id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
aquarat_51044 | How long will a boy take to run round a square field of side 50 meters, if he runs at the rate of 10km/hr? | [
"52sec",
"45sec",
"72sec",
"25sec",
"39sec"
] | C. 72sec | aquarat |
mmlu_train_61377 | If you want to keep healthy, you should have good habits. What is a habit? It is something we do very often. We don't even think when we do it. It has become a part of our lives. "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." This is an old English saying. Do you know what it means? It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever. Is this true? Perhaps it is. We know the body must have enough sleep. Boys and girls need eight or nine hours' sleep every day. Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is a very bad habit. Then you will not think or do your work well. Of course, you can't be healthy, wealthy or wise. When we get up early in the morning, we can go out and do morning exercises. Exercise means doing things with the body. Walking, running jumping, swimming, and playing ball games are all exercise. If we don't exercise, our body will become weak. Exercise helps the blood to move around inside our body. Blood takes food to all parts of our body. Our body also needs air to breathe. Without air, we will die. We must have lots of clean fresh air if we want to be healthy. That is why many people like to go out to do morning exercise. How long should young boys and girls need to sleep a day? | [
"More than ten hours",
"Over eleven hours.",
"Less than seven hours.",
"Eight hours or so."
] | D. Eight hours or so. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_1014 | The best example of balanced forces is a | [
"car increasing speed.",
"bus parked in a garage.",
"ball kicked along a flat surface.",
"roller coaster slowing down on an incline."
] | B. bus parked in a garage. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_73859 | Hello, listeners. Welcome to Henton Hospital Radio. Before our music program begins, I'm going to repeat some of our hospital rules. The hospital can sleep 800 patients. There are 8 beds in each ward .The visiting hours are in the afternoon from 2:30 to 3:30 and in the evening from 7:00 to 8:00. But remember only two visitors at a time. Sorry about that, but you can see what would happen if we didn't have these rules. The other rules are about our time schedule. We start quite early-you might not be used to that. We wake you at 6 o'clock, and breakfast is at 8 o'clock, lunch at noon. There's tea at 3:30 and supper is at 6' o clock. You can see the "No Smoking" sign-we don't allow smoking in the wards. I'm sure you understand why. However, if you do need to smoke, there are some smoking-rooms for you. You will find the radio switch on the wall near your bed, with your own headphones, if you want to listen. It's our own hospital radio wishing you a quick recovery{}. Which of the following can't people do in the hospital? | [
"Listening to the hospital radio.",
"Visiting patients in the morning",
"Smoking in the smoking-rooms.",
"Getting up early in the morning"
] | B. Visiting patients in the morning | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_153 | Consider a binary classification problem with a linear classifier $f(\mathbf{x})$ given by $$ f(\mathbf{x})= \begin{cases}1, & \mathbf{w}^{\top} \mathbf{x} \geq 0 \\ -1, & \mathbf{w}^{\top} \mathbf{x}<0\end{cases} $$ where $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{3}$. Suppose that the weights of the linear model are equal to $\mathbf{w}=(4,0,-3)$. For the next two questions, we would like to find a minimum-norm adversarial example. Specifically, we are interested in solving the following optimization problem, for a given $\mathbf{x}$ : $$ \min _{\boldsymbol{\delta} \in \mathbb{R}^{3}}\|\boldsymbol{\delta}\|_{2} \quad \text { subject to } \quad \mathbf{w}^{\top}(\mathbf{x}+\boldsymbol{\delta})=0 $$ This leads to the point $\mathbf{x}+\boldsymbol{\delta}$ that lies exactly at the decision boundary and the perturbation $\boldsymbol{\delta}$ is the smallest in terms of the $\ell_{2}$-norm. What is the optimum $\delta^{\star}$ that minimizes the objective in Eq. (OP) for the point $\mathbf{x}=$ $(-1,3,2) ?$ | [
"$(1,-1,0)$",
"$(0,-1,1)$",
"$(-2,0,0)$",
"$(1.2,0,1.6)$",
"Other",
"$(0,2,0)$",
"$(-1.2,0,1.6)$"
] | E. Other | m1_pref |
aquarat_31375 | Father is aged three times more than his son Sunil. After 8 years, he would be two and a half times of Tharak's age. After further 6 years, how many times would he be of Tharak's age? | [
"1.52 times",
"1.83 times",
"2.83 times",
"0.83 times",
"6.2 times"
] | B. 1.83 times | aquarat |
mmlu_train_96661 | Pressing the power button on an mp3 player | [
"turns on the dishwasher",
"switches a simple series circuit on or off",
"fills the bathtub with water",
"turns on the microwave"
] | B. switches a simple series circuit on or off | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_94109 | Which stage of a frog's life cycle can be compared to a plant seed growing into a new plant? | [
"when frog eggs are laid in water",
"when frog eggs hatch into tadpoles",
"when tadpoles live in water and breathe with gills",
"when frogs use lungs for breathing out of water"
] | B. when frog eggs hatch into tadpoles | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_65466 | IWFU is short for "I want to find you", and is an-easy-use Internet program which makes communication online easy. With IWFU, you can chat, send messages, play games and surf the Internet with your friends, and much more. With just a click of your mouse, you and your friends are connected at once. Using IWFU is simple. When you install IWFU, the program asks you to register . When you register, you receive a special IWFU number. You can also enter information about yourself which allows other IWFU users to recognize you when you log on. Once you've registered, you can make a list of your IWFU friends. IWFU will then use the list to identify your friends. As soon as you log onto the Internet, IWFU will let people know that you are online. Whether you are in Asia or Europe, in the United States or China, you can access your friends from anywhere and at any time through IWFU. IWFU is _ . | [
"an Internet document called \"I want to find you\"",
"a computer hardware called \"I want to find you",
"a computer software used for chatting",
"an Internet program used for online communication"
