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arc_challenge_518
Helena investigates how enzymes are important to body processes. How is the role of enzymes in biochemical activity best explained?
[ "Enzymes work at all pH levels.", "Enzymes decrease the rate of metabolism.", "Enzymes enable reactions to occur at lower temperatures.", "Enzymes raise the activation energy needed for a reaction." ]
C. Enzymes enable reactions to occur at lower temperatures.
arc_challenge
aquarat_17161
If a man walks to his office at 5/4 of his usual rate, he reaches office 30 minutes early than usual. What is his usual time to reach office.
[ "2 hrs", "2 1⁄2 hrs", "1 hr 50 min", "2 hrs 15 min", "None of these" ]
B. 2 1⁄2 hrs
aquarat
mmlu_train_49212
A team of researchers from Oxford University has demonstrated a self-driving car that is different from such cars being tested by Audi, Ford, etc. It' s much cheaper because it's based on off-the-shelf technology and controlled by an ordinary iPad. Instead of using GPS to understand the location, the car learns routes when a person is driving, and then asks after it's got it down, if the driver would like the computer to take over. As time passes, it's becoming very clear that people believe computers would be better drivers than humans. This has been proven by extensive research that indicates that computers are able to react more quickly to driving conditions, make smarter decisions, don't take risks, and don't make mistakes in concentration. They don't drink either, of course, which means accidents due to drunk driving could be reduced dramatically if the computer could take over when someone needs to get home from the bar. And the team says drivers don't need their cars to know everything about every road, condition or possible danger. Instead, they just need to know how to get from one point to another, and to do a good job of it when asked. To that end, the researchers have added cameras, lasers, a central computer to process information and a regular iPad. In practice, the car would learn how to get to and from places that the driver frequents, such as their work place, the local pub or grocery store. Once it has it down, the computer asks the driver if they' d like a rest. If so, they simply tap the iPad, and the car takes over. It' s very simple and doesn't require nearly the same number of devices as those being tested by other car companies. The researchers say people might be able to get the total price of the system below a hundred dollars. And of course, the iPad can be lifted out and carried away for other purposes when not being used as a driver assistant. We can infer from the passage that the iPad _ .
[ "cannot be removed from cars when it's not used", "has replaced cameras, lasers and a central computer", "needs to be specially designed for a self-driving car", "acts as a tool for drivers to control their self-driving cars" ]
D. acts as a tool for drivers to control their self-driving cars
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_17777
Spending hours playing violent video games prevents teenagers from their moral growth, a study has found.It is thought that regular touch to violence and lack of contact with the outside world makes it harder for them to tell right from wrong.They also struggle to trust other people,and see the world from their viewpoints. Researchers from Brock University in Ontario found that those who spend more than three hours each day in front of the screen are particularly unlikely to have developed the ability to empathise . The Canadian researchers surveyed 109 boys and girls,aged 13 and 14,about whether they played video games,which games they liked,and how long they spent playing them.Their findings found that 88 percent of teens said they played games,and more than half admitted to playing games everyday.Violent games were among the most popular. The teenagers also filled in a questionnaire designed to measure their moral development.For example,they were asked how important it is to save the life of a friend. Previous studies have suggested that a person's moral judgement goes through four phases as they grow from children and enter adulthood.By the age of 13 or 14,scientists claim young people should be entering the third stage,and be able to empathise with others and take their viewpoints into account.The research found that this stage appeared to be delayed in teenagers who regularly played violent video games. It is also thought that teenagers who play games regularly did not spend enough time in the real world to learn to take other's thoughts into consideration.Researcher Mirjana Bajovic said:"The present results indicate that some teenagers;who spent three or more hours a day playing violent video games,are deprived of such opportnnities."Writing in the journal Educational Media International.the researchers added:"Touch to violence in video games may influence the development of moral reasoning because violence is not only presented as acceptable but is also justified and rewarded." They concluded that rather than trying to enforce an'unrealistic'ban on the games, parents and teachers should encourage teenagers to do charity work and take up after-school activities. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[ "Violent video games affect teenagers'moral development", "Vio1ent video games delay teenagers'physical growth", "Violent video games should be forbidden among teenagers", "Violent video games reduce teenagers'chance in the real world" ]
A. Violent video games affect teenagers'moral development
mmlu_train
arc_challenge_578
Ellie is growing a vegetable garden. In which season do the plants in Ellie's garden receive the most energy from the Sun for growing?
[ "fall", "spring", "summer", "winter" ]
C. summer
arc_challenge
arc_easy_2085
As the human population increases, more fossil fuels are being used. The burning of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases. How might humans reduce greenhouse gases?
[ "Buy cars that use gasoline.", "Build power plants that use coal.", "Use renewable resources to generate power.", "Use nonrenewable resources to generate power." ]
C. Use renewable resources to generate power.
arc_easy
mmlu_train_63248
As long as you have broadband service in your home, you can turn on your desktop computer and connect to the Internet. If you have a wireless router , a device that spreads the broadband connection to other devices, you can set up a Wi-Fi network, which enables your cellphones and tablets go online too. And when you are outdoors where is no Wi-Fi, such as in the park or at the beach, having 3G service allows you to stay connected. It seems that lots of us have Internet coverage everywhere we go. So why have mobile companies around the world lately been so enthusiastic about a new term, "4G"? First, you need to know that the letter :G" stands for "generation". Even if you have no idea what 4G is, at least you can figure out that it is a step up from 3G since it's the latest generation of mobile internet service. Unlike broadband, mobile Internet uses the same signal towers that provide voice service to your cellphone, which means wherever you can make phone calls with your cellphone you also have an Internet connection. But mobile connections have their _ : they don't carry as much information as broadband does, making opening websites and downloading music slower than they are on a Wi-Fi connection. This is why mobile connections have been constantly upgraded since the first generation was launched back in the 1980s. According to BBC, 4G is five to seven times faster than current 3G network speeds, almost as fast as home broadband. Because of this, 4G is widely suited for services like video downloading, mapping, online shopping and even video conferencing. To achieve the high speeds, network companies have to spend a lot of money on building new signal towers, which will eventually lead to a higher phone bill if you switch to 4G, and you will also have to get a new phone with 4G capacity. Mobile technology has constantly been improved to _ .
[ "replace broadband", "increase the network speed.", "download videos", "connect more cellphones" ]
B. increase the network speed.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_43698
Hearing plays an important part in our everyday life, but few of us take the steps we need to protect our hearing. It is easy to see how your hearing is _ in today's world. There are so many things to hear, and so many new instruments, like iPods and headphones, which can harm your hearing if used improperly. Keeping the volume to a reasonable level on an iPod or other portable listening instruments is one of the most important ways to protect your hearing. Another great way to keep your hearing protected is to avoid loud noises whenever possible. There are many loud noises from power tools to machinery, and it is important to avoid these noises as often as possible. When it is not possible to avoid them, keep your hearing protected by using earplugs . If you think your hearing may have already been damaged by modern technology, it is important to have your hearing tested by a physician. Only such a professional will be able to measure your level of hearing loss and help you find the best solution to your hearing problem. For those with hearing issues, the choices have never been greater. There are many excellent hearing aids on the market. Having a hearing aid can be a perfect choice for the young and the old alike, and many people who swore they would never wear a hearing aid find that they love the convenience and quality these instruments represent. Never let an unimportant thing like vanity get in the way of treating a hearing problem. These days there are hearing aids that are nearly invisible to the naked eye, including a number of models that fit completely inside the ear. If you believe you may be experiencing a problem with your hearing, it is important to have it checked out, and to take the right measures to protect your ears. In many cases, this treatment will be as simple as wearing earplugs. Taking care of your ears is of great importance. After all, you only get one set of ears. All the following factors may cause hearing problems EXCEPT _ .
