tabl	'Daisy Is An Animal': Jennifer Jason Leigh On Her Comeback In 'The Hateful Eight' : NPR Jennifer Jason Leigh is back in the spotlight with an Oscar nomination for her role as a murderous woman in The Hateful Eight. NPR's Kelly McEvers talks with her about being cast by Quentin Tarantino. KELLY MCEVERS, HOST: All right, so let's play a game. Guess who this is. And if you've seen Quentin Tarantino's film "The Hateful Eight," don't spoil it for the others. (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "THE HATEFUL EIGHT") JENNIFER JASON LEIGH: (As Daisy Domergue) He's absolutely right. Me and one of them fellows is in cahoots. We're just waiting for everybody to go to sleep. That's when we're going to kill you. MCEVERS: It's Jennifer Jason Leigh, and it's been a while since we've seen her in a big movie. I mean, you might've even though she quit acting. LEIGH: Quit is, like, a very strong term. MCEVERS: (Laughter) Yes. LEIGH: I just thought, like, I had had my run. MCEVERS: She's has had a pretty good run. From her first big role in "Fast Times At Ridgemont High" in 1982. (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "FAST TIMES AT RIDGEMONT HIGH") LEIGH: (As Stacy Hamilton) Linda, that girl looks just like Pat Benatar. MCEVERS: As the roommate from hell in "Single White Female." (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "SINGLE WHITE FEMALE") LEIGH: (As Hedra Carlson) Don't make me come get you. MCEVERS: And as a sharp-tongued newspaper reporter in "The Hudsucker Proxy." (SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "THE HUDSUCKER PROXY") LEIGH: (As Amy Archer) I tell you, the guy's a phony. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR: (As character) Phony, huh? LEIGH: (As Amy Archer) As a $3 bill. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR: (As character) Says who? LEIGH: (As Amy Archer) Says me, Amy Archer. Why is he an idea man, because Hudsucker says he is? MCEVERS: Jennifer Jason Leigh was everywhere in the '80s and '90s. And then she wasn't. But now she's been nominated for an Oscar for playing Daisy Domergue in "The Hateful Eight." She came into our studio here in Culver City, and I asked her if this is her comeback. LEIGH: I feel like I was a little bit off the map, you know, if there is a map. Or if there is a planet, I was not on that planet... (LAUGHTER) LEIGH: ...For working actors. MCEVERS: I like the planet better, yeah. LEIGH: Yeah, it was actually, you know, my brother-in-law said to me, you know, all it takes is a phone call from Quentin Tarantino. MCEVERS: (Laughter). LEIGH: And, you know, a couple years later, I got that call from Quentin Tarantino and I'm sitting across from you today... MCEVERS: Wow. LEIGH: ...talking about it, and it is life-changing. MCEVERS: 'Cause, I mean, yeah, he famously did it for John Travolta with "Pulp Fiction," Robert Forster and Pam Grier in "Jackie Brown." I mean, that's sort of a thing he does. Did you guys talk about that at all, you and Quentin Tarantino? LEIGH: You know, we didn't talk about that. He did talk about the '90s. This movie has a lot of people from the '90s in it. He knows more about all of our careers more than we know. Like, he would talk about "Flesh And Blood," which is a movie I did, I think it was 23 at the time, as though it were yesterday. Unlike a lot of people, he doesn't draw a distinction because you're a different age now or years and years have passed. You're still that person who gave that performance no matter when you gave it. That's in you. And that's something that I certainly forgot about. MCEVERS: Tell me about the character that you play in "The Hateful Eight," Daisy Domergue. LEIGH: Well, the fun thing about it is she's feral. She's kind of like a little wild animal. MCEVERS: (Laughter). LEIGH: But she's also incredibly bright. And you see her get punched once, you know everything you need to know about her childhood. She just knows how to take a punch. It doesn't mean that much to her. MCEVERS: But, I mean, how did you feel about it at first? You know, she's the only woman in the film and she's getting her butt kicked. [POST-BROADCAST CORRECTION: We incorrectly say that Jennifer Jason Leigh's character is the only woman in this film.] LEIGH: I loved it because I find the movie s	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,820	What is the chemical symbol for Nickel?	Chemical Elements.com - Nickel (Ni) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Nickel. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ni.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.	Glossary of Copper Brass and Alloy Terms Glossary of Copper and Alloy Terms (c) Vin Callcut 2002-2016. Small extracts can be used with acknowledgements to 'Oldcopper.org' website. Helpful comments are very welcome. This includes many terms relevant throughout the website covering antique and collectible copper and brass. Other terms will be added as they arise. Most terms are current but others are obsolescent or obsolete terms that occur in some of the useful literature. Some of them have been used very loosely in the past and many of the older names for alloys have many variations in composition quoted in different sources. Trade names and most industrial terms are generally not included except where thought to be in common use. Brass is conventionally described as ‘% copper/ % zinc’ but also has many other industrial designations and specifications mentioned. Sources are mainly various metallurgical dictionaries, catalogues and other references . Some other sources do not agree on a few of these terms! (If ordering copper alloys in serious quantities for production, always ensure that a current standard is specified, not just a name. This will cover composition, form, condition and properties.) Abbreviations for element names Aluminium - Al, Copper - Cu, Iron - Fe, Gold - Au, Lead - Pb, Manganese - Mn, Nickel - Ni, Silver - Ag, Tin - Sn. Admiralty brass 70/30 brass with 1% tin added for extra corrosion resistance. Adnic 70% Copper, 29% nickel, 1% tin alloy for resistance to corrosion and heat. Ageing Loose term covering some surface treatment techniques used to make objects look old. Also a metallurgical term to describe hardening an alloy by heating to a temperature where a precipitate forms from a super-saturated solid solution. Ale warmer Copper or brass vessel, tinned internally, shaped with a conical or bulbous foot suitable for use in a fire or grate to warm ale. Alphenide Nickel silver, generic term, also argentan Alpakka Nickel silver, 65% copper, 22% zinc, 13% nickel Alpha brass Brass containing up to 36% of zinc is usually the single alpha phase with good cold working properties. Alpha-beta brass Brass containing over 36% of zinc or with other additions usually has two phases present in the crystal structure, alpha and beta. They are used for castings, extrusions and for hot stampings. Aluminium brass High copper brass with aluminium added for improved corrosion resistance. This is often used for condenser tubes. Aluminium bronze Copper-aluminium alloys with up to 13% of aluminium, usually also with other additions such as iron, manganese, nickel and/or silicon. These alloys are strong, hard and have excellent resistance to marine corrosion. They are therefore commonly used for making propellers, bearings, gears, valves, and pipefittings for seawater use. Ankh Ancient Egyptian symbol for life adopted by Greek philosophers as the sign for copper. Also called Key of Life and Crux Ansata. Annealing Heating a metal in order to soften it after hardening by cold work or heat treatment. After annealing, quenching is not necessary but may be of advantage in helping to remove scale. Anode copper Cast slabs of copper from the fire refining processes used as starters for electrolytic refining. Antlerite Copper sulphide ore. Argentan Early name for nickel silver, also alfenide. Argyrolith Another early name for nickel silver, also alfenide. Arko Metal 80/20 brass Arsenical copper Copper with phosphorus and arsenic additions that give good strength and resistance to fire cracking. It is used primarily for the manufacture of boiler fireboxes. Arsenical brass Brass with improved corrosion resistance containing arsenic, and frequently aluminium. Azurite Copper carbonate ore. Bell metal Copper tin alloy with much higher tin content than conventional bronze in order to make it hard and sonorous.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,821	A pastel version of what artwork sold at a New York auction for a record $120m?	\| Human Rights Edvard Munch's masterpiece The Scream sold for nearly $120m, setting a new record as the most expensive piece of art ever sold at auction. The vibrant pastel was conservatively estimated to sell for about $80m at Sotheby's Impressionist and Modern art auction in New York. But two determined bidders competing via telephone on Wednesday emerged from an initial group of seven, driving the final price to $119,922,500 over the course of a nearly 15-minute bidding war. The version of The Scream on the block was one of four paintings executed by the Scandinavian between 1893 and 1910. Al Jazeera’s Scott Heidler reports from New York. Source: Al Jazeera	1511st (2) by Mike Hall (page 23) - issuu issuu IN THE KNOW INTERACTIVE Trivia Quiz If you think you’ve got what it takes to beat our monthly brain buster, take our quiz and prove your intellectual talents! 1 What code name was given to Nazi Germany's plan to invade Britain during the Second World War? 11 12 Which country only switched to the modern Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1927? Olibanum is the Medieval Latin alternative English word for which Biblical aromatic resin? The splanchnocranium refers to the bones of which defining part of the human body? 13 Which city, mythically founded by a twin saved by a shewolf, was built on the seven hills, east of the River Tiber called Aventine, Caelian, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine, Quirinal and Viminal? 3 Used to measure the height of horses, how many inches are there in one hand? 14 On which Mediterranean island is the famous nightlife holiday resort of Magaluf? 4 5 Apiphobia is the fear of what creatures? What are metal rope-fixings on a boat and cyclist's shoes? Occurring twice yearly, what name is given to a day consisting of twelve hours of daylight and twelve hours of darkness? 6 Which country is the natural habitat of the emu? 16 How many times does the second-hand of a clockwork clock 'tick' (move) while the hour hand completes one full rotation? 7 8 17 What's the common technical term for the removal of a president from office, due to wrongdoing? How many hurdles are there in a 400 metres hurdles race? 18 Which famous corporate logo changed to a flat colour/colour sans serif font in its first major change since 1999? K'ung Futse (Venerated Master Kong) is better known as which major philosopher and religious founder? 9 19 Japan's NTT DoCoMo mobile phone company developed which texting icon 'pictograph' series, Japanese for 'picture' and 'character'? 20 The flags of China, Japan, Argentina, Uruguay, Greenland and Bangladesh share what common feature? 1. Operation Sea Lion. 2. Turkey. 3. Four. 4. Bees. 5. Equinox. 6. Australia. 7. Ten. 8. Google. 9. Emoji. 10. Geronimo. 11. Frankincense. 12. Face. 13. Rome. 14. Majorca. 15. Cleats. 16. 43,200 (12 hours x 60 minutes x 60 second 'ticks'). 17. Impeachment. 18. Confucius. 19. Mexico City. 20. Sun. Answers: 10 What Native American Apache Indian chief 's name became an exclamation of exhilaration? What's the largest capital city without a river, and also the oldest capital of its continent? November15 TalkMagazine	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,822	What island, 1 mile from Manhattan, which has been used by the army as an isolation centre for infectious diseases (such as typhoid and TB) and as a drug rehabiltation centre, is now deserted?	Crawford - Deadly Companions - How Microbes Shaped Our History (Oxford, 2007) by Alfredo Gonzalez G - issuu D e a d ly C o m pa n io n s This page intentionally left blank D e a d ly C o m pa n io n s How Microbes Shaped Our History D O R O T H Y H . C R AW F O R D 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universityâ€™s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland CapeTown Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Ă&#x; Dorothy H. Crawford 2007 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc 978-0-19-280719-9 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Contents List of Figures and Tables Preface Acknowledgements Introduction vii ix xiii 1 1. How It All Began 9 figures 0.1 Relative sizes of organisms and their component parts xi 0.2 SARS in Hong Kong 4 1.1 Incidence of West Nile fever in the USA, 1999–2004 20 1.2 R 0: the basic reproductive number of an epidemic 22 2.1 Malaria parasite life cycle 39 3.1 Notification of measles cases in UK from 1963 to 1976 62 3.2 Drawings from the Ebers papyrus possibly depicting haematuria caused by schistosomiasis 70 3.3 An illustration of a penile sheath worn in Ancient Egypt, circa XIX Dynasty. 1350–1200bc 71 3.4 Schistosomiasis: transmission cycle of Schistosomiasis mansoni 73 4.1 Map showing the advance of the Black Death 87 4.2 Map of present day plague foci worldwide 93 5.1 Title page from Bartholomew Steber’s Syphilis, 1497 or 1498 126 5.2 Cholera: a map showing its pandemic spread, 1959–94 132 list of figures and tables 5.3 Cholera: the natural and epidemic cycles of Vibrio cholera 136 6.1 A section of a leaf showing the potato blight fungus growing and producing spores (Berkley 1846) 150 8.1 Population growth, 8000 bcâ€“ad 1974 185 8.2 MRSA in England and Wales, 1989â€“2004 196 8.3 Worldwide distribution of TB 200 8.4 Geographical distribution of malaria worldwide 203 8.5 The emergence of pandemic Xu virus strains after reassortment in a pig 206 tables 1.1 R 0 values for human and animal microbes 23 3.1 Examples of species domesticated in different areas of the world 57 8.1 A sample of human pathogens which have emerged since 1977 viii 187 Preface Microbes first appeared on planet Earth around 4 billion years ago and have coexisted with us ever since we evolved from our ape-like ancestors. By colonizing our bodies these tiny creatures profoundly influenced our evolution, and by causing epidemics that killed significant numbers of our predecessors they helped to shape our history. Through most of this coexistence our ancestors had no idea what caused these â€˜visita	About Long Island New York \| LongIsland.com The Montauk Lighthouse is an iconic image of Long Island. About Long Island, New York Long Island New York is the largest island adjoining the contiguous United States, extending approximately 118 miles east-northeast from the mouth of the Hudson River. It is separated from the mainland on the north by the Long Island Sound and bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and east. Twenty miles at its widest point, Long Island is composed of low plateaus on the north , longitudinal ridges of glacial moraine through the central parts of the island, and gently sloping plains to the south. The East End of the island is made up of two forks. The North Fork is approximately 28 miles long, the southern - terminating at Montauk Point - is about 44 miles in length. Peconic and Gardiners Bays separate the two forks and are where Shelter Island and Gardiners Island are located. Totaling 1,377 square miles of land area, Long Island New York is divided into four counties: Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk. Suffolk is the easternmost and by far the largest of the four, covering an expanse of 911 square miles. Following Suffolk is Nassau with 287 square miles, Queens County with 109, and Kings with 70 square miles, the westernmost County. Kings and Queens Counties (Brooklyn and Queens) border each other and fall within the jurisdiction of New York City. Many people in the New York metropolitan area (even those on the island in Queens and Brooklyn) use the term "Long Island" or "the island" to refer to Nassau and Suffolk counties only. The history of Long Island predates the Revolutionary War. A Brief History of Long Island Long Island has a rich cultural history. Native American tribes, including the Lenape (called the Delawares by Europeans) have inhabited the island for thousands of years, and while their populations have mostly been replaced with the descendants of immigrants from across the world, two reservations uphold this legacy on Long Island. The Shinnecock and Poospatuck reservations, now federally protected, are the homes of these tribes, and each year visitors are welcome to the Shinnecock reservation to learn about and participate in the seasonal festivals. Early colonial figures included Wyandanch, Captain Kidd, Lionel Gardner, and John Underhill. The West of Long Island was settled by the Dutch, and the East settled by Puritans from Massachusetts. Long Island was the scene of several witch hunts, including one involving Lionel Gardner in Easthampton. The English and Dutch were the first European settlers on Long Island, but came under English rule in 1664 when the entirety of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam was brought under English rule. From that time Native American populations began to decline as the population of European settlers grew. The largest battle of the Revolutionary War, the Battle of Long Island, was a major loss for General George Washington. Since it remained under British control throughout the war, Long Island became one of General Washington’s most strategic areas for espionage. Long Island’s beautiful north shore attracted both wealthy Americans and Europeans during the Gilded Age whose large and lavish estates earned this region the title of “The Gold Coast .” Today these estates have been reborn as gold courses, parks, subdivisions and museums, and while the former wealth that once inhabited the area is gone, the tradition of fine homes and wealthy landowners is still alive along the north shore. Long Island remained largely rural and agricultural throughout the 19th century. Nassau County experienced the largest growth in the United States between 1950 and 1970, setting off a chain reaction of suburbanization and economic development across Long Island. Today Nassau and Suffolk Counties are ranked among the most expensive areas to live in the United States, and are home to some of the nations best public and private schools and most effective community offices. "Nassau" is one of several names by wh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,823	Which novel, published in 1880,was co-titled 'A Tale of the Christ' ?	Lew Wallace's novel, Ben-Hur: View the step-by-step solution to: Lew Wallace's novel, Ben-Hur: Lew Wallace's novel, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, published in 1880, was a best-selling novel that inspired a successful pantomime in the 1890s, a spectacular Broadway production that ran from 1899-1920, and film versions in 1907, 1925, 1959, 2003, and 2010. You have read most of the novel in your Workbook, and you have seen most of the 1959 version of the film in class. Write a paper (3-5 pages, double spaced) analyzing the differences between the novel and the film. Student posted a question · Apr 26, 2012 at 11:20pm	Ages Ago - "Times" Review 1881 Thespis; or, The Gods Grown Old: Gaiety Theatre, 26 December 1871, 63 performances. Trial By Jury: Royalty Theatre, 25 March 1875, 131 performances. The Sorcerer: Opera Comique, 17 November 1877, 175 performances. H.M.S. Pinafore; or, The Lass that Loved a Sailor: Opera Comique, 25 May 1878, 571 performances. The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty: Royal Bijou Theatre, Paignton, 31 December 1879; Fifth Avenue Theatre, New York, 31 December 1879; Opera Comique, 3 April 1880, 363 performances. Patience; or Bunthorne's Bride: Opera Comique, 23 April 1881, Transferred to Savoy Theatre 10 October 1881, 578 performances. Iolanthe; or, The Peer and the Peri: Savoy Theatre, 25 November 1882, 398 performances. Princess Ida; or, Castle Adamant: Savoy Theatre, 5 January 1884, 246 performances. The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu: Savoy Theatre, 14 March 1885, 672 performances. Ruddigore; or, The Witch's Curse: Savoy Theatre, 22 January 1887, 288 performances. The Yeomen of the Guard; or, The Merryman and His Maid: Savoy Theatre, 3 October 1888, 423 performances. The Gondoliers; or, The King of Barataria: Savoy Theatre, 7 December 1889, 554 performances. Utopia, Limited; or, The Flowers of Progress: Savoy Theatre, 7 October 1893, 245 performances. The Grand Duke; or, The Statutory Duel: SavoyTheatre, 7 March 1896, 123 performances.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,824	What type of land does Bogota, Columbia, have most of?	Colombia: Land Colombia Land Colombia has both torrid jungles and majestic, snowcapped mountains. By far the most prominent physical features are the three great Andean chains that fan north from Ecuador. The Andean interior is the heart of the country, where in pre-Columbian days the highly advanced Chibcha lived. It has the largest concentration of population and is the area of large-scale cultivation of coffee, Colombia's major crop. Of the three principal Andean ranges, the Western Cordillera is of the least economic importance. One of Colombia's major cities, Cali , lies just east of the range, in the upper Cauca valley. The Central Cordillera has a towering chain of volcanoes (e.g., Tolima) and is the divide between the valleys of the Magdalena and the Cauca rivers. It was until the 19th cent. an undeveloped region, but with improved transportation, the introduction of coffee culture, and the exploitation of high-grade coal reserves, its cities of Medellín and Manizales have become the economic and industrial core of the republic. A third major city in the Central Cordillera is Armenia . The Eastern Cordillera is the longest chain. Its western slopes yield coffee, and in its intermontane basins grains and cattle are raised. The area is rich in iron, coal, and emeralds. Among the leading cities of the highland basins are Tunja , Bucaramanga , and Cúcuta , in addition to Bogotá. In the eastern foothills of the Andes some hundred miles east of the capital lies a vast supply of light crude oil. Discovered in 1992, the oil fields constitute the largest find in the Americas since Alaska's Prudhoe Bay field (1969) and have revitalized Colombia's petroleum industry. To the east of the Andes lies more than half of Colombia's territory, a vast largely undeveloped lowland. The plains are crossed by navigable rivers, tributaries of the Orinoco and Amazon systems. The northern section consists of savannas (the llanos ), which are devoted to a large extent to cattle and sheep grazing. Villavicencio , at the region's western end, is its major urban center. The dense jungles of the extreme southeast are of negligible economic importance. Leticia is the country's southernmost town, and its only port on the Amazon River. A fourth mountain chain, the Cordillera del Chocó, runs parallel to the Pacific N of Buenaventura . The range's slopes yield dyewoods and hardwoods, rubber, tagua nuts (vegetable ivory) and other forest products, and gold and platinum. On the Pacific are the ports of Buenaventura and Tumaco , terminus of a pipeline from the oil-rich area of Putumayo across the mountains. Colombia's chief ocean ports, however, lie on the Caribbean coast to the north: Santa Marta , Cartagena , and Barranquilla . At Mamonal, adjacent to Cartagena, is the terminus of the pipeline from the Barrancabermeja oil fields. In the north, separating the La Guajira peninsula from the rest of the country, is the magnificent Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, which contains Colombia's highest peak, Pico Cristóbal (18,947 ft/5,775 m). The difficult terrain in Colombia limits the availability of road and rail transportation and makes air and water travel especially important. Sections in this article:	Narrow Neck of Land: Panama and Costa Rica, February 1923 \| Religious Studies Center Religious Studies Center Narrow Neck of Land: Panama and Costa Rica, February 1923 Narrow Neck of Land: Panama and Costa Rica, February 1923 Justin R. Bray and Reid L. Neilson, eds., Exploring Book of Mormon Lands: The 1923 Latin American Travel Writings of Mormon Historian Andrew Jenson (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2014), 97–128. Chapter 3 Narrow Neck of Land: Panama and Costa Rica, February 1923 “Jenson’s Travels,” February 18, 1923 [1] Republic of Panama Thursday, February 15. About noon, the good steamer Colombia sailed from Corinto, Nicaragua, and after passing the lighthouse on an island, which protects the Bay of Corinto, a southeasterly course was again taken; and all afternoon we sailed in sight of the mountainous shore of Nicaragua. Friday, February 16. As we arose this morning, the mountainous coast of Costa Rica was in plain sight, and at noon we were in latitude 9°10′ N and longitude 95°10′ W; we had sailed 232 miles since we left Corinto. The day was quite warm, but a pleasant breeze, which was blowing most of the day, minimized the heat. I regret that the steamer did not call at any of the Costa Rica ports, as I would like to have become better acquainted with that interesting little republic. Costa Rica is bounded on the north by Nicaragua, on the northeast by the Caribbean Sea, on the south and southeast by Panama, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The area of Costa Rica is estimated at eighteen thousand square miles, and the population less than half a million. The coastline on the Atlantic, or Caribbean, side is about 181 miles and on the Pacific side about 360 miles in length. The country is traversed by a chain of mountains (the Cordilleras) running from northwest to southeast. There are numerous fertile valleys and several high peaks, including the volcanoes of Poás (8,885 feet), Irazú (11,500 feet), and Turrialba (11,350 feet). In the main, the climate is very healthful. On the coast and up to the foothills to a height of three thousand feet, the heat is torrid. In the mountain regions from three thousand to six thousand feet, the mean temperature ranges from fifty-five to sixty-eight degrees Fahrenheit. The extreme heights, 7,500 feet and above, are cool, and frosts are frequent. The wealth of Costa Rica is chiefly dependent upon agriculture. Bananas, coffee, and sugar are the three most important products of the country. Cacao, rubber, corn, beans, and a few other products are also grown. There is also considerable business in rosewood, cedar, mahogany, hides, and skins. Most of the inhabitants in Costa Rica are of European descent, the pure Spanish type being marked. The Limón district has also quite a number of blacks. Spanish, English, and French are spoken by many of the educated classes. Costa Rica’s money system has a gold standard, the unit being the colón, with a value of about fifty cents in US money. The metric system is the official system for weights and measures and is in general use for commercial purposes. Known to Nephites There can be no doubt that the Republic of Costa Rica covers ground which was well known to the Nephites and Lamanites of old, it being so close to the narrow neck of land [2] (in fact a part of it) near which so many battles, according to the history recorded in the Book of Mormon, took place among the descendants of Father Lehi. [3] But it is indeed a difficult task to conduct the history of the Nephites with the present geography of the Americas. [4] Saturday, February 17. About 7:00 this morning the Colombia was sailing abreast of the island of Coiba, which belongs to the Republic of Panama, and at 10:00 a.m., we rounded the southernmost point of the Azuero Peninsula (belonging to Panama). After that, our course was changed from a northeasterly to an easterly, and later in the day to a northeasterly, direction, headed for the Pacific mouth of the Panama Canal. Like the day before, an invigorating breeze modified the atmosphere to	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,825	Who hosted the ‘$64,000 Question’ on British television?	The 64,000 Dollar Question - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia The 64,000 Dollar Question The $64,000 Question was a popular United States television game show from 1955-1958; The $64,000 Challenge (1956-1958) was its popular spinoff show. Contents The $64,000 Question--- CBS , June 1955-June 1958, Tuesday 10-10:30 p.m.; September-November 1958, Sunday, 10-10:30 p.m. The $64,000 Challenge---CBS, April 1956-September 1958, Sunday, 10-10:30 p.m. [ edit ] The Idea The $64,000 Question had its roots in the CBS radio quiz show, Take It or Leave It, which ran from April 20, 1940, to July 27, 1947, hosted first by Bob Hawk and then by Phil Baker. In 1947, the series switched to NBC , hosted by Baker, Garry Moore, Eddie Cantor and Jack Paar . On September 10, 1950, Take It or Leave It changed its title to The $64 Question. With Paar and Baker still on board as hosts, the series continued on NBC radio until June 1, 1952. On both Take It or Leave It and The $64 Question, contestants were asked questions devised by the series' writer-researcher Edith Oliver. She attempted to make each question slightly more difficult than the preceding one. After answering a question correctly, the contestant had the choice to "take" the prize for that question or "leave it" in favor of a chance at the next question. The first question was worth one dollar, and the value doubled for each successive question, up to the seventh and final question, worth 64 United States dollars . During the 1940s, "That's the $64 question" became a common catchphrase for a particularly difficult question or problem. In addition to the common phrase "take it or leave it," the show also popularized another phrase, widely spoken in the 1940s as a taunt but now mostly forgotten. Chanted in unison by the entire audience when someone chose to risk their winnings by going for the $64 prize, it was vocalized with a rising inflection: "You'll be sorrr-REEEE!" Strangely, the phrase "the $64,000 question" is common in Britain , where it means "the most important question," despite the fact that the original game show is virtually unknown in the UK. Later there was a British adaptation of the show, also known as The $64,000 Question, hosted by Bob Monkhouse , although the top prize was only £6,400. This was, however, quite a lot of money for a British game show at the time (early 1990s ). [ edit ] The Hard Sell The $64,000 Question, as American television audiences would know and love it, was created by Louis G. Cowan , formerly known for radio's Quiz Kids . Cowan had a difficult time finding sponsorship for The $64,000 Question. Cosmetics giant Helena Rubenstein (who eventually did become a familiar television advertiser) rejected the idea, reportedly because its wealthy founding namesake didn't even own a television set at the time and had no idea of television's advertising potential. The Chrysler Corporation turned down the chance to launch the show because the automaker reportedly feared sponsoring a big-money quiz show would outrage company workers whose wages they were trying not to inflate. A vacuum cleaner company also said no to Cowan, reportedly because the concept would be too glamorous for its product. It was an intriguing argument considering that print ads of the time featured vacuum cleaners operated by women who stopped just short of being glamour queens but never appeared in soiled housework clothes. Finally, Cowan convinced Revlon . The key: Revlon founder and chieftain Charles Revson knew top competitor Hazel Bishop had fattened its sales through sponsoring the popular This is Your Life , and he wanted a piece of that action if he could have it. According to Fire and Ice , a 1970s book chronicling Revson and his company, Revson first signed a deal to sponsor Cowan's brainchild for 13 weeks with the right to withdraw when they expired. The $64,000 Question premiered June 7, 1955 on CBS-TV, sponsored by cosmetics maker Revlon and originating from the start live from CBS-TV Studio 52 in New York (now the disco-theater Studio 54 ). To increase the show's drama and su	TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES TRIVIA - TV AND THE MOVIES What TV show lost Jim Carrey when he stepped into the movies? In Living Color. Who plays a paleontologist on Friends? David Schwimmer. What aging pop icon forgot the lyrics to We Can Work It Out on MTV Unplugged? Paul McCartney. What segment of the TV industry receives ACE Awards? Paul McCartney. What classic quiz show was originally titled Occupation Unknown? What's My Line? What 1966 TV show theme by Lalo Schifrin made a comeback in a 1996 blockbuster move? Mission: Impossible. Consumer News and Business Channel. How many fingers does Homer Simpson have? Eight. What sitcom character moved from a Boston barstool to a Seattle radio station? Dr. Frasier Crane. What Saturday Night Live cast member played Kap'n Karl on Pee-wee's Playhouse? Phil Hartman. What MAS*H principal won Emmys for acting, writing and directing? Alan Alda. What cable network drew twice its usual audience for a show called The Wonderful World of Dung? The Discovery Channel. What TV host went gold with the CD Romantic Christmas? John Tesh. What sitcom spawned the hit song I'll Be There For You? Friends. What MTV twosome are known as "The Bad Boys" in Mexico? Beavis and Butt head. What Indianapolis weatherman of the 1970s once forecast hail "the size of canned hams"? David Letterman. What kid's show's interracial cast needed riot police protection during a 1969 trip to Mississippi? Sesame Street's. What gritty 1990's TV drama series is subtitled Life on the Street? Homicide. What entertainer's wedding prompted NBC to order 10,000 tulips from Holland? Tiny Tim's. What sitcom helped John Larroquette earn three straight supporting actor Emmy Awards? Night Court. Who once observed: "This is America. You can't make a horse testify against himself"? Mr. Ed. What Marx Brother's name spelled backwards is the name of a daytime talk show host? Harpo's. Who began his radio shows with: "Good evening, Mr. ad Mrs. America and all the ships at sea, let's go to press"? Walter Winchell. What TV star said of his worldwide fame: "I didn't know I could top Knight Rider"? David Hasselhoff. What sitcom was among the top 20 most watched shows every season during its entire run, form 1984 to 1992? The Cosby Show. Who inherited Tom Snyder's CNBC talk-show slot in 1995? Charles Grodin. What was the fist sitcom to be broadcast from videotape, in 1971? All in the Family. What blond bombshell had a hankerin' for NYPD Blue detective Gegory Medavoy? Donna Abandando. What animated characters are known as Smolf in Stockholm? The Smurfs. What 1980s sitcom was credited with pulling NBC from third to first in overall ratings? The Cosby Show. What Muppet advised: "Never eat anything at one sitting that you can't lift"? Miss Piggy. What former TV anchorman made headlines by attending two Grateful Dead concerts? Walter Cronkite. What animated kitty was the first cartoon character licensed for use on merchandise? Felix the Cat. What's the "dimension of imagination, "according to the host of a classic TV series? The Twilight Zone. Who appeared in Return of the Killer Tomatoes before he landed a role on ER? George Clooney. What 250-pound star of Hairspray shed half her weight to host a TV talk show? Ricki Lake. What Mayberry resident once hijacked a bull when he'd had too much to drink? Otis Campbell. What four-word TV slogan did Sting add to the Dire Straits hit Money for Nothing? "I want my MTV". What Mary Tyler Moore Show character's blue blazer made it into the Smithsonian? Ted Baxter's. Who was a cheerleader for the San Francisco 49ers before she became TV's Lois Lane? Teri Hatcher. What was Redd Foxx's last name before show business beckoned? Sanford. Who's been Saturday Night Live's most frequent host? Steve Martin. What town did Howdy Doody live in? Doodyville. What sitcom star advised: "It's okay to be fat. So you're fat. Just be fat and shut up about it"? Roseanne. What Richard Chamberlain vehicle is second only to Roots in total viewers for a miniseries? The Thorn Birds. What media award was derived from the slang term for the 1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,826	What word, derived from Latin meaning to 'pay against the evil of something' refers to expressing disapproval?	5000 FREE SAT Test Prep Words - 5000 Vocabulary Words FREE abase v. To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade. ← Many vocabulary words, such as degrade, are repeated in definitions for double learning. abbess n. The lady superior of a nunnery. abbey n. The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns. Free SAT prep math notes below vocabulary ↓ abbot n. The superior of a community of monks. abdicate v. To give up (royal power or the like). abdomen n. In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor; the belly. abdominal n. Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen. abduction n. A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally. abed adv. In bed; on a bed. aberration n. Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course. abet v. To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense). abeyance n. A state of suspension or temporary inaction. abhorrence n. The act of detesting extremely. abhorrent adj. Very repugnant; hateful. abidance n. An abiding. abject adj. Sunk to a low condition. abjure v. To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath. able-bodied adj. Competent for physical service. ablution n. A washing or cleansing, especially of the body. abnegate v. To renounce (a right or privilege). abnormal adj. Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard. abominable adj. Very hateful. abominate v. To hate violently. abomination n. A very detestable act or practice. aboriginal adj. Primitive; unsophisticated. aborigines n. The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country. aboveboard adv. & adj. Without concealment, fraud, or trickery. abrade v. To wear away the surface or some part of by friction. abrasion n. That which is rubbed off. abridge v. To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles. abridgment n. A condensed form as of a book or play. abrogate v. To abolish, repeal. abrupt adj. Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break. abscess n. A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body. abscission n. The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation. abscond v. To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest. absence n. The fact of not being present or available. absent-minded adj. Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business. absolution n. Forgiveness, or passing over of offenses. absolve v. To free from sin or its penalties. absorb v. To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water. absorption n. The act or process of absorbing. abstain v. To keep oneself back (from doing or using something). abstemious adj. Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food. abstinence n. Self denial. abstruse adj. Dealing with matters difficult to be understood. absurd adj. Inconsistent with reason or common sense. abundant adj. Plentiful. abusive adj. Employing harsh words or ill treatment. abut v. To touch at the end or boundary line. abyss n. Bottomless gulf. academic adj. Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university. academician n. A member of an academy of literature, art, or science. academy n. Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught. accede v. To agree. accelerate v. To move faster. accept v. To take when offered. access n. A way of approach or entrance; passage. accessible adj. Approachable. accession n. Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government. accessory n. A person or thing that aids the principal agent. acclaim v. To utter with a shout. accommodate v. To furnish something as a kindness or favor. accompaniment n. A subordinate part or parts, enriching or supporting the leading part. accompanist n. One who or that which accompanies. accompany v. To go with, or be associated with, as a companion. accomplice n. An associate in wrong-doing. accomplish v. To bring to pass. accordion n. A portable free-reed musical instrument. accost v. To speak to. account n. A record or statement o	Intimidation and Embarrassment in Conversations of Dickens' Novels Intimidation and Embarrassment in Conversations of Dickens' Novels Deniz Tarba Ceylan [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Charles Dickens —> Works ] This essay, which was originally delivered at a March 1998 Dickens conference, Charles Dickens and His Work, at the Middle East Technical University in Turkey, and then placed on the conference website , has been graciously shared with readers of the Victorian Web by Laurence Raw, British Studies Manager, The British Council, Turkey, Works Cited Introductory The nineteenth-century novel hosts many villains who all seem to be experts in intimidating people around them. Dickens' novels too have many "bad" characters who all have their peculiar ways of oppressing the weak and the innocent. However, intimidation does not always occur through the explicit threats and practices of an evil character. Often "good" characters intimidate others, and characters intimidate each other even when they are polite and "nice" as well. Intimidation also occurs within social interactions which may have several other results and defining characteristics; for example embarrassment is another emotional state which often accompanies or replaces intimidation. In this paper I will first propose a definition of intimidation and later exemplify this definition by explicating some conversations, scenes and characters in several of Dickens' novels. Definition of "Intimidation" Although people may intimidate others in numerous ways, all intimidating actions impose a "face threat" to one or more of the parties involved in a social interaction. Erving Goffman defines the term "face" as "the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact" (5). By this definition Goffman also suggests that "face is an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes" (5). Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson qualify Goffman's definition by attributing two aspects to "face": negative face and positive face (66). These two are defined in terms of the basic wants that an individual has; the negative face is "the want of every 'competent adult member' [of society] that his actions be unimpeded by others" whereas the positive face is "the want of every member that his wants be desirable to at least some others" (Brown and Levinson 67). According to these two approaches, an individual's face is threatened whenever the public image, the desire to complete an act or the approval of society towards the wants of the person is challenged. There are roughly three ways a face threat may occur: the face threat may be unintentionally posed so that the offender may be "innocent." It may be maliciously and intentionally posed to intimidate someone. Thirdly, it may be incidental since it may come as the by-product of another action (Goffman 14). "Face Threats" in Dickens Since these options cover a very wide range of social interaction and communication patterns, the focus of this paper is limited to the face threats that occur during conversations between two characters in Dickens. Before going into complicated social interaction models which involve face threats at several levels, it may be practical to start with some simple face threats. I use this term with reference to all interactions in which one of the parties poses a face threat to the other without being challenged in return. Such threats which cause intimidation often occur in Dickens when people in different age groups and social positions meet. Professionals in their relationships with one another or with non-professionals usually intimidate others, since professionalism as a behaviour pattern differentiates people according to their status. This attitude results in the intentional neglect of some of the parties in a social interaction. "Face Threats" in David Copperfield An obvious example is observed at Mr. Waterbrook's dinner table in Chapter 25 of David Copperfield. In this scene two of Mr. Waterbr	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,827	The Rhodope Mountains lie mostly in which East European country?	