] | C. a computer software used for chatting | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_64688 | Human cloning technology could be used to reserve heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden. With cloning, _ couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Couples go through physical and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before. We should be able to clone the bone marrow for children and adults suffering from leukemia . This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology. We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer. Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases. The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unprecedented advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin. According to the writer, the main problem with the development of human cloning technology is that _ . | [
"it has brought about benefits so far",
"it may be out of human control",
"people still know little about it",
"people are afraid of such technology"
] | D. people are afraid of such technology | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93820 | Which form of energy are x rays and ultraviolet light? | [
"nuclear",
"heat",
"electromagnetic",
"chemical"
] | C. electromagnetic | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_1012 | The petals of flowers often are brightly colored. These petals provide a benefit for the plant because they — | [
"prevent insects from taking pollen to other flowers",
"hide the plant from predators that would eat its flowers",
"protect the leaves from injury by birds and insects",
"attract insects that can carry the pollen needed for plant reproduction"
] | D. attract insects that can carry the pollen needed for plant reproduction | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_19279 | We know that sugary sodas aren't good for our bodies. Now it turns out that they may not be good for our minds, either. A new study of more than 260,000 people has found a link between sweetened soft-drinks and depression, and diet sodas may be making matters worse. Americans drink far more sodas than people in other countries-- as much as 170 liters per person per year. But the impact of this study isn't limited to the United States. "Sweetened drinks, coffee and tea are commonly consumed worldwide and have important physical consequences. And they may have important mental-health consequences as well," study author Dr Honglei Chen said in a statement. The study studied 263,925 people between the ages of 50 and 71. Researchers followed their consumption of drinks like soda, tea coffee, and other soft drinks from 1995 to 1996 and then. 10 years later, asked them if they had been diagnosed with depression since the year 2000. More than 11,3000 of them had. Participants who drank more than four servings of sodas per day were 30 percent more likely to develop depression than participants who did not drink sodas at all. People who stuck with fruit punch , had a 38 percent higher risk than people who didn't drink sweetened drinks. And all that extra sugar isn't the actual problem. Researchers say that the artificial sweetener _ may be to blame. The study found a link but could not surely determine whether sodas and other sweet soft drinks cause depression. Still, the results "are consistent with a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that artificially sweetened beverages may be linked to poor health outcomes." But there's a bright side for those who can't live without their daily sodas. Adults who drank coffee had a 10 percent lower risk of depression compared to people who didn't drink any coffee, according to the study. "Our research suggests that cutting out or down on sweetened diet drinks or replacing them with unsweetened coffee may naturally help lower your depression risk," said Chen. What should you drink in order to reduce the risk of depression? | [
"Sodas.",
"Unsweetened coffee.",
"Sugary coffee.",
"Fruit punch."
] | B. Unsweetened coffee. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_41680 | If x is an integer such that 1 < x < 9, 2 < x < 15, 7 > x > –1, 4 > x > 0, and x + 1 < 5, then x is | [
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7"
] | A. 3 | aquarat |
aquarat_16083 | The profit earned by selling an article for 852 is equal to the loss incurred when the same article is sold for 448. What should be the sale price of the article for making 50 per cent profit? | [
"960",
"975",
"1,200",
"920",
"None of these"
] | B. 975 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_35362 | Lichens are difficult to see. They don't move. They often mix into the living place. You might not even recognize one if you are looking right at it. Lichens live on rocks, branches, houses, and even metal street signs. You can find these colorful organisms almost everywhere -- from deserts to rainforests, and from Antarctica to Africa. They've traveled in outer space, and some scientists think there might even be lichens on Mars. What you probably don't realize is that a lichen is more than a single thing. It includes two different types of living organisms: a fungus and an alga . Neither of these organisms is a plant, so the lichen isn't a plant either. Through photosynthesis , the alga gets the sun's energy to make food for the fungus, which is the place for the alga to live in. However, the alga cannot leave the fungus. Around the world, scientists have found tens of thousands of types of lichens. Many may not even have been discovered yet. As scientists continue to find new kinds of lichens, they are also working to understand how they are connected to one another. By putting together a lichen family tree, they hope to understand why so many different types of lichens have grown in so many places around the world. Many researchers are trying to understand basic facts about the organisms and their connections. Researchers are also using lichens to examine the health of the environment. We can know from the passage that _ . | [
"lichens can be used to better understand the environment",
"lichens don't have any differences in colors or sizes",
"lichens don't use photosynthesis like a green plant",
"scientists have discovered every kind of lichen"
] | A. lichens can be used to better understand the environment | mmlu_train |
aquarat_11734 | is two years older than B who is twice as old as C. If the total of the ages of A, B and C be 42, then how old is B? | [
"16",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11"
] | A. 16 | aquarat |
aquarat_17237 | A can do a job in 12 days and B can do it in 20 days. A and B working together will finish twice the amount of work in days? | [
"22 1/6",
"22 1/2",
"22 1/0",
"15",
"22 1/1"