[ "using iPods improperly", "listening to MP3 at full volume", "standing near machinery making a loud noise", "using earplugs when there are loud noises" ]
D. using earplugs when there are loud noises
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_93263
A jet plane is moving at a constant velocity on a flat surface. Which forces act against the forward motion of the plane?
[ "gravity and engine thrust", "engine thrust and friction", "friction and air resistance", "air resistance and gravity" ]
C. friction and air resistance
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_96045
What is an example of combining
[ "adding H2O to water", "pouring NaCl into salt", "adding carbon dioxide to CO2", "blending eggs into cake batter" ]
D. blending eggs into cake batter
mmlu_train
aquarat_5157
An athlete runs 200 meters race in 24sec. His speed is?
[ "20km/hr", "15km/hr", "30km/hr", "25km/hr", "40km/hr" ]
C. 30km/hr
aquarat
mmlu_train_95451
Rainbows need
[ "leprechauns and pots of gold", "rain and dark skies", "sun and some drizzle", "sun and clear skies" ]
C. sun and some drizzle
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_96302
In order to see water evaporate you could
[ "make pasta", "clean the windows", "drink water", "dry your hair" ]
A. make pasta
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_76127
Is there intelligent life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no" or "We don't know." But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers. They believe intelligent life exists somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings. Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. "This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life," say Shostak and Barnet. The second reason is size--the universe is huge. "Tools like the Hubble telescope have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies," says Shostak. "And our galaxy, the Milk Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth." In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets--the size of Mars or Earth in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life. Have beings from space already visited Earth? "Probably not," says Shostak. "It's a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio signs. In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other." Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?
[ "There were not any smaller planets.", "There were not any powerful telescopes.", "The astronomers were not interested in them.", "The Milk Way didn't exist at that time." ]
B. There were not any powerful telescopes.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_92765
Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body?
[ "tetanus", "cancer", "measles", "rabies" ]
B. cancer
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_95616
How many revolutions does the moon make around the Earth during spring?
[ "one", "six", "three", "twelve" ]
C. three
mmlu_train
aquarat_36503
A man walks at a rate of 10 mph. After every ten miles, he rests for 6 minutes. How much time does he take to walk 40 miles?
[ "258", "318", "322", "324", "330" ]
A. 258
aquarat
mmlu_train_94236
Which of these would best help a scientist discover a new planet?
[ "making a model of outer space", "asking questions to other scientists", "collecting information about planets", "looking at the night sky with a telescope" ]
D. looking at the night sky with a telescope
mmlu_train
arc_easy_476
A scientist plans to investigate the nervous system of sea slugs. What should the scientist do first?
[ "Develop a theory about sea slugs that can be tested.", "Go to the ocean to observe the behavior of sea slugs.", "Obtain several sea slugs and conduct experiments with them.", "Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs." ]
D. Review the research other scientists have done on sea slugs.
arc_easy
aquarat_34533
In a garden, 26 trees are planted at equal distances along a yard 300 metres long, one tree being at each end of the yard. What is the distance between two consecutive trees?
[ "10 metres", "20 metres", "14 metres", "12 metres", "13 metres" ]
D. 12 metres
aquarat
aquarat_43500
The ratio of the volumes of two cubes is 729 : 1000. What is the ratio of their total surface areas?
[ "1:12", "81:13", "46:51", "86:16", "56:13" ]
C. 46:51
aquarat
mmlu_train_96322
Fibrous tissue contracts to
[ "show for the ladies", "rest and repair itself", "get other muscles out of the way", "stretch out an arm" ]
D. stretch out an arm
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_31628
Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England, on January 8, 1942. At the age of 17, he entered University College, Oxford. He wanted to study mathematics, but took up the study of physics when math was unavailable. He received a Ph.D. in physics despite being diagnosed with Ameliotrophic Lateral Sclerosis while at Oxford in 1963. In 1985 he became ill with pneumonia , and since then has required 24-hour nursing. Dr. Hawking's determination, along with the help of his family and associates, has allowed him to continue to work. In 1970 he began studying black holes. His research led him to predict that black holes send out radiation in the X-ray to gamma-ray range of the spectrum . In the 1980s he returned to an earlier interest, the origins of the universe. He has co-authored many publications, such as 300 Years of Gravity and The Large Scale Structure of Space time. Dr. Hawking has also written books such as A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and other Essays, The Universe in a Nutshell and others. He continues to give lectures, despite having been unable to speak since 1985, with the aid of a speech synthesizer and a portable computer. He currently holds Isaac Newton's chair as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University in England. Hawking went to University College, Oxford, in order to _ .
[ "get a Ph.", "study mathematics", "study the universe and black holes", "seek help from the Lucasian Professor" ]
B. study mathematics
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_67506
Millions of stars are travelling about in space. A few form groups which travel together, but most of them travel alone. And they travel through a universe which is so large that one star seldom comes near to another. For the most important part each star makes its journey in complete loneliness, like a ship on an empty ocean. The ship will be well over a million miles from its nearest neighbour. From this it is easy to understand why a star seldom finds another anywhere near it. We believe, however, that some two thousand million years ago, another star wandering through space, happened to come near our sun just as the sun and the moon raised its tides on the earth, so this star must have raised tides on the surface of the sun. But they were very different from the small tides that are raised in our oceans; A large tidal wave must have travelled over the surface of the sun, at last forming a mountain so high that we cannot imagine it. As the cause of the disturbance came nearer, so the mountain rose higher and higher. And before the star began to move away again, its tidal pull had become so powerful that this mountain was torn to pieces and thrown off small parts of itself into space. These small pieces have been going round the sun ever since. They are the planets. Some two thousand years ago, the mountain on the sun was raised probably because _ .
[ "the star moved away from the sun", "another star happened to come near the sun", "the sun and the moon raised the tides on the earth", "a large tidal of wave travelled over the surface of the sun" ]
B. another star happened to come near the sun
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_68405
The moon looks bigger than the stars at night. But in fact, it is smaller than any other stars. The moon looks big to us, because it is closer to us than any stars. The moon goes around the earth. It makes one trip about four weeks. The moon is a round ball and looks beautiful. Now people know quite a lot about the moon. There is no air or water on the moon, so there are not any trees or animals, or people on it. The moon gets its light from the sun, but some places on the moon are quite dark. It's very hot on the moon during the day, but it's very cold at night. _ looks bigger than the stars at night.
[ "Moon", "Star", "Earth", "Sun" ]
A. Moon
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_78430
When US student Olivia Priedeman, 17, woke up one morning, she thought she had had a dream about making plans with a friend. But it wasn't a dream. Her phone showed that during the night, Priedeman had read a text message from her friend. She did it while she was fast asleep. Reading and sending text messages while asleep--called "sleep texting"--is an unusual sleep behaviour, similar to sleepwalking. It's also a growing concern among doctors: young people can't live without their cell phones. One in three teenagers sends more than 100 text messages a day, according to the Pew Internet & American Life Project. And at least four out of five teenagers said they sleep with their phone on or near their bed. Elizabeth Dowdell, a professor at Villanova University in Pennsylvania, has studied sleeping texting. She said that having a phone nearby all night is a big part of the problem. Andrew Stiehm, a sleep medicine expert with Allina Health in Minnesota, agrees. It's possible for the part of the brain that controls motor skills to wake up, while the part of the brain that controls memory and judgment may be still asleep. That's why some people can perform basic movements ---such as walking, talking, texting or even driving--while they're sleeping. Some of Dowdell's students said that they're disturbed by their nighttime texting behavior. But because sleep texting is _ , it's a difficult habit to break. Dowdell said she knows of some students who wear socks on their hands to keep themselves from texting. Marjorie Hogan, a doctor at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, suggests keeping all electronic devices outside the bedroom at certain times. Which part the brain controls keeps awake while asleep?
