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task493_review_polarity_classification
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task493-522e3fef5ceb4575bd1e5fe87b73d3b1
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Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive.
I found the information timeless. Yes, somethings sounded dated because of time. Yet it did not take away from the content.
|
Positive
|
task390_torque_text_span_selection
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task390-9da6d85fc446486aa53ac681ef03e306
|
In this task, you will be given a passage, a question and a list of single-word events identified from the passage. The goal is to point out all events from the given event list that can answer the question. If a question is unanswerable or none of the events answer the question, output should be empty.
Passage: But some analysts questioned how much of an impact the retirement package will have, because few jobs will end up being eliminated. "It's a cosmetic move," said Jonathan S. Gelles of Wertheim Schroder amp Co. Question: What happened after the cosmetic move? Events: ['questioned', 'impact', 'being', 'move']
|
questioned
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task142_odd-man-out_classification_no_category
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task142-0fcc6f923a274ea78839769a64713418
|
Given a set of five words, generate the word from the set that does not belong (i.e. is the least relevant) with the other words. Words are separated by commas.
sea, current, late, moon, main
|
late
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task755_find_longest_substring_and_replace_its_sorted_lowercase_version_in_both_lists
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task755-1ce965a9ab794b5b8272511801e800ed
|
In this task, you are given two strings A,B. You must perform the following operations to generate the required output list: (i) Find the longest common substring in the strings A and B, (ii) Convert this substring to all lowercase and sort it alphabetically, (iii) Replace the substring at its respective positions in the two lists with the updated substring.
jTVZaTiAJ, lQZaTcwn
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jTVatziAJ, lQatzcwn
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task506_position_of_all_alphabetical_elements_in_list
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task506-24b3588a3c9e4320b8c058f8b5ddee0d
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In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the alphabetical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no alphabetical element is in the list.
['l', 'M', 'v', '7483', '1231', 'h', '2913', '3307', 'j', '8197', '9631', '4523', 'm']
|
1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 13
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task067_abductivenli_answer_generation
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task067-3bf58d8da8ba4cd59ab0633927ddb632
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In this task, you're given the beginning and the ending of a three-part story. Your job is to complete the short story by writing a middle sentence that seamlessly connects the first and last sentence. Generated sentences must be short, have fewer than 10 words, and be simple as if narrating to a child. Avoid using any irrelevant extra information when creating the middle sentence, and use names (e.g. Jack, Barbara,...) instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible.
Beginning: David wanted to shop for black friday. Ending: He waited for cyber monday.
|
David got sick and didn't have the energy to go to stores and run to the sales.
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task124_conala_pair_averages
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task124-6d9ca90afee8487f940b5b53326d2ca5
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In this task you are given a list of numbers and you need to find the average of each two consecutive values. The average of two numbers a and b is calculated as: (a + b) /2. The output should be a list of the averages of each two consecutive values. A list is presented with two brackets and comma-separated values, like: [1,2,3].
[69, -85, -82, 75, -40, 98, -48, 27, -52, -45]
|
[-8.0, -83.5, -3.5, 17.5, 29.0, 25.0, -10.5, -12.5, -48.5]
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task1289_trec_classification
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task1289-aa29f4ee3db7427392c34b6f2218496d
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
Whose husbands have included Conrad Hilton Jr. , and Michael Wilding ?
|
Person
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task163_count_words_ending_with_letter
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task163-b2398f0806ac44f292dc7274d5d64ad3
|
In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that end with the given letter. Answer with numbers and not words.
Sentence: 'a mini van being pulled up on a tow truck'. How many words end with the letter 'w' in the sentence.
|
1
|
task820_protoqa_answer_generation
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task820-16814f09f77c49019f2a671a2d0f97a9
|
Write a correct answer for the question. You should reason about prototypical situations and provide the correct answer. Avoid answers that provide incomplete justification for the question.
name something from your ex that you might get rid of when starting a new relationship
|
their clothes
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task1730_personachat_choose_next
|
task1730-0f6fe20a1dd440c5b928aad2dd861aac
|
You will be given a person's personality, and a history of a conversation this person has had. You will be given four candidate sentences to complete the conversation, based on the context. Choose one and answer with the text.
Personality: I wish I could take back a mistake.
I don T like my reputation.
I don T like feeling controlled.
I've a harsh inner critic.
I want to move.
Chat history: -Hi there! How are you? I am maria.
-Hi how are you today.
-I'm good. I've a spanish last name but tell people it is italian.
Candidates 1) Between practice and work and everything, I never have time for my pet iguana named sophocles. 2) Wow. What is your other name. 3) Just a small pet cat. You have cats? 4) Is it a high school basketball team?
|
Wow. What is your other name.
|
task629_dbpedia_14_classification
|
task629-f61a3b22bf414661b83d17f9b8fc3731
|
In this task, you are given a text which is the body of a document. Your job is to classify the topic of the document into these categories: 1)Company, 2)Educational Institution, 3)Artist, 4)Athlete, 5)Office Holder, 6)Mean of transportation, 7)Building, 8)Natural place, 9)Village, 10)Animal, 11)Plant, 12)Album, 13)Film, 14)Written work. Your output should be the category number. Don't generate anything apart from numbers 1-14.
Text: Chlorocardium is a genus of the family Lauraceae. It contains only two species C. rodiei and C. venenosum and is native to northern South America. The name Chlorocardium means green (chloro-) heart (cardia) referring to the wood.They are trees up to 40 m high mostly 30 m highand are hermaphrodites. They are slow-growing canopy evergreen trees and have a valuable timber.
|
11
|
task1419_mathqa_gain
|
task1419-db347062858d480ebedadbaa679f887f
|
In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the gain. Gain is the value by which to multiply the input. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: in a sample of 800 high school students in which all students are either freshmen , sophomores , juniors , or seniors , 22 percent are juniors and 75 percent are not sophomores . if there are 160 seniors , how many more freshmen than sophomores are there among the sample of students ?
Options: a ) 42 , b ) 48 , c ) 64 , d ) 76 , e ) 88
|
c
|
task400_paws_paraphrase_classification
|
task400-673dbfcc0d4d44ef95f64fa2780ad83c
|
In this task you are given a sentence pair from wikipedia that have high lexical overlap. If the sentences have the same meaning and are just paraphrases of each other label them as "Paraphrase" , if not label them as "Not paraphrase". The two sentences are seperated by a new line.
At some point , Lola Guam struck and caused areas in Merizo to flood four to five feet .
At some point , Lola hit Merizo and caused areas in Guam to flood four to five feet .
|
Not paraphrase
|
task1446_farthest_integers
|
task1446-4336de407e4e4389a7ad6b7c857e7c96
|
In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should find the maximum absolute difference between 2 integers in the list. The absolute difference is the absolute value of one integer subtracted by another. The output should be a single integer which is the largest possible absolute distance.
[-51, -5, 32, -24, -80, -41, 19, -66]
|
112
|
task509_collate_of_all_alphabetical_and_numerical_elements_in_list_separately
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task509-d230d0749a364a52b894d5d485f60f5f
|
In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to collate all the alphabetical elements at the start of the list followed by all the numerical elements of the list. Maintain the order in which the alphabetical elements appear in the given input list, and do the same for the numerical elements.
['j', '2757', 'F', 'U', 'N', 'H', '5899', '303', 'y', '3545', '9445', '3505', '4333', '2747', 'g', 'O', 'b', 'R', 'A']
|
j, F, U, N, H, y, g, O, b, R, A, 2757, 5899, 303, 3545, 9445, 3505, 4333, 2747
|
task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double
|
task306-69b3052e2380480594992ad87f91ec54
|
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Category: STARTS & ENDS WITH "O"
Clue: This river that flows through Venezuela is South America's northernmost major river
|
orinoco
|
task924_event2mind_word_generation
|
task924-5abf959978db4479836c7fd8aeb4b360
|
You are provided with an "Event", "Intent" and "XEmotion" (PersonX's reactions for the given "Event"). Indicate PersonY's reaction (person feels) at the end of this event. Provide one reaction for PersonY. If there's nothing that can be implied, respond as None
Event:PersonX prevents PersonY from entering. Intent: 1) to get away 2) to prevent getting caught. XEmotion: 1) lucky and questioning
|
restricted.
|
task297_storycloze_incorrect_end_classification
|
task297-37d00c9a0ef045c5867378242cf9f909
|
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language. The given story is not complete and your job is to complete the story by selecting one of the end sentence choices from (A) and (B), such that the story does not sound complete and coherent, i.e., select an incorrect end sentence.
Sentence1: Amy was running late for her flight. Sentence2: She hurried through airport security. Sentence3: She could hear her name over the speaker near her gate. Sentence4: She ran top speed and greeted annoyed stewardess.