] | D. 15 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_7631 | Why do plants grow in some places and not in others? Why does some land have so much growing on it, while other land has almost no plants growing on it at all? To grow, plants need several things. One is warmth. In very cold places almost nothing grows. Plants also need water. In very dry parts of the Earth only a few unusual plants can grow. That's why dry deserts everywhere are almost not covered by trees or grass. Plants must also have a place in which to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built on hard land. The plants here have only the soil found between the _ cracks of the stones to grow in. Another thing plants must have before they can grow is food. What will happen if we try to make things grow on the sandy beach? A few plants, such as beach grass, will grow in sand, but most plants won't. Even if the weather is warm enough and we water the plants each day, many of them will die because the sand on this beach has almost no food for plants. According to the passage, plants need_things to grow well. | [
"two",
"three",
"four",
"five"
] | C. four | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_32131 | Some problems are difficult to solve. But there are a lot of number expressions that can help. For example, if we put two and two together, we might come up with the right answer. We know that two heads are better than one. It is always better to work with another person to solve a problem. Some problems have only one solution. You cannot be of two minds over this. But with any luck,we can solve the problem in two shakes of a lamb's tail. In other words,we could have our answers quickly and easily. Sometimes we can kill two birds with one stone. That is, we can complete two goals with only one effort or action. But we must remember that two wrongs don't make a right. If someone does something bad to you, you should not do the same to him. If you are going out with your girlfriend,or boyfriend,but you don't want another friend to go along on your date,you can just say to your friend: two's company, three's a crowd. When I was a young child in school, I had to learn the three R' s. These important skills are reading, writing and arithmetic. These three words do not all start with the letter "R". But they have the sound of "R". My teacher used to give three cheers when I did well in maths. They gave praise and approval for a job well done. Some of my friends were confused and did not understand their school work. They were at sixes and sevens. In fact, they did not care if they finished high school. But they were happy when they completed their studies and graduated from high school. They were in seventh heaven. They were on cloud nine. Nine times out of ten students who do well in school find good jobs. Some work in an office doing the same things every day at nine-to-five jobs. You do not have to dress to the nines, or wear your best clothes, for this kind of work. When Tom wins first place in the game,we can congratulate him by using " _ " according to the passage. | [
"dress up to the nines",
"give three cheers",
"kill two birds with one stone",
"put two and two together"
] | B. give three cheers | mmlu_train |
aquarat_27949 | Find the perimeter of a triangle with sides measuring 7 centimeters, 10 centimeters and 15 centimeters. | [
"10cm",
"15cm",
"32cm",
"35cm",
"20cm"
] | C. 32cm | aquarat |
aquarat_16539 | In a senior secondary school, 80 students play hockey or football. The number that play football is 5 more than twice the number that play hockey. If the 15 students play both games and every student in the school playsat least one game, find:
The number of students that play football? | [
"10",
"15",
"20",
"30",
"35"
] | B. 15 | aquarat |
aquarat_48347 | Of the two square fields, the area of the one is 1 hectare, while anothe one is broader by 1%. There differences in area is: | [
"201 m",
"220 m",
"211 m",
"219 m",
"205 m"
] | A. 201 m (power) 2 | aquarat |
arc_easy_231 | Which is a source of sound? | [
"thermal energy",
"potential energy",
"a vibration",
"a medium"
] | C. a vibration | arc_easy |
aquarat_10449 | Two cyclist start from the same places in opposite directions. One is going towards north at 18kmph and the other is going towards south 20kmph. What time will they take to be 152km apart? | [
"1 1/4 hours",
"2 1/3 hours",
"4hours",
"3 3/4 hours",
"6hours"
] | C. 4hours | aquarat |
arc_easy_535 | Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized? | [
"increasing atomic number from left to right",
"increasing number of neutrons from left to right",
"decreasing number of electrons from left to right",
"decreasing atomic mass number from left to right"
] | A. increasing atomic number from left to right | arc_easy |
aquarat_5800 | At present, the ratio between the ages of Arun and Deepak is 5:4. After 5 years, Arun's age will be 40 years. What is the age of Deepak at present? | [
"28",
"26",
"24",
"22",
"20"
] | A. 28 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_63775 | Airtight plastic bags can help farmers protect their harvests without the use of harmful chemicals. These bags are designed to keep air out of crops in storage. Using them is a simple way to fight insects and keep crops fresh. Ten countries in West and Central Africa are involved in a project to improve the storage of cowpeas, also known as black-eyed peas. Farmers can lose much of the harvest to insects called bruchids , which grow from egg to adult in a few weeks and then lay forty to sixty eggs. They can destroy the whole harvest within months. Farmers can sell their crops immediately. But selling at harvest time means more competition and lower prices.Or they can use pesticides to kill the bugs. But a crop scientist Dieudonne Baributsa says, "They end up misusing or overusing the pesticide. In Nigeria, they have reported a lot of cases of death. They usually call cowpeas 'killer beans' in Nigeria." Mr. Baributsa is a researcher at Purdue University in Indiana, America. The project is called PICS---Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage. He says the storage bags are thick enough that any insects already in the cowpeas willdie from a lack of oxygen. The lack of air will also help prevent the growth of bacteria that can ruin the harvest. The bags cost about two dollars each. Mr. Baributsa says that is not much, especially if it means farmers can wait long enough to get a better price for their crops. The bags are produced locally. Donors currently support the project, but the groups involved are working to build a lasting market for the bags because donation for the project will not lastforever. A company based in the United States called GrainPro makes another kind of airtight bags. These are called SuperGrainbags. Phil Villers, the company's president, says storing a harvest safely not only helps farmers earn more money, but also reduces the amount of the harvest loss to insects, spoilage and mishandling. "What does not get wasted and eaten means it is possible to feed a hungry world," said Phil Villers. How does the name of "killer beans" come out? | [
"The beans are poisonous by nature.",
"People eat beans that are infected by bugs.",
"Farmers use chemicals to kill bugs improperly.",
"Bugs ruin beans within a short time."