[ "judgment", "language", "memory", "motor skills" ]
D. motor skills
mmlu_train
m1_pref_184
In Ranked Retrieval, the result at position k is non-relevant and at k+1 is relevant. Which of the following is always true?Hint: P@k and R@k are the precision and recall of the result set consisting of the k top ranked documents.
[ "P@k-1>P@k+1", "P@k-1=P@k+1", "R@k-1<R@k+1", "R@k-1=R@k+1" ]
C. R@k-1<R@k+1
m1_pref
aquarat_53351
The function f is defined for all positive integers m by the following rule. f(m) is the number of positive integers each of which is less than m and has no positive factor in common with m other than 1. If p is any prime, number then f(p)=
[ "p-1", "p-2", "", "", "2" ]
A. p-1
aquarat
arc_easy_1398
What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day?
[ "decrease in weight", "increase in weight", "decrease in length", "increase in length" ]
D. increase in length
arc_easy
mmlu_train_53718
Last night's meteor shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild,Emerald Valley's mayor,people gathered in the suburbs of the city,carrying heavy telescopes,expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overheaD. "My family was so frustrated,"admitted town resident Duane Cosby."We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it turned out to be a huge disappointment." Astronomers--scientists who study stars and planets--have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etC. For example,outdoor lighting severely affects migrating birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Association."100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers." Countless more animal casualties result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly,people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings,but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans,too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide,and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them,so that other creatures can share the night. What do the astronomers complain about?
[ "Meteor showers occur less often than before.", "Their observation equipment is in poor repair.", "Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.", "Their eyesight is falling due to artificial lighting." ]
C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_51974
Most of us are used to seasons. Each year, spring follows winter, which follows autumn, which follows summer, which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer. But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago, the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot, with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods, which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods. A new study from Switzerland, sheds light on where ice sheets melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in either northern or southern regions. This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern. Scientists have long assumed that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere during the 30,000-year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up. The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact on ocean currents and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South. It is still a mystery as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt. The scientists are not sure _ .
[ "how long the ice age lasted", "where ice sheets melted during the ice age", "what caused the temperature changes", "what the earth is made up of" ]
C. what caused the temperature changes
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_92796
A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two
[ "atoms.", "cities.", "continents.", "stars." ]
A. atoms.
mmlu_train
arc_easy_786
An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces
[ "kinetic energy.", "physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "potential energy." ]
C. chemical changes.
arc_easy
aquarat_3152
Amithab's average expenditure for the January to June is Rs. 4200 and he spends Rs.1200 in January and Rs.1500 in july.The average expenditure for the months of febraury to July is
[ "Rs. 4250", "Rs. 4228", "Rs. 4128", "Rs. 4988", "Rs. 4192" ]
A. Rs. 4250
aquarat
aquarat_38307
Two men started from the same place walk at the rate of 10kmph and 12kmph respectively. What time will they take to be 40 km apart, if they walk in the same direction?
[ "5hours", "40hours", "8hours", "20hours", "30hours" ]
D. 20hours
aquarat
arc_easy_1644
A windstorm knocks down many trees in a national park. Timber companies want to get rid of the fallen trees. How would this most likely harm the park ecosystem?
[ "reduces the risk of fire", "decreases erosion problems", "increases the risk of drought", "removes available nutrients" ]
D. removes available nutrients
arc_easy
mmlu_train_34643
"Let's go down one more, push your enter key..." says a volunteer helping senior citizens work a web session on the Inter-net. David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elderly. He gets them wired to the Internet. " If you hit your enter key, it will bring up this particular e-mail..." Pauline Allen is one of those who has started using the Internet," I thought I was through with life, I was ready for a rocking chair, because I was 86 years old. And I haven't found the rocking chair yet. " " You found the keyboard?" asks the reporter. " That's right, I found the keyboard. " The average age of Lansdale's students is around 68. All are in nursing or assisted care homes. He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web. David Lansdale says," Here they are in California, the family was back in New York, the opportunity to connect, to cross the time and space, was incredibly precious (valuable) to them. " "I hear you are so beautiful. " Lillian Sherly writes an e-mail to a newborn great granddaughter. Working with one another, the senior learn as a group. They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized :loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and loss of memory. Mary Harvey says," Bingo just doesn't interest me. But this does, believe me, this does. " Ninety-four-year-old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor. She says," When I send a letter to my grandchildren, and great grandchildren, they hang it up in their offices, just like I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator. Ha, ha. " David Lansdale says," There's a collective benefit. There is an element of treatment. Remember we started as a support group. " Dixon Moorehouse says,"I just wish I was 15 years old and getting to learn all this. " The senior calls their weekly meetings Monday Night Live. And many say the meetings have given them new life. Ruth Hyman says," Three years ago, they told me I wasn't going to live. But I showed them, and got work, and I've worked ever since. The purpose of David Lansdale's work is to _ .
[ "keep the health of the mind of the senior", "popularize the use of computers among the old", "organize the senior as a group to work", "help the senior connect with their families" ]
A. keep the health of the mind of the senior
mmlu_train
aquarat_9004
Albert invested an amount of Rs. 8000 in a fixed deposit scheme for 2 years at compound interest rate 5 p.c.p.a. How much amount will Albert get on maturity of the fixed deposit?
[ "Rs. 8600", "Rs. 8620", "Rs. 8820", "Rs. 9820", "None of these" ]
C. Rs. 8820
aquarat
arc_easy_1693
When an octopus feels threatened, it can release black ink into the water. The ink MOST likely helps the octopus
[ "move quickly through the water.", "breathe oxygen from the water.", "hide from predators.", "use food faster." ]
C. hide from predators.
arc_easy
mmlu_train_11778
The vast jungles of the Amazon rainforest are home to tribes mostly isolated from the outside world, whose way of life, largely unchanged for hundreds of years, is now increasingly threatened by modern civilization. Now, scientists discover they can monitor these "uncontacted tribes" using satellites, which would allow inexpensive and safe tracking of these tribes in order to protect them from outside threats. In order to help preserve these uncontacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates of their populations. One way to collect this data involves flying over their villages, but such over-flights are both expensive and could fill these native peoples with fear. Another strategy involves meeting individuals on the ground, but among other risks, scientists could accidentally spread disease to members of the tribes. Instead, scientists investigated whether satellite images could monitor uncontacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They confirmed their locations and measured the sizes of their village, houses and gardens. "We can find isolated villages with remote sensing and study them over time." Walker told Live Science. "We can ask: Are they growing? Do they move?" Surprisingly, based on the sizes of the houses and villages, the scientists find the population densities of these isolated villages are about 10 times greater, on average, than other villages of native Brazilian peoples. This may be due to the fact that they have to live closer together because they are not as good at clearing the forest, since they lack modern devices like chainsaws and tractors, the researchers said. The tribes may also be afraid of spreading out due to fear of being attacked by outsiders, Walker said. The researchers now plan to focus on 29 more isolated villages to "look at their ecology-- that is, distance from rivers and roads--and use this to model where else we can find more isolated villages," Walker said. Scientists don't want to meet the Indians on the ground due to the fear that _ .
[ "they can't get accurate data", "they could pass disease to the Indians", "they will be attacked by the Indians", "they will catch disease from the Indians" ]
B. they could pass disease to the Indians
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_96251
Sharks live in a liquid deluged with sodium chloride because it allows them to
[ "form sharknadoes", "have increased buoyancy", "eat people", "star in films" ]
B. have increased buoyancy
mmlu_train
aquarat_52653
Set #1 = {J, K, L, M, E} Set #2 = {K, L, M, N, O, P} There are these two sets of letters, and you are going to pick exactly one letter from each set. What is the probability of picking at least one vowel?
[ "1/6", "1/8", "1/3", "1/4", "1/9" ]
C. 1/3
aquarat
aquarat_33308
18 times a positive integer is more than its square by 80, then the positive integer is
[ "13", "10", "11", "12", "14" ]
B. 10
aquarat
aquarat_23384
A box contains 9 pairs of shoes (18 shoes in total). If two shoes are selected at random, what it is the probability that they are matching shoes?