(A) Amy then left the airplane and drove home. (B) She boarded her flight just in time.
|
A
|
task586_amazonfood_polarity_classification
|
task586-5f0f2d0b5b5349edb1f460522e0e5f04
|
You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
I discovered these wonderful tomatoes and yes, they are worth paying for. Unfortunately in my area they are approaching 6 bucks a can and never go on sale. Walmart has them for about 4 dollars a can, but I prefer not to be tied down to that store. The local "Italian mart" advertised san marzano tomatoes, 4 cans for 5 dollars- too good to be true? yes, in fact , these are very ordinary tomatoes. I am on the hunt for these wonderful tomatoes at a good price.They turn an ordinary recipe into a gourmet experience.
|
Positive
|
task267_concatenate_and_reverse_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j
|
task267-1a905406629c46d79eb3dfc32cefb4e9
|
In this task, you are given inputs 'i', 'j', and A, where 'i' and 'j' are integers and A is a list. A list is shown by two brackets and comma-separated numbers and characters inside, like ['1', '12', 'l']. You need to concatenate all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, and then reverse the resulting string. 'i' and 'j' will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. 'i' will always be less than 'j'. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not reverse first and then concatenate.
3, 22, ['8123', '5895', 'x', 'k', '9051', 'z', 'a', 'n', '9279', 'j', '1255', '9947', '7249', 'V', 'V', '2011', 'M', 'k', '2667', 'l', 'A', 'i', '6959', '1285', 'o', 'Z', 'u', '887', '6567']
|
iAl7662kM1102VV942774995521j9729naz1509kx
|
task384_socialiqa_question_classification
|
task384-bcfb1168232e4a2c85f77878376f364e
|
In this task, you're given a context passage, an answer, and a question. Your task is to classify whether the question for this answer is correct or not, based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations. If its correct ,return "True" else "False".
Context: Aubrey came from a difficult and disadvantaged background, but he had worked very hard, and Aubrey became a success.
Answer: did this to change his life
Question: Why did Aubrey do this?
|
True
|
task589_amazonfood_summary_text_generation
|
task589-edb7e54e50854e2abf8e0787b0d595ac
|
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon's food products. Your task is to generate a short summary of the given review in the input. Note that you don't need to write a complete sentence as a summary.
DONT BE FOOLED - This is not a Health Cereal. The second ingredient is SUGAR and this cereal also has fructose in it. I feel like I'm eating kid cereal. It would be healthy if it had less sugar in it. Carb-conscious people and diabetics BEWARE.
|
Too Sweet
|
task516_senteval_conjoints_inversion
|
task516-485fd3f7aeac4de398b69e2d8f5e75fc
|
In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the instances as "Original" or "Inversion" based on your judgment.
We 'd texted on Sunday , but he hadn 't returned my calls .
|
Original
|
task229_arc_answer_generation_hard
|
task229-ade61b522d204601ac917a64c493c159
|
You are given a science question (hard-level) and four answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer based on scientific facts, knowledge, and reasoning. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'. There is only one correct answer for each question.
When an animal population moves a long distance to another area in order to survive it is called
(A) breeding. (B) hibernation. (C) migration. (D) navigation.
|
C
|
task366_synthetic_return_primes
|
task366-ecc558af17994a0b9f31ae2802d1f2b5
|
In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should remove any integer that is not prime. A prime integer is an integer that is only divisible by '1' and itself. The output should be the list of prime numbers in the input list. If there are no primes in the input list an empty list ("[]") should be returned.
[802, 113, 401, 569, 595]
|
[113, 401, 569]
|
task1423_mathqa_geometry
|
task1423-a706b34a8cb047d29dfdb261c1dfbf0a
|
In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on geometry. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: mr . loyd wants to fence his square shaped land of 150 sqft each side . if a pole is laid every 30 ft how many poles do he need ?
Options: ['a ) 20', 'b ) 30', 'c ) 40', 'd ) 50', 'e ) 60']
|
b
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task1431_head_qa_answer_generation
|
task1431-df293fdb54d847488280cd77f281d71b
|
In this task, you are given a multiple-choice question about healthcare. Answer the question based on your information and classify your answers into '1', '2', '3', and '4'.
Question: Which of the mentioned vasoactive substances preferentially contracts the glomerular efferent arterioles in most physiological states?
Options: <1> Adrenalin. <2> Noradrenaline <3> Endothelin <4> Angiotensin II. <5> Bradykinin
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4
|
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task303-9c13f095d891400da0d1230b235c4b4c
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
Connecticut's Democratic governor says he will ban state-funded travel to Indiana over a controversial religious freedom law. 'I found it disturbing, disgraceful and outright discriminatory,' the state's chief executive, Dannel Malloy, said during a news conference on an unrelated issue. 'It hearkens back to a time when states were allowed to pass laws that treated their citizens differently. It's our shared past where discrimination was codified into our laws.' Connecticut will become the first state to bar travel to Indiana since its governor signed the religious freedom law last Thursday. Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California, have sent out similar orders, however.Connecticut will be the first state to bar travel to Indiana since its governor signed the controversial religious freedom law last ThursdayState joins Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California, in the ban'It is a sad fact that in our history religion was used as a basis to support treating black and white individuals differently' too, Connecticut's gov saidCivil rights groups say the law is discriminatory against LGBT personsRepublican lawmakers in the state today said they'd be open to clarifying the bill's intent through legislative changesIndiana's GOP governor is not backing down: 'From people who preach tolerance every day, we’ve been under an avalanche of intolerance,' he said
Question:The _ law now under a microscope says that 'a governmental entity may not substantially burden a person's exercise of religion.'
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San Francisco
|
task505_count_all_numerical_elements_in_list
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task505-d6b9172bb6d9411792edcac5205804ae
|
In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the count of all the numerical elements in the given list. Return 0 if no numerical element in the list.
['A', '3305', 'C', 'v', '6241', '5087', 'O', 'l', 'I', 'M', '5079', 'a', 'e', '6539', '2919', 't', 'V', '421', '1101', '6249', '1085', '3715', '5285', '6267', 'C', 'Z', 'u', 'w', 'p', 'K', 'r', 'Y', 'B', '1277']
|
14
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task593_sciq_explanation_generation
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task593-e5cd77decb7640ccb1a6df48c82c757e
|
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question.
Question: What is cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen known as? Answer: aerobic respiration
|
Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration.
|
task380_boolq_yes_no_question
|
task380-3c0fe2a3c41d47d8a17be4cdfeb7c172
|
In this task you will be given a passage and a yes/no question based on the passage. You should answer the question using the information from the passage.
passage: Retail sale of beer and wine is prohibited on Sundays between 2:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. and between 2:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. on weekdays and Saturdays. Retail sale of liquor is prohibited on Sundays, Christmas Day, and between 12:00 midnight and 8:00 a.m on all other days.
question: can you buy liquor on sundays in west virginia?
|
Yes
|
task155_count_nouns_verbs
|
task155-70a74415c349443b804ff07dc4fa7573
|
In this task, you need to count the number of nouns/verbs in the given sentence.
Sentence: 'A man in the park throwing a frisbee'. Count the number of nouns in this sentence.
|
3
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task298_storycloze_correct_end_classification
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task298-a67883dd721f47358a60732ae0da06e6
|
In this task, you're given four sentences of a story written in natural language, and one last sentence (Sentence5). Your job is to classify whether the last sentence completes the rest of the story coherently or not by providing 'Yes' or 'No'.
Sentence1: Sherry liked to explore the outdoors. Sentence2: She decided to hike in the state park on a sunny day. Sentence3: While walking along a creek she saw something shiny. Sentence4: Bending down, she picked up the shiny item.
Sentence5: She picked up a knife covered with rust.
|
No
|
task366_synthetic_return_primes
|
task366-3f34b1ce85fe41a2941e10ff1e823e5c
|
In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should remove any integer that is not prime. A prime integer is an integer that is only divisible by '1' and itself. The output should be the list of prime numbers in the input list. If there are no primes in the input list an empty list ("[]") should be returned.
[233, 149, 721, 378, 937, 455, 205, 30, 881, 376, 991, 23, 787, 443, 461, 718]
|
[233, 149, 937, 881, 991, 23, 787, 443, 461]
|
task516_senteval_conjoints_inversion
|
task516-2bec4c1f4fc74db1b776963ab38e4cb0
|
In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the instances as "Original" or "Inversion" based on your judgment.
He would take care of the ranch and she would see to the resort portion .
|
Inversion
|
task1291_multi_news_summarization
|
task1291-833b221918c1457db6f8a0040659530b
|
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
Fear of vengeful omniscient gods may have helped human societies expand
Updated
Belief in an all-seeing punitive god motivates people to be more charitable towards strangers outside their own family and community, particularly to those of similar beliefs, researchers have found.
Key points Eight communities that adhere to a wide array of mainstream religions as well as animism and ancestor worship studied
People who believe in punitive, all knowing gods more likely to support people with same belief
Study suggests religion may have helped boost cooperation in societies
A study, published today in Nature, suggests religiosity may contribute to greater cooperation and collaboration despite geographic separation.
"People may trust in, cooperate with and interact fairly within wider social circles, partly because they believe that knowing gods will punish them if they do not," the study's authors wrote.
"Moreover, the social radius within which people are willing to engage in behaviours that benefit others at a cost to themselves may enlarge as gods' powers to monitor and punish increase."
To explore these ideas, researchers studied 591 people from eight diverse communities in Brazil, Mauritius, Siberia, Tanzania, Fiji and Vanuatu.