] | C. Farmers use chemicals to kill bugs improperly. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_21165 | A “palindromic integer” is an integer that remains the same when its digits are reversed. So, for example, 43334 and 516615 are both examples of palindromic integers. How many 6-digit palindromic integers are both even and greater than 800,000? | [
"60",
"100",
"160",
"240",
"300"
] | B. 100 | aquarat |
aquarat_37867 | a circular wheel radius is 1.75m.for covering 11k.m how much time it revolve? | [
"10",
"100",
"1000",
"10000",
"50"
] | C. 1000 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1642 | Falling and rising air and water molecules inside of clouds are believed to be factors in the formation of lightning. Which kind of energy transfer is taking place to cause this weather phenomenon? | [
"electrical to thermal",
"thermal to mechanical",
"chemical to mechanical",
"mechanical to electrical"
] | D. mechanical to electrical | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_96905 | A light is turned on and the circuit is closed so | [
"the house is old",
"the connections get warm",
"the light is off",
"the light is broken"
] | B. the connections get warm | mmlu_train |
aquarat_12117 | The average salary of a person for the months of January, February, March and April is Rs.8000 and that for the months February, March, April and May is Rs.8500. If his salary for the month of May is Rs.6500, find his salary for the month of January? | [
"Rs.4580",
"Rs.4570",
"Rs.4500",
"Rs.4550",
"Rs.2500"
] | C. Rs.4500 | aquarat |
aquarat_34815 | A rectangular lawn of dimensions 80 m * 40 m has two roads each 10 m wide running in the middle of the lawn, one parallel to the length and the other parallel to the breadth. What is the cost of traveling the two roads at Rs.3 per sq m? | [
"2288",
"2779",
"3300",
"3900",
"2781"
] | C. 3300 | aquarat |
aquarat_29646 | If n is the product of the integers from 1 to 20 inclusive, what is the greatest integer k for which 2k2k is a factor of n? | [
"10",
"12",
"15",
"18",
"20"
] | D. 18 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_11199 | Japanese doctors have used thin sheets of tissue from people's cheeks repair damaged corneas . A team from Osaka University transplanted thin layers of cheek cells onto the eyes of four patients with a rare and painful eye condition,reports BBC online. Patients whose vision had been cloudy could see well afterwards,and the"new corneas"remained clear more than a year after the operation. Doctors can also take cells from a healthy eye and grow them in a dish to produce a new cornea,or they can transplant corneas from donors . But these techniques may not work when both eyes are too badly damaged by accident or disease. The team hope their work may help solve the problem and lead to other types of grow-your-own tissue transplants. The cornea is the clear layer of cells on the surface of the eye. It can be damaged by trauma or by a range of diseases. The team worked with four patients who had a painful condition that causes cloudy corneas and dry eyes. Often the eye can regenerate cornea cells but none of the four patients had this ability. The researchers took a 3 mm-wide square of tissue from inside the mouth(cheeks)and grew it into a thin layer in the lab. They used a special low temperature technique to separate a very thin sheet off each batch. They then laid that onto the patient's eye. The cell layers stuck onto the eye and developed into tissue that looked and acted like a healthy cornea. However,long-term follow-up and experience with a large series of patients is needed to assess the benefits and risks this method. Yet,"it does offer the potential of treating severe eye diseases that are resistant to standard approaches,"said the head of the research,Kohji Nishida. Which of the following is the best title? | [
"A new invention",
"A new technique",
"Mouth tissue can restore your vision",
"Transplanting can restore your vision"
] | C. Mouth tissue can restore your vision | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36170 | Harold needs to buy a ticket to attend a conference for work. His own department contributes $4 less than half the price of the ticket. The HR department will contributes $1 more than a third of the price of the ticket. With these two contributions, Harold has to pay only $10 out of his own pocket to cover the cost of the ticket. What was the price of the ticket? | [
"$36",
"$42",
"$48",
"$54",
"$60"
] | B. $42 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_67635 | We had one class for computers when I was in school, which was also introduced new in school and all the students did not attend it. I took it because I had free period and was interested in taking it. In those days we could not image that computers will become so important in our lives otherwise most of the students would have joined the computer class. Computers are beneficial for almost anyone and the present generation is growing in an atmosphere where you need the computers for doing almost everything .If they are not made computer literate they will lag behind in all the activities. Nowadays almost all schools have some kind of computer courses for the students so that they learn the fundamentals of the computer. It will not be possible to do it if they don't have computer classes. Most of the homes have personal computers now and most children are already aware of the basics before they join school. Computing courses are also good for adults who are not familiar with the computer as most of the jobs which are available today have the use of computer in some way or the other. Adults who have not used the computer before are generally quite anxious, but an easy computing course will be able to change the way they think in a few weeks. If you are interested, you can join a computing course which is longer and teaches you more than the basics, but you may have to spend more time in the completing course. They are very useful courses as _ teaches you ways to use the fundamental programs which are typically used in various jobs. It is also possible you may like to do the computing course for enjoyment as some of the classes are also free .There are courses which charge a fee for skills like graphic design and photo editing . They are a lot of fun too and may also be useful when you do a job , depending on the kind of career ,someone you choose or have . You will find these courses in the colleges, as well as online, if you already are familiar with the use of computer. According to this passage most of the jobs can be done by _ . | [
"attending computing courses",
"changing the way people think",
"learning all aspects of the computer",
"using the computer"
] | D. using the computer | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_67896 | When people communicate, they need words to express themselves. People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand of words. But we do not need all these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. Before you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. Vocabulary means a lot of words. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your own vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as you can. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. You will enjoy them. When you meet a new word, find it in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your most useful book. Before you leave your school, you'll learn _ . | [