[ "1/190", "1/17", "1/19", "1/10", "1/9" ]
B. 1/17
aquarat
arc_easy_1864
Which animals live part of their lives in water and part on land, and go through metamorphosis?
[ "reptiles", "amphibians", "birds", "mammals" ]
B. amphibians
arc_easy
arc_easy_1136
Which of the following animals goes through metamorphosis?
[ "alligator", "frog", "lizard", "turtle" ]
B. frog
arc_easy
mmlu_train_36729
Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recentWall Street journalarticle, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so. We'll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapid. It's only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should even learn a second language. It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating "No es bueno dormir mucho" as "It's not good to sleep too much. " Replacing a word with its equivalent in the target language is actually the "easy part of a translator's job". But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers. It's so difficult for computers because translation doesn't-or shouldn't-involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it's about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place. What is the best title for the text?
[ "An Expert's Precise Prediction", "The Complexity of Translation", "Who Will Be a Better Translator", "Will Language Barrier Actually Fall" ]
D. Will Language Barrier Actually Fall
mmlu_train
aquarat_10436
Three 6 faced dice are thrown together. The probability that no two dice show the same number on them is ?
[ "5/5", "5/9", "5/3", "5/8", "5/1" ]
B. 5/9
aquarat
mmlu_train_52476
Many people have never heard of Mesothelioma and are unaware of its symptoms. Although considered a rare form of cancer, each year the number of cases grows. With the prevalence of this disease on the rise, it is critical to understand why and how Mesothelioma develops and what courses of action can be taken in the event of diagnosis. The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers that will provide you with some information on Mesothelioma, and the legal issues surrounding it. What is Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor found in the mesothelial cells of an organ. The organs where this form of cancer is most commonly found are the lungs, heart and abdominal organs. Pleural Mesothelioma is cancer of the lung lining(,)and is the most common form of Mesothelioma. What causes Mesothelioma? Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos . Asbestos is often found in building materials used before the mid 1970's. In addition, materials such as pipes, boiler insulation, floor, ceiling and roof tiles may contain asbestos. How much asbestos exposure will cause Mesothelioma? Generally, the probability of developing this form of cancer is in accordance with the length of time you are exposed to asbestos. Also, your health is at risk if your exposure to asbestos is intense. It should be noted that Mesothelioma has a latency period of 20 to 50 years. This means that you may develop the disease long after your exposure to asbestos. On average, people tend to develop Mesothelioma somewhere between 35 and 40 years after exposure. How quickly does Mesothelioma progress? The onset of Mesothelioma is quite slow. Patients will begin to experience symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain. These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss, fever and difficulty breathing. Unfortunately, once Mesothelioma develops, it quickly becomes aggressive and treatment must be sought immediately. Can Mesothelioma be treated? Doctors are able to use several traditional methods of cancer treatment for Mesothelioma, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Like all forms of cancer, detecting the disease at the earliest stage possible greatly increases the patient's chances for survival. If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos, be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately. What legal courses of action can be taken? Anyone suffering from Mesothelioma is entitled to compensation from asbestos manufacturers. Additionally, if you are the spouse or child of someone who has died from Mesothelioma, you are entitled to file a claim and seek compensation. The following are the symptoms of Mesothelioma EXCEPT _ .
[ "frequent headache", "lower back pain", "chest pain", "difficult breathing" ]
A. frequent headache
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_88148
Penguins are lovely animals. Most people like them. But now as many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins are in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins has decreased by ( ) 30% since 1987. Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in the Antarctic Continent ,New Zealand, Australia and South America. Many live near cold waters . But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly, but they are fine swimmers. The shape of their body helps them to survive. Penguins eat fish and krill . They have short wings that help them to dive up to 900 feet to catch larger fish. They can swim 10-15 kilometers an hour which lets them protect themselves. They also have lots of body oil that helps in keeping them dry in the water. The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The hotter and hotter air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperature has decreased the fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable toreproduce. And many adult penguins die of hunger. Too much fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous things in ocean waters are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies, including sharks, seals and sea lions. What's the passage mainly about?
[ "Fish and krill have decreased.", "Ocean waters are polluted.", "Sharks and seals are the enemies of penguins.", "The decrease in the number of penguins." ]
D. The decrease in the number of penguins.
mmlu_train
m1_pref_234
ASLR needs support from:
[ "the OS kernel, loader, and compiler", "the loader, compiler, and programming language", "the compiler, the hardware, and the programming language", "the programming language, the loader, and the OS kernel", "the hardware, the compiler, and the loader", "the easter bunny" ]
A. the OS kernel, loader, and compiler
m1_pref
mmlu_train_68445
It is easy for us to tell who our family members are, but do plants recognize their own family? Some do, scientists say, according to a report by Science News in early 2010. Guillermo P. Murphy and Susan Dudley are two plant scientists from McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. They did a few experiments with Jewelweeds, a kind of flower that grows in wet, shady spots. They found that the flowers seem to know their own flower family. In their experiments, Murphy and Dudley planted jewelweeds in pots with either _ or strangers. When jewelweeds were planted in pots with strangers, the plants started to grow more leaves than if they had been planted alone. This response suggests that plants are competing with strangers for sunlight, since a plant with more leaves can receive more light and make more food. Jewelweeds usually grow in the shade, where sunlight is not enough. When jewelweed seedlings were planted with siblings, they grew a few more branches than they usually would if they were alone - but they did not start growing lots of extra leaves. This behavior suggests the plants are more likely to share resources, rather than compete. According to the Science News report, Jewelweeds are not the first plants that plant scientists have studied for family recognition. In 2007, Dudley and her team studied the Great Lakes sea rocket, a plant that grows on the beach - where it may be hard to get fresh water. In that experiment, the scientists found that when sea rockets were planted with siblings, they tolerated each other. But when they were planted with strangers, the sea rockets reacted by working extra hard to grow lots of roots. Dudley says this just because sea rockets, on the beach, get plenty of sun but struggle for water - so when they're threatened, they compete for water. Jewelweeds have plenty of water but have to compete for sunshine, so they grow more leaves. In the text, the writer mentioned the experiments of Jewelweeds to _ .
[ "make a comparison", "introduce a topic", "describe a pretty flower", "build a new theory" ]
B. introduce a topic
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_96071
An indian hawthorn that has received more water will usually be
[ "taller", "older", "less healthy", "colder" ]
A. taller
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_98192
A way in which seeds are frequently spread is
[ "pigs rolling in mud", "floors being swept clean", "people eating deli ham", "voles consuming oak pips" ]
D. voles consuming oak pips
mmlu_train
arc_challenge_719
A chicken is able to gain energy that came from the Sun by
[ "eating seeds.", "drinking water.", "laying eggs.", "breathing oxygen." ]
A. eating seeds.
arc_challenge
mmlu_train_99084
thermal energy insulators are often good electrical insulators like:
[ "metallic rocks on the ground", "fan on the ceiling", "the rubber sandwiched between two iron slabs", "metal knives for sale" ]
C. the rubber sandwiched between two iron slabs
mmlu_train
aquarat_20526
Village X has a population of 68000, which is decreasing at the rate of 1200 per year. Village Y has a population of 42000, which is increasing at the rate of 800 per year .in how many years will the population of the two villages be equal?
[ "13", "15", "16", "12", "11" ]
A. 13
aquarat
arc_challenge_931
Which mass is undergoing the greatest amount of acceleration?
[ "1 kg subjected to a force of 1 N", "1 kg subjected to a force of 100 N", "100 kg subjected to a force of 1 N", "100 kg subjected to a force of 100 N" ]
B. 1 kg subjected to a force of 100 N
arc_challenge
mmlu_train_66704
Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots. Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants . Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet(UV) light. Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals. Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body's built-in defences can only go so far without extra help. The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It's like sunscreen for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else. Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain's function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently. Don't just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn't the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust , or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food. Which of the following can not cause free radicals to form?