People in these communities adhere to a wide array of religions such as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism as well as local traditions such as animism and ancestor worship.
The participants played a game in which they were given the option to exercise financial favouritism towards themselves and their local community, or to be completely impartial by obeying the roll of a die, which could mean giving money to a distant person of the same religion.
Each participant's religious beliefs were also explored through interviews designed to assess how much their god or gods cared about morality, punishment, and how much those knowledge the gods had of individual's behaviour.
The researchers found people who believed in a more punitive, all-knowing god ended up giving more money to distant people who shared the same religious belief.
Playing fair or favourites
Lead author Dr Benjamin Purzycki said the results suggested people of the belief that one's actions are monitored, judged and punished by a deity were more likely to play fair than to play favourites.
"Ultimately we've all got very similar constitutions; we behave a certain way when we feel like we're being watched and if there's a threat of a punisher around, that alters our behaviour," said Dr Purzycki, post-doctoral research fellow at the Centre for Human Evolution, Cognition and Culture at the University of British Columbia.
We've all got very similar constitutions; we behave a certain way when we feel like we're being watched and if there's a threat of a punisher around, that alters our behaviour. Dr Benjamin Purzycki
"So what these gods seem to do is they harness that suite of psychological predispositions we have and it can steer our sociality and pro-sociality in specific ways."
Dr Purzycki said the stronger motivation provided by the threat of punishment rather than reward reflected human nature; when driven by reward, people are more likely to do dishonest things than when driven by the threat of punishment.
This can even overcome our evolutionary drive to look after our own - although the study did show that the more children people had, the more likely they were to play favourites.
"We found exactly what you would expect from a rational being where the more children people had the more likely they were to favour themselves and their local community at the expense of these geographically distant communities who shared the same religion beliefs and practices," Dr Purzycki said.
Belief expands cooperation with like-minded people
Given we live in an unprecedented global culture, the authors suggested religiosity may have helped to expand cooperation, trust and fairness towards far-flung strangers of similar religious persuasions.
"In addition to some forms of religious rituals and non-religious norms and institutions, such as courts, markets and police, the present results point to the role that commitment to knowledgeable, moralistic and punitive gods plays in solidifying the social bonds that create broader imagined communities," they wrote.
In an accompanying commentary, Professor Dominic D P Johnson from the University of Oxford pointed out the study did not explore whether the influence of an all-seeing powerful punisher on fairness would extend to individuals from different or no religious persuasion.
However, he said, the results offered "the most explicit evidence yet that belief in supernatural punishment has been instrumental in boosting cooperation in human societies".
Topics: science-and-technology, religion-and-beliefs, anthropology-and-sociology, vanuatu, fiji, brazil, mauritius, russian-federation, tanzania-united-republic-of
First posted ||||| Beliefs about all-knowing, punishing gods -- a defining feature of religions ranging from Christianity to Hinduism -- may have played a key role in expanding co-operation among far-flung peoples and led to the development of modern-day states, according to a UBC-led study published in Nature.
The research, an international collaboration among anthropologists and psychologists, looked at how religion affects humans' willingness to co-operate with those outside their social circle. The study involved interviews and behavioural experiments with nearly 600 people from communities in Vanuatu, Fiji, Brazil, Mauritius, Siberia and Tanzania whose religious beliefs included Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, animism and ancestor worship.
"Certain kinds of beliefs -- involving gods who are aware of human interactions and punish for moral transgressions -- can indeed contribute to the evolution of human co-operation," said lead author Benjamin Purzycki, a postdoctoral research fellow at UBC's Centre for Human Evolution, Cognition and Culture.
"If you think you're being watched, and expect to be divinely punished for being too greedy or thieving, you might be less inclined to engage in anti-social behavior towards a wider range of people who share those beliefs."
Results show that believers in all-knowing gods who punish for wrongdoing are more likely to behave fairly towards anonymous, distant "co-religionists" -- those who share beliefs about gods and rituals, but may not belong to the same religious organization.
When people act this way, the study suggests, they are engaging in behaviour that can support key features of modern-day societies - such as large, co-operative institutions, trade, markets and partnerships.
"Religious beliefs may have been one of the major contributing factors in the development and stability of highly complex social organizations, such as states," said Purzycki.
Background
The paper, "Moralistic gods, supernatural punishment and the expansion of human sociality," is published in Nature.
The study included interviews along with two games that involved the distribution of coins to participants or other believers based locally or in distant communities. In these games, participants were supposed to use a die to determine who would get the coins. However, as anonymous players, they could override the die and give coins to whomever they wished. For both games, participants were more likely to play by the rules and dole out more coins to distant believers if they reported that their gods knew about people's thoughts and behaviour, and punished for wrongdoing.
### |||||
|
The belief in all-seeing and punitive gods may be a huge factor in how modern civilization came to be. So report researchers in the journal Nature after studying nearly 600 individuals from eight communities, including plant cultivators on the South Pacific island of Tanna, wage laborers on Fiji and in Brazil, herders and wage laborers in Siberia, and East African hunter-gatherers. Using a behavioral game involving a cup and dice, the researchers found that people were more likely to reward strangers in a distant land over themselves if they thought their actions were being monitored from on high. That proved especially true if the strangers shared their religious beliefs. The upshot is that these beliefs make people more likely to cooperate with those outside their immediate social circles, and perhap explains how "far-flung peoples" came together, say the researchers in a press release. "A large part of the success of human civilizations may have lain in the hands of the gods, whether or not they are real," writes an evolutionary biologist in Nature. As Science News explains, this tendency to cooperate with strangers would have had huge implications starting about 10,000 years ago as primitive communities began to have more contact with each other. In the study, the stronger the belief in a punishing god, the greater the likelihood was for rewarding distant strangers, reports ABC Science. The researchers theorize that this is why Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, all of which include what Science News calls "divine discipline," have spread so successfully. Their adherents made sure to work with each other. (Rich Americans, meanwhile, are less charitable as a percentage of their income.)
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task1400_obqa_incorrect_answer_generation
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task1400-992a80d79fbe43979584e7ef8be6c527
|
This task is about generating an incorrect answer to a question given the question and a true statement related to the question. The answer must be related to the question, but incorrectly answer it given the context.
Fact: wildfire is when a forest catches fire. Question: When a wildfire happens what catches fire?
|
water
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task1434_head_qa_classification
|
task1434-a2f70d40a7c848b7a6b11ec25f53d52f
|
In this task, you are given a question and answer options for that question. Using this information, you have to classify each text into different topics: medicine, nursery, psychology, chemistry, pharmacology, biology.
Question: The lipogenesis takes place mainly in:
Options: <0> The mitochondria'. <1> The cytosol. <2> The peroxisomes. <3> The lysosomes. <4> The lipid rafts of the membranes.
|
chemistry
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task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
|
task405-3e7afa1994dd4a2095744ff71ecc058b
|
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
Professional safe-cracker Zed comes to Paris to help a childhood friend, Eric, with a bank heist. In the cab on the way to his hotel room, the cabbie obtains a prostitute for him. He arrives at his hotel room and is soon greeted by the prostitute, Zoe, who also confides that she is studying art, and has a "very boring" day job. After having sex, they talk with each other amiably, then fall asleep. Their reverie is soon interrupted when Eric barges in and brusquely sends Zoe out of the room, so the two men can get on with their business.
Eric takes Zed back to his residence where Zed meets Eric's friends. Eric explains his plans: the following day is Bastille Day and virtually everything is closed except for the bank they plan to rob, which is a holding bank and is open on holidays. Zed forgoes his rest time to spend the night partying with Eric and his friends among some of the less reputable people of Paris in a cavernous jazz club, which Eric refers to as 'the Real Paris'. During the binging, Eric confides to Zed that he has AIDS, which he contracted through IV drug use.
The next day, Zed is awakened by Eric as they prepare to enter the bank. The team dons carnival masks to hide their faces before bursting into the bank. They quickly kill those who do not cooperate as they escort Zed (who has not witnessed the killings) to the safe so he can get to work. Their plans soon start to disintegrate as the police show up and they're faced with the possibility of going to jail for life or having to shoot their way out. Eric throws an explosive into a vault and enters it (mortally wounding a guard in the process - Zed himself shoots the guard as an act of mercy), finding a large supply of gold bars but the thieves can't leave the bank alive with their fortune. Tensions become even higher when Zed recognizes Zoe (who coincidentally works at the bank) and attempts to protect her, to the fury of Eric, who viciously slashes Zed's cheek with a knife.