"only two thousand words",
"five hundred thousand words",
"more than one thousand words",
"three or four thousand words"
] | C. more than one thousand words | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_27529 | Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled----to $1.01 per pack---smokers have jammed telephone 'quit lines' across the country seeking to kick the habit. This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they _ people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely. In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S.C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78. The influence is obvious. In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys----13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26 % of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans "who choose to smoke." That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. The text is mainly about _ . | [
"the price of cigarettes",
"the rate of teen smoking",
"the effect of tobacco tax increase",
"the differences in tobacco tax rate"
] | C. the effect of tobacco tax increase | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_2038 | When a boy stands in a field in the sunlight, he usually is able to see his | [
"weight",
"temperature",
"reflection",
"shadow"
] | D. shadow | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_27521 | Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are affecting fewer and fewer people and when they do suffer a stroke , it is much later in their life. In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of more than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems -- the major medical complaints in this age group -- are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to increase. Other diseases of old age -- dementia, strokes, arteriosclerosis and emphysema -- are also troubling fewer and fewer people. "It really raises the question of what should be considered normal ageing," says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their former generations. On the downside, an increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. "These may be subtle influences," says Manton, "but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It's not surprising we see some effect." One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer. For example, 65-year-old women with fewer than eight years of schooling are expected, on average, to live to 82. Those who continued their education live an extra seven years. Although some of this can be attributed to a higher income, Manton believes it is mainly because educated people seek more medical attention. The survey also assessed how independent people over 65 were, and again found a striking trend. Almost 80% of those in the 1994 survey could complete everyday activities ranging from eating and dressing unaided to complex tasks such as cooking and managing their finances. That represents a significant drop in the number of disabled old people in the population. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States government's medicare system more than $200 billion, suggesting that the ageing of America's population may prove less of a financial burden than expected. But independence can have drawbacks. Scientists found that elderly people who felt emotionally isolated maintained higher levels of stress hormones even when asleep. The research suggests that older people live best when they feel independent but know they can get help when they need it. What is the main reason for better-educated people to live longer according to Manton? | [
"They maintain a lower level of stress.",
"They have learnt more about medical care.",
"They have a higher income to support themselves.",
"They pay much more attention to their physical health."
] | D. They pay much more attention to their physical health. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_46101 | Over the years, Americans have become used to salt.Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association.That's twice the amount recommended by the government. A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart.The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes , four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women.As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist at the University of California, San Francisco.Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%.A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%. They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt. However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people. Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure.But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes. "Salt has other biological effects. Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results. There is not enough evidence either way,"said Michael Alderman. What can we learn from the passage? | [
"Most Americans take more salt than advised.",
"African women eat more salt than Americans.",
"One's origin determines how much salt he can eat.",
"Good health is just on the basis of having less salt."
] | A. Most Americans take more salt than advised. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_856 | Which tool would best help a person observe the parts of a plant cell? | [
"hand lens",
"telescope",
"binoculars",
"microscope"
] | D. microscope | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_268 | Why is competition among males during mating season important in some animal species? | [
"It ensures that genes from the fittest animals are passed on.",
"It allows females to distinguish between adult and juvenile males.",
"It provides the species with new ways of communication.",
"It speeds the process of reproduction."
] | A. It ensures that genes from the fittest animals are passed on. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_87152 | When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say," Excuse me." This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do _ . In fact, I notice adults cough and sneeze in public without putting a hand over the mouth. I hate traveling by underground in New York during cold and flu season, because it is certain that someone is going to stand right behind me and cough or sneeze on my neck. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hand, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. Otherwise, they will be passing those _ along to everything and everyone they touch. In order to help the students remember this rule, I tell them about an old story. It says that when you sneeze, evil spirits jump into your body. If you don't cover your mouth, the spirits will enter, but if you cover your mouth, you will keep them out, We say "God bless you" when someone sneezes, and in Germany you should say "Gesundheit". That means "Good health to you." Both expressions are said that if you didn't cover your mouth in time and the spirits were able to enter your body. The kids love finding out the origins of these expressions and it encourage them to put the advice to use more often. What does the underline word _ " mean? | [
"Don't cough or sneeze in front of people.",
"Don't stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.",
"Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train.",
"Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry."