Rhodope (Rodopi) Mountains, Bulgaria. Guided And Self-guided Walking Tours. Rhodope Mountains > Rhodope Mountains - guided and self-guided hiking and walking holidays in Bulgaria RHODOPE MOUNTAINS Rhodope (also Rodopi or Rhodopi) is the largest mountain in Bulgaria, spanning one seventh of the territory of the country. The mountain is situated in the Southern part of Bulgaria and the southernmost part of it is situated on the territory of Greece. The highest peak is Golyam Perelik (2191m a.s.l.). The name of the mountain has a Thracian origin. The Thracian tribes inhabited the Rhodopi centuries on end. Around the mountain there are lots of remains of their culture, such as megaliths and sanctuaries. In geomorphological aspect the Rhodopi is the oldest mountain range in Bulgaria. The mountain can be divided in Eastern and Western Rhodopi. The two parts are very different from each another. The Western part is much higher and the climate is mostly mountainous. The Eastern part has low mountainous and hill relief, where the average altitude is only 230 m. The climate is very mild during the winter and very hot in the summer. A significant part of Bulgaria's hydropower resources is concentrated in the Western part of the mountain range. There are lots of hydro-cascades, built on dams used for electricity production, irrigation and as tourist destinations. Fifteen reserves have been established in the region, some of which are under UNESCO protection. There are more than 50 huts in Rhodope Mountains. Unfortunately, some of them are closed down altogether; others are open only in the warm period of the year. Most of the hikers and visitors of the mountain prefer to stay in some of the numerous guesthouses and small hotels situated in the villages and the small Rhodopean towns, such as the towns of Smolyan, Chepelare, Kardzhali, Velingrad, Devin, Zlatograd and the villages of Shiroka Laka, Yagodina, Gela, Trigrad, Orehovo, Kovachevitsa and many others. Lots of hiking and walking trails are crossing the Eastern and Western part of Rhodope Mountains. Unfortunately, only the most popular are very well marked. During most of the hikes it is not very difficult to get lost. The Rhodope Mountains are suitable for differently experienced hikers. You can either make short walks around some of the villages or the interesting sites (i.e. using as a centre for example Trigrad village ), or hike many days in line for more than 6-7 hours per day (some self-guided walking tours offer the option to walk with just a daypack, having your luggage transferred between the accommodations in the meantime). In any case the walking trails here are easier compared to Rila and Pirin, providing good opportunities for easy to moderate difficulty hikes. The Rhodope Mountains are some of the best places in Bulgaria to combine sightseeing and hiking . Hiking for a couple of days here is included in all itineraries, coverning the best of the Bulgarian mountains . The parts of the mountains, close to the border with Greece had a very limited access during the communists’ times and now they slightly reveal their secrets and traditions. And they are unique. For sure this is the place to experience Bulgarian hospitality in the true sense of the word. The most visited is the region between the villages of Orehovo, Trigrad and Smolyan. The most often visited hiking trails and the most popular tourist sites are situated there. Natural and cultural sights: They are so many, but let’s mention some of them: • Environmental centre “Eastern Rhodope” – located in the town of Madzharovo. There you can learn about the vultures and see them in their natural habitat. • Chudnite mostove (Wonderful Bridges) – a marvelous rocky phenomenon. The two bridges are situated in the foothills of Golyam Persenk Peak and were formed by the erosive activity of the once high-water river. • Some of the famous caves you can visit: “Yagodina”, “Bacho Kiro”, “Uhlovitsa”, “Snezhanka”, “The Devil’s Throat” etc. • Kardzhali – in and near this town you can find many interesting places: the Histor	United States Relations with Russia: The Cold War United States Relations with Russia: The Cold War 1945-1949 1945-1946: Creation of Eastern European People's Republics Between November 1945 and December 1946, a number of the coalition governments established in the Eastern European countries occupied by Soviet troops during the war transformed into Communist "People's Republics" with strong ties to the Soviet Union. These included Yugoslavia (November 1945); Albania (January 1946); and Bulgaria (December 1946). The United States and Britain considered this an abrogation of agreements made at the Yalta Conference. February 1946: George Kennan's Long Telegram and the Policy of Containment On February 22, 1946, George F. Kennan, the Charg� d'Affaires at the Moscow Embassy, sent a long telegram to the Department of State detailing his concerns about Soviet expansionism. Kennan argued that the United States would never be able to cooperate successfully with the Soviets, because they saw the West as an enemy and would engage in a protracted battle to limit Western power and increase Soviet domination. Kennan argued that the United States should lead the West in "containing" the Soviets by exerting counterforce at various geographical and political points of conflict. Kennan published a public version of this argument in the July 1947 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs. Kennan's articulations of the policy of containment had a major influence on American foreign policy toward the Soviet Union. March 1946: Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech During a speech at Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946, visiting British Prime Minister Winston Churchill proclaimed that Europe was divided by an "Iron Curtain" as the nations of Eastern Europe fell increasingly under Soviet control. Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia all fell under Communist control by early 1948. Spring 1946: Soviet Troops in Iran Responding to Iranian requests to the United Nations, on March 5, 1946, the United States sent a note to Moscow protesting the retention of Soviet troops in Iran, where Stalin wanted to establish Soviet influence. On April 3, the Soviet Union announced that its troops would leave by May 6. March 1947: Truman Doctrine The Soviets aimed also to establish influence over Turkey and Greece in an effort to seek access to the Mediterranean. President Truman delivered a speech before Congress on March 12, 1947, asking for $400 million to provide assistance for Greece and Turkey in the hopes of bolstering pro-Western governments there. In this speech, he enunciated the Truman Doctrine that would serve to justify the U.S. Cold War policy of containment. This doctrine described the U.S. policy of supporting free peoples who resisted subjugation from armed minorities or outside pressures. June 1947: U.S. Efforts to Control Atomic Energy In June 1947, the United States submitted proposals, know as the Baruch Plan, for the creation of an International Atomic Energy Development Authority to control all phases of the development and use of atomic energy. The United States offered to destroy its atomic weapons after international control and inspection became effective. The Soviet Union rejected the proposal. June 5, 1947: Marshall's Offer of Economic Assistance In a speech given at Harvard University on June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall offered U.S. assistance for the postwar economic rehabilitation of all European nations, including those that had adopted Communist governments. The Soviet Union denounced the Marshall Plan, saying it would infringe upon European sovereignty. Western European nations accepted Marshall's offer, while the Eastern European states followed Moscow's lead. 1948-1949: Berlin Airlift In the summer of 1948, the Soviet Union cut off access to the Western sectors of Berlin, situated in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The Western powers organized a massive airlift to supply West Berlin, and organized a counter-blockade of the Soviet zone. On May 12, 1949, the Soviets lifted their blocka	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,828	Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal?	Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? View the step-by-step solution to: Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? This question was answered on May 30, 2016. View the Answer Which country first tried unsuccessfully to build the Panama Canal? rotten3 posted a question · May 30, 2016 at 5:25pm Top Answer rapidd answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 5:41pm Other Answers The answer to this question... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29828240) ]} bestWriter8 answered the question · May 30, 2016 at 5:28pm FRANCE The French attempt to construct a waterway across the Isthmus was foredoomed to failure because the project fell into... View the full answer {[ getNetScore(29828373) ]} View Full Answer or ask a new question Related Questions Need help with paper. For history. The first paper will focus on two of the major themes from the first half of our class: nationalism and imperialism. For Recently Asked Questions 3 History experts found online! Average reply time is less than an hour Get Homework Help Why Join Course Hero? Course Hero has all the homework and study help you need to succeed! We’ve got course-specific notes, study guides, and practice tests along with expert tutors and customizable flashcards—available anywhere, anytime. - - Study Documents Find the best study resources around, tagged to your specific courses. Share your own to gain free Course Hero access or to earn money with our Marketplace. - Question & Answers Get one-on-one homework help from our expert tutors—available online 24/7. Ask your own questions or browse existing Q&A threads. Satisfaction guaranteed! - Flashcards Browse existing sets or create your own using our digital flashcard system. A simple yet effective studying tool to help you earn the grade that you want!	Frequently Asked Questions \| Official Website for the Panama Canal Expansion Official Website for the Panama Canal Expansion What is the Panama Canal Expansion Program? Click to zoom The Panama Canal Expansion is the largest project at the Canal since its original construction. The project will create a new lane of traffic along the Canal through the construction of a new set of locks, doubling the waterway’s capacity. The Program consists of several components/projects: Click to download New Locks (Third Set of Locks), which is the construction of two lock complexes, which will create a third lane of traffic. Pacific Access Channel, also known as PAC4, which is the excavation of a 6.1 km-long access channel for the new Pacific locks to bypass Miraflores Lake. Dredging of the navigational channels along the waterway. Improvements to water supply by raising Gatun Lake maximum operational level by 45 cm to improve the Canal’s water supply and draft. What is the capacity of the expanded Panama Canal? The existing locks allow the passage of vessels that can carry up to 5,000 TEUs. After the expansion the Post-Panamax vessels will be able to transit through the Canal, with up to 13,000/14,000 TEUs. What is the objective of the Expansion Program? The main objective of the Expansion Program is to increase capacity to meet demand growth with enhanced customer service. The Expansion will double the Canal’s capacity, having a direct impact on economies of scale and international maritime trade. It will help maintain the Canal’s competitiveness and the value of the maritime route through Panama. How much is the Expansion Program? The overall program has a cost of US$5.25 billion. How is it financed? To procure the required financing of US$2.3 billion to complete the expansion of the waterway, the Panama Canal Authority signed contracts with a group of bilateral and multilateral credit institutions. Multilateral and Development Agencies Work on to expand the Panama Canal officially began in September 2007. How many job opportunities have been created with the Expansion Program? The Panama Canal Expansion Program has become a significant source of job opportunities and training for professionals in different job fields. More than 30,000 jobs have been created since its execution. How does the program deal with paleontological and archaeological findings? As part of the efforts to preserve the cultural heritage, highly-valuable archaeological items, such as a 16th-century Spanish dagger, pre-Colombian arrowheads and bottles dating from last century have been recovered from excavation sites, restored and preserved. A contract for paleontological research signed by the Panama Canal Authority with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) concluded in 2012. As a result of the work, 8,862 items were collected and catalogued, of which 5,377 are made up of rock and sediments and 3,485 are fossils. For more information about this project: http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/panama-pire/ How does the program deal with environmental impact? Activities under the Panama Canal Expansion Program abide by strict environmental standards. Along with its contractors for each of the components and in coordination with Panama’s National Environmental Authority (ANAM) and the Aquatic Resources Authority (ARAP), the Canal conducts wildlife rescue and relocation activities as work progresses. Mammals, reptiles and birds have been rescued and relocated to safe areas. THE THIRD SET OF LOCKS PROJECT What is the Third Set of Locks project? The Third Set of Locks project is the most important component of the Expansion Program. It entails the construction of the two new lock complexes in the Pacific and Atlantic sides of the Panama Canal, creating a third lane of traffic for bigger ships. Each lock complex will have three-steps. Who was the Contract awarded to? The contract was awarded to international consortium Grupo Unidos por el Canal, S.A. (GUPC). COMPANY How much does this project cost? The Third Set of Locks design-build contract has a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,829	Pung and Chow are terms used in which game?	About Mahjong game - Mahjong Solitaire rules About Mahjong game Whether its called Ma Jong, Mah Jong, Mah Jongg, Ma Diao, Ma Cheuk, Mah Cheuck, Baak Ling, or Pung Chow the history of this game is as intriguing as the game itself. Throughout history many theories have been presented regarding the origin of the game. One suggests that it had been played on Noah's Ark during the 40 days and nights of rain. East had been the prevailing wind during the storm thus becoming the dominant seat in playing the game. This theory would suggest that the game would date back to around 2350 BC. Another very interesting story suggests that Confucius the great Chinese philosopher had developed the game about 500 BC. The appearance of the game in various Chinese provinces coincides with Confucius' travels at the time he was teaching his new doctrines. The three "Cardinal" tiles also coincide with the three Cardinal virtues taught by Confucius. Chung (middle) the Red, Fa (prosperity) the Green, Po (white) the white, Benevolence, Sincerity, and Filial Piety. Confucius was said to be fond of birds, which would explain the name Mah Jong (Hemp Bird). Terms used in the play of the game "Pung," "Chee," and "Kong" also add support to this theory. Confucius was of the Kong family his full name being Kong-Fu-Tze, he married a girl named Che and adopted the term "Chee" meaning 'to connect' which occidentals corrupted into "Chow". Although these as well as various other stories lend themselves to a very interesting background to the game, the most logical theory suggests that the game had been developed from various Chinese games. During the Sung Dynasty (960-1279 AD) a game called "Ya Pei" which is played with 32 cards made of either wood or ivory, and are oblong in shape similar to the present day Ma Jong tiles. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) a game called "Ma Tiae" (Hanging Horse) was invented. This game was played with 40 paper cards similar in appearance to the cards used in the game Ya Pei. These forty cards were numbered 1 to 9 in four different suits along with four additional flower cards are quite similar to the numbering of mah jong cards today. It is thought that roughly around 1850 AD in the city of Ningpo two brothers had created mah jong from the earlier game of ma tiae. The introduction to the western world is thought to have begun with two brothers named White, which in the early 1900's introduced mah jong to the English clubs of Shanghai, where it quickly gained popularity among the foreign residents. Importation of mah jong tiles began with Joseph P. Babcock, who at that time was the Soochow representative of the Standard Oil Company. He simplified the game eliminating most of the limit hand scoring, and retained only the essential basic scores. Mr. Babcock is also credited with starting the practice of putting English numerals on the tiles, and in September of 1920 he copyrighted and put his rules into print for the first time. It wasn't however until two years later a lumber merchant from San Francisco named W. A. Hammond formed the Mah Jongg Sales Company of San Francisco and began importing large quantities of sets.	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,830	Which British Prime Minister, born in Chelsea in February 1894, died on December 29th 1986 aged 92 ?	Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton (1894 - 1986) - Genealogy Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton Also Known As: 52 Cadogan Pl, Kensington, Greater London, United Kingdom Death: in Chelwood Gate, East Sussex, United Kingdom Place of Burial: St Giles' Church Horsted Keynes Immediate Family: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Managed by: Dorothy Evelyn Macmillan (born Cavendish) Son: Maurice Crawford MacMillan, Helen Artie Tarleton MacMillan Wife: Dorothy Evelyn Macmillan (o.s. Cavendish) Children: Feb 10 1894 - 52 Cadogan Place, Chelsea, Londres Death: Dec 29 1986 - Chelwood Gate, Sussex Wife: Dorothy Evelyn Macmillan (nacida Cavendisch) Children: Feb 10 1894 - 52 Cadogan Place, London England Death: Dec 29 1986 - Birch Grove, Sussex England Wife: Feb 10 1894 - 52 Cadogan Place, London England Death: Dec 29 1986 - Birch Grove, Sussex England Wife: Feb 10 1894 - 52 Cadogan Place, Chelsea, London, Middlesex, England Death: Dec 29 1986 - Chelwood Gate, Sussex, England Wife: Dorothy Evelyn Macmillan (born Cavendish) Children: Dorothy Evelyn Macmillan (born Cavendish) Children: Dec 29 1986 - Chelwood Gate, Sussex Parents: Maurice Crawford Macmillan, Helen Artie Tarleton Macmillan (born Belles) Wife: St George Hanover Square, London, England Spouse (implied): Haywards Heath, West Sussex, England Birth date: http://ww2gravestone.com/people/macmillan-maurice-harold/ Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 January 1957 to 18 October 1963. Nicknamed 'Supermac' and known for his pragmatism, wit and unflappability, Macmillan achieved notoriety before the Second World War as a Tory radical and critic of appeasement. Rising to high office as a protegé of wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill, he believed in the essential decency of the post-war settlement and the necessity of a mixed economy, and in his premiership pursued corporatist policies to develop the domestic market as the engine of growth.[2] As a One Nation Tory of the Disraelian tradition, haunted by memories of the Great Depression, he championed a Keynesian strategy of public investment to maintain demand, winning a second term in 1959 on an electioneering budget. Benefiting from favourable international conditions,[3] he presided over an age of affluence, marked by low unemployment and high if uneven growth. In his Bedford speech of July 1957 he told the nation they had 'never had it so good',[4] but warned of the dangers of inflation, summing up the fragile prosperity of the 1950s.[5] In international affairs Macmillan rebuilt the special relationship with the United States from the wreckage of Suez, and redrew the world map by decolonising sub-Saharan Africa. Reconfiguring the nation's defences to meet the realities of the nuclear age, he ended National Service, strengthened the nuclear deterrent by acquiring Polaris, and pioneered the Nuclear Test Ban with the United States and the Soviet Union. Belatedly recognising the dangers of strategic dependence, he sought a new role for Britain in Europe, but his unwillingness to disclose United States nuclear secrets to France contributed to a French veto of the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community.[6] Macmillan's government in its final year was rocked by the Vassall and Profumo scandals, which seemed to symbolise for the rebellious youth of the 1960s the moral decay of the British establishment.[7] Resigning prematurely after a medical misdiagnosis, Macmillan lived out a long retirement as an elder statesman of global stature. He was as trenchant a critic of his successors in his old age as he had been of his predecessors in his youth. When asked what represented the greatest challenge for a statesman, Macmillan replied: 'Events, my dear boy, events'.[8] Contents [hide] [edit]Early life [edit]Family Harold Macmillan was born at 52 Cadogan Place in Chelsea, London, to Maurice Crawford Macmillan (1853–1936), publisher, and Helen (Nellie) A	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 5 \| 1976: Callaghan is new prime minister 1976: Callaghan is new prime minister Britain's new Prime Minister, James Callaghan, has arrived in Downing Street for his first day in office. He returned from his audience with the Queen at Buckingham Palace to pose for photographs outside the door of Number 10 Downing Street with his wife Audrey. Within hours, he made a televised address to the nation in which he promised a reforming government. However, he said, the future would not be easy. "There is no soft option," he said. "I don't promise you any real easement for some time to come. "There can be no lasting improvement in your living standards until we can achieve it without going deeper and deeper into debt as a nation." Leadership contest He made it clear that he considered the control of inflation his first priority. Unemployment, he said, was also too high - but could not be tackled until inflation had been brought under control. Mr Callaghan's appointment follows the surprise resignation of long-standing Labour leader and Prime Minister Harold Wilson last month. The result of the two-week leadership contest was announced just after 1600 BST (1500 GMT) to a packed meeting of the Parliamentary Labour Party. Mr Callaghan had beaten his main rival, Employment Secretary Michael Foot, by 176 votes to 137. Cabinet appointments During his speech of acceptance, he paid tribute to Harold Wilson, and then asked for the party to "wipe the slate clean" and stop inter-factional squabbling. In particular he asked the Tribune and Manifesto splinter groups - representing the extreme left and right of the party - to give their first loyalty to Labour. He confirmed Denis Healey would remain Chancellor, and said Mr Foot would have a cabinet role, although he did not say which. Other Cabinet reshuffles are expected later in the week. The media has already dubbed Mr Callaghan "Sailor Jim" after he revealed he had served as an ordinary seaman in World War II, as well as "Sunny Jim" for his upbeat temperament. He comes to Number Ten from the Foreign Office, where he has served for the last two years in the Wilson cabinet. It is the third senior cabinet post he has held. As Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1964-1967, he was forced to devalue the pound, after which he resigned. He then served as Home Secretary until Labour lost the general election in 1970.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,831	Which spirit is used in a Daiquiri cocktail?	Daiquiri Cocktail Recipe You must be logged in to post a comment. Adding comment … dannynannady2007.2b626c1 posted 10 months ago I usually enjoy the videos with Dushan, but FREE POURING a daiquiri???? You gotta be out of your mind... johndixon548gmailcom1017305228 posted 1 year ago I made this tonight with Pusser's British Navy Rum and Rose's Lime Juice. Very citrusy until I added an additional .5 oz (ish) of rum. Refreshing! cholo7 posted 2 years ago I thought the classic is supposed to be with light rum?? CocktailSeb posted 2 years ago Dark Rum?!?!	Tequila Sunrise recipe Tequila Sunrise recipe Scan me to take me with you serve in 2 dashes grenadine syrup Pour tequila in a highball glass with ice, and top with orange juice. Stir. Add grenadine by tilting glass and pouring grenadine down side by flipping the bottle vertically very quickly. The grenadine should go straight to the bottom and then rise up slowly through the drink. Garnish stirrer, straw and cherry-orange. More comments Yes!!! posted by Kristin @ 03:43PM, 5/13/06 Oh my gosh that is my favorite... I laid drunk under the Eifel Tower in Paris after a few of those! Missing 1 more ingredient... posted by Kellyo @ 07:12PM, 5/13/06 You also need cranberry juice... MOST IMPORTANTLY! I'm gonna try it out posted by klayton @ 04:44AM, 6/03/06 Cranberry juice is not needed for a sunrise, it's a totaly different drink... Writing that down posted by cailet22 @ 02:07AM, 6/18/06 No wonder it's so popular, love making the effect with the syrup. Fav. drink as of now posted by C to the P @ 04:12AM, 6/30/06 Works well using a Goblet glass if you don't have a highball. Drink is outragous. Number 1# posted by Pig_Penn @ 02:46AM, 7/08/06 I tell ya, when your on the beaches of hawaii sippin on this, you feel like a million bucks. Hits the spot. Use this kind of tequila posted by redneck @ 10:33PM, 7/11/06 Try use Cabo Wabo tequila it makes the taste of this favorite so much better. More ingredient Great drink but try adding a bit of lemon juice!!! Try it ..and you will love it posted by elaine @ 08:59AM, 8/13/06 It has very nice colour effects, I love it. Great drink posted by J @ 12:16PM, 10/04/06 This drink was introduced to me not long ago, and it is one of my favorite drinks:) Cherry brandy posted by Nique @ 01:33AM, 10/13/06 Replace grenadine with cherry brandy - yummmm. Sweeeeet! posted by Boost @ 11:40AM, 11/05/06 Delicious, drink it and wait for the sun to brighten you up from inside Number 1# even better!! posted by nem o @ 12:01AM, 11/14/06 LONG LIVE TEQUILA SUNRISE! I love this drink, I love this drink I love this drink... Oh hell yes posted by leah @ 05:53PM, 11/20/06 Quite possibly my favorite drink ever. After a few of these you lack the coordination to get the effect with the syrup. But by then, it really doens't matter. Spanked my cheeks posted by spunky monkey @ 08:36PM, 11/21/06 Mix drink ingredients in large glass pitcher and slice up an orange and add. Beautiful touch to a spankin' drink. Canadians posted by The ONLY TRUE bartender in TORONTO @ 11:43PM, 12/19/06 Stupid canadian bartenders add sweet & sour mix to the classic drink. Taste like shit with S&S mix. Pineapple juice posted by iryna @ 11:34PM, 1/05/07 I always replace grenadine with raspberry syrup... and sometimes orange juice with pineapple... heehee sounds different but still so good. Awesome drink posted by Never a Sunset! @ 12:44AM, 1/06/07 What else is there to say. Its where the sunrise starts and the good times roll. I recommend this drink to anyone. Different tequila posted by Moni @ 09:29PM, 1/24/07 I adore this cocktail... Try different brands of tequila and you will be amazed how different each brand makes the cocktail taste! Amazing posted by Barbre @ 09:54PM, 1/25/07 This is great but people... don't be wussy, up your tequilla ratio. Love it! posted by hey @ 03:34PM, 1/28/07 Lovin' the taste and effect! Yumm! posted by lilspoiledgrl5 @ 06:46AM, 2/01/07 It's such a pretty effect too. Makes it more fun to drink! Great drink posted by shell @ 09:24PM, 2/09/07 I love this drink so much. I also am the biggest fan of tequila since I tried it. For me it's a different drink, a better one. But this drink is so tasty, and smooth, and relaxing. Just a great thing to have on a summer night, or after a long work week. WOW posted by pedro @ 11:59PM, 2/14/07 This is one of the best tasting drink i have seen ...with OLMECA brand tequila i give this a A+ Wow posted by naiem @ 07:34AM, 2/15/07 The best .. try it all. Triple sec posted by roseanna @ 10:01PM, 4/05/07 Instead of orange juice use triple sec. Blackberry brandy posted by Dave @ 12:15AM,	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,832	What does a geiger counter measure?	About Geiger Counters and Nuclear Radiation Testing Devices Why Own a Geiger Counter? For Inquiries or to Order Call 303-325-7463 Today! The links in the text below provide independent background information on the topic As Heard on National Radio: “Mazur said he developed handheld Geiger counters so consumers and hobbyists could be aware of radiation levels in the things around them. If you don't have some sort of instrument... you're completely a hundred percent certain that you have no idea what's in your environment," he cautioned. Mazur shared a report about elevator buttons in France that were made from recycled metal containing nuclear waste , as well as a story about radioactive metal tissue boxes sold by a major home goods chain. A week spent near one of these 'hot' tissue boxes was equivalent to getting a chest x-ray, he revealed.” With a Mazur Instruments Geiger Counter You Can: Check granite countertops , water filters, air filters, building materials and other items in your home for radioactive contamination. Check for radioactivity in antiques, watch and clock dials, antique pottery , smoke detector, lantern mantels, etc. Monitor and maintain awareness amidst a nuclear accident or emergency such as the one currently underway in the Fukushima prefecture of Japan. Test for radioactive contamination of food. Note: The extra sensitivity of the PRM-9000 is recommended. Check for radioactivity in metal objects in your home or office that could be made of recycled radioactive materials Check for leaks or possible exposure if you work in or near an X-ray lab in a medical facility or medical office suite Check for environmental levels of radioactivity near a nuclear power facility Test the soil and environment for dangerous levels of radioactivity, if located in close proximity to uranium mines Monitor personal levels of radiation due to radiation therapy, brachytherapy or other medical procedures that rely on radioactive substances Examples of what Geiger counters do not detect: Neutron radiation Cell phone and smart meter radio frequency (RF) electro-magnetic field (EMF) radiation Radon gas (Test kits available in home improvement stores) Laser energy About Nuclear Radiation Nuclear radiation is a normal part of our planet and the cosmos. It is also a by-product of man-made actions and activities. The unfortunate catastrophe in Japan has created a new sense of urgency for personal radiation measurement to an entirely new generation of post-Cold War individuals. Against this backdrop we will provide a fundamental description of how a Geiger counter detects nuclear radiation. First a few words on radiation, and a particular type called ionizing radiation. Radiation is all around us. The sun radiates energy, radio stations radiate electromagnetic waves and radiators in apartment buildings radiate heat to keep residents warm in cold weather. However, nuclear radiation is a different type of radiation known as ionizing radiation. Ionizing Radiation - Four Primary Types Ionizing radiation alters the structure and, by association, the electric charge of individual atoms by a process known as ionization. The substances that produce ionizing radiation are said to be radioactive. There are four primary types of ionizing radiation – alpha, beta and gamma radiation as well as x-radiation (x-rays). Generally, an alpha particle can travel no more than one to three inches in the air before stopping, and can be stopped by a piece of paper. However, they can pass through a thin mica window. As we will see later, this property of mica is very important in radiation measurement. Beta radiation can pass through a sheet of paper and some clothing, but not through thin metal or glass. Beta particles can damage skin, however, both alpha and beta radiation are most harmful when inhaled or ingested. Gamma radiation occurs naturally in nature and is almost identical to x-rays. Generally, they can travel into and often times through anything. Gamma particles can be shielded with several feet of water or concrete, several inches o	What is the Higgs boson and why is it important? - CNN.com What is the Higgs boson and why is it important? By Nick Thompson, CNN Updated 8:13 AM ET, Tue October 8, 2013 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' Studying the 'God particle' – Three years ago, scientists in Geneva, Switzerland, announced they had proved the existence of the so-called "God particle" known as Higgs boson -- a never-before-seen subatomic particle long thought to be a fundamental building block of the universe. This year, researchers from two different teams combined their measurements of the particle, providing an unprecedented picture of Higgs boson's production, decay and interaction with other particles. Click through the gallery for more. Hide Caption 1 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' This graphic shows traces of the collision of particles from an experiment at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) -- a large particle detector in Geneva. The Standard Model of particle physics lays out the basics of how elementary particles and forces interact in the universe. But the theory crucially fails to explain how particles actually get their mass. Particles, or bits of matter, range in size and can be larger or smaller than atoms. Electrons, protons and neutrons, for instance, are the subatomic particles that make up an atom. Scientists believe that the Higgs boson is the particle that gives all matter its mass. Hide Caption 2 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' An image of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. "The Higgs boson is the last missing piece of our current understanding of the most fundamental nature of the universe," Martin Archer, a physicist at Imperial College in London, told CNN. "Only now with the LHC [Large Hadron Collider] are we able to really tick that box off and say 'This is how the universe works, or at least we think it does'." Hide Caption 3 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' Studying the 'God particle' – Higgs boson research takes place at the Large Hadron Collider -- a circular tunnel located 100 meters (328 feet) underground. It uses a particle accelerator to collide protons at extreme speeds. By combining their data, researchers found that there are different ways to produce a Higgs boson, and different ways for a Higgs boson to decay to other particles. Hide Caption 4 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' Studying the 'God particle' – British physicist Peter Higgs, right, speaks with Belgian physicist Francois Englert at a press conference at Geneva's CERN facility in 2012. Higgs and Englert shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics for describing an explanation for why particles have mass. They independently published papers on this topic in 1964. Hide Caption 5 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' Studying the 'God particle' – CERN's Globe of Science and Innovation exhibition center and surface buildings, which provide access to the Large Hadron Collider, can be seen near Geneva, Switzerland. CERN Director General Rolf Heuer said, "There is much benefit in combining the results of large experiments to reach the high precision needed for the next breakthrough in our field. By doing so, we achieve what for a single experiment would have meant running for at least 2 more years." Hide Caption 6 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' Studying the 'God particle' – Teams from ATLAS and CMS Collaborations combined their research to obtain their results. "Combining results from two large experiments was a real challenge as such analysis involves over 4,200 parameters that represent systematic uncertainties," said CMS Spokesperson Tiziano Camporesi. "With such a result and the flow of new data at the new energy level at the LHC, we are in a good position to look at the Higgs boson from every possible angle." Hide Caption 7 of 9 Photos: Secrets of the 'God particle' Studying the 'God particle' – The particle accelerator magnets of the LHC are shown at the underground test facility at CERN near Geneva.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,833	Which Australian Prime Minister went missing while swimming in 1967?	Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt Disappears Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt Disappears December 17, 1967 Australian prime minister Harold Holt (1908 - 1967) on the beach with three women. (circa 1966). (Photo by Evening Standard/Getty Images) By Jennifer Rosenberg Updated March 29, 2016. He might have been eaten by a shark. Or maybe he was assassinated by secret agents from the Soviet Union. Of course, he could have possibly been picked up by a Chinese submarine. Others have said that he might have committed suicide or been picked up by a UFO. Such were the rumors and conspiracy theories that ran rampant after Harold Holt, Australia's 17th Prime Minister, disappeared on December 17, 1967. Who Was Harold Holt? Liberal Party leader Harold Edward Holt was only 59 years old when he went missing and yet he had already served a lifetime in service to Australia's government. After having spent 32 years in Parliament, he became Australia's prime minister in January 1966 on a platform that supported United States troops in Vietnam . However, his tenure as prime minister was very short; he had been prime minister for only 22 months when he went for a fateful swim on December 17, 1967. A Short Vacation On December 15, 1967, Holt finished up some work in Canberra and then flew to Melbourne. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge From there he drove to Portsea, a beautiful resort town where he had a vacation home. Portsea was one of Holt's favorite places to relax, to swim, and to spearfish. Holt spent Saturday, December 16 visiting with friends and family. Sunday, December 17's plan was to be similar. In the morning, he had an early breakfast, played with his granddaughter, and gathered some friends to watch a vessel arrive from England and go for a short swim. The afternoon was to include a barbecue lunch, spearfishing, and an evening event. Holt, however, disappeared around midday. A Short Swim in Rough Seas Around 11:30 a.m. on December 17, 1967, Holt met four friends at a neighbor's house and then went with them to the military Quarantine Station, where they were all waived through the security checkpoint. After watching a ship pass through the Heads, Holt and his friends drove over to Cheviot Bay Beach, a beach that Holt often frequented. Stepping away from the others, Holt changed into a pair of dark swim trunks behind an outcropping of rocks; he left on his sand shoes, which were missing laces. Despite the high tide and rough waters, Holt went into the ocean for a swim. Perhaps he had become complacent about the dangers of the ocean since he had a long history of swimming at this location or perhaps he didn't realize quite how rough the water really was that day. At first, his friends could see him swimming. As the waves grew more ferocious, his friends soon realized that he was in trouble. They shouted at him to come back, but the waves kept him away from the shore. A few minutes later, they had lost him. He was gone. A monumental search and rescue attempt was launched, but the search was eventually called off without ever having found Holt's body. Two days after he went missing, Holt was presumed dead and a funeral service was held for him on December 22. Queen Elizabeth II , Prince Charles, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson , and many other heads of state attended Holt's funeral. Conspiracy Theories Although conspiracy theories still abound surrounding Holt's death, the most likely cause of his death was the bad sea conditions. Quite possibly his body was eaten by sharks (a nearby area is known to be shark territory), but it is just as likely that the extreme undertow took his body out to sea. However, since his body was never found, conspiracy theories continue to spread about Holt's "mysterious" disappearance. Holt was the third Australian Prime Minister to die in office but is best remembered for the unusual circumstances surrounding his death.	Account Suspended Account Suspended This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,834	Annie Leibovitz and Vivienne Westwood were commissioned to create bold designs for which 1980's range of watches?	Style findings: 2015's daily dispatches from the Wallpaper* fashion team \| Wallpaper* Style findings: 2015's daily dispatches from the Wallpaper* fashion team Style findings: 2015's daily dispatches from the Wallpaper* fashion team Fashion / 22 Dec 2015 Calvin Klein Collection’s copper creations 18 December At the junction of 60th and Madison Avenue, Calvin Klein Collection’s New York flagship is now home to Sophia Dixon Dillo ’s latest installation work, Forming Light. The piece constitutes 83 miles of threaded copper fibres that wind through the store’s expansive retail space. It changes markedly in response to ambient light levels, shifting from a metallic brilliance in full daylight to a burnt glow at twilight. Calvin Klein’s homeware collection has been designed to respond to the installation, with hints of platinum, copper and rose gold accenting the wide array of domestic products. The Madison Avenue store will also be offering an exclusive personalisation service on certain items, allowing clients to monogram their purchases in the metallic hues that run through the collection. Writer: Edward Siddons Luxury leathers 17 December John Lobb is a shoemaker with a more illustrious history than most. Founded in 1866, the brand has crafted shoes for royalty and slowly built a global empire, while never compromising on the artisanal skills on which the label was founded. This season, John Lobb is applying its expertise to a range of small leather goods, offering classic shapes in the highest quality materials. 'Traditional hand tools used for shaping wooden lasts and the rasp texture on the surface of these tools inspired this capsule collection of functional wallets, passport holders and card holders,' says designer Paula Gerbase. 'As ever, the craftsmanship present in the John Lobb ateliers continues to inspire me to bring the Bootmaking process into light through carefully considered details.' With smooth finishes or embossed detailing, the collection includes black and burgundy offerings to inject a hint of class into any thinking man’s wardrobe. Writer: Edward Siddons Modern classics: the Bermondsy bomber 16 December Oliver Spencer’s quintessentially British take on menswear has taken the brand from strength to strength, remaking staples in relaxed new styles and the highest quality fabrics. The brand’s Bermondsy bomber is but one example. Available in Berkeley grey cashmere, striking floral prints and green or black suede, Spencer’s update on the bomber jacket is versatile both across seasons and occasions while remaining effortlessly cool. The jacket is available online or in Oliver Spencer’s London stores . Swedish Style: Acne Studios’ Bags 15 December Jonny Johansson, creative director of Acne Studios, seems to prize practicality as highly as his eccentric, offbeat aesthetic. The brand’s inaugural range of bags is eminently practical: large enough for transporting life’s essentials and hardy enough for daily usage, the range also offers eye-popping colour, multiple styles and exquisite whip-stitch detailing. The range is entirely made in Italy and incorporates subtle design allusions to past Acne collections, not least the A/W 2015 rope embellishments. The bags, which come in bucket, shoulder and backpack styles, are available on Acne’s online store and in selected Acne boutiques worldwide. Writer: Edward Siddons Tune in Tokyo 14 December Saint Laurent has opened its first store in Tokyo within the city’s luxury hub, the Omotesandō district. The three-storey flagship mirrors the sleek lines of Hedi Slimane ’s noir soie and white marble French art deco redesign, and also features furnishings by Dutch and American designers Gerrit Rietveld and Jay Spectre in addition to the house’s molten pop-up slot machine . Writer: Katrina Israel Diesel’s wonder world 11 December Yet another stage in Nicola Formichetti’s radical reworking of Diesel’s global presence, the flagship store at 625 Madison Avenue in New York has been entirely transformed. Formichetti engineered the new aesthetic with Wonderwall , the globally reno	"Masterminds" - Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England), December 27, 2014 \| Online Research Library: Questia Read preview Article excerpt 1. Which actor starred as detective Magnum PI? 2. Which town in Cornwall has become famous for the number of artists who are based there because of its light? 