[ "Colorful food", "UV light from the sun", "Polluted air", "The body itself" ]
A. Colorful food
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_71348
Can plants eat people? Probably not,but there are many plants that eat meat.Some of them are big.And they can eat small animals.One famous meat-eating plant is the Venus flytrap . The Venus flytrap is a very strange plant.It grows in dry parts of the United States.Its leaves are like the pages of a book.They can open and close very quickly.Inside the leaves,there are three small hairs.If a fly touches one of the hairs,the leaf closes quickly.The fly cannot get out.In about half an hour,the leaf _ the fly until it is dead.Then,the plant covers the fly.Slowly,the plant eats the fly. Why do plants do it? Most plants get what they need from the sun,the air,and the ground.In some places,the ground is very poor.It doesn't have all these important things, especially nitrogen .Animal meat has a lot of nitrogen, so some plants eat meat to get what they need.Let's hope that some of the bigger plants don't get the same idea ! --Why do some plants eat animal meat? --Because _ .
[ "plants are dangerous to animals", "animals are dangerous to plants", "plants want to get what they need from animal me", "plants want to protect themselves against animals" ]
C. plants want to get what they need from animal me
mmlu_train
aquarat_11910
The sum of digits of a two digit number is 10,The difference between the digits is 6. Find the number
[ "85", "94", "82", "72", "None" ]
C. 82
aquarat
mmlu_train_36313
Eleven top universities are joining the Open University to launch free Internet courses. King's College London, along with the Universities of Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, East Anglia, Exeter, Lancaster, Leeds, Southampton, St Andrews and Warwick, has partnered with FutureLearn, a company set up by the Open University that will offer free and non-credit bearing courses to Internet-users around the world. The courses are modeled on the US phenomenon "Massive open online courses" ( Moocs ), which have attracted millions of users around the world and are especially popular in emerging economies. FutureLearn will improve UK institutions for international students, said Prof Martin Bean, voice-chancellor of the Open University. "At the moment, foreign students' _ of UK Universities is: wonderful history, great tradition, really good teaching, but a bit boring." Leeds University says the partnership will benefit students studying on campus. "Students will have access to a rich set of resources from both Leeds and our partners. They can also broaden their education beyond their main subject areas." The UK higher education industry stands among the top five export earners for Britain Moocs have grown rapidly in the US over the past year, with two providers leading the field. Coursera offers courses from 33 Universities, including Princeton, Brown, Columbia and Duke, and has reached more than 1.7 million users, EdX, a nonprofit start-up from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology courses this autumn. Simon Nelson, one of the key architects of BBC Online, will head FutureLearn as launch CEO. "It's really meaningful for these universities to come together -we'll punch much harder collectively than any other university will individually," he said. Partner Institutions will be responsible for their own content while the OU, which has been providing distance-learning courses since 1971, will assist with course delivery and infrastructure. Details of further universities will be revealed next year, as will the courses on offer. What is implied in Simon's words?
[ "It's really meaningful for these universities to cooperate.", "Single university can't do the work very well.", "These universities will compete with each other.", "Joint efforts by these top universities will help the program go more smoothly." ]
D. Joint efforts by these top universities will help the program go more smoothly.
mmlu_train
arc_easy_14
A population of small, plant-eating beetles lives in a forest. About half of the beetles are light brown and the others are dark green. If years of drought cause the area to become dry with few trees, what would the beetle population most likely look like after several generations?
[ "It would be mostly light brown beetles.", "It would be mostly dark green beetles.", "It would be mostly carnivorous beetles.", "It would be mostly very large beetles." ]
A. It would be mostly light brown beetles.
arc_easy
mmlu_train_1329
Nature's Bug Zappers Bats Just the word makes some people cringe. However, bats are probably the most misunderstood animals. Despite what movies, television and literature would have you believe, bats don't terrorize the night. Bats are incredibly important not only to our natural world but to our economy. As primary predators of night-flying insects, bats help to control many of our most annoying pests. A single little brown bat can catch 1,200 mosquito-sized insects in an hour. Big brown bats consume costly crop pests including cucumber beetles, June beetles, leafhoppers, cutworm moths and corn ear worm moths. Bats are not blind. Those that do hunt in the dark have developed a system to help detect objects. These bats produce sounds at high frequencies. By listening to the echoes of these sounds, bats are able to discern objects. This is known as echolocation. Using the reflected sounds, they form pictures in their brains just like we do by interpreting reflected light with our eyes. What's Happening to Bats? Disturbance by people is a major cause of decline in many bat populations. They are also threatened by loss of feeding or roosting habitat, usually wooded areas near water sources. Disturbing a maternity colony can cause mothers to drop their young or move them to a less suitable site. Disturbance during hibernation wakes bats, causing them to burn the precious fat reserves they have stored for the winter. Even responsible cave explorers can inadvertently disturb bats at critical times of the year. As traditional roosts in trees and caves have been destroyed, many bats seek shelter in man-made structures. Scientists have studied the roosting requirements of bats in order to provide artificial homes. Some bats use these bat houses quite successfully. Which type of organism would most likely compete with bats for food?
[ "birds that consume seeds", "insects that consume leaves", "mosquitoes that consume blood", "amphibians that consume insects" ]
D. amphibians that consume insects
mmlu_train
arc_challenge_203
John was using his mp3 player when it suddenly stopped working. What is the first thing John should do to try correcting the problem?
[ "recharge the battery", "take the player apart", "replace the player with a new one", "change to a different song" ]
A. recharge the battery
arc_challenge
mmlu_train_73270
Medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to take a nap--that is to rest for a short time in the middle of the day. They give people advice to sleep lightly before continuing with other activities.The experts say naps might improve health by reducing pressure . Some western companies have supported the idea of napping for many years. They ask people to leave work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest simply in their offices. They believe this can help workers make fewer mistakes and also increase the amount of work that a person can do. Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important tasks when they feel sleepy. And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is all you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effects until the end of the day. But experts said that a nap should last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be difficult. This passage is probably taken from _ .
[ "a story book", "a poster", "a film review", "a medical magazine" ]
D. a medical magazine
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_27262
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. Their study found that theobromine , found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. "While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem," said Professor Peter Barnes. Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs. The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo. The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity , which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _ .
[ "were patients with bad coughs", "were divided into the three groups", "received standard treatments", "suffered little side effects" ]
B. were divided into the three groups
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_92887
The cell cycle describes the processes that take place as a cell
[ "absorbs nutrients.", "makes proteins.", "repairs old cells.", "forms new cells." ]
D. forms new cells.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_74956
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying. Do you know it before? It says that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we should be healthy. We should also be rich (wealthy) and clever (wise). This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of a young age should have ten hours' sleep every night. Children who don't have enough sleep can't do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may not become wealthy! The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also keeps the blood moving around inside the body. This is very important. Our blood takes food to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better! A person needs exercise because _ .
[ "it makes him healthy", "he has a lot of homework to do", "it doesn't need time", "it is fun to do exercise" ]
A. it makes him healthy
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_98043
Hitting a spider web with your hand makes it impossible for a spider to
[ "play music", "eat", "fly", "watch TV" ]
B. eat
mmlu_train
arc_easy_1088
When a balloon is filled with air and suddenly released, it will fly around the room as the air escapes. If compared to space transportation, the escaping air is most similar to what subsystem of a spacecraft?
[ "guidance", "propulsion", "support", "suspension" ]
B. propulsion
arc_easy
mmlu_train_19629
There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger. In one study,researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people.The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders. Some people slept less than five hours a night.They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin.Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry;leptin makes you feel full. The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies.They note the combination that limitation is common and is widely available. The results were not affected by how much people exercised.People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy.But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods,so people gain weight.It seems that,for survival,the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep. Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study.They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night. The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine.Internet users can read the full study,free of charge,at plos.org. The writer wrote this passage to _ .