A vicious gunfight between the police, Eric, and the rest of the gang begins with Zed caught 'innocently' in the middle. Eric's men are killed by the police as they rush the bank, and Zed and Eric begin to fight each other. The police shoot Eric to death. He falls on Zed, splattering great amounts of blood on him in the process (possibly exposing Zed to his HIV-infected blood). Injured, Zed is led away quickly by Zoe, who covers for him, stating he is a bank customer. They drive away in her car, where Zoe promises Zed that when he gets well she'll show him the 'real' Paris. The film ends with the implication that Zed contracted HIV from Eric and will give it to Zoe, thereby "Killing Zoe."
|
On what day will the heist take place?
|
task183_rhyme_generation
|
task183-480b1fcc7f38494bac63e176cc33f074
|
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
occur
|
kuhr
|
task195_sentiment140_classification
|
task195-15ea378d14f945bbb3bb416b48031da6
|
In this task, you are given a text from tweets. Your task is to classify given tweet text into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
All this is stressin me rite out =( i have a bad feelin that im gonna 4gotten about. You'v all annoyed me i have lyk 2 proper friends x
|
negative
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task1729_personachat_generate_next
|
task1729-82cad56aa8a0462e838d766c631ae2c0
|
Your task is to generate the next utterance in a given dialogue. You will be given a few sentences describing the personality of the person who is making the dialogue, and a history of the dialogue after that. Each line in the history is said by one of the two participants in the conversation.
Personality: Driving in the country side is a pastime.
I went to college.
I wanted to be a nurse.
I live in a small town.
I like to go shopping.
Chat history: -Howdy how are you doing I am fine myself nice night.
-Good to hear. I am ok. Just got off work from the irs.
|
I'm glad I do not owe anything to I rs.
|
task897_freebase_qa_topic_question_generation
|
task897-d7fbaeb6f1bf4fab9a577622369cf883
|
Given an open-ended topic (movie name, a persons name, an event, sports, etc) generate a simple trivia-type question.
australia
|
Where is the area of 127,000 square kilometres (49,000 sq miles) in central South Australia, where public are not admitted under Australian Defence Force regulations?
|
task755_find_longest_substring_and_replace_its_sorted_lowercase_version_in_both_lists
|
task755-1b01b358304b413a9fa2c189fdbc4ea0
|
In this task, you are given two strings A,B. You must perform the following operations to generate the required output list: (i) Find the longest common substring in the strings A and B, (ii) Convert this substring to all lowercase and sort it alphabetically, (iii) Replace the substring at its respective positions in the two lists with the updated substring.
QyLigPrWeZANVtdQZSeMpqUggkGVgcRCFcd, jrztExzHQNqRzdQZSeMpqUggkGVUsCCtwJMO
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QyLigPrWeZANVtdegggkmpqqsuvzgcRCFcd, jrztExzHQNqRzdegggkmpqqsuvzUsCCtwJMO
|
task1328_qa_zre_relation_generation_from_question
|
task1328-6e2231c7095144549733a002a6964ede
|
Classify the relation of question with context to one of these categories: 1) award received, 2) based on, collection, 3) conflict, 4) constellation, 5) convicted of, 6) date of death, 7) director, 8) drafted by, 9) educated at, 10) medical condition, 11) military branch, 12) narrative location, 13) occupation, 14) original network, 15) parent company, 16) point in time, 17) production company, 18) residence, 19) series, 20) service entry, 21) sex or gender, 22) spouse, 23) standards body question.
Context : Georg Burgfeld (20 June 1909 -- 8 August 1957) was a highly decorated Hauptmann in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Question : What was the award received by Georg Burgfeld?
|
award received
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task177_para-nmt_paraphrasing
|
task177-de166ce51d324113b5caf2bf757766ad
|
This is a paraphrasing task. In this task, you're given a sentence and your task is to generate another sentence which express same meaning as the input using different words.
maybe his temporal gland had to take longer to work itself out , ponder thought .
|
perhaps his time had taken a long time to tire himself out , thought ponder .
|
task105_story_cloze-rocstories_sentence_generation
|
task105-ee1ce38c47d741468e8957739b485199
|
In this task, you're given a four sentences of story written in natural language. Your job is to complete end part of the story by predicting appropriate last sentence which is coherent with the given sentences.
Sentence1: Charles had a big, white dog. Sentence2: He did not like the way the dog looked. Sentence3: Charles thought about what he could do to change it. Sentence4: He painted the dog pink.
|
Charles mother was very angry.
|
task1290_xsum_summarization
|
task1290-8f09bf27a9d94f7e9083a7b31ae16929
|
In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
A total of 21 victims were aged under 10 and offences includes rape, sexual assault and grooming, said the NSPCC.
The welfare charity said it was the first year police had been required to "cyber flag" sex crimes involving children and the internet.
It said 3,000 such crimes were recorded last year in Wales and England.
Across Wales, there was a variation in the numbers of offences cyber-flagged.
Dyfed Powys Police recorded 116 offences, North Wales 95, Gwent 59 and South Wales 26.
North Wales Police recorded three rapes involving use of the internet; against two boys, under 13 and 16, and a girl aged under 13.
NSPCC Cymru head Des Mannion said: "The sheer number of cases confirms our fears that the digital world is playing a significant role in the sexual abuse of children.
"It's clear that a large volume of sexual assaults, and in some cases rapes, have involved use of the internet - for example by grooming victims before abusing them offline, or live-streaming the abuse.
"Online abuse can be just one click away and we need innovative solutions to help keep Welsh children safe."
The figures, which were obtained by the NSPCC via a Freedom of Information request to police in England and Wales, are being discussed at its annual child protection conference in London.
|
The internet was used to commit 296 sex crimes against children as young as six in Wales last year, new figures have shown.
|
task078_all_elements_except_last_i
|
task078-0853019745874a4b993f156f15a49072
|
In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to list all the elements of A preceding the last i elements. i will always have a value less than the length of A.
2, ['5423', 'K', 'E', 'g', '3619', 'G', 'L', 's', '5989', '5977', 'u', '4651', '411', '3777', 'G', '8869', 'o', 'O', 'x', '8189', '6029', '533', 'I', '6855']
|
5423, K, E, g, 3619, G, L, s, 5989, 5977, u, 4651, 411, 3777, G, 8869, o, O, x, 8189, 6029, 533
|
task105_story_cloze-rocstories_sentence_generation
|
task105-9d5d42a7339e4e1ba9897634a5727ab5
|
In this task, you're given a four sentences of story written in natural language. Your job is to complete end part of the story by predicting appropriate last sentence which is coherent with the given sentences.
Sentence1: Jim Malone was a science teacher with a passion for music. Sentence2: Jim taught at a school for gifted, but less fortunate kids. Sentence3: The school recently lost their musical director. Sentence4: If they could not find a replacement they would close the program.
|
Jim became the new musical director.
|
task605_find_the_longest_common_subsequence_in_two_lists
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task605-7dd681516e1f48489ed6c4d722989362
|
In this task, you are given two lists A,B. Find the longest common subsequence in the lists A and B.
['A', 'F', 'F', 7693, 1047, 'j', 9083, 9189, 'X', 3647, 6677, 'l', 'r', 'U', 'T', '4673', '1831', 'y', 'v', 'R', '5821', '5273', '7243', 'R', 'Z', 'X', '1487', '2661', '8397', 'q', 'm', 'M', '9555', 'c', 's', 'G', '2117', '4135', 'g', 's', 'Z', 4943, 'M', 'q', 'd', 9903, 523, 2081, 'x'], [3143, 'F', 8057, 'd', 9451, 5585, 6895, 'Y', 4665, 3075, 3657, 'b', 'L', 'U', 'T', '4673', '1831', 'y', 'v', 'R', '5821', '5273', '7243', 'R', 'Z', 'X', '1487', '2661', '8397', 'q', 'm', 'M', '9555', 'c', 's', 'G', '2117', '4135', 'k', 'u', 1003, 'T', 1373, 9835, 4563, 3629, 767, 3799, 1757, 7193, 'Q']
|
U, T, 4673, 1831, y, v, R, 5821, 5273, 7243, R, Z, X, 1487, 2661, 8397, q, m, M, 9555, c, s, G, 2117, 4135
|
task611_mutual_multi_turn_dialogue
|
task611-417b061f76fc4e8f8c66a96cd6b22142
|
In this task you are given a small conversation between two persons and 4 options on how the conversation should continue. Your job is to choose the most reasonable option. The conversation and the options are separated by a newline character. Each dialogue in the conversation are separated by a comma. F and M indicate female and male, respectively.
F: How was your trip, Dan? I'd love to go round the world. ,M: It was great. First we went to London but only for a few days as it rained all the time. Both of us got really wet. ,F: You went to Paris next, didn't you? ,M: Well, Paris wasn't at all, sunny, but it was better than London, a bit cloudy. ,F: Did you go up the Eiffel Tower? ,M: Yes. We both had a great time. ,F: Where did you go after Paris? ,M: To Sydney. We didn't get to the famous Bondi Beach as there were a lot of thunderstorms. We did some shopping there.
(A) F: I’m sorry, I didn’t understand. Could you repeat a little louder, please? (B) F: Yeah, shopping in Tokyo was a good choice. (C) F: Yeah, shopping in Sydney was a good choice. (D) F: Yeah, playing on the beach was a good choice in Sydney.
|
C
|
task333_hateeval_classification_hate_en
|
task333-7d9b08ea67a345b8b097f998a4c2f781
|
In this task, you are given a post in English from online platforms. You are expected to identify whether the post is hateful against immigrants and women. A hateful post expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or a group. If a post is hateful but not towards immigrants and women, it should be labeled as non-hateful. Answer "hateful" or "Non-hateful". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Post: @jezzellll then why tho?? u damn stupid hoe 😂
|
Hateful
|
task587_amazonfood_polarity_correction_classification
|
task587-fe95996fb1d44adfbfa5af1a4b665a38
|
You are given an amazon food product review and its polarity (positive or negative). Your task is to answer "True" if the specified sentence and its polarity match; otherwise, answer "False".