] | D. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_953 | Where is most of Earth's water located? | [
"glaciers",
"lakes",
"oceans",
"rivers"
] | C. oceans | arc_easy |
aquarat_4604 | What is the angle between the two hands of a clock when time is 8:30 | [
"15 degree",
"45 degree",
"55 degree",
"75 degree",
"65 degree"
] | D. 75 degree | aquarat |
mmlu_train_98010 | Which of these supports an item that works together in large numbers and is greater than the sum of its parts? | [
"car",
"membrane",
"fire",
"truck"
] | B. membrane | mmlu_train |
aquarat_27009 | For every even positive integer m, f(m) represents the product of all even integers from 2 to m, inclusive. For example, f(12)=2x4x6x8x10x12. What is the greatest prime factor of f(34)? | [
"2",
"7",
"13",
"17",
"19"
] | D. 17 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_9786 | In the United States, 30 percent of the adult population has a "weight problem.". To many people, the cause is clear: We eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of 1910, we find that people were slimmer than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn't watch television. Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people don't eat more on average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations (researches), such as a 1970 study of 3,545 London office workers, report that, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people. Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts. The more the men ran, the greater loss of body fat. The more they ran, the greater their increase in food intake . Thus those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost greatest amount of body fat. Based on the statistics given in the article, suppose there are 500 adult Americans, about how many of them will have weight problems? | [
"30",
"50",
"100",
"150"
] | D. 150 | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_24382 | A teddy bear from Cumbria is launching into space to raise cash for charity . Terence, an experienced traveller who has been to Iraq, will be the guest of honour on aviation legend Burt Rutan's Spaceship One when it flies above Earth. The mission takes off from California on September 29, and on his return the cuddly toy will be auctioned off in aid of the North Air Ambulance Appeal . Spaceship One is the world's first private spacecraft, and is competing for a prestigious space travel prize. Chief executive of the Great North Air Ambulance Service (GNAAS), Graham Pickering, said "flying officer" Terence had been handed over to the RAF six months ago and staff had been receiving postcards from him ever since. He said, "Terence was a fundraising idea that really took off. We have received pictures of him in a U2 craft, trying parachuting and even looking drunk and disorderly. When the RAF finally discharge him he will be a very rare bear indeed--we just hope he does not burn up on re-entry to Earth." GNAAS, which needs charitable donations of more than PS2m a year, has three air ambulances . Peter Bond, spokesman for the Royal Astronomical Society, said Terence's safety was not guaranteed. He said, "This is a new and experimental craft and this will only be the second time it has flown. During its first voyage it developed technical problems but hopefully they have now been resolved." Since May, Terence has spent time with members of 100 Squadron based at RAF Leeming in Basra, Iraq, and at air shows with performing fighter planes. Spaceship One will fly 100km (62 miles) above the Earth's surface, just breaking through the planet's atmosphere. If it repeats the feat inside two weeks, it will claim the $10m Ansari X-Prize set up to encourage the private space flight business. Which of the following is true of Spaceship One? | [
"Spaceship One is the world's first spacecraft.",
"The purpose of its flight is to collect money for the charity.",
"The purpose of its flight is to compete for a prestigious space travel prize.",
"Spaceship One has never flown."
] | C. The purpose of its flight is to compete for a prestigious space travel prize. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_99621 | If a person dies from a snake bite, the person was probably bitten by a | [
"bull snake",
"python",
"black mamba",
"boa."
] | C. black mamba | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_45366 | The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox's head, and that feeds on fruit. Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one place for years. Sometimes several hundreds of them occupy a single tree. As they return to the tree towards sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight. Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her chest wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls to the ground. Then the older ones fly down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of the tree. How do flying foxes care for their young? | [
"They only care for their own babies.",
"They share the feeding of their young.",
"They help when a baby bat is in danger.",
"They often leave home and forget their young."
] | C. They help when a baby bat is in danger. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_218 | The average of a batsman for 40 innings is 50 runs. His highest score exceeds his lowest score by 172 runs. If these two innings are excluded, his average drops by 2 runs. Find his highest score. | [
"172",
"173",
"174",
"175",
"None of the above"
] | C. 174 | aquarat |
aquarat_17652 | The averge score of a cricketer for ten matches is 41 runs. If the average for the first six matches is 35. Then find the average for the last four matches? | [
"50",
"55",
"60",
"45",
"48"
] | A. 50 | aquarat |
aquarat_40139 | In the coordinate plane, a circle centered on point (-3, 4) passes through point (1, 1). What is the area of the circle? | [
"9π",
"18π",
"25π",
"37π",
"41π"
] | C. 25π | aquarat |
mmlu_train_47297 | Most people can only dream of living for 100 years, let alone fathering a child nearly a century after being born themselves. But that is apparently a reality today, as a 96-year-old Indian man claims to have fathered a child, his second in recent years. Ramajit Raghav and his 52-year-old wife, Shakuntala Devi, reportedly gave birth to a healthy baby boy, Ranjeet, on Oct. 5, according to the Times of India. Just two years ago, Raghav set the world record when he and Devi gave birth to their first son, Vikramajeet. "I didn't take any medicine. ... I just prayed to God to complete my family, either a boy or a girl," Raghav told the paper. India is often the source of unusual stories about a person's age. However, the life expectancy of the average Indian actually falls into the lower-third of UN global statistics (139 out of 194 counties), at 64.7 years. The average Indian man lives 63.2 years. By comparison, Japan has the longest worldwide life expectancy, with its residents living an average of 82.7 years. The US comes in at No. 38, with Americans living an average of 79.2 years. While male fertility rates are not as directly correlated to age as are women's, male fertility rates do decline with age, according to a study published in the 2004 issue of Human Reproduction Update. Raghav says that he credits his diet of butter, milk and almonds for his longevity, along with abstaining from drugs and alcohol. "I feel lucky to have two healthy sons. It will be tough, but I'm a happy man," he said. Interestingly, the previous record holder for world's oldest dad was also Indian: Nanu Ram Jog, who reportedly fathered his 21st at the age of 90. For his part, Raghav doesn't plan to set any more paternal records. He said. "I don't want more children, we can't afford it." Raghav set the world record for _ . | [
"giving birth to the most children",
"the healthiest and happiest father",
"the oldest man to father children",
"improving life expectancy of Indians."