3. Which Manx rider won five stages in the 2010 tour de France? 4. Which comedian created the characters Stavros, Tory Boy and Loadsamoney? 5. Which famous TV chef played football for Glasgow Rangers FC? 6. In the Thunderbirds TV series, which son piloted Thunderbird Two and dressed in yellow? 7. In the TV series Diagnoses Murder, who plays Dr Mark Sloan? 8. Where is the Royal Regatta held each year on the River Thames? 9. Who was the captain of the 2010 European Ryder cup team? 10. Who won 18 this year's Strictly Come Dancing final? 11. What was the name of her partner? 12. What is the capital city of Spain? 13. What is a Samoyed? 14. How many inches make a yard? 15. Which tree grows the tallest? 16. Where is Angel Falls? 17. What was once known as a love apple? 23 18. What is Cher's real name? 19. What was the name of Lou Reed's band? 20. Who invented the lightning conductor? 21. Where in England according to Bram Stoker did Dracula first set ashore? 22. Which TV detective had a secretary called Miss Lemon? 23. In which film does British rock star David Bowie star as a goblin king? 24. How was entertainer Nicolai Poliakoff better known? 25. True or False: the Kingdom of Bahrain is an island nation? … Subscribe to Questia and enjoy: Full access to this article and over 10 million more from academic journals, magazines, and newspapers Over 83,000 books Access to powerful writing and research tools Article details Newspapers Encyclopedia	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,835	In which Bond film did Rowan Atkinson first appear	Never Say Never Again (1983) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Never Say Never Again ( 1983 ) PG \| A SPECTRE agent has stolen two American nuclear warheads, and James Bond must find their targets before they are detonated. Director: Irvin Kershner Writers: Kevin McClory (based on an original story by), Jack Whittingham (based on an original story by) \| 2 more credits » Stars: a list of 25 titles created 09 Apr 2012 a list of 28 titles created 26 Jun 2013 a list of 25 titles created 09 Dec 2014 a list of 25 titles created 10 Dec 2014 a list of 24 titles created 5 months ago Title: Never Say Never Again (1983) 6.2/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 1 win & 2 nominations. See more awards » Videos A diamond smuggling investigation leads James Bond to Las Vegas, where he uncovers an evil plot involving a rich business tycoon. Director: Guy Hamilton A fake Fabergé egg and a fellow agent's death lead James Bond to uncover an international jewel-smuggling operation, headed by the mysterious Octopussy, being used to disguise a nuclear attack on N.A.T.O. forces. Director: John Glen James Bond heads to The Bahamas to recover two nuclear warheads stolen by SPECTRE agent Emilio Largo in an international extortion scheme. Director: Terence Young Agent 007 and the Japanese secret service ninja force must find and stop the true culprit of a series of spacejackings before nuclear war is provoked. Director: Lewis Gilbert Agent 007 is assigned to hunt for a lost British encryption device and prevent it from falling into enemy hands. Director: John Glen An investigation of a horse-racing scam leads 007 to a mad industrialist who plans to create a worldwide microchip monopoly by destroying California's Silicon Valley. Director: John Glen James Bond investigates the mid-air theft of a space shuttle and discovers a plot to commit global genocide. Director: Lewis Gilbert 007 is sent to stop a diabolically brilliant heroin magnate armed with a complex organization and a reliable psychic tarot card reader. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond investigates the hijacking of British and Russian submarines carrying nuclear warheads with the help of a KGB agent whose lover he killed. Director: Lewis Gilbert James Bond is led to believe that he is targeted by the world's most expensive assassin while he attempts to recover sensitive solar cell technology that is being sold to the highest bidder. Director: Guy Hamilton James Bond is living on the edge to stop an evil arms dealer from starting another world war. Bond crosses all seven continents in order to stop the evil Whitaker and General Koskov. Director: John Glen James Bond willingly falls into an assassination ploy involving a naive Russian beauty in order to retrieve a Soviet encryption device that was stolen by SPECTRE. Director: Terence Young Edit Storyline SPECTRE agents under the command of Ernst Blofeld infiltrate a US air force base situated in the UK and steal two Tomahawk cruise missiles. When NATO is held to ransom, the British reactive their "00" agents and send James Bond to recapture the warheads and kill Blofeld. Written by Dave Jenkins <david.jenkins@smallworld.co.uk> Plot Summary \| Plot Synopsis Plot Keywords: SEAN CONNERY is JAMES BOND in... See more » Genres: 7 October 1983 (USA) See more » Also Known As: 70 mm 6-Track (70 mm prints)\| Dolby Stereo (35 mm prints) (in selected theatres) Color: Did You Know? Trivia Prior to the 2013 settlement between the McClory Estate and MGM & EON Productions, according to the 20-26 October 1997 edition of show-business trade paper 'Variety', characters and situations the late Kevin McClory claimed he exclusively owned included S.P.E.C.T.R.E. and the organisation's octopus logo; Ernst Stavro Blofe	Blackadder - watch tv series streaming online Synopsis Blackadder is the name that encompassed four series of a BBC 1 period British sitcom, along with several one-off instalments. All television episodes starred Rowan Atkinson as anti-hero Edmund Blackadder and Tony Robinson as Blackadder's dogsbody, Baldrick. Each series was set in a different historical period with the two protagonists accompanied by different characters, though several reappear in one series or another, for example Melchett and Lord Flashheart. The first series titled The Black Adder was written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson, while subsequent episodes were written by Curtis and Ben Elton. The shows were produced by John Lloyd. In 2000 the fourth series, Blackadder Goes Forth, ranked at 16 in the "100 Greatest British Television Programmes", a list created by the British Film Institute. Also in the 2004 TV poll to find "Britain's Best Sitcom", Blackadder was voted the second-best British sitcom of all time, topped by Only Fools and Horses. It was also ranked as the 20th-best TV show of all time by Empire magazine. Blackadder - watch online: stream, buy or rent Currently you are able to watch "Blackadder" streaming on Netflix or buy it as download on Apple iTunes, Google Play Movies, Wuaki, Microsoft Store.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,836	How many seats are there in the US Senate?	How Many Senators And Representatives Are There In Congress? How Many Senators And Representatives Are There In Congress? Erin Carson, Lead Analyst Saturday May 7th 2011 Lookup your Senator & Reps There are 100 Senators in the Senate The number of Senators per state remains at two and the total number only changes when a new state is admitted into the union. There are 435 Representatives in the House of Representatives The number of members in the House of Representatives is a different story and is based on population. The process by which seats in the House are distributed to the states is called “Congressional apportionment” and starts with the U.S. Census which is conducted every ten years. The number of seats depends on the population of each state which in turn determines the number of districts. However, every state is constitutionally guaranteed at least one seat no matter how small its population. The number of seats in the House is currently 435. How are state districts determined? According to federal law, the clerk of the House of Representatives is required to notify each state government of the number of seats assigned to represent it in the federal government after the Census is complete. States then have to determine the borders of their congressional districts. Each district must have a population that is approximately equal to all other districts in order to provide that each state has representation that is somewhat proportional to its population. This process is called redistricting. What is redistricting and how does it effect representation? Laws that dictate the method in which states redraw districts are determined by the state's own laws. However, there are some federal guidelines that states must meet when redistricting: - ensure that the population in each district is equal - attempt to create compact and contiguous districts that try to keep political units and communities within a single district. This is mainly to make sure that districts are not divided by other districts. - avoid drawing boundaries for partisan purposes or to create an advantage for the incumbent or specific political parties or groups. In many states the legislatures create the redistricting plans themselves. Five states (Arizona, Hawaii, Idaho, New Jersey, and Washington) give this responsibility to an independent or bipartisan commission in order to reduce the likelihood of political games being played by the state legislature’s majority party. For example, districts can be completely redrawn to include specific races or groups (by using information collecting in the census) that are expected to vote a certain way. This is called gerrymandering and is most likely to occur in the states where the legislatures have the authority to create the new redistricting plans as stated above. This can cause a lot of partisan battling in states where the majority of the legislature and the governor are from different political parties. Gerrymandering can also be used to create new districts for the incumbent when it looks like the incumbent will lose his or her next election. This can be done as long as the incumbent’s main address is located in the new district. Gerrymandering often creates districts with odd shapes in order to incorporate certain demographics. As long as the districts are continuous and not broken apart by bordering districts, the federal government will most likely approve the plans. How long do Senators and Representatives serve? As many of you probably know already, Representatives (and also Senators) can run for an unlimited number of terms, and committee chair positions are not based on merit or the representative’s experience in the area in which the committee specializes in, but instead, it is based on seniority -- those that have served longer. Every two years is considered one Congress (today’s Congress is the 112th Congress. Each year is considered one legislative session. Therefore, we are currently in the first session of the 112th Congress). Do non-states such as Puerto Rico get representation? Fi	General Knowledge #4 - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. General Knowledge #4 Which European capital has a skyline dominated by St Stephen�s cathedral? Vienna Shogi is a Japanese form of which boardgame? Chess Which astronomer discovered the planet Uranus? Herschel, What type of vessel to explore ocean depths was invented in 1947 by Auguste Piccard? Bathyscaphe On the Fahrenheit scale, what temperature is boiling point? 212 degrees, In which US state is the city of Pittsburgh? Pennsylvania, What does someone suffering from dysphagia have difficulty in doing? Swallowing On what date do the French celebrate Bastille Day? 14-Jul Which instrument derives its name from the fact that it can be played soft or loud according to the pressure on the keys? Pianoforte How many players are there in a lacrosse team? 12 Which German tennis player won five successive Grand Slam tournaments in the 1980s? Steffi Graf What is meant by the musical term �andante�? At a moderate tempo Which patron saint of the British Isles does not have his cross on the union flag? David In which ocean does the country of Vanuatu lie? Pacific Which French novelist wrote Madame Bovary? Gustave Flaubert Advertisement Under Genoese control from the 14th century, which Mediterranean island was sold to France in 1768? Corsica In May 1999, who succeeded Benjamin Netanyahu as Israel�s prime minister? Ehud Barak How many dozens are there in a gross? Twelve Carmine is a vivid shade of which colour? Red Which word for the act of killing someone painlessly, especially to relieve suffering, is derived from the Greek for �easy death�? Euthanasia What sort of films are sometimes referred to �horse operas�? Westerns, Which German physicist laid down the principles of quantum theory? Max Planck Which famous sportsman was presented with a gold medal during the 1996 Olympics, to replace the one he threw away in the 1960s? Muhummad Ali Which saint�s day falls on 17 March? Patrick, What is the longest river in France? Loire, In a bullfight, what is a mounted man with a lance called? Picador. What was the first name of the composer Mussorgsky? Modest The Kara Sea is an arm of which ocean? Arctic Who wrote the 1978 novel The Sea, the Sea? Iris Murdoch Which famous UK fashion designer married Andreas Kronthaler in 1992? Vivienne Westwood, Which husband and wife shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics with Henri Becquerel? Pierre and Marie Curie Who wrote Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm? Kate Wiggin In which sport is the James Norris Memorial Trophy awarded? Ice hockey In which European country is the summer and ski resort of Zell am See Austria Who is the patron saint of music? St Cecilia What name is given to the Japanese art of flower arranging Ikebana Of which country did Jean-B�del Bokassa proclaim himself emperor in 1977? Central African Republic Name the walled city in Canada that has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Quebec City What name is given to the fruits of plants of the genus Ficus? Figs Which body of water in Scotland does the Kincardine Bridge span Firth of Forth Which British author wrote The Thirty-Nine Steps? John Buchan In which African country is the resort of Sharm El Sheikh? Egypt, Which Frenchman made the first flight across the English Channel in 1909? Louis Bleriot In which part of the body would you find the organ of Corti? The ear, In which New Mexico city was the atomic bomb developed in the Manhattan Project? Los Alamos Which famous English landscape artist�s works include The Vale of Dedham? John Constable Which novelist wrote The Young Caesar and The Aerodrome? Rex Warner Which Brazilian racing driver was killed at Imola in 1994? Ayrton Senna If something is �clavate� what shape is it? Club-shaped. Which Norwegian painter�s works include The Scream? Edvard Munch Which of the gifts brought by the Magi is also known as olibanum? Frankincense Who was the goddess of youth and spring in Greek mythology? Hebe Which Austrian composer wrote the oratorios The Creation and	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,837	Which musical instrument is associated with jazz musician Kid Ory?	The Legendary Kid - Kid Ory's Creole Jazz Band \| Songs, Reviews, Credits \| AllMusic Kid Ory's Creole Jazz Band google+ AllMusic Review by Scott Yanow One of trombonist Kid Ory 's greatest recordings, this consistently exciting CD features trumpeter Alvin Alcorn , clarinetist Phil Gomez , and a strong rhythm section that includes bassist Wellman Braud and Ory's longtime drummer, Minor Hall . These versions of "Mahogany Hall Stomp," "There'll Be Some Changes Made," "At the Jazz Band Ball," and "Shine" are all gems, giving listeners some of the very best in New Orleans jazz and showing that the music need not be played haltingly by over-the-hill musicians; one can capture its spirit and joy without sacrificing musicianship. Every jazz collection should have this music. Track Listing	WHAT type of musical instrument is a goombay? a) Guitar b) Piano c) Drum. - Chronicle Live WHAT type of musical instrument is a goombay? a) Guitar b) Piano c) Drum. WHAT is the US state capital of Vermont? a) Montpelier b) Gary c) San Jose. Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email WHAT is the US state capital of Vermont? a) Montpelier b) Gary c) San Jose. BLEPHARITIS is the medical term for the inflammation of which part of the body? a) Eyelid b) Finger c) Tongue. WHICH Westerner discovered the Victoria Falls in 1855? a) Christopher Columbus b) David Livingstone c) The Wright Brothers. THE 2003 film Lost in Translation is set in which city? a) New York b) London c) Tokyo. AILUROPHOBIA is a fear of what? a) Dogs b) Sheep c) Cats. GLEN MOY and Autumn Bliss are varieties of which fruit? a) Strawberry b) Raspberry c) Cherry. WHICH British singer’s real name is Thomas Woodward? a) Tom Jones b) Elton John c) Cliff Richard. WHICH English Queen was executed on May 19, 1536? a) Catherine of Aragon b) Jane Seymour c) Anne Boleyn. THE Taj Mahal is situated on the bank of which Indian river? a) Ganges b) Yamuna c) Tiber. ANSWERS: 1c, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6c, 7b, 8a, 9c, 10b. Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,838	In which movie does Sonny & Cher's song 'I Got You Babe' play on nine separate occasions?	Groundhog Day B&B in Woodstock up for sale in Illinois \| Daily Mail Online Now every day can be Groundhog Day! The B&B that was made famous after featuring in the film is up for sale The home in Woodstock, Illinois was originally built in 1894 It went on the market at $895,000, but can now be had for $785,000 In 2008 the house was bought by a couple who turned it into a B&B The couple had no idea that it was famous and featured in the film The town of Woodstock holds Groundhog Day week every November	The Golden Years: 1982 Deaths Music The big hits of 1982 came from The Jam with Town Called Malice, Dexy's Midnight Runners had Come On Eileen, Bucks Fizz with Land of Make Believe, Odyssey did Inside Out, and Adam and the Ants had Goody Two Shoes. German group, Kraftwerk got to #1 with The Model. Paul McCartney & Stevie Wonder had Ebony and Ivory at #1, while Tight Fit revived The Tokens' 1961 hit The Lion Sleeps Tonight. Sting covered Spread A Little Happiness, while Japan covered the old Smokey Robinson and the Miracles classic, I Second That Emotion. 1982 was the year of the “New Romantics”. Posters of Spandau Ballet, Duran Duran, ABC, Haircut 100, Flock Of Seagulls, and Wham, were on the bedroom walls of millions of young girls. Culture Club, led by Boy George, had their first hits, as did Yazoo, Tears For Fears, and Simple Minds. Elton John, Carly Simon, and Marvin Gaye were all back in the charts of 1982, while the Motown record label got a rare 80s number one with I've Never Been To Me by Charlene, that originally flopped when released in 1977. Irene Cara's Fame finally charted in the UK, having been a US hit in 1980. J Geils Band had Centerfold and Freeze Frame, Steve Miller finally got a UK top 10 hit with Abracadabra, as did fellow Americans John Cougar with Jack & Diane, and Survivor with Eye of the Tiger. Toni Basil scored with Mickey, Soft Cell had Torch, Human League had Mirror Man, and 14 years after his #1 with The Equals on Baby Come Back, Eddy Grant was back at #1 with I Don't Wanna Dance. Novelty hits of 1982 came from Renee & Renato with Save Your Love, Seven Tears by The Goombay Dance Band, Nicole—who won Eurovision—with A Little Peace, Trio with Da Da Da, Keith Harris & his duck Orville, Brown Sauce from TV's Swap Shop with I Wanna Be A Winner, and Brat who imitated tennis player John McEnroe's on court tantrums on Chalk Dust (The Umpire Strikes Back). Ex-lead singer of The Damned, Captain Sensible, was the surprise hit of 1982, as his version of Happy Talk hit #1. News Argentina invaded The Falkland Islands. British forces recaptured the islands in June, and Argentina surrendered. Michael Fagin broke into The Queen's bedroom for a chat. Henry VIII's warship, the Mary Rose, was raised from the seabed off Portsmouth. Prince William was born. IRA bombs exploded in parks in London. 20,000 Women circled the American airbase at Greenham Common to protest against the new Cruise missiles. Laker Airways collapsed. The Belfast car firm, DeLorean, went bust. Erika Roe streaked at an England vs Australia match. Mark Thatcher went missing in the Sahara Desert for 3 days. Prince Andrew went on holiday with model Koo Stark. Snow caused chaos in the worst winter for 20 years. 78 were killed, when a Boeing 747 crashed in blizzard conditions in America. Unemployment hit 3 million for the first time since the 1930s. A state of emergency was declared in Nicaragua. Israel invaded the Lebanon. The Iran/Iraq war escalated as Iran's Ayatollah Khomeni called on the Iraqis to rise up and overthrow Saddam Hussein. Plain-clothed police fired on members of the banned Solidarity trade union in Poland. Leader of the union, Lech Wałęsa, was freed after a year in detention. Australians Lindy & Michael Chamberlain went on trial, after claiming their baby was killed by a dingo. Ozzy Osbourne was taken to hospital, after biting the head off a live bat thrown at him during a concert. Actress Sophia Loren was jailed in Italy for tax evasion. Elvis Presley's mansion, Graceland, was opened to the public. Pope John Paul II visited Britain. Paul Weller announced The Jam were splitting up. Michael Jackson released his album Thriller. New in 1982 Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan Blade Runner An Officer and a Gentleman Ghandi	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,839	What is the name for the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, from which Muslims date their era?	Muhammad completes Hegira - Sep 24, 622 - HISTORY.com Muhammad completes Hegira Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 622, the prophet Muhammad completes his Hegira, or “flight,” from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution. In Medina, Muhammad set about building the followers of his religion–Islam–into an organized community and Arabian power. The Hegira would later mark the beginning (year 1) of the Muslim calendar. Muhammad, one of the most influential religious and political leaders in history, was born in Mecca around 570. His father died before he was born, and Muhammad was put under the care of his grandfather, head of the prestigious Hashim clan. His mother died when he was six, and his grandfather when he was eight, leaving him under the care of his uncle Abu Talib, the new head of the clan. When he was 25, Muhammad married a wealthy widow 15 years his senior. He lived the next 15 years as a merchant, and his wife gave birth to six children: two sons, who died in childhood, and four daughters. From time to time, Muhammad spent nights in a cave in Mount Hira north of Mecca, ruminating on the social ills of the city. Around 610, he had a vision in the cave in which he heard the voice of a majestic being, later identified as the angel Gabriel, say to him, “You are the Messenger of God.” Thus began a lifetime of religious revelations, which he and others collected as the Qur’an, or Koran. Muhammad regarded himself as the last prophet of the Judaic-Christian tradition, and he adopted aspects of these older religions’ theologies while introducing new doctrines. Muhammad’s monotheistic religion came to be called Islam, meaning “surrender [to God],” and its followers were Muslims, meaning “those who have surrendered.” His inspired teachings would bring unity to the Arabian peninsula, an event that had sweeping consequences for the rest of the world. By 615, Muhammad had gained about 100 converts in Mecca. He spoke out against rich merchants, who he criticized as immoral in their greed, and he denounced the worshipping of idols and multiple gods, saying, “There is no god but God.” City leaders became hostile to him, and in 619 his uncle Abu Talib died and was succeeded as head of the Hashim clan by another one of Muhammad’s uncles, Abu Lahib. Abu Lahib refused to protect Muhammad, and persecution of the prophet and his Muslims increased. In the summer of 621, an entourage of 12 men came to Mecca from Medina, an oasis community 200 miles to the north. They were ostensibly making a pilgrimage to Mecca’s pagan shrines, but they had actually come to meet with Muhammad and profess themselves as Muslims. In 622, a larger group of converts from Medina came to Mecca and took an oath to Muhammad to defend him as their own kin. Muhammad immediately encouraged his Meccan followers to make their way to Medina in small groups. When city authorities learned that the Muslims had begun an exodus, they plotted to have the prophet killed. Under this threat, Muhammad slipped away unnoticed with a chief disciple and made his way to Medina, using unfrequented paths. He completed the celebrated Hegira (Hijrah in uncorrupted Arabic) on September 24, 622. The history of Islam had begun. At Medina, Muhammad built a theocratic state and led raids on trading caravans from Mecca. Attempts by Meccan armies to defeat the Muslim forces failed, and several leading Meccans immigrated to Medina and became Muslims. Muhammad later become more conciliatory to Mecca, and in 629 he was allowed to lead a pilgrimage there in exchange for a peace treaty. Shortly after, he was attacked by allies of the Meccans, and Muhammad denounced the treaty. In January 630, he returned to his birthplace with 10,000 men, and the Meccans swore allegiance to its Muslim conquerors. He was now the strongest man in Arabia. During the next few years, most of the peninsula’s disparate Arab tribes came to him to ask for alliance and to convert to his religion. By his death, on June 8, 632, Muhammad was the effective ruler of most of Arabia, and his rapidly growing empire was poised for	Why Michelle Came Home : snopes.com Why Michelle Came Home Why Michelle Came Home Did Barack Obama's status as a Muslim prevent his wife from traveling with him to Islamic countries? - - Claim: Barack Obama's status as a Muslim prevented his wife from traveling with him to Islamic countries in April 2009. FALSE Examples: [Collected via e-mail, May 2009] This is a conversation between a friend of mine and two Arabs in Gainesville on May 2. We have always heard that once a Muslim always a Muslim, and it must still be true. I was at Blockbusters on Saturday renting videos, and I was going along the wall and there was a video called "Obama". I told the men next to me that I wouldn't waste my time. We talked about Obama. These guys were Arabs and I asked them why they thought Michele Obama headed home following her visit in France instead of traveling on to Saudi Arabia and Turkey with her husband. They said she couldn't go to Saudi Arabia, Turkey or Iraq. I said, "Laura Bush went to Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Dubai." They said that Obama is a Muslim and by Muslim law he would not be allowed to bring his wife into the countries that accept Sharia Law. Just thought it was interesting that the Arabs at Blockbusters accept the idea that we're being led by a Muslim who follows the Islamic creed. They also said that's the reason he bowed to the King of Saudi Arabia. It was a signal to the Muslim world. Just thought you would like to know. Sheppard Smith, Fox News. "If you check President Obama's last trip overseas, his wife left just after their visit to France. She has yet to accompany him to any Arab country. Think about it. Why is Michelle returning to the states when 'official' trips to foreign countries generally include the First Lady." Here's one thought on the matter. While in a Blockbuster renting videos, I came across a video called "Obama". There were two men standing next to me and we talked about President Obama. These guys were Arabs, so I asked them why they thought Michelle Obama headed home following the President's recent visit to France instead of traveling on to Saudi Arabia and Turkey with her husband. They told me she could not go to Saudi Arabia, Turkey or Iraq ..... I said "Why not? Laura Bush went to Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Dubai." They said that Obama is a Muslim and therefore, he is not allowed to bring his wife into countries that adhere to Sharia Law. Origins: There are several ways the above-quoted anonymous account of an encounter with anonymous Arabs at an unidentified Blockbuster video store could be debunked, starting with the fact that its premise is false: Barack Obama is not a Muslim . That fact aside, the central claims of this account are still demonstrably false: The gist of this message claims that during Barack Obama's first major foreign trip as President of the United States in April 2009, his wife Michelle did not accompany him for the full duration of his visit abroad because the itinerary included Islamic countries governed by sharia law into which he, as a Muslim, was prohibited from bringing the First Lady. But President Obama did not visit any sharia law-governed countries during that trip. The countries to which President Obama traveled during his foreign visit were France, the UK, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Turkey. Of those five nations, the only one with a predominantly Islamic population is Turkey, and that country is governed by secular law, not Islamic sharia law. President Obama did not visit Saudi Arabia during that trip as claimed; he met with King Abdullah at the G20 economic summit in London, not in Saudi Arabia. (President Obama did eventually go to Saudi Arabia, but only as part of a separate trip undertaken two months after the one referenced in the e-mail quoted above.) Sharia law varies slighty with region and custom, but in general it includes no provisions that would prohibit a woman from accompanying her husband (Muslim or otherwise) on a visit to a sharia law-governed country, As a visiting government official, a President of United	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,840	In the Bible who was the long lived son of Enoch mentioned in Genesis?	Enoch in the Bible Was the Man Who Walked With God By Jack Zavada Updated June 15, 2016. Enoch holds a rare distinction in the Bible: He did not die. Instead, God "took him away." Scripture does not reveal much about this remarkable man. We find his story in Genesis 5, in a long list of the descendants of Adam . Enoch Walked With God Only a short sentence, "Enoch walked faithfully with God," in Genesis 5:22 and repeated in Genesis 5:24 reveals why he was so special to his Creator. In this wicked period before the Flood , most men did not walk faithfully with God. They walked their own path, the crooked way of sin . Enoch did not keep silent about the sin around him. Jude says Enoch prophesied about those evil people: "See, the Lord is coming with thousands upon thousands of his holy ones to judge everyone, and to convict all of them of all the ungodly acts they have committed in their ungodliness, and of all the defiant words ungodly sinners have spoken against him." (Jude 1:14-15, NIV ) Enoch walked in faith the 365 years of his life, and that made all the difference. No matter what happened, he trusted God. He obeyed God. God loved Enoch so much he spared him the experience of death. Hebrews 11, that great Faith Hall of Fame passage, says Enoch's faith pleased God: For before he was taken, he was commended as one who pleased God. And without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him. (Hebrews 11:5-6, NIV ) What happened to Enoch? The Bible gives few details, other than to say: "...then he was no more, because God took him away." (Genesis 5:24, NIV) Only one other person in Scripture was honored this way: the prophet Elijah . God took that faithful servant to heaven in a whirlwind ( 2 Kings 2:11 ). Enoch's great-grandson, Noah , also "walked faithfully with God" ( Genesis 6:9 ). Because of his righteousness , only Noah and his family were spared in the Great Flood . Enoch's Accomplishments Enoch was a loyal follower of God. He told the truth despite opposition and ridicule. Enoch's Strengths Children: Methuselah , unnamed sons and daughters. Great-grandson: Noah Key Verses Genesis 5:22-23 After he became the father of Methuselah, Enoch walked faithfully with God 300 years and had other sons and daughters. Altogether, Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (NIV) Genesis 5:24 Enoch walked faithfully with God; then he was no more, because God took him away. (NIV) Hebrews 11:5 By faith Enoch was taken from this life, so that he did not experience death: "He could not be found, because God had taken him away." For before he was taken, he was commended as one who pleased God . (NIV)	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,841	The Russo Japanese War of 1904-1905 ended when the Russian Fleet under Rozhdestvensky was defeated at the Battle of Tsushima by a fleet led by whom?	Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity. - Documents Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity. Share Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity. Embed <iframe src="http://docslide.us/embed/japanese-sea-power-a-maritime-nations-struggle-for-identity.html" width="750" height="600" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;" allowfullscreen> </iframe> <div style="margin-bottom:5px"> <strong> <a href="http://docslide.us/documents/japanese-sea-power-a-maritime-nations-struggle-for-identity.html" title="Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity." target="_blank">Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity.</a></div> size(px) Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity. by ozzaib A short history of the development of Japan's naval tradition Download Japanese Sea Power - A maritime nation.s struggle for identity. Transcript F OU NDAT I ONS OF I NT E RNAT I ONA L T H I NK ING ON SEA POWER No. 2 A MARITIME NATION’S STRUGGLE FOR IDENTITY JAPANESE S EA P OW ER NAO K O S A J I M A A N D K YO I C H I TAC H I K AWA JAPANESE SEA POWER A M A R I T I M E N ATI O N ’ S S T RU G G L E F O R I D E N T I T Y © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2009 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, and with standard source credit included, no part may be reproduced without written permission. Enquiries should be addressed to the Director, Sea Power Centre — Australia, Department of Defence, Canberra ACT 2600. National Library of Australian Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Japanese Sea Power: A Maritime Nation’s Struggle for Identity Sajima, N (Naoko), 1959 -. Tachikawa, K (Kyoichi), 1966 -. ISSN 1835-7679 ISBN 978-0-642-29705-1 JAPANESE SEA POWER A M A R I T I M E N ATI O N ’ S S T RU G G L E F O R I D E N T I T Y by Naoko Sajima and Kyochi Tachikawa Sea Power Centre – Australia Disclaimer The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Government of Australia, the Department of Defence and the Royal Australian Navy. In addition, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Government of Japan, the Ministry of Defense, or the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. The Commonwealth of Australia will not be legally responsible in contract, tort or otherwise for any statement made in this publication. Sea Power Centre – Australia The Sea Power Centre — Australia (SPC-A), was established to undertake activities to promote the study, discussion and awareness of maritime issues and strategy within the RAN and the Defence and civil communities at large. The mission of the SPC-A is: • to promote understanding of sea power and its application to the security of Australia’s national interests • to manage the development of RAN doctrine and facilitate its incorporation into ADF joint doctrine • to contribute to regional engagement • within the higher Defence organisation, contribute to the development of maritime strategic concepts and strategic and operational level doctrine, and facilitate informed force structure decisions • to preserve, develop, and promote Australian naval history. Comment on this Paper or any enquiry related to the activities of the Sea Power Centre – Australia should be directed to: Director Sea Power Centre – Australia Department of Defence Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Telephone: Facsimile: Email: Internet: +61 2 6127 6512 +61 2 6127 6519 seapower.centre@defence.gov.au www.navy.gov.au/spc iv Foundations of I nternational Th inking ON Sea P ower The Foundations of International Thinking on Sea Power series is a refereed publication that reflects original research, both historical and contemporary, on how various States perceive the necessity for, and the	Russo-Japanese War : Wikis (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics The Great Game Did you know ... the Russian armored cruiser Rossia (pictured) became the first warship to use an aerial device on the high seas during a time of war when she flew an observation balloon in May 1904 during the Russo-Japanese War ? the Russo-Japanese War vintage Japanese cruiser Yakumo (pictured) was the only warship in the Imperial Japanese Navy (aside from prizes-of-war ) to have been built in Germany ? many of the remaining willows of the Willow Palisade were cut by the Russian and Japanese troops during the Russo-Japanese War ? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Russo–Japanese War 8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905 Location Tōgō Heihachirō Strength 500,000 800,000 Casualties and losses 47, 400 killed 146,032 wounded 12,128 died of disease. [1] 47,152 killed 11,424 died of wounds [2] 20,000 Chinese dead Russo-Japanese War 1st Port Arthur – Chemulpo Bay – Yalu River – Nanshan – Telissu – Motien Pass – Tashihchiao – Hsimucheng – Yellow Sea – Ulsan – 2nd Port Arthur – Liaoyang – Shaho – Sandepu – Mukden – Tsushima The Russo–Japanese War ( Japanese : 日露戦争; Romaji : Nichi-Ro Sensō; Russian : Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna; simplified Chinese : 日俄战争 ; traditional Chinese : 日俄戰爭 ; pinyin : Rìézhànzhēng, 10 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) or the Manchurian Campaign in some English sources,[citation needed] was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea . The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden , the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea . The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port [3] on the Pacific Ocean , for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The recently established Pacific seaport of Vladivostok was only operational during the summer season, but Port Arthur would be operational all year. From the end of the First Sino-Japanese War and 1903, negotiations between the Tsar 's government and Japan had proved futile. Japan chose war to maintain exclusive dominance in Korea. The resulting campaigns, in which the fledgling Japanese military consistently attained victory over the Russian forces arrayed against them, were unexpected by world observers. These victories, as time transpired, would dramatically transform the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. The embarrassing string of defeats inflamed the Russian people's dissatisfaction with their inefficient and corrupt Tsarist government, and proved a major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905 . Contents 9 External links Origins of the Russo-Japanese war After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the Meiji government embarked on an endeavor to assimilate Western ideas, technological advances and customs. By the late 19th century, Japan had emerged from isolation and transformed itself into a modernized industrial state in a remarkably short time. The Japanese wished to preserve their sovereignty and to be recognized as an equal with the Western powers. Russia, a major Imperial power, had ambitions in the East. By the 1890s it had extended its realm across Central Asia to Afghanistan , absorbing local states in the process. The Russian Empire stretched from Poland in the west to the Kamchatka peninsula in the East [4] . With its construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway to the port of Vladivostok , Russia hoped to further consolidate its influence and presence in the region. This was precisely what Japan feared, as they regarded Korea (and to a lesser extent Manchuria) as a protective buffer. Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) Main article: First Sino-Japanese War The Japanese government regarded	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,842	The island of Lampedusa belongs to which European country?	Lampedusa: the Gate of Europe - OneEurope Lampedusa: the Gate of Europe The vibrant multicultural artistic scene of the island of Lampedusa - the positive effects of cross-cultural encounter 24 Oct 2013 \| tags: Europe , Italy , integration , Culture , refugees , Lampedusa and illegal immigration "La porta d'Europa", work of the artist Mimmo Paladino. After the last tragic shipwreck of migrants, Europe and the rest of the world discovered the existence of the little island of Lampedusa . Nowadays inhabitants of Lampedusa are called to face a big challenge: to overcome their isolated status and to open up to a likely integration process. Integration is not easy, of course, but it could be a good stimulus for Lampedusa, and lead to excellent cultural results. But the question is: is it really possible for a “lost rock” in the middle of the sea to become a meeting point for different cultures and art expressions? Can Lampedusa become a inter-socio-cultural hub between the North and South sides of the Mediterranean Sea ? While the majority of Europeans consider the shipwreck on 3rd October just a single tragic episode, for all Lampedusani (the inhabitants of Lampedusa), it was an almost daily tragic event. As a matter of facts, shipwrecks began more than ten years ago, when migration fluxes started to flood the southern area of the Mediterranean Sea , but in all these years nobody has really paid attention to that issue. If Italian politics were too occupied in approving a couple of discriminatory bills against immigrants, the rest of Europe ignored the situation, following the idea that every country should solve its own problems. In this way, inhabitants of Lampedusa and Sicily have been left to solve the matter of migration by themselves, although migration is not just an Italian issue, since there are important migratory fluxes towards many other European countries. In all Europe only Malta risks the same problems in the same way as Lampedusa. In fact, sometimes there are diplomatic incidents between Malta Malta have difficulties in deciding the local competence of receiving migrants. There are many different causes that provoke migration fluxes, but the political crisis which afflicts many countries in Africa and in the Middle East has worsened the situation. It is not so easy to find working solutions for migration problems and difficulties, but history taught us that culture and education can be a positive way to make people meet and get to know each other, enriching the culture of the local area, too. Inhabitants of Lampedusa don’t want to be regarded as “pitiful” just because of the situation in which they have been involved. But at the same time Lampedusani want to live a normal life, without forgetting those tragedies, but without fishing corpses as well. Those sea tragedies sensitized different artists and creative people, who felt the necessity to express themselves and create something for the inhabitants of the island, stimulating people of different cultures to accept and integrate each other. For this reason the little island of Lampedusa could take advantage of the mass migration and its positive consequences to become a good example for the rest of Europe . But before continuing with the article, it would be better to give some information about Lampedusa. The Italian Island is the largest one of the Pelagies, an archipelago in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea (very close to Malta) and it belongs to the Autonomous Region of Sicily (province of Agrigento). Lampedusa is the town hall of its municipality, which includes all the three islands of the archipelago (for a total of 6.304 inhabitants). This archipelago is closer to the African coasts rather than to the Italian ones. Distances: Lampedusa-Tunisia: 127 km . In the last years the culture sector has been increasingly developed in Lampedusa, creating events, founding institutions, promoting works of art. All of them have been created with the same aim: to enrich the culture of the island, supporting immigrants and local inhabitants. Askavusa: Cultural	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: 4th November The Questions Macclesfield Pub Quiz League Set by The Lamb Inn ART & ENTERTAINMENT 1. Q. Offenbach’s barcarolle from ‘The Tales of Hoffman’ is a famous piece of music, but what is a barcarolle ? A. A BOATING SONG (Accept any reference to boats). 