Not much else to say... I keep a box in my desk here at work, and I can enjoy a cup anytime! Nice flavor, and no bitterness, so I can drink it straight without sugar! Pros: Flavor and value. Cons: It can't do my taxes for me... that's really about all I can think of. lol
Polarity: Negative
|
False
|
task339_record_answer_generation
|
task339-6b4ac85afb4d4f1ab419109e31e2a6e4
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage and have to answer a question based on your understanding of the events inferred from the passage. Try to find the best answer that is most likely to fill in "_". Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
(CNN) When Justin Trudeau swept to power last year amid a wave of positive change and optimism, he promised to bring Canada back to the global stage. "Withdrawing support from globalization," the Prime Minister told CNN's Christiane Amanpour ahead of his debut speech to the UN General Assembly, "is taking us in the wrong direction." He added, "And what we're doing in Canada is very much focused on showing inclusive growth, diversity, opportunities for everyone is a path forward, and I'm finding a lot of reflection of the desire for that on the world stage." Ten months into his tenure, Trudeau is still remarkably popular, with one recent Nanos Research poll showing that 69% of respondents agreed he had the qualities of a good political leader.Justin Trudeau: "You can't just bring (refugees) over. You have to help them on a path towards being successful"Canadian Prime Minister spoke to CNN's Christiane Amanpour
Question:This includes fixing _'s pension plan and introducing legislation to legalize physician-assisted dying, he said.
|
Canada
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task849_pubmedqa_answer_generation
|
task849-5056b4f598544897b4be08feca3f8041
|
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
Context: Combination therapy for cancer is more effective than using only standard chemo- or radiotherapy. Our previous results showed that dendritic cell-activated α-fetoprotein (AFP)-specific T-cells inhibit tumor in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we focused on antitumor function of CD8(+) T-cells combined with or without JAK2 inhibitor.', 'Proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the expression level of related protein and signaling pathway.', 'We demonstrated reduced viability and induction of apoptosis of tumor cells with combination treatment. Intriguingly, cell cycle was blocked at the G1 phase by using AFP-specific CD8(+) T-cells combined with JAK2 inhibitor (AG490). Furthermore, an enhanced expression of BAX but no influence on Fas/FasL was detected from the tumor cells.\Question: Does jAK2 inhibitor combined with DC-activated AFP-specific T-cells enhance antitumor function in a Fas/FasL signal-independent pathway?
|
These results indicate a Fas/FasL-independent pathway for cellular apoptosis in cancer therapies with the treatment of AFP-specific CD8(+) T-cells combined with JAK2 inhibitor.
|
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task303-5eb54cda8f0343d8a74f31353b9c027f
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
(CNN) Medical marijuana is now legal in 29 states and the District of Columbia. But the law is not quite as black and white regarding marijuana extracts such as cannabidiol. CBD is one of the active ingredients in cannabis, increasingly thought to offer wide-ranging health benefits, with few side effects and little risk of addiction or abuse. "More and more evidence is coming out that CBD can be helpful for a variety of conditions, from anxiety to inflammation to seizures and epilepsy," said Marcel Bonn-Miller, an adjunct assistant professor of psychology in psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. No surprise, dozens of companies are jumping on the proverbial bandwagon, peddling these products to consumers who have high hopes that they will help treat myriad ailments, from chronic pain to PTSD.Cannabidiol is a compound in marijuana that can provide medicinal benefitsA new study finds that only one-third of CBD products sold online are accurately labeled
Question:The researchers found that only 31% of the products tested contained the precise amount of CBD advertised on the label (within the acceptable margin of error), while 26% contained less _ than the label indicated and 43% contained more.
|
District of Columbia
|
task1504_hatexplain_answer_generation
|
task1504-bad7f25c6f5040b68ec716371996dc40
|
The input is a tweet which can be Hate Speech or Offensive. Given such a tweet, output a phrase from the tweet that makes it hate speech or offensive. The output should contain only one such phrase. The output has to be from within the tweet itself. Do not generate words or phrases not present in the tweet.
go be a boomer faggot somewhere else
|
boomer faggot
|
task1420_mathqa_general
|
task1420-2e72236084384633835276f24cc1754d
|
In this task, you need to answer the given multiple-choice question on the general math. Classify your answers into 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', and 'e'.
Problem: on dividing number by 56 , we get 29 as remainder . on dividing the same number by 8 , what will be the remainder ?
Options: a ) 4 , b ) 5 , c ) 6 , d ) 7 , e ) 8
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b
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task586_amazonfood_polarity_classification
|
task586-bcf2f6b7719e42f2b738a45261de40ed
|
You are given a review of Amazon's food products. Your task is to divide them into two classes: negative or positive, depending on the content of the review.
I just received these bricks today and was very disappointed to find that BOTH of the bricks were broken and unusable as a serving/cooking plate. They were busted completed in half. They were packaged in one sleeve of small bubble wrap in a shallow box with no other protection or packaging in the box. I went online to try and return them and they are not eligible for return. This is the first return I've ever tried to do in over 7 years of purchasing items off of amazon (to the tune of several orders a month!) and yet the one time that I want to return a defective product, I can't do it. I will be much more careful about what is eligible for returns and what isn't in the future.
|
Negative
|
task1206_atomic_classification_isbefore
|
task1206-b5a1a99ac2464ae494f656b8c0997897
|
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether the Head happens before the Tail or not. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: PersonX applies lotion<sep>Tail: PersonX washes PersonX's hand
|
Yes
|
task469_mrqa_answer_generation
|
task469-dda5387108544609ab32ac7146289cdd
|
Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
Context: According to 2011 census of India, Kumbakonam had a population of 140,156 with a sex-ratio of 1,021 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 12,791 were under the age of six, constituting 6,495 males and 6,296 females.The average literacy of the city was 83.21%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. There were a total of 9,519 workers, comprising 32 cultivators, 83 main agricultural labourers, 1,206 in house hold industries, 7,169 other workers, 1,029 marginal workers, 24 marginal cultivators, 45 marginal agricultural labourers, 212 marginal workers in household industries and 0 other marginal workers.
Question: Which group of workers is smaller: in house hold industries or main agricultural labourers?
|
main agricultural labourers
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task307_jeopardy_answer_generation_final
|
task307-671c9182fb064e3f83e25cd1c4e40db2
|
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Category: STATE CAPITALS
Clue: This state capital was a compromise choice between North Platters & South Platters
|
lincoln, nebraska
|
task389_torque_generate_temporal_question
|
task389-171ee614a9984f04bdb9ee288406dd40
|
In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
Passage: Meanwhile, Ermita said Arroyo met with senior military commanders late Wednesday on her return from an East Asian summit in Malaysia. "We cannot be too complacent about reports that we have received and (discussed) actions that have to be done," he added.
|
What will happen in the future?
|
task1354_sent_comp_classification
|
task1354-8e3dd60579c84dfe9cd93629ac7fe289
|
In this task, you are given a text of news article and corresponding headline of an article. Your task is to give label "match" if headline is correct for article, otherwise give label "no".
Article: We all know that Kanye West is very passionate when it comes to his career but according to Midnight Beast, the rapper takes himself ``too seriously''. Headline: Chicago officer hit in head with baseball bat
|
no
|
task566_circa_classification
|
task566-031b7716318e49329857d555b6110d82
|
In this task, you are given two sentences. Your task is to classify the given sentences as "Yes" if they have same meaning; otherwise, classify them as "No".
Sentence-1: I made an offer on one',Sentence-2: "I did visit flats I 're interested in yet ."
|
Yes
|
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task303-d94873dac74244419cff3c837bfd0d1a
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
It is one of the most bizarre relationships in pop history - the psychotherapist who took complete control of Beach Boy Brian Wilson's life, from installing a padlock on his fridge to writing records with him. Eugene Landy is about to be portrayed as a manipulative monster in John Cusack's new movie Love & Mercy, which is released next week. But today his son Evan tells Daily Mail Online in an exclusive interview that his father should actually be given credit for saving the life of the troubled Good Vibrations star. Speaking on the eve of the release of the much-hyped biopic, Evan reveals the untold story of the star's bizarre relationship with his controversial therapist.Eugene Landy was a controversial therapist who Wilson turned to in the early1980s as his weight and drug habit spiraled out of controlA new film about the time - Love & Mercy - is released this weekend but Landy's son tells Daily Mail Online it is unfair to his fatherLandy was barred from practicing as a psychologist after a row over his '24-hour therapy' and commercial relationship with WilsonLandy threw cold water over Wilson to get him up, refused him access to food and forced him to read newspapers and watch the news on TVEvan spent years with Wilson as he recovered and they even shared birthday partiesHe says of Wilson: 'He's literally this man-child, he had this exuberance that you only seem to find in incredible youth'
Question:_ wasn't as secluded as the movie would make it out to be.'
|
Love & Mercy
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task632_dbpedia_14_classification
|
task632-cca116f580364c38bd1c74ea4b128231
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In this task, you're given a text which is the body of the document. Indicate your answer as "Yes" if the text is about a person, otherwise indicate your answer as "No". Don't generate anything else apart from "Yes" or "No". Pay attention that for your answer to be "Yes", the passage should be generally about a person. Mentions of people in the text don't necessarily mean the text is about a person.