] | C. the oldest man to father children | mmlu_train |
aquarat_9260 | Insert the missing number
9, 12, 11, 14, 13, ..., 15 | [
"12",
"16",
"10",
"17",
"18"
] | B. 16 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_78233 | There is a big tree in front of my house. A black bird lives in the tree. Every day I take some food to the tree. The bird sees me and comes down. The food is in my hand. The bird comes to my hand and eats it. After that it goes back to the tree. I give some food to the bird every day. And so the bird knows me. I like the bird and the bird likes me. We are good friends. What's in the tree? | [
"A big black bird.",
"A black bird.",
"An old black bird.",
"A big old black bird."
] | B. A black bird. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_1501 | A parking garage rents parking spaces for $15 per week or $30 per month. How much does a person save in a year by renting by the month rather than by the week? | [
"$140",
"$160",
"$220",
"$420",
"$260"
] | D. $420 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_93319 | When a student uses the equation, mass multiplied by change in temperature multiplied by specific heat, what is being calculated? q = m \times C \times \Delta T | [
"a phase change",
"stored energy",
"heat convection",
"heat gain or heat loss"
] | D. heat gain or heat loss | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_61709 | "The world's oceans are slowly getting more acidic." say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The lowering of the waters' PH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature. Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century. These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change. "This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira. "And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years." However, it is not ly clear what that means for ocean life. Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest PH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to PH changes.Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate may be affected if the water's acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming.But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thingbecause in releasing CO2into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2, is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming." If the water's acidity level keeps rising, _ . | [
"ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected",
"the waters' PH value will become higher and higher",
"organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to PH changes",
"some disastrous events will occur more often than before"
] | A. ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected | mmlu_train |
aquarat_47246 | What is the smallest positive integer K such that the product of 450 x K is a perfect square? | [
"3",
"9",
"15",
"25",
"63"
] | A. 3 | aquarat |
aquarat_49873 | Find the odd man out
864, 420, 200, 90, 40, 16, 6 | [
"90",
"200",
"16",
"40",
"6"
] | A. 90 | aquarat |
aquarat_31454 | Rs.705 is divided amongst A, B, C so that 3 times A's share, 5 times B's share and 4 times C's share are all equal. Find B's share? | [
"177",
"150",
"180",
"716",
"616"
] | C. 180 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_55711 | DCU*LS is the English Language Training Center of Dublin City University. Our courses are designed for adults (18+). We offer a lot of English language courses throughout the year in addition to special programmes in summer. Our school proudly has the same high standards which have gained Dublin City University a national and international reputation for the excellence of its courses. Recognized by Department of Education as an English language school for the teaching of English as a foreign language. DCU*LS offers you a friendly atmosphere in which you can improve your English skills. Because we are a university based company, we also offer our students ways to university facilities . For more information please contact : DCU Language Services, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland Tel: +353 1 705552 Fax: +353 1 70511 Email: Is.elt @ dcu.ie Web: www.dculs.dcu.ie Who can take part in the courses offered by DCU*LS ? | [
"Teenagers.",
"Adults over 18.",
"College students.",
"English teachers."
] | B. Adults over 18. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1525 | Which of the following is believed to be one cause of global warming? | [
"atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide",
"hot air from air conditioner exhaust",
"methane gas escaping from landfills",
"body heat generated by overpopulation"
] | A. atmospheric rise of carbon dioxide | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_79075 | Here is an examination notice . Mrs. Dickson gave it to her students last week. To the students of Class 3 * Examinations start on January 22 and end on June 23. * The time for each of the subject is: English June 22 9:30 A.M.- 10:30 A.M. Math June 22 11:00 A.M.- 12:00 A.M. History June 22 2:30 P.M.-3:30 P.M. PE June 23 8:00 A.M.-10:00 A.M. Music June 23 1:00 P.M.-3:00 P.M. * For the PE test? go to the playground. For the music test, go to the Piano Room. All else are written tests. They will be held in Classroom 3. * No student can get into the examination room more than 15 minutes after the exam starts. * No food or drink during ANY test. * No dictionaries during the English exam. * Wear pants and sports shoes for the PE exam. * If you have questions, go to the Teacher's Office before the tests. Who could not take the English exam? | [
"Nancy. She wore her sports shoes on June 22.",
"Richard. He did not have breakfast before the exam.",
"Wendy. She forgot to take an English dictionary with her.",
"Tony. He went to school at 9:50 0n the morning of June 22."