[ "make a news report", "offer a piece of medical advice", "make an advertisement", "keep a record of the research findings" ]
A. make a news report
mmlu_train
aquarat_10300
If n is a prime number greater than 5, what is the remainder when n^2 is divided by 12?
[ "0", "1", "2", "3", "5" ]
B. 1
aquarat
mmlu_train_58848
In 1966,Allen and Beatrice Garden, two professors at the University of Nevada in Reno, had a bright idea.They were interested in the evolution of language and the language abilities of great apes . Previous attempts to teach chimpanzees to talk had ended in failure and the matter was considered by most people to be closed. But the Gardens realized that speech and the language are not the same thing. Many deaf people, for example, are unable to speak but are perfectly able to communicate by gestures that have all the features of spoken language. The Garders suspected that previous experiments had failed because chimpanzees are physically unable to speak. They therefore decided to try teaching a chimpanzee to sign in the way that deaf people do. And their chosen _ , a female chimpanzee named Washoe after the country in which the university is, proved to be a skillful pupil. Though there is still debate about whether what Washoe learned was really equal to human language, there is no doubt that she learned a lot of words. All of this, however, raises a second question. If Washoe can learn a complex vocabulary of gestures from people, do they have such vocabularies naturally ? To examine that possibility, Amy Pollick and Frans de Waal of Emory University have looked at gestures and expressions in chimpanzees, Signaling by facial and oral expressions is common among primates . Signaling by gestures is limited to great apes. The researchers supposed that the meaning of expressions has been fixed by evolution while the meaning of gestures is learnt. If that were true, particular sorts of facial and oral expressions would occur only in particular circumstances, and this would be the same across groups and even species. The same gestures, on the contrary, would be used in different circumstances. The researchers found exactly what they expected. Expressions almost always occurred in the same circumstances in different groups and different species. Gestures seemed to have completely different meanings. Moreover, even within a single group,the meaning of a gesture could vary with circumstances. It's also worth remembering that gesture is still an essential part of human language, even for those with normal hearing. The old joke that the way to make an Italian speechless is to tie his hands together has much truth in it. Evolution does not come up with complex structures in a single leap. They are built up step by step. This study suggests that the step of speech may have been built on mental features that were acquired millions of years ago when the ancestors of apes and men began to wave meaningfully at each other. According to Pollick and Waal gestures are different from facial and oral expressions in that _ .
[ "the meaning of facial and oral expressions can vary with circumstances.", "particular gestures occur only in particular circumstances.", "facial and oral gestures are not born but learnt.", "gestures are limited to a certain type of primates." ]
D. gestures are limited to a certain type of primates.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_37261
Batteries are included, but the charger's not. The Nokia E-Cu concept phone doesn't need to plug in, it charges from any heat source. Designer Patrick Hyland says it can even work off the warmth of your pocket. The first time "it would take approximately seven hours to reach full charge, then after that it's continuously charging by keeping the phone in areas between 86 degrees and 104 degrees Fahrenheit." That's one hot pocket.? He's put a thermogenerator inside the phone that transforms heat into electric potential energy. To better conduct the heat to that little power plant in your pocket, the E-Cu (E for energy, Cu for copper) is coated by copper backing with heat sinks like those normally used to keep electronics from overheating. Nokia doesn't have current plans to build the phone, so for now it remains a concept. But Hyland says he's open to anyone who wants to cooperate. For Americans this technology would certainly be convenient. It would also save a bit on energy bills and waste. "Annually, unwanted phone chargers produce 51,000 tons of waste in addition to the greenhouse gases created by the production of the electricity needed to charge them," Hyland says. So a charger-free phone is also a green phone. Though adapting our plug in habits would help a group of people, most cell phone related energy use comes from leaving your charger plugged in all day unnecessarily. The real potential for charger-free cell phone technology is what it could enable places where plugging in isn't an option, like rural areas in the developing world. Cell phones are spreading faster than power lines and bringing with them countless opportunities, aid and health advances. A phone like the E-Cu, if it ever comes to be, would enable all manner of expanded aid and development by phone projects. Let's hope Patrick finds a partner. What do we know about the E-cu phone?
[ "It doesn't have a battery or a charger.", "It is properly marketed and sells well.", "It's continuously charging from any area.", "It has a highly conductive copper cover." ]
D. It has a highly conductive copper cover.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_35734
Beijing's broadened ban on smoking in public places took effect Thursday, adding force to the effort to hold a smoke-free Olympics. The new rules extend existing anti-smoking regulations to more places, including fitness centers, cultural relic sites, offices, meeting rooms, dining halls, toilets and lifts. Restaurants, Internet cafes, parks, and waiting halls at airports, railway stations and coach stations are required to set up smoking areas. Hotels will have to offer smoke-free rooms or floors, but the regulations do not specify a proportion. However, some restaurant owners have complained that it would be difficult to have a separate smoking room as required by the new regulations. "We plan to issue specific rules to solve this problem as soon as possible," Rao Yingsheng, vice-director of the Beijing Committee for Patriotic Public Health Campaign, was quoted by the Beijing News as saying Thursday. He said small restaurants without a separate room should set aside at least 70 percent of their area for non-smokers. He also said customers and restaurant owners would be asked for their thoughts on the new rule. Local authorities dispatched about 100,000 inspectors to make sure the ban was being enforced Thursday. Everyone has the right to dissuade people from smoking in public places, Liu Zejun, who works for the Beijing committee, said. "Citizens are encouraged to expose those who refuse to obey the rule by calling the free telephone line 12320," Liu said. People caught smoking in forbidden areas will be fined 10 yuan ($1.40), while enterprises and institutions that violate the ban will face fines of between 1,000 yuan and 5,000 yuan. Smoking was forbidden in hospitals, kindergartens, schools, museums, sports venues and other places before the new regulations took effect. From Oct 1 last year, the city also banned smoking in its 66,000 cabs, and imposed fines of 100 yuan to 200 yuan on drivers caught smoking in taxis. China has pledged a cigarette-free, green Olympics. This year's event will be the first non-smoking Olympic Games since the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), of which China is a signatory , went into effect in 2005. The passage mainly tells us _ .
[ "There will be more places where smoking is forbidden.", "More people should give up smoking.", "Broadened ban on smoking in public places took effect in order to set up a non-smoking Olympic Games.", "Those who smoke at public places will be fined." ]
C. Broadened ban on smoking in public places took effect in order to set up a non-smoking Olympic Games.
mmlu_train
aquarat_38210
A person traveled 3 equal distances 4km/hr, 5km/hr, 6km/hr then find its avg speed?
[ "5.2km/hr", "3.18km/hr", "4.86km/hr", "2.16km/hr", "6.32km/hr" ]
C. 4.86km/hr
aquarat
mmlu_train_38583
Nowadays, there is a heated debate on whether pollutants should be cleaned in the air. Cleaning up the air, while good for our lungs, could make global warming worse. And the pollutants still go up around the air, along with carbon dioxide. These pollutants are called aerosols and they include soot as well as mixtures of nitrogen and sulfur and other stuff into the air. Natalie Mahowald, a climate researcher at Cornell University, says so far, scientists have mostly tried to understand what those aerosols do while they're actually in the air. "There are so many different kinds of aerosols," she says. "Some warm and some cool. But in fact, humans are giving out a lot of extra aerosols, and they tend to cool for the most part." The aerosols reflect sunlight back into space, or keep us cool. But it turns out that's not all they do. These aerosols also influence how much carbon dioxide gets drawn out of the air by plants on land and in the sea. "They can add nutrients, for example, to the oceans or to the land," Mahowald says. "But also while they're in the atmosphere they can change the climate, and thus that also can influence the amount of carbon, the land or the ocean can take up. So there are quite a few different ways that aerosols can act on each other." Mahowald's results suggest that reducing those pollutants could be an even bigger problem than realized, when you consider that aerosols help remove carbon dioxide from the air by encouraging plant growth. Hard numbers on this effect are highly uncertain at the moment, but this could turn out to be quite significant. And studying it is not easy because the effects aren't well understood. For example, nitrogen can be a fertilizer , but it can stop plant growing when nitrogen comes out of the air in acid form. Right now it seems like we're much more likely to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. So scientists, unfortunately, may have a chance to see whether this experiment on our planet should continue or not. Why is it important for scientists to get accurate numbers according to the passage?