Text: Alexander John Jones (born 10 November 1988) is a Welsh cricketer. Jones is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium pace. He was born at Bridgend Glamorgan and educated at Cowbridge Comprehensive School.Jones first appeared in county cricket for Wales Minor Counties against Oxfordshire in the 2007 Minor Counties Championship while the following season he played his first match in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Dorset.
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Yes
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task088_identify_typo_verification
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task088-76706f9af3264ad0a5fd6826936dbf24
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The given sentence contains a typo which could be one of the following four types: (1) swapped letters of a word e.g. 'niec' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (2) missing letter in a word e.g. 'nic' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (3) extra letter in a word e.g. 'nicce' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (4) replaced letter in a word e.g 'nicr' is a typo of the word 'nice'. You need to identify the typo in the given sentence. To do this, answer with the word containing the typo.
The horses are pulling the carriage on the street while men unload box.
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box.
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task649_race_blank_question_generation
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task649-7a479c92028f40bfba9b7c8eabdaa3e9
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In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the fill-in-the-blank question for this answer based on the given article. The blanks are always at the end of the question, and can be filled with more than one word or phrase.
Article: As we all know, any country has good reasons to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible. This led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. France has developed into a country in which all citizens can get most of the health treatment free. The money for this is partly from the people who are willing to offer. But there are different opinions about the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than expected. This means that the people who work for the Health Service --- doctors, nurses and other hospital workers, have much more work to do, and as a result they have little time for preventive treatment. However, the tough problem is that as many people are able to receive treatment more expensive than they can pay, sometimes people go and visit their doctors when they don't really need to. As there are many patients, doctors cannot spend time long enough with each patient. So some people prefer to pay for their own treatment so that their doctors can examine them more carefully. In fact, some rich people feel that they should pay more free money, which would be given to other citizens.
Answer: it is a very rich country in Europe
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France is described as an example to show that _ .
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task183_rhyme_generation
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task183-cb0f1bc9353e434c907f6724dfb7234d
|
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
very
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boveri
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task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
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task303-8c3e6f7a420a4a39a067e55cc10565e9
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
The moon is engulfed in a permanent, lopsided ring of dust, Nasa has revealed. Astronomers say the massive dust cloud increases in density when annual events like the Geminids meteor shower spew shooting stars. It could even harm astronauts passing by on missions to Mars, they warn - and say it could also explain why Apollo astronauts reported seeing a strange glow around the moon. The results from NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer, or LADEE, mission are the first to show the moon is engulfed in a permanent, but lopsided, dust cloud. 'Knowledge about the dusty environments in space has practical applications,' said CU-Boulder physics Professor Mihaly Horanyi.Cloud is cause of Cloud increases in density during events like the Geminids meteor showerDiscovery could help protect astronauts from debris damage
Question:'The _ science team has been busy analyzing the returned data, figuring out how the exosphere breathes and changes, and how the moon's tenuous dust shroud varies in time and space.'
|
Mars
|
task820_protoqa_answer_generation
|
task820-597326bd20674aa6a74d1019b222d403
|
Write a correct answer for the question. You should reason about prototypical situations and provide the correct answer. Avoid answers that provide incomplete justification for the question.
tell me something people often keep in their attic.
|
junk
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task1711_poki_text_generation
|
task1711-6675374498b1445489f14a03f1ca7de3
|
You are given a short text as a title. Your task is to generate a poem as output that is related to the given title and should feel like written by kids. The output should be a run-on sentence (two or more complete sentences connected without any punctuation). The poem should not be too long or too complex, because it should feel like it is written by younger person without high level of literature education.
THE SILLY BIRD.
|
when i awake one morning a stork snooze on my head i ask what be you do there it look at me and say hey i'm hungry give me a bed i need some lead my pencil run out of lead so send me to bed i'm punish and red.
|
task363_sst2_polarity_classification
|
task363-cd2f9ee1c1cd4ecb9dc3a25f412657ab
|
In this task, you are given sentences from movie reviews. The task is to classify a sentence as "POS" if the sentiment of the sentence is positive or as "NEG" if the sentiment of the sentence is negative
So much about the film is loopy and ludicrous ... that it could have been a hoot in a bad-movie way if the laborious pacing and endless exposition had been tightened .
|
NEG
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task384_socialiqa_question_classification
|
task384-747e1ce4508d48d6a35b0e6084284fdc
|
In this task, you're given a context passage, an answer, and a question. Your task is to classify whether the question for this answer is correct or not, based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations. If its correct ,return "True" else "False".
Context: Tracy took some medicine that the doctor gave her and felt a lot better.
Answer: sick
Question: How would you describe Tracy?
|
True
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task183_rhyme_generation
|
task183-ee948aa200bd495b826aa61585fdd1d0
|
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
symbol
|
thimble
|
task1596_event2mind_text_generation_2
|
task1596-f0ff26802f9540ba8256f5ac0a8cf117
|
The task is to generate text based off of an event. For the given event, there will be a person who does the action in the event (usually PersonX). Your task is to write that persons intent behind doing the event, i.e. why did the person do that action.
PersonX provides PersonY description
|
to find person y
|
task1289_trec_classification
|
task1289-39eabf96cd174a348a69bf52280f7d5d
|
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
What girl 's name is `` Teddy '' an affectionate form of ?
|
Person
|
task849_pubmedqa_answer_generation
|
task849-22a49a2e1f9f45cb9198d5cb84e56983
|
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
Context: To assess whether cellular HIV-1 DNA prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation predicts its outcome.', 'Patients included all 51 hemophiliacs of the Greek component of the Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study who had initiated HAART and for whom cryopreserved lymphocyte samples before HAART initiation were available. Cellular HIV-1 DNA quantification was performed by a molecular beacon-based real-time PCR assay in multiple samples per patient with a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 76 (45-102) weeks.', 'The median (range) baseline HIV-1 DNA load was 297 (< 10 to 3468) copies per 1 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Baseline HIV-1 DNA load did not predict initial virological response (VR). None of the patients with initial VR and baseline HIV-1 DNA load at or below the median experienced a subsequent virological rebound, while the cumulative probability of virological rebound by week 104 was 55% among those with HIV-1 DNA load greater than the median (P < 0.008). Cellular HIV-1 DNA load was the only parameter associated with sustained virological response as shown by univariate or multivariate analyses [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.197 (0.048-0.801) per 1 log10 increase in DNA copies, P = 0.023].\Question: Does cellular HIV-1 DNA load predict HIV-RNA rebound and the outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy?
|
Low cellular HIV-1 DNA load is a marker of sustained virological response in patients with initial VR and it can reliably predict the long-term success of HAART.
|
task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
|
task405-6f900f18eedb4e22ad51463136d10f1f
|
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
Much of the action of this short novel takes place in the rickety old stage-coach or coucou of Pierrotin, which regularly carries passengers and goods between Paris and Val-d'Oise. On one such trip from Paris, Comte Hugret de S rizy, a senator and wealthy aristocrat, is travelling incognito in order to investigate reports that Monsieur Moreau, the steward of his country estate at Presles, is being less than honest in his dealings on the count's behalf with a neighbouring landowner Margueron, a piece of whose land the count wishes to buy.
Among the count's fellow passengers is Oscar Husson, a young good-for-nothing mummy's boy, who is being sent to a friend of his mother's Monsieur Moreau in the hope that a position can be found for him. Also travelling to L'Isle-Adam is Georges Marest, the second clerk of the count's Parisian notary Crottat; Joseph Bridau, a young artist, who is accompanied by his young colleague L on Didas y Lora, nicknamed Mistigris. The final occupant of the coach is P re L ger, a rich farmer from Val-d'Oise who is leasing the land which the count wishes to buy from Margueron. L ger is hoping to buy it himself and then sell it piecemeal at a significant profit to the count.
To pass the time Georges amuses himself by pretending to be Colonel Czerni-Georges, a young nobleman with a distinguished military career behind him; his fellow travellers are impressed, but the count sees through him and realizes his true identity. Not to be outdone by Marest, the young painter then passes himself off as the celebrated artist Heinrich Schinner. Things become interesting when Oscar joins in and pretends to be a close acquaintance of the Comte de S rizy and his son. In the course of his boasting, he divulges several private and embarrassing details about the count - details which he could only have learnt from his godparents the Moreaus.
On the journey the count also overhears a conversation in which L ger describes how he and Moreau are conspiring to buy the land the count wants from under his nose and sell it to him at an inflated price.