2. Q. Which Gilbert & Sullivan operetta contains the song generally known as ‘A Policeman’s lot is not a happy one’ ? A. THE PIRATES OF PENZANCE. 3. Q. Which TV presenter is the daughter of Newspaper Editor and Columnist Eve Pollard ? A. CLAUDIA WINKELMAN. 4. Q. Who created the statue of ‘St.Michael’s victory over the Devil’ on Coventry Cathedral ? A. JACOB EPSTEIN. 5. Q. Which artist painted the work entitled ‘Guernica’ ? A. PABLO PICASSO. 6. Q. In the TV series ‘Inspector Morse’, who wrote the theme tune ? A. BARRINGTON PHELOUNG 7. Q. Mark McManus of ‘Taggart’ fame had a famous singing half-brother. Who is he ? A. BRIAN CONNOLLY (Lead singer of The Sweet). 8. Q. Who composed the music for the films ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’ and ‘The Mission’ ? A. ENNIO MORRICONE. (a) Q. Which piece of music preceded TV’s ‘The Lone Ranger’ ? A. THE WILLIAM TELL OVERTURE (Giaochino Rossini) (b) Q. Who is the mother of actress Joely Richardson ? A. VANESSA REDGRAVE. (c) Q. In which play does Mrs. Malaprop appear ? A. THE RIVALS (by Sheridan) 1) What is the capital of Croatia ? (A) Zagreb 2) Which river runs through Leicester ? (A) Soar 3) What is described as : a U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water ? (A) Ox Bow Lake 4) What is the largest lake in Europe ? (A) Lake Lagoda (14th largest in the world.) 5) What is a line on a map or chart joining points of equal height or depth called ? (A) Contour 6) Which city is the capital of Canada ? (A) Ottawa 7) Which river runs through Ipswich ? (A) Orwell 8) Yosemite National Park is in which US State ? (A) California SUPPLEMENTARIES (a) Greenland belongs to which country ? (A) Denmark. (b) In which country are the largest waterfalls measured by flow-rate in Europe ? (A) Switzerland (Rhine falls) 1. Q. Which statesman married Miss Clementine Hosier in 1908 ? A. WINSTON CHURCHILL. 2. Q. Who founded The National Viewers & Listeners Association in 1965 ? A. MARY WHITEHOUSE. 3. Q. In which year did the first human heart transplant take place ? A. 1967 (allow 1966-1968). 4. Q. Where was Princess Elizabeth staying when she was given the news of her accession to the throne in 1558 ? A. HATFIELD HOUSE in Hertfordshire. 5. Q. Give a year in the life of Ivan the Terrible. A. 1530 – 1584 6. Q. The Rolls Royce ‘Thrust Measuring Rig’ developed in the 1950’s took off vertically, but what was its nickname ? A. THE FLYING BEDSTEAD. 7. Q. Whose London monument by Edward Bailey is guarded by Edwin Landseer’s lions? A. NELSON 8. Q. What, infamously, happened at Yekaterinburg on July 17th 1918 ? A. THE ASSASINATION OF THE RUSSIAN ROYAL FAMILY (THE ROMANOVS) (a) Q. What was the code-name for planned German invasion of Britain ? A. OPERATION SEA LION. (b) Q. What is the connection between a large fish-eating bird and Drake’s ship ? A. PELICAN (Name of Drakes ship before becoming The Golden Hind). SCIENCE 1. Q. What is the tradename of the Du Pont synthetic fibre of high-tensile strength used mainly in rubber products, notably tyres and bullet-proof vests ? A. KEVLAR. 2. Q. In astronomy, where would you find the ‘Cassini Division’ ? A. SATURNS RINGS. 3. Q. As a percentage, what is the average salinity of sea water ? A. 3.5% (accept 3% to 4%) 4. Q. What name is given to static discharges visible on aircraft wing tips and the tops of ships masts ? A. ST. ELMO’S FIRE. 5. Q. In what device in the home would you find a magnetron ? A. MICROWAVE OVEN. 6. Q. Traditionally, how have teachers always used sticks of calcium sulphate ? A. BLACKBOARD CHALK. 7. Q. Why is sodium carbonate sometimes added to a water supply ? A. TO REDUCE NATURAL HARDNESS. 8. Q. Which element is common to all acids ? A. HYDROGEN. (a) Q. By what name is deuterium oxide also kn	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,843	Who was the first Suffragette martyr?	Emily Davison: was she really a suffragette martyr? - Telegraph Women's Politics Emily Davison: was she really a suffragette martyr? One hundred years after suffragette Emily Davison flung herself under the king’s horse at the Derby, Germaine Greer argues against celebrating her 'destructive' act. Fatal fall: Emily Davison collides with Anmer Photo: Alamy By Germaine Greer Comments On June 4 2013 we commemorate the centenary of the heroic actions of Emily Wilding Davison, who is generally believed to have given her life for the cause of women’s suffrage. Clearly, an event as spectacular as her walking onto the Epsom racecourse during the running of the Derby and into the path of the king’s horse is unlikely to be forgotten. It was certainly never forgotten by Herbert Jones, the horse’s unfortunate jockey, who said more than once that he was haunted by the sight of her face before his horse cannoned into her; in 1951 he committed suicide. The horse somersaulted, throwing Jones on his head and severely injuring Davison, who died without regaining consciousness four days later. A racing plate said to have been worn in the race by the horse, a colt called Anmer, is preserved in the National Horseracing Museum in Newmarket. The suffragettes made great theatre of Davison’s funeral. The coffin was brought back to Victoria Station and taken in procession through streets lined with people to St George’s, Bloomsbury. The 6,000 women who attended the service were asked to dress either “in black carrying purple irises, [or] in purple with crimson peonies, [or] in white bearing laurel wreaths… Graduates and clergy marched in their robes, suffrage societies, trade unionists from the East End. The streets were densely lined by silent, respectful crowds. The great public responded to a life deliberately given for an impersonal end.” So wrote Sylvia Pankhurst, who apparently had no doubt that Davison’s death was of her own seeking. Davison’s apparent self-sacrifice did not bring the extending of the franchise to women one step nearer. Women in New Zealand had secured the right to vote 20 years earlier, without smashing a single window or frightening a single horse. Women had been able to vote in federal elections in Australia since 1901 and most of the states either had already granted or were in the process of granting Australian women the right to vote in state elections. South Australia had already granted women the right to stand for election to the state parliament. But Britain was a different matter. The National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies had been in existence since 1897, working methodically towards a constitutional reform, but successive British governments simply ignored them. In 1903, Emmeline Pankhurst set up the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), with no intention of allowing it to be ignored. When a huge demonstration in Hyde Park in June 1908 drew no response from Herbert Asquith’s government, the WSPU embarked on a campaign of violent protest, smashing windows in Downing Street and chaining themselves to railings. The women involved were arrested and convicted. They demanded to be treated as political prisoners and went on hunger strikes, only to be brutally restrained and force-fed. A bill to give women the vote passed its first reading in the Commons, only for Asquith to dither. A public protest by the WSPU in November 1910 was suppressed with a savagery that shocked all observers. A year later the Conciliation Bill was still not law, and the WSPU stepped up its campaign of stone-throwing and arson. The motto was “Deeds not Words”, and that is the epitaph on Davison’s tombstone in the graveyard of St Mary the Virgin, Morpeth. On the face of it, “Deeds not Words” has a sort of heroic ring, but when the deeds are stone-throwing and arson the slogan can be seen to be more effective at placing the perpetrator in jeopardy than in persuading others of the rightness of the cause. In 1913 the attacks of the WSPU on property became more violent; buildings were bombed and burned, letter boxes set on fire,	"Tweedland" The Gentlemen's club: Noor Inayat Khan ... The Spy Princess Monday, 14 January 2013 Noor Inayat Khan ... The Spy Princess Tribute to an Indian princess who died for our freedom: Sculpture unveiled of spy tortured and executed by Nazis after refusing to betray Britain Noor Inayat Khan was one of Churchill's elite band of women spies Spy was the first radio operator to aid the French Resistence Despite being tortured and interrogated by Gestapo she never gave up her loyalty to Britain Shot by firing squad in 1944, Noor's last word was 'Liberte' By DAVID WILKES in http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2230082/Noor-Inayat-Khan-Statue-unveiled-commemorate-Britains-Muslim-war-heroine.html PUBLISHED: 8 November 2012 A beautiful Indian princess, she sacrificed her life for Britain as a wartime secret agent. With astonishing courage, Noor Inayat Khan evaded the Gestapo before being betrayed, tortured and, after refusing to reveal any information, executed at Dachau concentration camp. Her last word as the firing squad raised their weapons on September 13, 1944, was 'liberté'. Yesterday, seven decades after her death aged 30, a statue to the forgotten heroine was unveiled in London by the Princess Royal. The bronze bust commemorating Britain’s only female Muslim war heroine is the first stand-alone memorial to an Asian woman in the UK. It stands in Gordon Square near the house where Noor lived and from where she left on her last mission, unable to tell her mother she might never return. Princess Anne said stories such as Noor’s are ‘remarkable in their own right’ but have a real connection to make with the modern age through their ‘multi-cultural aspect’. She hoped the statue will 'remind people to ask: Who was she? Why is she here? And what can we achieve in her memory?' Noor was part of an elite band of women in the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the first woman radio operator to be flown into occupied France to aid the Resistance. Born in Moscow to an Indian father and an American mother, Noor was a descendant of Tipu Sultan, the 18th century ruler of Mysore. The family lived in London, moving to Paris when Noor was six. She studied the harp, gained a degree in child psychology and wrote children’s stories. When Paris fell to the Nazis in 1940, she returned to London and volunteered for the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force. Recruited by the SOE in 1942, she was sent to Paris in June 1943 with the codename Madeleine. Many members of the network were soon arrested, but Noor chose to remain in France, trying to send messages back to London while avoiding capture. That October she was betrayed by a Frenchwoman and arrested by the Gestapo. She was kept in chains and in solitary confinement. Her captors kicked and interrogated her but she revealed nothing. When posthumously awarded the George Cross, Britain’s highest civilian decoration, for her gallantry in 1949, the citation read: 'She refused to abandon what had become the principal and most dangerous post in France, although given the opportunity to return to England, because she did not wish to leave her French comrades without communications.' Noor was one of only three women in the SOE to be awarded the medal. The other two – Violette Szabo and Odette Hallowes – have been more widely known and celebrated until now. Campaigners spent years raising £60,000 for Noor’s statue, by London-based artist Karen Newman, from public donations and enlisted the support of politicians including David Cameron, who said it was ‘impossible not to be moved’ by her bravery. Shrabani Basu who wrote a biography of Noor in 2006 called 'Spy Princess' and spearheaded the campaign to get her formally recognised, said: 'I realised how much Noor's story had touched ordinary people, especially the young. 'I felt it was all the more important to remember Noor's message, her ideals and her courage in the troubled times we live in.' Noor's brother Hidayat Inayat Khan, 95, was unable to travel from his home in The Hague, Netherlands, to attend the ceremony due to old age but said in a	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,844	"""Jane, the diary of a bright young thing"", was a cartoon strip that first appeared in Britain in 1932, in which daily newspaper?"	Death of 'Jane', the model who helped win war - Telegraph Death of 'Jane', the model who helped win war By David Graves 12:00AM GMT 08 Dec 2000 THE model who became a wartime sweetheart when she portrayed Jane, one of Britain's most enduring cartoon characters, has died from cancer. The cartoon character Jane was once described by Winston Churchill as the country's secret weapon Christabel Leighton-Porter was the public face of Jane, once described by Winston Churchill as the country's secret weapon, and toured music halls portraying the character for the troops. While the Jane comic heroine appeared six days a week in the Daily Mirror, Mrs Leighton-Porter appeared in public playing the character and went on to star in the 1949 film The Adventures of Jane. Her career was revived during the 40th anniversary of the Battle of Britain in 1980. Two years later the BBC produced a television cartoon series based on Jane and another feature film followed in 1988 called Jane and the Lost City. Mrs Leighton-Porter used her new popularity to attend airfield and squadron reunions, war anniversaries and functions at the Imperial War Museum. Related Articles Jane was created in 1932 by the cartoonist Norman Pett when Jane's Journal, the Diary of a Bright Young Thing first appeared in the Daily Mirror. As war broke out, Jane, who was modelled after Pett's wife, shed more and more clothes, thus keeping up the morale of British troops abroad. Christabel Leighton-Porter It was said that the more the cartoon character stripped, the further the soldiers advanced. Mrs Leighton-Porter was born in the early 1920s but always refused to disclose her age, referring to it as "57 plus VAT". She was a former swimming champion who entered beauty contests, winning the Miss Great Britain title and becoming Venus of Kent. After leaving school she modelled for life classes at art colleges before being spotted by Pett and asked to become the public face of Jane. The comic heroine was adopted as the RAF's mascot and Mrs Leighton-Porter toured the country in a revue show called Jane in the Mirror. As in the cartoon Jane had to lose as many clothes as was legally possible. When she married her husband Arthur, an RAF pilot, at the end of the war, the wedding had to be kept secret so her legion of admirers would not be disappointed. When the Mirror later tried to axe the cartoon strip, the newspaper's telephone switchboard was jammed with readers complaining about the decision, which was reversed. In 1948, Pett's assistant Michael Hubbard, took over the cartoon. Jane's popularity waned and the cartoon was dropped in 1959. In the late 1960s Mrs Leighton-Porter, who lived in Horsham, West Sussex, went to live in Bermuda for three years before returning to Sussex to bring up her son, Simon, now 43. Her husband said yesterday: "She was a very glamorous woman who led a very interesting life. She will be missed by an incredible amount of people."	Blondie (Comic Strip) - TV Tropes WMG One of the longest-running (from September 8, 1930) and most popular Newspaper Comics of all time, and still fairly funny even after all this time, Blondie stars Dagwood Bumstead, a bog-standard salaryman with a strange haircut, one button on his shirt, and a love of monstrous sandwiches. He is Happily Married to Blondie , who runs a popular delicatessen and catering establishment. Their children are Alexander, who mimics his father in terms of hairstyle, and Cookie, who resembles her mother. The household is rounded out by the family dog, Daisy. Other recurring characters are Mean Boss J.C. Dithers, Mouthy Kid Elmo, neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, mailman Mr. Beasley, Dagwood's fellow carpoolers, and the chef at the local diner. Pretty much a Slice of Life comic at this point, the characters have been stuck at the same age since the early 1950s . Dagwood was originally heir to the Bumstead Locomotive fortune, but was disowned when he married a flapper (originally known as Blondie Boopadoop) whom his family saw as below his class. He has since worked hard at J.C. Dithers & Company (currently as the construction company's office manager) to support his family. 80 years have severely eroded the original Fish out of Water aspect of his character. Blondie's creator, Murat "Chic" Young, continued to write and draw the strip until his death in 1973, after which his son Dean took over in collaboration with a succession of artists (currently John Marshall). Derivative works include a series of comedy films (and long-running radio series) starring Arthur Lake and Penny Singleton, two single-season sitcoms (produced in 1957 and 1968), and two animated TV specials in the late 80s (from Marvel Productions, who had worked with King Features earlier on Defenders of the Earth ). Not to be confused with the band . This comic provides examples of: Adorkable : Dagwood is this to some extent. Until recent years this focused on his clumsiness, but now centers on his social awkwardness.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,845	In which French cathedral were the kings of France crowned until 1825?	The 5 Greatest Cathedrals in France - Europe Up Close Europe Up Close The 5 Greatest Cathedrals in France Published/Revised June 14, 2014 By Marilyn McFarlane This post may contain affiliate links. Share It is difficult to choose the 5 greatest cathedrals in France, but those listed here seem to me to be the most impressive. Whatever your views, there’s no denying the significance of cathedrals in France. To believers, a cathedral is a sacred, holy place of worship. Others may see a treasure house of fabulous art, a symbol of oppression and ostentatious wealth, or simply another historic monument. Rouen Cathedral by Monet in 1894 A Catholic cathedral is the center of a diocese and bishop’s seat (that’s what makes it different from a church), and so it tends to be big and ornate, illustrating God’s glory and the Church’s power. All these that I have listed are dedicated to Notre Dame (the mother of Jesus) and all but one are free to enter, with fees charged to ascend the towers. Notre Dame de Paris This Gothic cathedral in the heart of Paris is the most visited monument in France, with 13 million visitors a year. With construction beginning in 1163, it was finally completed about 1345, and there have been a good many renovations since then. In 1793, anti-religious revolutionaries destroyed sculptures and treasures and dedicated the building to the Cult of Reason, with Lady Liberty replacing the Virgin Mary. A few years later, a builder planned to demolish it and use the stones for housing. Napoleon Bonaparte saved it and had himself crowned emperor there, but it was the author Victor Hugo who created real interest in restoration. His 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame (in French, Notre Dame de Paris), sparked a public demand, and full restoration began in 1845. In recent times, between 1991 and 2001, further work preserved and cleaned the historic architecture and colors. Notre Dame de Paris, now owned by the state and a World Heritage Site, is 128 meters (420 feet) long, with two towers 69 meters (226 feet) high, and a spire. Several rose windows glow with exquisite medieval stained glass; one was the biggest window in the world when it was made. There’s a lot to admire here: statues of ancient kings of Israel, the famous flying buttresses and gargoyles, the intricate carvings, and the 28,000-pound bell. The cathedral is not only a tourist attraction, it’s an active church with Mass, chanting and music performed on a regular basis. It’s a dazzling sight any time of day, and at night it glows under colored lights. Tip: Visit on a weekday morning or evening to avoid the greatest crowds and waiting lines. Hours: 8 a.m. – 6:45 p.m, 7:15 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. Guided tours in English, 2 p.m. Wednesday and Thursday, 2:30 Saturday. Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres The awe-inspiring cathedral in Chartres, southwest of Paris, was constructed between 1193 and 1250. It was the first to use flying buttresses and is considered to be one of the finest examples of French High Gothic architecture, among other claims to fame. The cathedral is very well preserved; most of the original stained glass windows are intact, and there have been only minor changes to the architecture since the early 13th century. The Chartres cathedral is worth a visit for the stained glass windows alone. They are magical – 2500 square meters of scenes made from bits of vividly colored glass. And there’s more: two spires of different styles, hundreds of sculpted figures, soaring arches, a relic of the Virgin Mary’s tunic, and a labyrinth set in the floor of the nave. If you want to walk the labyrinth, come on a Friday, the only day the chairs are cleared away. Hours: 8:30 a.m. – 7:30 p.m. daily. Cathédrale Notre-Dame d’Amiens Amiens Cathedral Illuminated This classic Gothic cathedral, in Picardy, is the largest in France of its kind. It’s a stunning piece of 13th-century architecture, very long and narrow, with slim pillars in an elegant nave that reaches as high as 42.3 meters (139 feet) and a width of 14.6 meters (48 feet). Open arcades and large wi	Place de la Concorde in Paris, \| Expedia Place de la Concorde Place de la Concorde, current page Previous image, 18 total items. Next image, 18 total items. Place de la Concorde See this handsome public square, where more than 1,300 people, including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, were executed during France’s grisly Reign of Terror. Place de la Concorde is the largest public square in Paris. Note the two impressively decorative fountains and the giant Egyptian obelisk at its center, making it an attractive public space and a prime spot for taking photos. The square was originally named Place Louis XV and featured an equestrian statue of the eponymous monarch. During the French Revolution, the statue was torn down and the square was renamed Place de la Révolution. Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Robespierre and another 1,300 people were guillotined here in the years following the revolution. In 1795, the square was given its current name in an effort to leave the turmoil of its past behind. Look for the 76-foot (23-meter) Egyptian obelisk at the center of the square. Hieroglyphs adorn the structure, which is over 3,000 years old. These hieroglyphs depict events from the reign of Ramses II and Ramses III. Gaze skyward to see a golden pyramid at the top. This was added in 1998 to replace the original gold cap, believed to have been pilfered in ancient times. Check out the two fountains on the north and south ends of the square, both designed by German-born architect Jakob Ignaz Hittorff. The north fountain is devoted to rivers, with figures symbolizing the Rhine and the Rhône. The south fountain celebrates the seas, with figures representing the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. Look for the statues dotted around the edge of the square. These represent major French cities, including Lyon, Bordeaux and Nantes. Sit on the edge of the fountains and people-watch or take some photos, using the stately buildings as a backdrop. Among the most attractive structures in the square are the Hôtel de Crillon and the identical Hôtel de la Marine, headquarters of the French Navy. Separated by the rue Royale, these two buildings were originally commissioned by Louis XV to be used as palaces. Place de la Concorde is served by the Concorde metro station. It can be reached on foot by walking in a westerly direction from the Louvre or by walking east along the Champs-Élysées. Explore More of Paris	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,846	What is the common name for the plant Iberis?	Iberis sempervirens Iberis sempervirens Groundcover , Perennials Comment: Good for accent areas; cut candytuft back severely at least every other year to insure that it does not become tall and leggy; candytuft is actually a woody plant, but is often treated as a herbaceous perennial; this plant is occasionally damaged by deer Season:	Ivor Novello Awards: Duran Duran \| Duran Duran Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Ivor Novello Awards: Duran Duran 10,554pages on The Ivor Novello Awards are presented for songwriting and composing, which Duran Duran have won on several occasions. Background Edit The Ivor Novello Awards are named after the Cardiff born entertainer Ivor Novello and are awards for songwriting and composing. They are presented annually in London (UK) by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) and were first introduced in 1955. Nicknamed 'The Ivors', the awards take place each May and are sponsored by PRS for Music and are respected worldwide as the major platform for recognising and rewarding Britain's songwriting and composing talents. The Ivors remain the only award ceremony in the musical calendar that is not influenced by publishers and record companies but judged and presented by the writing community. The Award itself is a solid bronze sculpture of Euterpe, the Muse of lyric poetry. Duran Duran Edit 1994 " Ordinary World " won an Ivor Novello Award in May 1994 . The song was later included on the PRS 30: Unity Diversity Celebration album, a collection of songs that have won the Ivor Novello Award for The PRS Most Performed Work between 1990 and 2002 . 2005 At a luncheon in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London on 26 May 2005 , Duran Duran were presented with The PRS Outstanding Contribution to British Music at the 2005 Ivor Novello Awards. The five original band members attended with close friends and family to receive the award. Statement: The Performing Right Society and the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters take great pleasure with presenting Duran Duran with the PRS Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award at the 2005 50th Ivor Novello Awards Ceremony. PRS is proud to have in its gift, the honour of presenting this award which has been in existence from 1978. Previous illustrious recipients include Elvis Costello, Chrissie Hynde, Morrissey, The Small Faces, The Clash, Kate Bush, Bryan Ferry and Errol Brown. The Chairman and Board of PRS are delighted that Duran Duran receive this award which recognises their unique valued contribution to British music, and their continuing influence on a new generation of songwriters.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,847	How many humps does a Bactrian camel have?	Bactrian Camels, Bactrian Camel Pictures, Bactrian Camel Facts - National Geographic Flock or Caravan Did you know? Bactrian camels give birth usually to just one calf after a gestation period of 12 to 14 months. Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man: Bactrian camels have two humps rather than the single hump of their Arabian relatives. The humps function the same way—storing fat which can be converted to water and energy when sustenance is not available. These humps give camels their legendary ability to endure long periods of travel without water, even in harsh desert conditions. As their fat is depleted, the humps become floppy and flabby. Bactrian camels live not in shifting Sahara sands but in Central and East Asia's rocky deserts. Temperatures in these locales can become searingly hot—over 100°F (38°C) in summer. Yet they can also drop to –20°F (-29°C) in winter. Bactrian camels have developed special adaptations to allow them to survive in such a brutal environment. One is a thick, shaggy coat that protects them in winter and falls away as seasons change and temperatures rise. Like Arabian camels, Bactrians rarely sweat, helping them conserve fluids for long periods of time. In winter, plants may yield enough moisture to sustain a camel without water for several weeks. When camels do refill, however, they soak up water like a sponge. A very thirsty animal can drink 30 gallons (135 liters) of water in only 13 minutes. Like Arabian camels, Bactrians' nostrils close to keep sand at bay, and their bushy eyebrows and two rows of long eyelashes protect their eyes. Big, flat footpads help them navigate the rough rocky terrain and shifting desert sands without sinking under their own massive bulk or the weight of heavy packs. The only truly wild camels that still exist are Bactrian camels. These herds survive in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China but number less than 1,000.	Index-a Don't Forget To Hit <ESC> before going to a different page. Let's play a game of 30 questions. No, not that old standard of 20 questions, but one with an extra 10 questions added in and one that uses numeric answers (from 1 to 30). If you get stumped, go on to the next one. Perhaps the answer you need will be one of those left over when you complete all the questions you're sure of. Each answer is a number. The answers are the numbers 1-30. Each number appears only once. (Obviously) the questions are not in the right order.. 1. Aside from an extra 385 yards, how many miles is a marathon race? 2. If 27 solid cubes are formed into one big 3x3x3 cube how many individual cubes, at most, are visible from any single angle? 3. In the movie Spinal Tap what number is: "Well, it is one louder.."? 4. 'Via Dolorosa' is the (how many) Stations of the Cross, the Christian ritual tracing the key stages of the death of Jesus, beginning with his condemnation and ending with his being laid in the tomb? 5. How many dots are on a (standard 1-6) die? 6. The Russian 'Crimea Highway' trunk road from Moscow to the Crimea in Ukraine is the M (what)? 7. What number, between two hyphens, is used by journalists, etc., to mark the end of a newspaper or broadcast story? 8. How many unique dominoes are in a standard 'double six' set? 9. What number turned on its side (rotated 90 degrees) is the symbol for infinity? 10. The Marvel Comics superhero team led by Mr Fantastic was the Fanstastic (what)? 11. What is the larger number of the binary system? 12. Japanese haiku poems loosely comprise how many syllables? 13. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are respectively (what number)-and-half degrees north and south of the Equator? 14. What number is Hurricane on the Beaufort Scale? 15. Greek deka, and Latin decem, are what number? 16. Conventionally how many books are in the Bible's New Testament? 17. How many legs (or arms) are most usually on a starfish? 18. A lunar month is an average (how many) days plus 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 seconds? 19. 'Roaring' refers to what pluralised number in describing a 1900s decade of western world prosperity? 20. Traditionally what number of years anniversary is symbolized by silver? 21. What is generally stated to be the number of major joints in the human body? 22. What number is the French coded slang 'vingt-deux!', which warns that police are coming? 23. What is the only number that equals twice the sum of its digits (digit means numerical symbol)? 24. The early/mid-1900s American vaudeville comedy act was called the (how many) Stooges? 25. Any line of three numbers in the 'magic square' (a 3 x 3 grid of the numbers 1-9) adds up to what? 26. What is the international SPI resin/polymer identification coding system number (typically shown within a recycling triangle symbol) for polystyrene? 27. Traditionally the diameter of the 45rpm gramophone record is (how many) inches? 28. Pure gold is (how many)-carat? 29. The expression 'On cloud (what)' refers to being blissfully happy? 30. Each player begins with (how many) pieces in a game of chess? Daniel David "Danny" Kirwan (born 13 May 1950) is a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. Kirwan's first recorded work with the band was on the huge instrumental hit single "Albatross". Green later stated that, "I would never have done "Albatross" if it wasn't for Danny. I would never have had a number one hit record." The B-side of the single was Kirwan's first published tune, the instrumental "Jigsaw Puzzle Blues". This was an old clarinet piece, written by Joe Venuti and Adrian Rollini, and recorded by the Joe Venuti / Eddie Lang Blue Five in 1933. Kirwan had adapted the piece for himself and Green to play on	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,848	Mrs Maria Fitzherbert illegally married which future King of England in 1785?	Regency History: Mrs Fitzherbert (1756-1837) Mrs Fitzherbert (1756-1837) from The Creevey Papers (1904) Profile Maria Fitzherbert (26 July 1756 - 27 March 1837) was the secret wife of George, Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Early life Maria Fitzherbert was born Maria Ann Smythe on 26 July 1756, the eldest daughter of William Smythe and Mary Ann Errington. She came from a respectable family: William was the son of Sir John Smythe, Baronet, of Acton Burnel in Shropshire and her mother was related to the Earl of Sefton. She was strictly reared as a Roman Catholic and her education was completed in France. Twice widowed In July 1775, Maria married Edward Weld, a wealthy Catholic landowner of Lulworth Castle , who was sixteen years her senior. The marriage did not last long; Weld died after falling from his horse just a few months later, having failed to sign a new will in Maria's favour. Lulworth Castle In 1778, she married again, this time to Thomas Fitzherbert of Swynnerton in Staffordshire. This marriage was also short-lived; Fitzherbert died from wounds inflicted during the anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in 1780, leaving Maria Fitzherbert a widow for the second time. Lady of fashion Huish described Maria Fitzherbert as a woman of “great accomplishments and beauty”. He continues that she was “unquestionably, a most beautiful woman, but perhaps too much inclined to fullness of figure; and yet it may be said that she was indebted to that prominence of habit for a great portion of her personal loveliness and attraction.” (1) La Belle Assemblée described her thus: “Mrs Fitzherbert is universally acknowledged to be a woman of refinement and elegant manners, of accomplishments equally solid and fascinating, and acquirements of a very high degree in the intellectual scale.” (2) Wife or mistress? In 1783, Maria became the object of royal attentions. George, Prince of Wales became infatuated with her, wanting her to become his mistress but Maria’s devout Catholic beliefs would not allow it. George decided that marriage was the only way to secure Maria's affections. On 15 December 1785 the Prince of Wales married Mrs Fitzherbert in a secret ceremony conducted by Robert Burt, an impoverished curate who set aside his scruples for the £500 fee. George, Prince of Wales from Memoirs of her late royal highness Charlotte Augusta by Robert Huish (1818) The marriage however was not legal. Not only did it contravene the Act of Settlement of 1701, preventing a Roman Catholic from ascending the British throne, but it breached the Royal Marriage Act of 1772. As a descendant of George II who was under 25 years of age, the prince required the king’s consent for the marriage to be legal; his consent would never have been given, because George III was vehemently opposed to his children marrying either Catholics or commoners, and Maria Fitzherbert was both. Queen of Brighton Brighton Pavilion George and Maria spent much of their time in Brighton where Mrs Fitzherbert was treated as queen. They had separate houses which together formed the heart of fashionable society there. Mrs Fitzherbert’s house, Steine House, was a modest residence which boasted a long veranda overlooking the Steine; the Prince of Wales lived at Brighton Pavilion . The inconstant prince However, by 1794, George and Maria's relationship was showing signs of strain, and the prince’s affections were wandering towards an older woman, Frances, Countess of Jersey . On 24 August, at Weymouth, George told his father that all connection with Mrs Fitzherbert had ceased and that he was ready to seek a Protestant bride, namely, his cousin, Caroline of Brunswick . By agreeing to this marriage, George hoped to appease parliament so that they would pay the huge debts he had amassed as well as shielding his relationship with Lady Jersey. After their separation, the prince treated Mrs Fitzherbert with callous coldness, although his brothers continued to honour her with respect, especially the Duke of Kent who bought her a house, Castle Hill in Ealing, in 1798. Temporary reconciliation In Aug	On This Day halfaperson wrote: Quote: 1986 The 'Hand of God' football match. England were beaten 2-1 by Argentina in the quarter-finals of the World Cup in Mexico. Both Argentine goals were scored by Diego Maradona - the first with the deliberate use of his hand which went unseen by the referee. It was the first match between the two countries since the Falklands War in 1982. Cheating bastard - I don't care how good a player he was, he'll always be remember for being a cheat. Chuff me that was 22 years ago and it seems like last year. That was a sunday night as well wasnt it? Remember it clear as a bell. Actually watched it in a pub that is now my local. Absolutely fuming. Then he goes and scores that brilliant goal. I know he was a cheating pillock ravey but hes still one of the greates players ever. Ive read a couple of books, one by him (ghost written) and one by a an English fella. He sounds an utter shyster to boot. Even in his own words he comes across as a jumped up self important tosser who his own team mates generally despised. Aye, 22 years ago - what a pair of old gits we are. And to think there are people at work who weren't even born then who think they can tell me what to do... Not denying he was a great player, just saying that despite that he'll be remembered as a cheat. A cocaine snorting cheat as well!! raveydavey June 23rd: 1683 William Penn, the English Quaker, signed a treaty with the Indian chiefs of the Lenni Lenade Tribe in an attempt to ensure peace in his new American colony, Pennsylvania. 1757 British troops, commanded by Robert Clive (the legendary Clive of India), won the Battle of Plassey in Bengal - laying the foundations of the British Empire in India. 1894 Birth of Edward, Duke of Windsor who was King Edward VIII from 20th January to 10th December 1936 before abdicating to marry twice-divorced Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson. 1916: Sir Len Hutton, one of the all-time great England cricketers, was born. He was the first professional captain of the England Test side and his innings of 364 against Australia at The Oval in 1938 stood as a Test record for nearly 20 years. He died in 1990 aged 74. 1939 The Government of Eire declared membership of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) to be illegal. 1940 The BBCï¿½s Music While You Work programme was first broadcast on radio to brighten up the lives of munitions workers doing boring factory jobs. 1951 Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, missing diplomats, fled to the USSR as Russian spies before the British authorities had the opportunity to arrest them for spying. They 'surfaced' in Moscow in 1956. 1970 The worldï¿½s first all-metal liner, Brunelï¿½s 'Great Britain' returned to Bristol from the Falkland Islands where it had lain rusting since 1886. How well engineered is that? Left rusting for nearly 100 years and still in good enough condition to be towed nearly the full length of the Atlantic! Brunel was a bloody genius. More here: http://www.ssgreatbritain.org/Home.aspx 1985 A passenger jet disintegrated in mid-air off the coast of Ireland, killing all 329 people on board. 1986 Brighton bomber Patrick Magee, found guilty of planting the bomb at the Grand Hotel, Brighton during the Conservative Party Conference in 1983, was jailed for a minimum of 35 years. 1989 The Home secretary announced that the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad had been disbanded in the wake of allegations of malpractice. 1994 It was announced that the Royal Yacht Britannia would be sold or scrapped. 1997 Diana, Princess of Wales apologized for taking her two sons, Princes William and Harry, to see the 15 certificated film The Devil's Own, about an IRA assassin. raveydavey June 24th: 1314 Robert the Bruce defeated Edward II at Bannockburn and so completed his expulsion of the English from Scotland. 1509 Henry VIII's coronation took place. 1559 The Elizabethan Prayer Book was first used. 1717 The Grand Lodge of the English Freemasons was founded in London. 1825 William Henry Smith, English newsagent and bookseller, born. 1850 The birth of Horatio Herbert, Earl Kitchener, British fiel	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,849	What sort of creatures may be described as 'Caprine'?	Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia - Respiratory System - Veterinary Manual Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia By Philip R. Scott, BVM&S, MPhil, DVM&S, DSHP, DECBHM, FHEA, FRCVS, University of Edinburgh Respiratory Diseases of Sheep and Goats Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia is a highly fatal disease that occurs in goats in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. It was seen for the first time on European soil in Thrace, Turkey, in 2002, but does not appear to have spread to neighboring countries, Greece and Bulgaria. Outbreaks have recently been reported in sheep and captive wildlife, including gazelles and small ruminants. Etiology: Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae (Mycoplasma biotype F38) is the causative agent. It appears to be transmitted by infective aerosol. Morbidity can be 100%, and mortality 60%–100%. The disease is introduced into a new region by healthy carriers. Gathering or housing animals together facilitates spread of the disease. Pneumonia and pleuropneumonia can be caused by other mycoplasmas, including M mycoides capri. Taxonomic change means this subspecies also includes M mycoides mycoides large colony type. Morbidity and mortality rates are generally lower with M mycoides capri, and joint and udder infections may also be seen. Clinical Findings: Weakness, anorexia, cough, hyperpnea, and nasal discharge accompanied by fever (104.5°–106°F [40.5°–41.5°C]) are often found. Exercise intolerance progresses to respiratory distress, with open-mouth breathing and frothy salivation. A septicemic form of the disease without specific respiratory tract involvement has been described. Lesions: Typically, there is an excess of straw-colored pleural exudate and acute fibrinous pneumonia. Consolidation is sometimes confined to one lung. The distention of interlobular septa by serofibrinous fluid, commonly seen in infections caused by M mycoides capri, is rarely seen in contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. In antibiotic-treated or recovered animals, the predominant lesion is a sequestrum similar to that seen in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Diagnosis: The clinical signs, epidemiology, and necropsy findings are used to establish a diagnosis. The causative organism should be isolated and identified, but isolation may be difficult, and special media is required for culture. PCR, which can be performed directly on the pleural fluid or affected lung, has greatly facilitated the diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Serologic tests are complement fixation, passive hemagglutination, and ELISA; the latex agglutination test can be done in the field directly on whole blood as well as on serum samples in the laboratory. Serologic cross-reactions may occur with other members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Control: Quarantine of affected flocks is desirable. Vaccines are available in some countries, and good to excellent protection has been reported. Treatment with tylosin at 10 mg/kg/day, IM, for 3 days, has been effective, as has oxytetracycline (15 mg/kg). Resources In This Article	12 Animal Adjectives to Bolster Your Vocabulary \| Mental Floss 12 Animal Adjectives to Bolster Your Vocabulary ThinkStock Like us on Facebook In eighth grade when I read that Julius Caesar had an aquiline nose, I mistakenly thought it had something to do with water. But aquiline is from Latin aquila, meaning eagle, not aqua, water. He had a curved, beaklike nose, not a runny one. You know some other animal adjectives ending in -ine: feline (catlike), canine (doggy) and bovine (cow like). How many more are there? A herd, a flock, a whole bunch. Here’s a dozen. 1. ANGUINE Thinkstock Joseph Sheridan Le Faun managed to use the erudite term in The Tenants of Malory. "Her beautiful eyebrows wore that anguine curve, which is the only approach to a scowl which painters accord to angels." The word means snakelike, from Latin anguis, snake. 