[ "Scientists have a chance to research them.", "They can bring scientists much more benefit.", "Scientists can protect the earth from being polluted", "They can help scientists understand the effects better." ]
D. They can help scientists understand the effects better.
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_43319
Dogs wag their tails in different directions depending on whether they are excited and wanting to move forward or threatened and thinking of moving back, a study has found. Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behaviour of 30 dogs, catching their responses to a range of stimuli with video cameras. To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years. The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Bari University. The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli. They were tested one at a time. The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners--a positive experience--their tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag, although with less again. The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog, similar to a German shepherd, changed the direction of tail wagging to the left. Researchers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back. When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left, suggesting they preferred company. While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that were required to approach. The purpose of doing the experiment is _ .
[ "to train dogs for their owners", "to help people judge the mood of dogs", "to help dogs find company", "to help people choose their pet dogs" ]
B. to help people judge the mood of dogs
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_52673
It is now February 7, 2035. The search engine TalkTalk will be open to the public next week and this service will soon be something beyond your imagination. For the first time you can not only talk to the search engine, but you can discuss with it what you are looking for. For example, if you want to know more about the oil price, TalkTalk asks if you want to know the current oil price, the development of the oil price, or news related to the oil price. You say that you want to read news about it and TalkTalk then directs you to your source, or lets you have the latest news related to the oil price in order from the most respectable sources. Compared with other search services that use a certain algorithm to provide data from a search, the artificial intelligence behind TalkTalk is said to easily spot if a certain source is aiming to cheat the searcher. TalkTalk also judges and stores every given reply and discussion, to learn how to give correct answers. TalkTalk is also set to answer questions directly where there is a definite answer. How well this will work in the long run is yet to be seen, but thousands of people have tested TalkTalk and the quality is really good. The first talking search engine saw the light of day more than 30 years ago and was called Speegle. It could read the results from a written search on the Internet, and was mostly for blind people. So far, TalkTalk cannot read the information from a certain source to you by phone, if it is not freely available. There are currently talks to find an arrangement for this, but it would most likely be difficult because of copyright . TalkTalk is available over the Internet and also by phone, even though it only speaks English. There are no plans to add other languages in the near future, most likely because it will cost a lot of money. When you are tired of asking TalkTalk all your questions, just ask, "Where is TalkTalk?" and you will get an answer that will make you leave it with a smile on your lips. The advantage of TalkTalk is that it can _ .
[ "be available wherever you go", "tell if a certain source is reliable", "read the search results for you", "offer different kinds of search results" ]
B. tell if a certain source is reliable
mmlu_train
aquarat_40160
A certain culture of bacteria quadruples every hour. If a container with these bacteria was half full at 11:00 a.m., at what time was it one-eighth full?
[ "10:00 a.m.", "7:00 a.m.", "6:00 a.m.", "4:00 a.m.", "2:00 a.m." ]
A. 10:00 a.m.
aquarat
mmlu_train_2353
A student leaves a bucket of water outside on a warm, sunny day. Which process most likely happens to the water in the bucket?
[ "melting", "freezing", "evaporation", "condensation" ]
C. evaporation
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_25631
There are plenty of creams etc on the market that help you look younger, but today, Dr Oz is going to show how some people are actually living longer. "We are going to talk about extreme life extension," he says. "I am talking in details about allowing us to go into our second century of life with the energy that you have when you are a young person." Owing to advances in technology and research on how diet affect the aging process, Dr Oz says it might be possible for some people to live to see their 120th birthdays. There's one man in Oprah's audience who Dr Oz says may become the first man in history to live to be 150 years old. Joe Cordell is one of thousands around the world who believe they've found the key to an extreme long life --- calorie restriction leads to a longer, healthier life. At 59 Joe weighs 130 pounds. He may not look like a person who needs to count calories, but as part of his life extension program, he inspects every mouth of food that passes through his system. Every day for the past seven years, Joe has limited himself to about 1,950 calories. He believes that by eating less and restricting his caloric intake, he will _ a genetic switch that slows the aging process. Joe doesn't take away himself of food. Instead, the then 52-year-old father filled up on natural fruits, vegetables and lean proteins that were packed with necessary vitamins and nutrients. "Whenever you are thinking about calorie restriction, you should continually think about getting the most nutritional amount per calorie," Joe says. In keeping with this principle, Joe starts every morning with three apples...but he only eats the peels. "Most of the fiber is in the peel, and more importantly, most of the nutrients are in the peel," he says. "It is important to eat some nuts with breakfast so that you do take in some fat, some healthy fats," he says. "I think it helps the absorption of the nutrients, and it is very filling." For lunch, Joe usually eats a large salad, loaded with vegetables. At dinnertime, he and his family enjoy lean meat or fish and more vegetables. When Joe started practicing calorie restriction, he weighed 175 pounds. Since then, he has lost 45 pounds, and he says he hasn't had a cold in seven years. Though he is in his "golden years", researchers studying Joe say he has the body of a 20-year-old athlete. What can we learn about Joe since he started the calorie restriction program?
[ "Joe counts the amount of every meal", "Joe has never had a cold", "Joe eats three apples every morning", "Joe has a large salad with vegetables for dinner" ]
B. Joe has never had a cold
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_41249
A small group of people around the world have started implanting microchips to link the body and the computer. Mr. Donelson and three friends, who had driven 100 miles from their homes in Loockport, New York, to have the implants put in by Dr. Jesse Villemaire, whom they had persuaded to do the work, are part of a small group, about 30 people around the world, who have independently put in microchips into their bodies, according to Web-based reports. At a shop William Donelson was having a four-millimeter-wide needle put into his left hand. "I'm set,"he said with a deep breath. He watched as the needle pierced the fleshy webbing between his thumb and a microchip was set under his skin. At last he would be able to do what he had long imagined: strengthen his body's powers through technology. By putting the chip inside--a radio frequency identification device (RFID)--Mr. Donelson would have at his fingertips the same magic that makes safety gates open with a knock of a card, and bridge and tunnel traffic flow smoothly with an E-Zpass. With a wave of his hand he plans to connect with his computer, open doors and unlock his car. Implanting the chip was relatively simple task but very meaningful to Mr. Doneselson, a 21-year-old computer networking student so interested in the link between technology and the body that he has data-input jacks inside his body. _ might lead to an imagined future when people can be connected directly into computers. His new chip is enclosed in a glass container no bigger than a piece of rice and has a small memory where he has stored the words "Technology". Some doctors have done the piercing in people's homes, and others have implanted chips in their offices after patients signed forms showing the fact that long-term studies have not been done on their safety. Piercers treat the implants much like any other medical operation steps, instructing people to keep the site dry, and advising them that swelling and redness should last a week. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
[ "High Tech, Under the Skin", "A Needle, So Magic", "Donelson, a Powerful Man", "Data-input Jacks, Inside the Body" ]
A. High Tech, Under the Skin
mmlu_train
aquarat_36052
On a scale that measures the intensity of a certain phenomenon, a reading of g+1 corresponds to an intensity that is 10 times the intensity corresponding to a reading of g. On that scale, the intensity corresponding to a reading of 8 is how many times as great as the intensity corresponding to a reading of 3?