When the count arrives at Presles he wastes little time dismissing Moreau - not so much for conspiring with L ger as for revealing personal details about the count and his wife to his godson. Oscar is forced to return to Paris and seek a living by some other means.
In time Oscar obtains a license and becomes a clerk in the law office of Desroches in Paris, where he is trained by Godeschal. During this time he renews his acquaintance with Georges Marest, who is actually related to him. For some time Oscar defies everyone's expectations and applies himself diligently to both his studies and his clerkly duties. But Oscar spoils everything by another indiscretion, this one much more serious than the first. At the house of demimondaine Florentine Cabirolle, who was then maintained by Oscar's wealthy uncle Cardot, Oscar gambles away five hundred francs he was given to transact an important legal matter. His hopes ruined for a second time, Oscar is forced to abandon law and enter military service.
Once again, he surprises everybody and becomes a successful soldier. He joins the cavalry regiment of the Duc de Maufrigneuse and the Vicomte de S rizy, son of the Comte de S rizy - the same young nobleman Oscar claimed to be acquainted with in the coach on the road to L'Isle-Adam. The interest of the dauphiness and of Abb Gaudron obtain for him promotion and a decoration. He becomes in turn aide-de-camp to La Fayette, captain, officer of the Legion of Honor and lieutenant-colonel. A noteworthy deed made him famous on Algerian territory during the affair of La Macta; Husson lost his left arm rescuing the mortally wounded Vicomte de S rizy from the battlefield. Although the vicomte dies shortly afterwards, the Comte de S rizy is grateful and forgives Oscar for his earlier indiscretion.
Put on half-pay, Oscar obtains the post of collector for Beaumont-sur-Oise.
At the end of the novel, Oscar and his mother are taking the Pierrotin coach to L'Isle-Adam, en route to Beaumont-sur-Oise, and find themselves in the company of several witnesses or accomplices of Oscar's earlier indiscretions: Georges Marest has lost by debauchery a fortune worth thirty thousand francs a year, and is now a poor insurance-broker; P re L ger is now married to the daughter of the new steward of Presles Reybert; Joseph Bridau is now a celebrated artist and married to L ger's daughter; Moreau, whose daughter is riding in another part of the same coach, has risen to high political office.
When Georges begins to blab about the Moreaus, Oscar - who is now the one travelling incognito - rebukes him, reminding him of the dangers of not holding one's tongue in a public conveyance. Georges recognizes him and renews his acquaintance.
In 1838 Oscar becomes engaged to Georgette Pierrotin, daughter of the same Pierrotin who now owns the business that runs the stage-coaches between Paris and Val-d'Oise. At the close of the novel, Balzac draws the following moral:
The adventure of the journey to Presles was a lesson to Oscar Husson in discretion; his disaster at Florentine's card-party strengthened him in honesty and uprightness; the hardships of his military career taught him to understand the social hierarchy and to yield obedience to his lot. Becoming wise and capable, he was happy. The Comte de S rizy, before his death, obtained for him the collectorship at Pontoise. The influence of Monsieur Moreau de l'Oise and that of the Comtesse de S rizy and the Baron de Canalis secured, in after years, a receiver-generalship for Monsieur Husson, in whom the Camusot family now recognize a relation.
Oscar is a commonplace man, gentle, without assumption, modest, and always keeping, like his government, to a middle course. He excites neither envy nor contempt. In short, he is the modern bourgeois.
|
Having lost most of his money, what does Georges Marest do for a living?
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task161_count_words_containing_letter
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task161-3fc46dfdad1d44728391f40909bb4b5b
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In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that contain the given letter
Sentence: 'two horses standing in a large green field'. How many words contain the letter 'y' in the sentence.
|
0
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task919_coqa_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task919-548a81e45cd445a8a768876026ea5baa
|
This task is about reading the given passage and the question, return an incorrect answer to the given question.
story: Beijing (CNN) -- The wife of Ai Weiwei was taken from the Chinese artist's studio by police Tuesday and was questioned for three hours, the high-profile dissident said.
Four policemen took Lu Qing from the Beijing studio to a nearby police station, he said.
She was released by police after questioning and is now a "criminal suspect," he said.
They have not told her what crimes she is accused of, he added.
"I think the authorities are trying to threaten me through her," he said, speculating that Lu's arrest was related to her plans to visit Taiwan for an exhibition of her husband's work.
She has now been told to stay in Beijing, he added.
Police did not respond to a CNN request for comment on the case.
"Nobody can consider himself safe or innocent in an environment like this," said the dissident, who was himself detained by police for 81 days earlier this year.
He was ultimately charged with tax evasion, and last week paid $1.3 million so he can contest the charges brought against his company, Fake Cultural Development Ltd.
Had he not paid the sum, his wife -- who legally represents the company -- would have been jailed, he said.
The government says the company owes 15 million yuan ($2.3 million). The money was raised from 30,000 contributors, he said.
His lawyer, Pu Zhiqiang, said last week that Ai intends to return the donations if he wins the case and is refunded the money.
His family and human rights advocates believe that the real reason for his imprisonment is his criticism of the Chinese government. ', question: 'Where is the report from?
|
Fake Cultural Development Ltd.
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task027_drop_answer_type_generation
|
task027-57ea93f31e004236bfa126324b54f8f9
|
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer can be found in the passage, label it as "span". If the answer is a number, label as "number". Similarly, label "date" if you think the answer to the given question is a date.
Passage: Plymouth Colony lost close to eight percent of its adult male population and a smaller percentage of women and children to Indian warfare or other causes associated with the war.:332 Indian losses were much greater, with about 2,000 men killed or who died of injuries in the war, more than 3,000 dying of sickness or starvation, and another 1,000 Indians sold into slavery and transported to other areas, such as the British-controlled islands in the Caribbean. About 2,000 Indians escaped to other tribes to the north or west; they joined continued Indian attacks from those bases well into the next century. Historians estimate that, as a result of King Philip's War, the Indian population of southern New England was reduced by about 40 to 80 percent. The war escalated from a local conflict to involve most of southern New England and reached to other east coast areas as well. The war killed nearly as high a percentage of the Indian population as the plagues of 1616-19. It is estimated that the Indians of New England made up almost 30 percent of the total regional population, but the Indian population had dropped to less than 15 percent by 1680, five years after the war began.:345 The settlers incurred an enormous tax burden to pay for the war, which held back the economy of the entire region for many years.:346
Question: When did the war begin?
|
date
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task283_dream_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task283-7d5b8b36897c45e18caf0471c2aefab5
|
In this task, you will be shown a conversation and a question. You need to write an implausible answer to the question. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. "W" and "M" in the conversations stand for "woman" and "man".
W: Hey Mark, have you been able to sell your old piano yet? M: Oh, you were right, just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper., Question: What does the man imply?
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He decides not to sell the piano.
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task183_rhyme_generation
|
task183-02a3be920ef04b1c81c753ffcfa7b208
|
Given an input word generate a word that rhymes exactly with the input word. If not rhyme is found return "No"
enough
|
ruf
|
task1594_yahoo_answers_topics_question_generation
|
task1594-05a3fc6110d9495a87b30717b8f8f2e5
|
You are given a passage. You need to construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) its answer is the whole paragraph. Avoid creating questions that can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph.
Case studies of work your agency has executed for other clients is always effective. Hopefully your case study will highlight work for a company closely related to your target.\n\nBusinesses are very interested in ROI - Return On Investment. Therefore, present metrics you've used to track previous campaigns, as well as the "win" your client realized.\n\nAs with all advertising, building a brand is important. Therefore, try to market your company in ways that highlight your brand attributes.\n\nRemember that in your case, you have at least two target audiences: future clients and future employees.
|
how does an Ad agency advertise itself?
|
task430_senteval_subject_count
|
task430-815fba7ee1e649359ad5f774ac7cc356
|
In this task you are given a sentence. You must judge whether subject of the main clause is singular or plural. Label the instances as "Singular" or "Plural" based on your judgment.
" Then that wisdom is forfeit, and I miss it not while there is love.
|
Singular
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task594_sciq_question_generation
|
task594-22ee19f4f2224157821c88c482d770f8
|
Given a scientific passage and an answer, generate a question for the given answer.
Passage: Human organ systems work together to carry out many of their functions. The skeletal and muscular systems are no exception. Answer: systems
|
Groupings of related organs in the human body are referred to as "organ" what?
|
task311_race_question_generation
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task311-affe245c608b45e1851f40121ff6aa12
|
In this task, you're given an article and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for the answer based on the given article.
Article: Almost everyone suffers from a headache sometimes.But some people suffer from repeated, frequent headaches. What is headache? What causes it? What can be done about a headache? What research is being done on headaches? The dictionary defines headache simply as "a pain in the head." What most people mean by headache is a pain which lasts several minutes or hours.It covers the whole head, or one side of it, or perhaps the front or the back of the head.To add to the confusion about a definition, some people call tight feeling in the head a headache. A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition which probably could be controlled if discovered early.If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a pain-killer, he may pass the point of easy control. The professional name for covering up a symptom is "masking" .A headache specialist once said, "Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment." He compared taking a pain-killer for a headache before a cause is known with taking iron pills for anemia while bleeding continues undiscovered.He added, " _ " A headache is important also because it affects normal, happy living.The employee with a headache does less work.In a flash of temper he may upset his fellow workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to his organization.The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family.She upsets her husband and children.