2. BUTEONINE Thinkstock Here’s a perfect description of a hostile-take-over artist: buteonine, resembling a buzzard (from Latin būteōn-em, hawk or buzzard). 3. DELPHINE Getty Images Delphine is an obsolete adjective referring to the dolphin (from Old French dauphin, from Provençal dalfin, from Latin delphinus, from Greek delphin). 4. DIDELPHINE Thinkstock Didelphine does not refer to a double dolphin, but a double uterus. It’s a variant of didelphian (from modern Latin Didelphia, from Greek di-, twice + delphos, womb) and refers to a subclass of marsupials including opossums. 5. HIPPOCAMPINE Thinkstock If your hippocampi are functioning properly, you may remember that hippocampus refers to the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain that play a central role in memory. The hippocampi are named for their resemblance to seahorses (from late Latin, from Greek hippokampos, from hippos ‘horse’ + kampos ‘sea monster’). Hippocampus, or seahorse, originally referred to mythological creatures having two forefeet, and a body ending in the tail of a dolphin or fish, represented as drawing the carriage of Neptune. Now both terms refer to a genus of small fishes you sometimes see in aquariums. Oh, and “hippocampine” is a rarely used adjective relating to seahorses. 6. LIMACINE Thinkstock If you want to call someone sluggish (or worse, slimy) in a more elegant fashion, you could call them limacine, meaning "of, relating to, or resembling a slug; akin to līmus, slime." 7. MACROPODINE Thinkstock If you have a smattering of Latin or Greek, you can guess, correctly, that the stem “macropod-“ means "big foot," but macropodine refers not to Sasquatch, but to kangaroos or wallabies. 8. MEPHITINE Thinkstock If you’d like to say, ever so discreetly, that something stinks, you could say it’s mephitine, or skunk-like. The word seems to have been coined from mephitis (from classical Latin mefītis, mephītis an exhalation of sulfurated water or gas, also personified, as the name of the goddess of exhalations), but it doesn’t appear in standard dictionaries or even in Google Books. 9. MURINE Thinkstock This adjective has nothing to do with eye drops. It means relating to a mouse or mice (from Latin murinus, from mus, mur- "mouse.") 10. MUSTELINE Thinkstock If people are sneaky, you might describe them as musteline, or weasely. The word originates from classical Latin mustēlīnus, of or belonging to a weasel, and from mustēla (also mustella) weasel, of uncertain origin (perhaps related to mūs, mouse). 11. PHOCINE Getty Images A graceful swimmer might be called phocine, which means resembling a seal, from the genus name phoca, from classical Latin phōca, or seal. 12. PICINE Thinkstock Picine, meaning like a woodpecker (from the genus name assigned by Linnaeus, from classical Latin pīcus, woodpecker) is not to be confused with piscine, of or relating to fishes.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,850	In which US state is Edwards Air Force Base?	EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE \| Superfund Site Profile \| Superfund Site Information \| US EPA Where is this site? Superfund Site Profile Edwards Air Force Base, which is used for aircraft research and development, covers about 301,000 acres in Kern County, California. Spills and poor disposal practices have resulted in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), metals and other chemicals to the ground. Following immediate actions to protect human health and the environment, site investigations and long-term cleanup planning are ongoing. TOPICS IN FOCUS EPA is in the process of updating this site profile page with additional current information. Until this update is complete, please click here for additional information about this site and to view site documents. Thank you for your patience.	United States Air Force in the United Kingdom \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia United States Air Force in the United Kingdom 204,343pages on Bases of the United States Air Force in the United Kingdom Part of the NATO Alliance United Kingdom Result Phased down in number as a result of the end of the Cold War , some maintained as part of the NATO military alliance. Since 1941 the United States has maintained air bases in the United Kingdom . Major Commands of the USAF having bases in the United Kingdom were the United States Air Forces in Europe ( USAFE ), Strategic Air Command (SAC), and Air Mobility Command (AMC). Contents Main articles: Eighth Air Force and Ninth Air Force The origins of the United States Air Force in the UK can be traced to a series of agreements made between 27 January and 27 March 1941 which provided for American naval, ground and air support for campaigns against Nazi Germany[ citation needed ]. As a result, a special US Army Observer Group was activated in London on 19 May 1941[ citation needed ]. One of the first tasks of that unit was to reconnoitre areas regarded as potential sites for United States Army Air Force (USAAF) installations. On 2 January 1942 the order activating the Eighth Air Force was signed and the headquarters was formed at Savannah, Georgia on 28 January. The War Department in Washington, D.C. announced that US ground forces were sent to Northern Ireland . On 8 January the activation of US Forces in the British Isles (USAFBI) was announced, and VIII Bomber Command (VIII BC) was established in England during February 1942. VIII BC was established at RAF Bomber Command Headquarters at High Wycombe on 22 February. From these origins the presence of the United States Air Force in the United Kingdom has been maintained to current times. USSAFE / USAFE Edit With the end of World War II, the United States began to demobilize most of the Air Force which it created in the United Kingdom. On 7 May 1945, the US Strategic Air Forces in Europe (USSAFE) commanded about 17,000 aircraft and an organization made up of about 500,000 personnel. Many personnel and much flying equipment were being transferred to the Pacific Theater of Operations . In Europe, the aim was to maintain a small USAAF organization, exclusively for communication and transport purposes. On 7 August 1945, the word Strategic was removed from USSAFE, and the United States Air Forces in Europe ( USAFE ) was established. By the end of 1946, USAFE had only about 75,000 personnel and fewer than 2,000 aircraft. Tensions with the Soviet Union began as early as 1946 and President Harry S Truman decided to realign USAFE into a combat-capable force. In November, six B-29 bombers from SAC 's 43d Bombardment Group were sent to RAF Burtonwood , and from there to various bases in West Germany as a "training deployment". In May 1947, additional B-29s were sent to the UK and Germany to keep up the presence of a training program. These deployments were only a cover-up, as the true aim of these B-29s were to have a strategic air force permanently stationed in Europe. All B-29 operations in England were placed under the command of USAFE's 3d Air Force, established at RAF Marham . At the close of World War II, most of the air bases used by the USAAF were returned to the British government and were in various states of repair by 1948. The Ministry of Defence made available airfields at Marham, Scampton, Waddington and Lakenheath for B-29 operations. Lakenheath was refurbished with an extended runway to accommodate the giant Convair B-36 , however the B-36s were maintained at Carswell Air Force Base in Texas for the time being. Establishment of NATO Edit By 1948, the Soviet Union's obstinacy concerning Berlin and other issues in Europe had caused great anxiety among the governments of Western Europe. In response, the Western leaders decided to co-operate and jointly defend Western Europe against a Soviet attack. This joining of forces took shape in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) agreement of 4 April 1949 when	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,851	Mount St Helens is a volcano in which US state?	Welcome to Mount St Helens NVM - Msh Welcome! Welcome to the home of the Mount St. Helens VolcanoCams. We have been providing near real-time images of Mount St. Helens since the late 1990s. The near real-time images of Mount St. Helens are taken from the Johnston Ridge Observatory (JRO) using two VolcanoCam High Definition cameras. The (JRO) and VolcanoCams are located at an elevation of approximately 4,200 feet, about five miles from the volcano. The cameras look approximately south-southeast across the North Fork Toutle River Valley. VolcanoCamHD One This is a near real-time view of Mount St. Helens taken from our new high definition camera. The new camera was installed in June, 2014. You must manually refresh your browser to see the latest image. Use this keyboard key combination to force your web browser to do a "deep refresh" appropriate for your computer's operating system: Windows <CTRL>-<F5> Mac/Apple: Apple + R or command + R Linux: F5 Some Camera Details This is a high definition camera using H.264 compression. This camera has the capability to offer live streaming. However, our current bandwidth limitations and government security requirements do not allow for live streaming right now. Maximum resolution: 2560x1944 pixels. We have deliberately set the resolution on maximum. Camera Lens: 4 - 8mm, 90°-47° wide, Auto Iris and Manual Focus/Zoom. Camera Focus and Zoom: Manual. Wind vibration is causing the camera to slow drift in and out of focus. The zoom function is also manual. Camera View: We want to show the greater foreground of Mount St. Helens in the image where you can see the 30 plus years of erosion. Rotating Images Archive New camera images update to the server every three minutes. However, with network latency, images posted here may not refresh as often. You can view the last ten images from this camera in a constantly updating image archives. VolcanoCamHD Two This is a near real-time view of Mount St. Helens taken from our older high definition camera. This camera was originally installed in 2007. You must manually refresh your browser to see the latest image. Use this keyboard key combination to force your web browser to do a "deep refresh" appropriate for your computer's operating system: Windows <CTRL>-<F5> Mac/Apple: Apple + R or command + R Linux: F5 This is a high definition camera that has been operating since 2007. Maximum resolution: 2048x1536 pixels. We have deliberately set the resolution at 1024x768 pixels. Camera Lens :8-48mm, 45°-8°, Motorized Zoom/Iris/Focus. Camera Focus and Zoom: Auto-focus. We are able to control the zoom from our base in Vancouver. Camera View:The top of the image is partially obscured by the building eaves overhang. The bottom of the image is partially obscured by the external camera housing. The top and bottom issues are caused by the lens and an internal camera mount that has come loose. Rotating Images Archive New camera images update to the server every three minutes. However, with network latency, images posted here may not refresh as often. You can view the last ten images from this camera in a constantly updating image archives. VolcanoCams Support No federal tax funds were used in the purchase of the VolcanoCam cameras and associated hardware. All funding comes from donations managed on our behalf by Discover Your Northwest. Discover Your Northwest is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit (PDF document warning) social enterprise based in Seattle, and are licensed to operate in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, and Montana. Discover Your Northwest promotes the discovery of Northwest public lands, enriches the experience of visitors, and encourages stewardship of these special places today and for generations to come. Discover Your Northwest passionately believes in the people-value of Northwest public lands and are dedicated to ensuring that our public lands are places of education, recreation, and inspiration for everyone. Discover Your Northwest are proud to be partners with the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, B	BBC SPORT \| Rugby League \| Challenge Cup \| Challenge Cup final as it happened Challenge Cup final as it happened By Mark Orlovac Latest updates (all times BST): 80 mins: FULL-TIME Huddersfield 12-42 St Helens Saints are in possession and they are content to wind the clock down. The hooter goes and St Helens celebrate their first trophy under coach Daniel Anderson. Sean Long is awarded the Lance Todd trophy and is the first player to win the Challenge Cup man of the match three times. 79 mins: Paul tries to create a try as Giants aim to finish with a flourish, however, his kick is well covered by the Saints defence. 76 mins: A smothering tackle on his own line from Cayless prevents Huddersfield scoring. 73 mins: TRY Huddersfield 12-42 St Helens Saints are looking dangerous again and Long's grubber into the in-goal area causes chaos in the Giants defence. Prop Jason Cayless, looking as battered and bruised as Wilkin, barges his way through to touch down and after consultation with the video ref - the try is given. Lyon adds another two points. 70 mins: TRY Huddersfield 12-36 St Helens The Giants are battling bravely despite their predicament. Drew decides to kick early and places a deft kick over the top to get Robbie Paul on the scoresheet. De Vere kicks the goal. 67 mins: TRY Huddersfield 6-36 St Helens Cunningham shows electric pace from a play-the-ball to leave the Giants defence trailing. He gives the ball to Wilkin, who has the simple task of claiming his second try. Lyon kicks his sixth goal from in front of the posts. 63 mins: Huddersfield make a rare foray forward but the ball is lost by Steve Snitch. The Giants look like a beaten team now and Saints have had 60% of the second-half possession. 57 mins: TRY Huddersfield 6-30 St Helens Long's dummy puts him through and his sublime kick to the corner is a gift for Lyon, who dives, catches and scores in one movement. The Saints centre, who has now scored in every round of this year's Challenge Cup, dusts himself down to fire the conversion over from the touchline. "Huddersfield have to change their game plan now. The Saints defence is controlling them and they are not getting the yards they did in the first half." Jonathan Davies 51 mins: TRY Huddersfield 6-24 St Helens It is surely all over for Huddersfield now. Roby's grubber kick from 10m out is perfectly weighted and Fa'asavalu touches down. Lyon adds the extras. 48 mins: Huddersfield try to get out from under their posts after a Gardner attack breaks down. Giants winger Stuart Donlan is flattened by a high tackle from Wilkin, who is now covered in blood. Despite the boos from the crowd, Wilkin is not dismissed but is placed on report. 44 mins: TRY Huddersfield 6-18 St Helens Maurie Fa'asavalu smashes his way through the Giants defence. He offloads to James Roby who is brought down by Chris Nero but there are just too many numbers and Jon Wilkin, who has a strapped up nose after an earlier collision, dives over to put his side in control. Lyon collects his third conversion. 42 mins: Saints threaten early on. Pryce produces a superb offload to set up Long, who tries the same but the ball goes forward. 41 mins: St Helens get the second half started. 1543: Huddersfield are the first ones out while St Helens take their time in taking the field. "Now St Helens are in a bit of rhythm. They have withstood the best Huddersfield have thrown at them and if they get enough possession in the second half, one on one they could be too strong and skilful. They could run away with it in the second half." Ian Millward "For a quarter of the half Huddersfield were on top with their kicking game and their kick chase but St Helens were patient and brought the ball back a lot further on each of the kicks. "Now it is about belief, Huddersfield can still score points. To win now they will have to be a little different than they were in the first half." Brian Noble 40 mins: HALF-TIME Huddersfield 6-12 St Helens With Twickenham bathed in late August sunshine, the hooter goes and the teams go off for half-time. 36 mins: TRY Huddersfield 6-1	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,852	The Italian wine-growing area which produces Soave, Bardolino, Valpolicella and Prosecco wines is centred on which Italian city?	Veneto \| jovinacooksitalian jovinacooksitalian Healthy Italian Cooking at Home Tag Archives: Veneto January 16, 2015 Veneto includes the eastern part of the Po Valley and, to the north, a part of the Dolomites. Venice ruled for centuries over one of the largest and richest maritime republics and trade empires in the world. After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence. Besides Italian, most inhabitants also speak Venetian. Veneto is, today, one of the greatest immigrant-receiving regions in the country, the most recent of whom are Romanian, Moroccan and Albanian. The regional capital is Venice. Other important cities are: Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Treviso, Rovigo and Belluno. Treviso Piazza Numerous and important Roman traces can be found in this region: the best known example is the Arena of Verona. In the area around Venice, Byzantine influences are visible (St. Mark and the Cathedral of Torcello) and there are many outstanding examples of Romanesque and Gothic art. The Renaissance palaces are still numerous. In Venice, the Academy Galleries house the major collections of Venetian paintings from the years 1300 to 1700; while the Guggenheim collection exhibits international works of contemporary art, as does the National Gallery of Modern Art. The Correr Museum is reserved for the Renaissance masterpieces. Venice Canals In Verona, the Civic Museum of Art, is devoted to Verona painters. Padua has the famous Scrovegni Chapel with its Giotto’s frescoes, the Civic Museum and the Botanic Garden, the oldest in Europe. In Treviso, there is the Museum of the Casa Trevigiana with its modern furniture and sculptures. Take a tour of Veneto via the video below. Cuisine is a very integral part of the culture of Veneto and the region is home to some of the most recognizable dishes, desserts and wines in Italian, European and World cuisine. Veneto is an important wine-growing area and produces: Soave, Bardolino, Recioto, Amarone, Torcolato, Prosecco, Tocai Rosso, Garganega, Valpolicella, Verduzzo, Raboso, Moscato, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Nero, Pinot Grigio, and Merlot varietals. Homemade wine making is widespread. After making wine, the alcohol of the pressed grapes is distilled to produce grappa or graspa, as it is called in the local language. Veneto Vineyards Prosecco is a dry sparkling wine. It is made from a variety of white grapes of the same name, which is traditionally grown in an area near Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, in the hills north of Treviso. The name, Prosecco, is derived from the northern Italian village of Prosecco, where this grape variety is believed to have originated. Around the holidays, I like to make pre-dinner drinks with Prosecco and different fruit flavors. My family looks forward to this special drink. Spritz, in the Venetian language also called “spriss” or “spriseto” depending on the area, usually consists of 1/3 sparkling wine and 2/3 Aperol. Campari or gin may also be used. The cheeses of Veneto include: Asiago (PDO), Piave (PDO), Monte Veronese (PDO), Morlacco and Grana Padano (PDO). The sopressa vicentina (PDO) is an aged salami, cylindrical in shape and prepared with raw, quality pork meat. It may or may not include garlic in its ingredients and comes in medium and large sizes. Prosciutto Veneto Berico-Euganeo (PDO) is obtained from the fresh meat of a top breed of adult hogs. The aroma is delicate, sweet and fragrant. Treviso Radicchio Radicchio rosso di Treviso (PGI) is a vegetable with a faintly bitter taste and a crunchy texture. The production area encompasses many town districts in the provinces of Treviso, Padua and Venice. The radicchio, Variegata di Castelfranco (PGI, has a delicate and slightly sweet taste and a crunchy texture. Veronese Vialone Nano Rice from Verona (PGI) is a type of rice with short, plump grains, which have a creamy consistency when cooked. They are commonly used in risotto dishes and have a high starch content.	Chianti Tuscany grape varieties Sangiovese Sangiovese is Italy's most commonly-planted red grape variety and is particularly common in central Italy. In 1990, almost 10% of all Italian vineyards were planted with some form of this grape. Under its various names (Brunello, Prugnolo Gentile, Morellino), it is the principal vine variety used to produce Chianti and other Tuscan red wines. In Tuscany alone, no less than 25 appellations require Sangiovese as the main grape variety in the blend. Sangiovese has many clonal varieties, two of which predominate. The Sangiovese Grosso variety Brunello is used for the dark red, traditionally powerful and slow-maturing Brunello di Montalcino wine. The other is the Sangiovese Piccolo, also known under the historical synonym Sangioveto, used for standard Chianti Classico DOC wines. A third variety, Morellino, is used in a popular wine blend of the same name found in the southern part of Tuscany. While sangiovese is the sole grape variety permitted for Brunello di Montalcino and is the basis of the blends for Chianti, Vino Nobile de Montepulciano and the vast majority of the "super-Tuscans" (such as Sassicaia and Ornellaia), it is also the main red grape for all of central Italy, widely planted in Umbria (where it gives its best results in the DOCG wines Torgiano and Montefalco), in the Marches (where it is the base of the Rosso Piceno, and an important component of the Rosso Conero), and in Latium. The Sangiovese vine itself, probably indigenous to Tuscany, is of ancient origin, as the literal translation of its name ("Blood of Jove") suggests. Conventional descriptions of Sangiovese divide the variety into two families: Sangiovese Grosso, to which Brunello, Prugnolo Gentile and Sangiovese di Lamole belong, and Sangiovese Piccolo. The former is generally considered to be superior. Sangiovese is slow and late to ripen, which gives a rich, alcoholic and long-lived wine. Over-production tends to accentuate the wine's acidity and lighten its colour. Further difficulties are experienced because of the rather thin skin of the grape, making it susceptible to rot in damp years. Throughout Tuscany, Sangiovese is now often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc, whether for Chianti (where Cabernet Sauvignon must not exceed 15%) or Vino da Tavola. The blend is highly successful, producing intense fruit and colour, and there are numerous excellent Vini da Tavola so-named because the exceed the blend limit and not because they are inferior in taste to the DOC and DOCG wines. Trebbiano Trebbiano is the most common name for the undistinguished Ugni Blanc grape. It has many mutations and sub-varieties such as Procanico in Tuscany and Umbria. It is so widely planted in France that probably produces more wine than other vine variety in the world. It's more often cited in DOC regulations that another other single variety and may well account for more than a third of Italy's entire DOC white wine production. The wines are generally light, white and crisp. Trebbiano (along with Malvasia) has been excluded from the official Chianti Classico DOCG composition from the 2005 vintage onwards. Historical references to Trebbiano include Pliny ("vinum trebulanum") and Petrus de Crescenthiis in 1303, making it an ancient vine. Today, Trebbiano's principal varieties are Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano Romagnolo, Trebbiano d'Abruzzo, Trebbiano Giallo and Trebbiano di Soave. Vernaccia Vernaccia is a minor grape of ancient origin grown in San Gimignano in the Tuscany region of Italy that traditionally produces dry, lean white wines that soften after two or more years bottle aging. It also used to create sweet golden white wines. An unrelated variety is the Vernaccia di Oristano from Sardinia that produces sherry-like wines with enormous aging potential. Canaiolo Canaiolo (Nero) is now a somewh	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,853	Name the famous male ballet dancer who defected to the west in 1961 while dancing with the Kirov Ballet in Paris?	Famous Male Ballet Dancers - BalletHub Famous Male Ballet Dancers About Ballet October 20th, 2014 There are thousands of dancers in the world but only a handful of famous male ballet dancers. While famous ballerinas may often have the spotlight, let’s take a look at the men who’ve helped shape ballet into what it is today. Mikhail Baryshnikov Mikhail Baryshnikov When you talk about famous male ballet dancers, there is always one household name that comes up: Baryshnikov. From dancing to sold out audiences in New York and around the world, to several movies and a season of Sex and the City, Mikhail Baryshnikov’s career has been nothing short of stardom. Born in Latvia to Russian parents, “Misha” (his nickname, common in Russia for people named Mikhail) began ballet training at the age of 12 and won the Gold Medal at the International Ballet Competition in Varna in 1966. He soon joined the Kirov Ballet where he danced as a principal until his defection in 1974 in Toronto, Canada while on tour with the company. He soon left for the US where he joined American Ballet Theatre as a principal from 74-78, where he would often partner Gelsey Kirkland. From 78-80, he joined New York City Ballet as a principal to dance the works of George Balanchine. Only two years later, he rejoined ABT as both a principal director and its director. During this time, he danced to sold out audiences around the world while directing one of the greatest companies in the world. After his departure from ABT, he formed the White Oak Dance Project with Mark Morris, a small modern company. In 2005, he opened the Baryshnikov Arts Center in New York City which provides space not just for dance, but also theater, film, music and visual arts. Standing about 5’7 and unable to partner taller women when they were up on pointe, Baryshnikov is not your typical tall male ballet dancer. This however did not stop him from achieving international star status in and out of the ballet world. He starred in several dance related movies, such as “White Nights,” “The Turning Pointe,” and “Dancers,” movies that he plays the roll of a famous male ballet dancer and also in the spy film “Company Business” where he plays a KGB mole. He is also known for playing the role of a Russian painter, Aleksandr Petrovsky, on the final season of Sex and the City. While there were famous male ballet dancers before his time, Baryshnikov has certainly played a huge part in shaping ballet into what it is today, especially for male dancers. Ethan Stiefel Ethan Stiefel performing in Swan Lake. Photo by Rosalie O’Connor Next on our list of famous male ballet dancers is Ethan Stiefel, an astounding male dancer of superb technical ability and balletic line who has had an amazing international career. Stiefel is also widely known for his bad-boy role of Cooper Nielson in the hit ballet movie “Center Stage” played alongside Amanda Schull and Sascha Radetsky. After training at several schools, among School of American Ballet (SAB), he joined New York City Ballet in 1989 as a corps de ballet dancer, leaving just three years later to perform with Zürich Ballet and returning once again a year later to NYCB as a soloist. He was promoted to principal at NYCB in 1995 and left in 1997 to join American Ballet Theatre as a principal. Ethan’s talent is immense; he not only has beautiful, balletic lines with his legs and feet but also an ability to perform very difficult, technical ballet steps with an explosive, yet refined, style. After a 15 years of performing with ABT (23 years total), he retired from the stage with his final performance in July 2012, dancing Ali the Slave in the ballet Le Corsaire. Formerly the dean of the the School of Dance at North Carolina School of the Arts, the director at Ballet Pacifica and more recently at Royal New Zealand Ballet, the dance world has much to look forward to from one of the world’s most talented and famous male ballet dancers. Rudolf Nureyev Rudolf Nureyev, famous male ballet dancer and director of Paris Opera Ballet Rudolf Nureyev easily makes the	Do you know...? Do you know...? 1. Over which country did Pan Am flight 103 crash in December 88? 2. Who sang about his Prerogative in the 1980s? 3. Which all-girl group had 80s No 1s with Walk Like An Egyptian and Eternal Flame? 4. Which sitcom, premiered in 1988, featured Dr. Harry Weston? 5. The 1980 Olympics were boycotted because of the USSR's invasion of which country? 6. What kind of Boys had an 80s No 1 with West End Girls? 7. Anwar Sadat was President of which country when he died in 1981? 8. What kind of disaster claimed some 100,000 lives in Armenia in 1988? 9. Where in the Ukraine was there a nuclear explosion in 1986? 10. Which President of the Philippines was deposed in 1986? 11. The increasing scarcity of elephants and rhinos led to a 1989 ban on which substance? I'll post the answers on Friday..... shockhazard Over which country did Pan Am flight 103 crash in December 88? A: Scotland. Who sang about his Prerogative in the 1980s? A: Bobby Brown. Which all-girl group had 80s No 1s with Walk Like An Egyptian and Eternal Flame? A: Bangles. Which sitcom, premiered in 1988, featured Dr. Harry Weston? A: Empty Nest. The 1980 Olympics were boycotted because of the USSR's invasion of which country? A: Afghanistan. What kind of Boys had an 80s No 1 with West End Girls? A: Pet Shop Boys. Anwar Sadat was President of which country when he died in 1981? A: Egypt. What kind of disaster claimed some 100,000 lives in Armenia in 1988? A: Earthquake. Where in the Ukraine was there a nuclear explosion in 1986? A: Chernobyl. Which President of the Philippines was deposed in 1986? A: Marcos. The increasing scarcity of elephants and rhinos led to a 1989 ban on which substance? A: Ivory. Where ever you go, there you are.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,854	In which English city was Marks and Spencer founded in 1884?	Our Heritage Our Heritage Our Heritage Our Heritage Our business is built upon strong values of Innovation, Inspiration, Integrity and In Touch. These values have been at the heart of how we do business since starting out as a Penny Bazaar at Leeds Kirkgate Market in 1884. Discover some of the interesting facts that have helped make us who we are today. Our Heritage Our business is built upon strong values of Innovation, Inspiration, Integrity and In Touch. These values have been at the heart of how we do business since starting out as a Penny Bazaar at Leeds Kirkgate Market in 1884. Discover some of the interesting facts that have helped make us who we are today. Our Heritage Did you know that we sold our first bra in 1926? How about that our scientists worked with the government during WW2 to help with rationing strategy? Or even that when we were one of the first to introduce 'avocado pears' in 1959 one customer tried to serve it as a dessert with custard?! Discover our story and unlock the fascinating journey that has made M&S one of Britain’s best loved retailers. Company Archive The M&S Company Archive is a vital business asset of over 70,000 historical items and acts to collect, preserve and utilise material relating to all aspects of our history and development as a company. One of the richest retail history collections in the country, the Archive collection charts our journey over more than 130 years, from Penny Bazaar to international multichannel retailer. Our diverse collection of items dates from the start of the company in 1884 and includes written records, staff publications, photographs and films, garments and household products, design and advertising material and much much more. Find out more about the collection using our online catalogue . Marks in Time: Discover our story From the clothes we wear to the food we eat, you can now experience the M&S journey for yourself at the Marks in Time Exhibition. Based on the University of Leeds campus, the M&S Company Archive is home to the Marks in Time Exhibition which celebrates the M&S story and offers fascinating insights into our changing lifestyles and British social history. The Archive offers a wide range of activities, from schools and community workshops to special events and a bespoke programme for group visitors; including guided tours, expert talks, free refreshments and our award winning M&S Heritage trail . The Archive is based on the University of Leeds campus and gives researchers and academics from all walks of life the opportunity to directly access the collection through our bookable Reading Room Service . Kirkgate Market In March 2013 we returned to our roots and opened a stall at Kirkgate Market in Leeds, the same place that Michael Marks opened the first Penny Bazaar stall in 1884. Our M&S heritage stall and coffee shop is located right beside the famous M&S clock in the 1904 Kirkgate Market building and marks the starting point of our Heritage Trail. Downloads and Links To visit the Marks In Time website and find out more about our heritage and how we are using it today, please click here To download pictures of the M&S Company Archive Collection from our media library, please click here For the opening day press release for the M&S Company Archive please click here In Partnership: working with the University of Leeds The relocation of the Company Archive in 2012 created the foundation for a unique relationship with the University of Leeds. Our diverse partnership gives us the opportunity to join up with one of the UK’s leading research-intensive Russell Group Universities, who in turn enjoy the opportunity to demonstrate real impact through collaboration with a FTSE 100 international business. The partnership offers a broad range of opportunities to support young people into the workplace. From mentoring programmes to student projects and work placements, young people get the chance to work with colleagues across the business, learning the skills they need for the future. Since opening in 2012, we’ve also collaborated on cutting	Will supermalls save high streets or drain life out of local traders? \| Business \| The Guardian The Observer Will supermalls save high streets or drain life out of local traders? It's an all-new shopping experience for Leeds – but not everyone thinks the Trinity centre is the future for city life The £350m Trinity Leeds shopping development in the city centre is designed to be an entire leisure complex – and lacks a car park. Share on Messenger Close It's the largest of its kind in Europe with a lofty glass ceiling and ornate halls. When Leeds's Kirkgate indoor market opened its doors in 1857, its stunning building marked a new era of shopping and became the launch pad for Marks & Spencer. Next month, Leeds is aiming to polish up its retail crown again. Its new glass-domed cathedral to shopping is Trinity Leeds, a £350m development in the heart of the city centre. It will be the only new major shopping centre to open in the UK this year and the first since Westfield opened its Stratford site in 2011. Yet the ambitious project seems almost as anachronistic as its near neighbour Kirkgate. The 1m sq ft edifice will open its doors on 21 March while the UK struggles on under an economic cloud that has seen the closure of a string of big chains including Woolworths, Borders, HMV and Peacocks. And with shoppers increasingly happy to buy online, does Britain need more shops? Trinity Leeds's developer, Land Securities, believes it is creating the future of British retail. Despite the downturn, it has already leased 90% of the centre by value and more than 80% by floorspace. Builders are putting the finishing touches to large stores for Primark, Next, M&S and Topshop in a city that has reinvented itself as a thriving financial hub. "We have tried to take shopping forward in the UK," says Andrew Dudley, who is overseeing the development for Land Securities. "Experience is everything. You really need to excite people about coming into towns and cities." With that in mind, Trinity Leeds will attempt to tie itself into the digital world with screens that can interact and play games with passersby. There will be free Wi-Fi throughout the centre and other screens will flash up local news and, potentially, live coverage of nearby music and arts events. There's a customer service centre, where shoppers can leave bags while they go to the cinema or pick up items they've ordered online. "Retail is not just about shopping. It's about taking the best from online, the high street and events venues and bringing it into one place," says Paul Smith, marketing manager for Trinity Leeds. He says the centre is also hoping to work with local arts festivals and Leeds Arena, a 13,500-seater venue set to open this year, to put on taster gigs and events that will draw the crowds. It's all part of a strategy to revive Trinity Leeds dreamt up by Land Securities after it called an 18-month halt to building works at the height of the recession in 2009. It has tried to create an entire leisure complex, with the first Everyman cinema outside London and a much larger range of restaurants than a traditional shopping centre. More than 20% of the trading space will be taken up by food and drink outlets. What's notable at a time when there are serious concerns about the future of Britain's high streets is that Trinity nestles into Leeds's existing centre. Its entrances, which lead out onto streets including Briggate, one of the UK's 10 busiest high streets, are gated, not sealed, so that it flows into its surroundings. M&S and Topshop have extended existing stores into the centre, putting them alongside international brands new to the city including Victoria's Secret, Hollister, Apple and Mango. Leeds is reflecting the trend set in the last spree of shopping centre openings in 2008, when 8m sq ft of retail space opened in Liverpool One, Bristol's Cabot Circus and Cardiff's St David's Centre. All bring the big modern stores retailers now want close to the heart of city centres. The next major projects on the horizon, Birmingham's redevelopment of New Street station	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,855	Which classic novel was originally to have been called 'The Sea Cook'?	Collecting Treasure Island by Stevenson, Robert Louis - First edition identification guide Treasure Island STEVENSON, ROBERT LOUIS Leipzig: Tauchnitz, 1884. Continental Edition. Bound without wrappers in modern quarter-morocco and marbled boards; very good. Presentation copy; inscribed by the author at the top of the title page, “I hope it will please you. Robert Louis Stevenson.” Signed on the title page by the recipient, Herbert Beerbohm Tree; inked exclamation points around the imprint, in whose hand is unclear. Tree starred in and produced Stevenson and Henley’s play Beau Austin at the Haymarket Theatre (where Tree was actor-manager) on November 3, 1890. It was not a success. The play itself was issued in a private edition in 1884. A short note from Tree to Edwin Booth has been bound in; on the final page of text, apparently in Tree’s hand, “Oxen and wain-ropes,” has been underlined, and noting “Twelfth-Night” [from which Stevenson was quoting]. Laid in is a typed description from an unknown English bookseller, likely from the first part of the twentieth-century. While inscribed Stevenson books are very uncommon, we have neither seen nor had another inscribed copy of this title, his most famous and beloved work. Through most of the 19th century and well into the twentieth, Tauchnitz issued copyright editions of English and American works to be sold on the continent for travelers and resident English-speakers. Treasure Island STEVENSON Robert Louis 1883. First Edition . STEVENSON, Robert Louis. Treasure Island. London: Cassell, 1883. Small octavo, original green cloth. Housed in custom clamshell box. $27,000.First edition, first issue of Stevenson's swashbuckling yarn of piracy, mutiny and courage, ""the finest tale of maritime adventure that has been told since Defoe"" (Prideaux, 28), an exceptionally lovely copy, far more beautiful than usually found.""Inspired by a detailed map of an island that Stevenson and his stepson drew one rainy day, with hidden treasure and cryptic instructions reverently included Treasure Island is best enjoyed as its author intended, simply as a good tale well told"" (Silvey, 631). The serial publication in Young Folks (running through January 1882) was not especially well-received, but on its appearance in book form the following year in an edition of only 2000 copies, the story was hailed as the best tale of adventure in print. ""The force of invention and vividness of narrative appealed to every reader"" (DNB). ""Here were adventure, suspense, drama, all set down by the hand of a recognizable genius"" (Meigs et al., 238). First published in serial form in Young Folks magazine (October 1881-January 1882). Only 2000 copies of this first book edition published. First issue, with all the following points: ""Dead Man's Chest"" not capitalized on pages 2 and 7; ""rain"" for ""vain"" on last line of page 40; ""a"" lacking on page 63, line 6; the ""8"" is absent in the pagination of page 83; the ""7"" in the pagination of page 127 is present but bold; period dropped from page 178, line 20 (after ""opportunity""); ""worse"" for""worst"" on page 197, line 3; frontispiece map in three colors. With eight-page publisher's catalogue dated 5G-783 at the end. Issued in various colors of cloth, no priority. Beinecke 240. Prideaux 11. Gerstley Collection 22. Osborne, 1030. Gumuchian 5443. Pierpoint Morgan, Children's Literature 241. Bookplate of Glasgow architect James Jackson Craig. Old pencil prices and other notations to endpapers.Text remarkably clean, far more so than usually found. Restoration to inner paper hinges, upper corner of last leaf of advertisements. Cloth generally fresh with minor rubbing to spine ends; gilt bright. A beautiful copy in very nearly fine condition. TREASURE ISLAND Stevenson Robert Louis London: Cassell and Company, 1883. First edition, first issue. In this copy the advertisements are dated "5G-783", the pagination is correctly printed on p.83, and the "7" is missing from the pagination on p.127. Map as called for opposite the title-page. 8vo, original red cloth with gil	Gulliver's Travels ( Into Several Remote Regions of the World ) eBook by Jonathan Swift - 1230000187085 \| Kobo Or, get it for 2400 Kobo Super Points! See if you have enough points for this eBook. Sign in Synopsis Show more Show less Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships, better known simply as Gulliver's Travels (1726, amended 1735), is a novel by Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. The book became popular as soon as it was published. John Gay wrote in a 1726 letter to Swift that "It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery." Since then, it has never been out of print.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,856	At which university was Samuel Beckett from 1923 to 1927?	