[ "5", "50", "10^5", "5^10", "8^10 - 3^10" ]
C. 10^5
aquarat
mmlu_train_98245
Coral gets some help with algae for their
[ "love", "dating advice", "happiness", "vibrance" ]
D. vibrance
mmlu_train
arc_challenge_878
A pan of soup is being heated on an electric stove. A metal spoon is used to occasionally stir the soup. Which of the following is an example of heat being transferred by convection?
[ "heating the pan", "heating the soup", "heating the spoon", "heating the stove burner" ]
B. heating the soup
arc_challenge
aquarat_5180
A fair price shopkeeper takes 10% profit on his goods. He lost 60% goods during theft. His loss percent is:
[ "72%", "42%", "56%", "12%", "22%" ]
C. 56%
aquarat
aquarat_51006
If December 3rd, 1999 is a Friday, what day is January 5th, 2000?
[ "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday" ]
A. Wednesday
aquarat
arc_easy_1381
When a book is dropped onto a wooden desk, the molecules in the wood begin to vibrate from the force of the book. Which of these is produced by the vibrations?
[ "friction", "interference", "sound waves", "ultrasonic waves" ]
C. sound waves
arc_easy
aquarat_20337
In an election contested by two parties, Party A secured 14% of the total votes more than Party B. If party B got 140,000 votes, by how many votes did it lose the election?
[ "14,000", "36,279", "164,000", "242,000", "303,000" ]
B. 36,279
aquarat
mmlu_train_54318
Try it and see for yourself--Crossword Weaver is the leading Crossword Puzzle Creator. This crossword puzzle maker, Crossword Weaver, is the leading crossword puzzle software. Type in your words to quickly create two styles of crossword puzzles. The freeform style uses only your words. Perfect for educators, home scholars, parents, and anyone wanting their puzzle to use only their words. Or, our patented technology mixes your words with a high quality database to give you professional puzzles in just seconds! Education Discount--Get 25% Off! Teachers, parents, students, home scholars, and religious educators who are purchasing this product qualify for a 25% discount! The demo mode allows you to try the program to see if it meets your needs before you purchase it. After you purchase an unlocking code and enter the code into the Crossword Weaver demo, it will immediately become the full version. The demo version has limitations on printing, saving, and exporting. Crossword Weaver is the best program for the best price. Used by teachers, parents, puzzle lovers, businesses, newsletter editors, publishers, and newspapers all over the world! Help your students learn vocabulary, spelling, facts, and more. Easily add a puzzle to your newsletter to make it really special Quickly make gifts for that special puzzle lover in your life. New!Play your puzzles online or email to friends. New!Save your puzzles as PDF's. New!Easily export to a web site. Try it for yourself and see how Crossword Weaver can help you with all of your crossword puzzle needs. License number to unlock the demo $39.95 License number to unlock the demo plus the optional CD $39.95 + $4.95 (includes S&H) All upgrades are free. Simply download the demo for the new version and type in your unlock code again to get your new version. Compared to the full version, the demo mode _ .
[ "is much cheaper", "can only be used online", "has the same function if you enter the code into it", "will be limited to some functions even if you enter the code" ]
C. has the same function if you enter the code into it
mmlu_train
aquarat_35996
Find the odd man out? 396, 462, 572, 427, 671, 264.
[ "2378", "427", "297", "2678", "187" ]
C. 297
aquarat
aquarat_36132
The probability that a card drawn from a pack of 52 cards will be a diamond or a king is
[ "2/13", "4/13", "1/13", "1/52", "None" ]
B. 4/13
aquarat
aquarat_41207
For the past n days, the average (arithmetic mean) daily production at a company was 60 units. If today's production of 90 units raises the average to 62 units per day, what is the value of n ?
[ "30", "14", "10", "9", "7" ]
B. 14
aquarat
mmlu_train_45247
One morning, I stepped out of bed and put my feet on the floor. Suddenly, a mean little man jumped out from under the bed and stabbed (,) an ice pick through my left foot. Figuratively speaking, yes. I took another step and he stabbed it again. This went on all day. Step, stab, scream. Over the next few days, I started limping . My whole body hurt. Even my hair. I kept thinking that the little man would get tired of stabbing me and go pick on somebody else.We often take things for granted until we lose them or they start to hurt. My brother deals with pain every day. He's also blind and suffers from cerebral palsy , needs a walker to walk, doesn't take much for granted. I had to wonder: What would he think about my foot? Finally, after a week of pain, I went to see a very nice foot doctor. The doctor studied my foot, took X-rays, shook his head, and said the little man's name: Arthur Itis, or Arthritis . I knew it well. I'd often heard it hissed angrily by my grandparents and parents, all attacked by Arthur's ice pick when they got older. "Wait," I said. "Doesn't Arthur usually just pick on old people?" The doctor smiled, looking at my chart. "How old are you?" I gave him a look. "Never mind," I said. "Can you fix it?" "Well," he said, "we can try." He listed several options and I chose the injection . It didn't hurt much. Not half as much as the ice pick. That was yesterday. This morning, I awoke, took a few careful steps and ... hallelujah!It hurt just a bit, but no ice pick. I looked under the bed. No sign of Arthur. Maybe he was hiding in the closet, waiting for another day.But for now, he was gone, and I was grateful.My mind began to race with plans to do all the things I'd been putting off for days:unpack, clean the house, wash my hair ... Then it hit me. Another stab. Not in my foot. In my heart. I remembered that I hadn't called my brother in a long time. It's easy to take some things for granted. But it should never be the people we love. After having the injection, the author's _ .
[ "felt regretful because it hurt so much", "was first satisfied with her recovery", "felt better but could still feel the \"ice pick\"pain", "was busy with housework that had been delayed for days" ]
B. was first satisfied with her recovery
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_66713
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people's hair. "You're what you eat and drink, and that's recorded in your hair," said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah. While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move. Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes . The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah. Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months. Cerling's team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops. They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of rain systems. "It's not good for pinpointing ," Cerling said. "It's good for eliminating many possibilities." Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months. She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. "It's still a substantial area," Park said "But it narrows it way down for me." What did Cerling's team produce in their research?
[ "A map showing the regional differences of tap water.", "A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.", "A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.", "A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system." ]
A. A map showing the regional differences of tap water.
mmlu_train
aquarat_18518
In what time will Rs.4000 lent at 3% per annum on simple interest earn as much interest as Rs.5000 will earn in 5 years at 4% per annum on simple interest?
[ "8 1/3", "8 1/6", "8 1/4", "8 1/8", "8 1/9" ]
A. 8 1/3
aquarat
mmlu_train_73578
What is "walk to School?" Now we are working on a programme of "Walk to School". We would like as many parents and children as possible to take part, even if in a small way. Children who walk to and from school along with their parents can learn essential road safety and life skills. You can take part by... #Walking to and from school with your child every day. #Walking for one or two days during the week. #Encouraging others to walk, if you already do. Walking is great! #Walking is great exercise! A walk is good for your body and can keep you fit. #You won't have to waste time looking for a parking site . #It's pollution free. #It's a good chance to talk to your children and to meet other parents, too. Enjoying walking to school! Here is some advice to help you and your child enjoy walking to school. #Plan a safe route together. #Teach children what a kerb is and what it means. #Encourage your child to help you choose the safest places to cross the road. #Look at and discuss the things you see on your way - especially road signs and what they mean. Walk to school! Thousands of parents and children take part, could you? Please go to www.walktoschool. org. uk for more information. By walking to and from school, children can learn _ .
[ "driving skills", "running skills", "road safety and life skills", "knowledge about science" ]
C. road safety and life skills
mmlu_train
mmlu_train_95467
The family cooked most of their food using a stove and
[ "electricity", "luck", "ice", "magic" ]
A. electricity
mmlu_train