Answer: Headache is just the tight feeling in the head.
|
Which is true according to the passage?
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task153_tomqa_find_location_hard_clean
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task153-a6ae66cf450b4163bc95e702f335eaaf
|
Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. These stories can be difficult due to their length and how each story has at least one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios.
Sophia entered the kitchen. Ethan entered the kitchen. The pear is in the green_drawer. Ethan exited the kitchen. Sophia moved the pear to the blue_suitcase. Where is the pear really? Sophia entered the hall. Amelia entered the hall. The celery is in the blue_box. Amelia exited the hall. Sophia moved the celery to the red_box. Sophia exited the hall. Amelia entered the hall. Where does Sophia think that Amelia searches for the celery? Ethan entered the garden. James entered the garden. The turnip is in the green_envelope. Ethan moved the turnip to the green_bottle. Where will James look for the turnip?
|
green_bottle
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task151_tomqa_find_location_easy_clean
|
task151-2b98d66a5e5d43ad915a2cf275d77a23
|
Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. The story has one of the three following scenarios: (1) when the individual's belief matches reality, (2) when the individual's belief does not match reality, (3) is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios.
Mia entered the TV_room. Evelyn entered the TV_room. The green_pepper is in the green_bucket. Evelyn exited the TV_room. Mia moved the green_pepper to the green_basket. Mia exited the TV_room. Evelyn entered the TV_room. Where will Evelyn look for the green_pepper?
|
green_basket
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task374_synthetic_pos_or_neg_calculation
|
task374-2f16b9cfd7bb45909b1f7aacc6adcd50
|
In this task you will be given a list of integers. For every element in the list, if the element is positive you should multiply it by 2. If the element is negative you should multiply it by -3. The output should be a list of integers that is the result of applying that logic to the input list.
Note: A list is presented with comma separated numbers inside two brackets.
[21, 82, 26, 72, -8, -30, -34, 38, 17]
|
[42, 164, 52, 144, 24, 90, 102, 76, 34]
|
task303_record_incorrect_answer_generation
|
task303-f684865ea8a2471190edf7d86458ad03
|
In this task, you will be presented with a passage, and you need to write an **implausible** answer to to fill in the place of "_". Your answer should be incorrect, but should not be out of context. Try using words that are related to the context of the passage, but are not the correct answer. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer.
An Iceland truck driver has been hailed as a 'hero' after he saved the life of a diabetic motorist who suffered an attack in standstill traffic. Vince Brown had come to a stop on the M62 yesterday afternoon when he noticed a man in the car next to him was struggling in the heat. Ground worker Tom Lofus has diabetes but had left home without his medication and was becoming increasingly ill when Mr Brown, 62, came over and offered him all the food and drink in his cab. Mr Lofus, 25, said he believes Mr Brown's selfless actions could have saved his life.Diabetes sufferer Tom Lofus became stuck in traffic jam on M62 yesterdayTruck driver Vince Brown came to a stop and noticed Mr Lofus in distressMr Brown gave him cereal bars, Cadbury Brunch bar and bottles of waterGround worker Mr Lofus said Mr Brown's actions could have saved his life
Question:We want to congratulate _ for being such a hero.'
|
Cadbury Brunch
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task080_piqa_answer_generation
|
task080-c572981d348a44d2b9ad4c42d815abe0
|
In this task the focus is on physical knowledge about the world. Given the provided goal task in the input, describe a process that would lead to the asked outcome. This process often involves physical motions with objects, such as moving them, arranging them in a certain way, mixing them, shaking them, etc.
how do you use cream?
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get a small amount of it, and spread it all over your skin wherever you'd like to apply it until you can't see it anymore.
|
task405_narrativeqa_question_generation
|
task405-ea11fceb3ad44e1097784e14fb1c4de8
|
You will be given a summary of a story. You need to create a question that can be answered from the story. You can create a question about characters, events, facts and beliefs, etc. Your question should be specific, try not to use pronouns instead of full names. As the stories are sometimes movie plots, they will contain actor names in parentheses. You should not use those names. Only use character names. Try to ask a question about all parts of the plot, not just the beginning.
Oakland Athletics general manager Billy Beane is upset by his team's loss to the New York Yankees in the 2001 postseason. With the impending departure of star players Johnny Damon, Jason Giambi, and Jason Isringhausen to free agency, Beane needs to assemble a competitive team for 2002, but must overcome Oakland's limited payroll.
During a visit to the Cleveland Indians, Beane meets Peter Brand, a young Yale economics graduate with radical ideas about how to assess players' value. Beane tests Brand's theory by asking whether he would have drafted him (out of high school), Beane having been a Major League player before becoming general manager. Though scouts considered Beane a phenomenal prospect, his career in the Major Leagues was disappointing. After some prodding, Brand admits that he would not have drafted him until the ninth round and surmised that Beane would probably have accepted a scholarship to Stanford instead. Impressed, Beane hires the inexperienced Brand to be the Athletics assistant general manager.
Oakland team scouts are first dismissive and then hostile towards Brand's non-traditional sabermetric approach to scouting players. Most notably, Grady Fuson aggressively confronts Beane, causing him to be fired. Grady then takes to the radio airwaves and doubts the team's future. Rather than relying on the scouts' experience and intuition, Brand selects players based almost exclusively on their on-base percentage (OBP). Beane signs the ones Brand suggests, such as unorthodox submarine pitcher Chad Bradford, past-his-prime outfielder David Justice, and injured Scott Hatteberg. Beane also faces opposition from Art Howe, the Athletics' manager, who does not agree with the new philosophy. With tensions already high between the two due to a contract dispute, Howe disregards Beane's and Brand's strategy and plays a lineup he prefers.
Early in the season, the Athletics fare poorly, leading critics to dismiss the new method as a failure. Beane convinces the owner to stay the course. He trades away the lone traditional first baseman, Carlos Pe a, to force Howe to use Hatteberg at that position, threatening to make similar deals if Howe won't cooperate. The A's win 19 consecutive games, tying for the longest winning streak in American League history. Beane's young daughter implores him to go to a game against the Kansas City Royals, where Oakland is already leading 11 0 after the third inning and appears set to win a record-breaking 20th game in a row. Like many baseball players, Beane is superstitious and avoids games in progress, but upon hearing how well the game is going on the radio, he decides to go. Beane arrives in the fourth inning, only to watch the team falter and eventually allow the Royals to even the score at 11. Finally, the A's do win, on a walk-off home run by Hatteberg.
After celebrating that, however, the A's again lose in the postseason, this time to the Minnesota Twins. Beane is disappointed, believing nothing short of a championship should be considered a success. He is contacted by the owner of the Boston Red Sox, who realizes that the sabermetric model is the future of baseball. Beane declines an opportunity to be GM of the Red Sox, despite the $12.5 million salary, which would have made him the highest-paid general manager in sports history. He returns to Oakland, while an epilogue reveals that two years later, the Red Sox won the 2004 World Series, using the model pioneered by the Athletics.
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What team offers Beane a position to be a GM?
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task074_squad1.1_question_generation
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task074-307d5db85fcf45f89645ecfcea54da15
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This task is about reading the given passage and construct a question about the information present in the passage. Construct a question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) its answer is a continuous text span from the paragraph. Avoid creating questions that (i) can be answered correctly without actually understanding the paragraph and (ii) uses same words or phrases given in the passage.
In British English, the word 'asphalt' is used to refer to a mixture of mineral aggregate and asphalt/bitumen (also called tarmac in common parlance). When bitumen is mixed with clay it is usually called asphaltum. The earlier word 'asphaltum' is now archaic and not commonly used.[citation needed] In American English, 'asphalt' is equivalent to the British 'bitumen'. However, 'asphalt' is also commonly used as a shortened form of 'asphalt concrete' (therefore equivalent to the British 'asphalt' or 'tarmac'). In Australian English, bitumen is often used as the generic term for road surfaces. In Canadian English, the word bitumen is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil, while asphalt is used for the oil refinery product used to pave roads and manufacture roof shingles and various waterproofing products. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as dilbit in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as syncrude and syncrude blended with bitumen as synbit. Bitumen is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. Bituminous rock is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.
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What is the geological term for asphalt?
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task150_afs_argument_quality_gun_control
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task150-34fa2ac371a7418d9a0769e28929f69f
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We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gun Control) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gun control. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gun control.
Also, you must note that politicians own guns themselves, and have armed bodyguards.
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Valid
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task1712_poki_classification
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task1712-e66489f442254c82818e58afe1027011
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You are given a short poem which is written by a kid. Your task is to predict if the kid is in elementary school or high school. Anyone who is from grade 1st to 6th-grade will be considered as in elementary school, and 7th to 12th-grade kids will be considered as in high school. There are only two possible outputs, i.e., elementary and high. All inputs have at least one output and it cannot have both categories at a time.
tiger be sweet and soft also playful and cafe if you hug him and he my cat
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elementary
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