Samuel Beckett - Trinity Writers : Trinity College Dublin Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) Sam Slote Samuel Barclay Beckett, one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century, was born in Foxrock, an affluent Dublin suburb, on 13 April (Good Friday) 1906. His family was of Protestant Huguenot stock and he enjoyed a comfortable childhood. He first attended the Earlsfort House School in Dublin, where he learned French to a high degree of proficiency (the school was bilingual). From 1920–1923 he followed his older brother Frank to the Portora Royal School in Enniskillen. He then went to Trinity College Dublin from 1923–1927, where he studied modern languages and, despite much stress, passed the Foundation Scholarship examination in 1926. His final results upon graduation earned him the Gold Medal. His tutor was the renowned Berkeley scholar A. A. Luce. In addition to his academic accomplishments, Beckett played on various College sports teams and had two first-class cricket matches against Northamptonshire in 1925 and 1926, making him the only Nobelist to merit an entry in Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack. From his first year at Trinity he caught the attention of Thomas Rudmose-Brown, Professor of Romance Languages. Rudmose-Brown specialised in French literature and was unusual for combining the traditional canon with more modern and experimental works. The depth, range, and eclecticism of Rudmose-Brown was to have a lasting impact upon Beckett. In 1983 Beckett admitted that ‘Much needed light came to me from “Ruddy”, from his teaching and friendship. I think of him often and always with affection and gratitude’ (quoted in Knowlson 1996, 48). As a student, Beckett also read widely in Italian literature – especially Dante – and English literature. ‘The Trinity years were crucial to SB, the smithy in which his soul was forged’ (Ackerley and Gontarski 2004, 589). In March 1927, at Rudmose-Brown’s recommendation, Beckett was nominated for a position as Trinity College’s exchange lecturer with the École Normale Supérieure in Paris upon his graduation; although his appointment was delayed a year due to a misunderstanding concerning the tenure of his predecessor, Thomas McGreevy. Beckett stayed in Paris for two years, from October 1928 until September 1930. Through McGreevy Beckett enjoyed his first entrée into the Parisian literary scene and met James Joyce. Beckett began a close friendship with McGreevy and their correspondence throughout the years affords a key perspective on Beckett’s maturation. In Paris, Beckett continued his friendship with Alfred Péron, a graduate of the École Normale Supérieure, who he had met previously at Trinity when the Frenchman had held the reciprocal position of lecteur. Beckett’s two years in Paris saw his first publications: an essay on Joyce’s Finnegans Wake (then being serialised as ‘Work in Progress’), a short story entitled ‘Assumption’, and some poems, including the separately published and award-winning ‘Whoroscope’, which proffers a parodic life of René Descartes and is based on J. P. Mahaffy’s biography of the same. A monograph on Proust, strongly influenced by Schopenhauer, was written quickly in the summer of 1930 and published the following year. Upon his return to Dublin, Beckett accepted a three year appointment as a Lecturer in French at Trinity, where he lived in House 40 (for his final undergraduate year, he had lived in House 39). His playful erudition found an outlet in a witty and well-received lecture, concerning a non-existent French poet he dubbed Jean de Chas, given to the Trinity Modern Languages Society. He also participated in a pastiche of Corneille’s Le Cid and Chaplin’s The Kid entitled ‘Le Kid’; this was written by Beckett’s Parisian friend Georges Pelorson, who had also taken up a post at Trinity. The play was performed at the Peacock Theatre by the Trinity Modern Languages Society. During this period Beckett visited Paris several times and collaborated with Péron on translating the ‘Anna Livia Plurabelle’ chapter from Finnegans Wake into French. However, Beckett s	Theatre Facts - Quick Theatre Facts - Fun Facts, Ticket Deals & Offers Kicky Wicky is a Shakespearean word meaning wife. There are over 5000 books on the subject of the disputed authorship of Shakespeare's works. The largest operating theatrical wardrobe department in the world is at Walt Disney World, Florida housing 1.2 million costumes. Disney's The Lion King closely follows the plot of Shakespeare's Hamlet. Sheridan's “The Rivals” was an instant flop, so he rewrote it in just 10 days and it became a hit. André Tchaikowsky bequeathed his skull to the RSC, which was used to play the famous Yorick in the 2008 production of Hamlet. Cambridge Footlights is rumoured to be the only Cambridge club big and profitable enough to pay corporation tax. Princess Diana once danced with Wayne Sleep to a Billy Joel record on stage at The Royal Opera House. Dublin theatre manager James Daly allegedly invented the word "quiz" on a bet that he could introduce a new word into the English language. The world's tallest proscenium arch in a theatre is at the Siam Niramit, Bangkok. It is 11.95m high. David Garrick was taught at school by Samuel Johnson, the writer of the dictionary. The first theatre to be named after an actor was the Garrick Theatre , London. (1889). The Kit Kat Club in Berlin took it's name from the club in Kander & Ebb's “Cabaret”. Playwright Bertolt Brecht was exiled from Nazi Germany. Later while in the USA, he was interrogated by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. If a prompt desk is on stage right it is known as a Bastard Prompt. The world record for most full costume changes for a leading character in a theatre production goes to Joe Casey (played by Michael Jibson) in the Madness musical Our House. He had 29 quick changes. The actor Patrick Stewart lost his hair at age 18. In England, during the reign of Oliver Cromwell (1642-1660), theatre was outlawed, but music was not, so many playwrights started writing libretto for opera. Actor, Brian Blessed is the oldest man to have trekked to the North Pole, he has survived a plane crash and has even had a boxing match with the Dalai Lama! The complete works of Shakespeare uses a vocabulary of 17,677 words. About 1,700 of these are words believed to have been invented by Shakespeare. American playwright Tennessee Williams is buried in St Louis, Missouri, despite his own wishes to be buried at sea. The residents of Oberammergau, Germany, put on an epic passion play every 10 years, which they have been doing since the town survived a plague outbreak in 1634. The Peacock Theatre stands on the site of a 17th century tennis court. When Rogers & Hammerstein’s “Carousel” opened previews in 1945 the ballet sequence was over an hour long and the show came down at 1:30 am! In The Phantom Of The Opera it takes the phantom 2 hours to apply makeup before the show. The Lyceum and New Amsterdam, both built 1903, are the oldest theatres on Broadway. Elizabethan theatre was so popular that in 1591 a law forced London theatres to close on Thursdays to give other entertainments, like the declining bear baiting industry, a chance. The Broadway production of Priscilla Queen of the Desert was produced by Bette Midler. In the original stage production of Singin’ In The Rain, Tommy Steele had to mime the title song as the rain was too noisy and would have damaged the microphone. Rick Lyon, the actor who originally played Trekkie Monster and Nicky in Avenue Q, also designed all of the puppets for the show. Architect of Sydney Opera House, Jørn Utzon, never visited the finished venue owing to a disagreement with the managers. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the president responsible for the theatre being built in the White House. Elizabethan playwright, Christopher Marlowe, was killed in argument over who would pay a bill. Elizabethan audiences were known to bang their chairs on the ground to show appreciation. There has been a theatre on the site of Theatre Royal Drury Lane since 1663. The current building is the 4th theatre, after 2 fires and 1 demolition. In 1971, The Who performed a serie	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,857	Who played The Lone Ranger in the 1950's TV series?	The Lone Ranger (TV Series 1949–1957) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The adventures of the masked hero and his Native American partner. Creators: The Lone Ranger and Tonto capture two renegade Indians responsible for a recent attack. Tonto points out the strange marking on their face. The Lone Ranger decides to investigate why peaceful Indians... 9.4 The Lone Ranger gets word that the town of Rock Point New Mexico is being terrorized by a strange midnight rider who has been staging hold ups all over New Mexico. The Lone Ranger decides to ... 9.3 The death of a prospector leads to the Lone Ranger inheriting half the value of a gold mine. Bandits kidnap the other person to inherit the money and attempt to imitate him. 9.2 a list of 24 titles created 18 Sep 2012 a list of 25 titles created 08 Aug 2014 a list of 46 titles created 11 months ago a list of 32 titles created 6 months ago a list of 31 titles created 4 months ago Title: The Lone Ranger (1949–1957) 8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 2 Primetime Emmys. Another 1 nomination. See more awards » Photos The Double R Ranch featured "The King of the Cowboys" Roy, his "Smartest Horse in the Movies" Trigger, "Queen of the West" Dale, her horse Buttermilk, their dog Bullet, and even Pat's jeep, Nellybelle. Stars: Dale Evans, Roy Rogers, Trigger Frontier hero Daniel Boone conducts surveys and expeditions around Boonesborough, running into both friendly and hostile Indians, just before and during the Revolutionary War. Stars: Fess Parker, Patricia Blair, Darby Hinton Marshal Earp keeps the law, first in Kansas and later in Arizona, using his over-sized pistols and a variety of sidekicks. Most of the saga is based loosely on fact, with historical badguys... See full summary » Stars: Hugh O'Brian, Jimmy Noel, Ethan Laidlaw After the Civil War, nomadic adventurer Cheyenne Bodie roamed the west looking for fights, women and bad guys to beat up. His job changed from episode to episode. Stars: Clint Walker, Clyde Howdy, Chuck Hicks Dressed-up dandy (derby and cane), gambler and lawman roams the West charming women and defending the unjustly accused. His primary weapon was his wit (and cane) rather than his gun. Stars: Gene Barry, Allison Hayes, Allen Jaffe A Civil War veteran with a sawed-off rifle as a holstered weapon makes a living as a bounty hunter in the Wild West of the 1870s. Stars: Steve McQueen, Wright King, Olan Soule Hopalong and his horse Topper catch bad guys with Red Connors for comic relief. Stars: William Boyd, Edgar Buchanan, Andy Clyde The Cisco Kid and his English-mangling sidekick Pancho travel the old west in the grand tradition of the Lone Ranger, righting wrongs and fighting injustice wherever they find it. Stars: Duncan Renaldo, Leo Carrillo, Troy Melton Mike Nelson is a Scuba Diver in the days when it was still very new. He works alone and the plot was always mostly carried through his voice over narrations. These gave the show a flavor of... See full summary » Stars: Lloyd Bridges, Ken Drake, Courtney Brown Stories of the journeys of a wagon train as it leaves post-Civil War Missouri on its way to California through the plains, deserts and Rocky Mountains. The first treks were led by gruff, ... See full summary » Stars: Frank McGrath, Terry Wilson, Robert Horton Lawman is the story of Marshal Dan Troop of Laramie, Wyoming and his deputy Johnny McKay, an orphan Troop took under his wing. In the second season Lily Merrill opens The Birdcage Saloon ... See full summary » Stars: John Russell, Peter Brown, Peggie Castle Gil Favor is trail boss of a continuous cattle drive; he is assisted by Rowdy Yates. The crew runs into characters and adventures along the way. Stars: Clint Eastwood, Paul Brinegar, Stev	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| Voice of Phil Archer dies aged 85 Voice of Phil Archer dies aged 85 Obituary: Norman Painting Norman Painting, the voice of Philip Archer on long-running Radio 4 drama The Archers, has died at the age of 85. Born in Leamington Spa in 1924, the actor played the Ambridge farmer since the show's first trial run in 1950. Painting wrote more than 1,000 scripts for the show between 1966 and 1982. He also penned a best-selling book on the programme, first published in 1975. He is featured in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest-serving actor in a single soap opera. In recent years, though, his appearances on The Archers have been limited due to ill health. He spent what was to be his final day in the studio on Tuesday last week. His final episode will be broadcast 22 November, when Phil Archer character will be surrounded by his grandchildren, preparing for Christmas. BBC director general Mark Thompson said he was "deeply saddened" to hear of Painting's death. "He rightly became renowned for his portrayal of Phil Archer, a role he created in the pilot episode in 1950, but he was also a gifted writer and talented, versatile broadcaster," he said. "He was a pillar of The Archers family, but to millions of listeners he became a friend and latterly a wonderful father figure. "His death leaves us with a great sense of loss but an even deeper feeling of gratitude for such a huge contribution to the BBC and its audiences over six decades." The show's editor, Vanessa Whitburn, also paid tribute to Painting, describing him as a "consummate professional". She said: "Norman always wanted to remain working on The Archers until he died - and I am delighted and proud of him that he achieved his wish." BBC Radio 4 controller Mark Damazer said: "Norman Painting was for almost 60 years a central figure in one of Radio 4's hallmark programmes. "As Phil Archer, he became a wonderful patriarch yet he had started decades earlier as a young romantic hero. "He will be deeply missed by the rest of The Archers team and his millions of fans." Appointed OBE in the New Year's Honours for 1976, he was vice-president of the Tree Council and the only honorary Life Governor of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. His autobiography, Reluctant Archer, was published in 1982. Dramatic In 2000, the actor revealed he had been diagnosed with bladder cancer but said it would not stop him recording episodes. "I see no reason why this illness should prevent me from continuing doing what I love ," he said at the time. Over the years Painting's pragmatic character has been involved in numerous key storylines. One long-running plot strand revolved around who would inherit Phil's farm after his retirement. One of his most dramatic moments, meanwhile, occurred in 1955 when his first wife Grace died in a barn fire while trying to save a horse. "Even when I'd read my script, I didn't really believe it was going to happen," Painting recalled on the 50th anniversary of the famous episode. It is widely believed the BBC scheduled the death deliberately to clash with ITV's first broadcast. In more recent years, the character - a former president of the National Farmers' Union - had been enjoying a quiet retirement, playing the church organ and photographing the heavens. Bookmark with:	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,858	What is the date of St Sylvester's Day?	St. Sylvester's Day \| Article about St. Sylvester's Day by The Free Dictionary St. Sylvester's Day \| Article about St. Sylvester's Day by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/St.+Sylvester%27s+Day Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . St. Sylvester's Day Sylvester Abend On December 31 the Roman Catholic Church honors St. Sylvester, a Roman Christian who became pope in 314 and continued in that role until his death in 335. His feast day falls on December 31 and is celebrated in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Life and Legends of St. Sylvester Little is known about Sylvester's life. His tenure as pope took place during the reign of the Roman emperor Constantine I. Legend claims that Sylvester played an active role in the conversion of Constantine to Christianity, but historians reject this tale. As Pope Sylvester witnessed the divisions between Christians caused by the rise of Arianism, a doctrine concerning the nature of Christ, he sent two representatives to the Council of Nicea. Convened by Emperor Constantine, the Council debated and rejected Arianism. His feast day was established in 1227 by Pope Gregory IX. At least one writer has suggested that his feast day was placed on December 31 for symbolic reasons. Just as December 31 ushers in a new year, so, too, did the conversion of the emperor Constantine usher in a new epoch in the history of Christianity. Customs Since Silvester Abend, or "Sylvester's Eve," is also New Year's Eve, many Germans and Austrians hold late-night parties (see also New Year's Day). In Germany these festive gatherings may include drinking, eating, dancing, singing, and fortune-telling. The traditional method of St. Sylvester's Eve fortune-telling is called Bleigiessen. This technique involves melting a small lump of lead in a spoon held over a candle. The molten lead is cast into a bowl of cold water. It hardens into a distinctive shape which is then interpreted to represent some aspect of one's fortune for the coming year. In at least one Swiss town - Urnäsch in Appenzell Canton - bands of mummers known as "Silvesterclausen" still parade through the streets in costumes, bells, and headdresses on December 31, as well as on St. Sylvester's Day Old Style, which falls on January 13 (see also Old Christmas Day). They visit homes, yodel three times, and are rewarded with wine by the occupants. Some of the customs associated with St. Sylvester's Day cannot easily be connected with the life of the saint. In past eras the Germans celebrated St. Sylvester's Day with mumming and noisemaking. In some parts of Austria, a rather sinister figure called Sylvester haunted New Year's Eve gatherings. He wore a grotesque mask, flaxen beard, and a wreath of mistletoe. He lurked in some dark corner until someone foolishly walked under the pine boughs suspended from the ceiling. Then he leaped forward, seized them, and roughly kissed them. At midnight the guests drove him away as the last remnant of the old year. Although this custom bears little association with the saint's life, it can be connected to the saint's name. The name "Sylvester" comes from the Latin word for forest, silva. Nearby forests probably provided the mistletoe associated with the startling Austrian Sylvester. Further Reading Brewster, H. Pomeroy. Saints and Festivals of the Christian Church. 1906. Reprint. Detroit, Mich.: Omnigraphics, 1990. Del Re, Gerard, and Patricia Del Re. The Christmas Almanack. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979. MacDonald, Margaret Read, ed. The Folklore of World Holidays. Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, 1992. Miles, Clement A. Christmas in Ritual and Tradition. 1912. Reprint. Detroit, Mich.: Omnigraphics, 1990. Stevens, Patricia Bunning. Merry Christmas!: A History of the Holiday. New York: Macmillan, 1979. Web Site A site sponsored by German instructor Robert J. Shea, Missouri: St. Sylvester's Day Type of Holiday: Religious (Christian) Date of Observation: December 31 Where Celebrated: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland Symbols and Customs: Bells, Pig Rela	St. David's Day -- Dydd Dewi Sant -- March 1 Advanced Search St. David’s Day — Dydd Dewi Sant St. David, Dewi Sant, is the patron saint of the Welsh, and March 1, his feast day, is celebrated as a patriotic and cultural festival by the Welsh in Wales and around the world. Dewi Sant was a Celtic monk of the sixth century. His mother was Non. The ruins of a small chapel dedicated to her memory may be seen near St. David’s Cathedral. Its ruins remain there now. His father was Sant, a son of Ceredig, King of Cardigan. Little is known for certain about Dewi Sant, but he founded several religious centers in Wales and western England, was consecrated archbishop during a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and led an ascetic life. An account of his life was written towards the end of the 11th century by Rhygyfarch, a monk at Llanbadarn Fawr near Aberystwyth. Many prophesies were said to have preceded the birth of Dewi Sant, and many miracles were attributed to him. One miracle often recounted is that once when Dewi was preaching to a crowd at Llandewi Brefi those on the outer edges could not hear, so he spread a handkerchief on the ground, and stood on it to preach, whereupon the ground swelled up beneath him, and all could hear. A short account of Dewi Sant has been given by Nona Rees in St. David of Dewisland. March 1, the date given by Rhygyfarch for the death of Dewi Sant, was celebrated as a religious festival up until the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. In the 18th century it became a national festival among the Welsh, and continues as such to this day. The celebration usually entails singing and eating, which may mean a meal followed by singing, or much singing followed by a Te Bach, tea with teisen bach and bara brith. Y Ddraig Goch , the Red Dragon, is flown as a flag or worn as a pin or pendant, and leeks are worn, and sometimes eaten. In schools in Wales the boys take leeks to school, status being given to those who bring the biggest leeks, and eat them earliest in the day. The heraldic emblem of Wales is Y Ddraig Goch, the Red Dragon. The emblem of Wales is the leek, arising from an occasion when a troop of Welsh were able to distinguish each other from a troop of English enemy dressed in similar fashion by wearing leeks. An alternative emblem developed in recent years is the daffodil, used and preferred over the leek by the English government as it lacks the overtones of patriotic defiance associated with the leek. St. David’s Day meetings are not boisterous celebrations of democracy and freedom in Wales, but rather the subdued remembrance allowed a captive nation under colonial rule. For more information …	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,859	In which 1966 Alfred Hitchcock film did Julie Andrews star with Paul Newman?	Torn Curtain (1966) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error An American scientist publicly defects to East Germany as part of a cloak and dagger mission to find the solution for a formula resin before planning an escape back to the West. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 34 titles created 27 Mar 2012 a list of 28 titles created 24 Feb 2013 a list of 24 titles created 14 Oct 2013 a list of 48 titles created 04 Dec 2014 a list of 30 titles created 05 May 2015 Search for " Torn Curtain " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. A French intelligence agent becomes embroiled in the Cold War politics first with uncovering the events leading up to the 1962 Cuban Missle Crisis, and then back to France to break up an international Russian spy ring. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Lighthearted suspense film about a phony psychic/con artist and her taxi driver/private investigator boyfriend who encounter a pair of serial kidnappers while trailing a missing heir in California. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Mark marries Marnie although she is a habitual thief and has serious psychological problems, and tries to help her confront and resolve them. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A serial murderer is strangling women with a necktie. The London police have a suspect, but he is the wrong man. Director: Alfred Hitchcock The trouble with Harry is that he's dead, and everyone seems to have a different idea of what needs to be done with his body... Director: Alfred Hitchcock A family vacationing in Morocco accidentally stumble on to an assassination plot and the conspirators are determined to prevent them from interfering. Director: Alfred Hitchcock True story of an innocent man mistaken for a criminal. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Aircraft factory worker Barry Kane goes on the run across the United States when he is wrongly accused of starting a fire that killed his best friend. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A priest who comes under suspicion for murder cannot clear his name without breaking the seal of the confessional. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A young woman discovers her visiting uncle may not be the man he seems to be. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A struggling actress tries to help a friend prove his innocence when he's accused of murdering the husband of a high society entertainer. Director: Alfred Hitchcock When a reformed jewel thief is suspected of returning to his former occupation, he must ferret out the real thief in order to prove his innocence. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Edit Storyline Professor Michael Armstrong is heading to Copenhagen to attend a physics conference accompanied by his assistant-fiancée Sarah Sherman. Once arrived however, Michael informs her that he may be staying for awhile and she should return home. She follows him and realizes he's actually heading to East Germany, behind the Iron Curtain. She follows him there and is shocked when he announces that he's defecting to the East after the US government canceled his research project. In fact, Michael is there to obtain information from a renowned East German scientist. Once the information is obtained, he and Sarah now have to make their way back to the West. Written by garykmcd Suspense! Azione! Sorpresa! [Suspense! Action! Surprise!] See more » Genres: July 1966 (UK) See more » Also Known As: This was Alfred Hitchcock 's fiftieth film. See more » Goofs When Professor Michael Armstrong (Paul Newman) is writing the address on a piece of paper in the beginning of the movie he writes: Kobenavn. The actual spelling is: Kobenhavn. See more » Quotes [first lines] Professor Karl Manfred : Are they ever going to get the heating fixed? Norwegian crewman: They are working at it, Professor. Perhaps some of you scientists would like to give us a helping ha	Alma Reville : definition of Alma Reville and synonyms of Alma Reville (English) Matthew Edward Reville (father) Lucy Somebody (mother) Alma Reville, Lady Hitchcock (14 August 1899 – 6 July 1982) was an English assistant director , screenwriter and editor . She was the second daughter of Matthew Edward and Lucy Reville ( née Somebody). [1] She is best known as the wife of Sir Alfred Hitchcock , whom she met while they were working together at Paramount 's Famous Players-Lasky studio in London , during the early 1920s. A talented editor, Alma worked on British films with directors such as Berthold Viertel and Maurice Elvey , though her main focus was her husband’s work. Cinema was the couple’s passion. She converted to Roman Catholicism before their marriage. [2] Alma was one day younger than her husband. They married on 2 December 1926 at Brompton Oratory in London ; their daughter Patricia Hitchcock was born on 7 July 1928. Alma became his collaborator and sounding board, with a keen ear for dialogue and an editor's sharp eye for scrutinising a film's final version for continuity flaws so minor they escaped Hitchcock's own notice and that of his crew. It was Reville who noticed Janet Leigh inadvertently swallowing after her character's fatal encounter with Norman Bates' mother in Psycho (1960), necessitating an alteration to the negative. She was particularly good at revising dialogue and spotting inconsistencies in his plots. Alma Reville died of natural causes at the age of 82, two years after Hitchcock's death. She had suffered from breast cancer some years before her death, but made a full recovery from the illness. Further reading Alma Hitchcock: The Woman Behind the Man by Patricia Hitchcock O'Connell and Laurent Bouzereau (Berkley, 2003) References ^ Adair, Gene. Alfred Hitchcock: Filming Our Fears. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-19-511967-3 External links	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,860	Which lighthouse, west of the Scilly Isles, marks the Eastern end of the North Atlantic shipping route at which the time for the Blue Riband is measured?	The Isles of Scilly 2014 Combined Islands & Accommodation Guide by Visit Isles of Scilly - issuu issuu Issuu on Google+ ST. MARY’S TRESCO ST. MARTIN’S BRYHER ST. AGNES FOREWORD BY MICHAEL MORPURGO, FORMER CHILDREN’S LAUREATE, AND AUTHOR OF WAR HORSE Scilly is used to migrants, or visitors, or invaders, or blow-ins, call us what you will. For explorers and sailors and birds and tourists this has been over the centuries a place of refuge, a welcome safe haven. Sometimes one of these blow-ins stays and becomes in time a Scillonian, finds a home here. Then there are others who blow in from time to time throughout their lives and become almost Scillonian. Certainly they feel a sense of belonging. My wife Clare is one of those. She first came here when she was two in 1944; faced down the U boats to get here. Back she came every year for a while. Pentle Bay was her playground, where she first saw oystercatchers and heard their piping. Back she came with her children and her husband (who it has to be said did not want to come; how could I get my café au lait and croissants on this scattering of islands in the Atlantic?) Back we come with grandchildren and friends, time and again. She reads avidly while she’s here, I scribble my stories, one or two of them set here. We walk, we talk. Every footpath on Bryher we know. We know where the best blackberries are, where the oystercatchers gather before dusk. We’re on Rushy Bay in wind or sun and look out to Samson and think of how it was to live there all those years ago, to row out there in a gig in the teeth of a gale to rescue people (and cows) from a wreck. We stomp over to Hell Bay to get blown and buffeted about. We have tea at Fraggle Rock, buy a crab for supper from Mr and Mrs Pender, and then as the evening sun goes down (or the evening wind blows) sit on a rock on Green Bay and are content. I have been raving about the place since I first went there in the sixties and have yet to meet a disappointed first-time visitor Bill Oddie, Daily Express 6 Features 6 Like nowhere in England 8 Ten reasons to love Scilly 15 Your journey to Scilly 18 Getting around the islands 40 Don't leave Scilly without... 52 Natural Scilly 56 Islands guide 24 St. Mary's 30 Tresco 32 St. Martin's 34 Bryher 64 36 St. Agnes Staying on Scilly 64 Finding the perfect place... 66 Accommodation index 72 Accommodation listings 112 Island maps ISLAND S GUIDE Hell Bay author Sam Llewellyn on the joys of arriving under sail Fay Page talks about her childhood memories of visiting the islands Man Booker Prize nominee Jim Crace's passion for fulmars Award winning photographer Carolyn Mendelsohn's impressions LIKE NOWHERE IN ENGLAND The Isles of Scilly are like nowhere else in England. Outstandingly beautiful, uncrowded and unspoilt, they lie just off the coast of Cornwall but seem like a world apart. Everything looks and feels quite different here. Life seems to move at an easier pace. The adventure begins as you arrive by small plane or by boat. You immediately sense that you have discovered something very special as you glimpse this cluster of low-lying islands amid a turquoise sea. Some fringed by rocks, others by white sandy beaches, but all bathed in a light of vibrant intensity. It feels as if you have begun a journey to another world – a simpler, kinder and more innocent place to be. The Scilly adventure continues as you hop from island to island by boat, experiencing many natural wonders – basking sharks, seals, dolphins and a multitude of rare birds. Some visitors crave the deep sense of tradition here, immersing themselves in history and myth. Others come to walk, to cycle, to sail or to enjoy the heightened creativity of island life through painting, photography or crafts. Many love to lose themselves in the sights and scents of the sub-tropical plants and flowers that give Scilly its distinctive landscape; and everyone can savour the flavour of fresh seafood in beachside cafés and local ales at a traditional pub. All this, plus life’s simplest pleasures: from beachcombing barefoot on deserted bea	Macclesfield Pub Quiz League: February 2011 Macclesfield Pub Quiz League 22nd Feb–Cup/Plate Semi Finals Questions set by Plough Horntails and the Dolphin 1. How many hoops are used in the standard game of Croquet? A, 6. 2. Which African kingdom was known as Basutoland before it gained independence in 1966? A. Lesotho. 3. The work "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures" is the textbook of which religious movement founded in 1879? A. Christian Science. 4. What is the fruit of the Blackthorn called? A. The Sloe. 5. How many countries sit on the full United Nations Security Council? A. 15. 6. According to the book of Genesis, which land lay to the "east of Eden"? A. The Land of Nod. 7. What is the name of the southernmost point of Africa? A. Cape Agulhas (note: The Cape of Good Hope is just south of Cape Town and is NOT correct). 8. Responding to a pressing issue in year 1095, what appeal did Pope Urban II make to Kings, Nobles and Knights in a sermon at the Council of Clermont? A. Please help to regain the Holy Lands… the First Crusade. (Accept any answer relating to freeing Jerusalem from Moslems/ Mohammadens / Turks/ Saracens) 9. Who holds the post of High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy of the European Union? A. Baroness Ashton (Accept Catherine Ashton). 10. Which city was awarded the 1944 Summer Olympic Games? A. London. 11. In which country did the Maoist organization the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) operate? A. Peru. 12. Which major city’s name translates into English as Fragrant Harbour? A. Hong Kong. 13. In which country was the Granny Smith apple first grown? A. Australia (in 1868) 15. Who was the architect of Coventry Cathedral? A. Basil Spence. 16. Who opened an historic address to his people with the following, “In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in our history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.” A. King George VI (as taken from the King’s Speech) 17. Which car company makes the Alhambra model? A. Seat. 18. Which car company makes a model called the Sirion? A. Diahatsu 19. What is the Nationality of Stefaan Engels who set a World record on Saturday 5th February in Barcelona by completing a marathon every day for a year, a total of 9,569 miles? A. Belgian. 20. Who wrote Memoirs of a Fox-hunting Man and Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, as well as collections of poetry? A. Siegfried Sassoon. 21. Approximately what percentage of the planet’s surface is covered by Tropical rainforests? A. 2% (but they are home to more than 50% species on Earth). Accept any figure less than 5%. 22. What is the name of the point on the Celestial sphere directly below an observer or a given position? A. Nadir. (Note this is the opposite of zenith). 23. What is the term, of French origin, loosely translated 'into mouth', for using facial muscles and shaping the lips for the mouthpiece to play a woodwind or brass musical instrument? A. Embouchure (origin, em = into, bouche = mouth) also accept embrasure. 24. In his 2011 memoir, ‘Known and Unknown’, which US ex-politician tries to deflect blame onto others including Colin Powell and Condoleeza Rice, for Iraq War mistakes? A. Donald Rumsfeld. (The book title alludes to Rumsfeld's famous statement: "There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know..." The statement was made by Rumsfeld on February 12, 2002 at a press briefing addressing the absence of evidence linking the Iraq government with the supply of weapons of mass destruction to terrorist groups.) 25. How many vertices (corners) has a regular dodecahedron (a dodecahedron is a 3D form with 12 faces)? A. 20. 26. The Salmon River in Idaho, USA is known by what nickname, It is also the name of a 1954 film, whose title soundtrack was recorded b	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,861	Which British playwright wrote Educating Rita, Blood Brothers and Shirley Valentine?	'Blood Brothers' to open at Charter Arts High School - The Morning Call 'Blood Brothers' to open at Charter Arts High School Aria Sivick, Robert Stinner, Kristina D'Amico play the three narrators in Blood Brothers A musical that explores what happens when fraternal twins are separated at birth and raised in different social classes will be presented at Lehigh Valley Charter High School for the Arts in Bethlehem. “Blood Brothers” by British playwright Willy Russell, who also wrote “Educating Rita” and “Shirley Valentine,” will be presented April 15-19 in the Charter Arts Black Box Theatre. The musical is loosely based on the 1844 novella, “The Corsican Brothers.” Twins Mickey and Eddie are raised by different families — one upper class and one lower class. Eddie goes to college and becomes a lawyer while Mickey loses his job and eventually goes to prison. Both fall in love with the same woman, which leads to tragic results. The production is directed and choreographed by Ashley Tait Weller and stars Albert Nelthropp as Mickey Johnstone and Brayden Nace as Edward Lyons, the separated twin. As their repsective mothers, Lynsey Jeffery is Mrs. Johnstone and Kara Snyder is Mrs. Lyons. Robert Stinner, Aria Sivick and Kristina D’Amico serve as narrator. Musical Direction is by Lynn Flickinger and Neil Chaban, the 9-piece orchestra is conducted by Matt Wells, and technical direction and set design is by Peter Wrenn-Meleck. The 1993 Broadway production received six Tony Award nominations, including for best musical, and has developed a cult following. Popular songs from the show include “Tell Me It’s Not True” , “Easy Terms”, and “Marilyn Monroe.” “Blood Brothers,” 7 p.m. April 15-18 and 2 p.m. April 19, Lehigh Valley Charter High School for the Arts, 675 E. Broad St., Bethlehem. Tickets: $15, adults; $10, students and seniors. www.charterarts.org.	General Knowledge Quiz - By Zarbo84 The fictional character John Clayton is better known by what name? La Paz is the administrative capital of which South American country? Actor Charles Buchinsky was better known by what name? The medical condition ‘aphonia’ is the inability to do what? In Greek mythology, Pygmalion was the king of which Island? Who played the title role in the 1953 film ‘The Glenn Miller Story’? A third wedding anniversary is traditionally represented by which material? In the Bible, what sign did God give Noah that the earth would not be flooded again? In August 2011 NASA announced that photographic evidence had been captured of possible liquid water of which planet in our solar system? The restored tomb of which dramatist was unveiled in Paris in November 2011, after being ruined by lipstick smears left by thousands of kisses? What was the name of the hurricane which hit the East Coast of America in August 2011? On 11th March 2011 a 9.1 magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of which country? Convict George Joseph Smith was known as the ‘Brides in the ‘what’ murderer’? In the human body, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is commonly known by what name? A peregrine is what type of bird? What is the name of the highly toxic protein obtained from the pressed seeds of the castor oil plant? Which British pop musician/actor was actress Sadie Frost’s first husband? British singer Gaynor Hopkins is better known by what name? Who played Ron Kovic in the 1989 film ‘Born on the Fourth of July’? Ben Gurion International Airport is in which country? Which basketball star is kidnapped by cartoon characters in the 1996 film ‘Space Jam’? In the tv series The A Team, what does B.A. stand for in the name B.A. Baracus? In medicine, metritis is the inflammation of which part of the body? In which year was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in the USA? In the human body, where is the atrium? The OK Corral is in which US town? In Greek mythology, Amphitrite, queen of the sea, was the wife of which god? Which British boxer bought one of the original ‘Only Fools and Horses’ Reliant Robins in 2004? Actor Roy Harold Scherer was better known by what name? Anna Gordy was the first wife of which late soul singer? Who played Heinrich Himmler in the 1976 film ‘The Eagle Has Landed’? Which is the fastest rotating planet in our solar system? Which country was invaded by Iraq in 1990? Cobalt, Cyan and Cerulean are shades of which colour? In 1936, Joseph Bowers was the first inmate to attempt an escape from which prison? In the 18th Century, the British Royal Navy ordered limes and lemons to be carried on board ships as a remedy for which disease? In which US state were the 1692 Witch Trials held? Question Who was the father of English monarch Edward VI? Vermicide is a substance used for killing which creatures? Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs were two elderly residents in which UK tv sitcom? Who was US actor Mickey Rooney’s first wife? The resort town of Sliema is on which Mediterranean island? In the Bible, what is the Decalogue more commonly known as? In Greek mythology, Hypnos was the god of what? Which real-life couple starred in the 1994 remake of the film ‘The Getaway’? American 1940′s murder victim Elizabeth Short was known by what posthumous nickname? British monarch Henry VIII married which of his wives in 1540? In February 1983 which US writer choked to death on the cap from a bottle of eye drops? Which US gangster was released from Alcatraz prison in November 1939? Who built the Roman wall which divided England and Scotland? In the human body, the hallux is more commonly known by what name? The liqueur Maraschino is flavoured with which fruit? Which famous US outlaw shot the cashier of a savings bank in Gallatin Missouri in 1869? Kathmandu is the capital of which country? TAP is the chief airline of which European country? In November 2002, which member of the British royal family was convicted and fined for violating the Dangerous Dogs Act? Tommy Lee plays which instrument in the band Motley Crue? The Wang River i	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,862	‘The Dream of Gerontius’ is the 1900 work of which English composer?	The Dream of Gerontius \| work by Elgar \| Britannica.com The Dream of Gerontius THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. Learn about this topic in these articles: in Sir Edward Elgar ...in 1899, brought Elgar recognition as a leading composer and became his most frequently performed composition. In 1900 there followed another major work, the oratorio The Dream of Gerontius, which many consider his masterpiece. Based on a poem by John Henry Cardinal Newman, it dispensed with the traditional admixture of recitatives, arias, and choruses,... in oratorio: Oratorio after 1750 A masterpiece of 20th-century English oratorio is Sir Edward Elgar’s Dream of Gerontius (1900). The poem by Cardinal Newman on which it is based has a dramatic framework within which the music could expand without becoming disorderly. Igor Stravinsky’s opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), with a Latin text, was most successful in the opera house. The Swiss Frank Martin was one of...	Summary of 'Under Milkwood' (Higher School Certificate 1998) This is a very old set of notes on English texts, written for the NSW Higher School Certificate in 1998. It may be useful to students studying the text, but does not reflect any current syllabus. Summary of Under Milkwood (Higher School Certificate 1998) Under Milkwood, Dylan Thomas, 1972. Night and Dreams. First voice begins, night-time in Llareggub. The babies, boys, girls, women and men are dreaming. All is quiet. Captain Cat is dreaming of his past, the drowned are speaking to him. The sailors joke and laugh to him, all dead together, with Rosie Probert, whom many shared. Myfanwy Price, the dressmaker, is dreaming of Mog Edwards, the draper. Jack Black dreams joyfully of catching the 'naughty couples'. Evans Death, the undertaker dreams of a childhood day, stealing currants from his mother. Mister Waldo dreams of his mother and his wife. The neighbours gossip - he is a bad man, he is playing behind his wife's back. When his wife is dead, the neighbours gossip about Little Master Waldo that was, creating mischief and kissing girls. Mrs Ogmore-Pritchard is in her clean bed, instructing her dead husbands on their daily duties. Gossamer Beynon dreams of her 'small rough ready man'. Organ Morgan cries out at a symphony of neighbourhood chaos in his street. Mr Utah Watkins wakes all night, counting wife-sheep, who bleat and knit. Cherry Owen wakes at the pub with his bottle. PC Attila Rees rises in haste and is dragged back to bed. Willy Nilly delivers the post and spanks his wife. Butcher Beynon's teasing extends into his wife's dreams, and he is prosecuting for selling unsavoury and illegal varieties of meat. The cries of the dreamers echo around each other. And the Reverend Eli Jenkins dreams of Eisteddfodau poetry, Mr Pugh dreams he is pretending to sleep, to be able to murder his wife. Mrs Organ Morgan takes refuge in the silence of her dreams. Mary Ann Sailors dreams of Eden. Dai Bread dreams of harems, Polly Garter of babies, Nogood Boyo of nothing, and Lord Cut-Glass of clocks. "Young girls lie bedded soft or glide in their dreams, with rings and trousseaux, bridesmaided by glow-worms down the aisles of the organ playing wood. The boys are dreaming wicked or of the bucking ranches of the night and the jollyrodgered sea." - First Voice, male and female theme. "Time passes. Listen. Time passes." - First Voice. "From where you are, you can hear their dreams." - First Voice. "Oh my dead dears!" - Captain Cat. "And all the bells of the tills of the town shall ring for our wedding. [Noise of money-tills and chapel bells]" - Mog Edwards. "Oh, what'll the neighbours say, what'll the neighbours..." - Mrs Waldo. "To be your awful wedded wife" - Preacher. "Alone until she dies, Bessie Bighead..." - First Voice "saliva and snowflakes and moulted feathers of dreams..." - Second Voice. "Mr Pugh, schoolmaster, fathoms asleep, pretends to be sleeping..." - First Voice Morning. The First Voice speaks of the hill, with all the town sleeping below. The Guide-Book comes, in giving an outsider's perspective of the town - that there is nothing of interest within it, excepting a quaint feel of the past. When the cock crows, the sun rises. Captain Cat pulls the bell-rope. Reverend Eli Jenkins, rises, dresses, and recites his poetry to Coronation Street. Lily Smalls wakes, and sings a song to her ugly reflection, and then leans close to the mirror and breathes her lover's name. Mrs Beynon cries out to her, and Lily mutters under her breath as she takes the tea down. Mr Pugh walks down stairs, gleefully reciting the poisons he could place in tea. Mrs Pugh complains the tea is too sugary, or too milky. She takes her glasses, and snipes about Lily Smalls washing the steps. She sees PC Attila Rees, and wonders whether he is abut to arrest Polly Garter, for having babies. Mary Ann Sailors opens her window and cries out her age to the town. Organ Morgan is playing. Mr Dai Bread is in a hurry, and curses his wives. His wives reveal their different functions and personalities - one the r	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,863	Edith of Wessex was the wife of which pre-Norman English king, born c. 1003 AD?	Ælfgifu (1002 - 1042) - Genealogy Genealogy Join the world's largest family tree Gender Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Ælfgifu Also Known As: "Ael-Gifu (Ael-Wife = Ael's Given)", "Ælfgifu", "Elgiva", "Edith /Elgiva/", "Elfgifu //", "Elgiva (Algifu) of /England/", "Ælfgifu "Elgiva", "Aelfgifu", "Edith"" Birthdate: Mercia, The Land of the Tomsaetians, England Death: Apr 16 997 - Wessex, Devon, England Death: Apr 16 997 - Wessex, Devon, England Death: Apr 16 997 - Wessex, Anglo Saxon Kingdom, England Death: Aethelred Ethelred Mucel Unready Wessex, Alfgifu Aelflaed Gunnarsson England Denormandie Husband: Apr 16 997 - Wessex, Anglo Saxon Kingdom, England Death: Uchtred "the Bold" 3rd Earl Of Northumbria Daughter: Apr 16 997 - Wessex, Anglo Saxon Kingdom, England Death: Uchtred "the Bold" 3rd Earl Of Northumbria Daughter: Uchtred "the Bold" De Northumbria Husband: 1098 - Northumberland, England Parents: Ethelred Ii The Unready King Of England Kent Wessex, Alfgifu Aelflaed Of York Gunnarsson King Of England Kent Wessex (born Queen Of England) Siblings: 1098 - Somme, Picardie, France Parents: ..."the Redeless" "the Redless" King Of England, Alfgifu "the Redless" King Of England (født Aelflaed Of England) Brother: Edmund "the Magnificent King Of England, Aelfgifu Shaftesbury Siblings: ...ngland, Edith England, Eadmund England, Edred Von England, Goda England, Edred England, Wulfhild Von England, Edgiva Von England, Adgina ... Ælfgifu, or Elgiva, was the third wife of Uchtred of Northumbria daughter of Æthelred II Unræd, King of England & his first wife Ælflæd Two children, both daughters, both born 1016 or earlier: 1. Ealdgyth (Ælfgifa) who married Maldred MacCrínán 2. (nameless) mother of Siward and Ealdred http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm#AelfgifuMUhtredNorthumbria m thirdly ([1009/16]) ÆLFGIFU, daughter of ÆTHELRED II King of England & his first wife Ælflæd ---. Simeon of Durham's Account of the Siege of Durham records the third marriage of "Cospatric's son…Ucthred" (although from the context "Cospatric" appears to be an error for "Waltheof") and "king Ethelred…his…daughter Elfgiva"[333]. She is named as daughter of King Æthelred by Roger of Hoveden, when he records her marriage[334]. Her marriage date is estimated on the assumption that it is unlikely that she would have been married before her older sister Eadgyth. Earl Uhtred & his third wife had [two children]: 4. EALDGYTH [Ælfgifu] (1016 or before-). Simeon of Durham names "Algiva daughter of earl Uchtred [and] of Algiva daughter of king Agelred" when recording that her father arranged her marriage to "Maldred the son of Crinan"[367], although her father was long since dead when she married. She is named as daughter of Uhtred and Elgiva by Roger of Hoveden, who also names her husband and his father[368]. m ([before 1040]) MALDRED Lord of Allerdale, Regent of Strathclyde, son of CRINAN "the Thane" Mormaer of Atholl [Scotland] & his wife Bethoc of Scotland Lady of Atholl (-[killed in battle 1045]). 5. [daughter (1016 or before-). Her parentage has not been confirmed by primary sources. However, her husband is named as the father of Siward and Ealdred by Orderic Vitalis[369], the brothers being described as "pronepotes" of King Edward "the Confessor". Assuming this relationship is correctly translated as great-nephew, their father would have been either the king's nephew or married to the king's niece. If Æthelgar had been the king's blood relation, it is likely that he would have been referred to in other contemporary sources which appears not to have been the case. It is therefore more probable that it was Æthelgar's wife who was related to the king, a relationship through Ælfgifu daughter of King Æthelred II being the most likely possibility given the lack of information on descendants of any of the other daughters of King Æthelred.] m ÆTHELGAR (-before 1066). It is assumed that he had recently predeceased his sons in early 1067 when t	Timeline of the Kings & Queens of England There have been 66 monarchs of England and Britain spread over a period of 1500 years. SAXON KINGS EGBERT 827 - 839 Egbert (Ecgherht) was the first monarch to establish a stable and extensive rule over all of Anglo-Saxon England. After returning from exile at the court of Charlemagne in 802, he regained his kingdom of Wessex. Following his conquest of Mercia in 827, he controlled all of England south of the Humber. After further victories in Northumberland and North Wales, he is recognised by the title Bretwalda ( Anglo-Saxon , "ruler of the British". A year before he died aged almost 70, he defeated a combined force of Danes and Cornish at Hingston Down in Cornwall. He is buried at Winchester in Hampshire. AETHELWULF 839-856 King of Wessex , son of Egbert and father of Alfred the Great. In 851 Aethelwulf defeated a Danish army at the battle of Oakley while his eldest son Althelstan fought and beat the Danes at sea off the coast of Kent , in what is believed to be the first naval battle. A highly religous man, Athelwulf travelled to Rome with his son Alfred to see the Pope in 855. AETHELBALD 856 - 860 The eldest son of Aethelwulf, Æthelbald was born around 834. He was crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames in southwest London, after forcing his father to abdicate upon his return from pilgrimage to Rome. Following his fathers death in 858, he married his widowed stepmother Judith, but under pressure from the church the marriage was annulled after only a year. He is buried at Sherbourne Abbey in Dorset . AETHELBERT 860 - 866 Became king following the death of his brother Æthelbald. Like his brother and his father, Aethelbert (pictured to the right) was crowned at Kingston-Upon-Thames. Shortly after his succession a Danish army landed and sacked Winchester before being defeated by the Saxons. In 865 the Viking Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia and swept across England. He is buried at Sherborne Abbey. AETHELRED I 866 - 871 Aethelred succeeded his brother Aethelbert. His reign was one long struggle with the Danes who had occupied York in 866, establishing the Viking kingdom of Yorvik . When the Danish Army moved south Wessex itself was threatened, and so together with his brother Alfred, they fought several battles with the Vikings at Reading, Ashdown and Basing. Aethelred suffered serious injuries during the next major battle at Meretun in Hampshire; he died of his wounds shortly after at Witchampton in Dorset, where he was buried. ALFRED THE GREAT 871 - 899 - son of AETHELWULF Born at Wantage in Berkshire around 849, Alfred was well educated and is said to have visited Rome on two occasions. He had proven himself to be a strong leader in many battles, and as a wise ruler managed to secure five uneasy years of peace with the Danes, before they attacked Wessex again in 877. Alfred was forced to retreat to a small island in the Somerset Levels and it was from here that he masterminded his comeback, perhaps ' burning the cakes ' as a consequence. With major victories at Edington, Rochester and London, Alfred established Saxon Christian rule over first Wessex, and then on to most of England. To secure his hard won boundaries Alfred founded a permanent army and an embryonic Royal Navy. To secure his place in history, he began the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. EDWARD (The Elder) 899 - 924 Succeeded his father Alfred the Great. Edward retook southeast England and the Midlands from the Danes. Following the the death of his sister Aethelflaed of Mercia , Edward unites the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia. In 923, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles record that the Scottish King Constantine II recognises Edward as "father and lord". The following year, Edward is killed in a battle against the Welsh near Chester . His body is returned to Winchester for burial. ATHELSTAN 924 - 939 Son of Edward the Elder, Athelstan extended the boundaries of his kingdom at the Battle of Brunanburh in 937. In what is said to be one of the bloodiest battles ever fought on British soil, Athelstan defeated a combined army of Scots	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,864	How was Lev Davidovitch Bronstein better known?	Lev Davidovich Bronstein \| HolodomorInfo.com by holodomorinfo in Gulag , Lenin , Marx , Tsar Nicholas II , Tzar Alexander II and tagged Communism , Jacob Schiff , Jews , Leon Trotsky , Lev Davidovich Bronstein , Max Warburg , Red Army , Russia , The Peoples Will , Trotsky , Tsar Nicholas II , Tzar Alexander II , Vera Figner , Vladimir Lenin , Zionism \| 10 Comments “For pure murderous evil, there has never been a force to compare with Communism and Leon Trotsky…never before or since did one people construct a vast industry of death for the sole purpose of rounding up and destroying every single member of another people. The Jewish Bolshevik under orders and overseen by Trotsky, killed so many Europeans the death toll surpasses 100 million.” TO THE VICTIMS OF COMMUNISM, LEST WE FORGET By Jeff Jacoby The Boston Globe December 7, 1995 Lev Davidovich Bronstein better known as Leon Trotsky, was a Jewish communist, mass murderer and Marxist ideologue. After Lenin’s Judeo-Bolsheviks enslaved Russia and manufactured a cover known as a Soviet Empire, Trotsky acted as Commissar of Foreign Affairs and later Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs. He was among the first members of the Politburo. Trotsky is best known as the founder of the Red Army, as well as his criminal role in the Holodomor genocides against Europe. The Red Army torture squad was controlled by Leon Trotsky, while the state itself was headed by Lenin. The most high-profile victims of the early phase of the genocide were the European Monarch Tsar Nicholas II and his entire family . Incidentally 30 years before in 1881 another Tsar was murdered by a Jew. The assassination of Tzar Alexander II by a Jewish terrorist called Vera Figner (Leader of a terrorist group called The Peoples Will) was later linked to Lenin adding a more profound emphasis to the royal slaughter “Actually, the decision was not only expedient but necessary. The severity of this summary justice showed the world that we would continue to fight mercilessly, stopping at nothing. The execution of the Tsar’s family was needed not only in order to frighten, horrify, and dishearten the enemy but also in order to shake up our own ranks, to show them that there was no turning back, that ahead lay either complete victory or complete ruin.” —Leon Trotsky, Trotsky’s Diary in Exile, 1935 Much of this was carried out under the pseudo-rationale of “class war” (sometimes called the Red Terror), despite the fact that most of the Jews in positions of control were university educated and from middle-class backgrounds. This quote by Trotsky highlights how those of Jewish heritage felt about those of European blood. “England is nothing but the last ward of the European madhouse, and quite possibly it will prove to be the ward for particularly violent cases.” It has been estimated that 13 million Europeans were exterminated during this period and almost all of the positions of power were in the hands of Jews. Trotsky advocated a ‘Permanent Revolution’ that facilitated the ‘revolutionary holocaust’ revealed by Marx. Funded by Jacob Schiff and Max Warburg, Trotsky was the preferred candidate of the international Jewish bankers. However, perhaps it was most fortuitous for the Jewish Lenin ’s largely Jewish Bolshevik regime to install the gentile Stalin for Communism’s next phase. He is visibly the Jewish tribe’s scapegoat for their murderous regime and conceivably their opening for re-packaging Communism. Scepticism has arisen about the authenticity of Lenin’s last Testament with regards to statements made about his successor. Meanwhile as head of the military wing Trotsky had Lenin’s authorisation to mobilise state forces against the people. This he did to devastating effect. A horrific cycle of crucifixions, scalpings and other “bestial tortures” ensued. Eyes were poked out, tongues cut off, and victims were buried alive. Shootings by Jewish Communist Cheka (police) where common place and there where those who cut open their victim’s stomach, pulled out a length of small intestine, nailed it to a telegraph pole, and	Leonard Bernstein, the Man Behind the Legend of the Jewish Maestro – Tablet Magazine Leonard Bernstein, the Man Behind the Legend of the Jewish Maestro Homosexuality, Jewishness, and Zionism, in the newly collected letters of the charismatic musician November 4, 2013 • 12:00 AM Leonard Bernstein at the piano, 1936. (Courtesy Yale University Press) Thanks to YouTube, it’s possible to watch the 1965 concert in which Leonard Bernstein conducted the Israel Philharmonic and the Vienna Youth Chorus in a performance of his own choral work, Chichester Psalms. What’s mesmerizing about this video, beyond the music itself, is the sheer historical irony at work. Among the Israeli musicians were doubtless to be found refugees from Nazi Vienna; among the Austrian choirboys and girls, there were surely some whose parents had been Nazis themselves. Yet here they are together, under the baton of the world’s most famous Jewish conductor—and they are singing the words of the Psalms as Jews have sung them for millennia, in Hebrew. Only Leonard Bernstein could have brought about such a dramatic vindication of Jewishness, in the erstwhile heartland of anti-Semitism. Reading about his life and career in The Leonard Bernstein Letters , a marvelously entertaining new book, shows just how famous Bernstein became, and how his fame helped to shape the image of American Jews as the cultural high-achievers of the American Century. From the 1940s through the 1970s, Bernstein was probably the world’s most recognizable classical musician; even today, 23 years after his death, his eagle-like profile and swoop of white hair remain an icon of high-cultural glamour. He was triply famous as a conductor, the longtime music director of the New York Philharmonic; as a classical composer, whose major works dwell explicitly on Jewish themes and texts; and as a Broadway composer, where he reached the widest audience with his scores for West Side Story , Candide, On the Town, and other shows. In retrospect, it’s possible to see that Bernstein came along at the perfect moment to make the most of his talents. Before the 1940s, the top conductors of American orchestras were all Europeans, and the idea lingered that only in Europe could a world-class musician be made. After the 1970s, the mass prestige of both classical music and Broadway began to collapse, as part of the fragmenting and democratizing of American culture. Today, even a sophisticated New Yorker might struggle to name the conductor of the New York Philharmonic. But everybody knew Leonard Bernstein. Nigel Simeone, the editor of the Letters, made the good decision to include not just letters Bernstein wrote, but those he received, and it is often the latter that make the most exciting reading. Name a celebrity in any field from the 1940s to the 1970s, and there’s a good chance that he or she will be found in The Leonard Bernstein Letters, showering the maestro with praise. Frank Sinatra is here, asking Bernstein to participate in JFK’s inaugural concert; eight years later, Jacqueline Onassis thanks him for arranging the music for Bobby Kennedy’s funeral. Bette Davis writes him fan letters: “there is probably nothing in the world so encouraging for the future of the world as a super talent in someone—it is the only true inspiration and help in believing the world is really worthwhile.” So does Richard Avedon: “You stand alone. Terrifying, but true.” So does Yevgeny Yevtushenko, in broken English: “probably, only composer who could create music for such kind of theme are you.” And that’s before you even get to the musicians. Conductors like Serge Koussevitzky, Arturo Toscanini, Fritz Reiner, Claudio Abbado, and Georg Solti rave about Bernstein’s conducting. Composers thank him for performing their work so brilliantly: not just the American composers with whom Bernstein is usually associated, such as Aaron Copland, Lukas Foss, and David Diamond, but Europeans too, including Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen, and Iannis Xenakis. And then there are the theater people, including Bernstein’s collaborators Stephen	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,865	How did Hannibal die in 183 BC?	How Did Hannibal Die? How Did Hannibal Die? Here's How the Master of Carthage Kicked the Bucket Hannibal dies by ingesting poison Image ID: 1623984 Hannibal's death. (c1882). NYPL Digital Gallery By N.S. Gill Question: How Did Hannibal Die? Answer: Hannibal Barca , the leader of the Carthaginian forces whose name struck terror in the Romans, survived the Carthaginian surrender at the end of the Second Punic War in 202 B.C. How'd he do so? By galloping off into the sunset, then heading home to Carthage for a career in civil service. Following the conflict with Carthage , the Romans had asked for Hannibal's surrender. Instead, Hannibal chose exile. Can you blame the guy, to be honest? Hannibal lived long enough to help other enemies of Rome, his life-long mission. He hung out in Bithynia, as Juvenal joked in his Satires : "A conquered man, he flees headlong into exile, and there he sits, a mighty and marvellous suppliant, in the King's antechamber, until it please His Bithynian Majesty to awake!" When Hannibal was in Bithynia, he helped Rome's enemies try to bring the city down, serving the Bithynian King Prusias as a naval commander. At one point, Romans visiting Bithynia demanded Hannibal's extradition in 183 B.C. continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know To avoid that, Hannibal first tried to escape, according to Livy : "When Hannibal was informed that the king's soldiers were in the vestibule, he tried to escape through a postern gate which afforded the most secret means of exit. He found that this too was closely watched and that guards were posted all round the place." So stopped committed suicide by ingesting poison. How old was he? Probably in his sixties or seventies. "Then, invoking curses on Prusias and his realm and appealing to the gods who guard the rights of hospitality to punish his broken faith, he drained the cup. Such was the close of Hannibal's life." Hannibal was buried in Libyssa, in Bithynia, according to Eutropius, the De Viris Illustribus (which mentions that Hannibal had kept his poison hidden under a gem on a ring), and Pliny. [Source: "The 'De viris illustribus': Authorship and Date," by Michael M. Sage; Hermes Vol. 108, No. 1 (1980), pp. 83-100.] -Edited by Carly Silver	ROMAN THE ROMAN EMPIRE AD33-163 Casca served in the legions during the Empire's infancy. His first emperor was Tiberius who reigned from 14AD to 37AD, a former military leader who had served in Germania. Under Tiberius the Romans campaigned in Germania but this campaign (14-16AD) was abandoned owing to high costs. A year later the Empire was extended in the east with the establishment of the provinces of Cappadocia and Commagene. Casca must have joined the legions as a young man shortly afterwards and served on the Rhine frontier. At this time the Praetorian Praefect Sejanus made an impact, his unjust accusations leading to trials, executions and suicides. Tiberius retired to the island of Capri in bitterness where he remained until his death in 37AD. Sejanus had fallen from power in 31AD when he was executed but the reign of terror continued. Tiberius was succeeded by his nephew Caligula. By this time Casca was serving in the copper mines of Achaea and missed all the excitement of Caligula's reign (37-41AD). The young emperor believed himself to be a divine mixture of Alexander, Caesar and God. Although the trials were abolished things went from bad to worse and militarily there were pompous campaigns in Germania and Britannia that achieved nothing. Eventually the Praetorian Praefect Cassius Chaerea tired of the endless orgies and lewd parties and killed Caligula. Claudius followed his nephew's demise, and restored the administrative order of Augustus, and to restore morale in the Empire decided to conquer Britannia. The invasion of that island in 43AD led to protracted campaigns that went on long after his death in 54AD. By that time he had established the province of Thrace. Claudius' murder by his wife Agrippina allowed her son Nero to ascend the throne. It was during his reign that Casca came to Rome and trained to be a gladiator. At first Nero was guided by his mother, the philosopher Seneca and Burrus, the Praetorian Praefect. It was in this happy time that the Empire reconquered Armenia (58-63) and peace was signed with the Parthians. In 62AD however Nero seemed to have lost his marbles and murdered his mother and Burrus, and embarked on a reign of madness. Seneca lost his life following a conspiracy in 65AD, an event that seems to have occurred after Casca was sent to the galleys. Nero eventually overstepped and was turned on by the army. He took his own life in 68AD which usshered in the year of the Four Emperors. Galba, the governor of Spain, got to the throne first but was ousted by Vitellius, commander of the Rhine legions. However, he lost out to Otho, the Lusitanian military regional commander before Vespasian from the east took over to establish the Flavian dynasty which lasted from 68 to 96AD. Vespasian suppressed the Jewish revolt and defeated the Batavians on the Rhine. After the conquest of Jerusalem in 70AD the Empire consolidated the frontier on the Rhine. After Vespasian's death in 79AD his son Titus took over. Two things happened during his reign; the eruption of Vesuvius which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum (witnessed by Casca from his slave galley), and the completion of the Colosseum. Titus died in 81AD, some say poisoned by his brother Domitian. Domitian ruled under fear of a prophecy that fortold of his murder by someone of his own household, so Domitian set about executing anyone who opposed him for any reason. This reign of terror lasted until 96AD when he was murdered by his own slave under orders from his wife. During his rule Britannia was finally conquered and struggles on the Rhine and Danube continued. Casca's ship was wrecked in the last year of Domitian's reign (96AD). After Domitian came the senator Nerva, an old man who soon realised his days were numbered so he adopted the Spanish soldier Trajan who took the imperial throne two years later. Under him the Empire reached its widest extent, conquering Dacia and Northern Arabia, and in a campaign that defeated the Parthians, the provinces of Mesopotamia, Armenia and Assyria. Following Trajan's death in 117 he was succeeded by Hadr	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,866	Which former Chancellor of the Exchequer wrote 'The Chancellor' about all his predecessors from Randolph Churchill to Hugh Dalton?	ChancelloroftheExchequer 'Non enim in ratiociniis sed in multipliibus iudiciis excellens scaccarii scientia consistit' The Second Lord of the Treasury The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Second Lord of the Treasury. The government's chief financial minister and as such is responsible for raising revenue through taxation or borrowing and for controlling public spending. 104 (recognised) individuals have held the office, from Sir John Baker to Philip Hammond. See also Teller of the Receipt of the Exchequer The Chancellor's plans for the economy are delivered to the House of Commons every year in the Budget statement which usually takes place in March. Kenneth Clarke's Budgets in the mid-1990s were delivered in November and post-election Budgets are usually held shortly after the poll, even if this means two statements in a single year. This happened in 1993. The Prime Minister may hold the formal title of "First Lord of the Treasury", but it is the Chancellor who is the most senior political figure at the Treasury. The traditional residence of the Chancellor of the Exchequer is No 11 Downing Street but Gordon Brown, for example, moved into the flat above No 10 so that the Prime Minister's family could use the more spacious suite next door. The Chancellor is also entitled to the use of Dorneywood, a Queen Anne house in Buckinghamshire, but has rarely done so. The office of Chancellor is an ancient one. At first it was only one of a number of financial positions in government. Denis Healey mentions in his memoirs "Richard, Son of Nigel", who was a Treasurer of England and Bishop of London in about 1170 and who wrote a Latin dialogue about how to do this job: 'Non enim in ratiociniis sed in multipliibus iudiciis excellens scaccarii scientia consistit', which translates as: 'for the highest skill at the Exchequer does not lie in calculations, but in judgements of all kinds' . The first Chancellor was appointed during the reign of Henry II in the 12th century. By the 18th century the old 'Treasury Board' had declined in importance and the annual Budget became a significant feature in parliament from about the 1730s. For most of the period since the 1960s the post of Chancellor has been generally acknowledged as the most politically significant job in the Cabinet after that of Prime Minister. Economic policy is a matter in which the Prime Minister and the Chancellor need to work closely together. Symbolically there is a passage between the two houses - and the more free the traffic in this corridor, Hugh Dalton once supposed, the happier the government. In the early part of the 20thcentury the children of Lloyd George (Chancellor) and Asquith (Prime Minister) happily played togther for example. But sometimes the door between the two offices of state has been more often closed than open. Things cannot have been easy when the two fell out. Back in the 1920s and 1930s, Ramsay MacDonald and his Chancellor, Phillip Snowden, could barely stand one another. The most spectacular modern example of these potential tensions arose towards the end of Nigel Lawson's Chancellorship - over the European Exchange Rate Mechanism and the role of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's economic adviser, Sir Alan Walters. These difficulties led to the resignations of both Mr Lawson and Sir Alan. A little over a year later, Mrs Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister. The relationship between Mr Brown and Tony Blair had also come under close scrutiny, with reports that the former regarded himself as the 'real' prime minister and Mr Blair as a 'president'. Every Cabinet reshuffle was viewed in terms of whether the Blairites or the Brownites were in the ascendant. Nigel Lawson once told the BBC that: "I'm not interested in the record books. How long I'm there is a matter partly for the Prime Minister and partly for me. And it will be resolved in the fullness of time'. And so it was. However the Prime Minister has, as with all government appoointments, the final political prerogative to appoint or sack a minister. No doubt one of the things	Michael Ramsey, 100th Archbishop of Canterbury Holding an event at Lambeth Palace Michael Ramsey, 100th Archbishop of Canterbury "He did not think that there was enough quiet in the world. To realise God you need silence. He loved spaces for silence, and places of silence. He encouraged the practice of retreats. He was an inspiring conductor of retreats. He thought of the religious communities as little havens of quiet scattered across society ..." Owen Chadwick - memorial address The 100th Archbishop of Canterbury was born in 1904, the son of Arthur Stanley Ramsey. Educated at Repton School and Magdalene College, Cambridge, he trained at Cuddesdon College Oxford and was ordained deacon in 1928 and priest a year later in 1929. He served in parish and academic appointments until 1952 when he was appointed Bishop of Durham. He then served as Archbishop of York from 1956 until 1961 when he became Archbishop of Canterbury in succession to Geoffrey Fisher, his former headmaster at Repton. During his time as Archbishop, the Church of England system of Syndocial Government came into being; a keen ecumenist, Ramsey was bitterly disappointed when the Synod wouldn't endorse a scheme for Anglican-Methodist unity. Ramsey visited Pope Paul VIth in Rome in 1966 and was received in the Sistine chapel, the first Archbishop of Canterbury in modern times formally to visit the Vatican. The evening before leaving for London, the Pope took off his own epsicopal ring, presented to him by the people of Milan, and gave it to Ramsey, who wore it until the day he died. The ring is now kept at Lambeth Palace and is worn when Archbishops visit the Vatican. Ramsey had a deep affection for the Orthodox tradition and made a particular study of the Early Fathers and worked to strengthen relationships betwene Anglicans and the Eastern churches. Ramsey was not afraid of controversy, speaking out on the issues of the day - apartheid, immigration, the death penalty and the legalisation of homosexuality were some of the subjects on which he spoke. He wrote many books, some listed below. His best known is probably The Christian Priest Today, written in 1972, which is still in print On retirement, the Ramseys spent time in the USA and in Durham before making their home in Oxford. Michael Rasmey died in 1988 and his ashes are buried in Canterbury Cathedral. His memorial tablet reads: "The Glory of God is the living man and the life of man is the vision of God." Research: Jenny Child and Steve Empson Detailed biography (Arthur) Michael Ramsey (b1904 d1988) [Michael Ramsey] Baron Ramsey of Canterbury (created life peer 1974) Son of Arthur Stanley Ramsey, lecturer in mathematics at Cambridge University; fellow & sometime president of Magdalene College. b. 14.11.1904. Repton. Magdalene College Cambridge BA1927 MA1930 BD1950. Cuddesdon 1927. m.1942 Joan (Hamilton) (d. 13.2.95 aged 84). no children. d. 23.4.1988 in Oxford. His ashes are buried in Canterbury Cathedral. Ministry: Ordained deacon 23.9.1928 to the title of Liverpool parish church. Ordained priest 1929 by the Bishop of Liverpool. Curate of Liverpool St Nicholas 1928-1930; Sub-Warden of Lincoln Theological Coll 1930-1936; Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Chester 1932-1938; Select Preacher, Cambridge University 1934, 1940, 1948, 1959 & 1964 (& 1970 or Hulsean Pr 1969-1970); Lecturer of Boston Parish Church 1936-1938; Vicar of Cambridge St Benedict 1938-1940; Professor of Divinity at Durham Univ, Canon of Durham Cathedral & Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Durham 1940-1950; Select Preacher Oxford University 1945- 1947; Regius Professor of Divinity & Fellow of Magdalene College Cambridge 1950-1952; Prebendary & Canon of Lincoln Cathedral & Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Lincoln 1951-1952; Consecrated Bishop in York Minster by Garbett, Archbishop of York; Bishop of Durham 1952-1956; Archbishop of York 1956-1961; Archbishop of Canterbury 1961-1974 - inducted, installed & enthroned 2.30pm Tue 27.6.1961 in Canterbury Cathedral. resignation announced 11.3.1974, effective 15.11.1974 having se	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,867	"The melody of the song ""Happy Birthday to You"" dates from when?"	17 Outrageously Fun Facts About the Song 'Happy Birthday'! 2 It’s the most popular song in the world. But ‘Happy Birthday’ wasn’t always the song we know and love. Here are some crazy facts about a song we all know. 1. “Happy Birthday to You” is the most recognized song in the English language. That’s according to the Guinness Book of World Records. What’s in second place? “For He’s a Jolly Good Fellow”. 2. “Happy Birthday to You” is often categorized as a secular folk song, passed between generations by tradition. But unlike most folk songs, “Happy Birthday to You” has a known origin and is sung into adulthood. 3. Many scholars argue that “Happy Birthday to You” is the most popular song in the world. “It’s hard to imagine that there are hard statistics that could prove or disprove the claim made in the title of this article. But if any reader knows of a serious contender for the title of world’s most popular song, I would like to know it,” writes George Washington University Law School professor Robert Brauneis. 4. “Happy Birthday to You” is has been translated into at least 18 different languages. The list includes Arabic, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Korean, Lithuanian, Mandarin Chinese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Tagalog. 5. Just like in English, there are even “Happy Birthday to You” spoof songs in other languages. That includes German, which has a popular gibberish variation! “Happy birthday to you, Aprikose in der Hose und ein Bratwurst dazu” (i.e., marmalade in the shoe, apricot in the pants, and with those a bratwurst – total non-sense!) 6. The most famous rendition of “Happy Birthday to You” may have been by Marilyn Monroe. The sultry seductress steamily sang the song to President John F. Kennedy for this forty-fifth birthday in 1962. It was one of the last public appearances by Monroe before her death. 7. The song “Happy Birthday to You” dates back to 1893, but was originally called “Good Morning to You”. It was written by two sisters living in Kentucky, Mildred and Patti Smith Hill. The melody to “Good Morning” is the same melody we use today, but its copyright expired in 1949. 8. On August 31st of 2015, a librarian at the University of Louisville discovered the oldest known manuscript of the song. “Good Morning to You” was part of a songbook titled, “Song Stories for the Kindergarten”. It was a dusty book donated to the library in the 1950s. The old manuscript was discovered by the librarian, James Procell, while digging through a dusty filing cabinet. 9. The first known combination of the melody and lyrics to “Happy Birthday” appeared in 1912. But that combination wasn’t formally registered for copyright until 1935. 10. That left the lyrics as copyrighted intellectual property. But a federal judge struck down those claims of ownership by Warner/Chappell and placed the entire song into public domain. That means the entire “Happy Birthday” song can be used by whomever, wherever. And, with whatever variations without any permission required. 11. Before this point, it was technically illegal to sing “Happy Birthday to You” in public with groups of people. That included birthday parties, office parties, and restaurant celebrations. 12. That was rarely enforced. But in 1996, ASCAP and Warner/Chappell sued the Girl Scouts of America for singing “Happy Birthday” around the campfire. After a public outcry, ASCAP backed down. 13. Before the court ruling, “Happy Birthday to You” was also prohibited for use within movies, television shows, or other productions. All uses needed to be approved by the (supposed) copyright owner, Warner/Chappell Music. 14. It is estimated that Warner/Chappell drew $2 million in annual earnings from “Happy Birthday to You”. The money largely came from films, TV shows and public performances (like concerts). 15. In fact, “Happy Birthday to You” is frequently listed as one of the most valuable songs in the world. The song’s valuation is estimated as $50 million . 16. To evade the licensing costs, a number of restaurants de	References To Other Songs Or Musicians - TMBW: The They Might Be Giants Knowledge Base References To Other Songs Or Musicians From This Might Be A Wiki TMBG often make obvious or subtle references to other songs and musicians, bands, or performers. This list includes many of those references. However, without the Johns' stamp of validation, it must be admitted that some of them may just be guesses. Contents Lyrical references[ edit \| edit source ] Ana Ng - "All alone at the '64 World's Fair / Eighty dolls yelling 'Small girl after all'" - Disney's It's a Small World song and ride repeats the line "It's a small world after all" in . The ride was unveiled at the fair and eventually moved to Disneyland. Ana Ng - "It's like a whirlpool and it never ends" is a reference to the Tommy Roe song "Dizzy": "My head is spinning, like a whirlpool it never ends." The Biggest One - Lyrics play on Gloria Gaynor 's "I Will Survive" ("Change the lock, throw away the key, I will survive") Birdhouse In Your Soul (Demo) - "Give me something to write on" and "I don't feel thirty" both play on extemporaneous lines from Van Halen 's "Hot For Teacher", in which David Lee Roth exhorts, "I don't feel tardy." Birds Fly - The line about "a good luck charm hanging off my arm" refers to the Elvis Presley song "Good Luck Charm." Brain Problem Situation - The line "Wake up / Put on my makeup / And pick the rake up / And rake my hair" could be a reference to " Chop Suey! " by System of a Down ("Wake up / Grab a brush and put a little makeup"), or " I Say A Little Prayer " by Bacharach and David ("The moment I wake up / Before I put on my makeup"). Cage & Aquarium - Contains the line "This is the spawning of the Cage and Aquarium" in the chorus; a skewed match to the song " Age of Aquarius " which contains the line "This is the dawning of the Age of Aquarius" in its chorus. Age of Aquarius is originally from the 60's musical " Hair ", but is a well-known oldies song in its own right. Circular Karate Chop - The lyric " short sharp shock " originally appeared in Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1885 comic opera The Mikado . The same phrase has also been used in other musical and literary works. Damn Good Times - "She acts like David Lee Roth when he turned 21", song itself a reference to David Lee Roth's "Damn Good" from the 1987 DLR album Skyscraper. Damn Good Times - "I know a girl who's got a record machine" is almost exactly the same as a line from "20 Flight Rock" by Eddie Cochran . Free Bird's Rebirth - Reference to the Lynyrd Skynyrd song. Hey, Mr. DJ, I Thought You Said We Had A Deal - last verse in which TMBG makes references to several of their own songs "Well, I told you about the world - its address", "Chess Piece Face's patience must be wearing thin", etc., mimics the Beatles' "Glass Onion" ("I told you about Strawberry Fields", etc, in which the Beatles reference themselves) I Hope That I Get Old Before I Die - Twist on "Hope I die before I get old" from The Who 's "My Generation" Impossible - "Well I'd like to be an octofish" may refer to the Captain Beefheart song "Neon Meate Dream of a Octafish" from the 1969 album Trout Mask Replica . Iowa - "And if that broom don't fly / I'm gonna buy you / a Dustbuster" is a play on the traditional lullaby " Hush Little Baby ". It's Not My Birthday - "When this grey world crumbles like a cake / I'll be hanging from the hope / that I'll never see that recipe again" is a play on "Someone left the cake out in the rain...and I'll never have that recipe again" from "MacArthur Park" by Richard Harris . Lucky Ball & Chain - A modified quote of Darlene Love 's song "(Today I Met) The Boy I'm Gonna Marry" ("playing 'Here Comes the Bride' when he walks in the door"), which itself references "The Wedding March (Here Comes the Bride) ". Maine - "Shaving razor's rusty, but the sting brings you exactly back to Maine" is probably a reference to the Monkees song "Daydream Believer" ("The shaving razor's cold, and it stings"). Mainstream U.S.A. - We Are the World (which TMBG have covered ), Ringo Starr 's " Back Off Boogaloo ", g	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,868	What in business terms is the IMF?	The World Bank and The International Monetary Fund \| Global Exchange Resources The World Bank and The International Monetary Fund Through loans, often to governments whose constituents suffer the most under the global economy, and "structural adjustment" policies, the World Bank (WB) International Monetary Fund (IMF) has kept most nations of the global south in poverty. Conditions on accepting loans ensure open market access for corporations while cutting social spending on programs such as education, health care and production credits for poor farmers. Created after World War II to help avoid Great Depression-like economic disasters, the World Bank and the IMF are the world's largest public lenders, with the Bank managing a total portfolio of $200 billion and the Fund supplying member governments with money to overcome short-term credit crunches. But when the IMF and the WB lend money to debtor countries, the money comes with strings attached. These strings come in the form of policy prescriptions called "structural adjustment policies." These policies—or SAPs, as they are sometimes called—require debtor governments to open their economies to penetration by foreign corporations, allowing access to the country's workers and environment at bargain basement prices. Structural adjustment policies mean across-the-board privatization of public utilities and publicly owned industries. They mean the slashing of government budgets, leading to cutbacks in spending on health care and education. They mean focusing resources on growing export crops for industrial countries rather than supporting family farms and growing food for local communities. And, as their imposition in country after country in Latin America, Africa, and Asia has shown, they lead to deeper inequality and environmental destruction.	History about the International Monetary Fund History about the International Monetary Fund Published: Last Edited: 23rd March, 2015 This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. The works of rebuilding national economies stats as the Second World War ends. The IMF oversees the international monetary system to ensure exchange rate stability and all members to eliminate barriers to trade foreign exchange restrictions. When 1930s years in the 20th century, the Great Depression, countries try to support their failing economies. They use the national currency depreciated by the competition for each other export markets, substantial increase in foreign trade barriers, cut their civil liberties to hold foreign exchange. These try to prove self-defeating. Sharp decline in the world trade (see chart below), employment and falling living standards, many countries. This rupture in the international monetary cooperation causes the founder of the IMF program and the international monetary system oversight bodies. This is the system of the exchange rate, but also allows their country and their citizens buy goods and services each year by using the international payment system. The new global entity will ensure exchange rate stability, and to encourage its members to eliminate barriers to trade in the exchange restrictions. The Bretton Woods agreement TheÂ IMF was conceivedÂ in July 1944, when the northeastern United States on behalf of 45 countries in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the city attended the meeting, agreed on the framework of international economic cooperation, after World War II established. In their view, such a framework is necessary to avoid in this area led to the disastrous economic policies of the Great Depression repeat. When its first 29 member countries signed itsÂ Articles of Agreement, the IMF came into formal existence in December 1945. It began on March 1, 1947 operation. In the same year, France became the first country from the International Monetary Fund loans. Member of the International Monetary Fund began to expand in the late 20th century, 50 and 60 years, many African countries after independence, in order to apply to join. However, the Cold War limited the Soviet sphere of influence in the absence of a member to join the Fund, in most countries. Par value system Accession countries, from 1945 to 1971 the IMF agreed to maintain the dollar's exchange rate (that is, the value of national currency and in the United States, the dollar's value in gold) linked to the speed can be adjusted to correct only a "basic balance of international payments imbalances", only the agreement with the International Monetary Fund. This par value system, known as the Bretton Woods system was continued until 1971, when the U.S. government to stop the gold dollar (and dollar reserves held by other governments) which can be converted. The end of the Bretton Woods System (1972-81) To the early 60s, a fixed dollar value of gold. According to the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system, it is regarded as overvalued. President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society plan a substantial increase in domestic consumption, from the Vietnam War, military spending increased by the progressive deterioration caused by the dollar overvalued. End of Bretton Woods system While the dollar in the 60s throughout the 20th century, most struggle to establish equality in the Bretton Woods period, this crisis marks the collapse of the system. In addition, the system from 1968 to 1973 dissolved. In August 1971, U.S. President Richard Nixon announced the gold "dollar convertibility provisional" suspension. Failure of attempts to restore fixed exchange rate, and in March 1973 the major currencies began to float freely against each other. IMF members are free to choose any form of exchange rate arrangements, unless they want to link their currencies with gold allow the currency to float freely, hang to another currency or a basket of currencies, with the currency of another country, in	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,869	Which bird is known as the windhover in certain parts of the UK?	Magpie FAQ Magpie FAQ BirdWatch Ireland received more queries about Magpies than any other bird. Some people love them, some people hate them, but everyone seems to have an opinion about them. With this in mind, we have decided to answer some of the most commonly-asked questions about this well-known Irish bird here. ⇒ How did the Magpie get its name? The term “pie” is derived from French, which itself comes from the Latin word “pica”, meaning black-and-white, or pied. Pie forms the basis of most vernacular names for this species. The modern name became established from about 1600 onwards in the midlands and south of England . The species was known as “Piannet” in the north of England at that time. Magpie is derived from “Magot Pie”, which first appeared in Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’. The Magpie is known as the “Pie Bavarde” in French, the “Urraca” in Spanish, the “Elster” in German, the “Gazza” in Italian and the “Snag Breac” in Irish. ⇒ What is the scientific name of the Magpie? The scientific name of the magpie is Pica pica, a reference to its black-and-white plumage. ⇒ What family of birds does the Magpie belong to? The Magpie is a member of the crow family, the Corvidae. It belongs to the genus Pica, which consists of 3 species: These species provide a link between the true crows and the jays. ⇒ What does the Magpie look like? Magpies are familiar birds to most, with their distinctive black-and-white plumage, and they are not easily confused with any other Irish bird. Seen at close range, the black feathers have a metallic sheen, bluish-purple on the body and green on the tail. The tail itself is a very striking feature; it is wedge-shaped and very long (about as long as the body). ⇒ What habitat do Magpies live in? In Europe the Magpie is predominantly a lowland bird of open or lightly wooded country. Magpies prefer areas which provide the opportunity to forage on the ground, nest, roost and find cover. Magpies will inhabit both broad-leaved and coniferous woodland. In the recent past a notable development has been their spread into urban areas, including large cities. ⇒ What are the habits of the Magpie? The Magpie is a very social and conspicuous bird. It is normally observed in pairs or family parties. However it is not unusual to see small flocks or communal roosts. Some pairs maintain a territory throughout the year while others abandon their territory outside the breeding season. It is not unusual to see non-breeding birds within a pair’s territory; it may well be that they are the offspring of a previous year. They are often seen close to humans and can appear to be quite bold, though always very wary. Magpies have a “confident” demeanour and may be seen strutting about with their tails held high. They will readily take to driving off predators such as birds of prey or domestic cats. ⇒ What do Magpies eat? Magpies are omnivorous. They feed mainly on the ground, eating a wide range of food, e.g., beetles, seeds, berries, small mammals, small birds and their eggs, nestlings and even reptiles. They may be often observed searching the roads early in the morning for road kill. They will often scavenge around homes, parks etc. searching out scraps. ⇒ What are the breeding habits of the Magpie? The Magpie is a solitary nester. The nest is a dome of thorny twigs with a side entrance placed high in a tree. The inside is lined with hair, wool, etc. Normally a new nest is built each year, and both partners take part in the building of the nest. Usually 5–7 eggs are laid; these are usually bluish-green and are incubated for up to 3 weeks. The young remain in the nest for a couple of weeks following hatching while being fed by the parents. The fledglings remain close to the nest for a few days. When the Magpies abandon the nest it is frequently used by other species, e.g. Kestrel, Long-eared Owl. ⇒ What is the worldwide range of the Magpie? The Magpie’s range extends throughout much of the biogeographical region known as the Palearctic. It is found	Group Names for Birds Group Names for Birds: A Partial List By Terry Ross A bevy of quail A bouquet of pheasants [when flushed] A brood of hens A building of rooks A cast of hawks [or falcons] A charm of finches A colony of penguins A company of parrots A congregation of plovers A cover of coots A covey of partridges [or grouse or ptarmigans] A deceit of lapwings A descent of woodpeckers A dissimulation of birds A dole of doves An exaltation of larks A fall of woodcocks A flight of swallows [or doves, goshawks, or cormorants] A gaggle of geese [wild or domesticated] A host of sparrows A kettle of hawks [riding a thermal] A murmuration of starlings A murder of crows A muster of storks A nye of pheasants [on the ground] An ostentation of peacocks A paddling of ducks [on the water] A parliament of owls A party of jays A peep of chickens A pitying of turtledoves A raft of ducks A rafter of turkeys A siege of herons A skein of geese [in flight] A sord of mallards A spring of teal A tidings of magpies A trip of dotterel An unkindness of ravens A watch of nightingales A wedge of swans [or geese, flying in a "V"] A wisp of snipe Any of these group names may properly be used by birders who wish to display their erudition, although it is probably linguistically inaccurate (and it certainly is bad manners) to upbraid someone who refers to "a bunch of ravens" by saying, "Surely you mean `an unkindness of ravens,' my good fellow." Most of these terms date back at least 500 years. Some of them have been in continuous use since then; others have gone out of fashion and been resurrected in the last century or two; still others only exist on lists. Most of these terms are listed in James Lipton's An Exaltation of Larks. Lipton's list is substantially based on very old sources. There were manuscript lists of group names in the 15th century, and these lists appeared in some of the first books printed in England. Many of them make their first appearance in John Lydgate's Debate between the Horse, Goose, and Sheep (1440); and Lydgate's terms along with others appear in The Book of Hawking and Hunting (also known as The Book of St. Albans) by Dame Juliana Barnes (1486). Whether Lydgate and Barnes coined any of these terms, or whether they were setting down the terms that were considered proper in their day is not known. Many of the terms did catch on, and the lists they appeared on were frequently reprinted. The best source I know for investigating the histories of English words is the Oxford English Dictionary. Unfortunately, on the question whether these terms ever were or still are appropriate, the OED is not entirely helpful. To make sense of the matter, I have placed the group names into groups-- GROUP A--The following group names are standard: A bevy of quail A bouquet of pheasants A brood of hens A cast of hawks A charm of finches A covey of partridges A flight of swallows A gaggle of geese A nye of pheasants A siege of herons A skein of geese A trip of dotterel A wisp of snipe GROUP B--These terms are not group names for a particular type of bird, but have been commonly used for many different types: Colony Company Flock Parliament Party GROUP C--These terms are archaic; they were once obsolete, but they have been revived somewhat in the 19th or 20th centuries: A building of rooks A murmuration of starlings A muster of peacocks A peep of chickens A sord of mallards A spring of teal A watch of nightingales GROUP D--These terms are obsolete; they appeared on the old lists, but almost nobody has used them in centuries: A congregation of plovers A dissimulation of birds A dole of doves A fall of woodcock A host of sparrows A paddling of ducks An unkindness of ravens GROUP E--These terms are not in the OED at all as group names for birds: A cover of coots A kettle of hawks A murder of crows An ostentation of peacocks A pitying of turtledoves A rafter of turkeys A tidings of magpies My categories are imprecise, but they provide some guidance about usage. Have no qualms about usin	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,870	In the Bible, the Acts of the Apostles was written by which Evangelist?	Acts 1 GNV - The Acts of the Holy Apostles, Written - Bible Gateway Acts 11599 Geneva Bible (GNV) The Acts of the Holy Apostles, Written by Luke the Evangelist 1 1 Luke tieth this history to his Gospel. 9 Christ being taken into heaven. 10 The Apostles, 11 being warned by the Angels, 12 to return, 14 and give themselves to prayer. 15 By Peter’s motion, 18 into Judas the traitor’s place. 26 Matthias is chosen. 1 I have made the [ a ]former treatise, O Theophilus, of all that Jesus began to [ b ]do and teach, 2 Until the day that he was taken up, after that he through the holy Ghost, had given commandments unto the Apostles, whom he had chosen: 3 [ c ]To whom also he presented himself alive after that he had suffered, by many [ d ]infallible tokens, being seen of them by the space of forty days, and speaking of those things which appertained to the kingdom of God. 4 And when he had [ e ]gathered them together, he commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the promise of the Father, which said he, ye have heard of me. 5 For John indeed baptized with water, but ye shall be baptized [ f ]with the holy Ghost within these few days. 6 [ g ]When they therefore were come together they asked of him, saying, Lord, wilt thou at this time [ h ]restore the kingdom to Israel? 7 And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times, or the [ i ]seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power. 8 But ye shall receive power of the holy Ghost, when he shall come on you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth. 9 [ j ]And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up: for a cloud took him up out of their sight. 10 And while they looked steadfastly toward heaven, as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel. 11 Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing into heaven? This Jesus which is taken up [ k ]from you into heaven, shall so come, as ye have seen him go into heaven. 12 ¶ Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount that is called the mount of Olives, which is near to Jerusalem, being from it a Sabbath [ l ]day’s journey. 13 [ m ]And when they were [ n ]come in, they went up into an upper chamber, where abode both Peter and James, and John, and Andrew, Philip, and Thomas, Bartholomew, and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon Zealot, and Judas James’s brother. 14 These all [ o ]continued with [ p ]one accord in [ q ]prayer and supplication with the [ r ]women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his [ s ]brethren. 15 [ t ]And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and said (now the number of [ u ]names that were in one place were about an hundred and twenty.) 16 [ v ]Ye men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled, Which the holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before of Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus. 17 For he was numbered with us, and had obtained fellowship in this ministration. 18 He therefore hath [ w ]purchased a field with the reward of iniquity: and when he had [ x ]thrown down himself headlong, he brast asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. 19 And it is known unto all the inhabitants of Jerusalem, insomuch, that that field is called in their own language, Akel Dama, that is, The field of blood. 20 For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be void, and let no man dwell therein: also, Let another take his [ y ]charge. 21 [ z ]Wherefore of these men which have companied with us, all the time that the Lord Jesus was [ aa ]conversant among us, 22 Beginning from the baptism of John unto the day that he was taken up [ ab ]from us, must one of them be made a witness with us of his resurrection. 23 [ ac ]And they [ ad ]presented two, Joseph called Barsabas, whose surname was Justus, and Matthias. 24 And they prayed, saying, Thou Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, show whether of these two thou hast chosen, 25 That he may take the [ ae ]room of this mi	THE GREEK ALPHABET THE GREEK ALPHABET It is helpful to have a knowledge of the Greek alphabet and language to appreciate the nuances of meaning in the Greek Septuagint Old Testament and the Greek New Testament of the Bible. Reading the Greek text allows one to capture the full impact of what the Gospel writer is hoping to convey in his narrative. Here are three examples. Perhaps the best example of this is St. Paul's famous passage on love in his First Letter to the Corinthians. There are four Greek words for love! Which one is St. Paul referring to? στοργή - storge refers to the natural affection parents have for their children; ἔρως - eros is romantic love; φιλία - philia is friendship; and ἀγάπη - agape is unconditional love, the love God has for us. St. Paul employs the word agape! A second example is the pivotal passage in the Gospel of Luke when Jesus begins his journey to Jerusalem (9:51), the place where he will be taken up. The Greek text fully dramatizes this event by expressing the determination of Jesus, reading "As the day was approaching for his Ascension, he πρόσωπον ἐστήρισεν - set his face on Jerusalem." Thus begins the journey to Jerusalem where he will accomplish his mission by redeeming mankind through the sacrifice of the Cross. The journey also provides an avenue to teach his disciples, those who follow Jesus on the way to Jerusalem. Discipleship in Luke is conveyed by the verb ἀκολουθέω - I follow, a form of which occurs nineteen times throughout the Gospel, such as the key sentence of Luke 9:23, "If anyone wishes to come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and ἀκολουθείτω μοι - let him follow me." The third example is the word witness in the Acts of the Apostles. Jesus tells the disciples ἔσεσθέ μου μάρτυρες, you shall be my witnesses. St. Luke expresses discipleship in the Acts of the Apostles by the word witness, a form of which (nominative singular μάρτυς and plural μάρτυρες) occurs twenty-four times throughout Acts. The disciples will become the witnesses of the Teachings, Cross, and Resurrection of Jesus, and will carry out his mission as his witnesses to the "ends of the earth" (Acts 1:8). Our English word martyr is a direct translation of the Greek word for witness. The martyr is the ultimate Christian witness! The Greek alphabet was derived from the Phoenician alphabet . Phoenicia (now Lebanon) was a peaceful sea-faring nation expert in navigation and trade that developed their alphabet around 1400 BC in an effort to communicate with their diverse trading partners that encircled the Mediterranean Sea. It was the Phoenician alphabet that was widely received and readily adapted in Greece and throughout the Mediterranean, as it was only 22 letters based on sound, as opposed to the myriad of symbols in cuneiform and hieroglyphics prevalent at the time. The Greek alphabet contains 24 letters. The form of Greek used by writers from Homer (the Iliad and the Odyssey) about 700 BC to Plato (The Republic) in 360 BC, is called Classical Greek. There were three dialects to classical Greek, Doric, Aeolic, and Ionic (of which Attic is a derivation). Alexander the Great, who was tutored by Aristotle, spoke Attic Greek and conquered the East, spreading the Greek language throughout the Mediterranean world and beyond. Thus began the Hellenistic Age. Hebrew Scripture was translated into Greek in Alexandria and became known as the Greek Septuagint. A common Greek language arose among the people and became known as Koine Greek (κοινή, the word meaning "common"). Greek in the Holy Land was heavily interpenetrated by native Semitic languages, such as Aramaic and Hebrew. This likely explains the variant spellings in the Greek New Testament for words such as Jerusalem (Ἰερουσαλήμ, Ἱεροσόλυμα), Nazareth (Ναζαρὰ, Ναζαρέτ, Ναζαρὲθ), and Nazarene (Ναζαρηνέ, Ναζωραῖος). No original manuscript by the author of a biblical book has yet been uncovered! Koine Greek was the language used by writers of the Old Testament Greek Septuagint and the Greek New Testament.	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,871	Who directed the 1948 film Oliver Twist?	Oliver Twist (1948) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error An orphan named Oliver Twist meets a pickpocket on the streets of London. From there, he joins a household of boys who are trained to steal for their master. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 24 titles created 09 Mar 2012 a list of 23 titles created 18 Dec 2012 a list of 43 titles created 19 Jul 2014 a list of 48 titles created 15 Dec 2014 a list of 30 titles created 2 months ago Search for " Oliver Twist " on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. Another 1 win & 1 nomination. See more awards » Photos A humble orphan suddenly becomes a gentleman with the help of an unknown benefactor. Director: David Lean The Passionate Friends were in love when young, but separated, and she married an older man. Then Mary Justin meets Steven Stratton again and they have one last fling together in the Alps. Director: David Lean Cultural mistrust and false accusations doom a friendship in British colonial India between an Indian doctor, an Englishwoman engaged to marry a city magistrate, and an English educator. Director: David Lean Henry Hobson is a successful bootmaker and tyrannical widower of three daughters. The girls each want to leave their father by getting married, but Henry refuses as marriage traditions require him to pay out settlements. Director: David Lean An adaptation of the classic Dickens tale, where an orphan meets a pickpocket on the streets of London. From there, he joins a household of boys who are trained to steal for their master. Director: Roman Polanski This "story of a ship," the British destroyer HMS Torrin, is told in flash backs by survivors as they cling to a life raft. Directors: Noël Coward, David Lean Stars: Noël Coward, John Mills, Bernard Miles A lonely American woman unexpectedly finds romance in Venice, Italy. Director: David Lean Oliver Twist I (TV Movie 1982) Crime \| Drama The classic Dickens tale of an orphan boy who escapes the horrors of the orphanage only to be taken in by a band of thieves and pickpockets. Director: Clive Donner The middle-class family of a young woman cannot understand why she delays in marrying a respectable young man. They know nothing about her long-standing affair with a Frenchman. Director: David Lean Set in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, a married woman in a small Irish village has an affair with a troubled British officer. Director: David Lean Adapted from a play by Noel Coward, Charles and his second wife Ruth, are haunted by the ghost of his first wife, Elvira. Medium Madame Arcati tries to help things out by contacting the ghost. Director: David Lean Noel Coward's attempt to show how the ordinary people lived between the wars. Just after WWI the Gibbons family moves to a nice house in the suburbs. An ordinary sort of life is led by the ... See full summary » Director: David Lean Edit Storyline Based on the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist is about an orphan boy who runs away from a workhouse and meets a pickpocket on the streets of London. Oliver is taken in by the pickpocket and he joins a household of young boys who are trained to steal for their master. This version of Oliver Twist is topped by Alec Guinness's masterly performance of arch-thug Fagin. Written by Jenny Evans <J.Evans@uts.edu.au> A Screen Event To Be Remembered For All Time ! Genres: 30 July 1951 (USA) See more » Also Known As: As Aventuras de Oliver Twist See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The company that trained and supplied animals for film and television supplied the Staffordshire Bull Terrier for the role of 'Bullseye' and also the Bull Terrier who played the role of 'Bullseye' in the film adaptation of Lionel Bart's mus	1963 Academy Awards® Winners and History How the West Was Won (1962) Lilies of the Field (1963) Actor: SIDNEY POITIER in "Lilies of the Field", Albert Finney in "Tom Jones", Richard Harris in "This Sporting Life", Rex Harrison in "Cleopatra", Paul Newman in "Hud" Actress: PATRICIA NEAL in "Hud" , Leslie Caron in "The L-Shaped Room", Shirley MacLaine in "Irma La Douce", Rachel Roberts in "This Sporting Life", Natalie Wood in "Love with the Proper Stranger" Supporting Actor: MELVYN DOUGLAS in "Hud" , Nick Adams in "Twilight of Honor", Bobby Darin in "Captain Newman, M.D.", Hugh Griffith in "Tom Jones", John Huston in "The Cardinal" Supporting Actress: MARGARET RUTHERFORD in "The V.I.P.s", Diane Cilento in "Tom Jones", Edith Evans in "Tom Jones", Joyce Redman in "Tom Jones", Lilia Skala in "Lilies of the Field" Director: TONY RICHARDSON for "Tom Jones", Federico Fellini for "8 1/2", Elia Kazan for "America, America", Otto Preminger for "The Cardinal", Martin Ritt for "Hud" For the second time in Academy Awards history, fifteen years after the first British film won the Best Picture award (Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948)), another British-made film won the top award. The honored film was Tom Jones - Tony Richardson's bawdy, raucous adaptation of the Henry Fielding classic satire of 18th century England about an amorous playboy. The romantic comedy film garnered ten Oscar nominations, more than any other film in the competition. And it became the highest-grossing foreign-made film distributed in the US (up to that time). In fact, the year was a good one for British films and actors - 27 nominations (with 20 nominations in acting categories). But the uninhibited, historical adventure-sex comedy romp Tom Jones won only four Oscars - Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay (John Osborne), and Best Musical Score (John Addison). It was rare for a comedy to win the top honor. Remarkably, its film editor (Tony Gibbs), inventive cinematographer (Walter Lassally) and costume designer weren't even nominated, even though the film deserved honors for its trick photography, wink-at-the-camera attitude, dynamic editing, and costuming. Tom Jones is the only picture in Academy history with three Best Supporting Actress nominees. Although five of the cast were nominated for acting awards (Finney, Griffith, Cilento, Evans, and Redman), none won. Throughout Academy history, it set a record as the only film to receive five Oscar nominations for its acting performances - and then lose in all instances. Other films with five acting nominations that won one Oscar include: All About Eve (1950) , Bonnie and Clyde (1967) , and The Godfather, Part II (1974) . Network (1976) was also nominated for five acting slots - and won three. The Best Picture winner's weak competitors included: 20th Century Fox's expensive, bank-rupting debacle - director Joseph L. Mankiewicz's multi-million dollar, four-hour historical epic Cleopatra (with nine nominations and four Oscars - Best Color Cinematography, Best Color Art Direction/Set Decoration, Best Color Costume Design, and Best Special Visual Effects) starring Elizabeth Taylor as the Queen of Egypt, Richard Burton as Marc	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,872	Which group was formed by Billy Connolly and Gerry Rafferty?	When Gerry Rafferty and Billy Connolly were The Humblebums \| Dangerous Minds When Gerry Rafferty and Billy Connolly were The Humblebums 01.05.2011 Gerry Rafferty In the mid-1960s, Billy Connolly formed a folk group with Tam Harvey called The Humblebums. Connolly sang, played guitar and banjo, while Harvey was accomplished Bluegrass guitarist. The duo made a name for themselves playing venues and bars around Glasgow, most notably The Old Scotia , the famous home to Scottish folk music, where Connolly would introduce each song with a humorous preamble, something that became his trademark, and later his career. In 1969, The Humblebums released their first album First Collection of Merry Melodies, it was soon after this that Gerry Rafferty joined the band. Rafferty had previously played with The Fifth Column, which also featured his future Stealer’s Wheel partner, Joe Egan, and had scored a minor hit “Benjamin Day” with the group. Rafferty’s arrival into The Humblebums changed the band’s direction and Harvey soon left. The New Humblebums, or Humblebums as most still called the pairing of Connolly and Rafferty, began to achieve far greater success with their mix of Rafferty’s plaintive vocals and melodies and Connolly’s upbeat tunes and fine guitar playing. That same year, the duo released their first record together and band’s second album, The New Humblebums. The album was a major-hit in Glasgow and was well-received nationally. Amongst its most notable tracks were Rafferty’s “Look Over the Hill & Far Away”, “Rick Rack”, “Her Father Didn’t Like Me Anyway” (later covered by Shane MacGowan and The Popes), “Patrick” and “Coconut Tree”. While Connolly contributed the single “Saturday Round About Sunday”, “Everyone Knows” and “Joe Dempsey”. The album’s famous cover painting was by fake “faux-naïf” painter Patrick, aka legendary playwright John Byrne , author of The Slab Boys, and subject of Rafferty’s song “Patrick”.. The Humbelbums’ success was compounded with the release of their next album, Open Up the Door, in 1970. Here was Rafferty’s “Steamboat Row” (later covered by Stealer’s Wheel), “I Can’t Stop Now”, “Shoeshine Boy”, “Keep It To Yourself” and “My Singing Bird”; along with Connolly’s “Open Up the Door”, “Mother”, “Oh No” and “Cruisin’”. If this had been a Hollywood film, the next part of the story would be international success and world domination, but this was Glasgow, and Connolly and Rafferty wanted different things. Rafferty wanted to concentrate on the music, while Connolly was finding he was more interested in talking to the audience and being funny than performing as a folk-singer. A split was inevitable. Rafferty went to form Stealer’s Wheel with Joe Egan; while Connolly started his career as a comedian. In today’s press , Connolly is quoted as saying of his friend and former bandmate: “Gerry Rafferty was a hugely talented songwriter and singer who will be greatly missed. “I was privileged to have spent my formative years working with Gerry and there remained a strong bond of friendship between us that lasted until his untimely death. “Gerry had extraordinary gifts and his premature passing deprives the world of a true genius.”	Echo & The Bunnymen \| New Music And Songs \| Echo & The Bunnymen About Echo & The Bunnymen Echo & the Bunnymen's dark, swirling fusion of gloomy post-punk and Doors-inspired psychedelia brought the group a handful of British hits in the early '80s, while attracting a cult following in the United States. The Bunnymen grew out of the Crucial Three, a late-'70s trio featuring vocalist Ian McCulloch, Pete Wylie, and Julian Cope. Cope and Wylie left the group by the end of 1977, forming the Teardrop Explodes and Wah!, respectively. McCulloch met guitarist Will Sergeant in the summer of 1978 and the pair began recording demos with a drum machine that the duo called "Echo." Adding bassist Les Pattinson, the band made its live debut at the Liverpool club Eric's at the end of 1978, calling itself Echo & the Bunnymen. In March of 1979, the group released its first single, "Pictures on My Wall"/"Read It in Books," on the local Zoo record label. The single and their popular live performances led to a contract with Korova. After signing the contract, the group discarded the drum machine, adding drummer Pete de Freitas. Released in the summer of 1980, their debut album, Crocodiles, reached number 17 on the U.K. charts. Shine So Hard, an EP released in the fall, became their first record to crack the U.K. Top 40. With the more ambitious and atmospheric Heaven Up Here (1981), the group began to gain momentum, thanks to positive reviews; it became their first U.K. Top Ten album. Two years later, Porcupine appeared, becoming the band's biggest hit (peaking at number two on the U.K. charts) and launching the Top Ten single "The Cutter." "The Killing Moon" became the group's second Top Ten hit at the beginning of 1984, yet its follow-up, "Silver," didn't make it past number 30 when it was released in May. Ocean Rain was released that same month to great critical acclaim; peaking at number four in Britain, the record became the Bunnymen's first album to chart in the U.S. Top 100. The following year was a quiet one for the band as they released only one new song, "Bring on the Dancing Horses," which was included on the compilation Songs to Learn & Sing. De Freitas left the band at the start of 1986 and was replaced by former Haircut 100 drummer Mark Fox; by September, de Freitas rejoined the group. Echo & the Bunnymen returned with new material in the summer of 1987, releasing the single "The Game" and a self-titled album. Echo & the Bunnymen became their biggest American hit, peaking at number 51; it was a success in England as well, reaching number four. However, the album indicated that the group was in a musical holding pattern. At the end of 1988, McCulloch left the band to pursue a solo career; the rest of the band decided to continue without the singer. Tragedy hit the band in the summer of 1989 when de Freitas was killed in an auto accident. McCulloch released his first solo album, Candleland, in the fall of 1989; it peaked at number 18 in the U.K. and number 159 in the U.S. Echo & the Bunnymen released Reverberation, their first album recorded without McCulloch, in 1990; it failed to make the charts. McCulloch released his second solo album, Mysterio, in 1992. Two years later, McCulloch and Sergeant formed Electrafixion, releasing their first album in 1995. In 1997, the duo re-teamed with Pattinson to re-form Echo & the Bunnymen, issuing the LP Evergreen. Two years later, they returned with What Are You Going to Do with Your Life? The new millennium brought Echo & the Bunnymen back to the basics. The British press touted the band's storybook flair found on 1983's Ocean Rain and figured such spark would be found on their ninth album, Flowers. Issued in spring 2001, it reflected McCulloch's dark breezy vocals and Sergeant's signature hooks. Live in Liverpool, a concert disc capturing the band's two gigs at the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts while on tour in support of Flowers, followed a year later. For 2005's Siberia, McCulloch and Sergeant joined producer Hugh Jones for the band's most classic effort since their 1997 comeback	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,873	What was the call sign of the eight-man British Army SAS patrol deployed into Iraq during the first Gulf War in January 1991?	Bravo Two Zero \| Military Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit In January 1991, during the prelude to the Coalition ground invasion of Iraq , B Squadron 22 SAS were stationed at a forward operating base in Saudi Arabia. The Squadron provided a number of long-range, similarly tasked teams deep into Iraq including three eight-man patrols; Bravo One Zero, Bravo Two Zero and Bravo Three Zero. [24] Asher lists one of the three patrols as Bravo One Niner, [25] though it is not clear whether this is one of the same three listed by Ryan. This article refers to the Bravo Two Zero patrol. Insertion Edit On the night of 22/23 January, the patrol were transported into Iraqi airspace by a RAF Chinook helicopter, along with Bravo One Zero and their Land Rover 110 vehicles. [26] Unlike Bravo One Zero, the patrol had decided not to take vehicles. According to McNab's account, the patrol walked 20 km (12 mi) [27] during the first night to the proposed location of the observation post. However, both Ryan's and Coburn's accounts put the distance at 2 km (1.2 mi). Eye-witness accounts of Bedouin tribesmen, and Asher's re-creation support the Ryan/Coburn estimate of 2 km (1.2 mi). Whilst Ryan states the patrol was intentionally dropped only 2 km (1.2 mi) from the observation post because of heavy pack weights, [28] Coburn's account suggests that the patrol was dropped closer than intended to the observation post, due to a navigational error made by the Royal Air Force .[ citation needed ] This could account for the differences in the patrol members' estimates. According to both Ryan and McNab, the weight of their equipment required the patrol to 'shuttle' the equipment to the observation post. [29] Four members would walk approximately 300 m, then drop their Bergens and wait. The next four would move up and drop their Bergens, then the first four would return for their jerry cans of water and bring them back to the group, followed by the second four doing the same. [30] In this manner, each member of the patrol covered three times the distance from the drop off to the observation post. Soon after the patrol landed on Iraqi soil, Lane discovered that they had communication problems and could not receive messages on the patrol's radio. McNab later claimed that the patrol had been issued incorrect radio frequencies; [31] however a 2002 BBC report discovered that there was no error with the frequencies because the patrol's transmissions had been noted in the SAS daily record log. [32] Ratcliffe lays the blame for the faulty radios on McNab as, being the patrol commander, it was his job to make sure the patrol's equipment was working. [33] Compromise Edit In the late afternoon of 24 January, the patrol was stumbled upon by a herd of sheep and a young shepherd. Believing themselves compromised, the patrol decided to withdraw, leaving behind excess equipment. As they were preparing to leave, they heard what they thought to be a tank approaching their position. The patrol took up defensive positions, prepared their LAW rockets , and waited for it to come into sight. However, the vehicle turned out to be a bulldozer, which reversed rapidly after seeing the patrol. Realising that they had now definitely been compromised the patrol withdrew from their position. Shortly afterwards, as they were exfiltrating (according to McNab's account), a firefight with Iraqi Armoured Personnel Carriers and other forces developed. In 2001, Asher interviewed the Bedouin family that discovered the patrol. [34] The family stated the patrol had been spotted by the driver of the bulldozer, not the young shepherd. According to the family, they were not sure who the men were and followed them a short distance, eventually firing several warning shots, whereupon the patrol returned fire and moved away. Asher's investigation into the events, the terrain and position of the Iraqi Army did not support McNab's version of events, and excludes an attack by Iraqi soldiers and Armoured Personnel carriers. Coburn's version, Soldier Five , partially supports McNab's version of events (	Britain and the World 1988 Australia's bicentennial anniversary-parade of tall ships in Sydney Harbour Feb17 Lieutenant Colonel William Higgins, an American officer serving with a United Nations truce monitoring group, was kidnapped in southern Lebanon (he was later slain by his captors). Feb21 The grave of Boadicea, the warrior queen who fought the Romans almost 2,000 years ago, was located by archaeologists under Platform 8 at King's Cross railway station. Feb23 The fifteenth Winter Olympic Games opened in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Feb25 Sinner and US TV evangelist Jimmy Swaggart is suspended by the elders of the church for his descent into immorality Feb29 Nazi document implicates Kurt Waldheim in WW II deportations. He is also accused of criminal involvement in the execution of seven British Commandos Mar6 Three IRA terrorists were shot dead by SAS men in Gibraltar. The circumstances surrounding their deaths formed the basis of a controversial TV documentary "Death On The Rock" Mar11 The one pound note (introduced 12th March 1797) ceased to be legal tender, and was replaced by the pound coin. Apr4 The ITV soap opera Crossroads ended after 24 years and 4510 episodes Apr10 The world's longest double-decker bridge opened to traffic,carrying cars and trains. The 7-9 mile long 'Great Seto Bridge' crossed the Inland Sea and liked the islands of Honshu and Shikoku. It had taken 10 years to build and cost ï¿½4.9 billion. Apr16 PLO military chief Khalil Wazir (Abu Jihad) is gunned down by Israeli commandos in Tunisia. Apr18 Israeli court convicted John Demjanjuk of Nazi war crimes, saying he was the gas chamber operator "Ivan The Terrible" at the Treblinka death camp in World War 11 May15 Soviet troops began leaving Afghanistan after eight years of occupation Jun2 In Canberra, the High Court unanimously rejected Britain's bid to ban further publication in Australia of the "Spycatcher" memoirs of former secret agent Peter Wright. Jun6 The Queen stripped imprisoned jockey Lester Piggott of his OBE. He was jailed earlier for repeated tax evasion Jul3 American warship Vincennes shot down an Iran Airbus A300 over the Gulf in the last weeks of the Iran-Iraq war, killing all 290 aboard. Jul6 167 men die in an explosion on the Piper Alpha oil rig in the North Sea. Aug19 Iran-Iraq begin a cease-fire in their eight year-old war Oct19 British government banned broadcast interviews with groups which expressed support for violence in Northern Ireland, provoking opposition charges it was handing a propaganda coup to the outlawed Irish Republican Army. Nov8 George Bush (Republican) beats Mike Dukakis (Democrat) for Presidency of the USA Dec1 Benazir Bhutto named first female Prime Minister of a Moslem country (Pakistan) Dec6	trivia_qa.jsonl
1,501,874	What sea are you in if you sail east through the Pillars of Hercules?	Crossing the Ocean Sea – West Through the Pillars of Hercules Mary Ames Mitchell Trade Outside the Strait of Gibraltar The Genoese were the first Europeans during Medieval times to venture out of the Mediterranean through the Strait of Gibraltar. Church doctrine and rumors of sea serpents did not hold them back from pursuing trade along the west coasts of Africa and Iberia. The first documented voyage occurred while the Muslims still controlled the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, and while the Crusaders still raged war in the Middle East. As early as 1162, just eight years after Muhammad al-Idrisi drew his world map, a merchant ship from Genoa visited Sale on the west coast of Morocco. By 1191, the Moroccans were allowing the Genoese to run a trading post in Ceuta. At the same time, Muslims and Christians were developing shipping centers at the mouths of the Guadiana, Guadalquivir, and Tagus Rivers in today’s Portugal. The Genoese established trading posts there, too. In 1253, a Genoese ship ventured as far south as Safi, the terminating point of the caravan routes through the Sahara Desert. You can see the caravan routes in the maps below drawn by Muhammad Al-Idrisi and Abraham Cresques. Mohammad Al-Idrisi, Tabula Rogeriana, Sicily, 1154.(1) Abraham Cresques, Catalan Atlas, 1375.(2) The Google-Earth map below will give you an idea of the geography. Not long after that, ships from Catalonia, Andalusia, and Portugal followed the Genoese example – all in search of ivory, gold dust, spices, and Eden-like islands. The Muslims were only too happy to trade with them. In 1291, when Maximus Planudes was in the middle of his translation of Geographia, two brothers from Genoa, Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, set sail in their galleys in search of the passage to the East they believed to be under Africa. They made it through the Strait of Gibraltar and were heading south along the African coast before they disappeared. As far as their generation knew, the brothers were lost at sea. However, evidence turned up later indicating the adventurers’ two galleys reached as far south as the mouth of the Gambia River. Rumors spread – possibly started by crew who made it home again – that the Vivaldis touched down on the “Fortunate Islands” [probably the Canary Islands]. A generation later, in 1312, a captain from Genoa named Lanciloto Malocello reached one of the Canaries, where he built a castle. The next generation known to sail past the Canary Islands was Portuguese. Notes Al-Idrisi, Muhammad. Tabula Rogeriana, Sicily, 1154. {{PD-old}} Public Domain in the USA and Italy, Image: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons /a/a1/TabulaRogeriana_upside-down.jpg. Cresques, Abraham. Catalan Atlas, Majorcan Cartographic School, Majorca, 1375. The atlas has been housed in the the Bibliothèque nationale de France [formerly the French Royal Library] since the time of King Charles V. {{PD-old}} Public domain. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Catalan_Atlas#mediaviewer/File:Europe_Mediterranean_Catalan_Atlas.jpeg.	TRIVIA - THE BIBLE TRIVIA - THE BIBLE Bible Trivia questions and answers. How much time did Jonah spend in the belly of the whale? A. Three days and three nights. Why did a Bible published in London in 1632 become known as the Wicked Bible? A. Because "not" was missing from the seventh commandment, making it "Thou shalt commit adultery." The name of God is not mentioned in only one book of the Bible. Which one? A. The Book of Esther. What kind of wood was used to make Noah's Ark? A. Gopher wood, according to Genesis 6:14. Who was the only Englishman to become Pope? A. Nicholas Breakspear, who was Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159. For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? A. The Beatles' first appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show." According to the Bible, what substance was used to caulk Noah's ark and to seal the basket in which the infant Moses was set adrift on the Nile? A. Pitch, or natural asphalt. How old was Moses when he died? A. He was 120 years old, according to the Bible (Deuteronomy 34:7). How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling? A. "Six cubits and a span," What biblical Babylonian king cast Daniel into the lion's den for praying to God in defiance of a royal decree? A. Darius the Mede (Book of Daniel, Chapter 6). What is the longest name in the Bible? A. Mahershalalbashbaz, which is also written Maher-shalal-hash-baz. (Isaiah 8:1). In the Bible, which of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse rides a red horse? A. War (Book of Revelation). How many books of the Bible are named for women? A. Ruth and Esther. What language is Jesus believed to have spoken? A. Aramaic -- an ancient language in use on the north Arabian Peninsula at the time of Christ. A modern version of the language is spoken today in Syria and among Assyrians in Azerbaijan. In the Bible, for what "price" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob? A. Pottage of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). What did the lords of the philistines offer Delilah for revealing the secret of Samson's strength? A. They promised the sum of 1,100 pieces of silver each, according to the Bible (Judges 16:5). In the Old Testament, who was Jezebel's husband? A. Ahab, King of Israel (I Kings 16:28-31). What bird is named for the apostle Peter? A. The petrel, from a diminutive form of Petrus, or "Peter," in Latin. What was the first town in the United States to be given a biblical name? Hint: Its name is the most common biblical place name in the country. A. Salem, Massachusetts. Salem is the shortened form of Jerusalem, which means "the city of peace" in Hebrew. In the Bible, who did the sun and moon stand still before? A. Joshua.	trivia_qa.jsonl

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.