] | D. Tony. He went to school at 9:50 0n the morning of June 22. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_771 | What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O | [
"sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride",
"sodium chloride and water",
"sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen",
"sodium, chlorine, and water"
] | B. sodium chloride and water | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_22188 | A few months ago, Dr. Ken Duckworth, a psychiatrist in Massachusetts, was swimming in his community's pool, chatting with other swimmers. When he mentioned his career, one man wanted Duckworth's opinion on his struggles with depression; another asked for advice on a family member's mental illness. "I was sort of amazed. They were talking openly about their mental disabilities with a stranger in a swimming locker room, " said Duckworth, "That wouldn't have happened 15 years ago. " New research shows that these swimmers aren't the only ones opening up. According to a new study, more American adults than ever are reporting being disabled by the symptoms of depression, anxiety or other emotional problems. The report, published Thursday in the American Journal of Public Health, found that people who said they couldn't perform everyday tasks or engage in social and leisure activities because of a mental illness increased from 2 percent in 1999 to 2.7 percent in 2009. That increase amounts to nearly 2 million more people disabled by mental distress in the past decade, the report said. Although people did not say they felt more mental distressed compared to past years, they reported that their mental health problems had a greater impact on their daily lives. Dr. Ramin Mojtabai, the study's author, said it's unclear whether the findings tell a sad story of greater mental distress in recent times or point to a victory for public education about the importance of acknowledging and evaluating mental illness. "It is possible that people are realizing the effects of mental illness more acutely now than before," he said. "People could be becoming more aware. " Mojtabai said it's also possible that a number of factors could be taking a toll on the population's mental well-being. High unemployment, economic hardships and a growing sense of isolation could be putting greater stress on Americans. But Duckworth said there could be a more positive explanation -- like his fellow swimmers, people may be getting more comfortable with talking about their mental distress. "I wonder if this tells us that American culture is becoming more open and is giving people the ability to speak about it," he said. "If people have this problem and are willing to acknowledge it, then we're getting closer to dealing with it." Why was Dr. Ken Duckworth surprised when other swimmers talked about the depression with him? | [
"He hadn't expected those swimmers had so many questions.",
"He didn't know there would be so many people suffering mental disabilities.",
"People wouldn't talk about their mental disabilities with a stranger in the past.",
"It amazed him that people were becoming more and more open-hearted."
] | C. People wouldn't talk about their mental disabilities with a stranger in the past. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_27682 | There is a growing problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old televisions, computers, radios, cellular telephones and other electronic equipment. Electronic trash, or e-waste, is piling up faster than ever in American homes and businesses. People do not know what to do with old televisions or computers, so they throw them in the trash. National Solid Wastes Management Association (NSWMA) state programs director Chaz Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans produce is not unexpected. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates more than 400 million consumer electronic items are dumped each year, and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from landfills and create recycling programs. They can be torn apart and sorted for useable parts. Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore, says, "There are a lot of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill, and in certain components, there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill," Fannon explains. Fannon says nearly 20 percent of electronic waste is recycled nationwide. Thirteen years ago, it was only about 6 percent. Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in an effort to keep e-waste poisons like lead and mercury out of garbage dumps. This year, several states like Vermont imposed a ban on electronic waste in landfills. More than 25 other states have also adopted landfill bans, e-waste recycling programs or both. Chaz Miller says more can be done to boost electronic waste recycling. "We can do much better," noted Miller. "I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers." Which of the following does NOT belong to e-waste? | [
"Old televisions.",
"Old computers.",
"Old cell phones",
"Old newspapers."
] | D. Old newspapers. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_30886 | About 6,000doctors in theprefix = st1 /Philippinesare studying to become nurses so they can find higher-paying jobs abroad, Health Secretary Francisco Duque says. This was up from 2,000 doctors who studied to become nurses last year, Duque said. The exodus of doctors and nurses had created a "threatening situation for our health care system" and a task force had been established to examine the potential impact, he said. The team was working on a bill which would require doctors to practice in thePhilippinesfor at least three to four years before they were able to work abroad. "I think the problem really is the migration of doctors. We have so many nurses now, more than enough to fill up(vacancies). But our doctors are leaving," Duque said. A study by the University of thePhilippineshad found that between 2000to 2003 more than 50,000 Filipino nurses went abroad to work. A doctor working in a government hospital in thePhilippinesearns only about 25,000 pesos(446 dollars) a month. A doctor could earn around 8,000dollars a month while working as a nurse overseas. Even lawyers, accountants and engineers are enrolling to brain as nurses. Filipino nurses are in demand in Europe, the United States, the Middle East and even closer to home, such as in Singapore and Japan. However, Health officials have warned the country faces a "medical apocalypse" if it continues to lose its health professionals to jobs abroad. The word "exodus" in Para3 can be probably explained by _ | [
"return of lots of people",
"leave of many people at one time",
"fight between different people",
"exchange of positions between people"
] | B. leave of many people at one time | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_27513 | Biomass energy , often forgotten as promising alternative to oil, received its day in the sun with the gathering of the Bio-Energy World Congress and Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia, late in April, 2007. Nearly 1700 scientists, businessmen and policy-makers, one-quarter from the foreign nations, gathered for a week to discuss various means of squeezing usable energy out of trees, crops, sea plants and urban waste. Biomass energy in the prefix = st1 /United Statescontributes 2.5 percent of the total supply, but this amount can be doubled by 2017 and then doubled again by the year 2027. Eight percent of Sweden's energy supply, for example, is presently coming from wood and pulp remaining. Swedenintends to raise this percentage by more intensive harvesting of waste food lying around in forests, and through the planting of so-called energy forests of fast-growing trees such as willow. Brazilis frequently pointed to as a nation with a major successful investment in energy coming from grains: it presently runs 330,000 automobiles on a water and alcohol mixture, replacing 10 percent of its previous oil supply. Brazilian representatives at the conference said they wish to double this in five years, with a final goal of total replacement. Most of the cars are built at the factory to use the mixture, while older models are changed through low-cost government programs. Which of the following is NOT regarded as biomass energy? | [
"Willow and sea plants.",
"Wood and grains.",
"Water and alcohol mixture.",
"Crops and oil mixture."
] | D. Crops and oil mixture. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_2020 | Students are studying the classifications of stars and they learned that the majority of stars are similar to the Sun. What can the students conclude knowing that most of the stars in the galaxy are like the Sun? | [
"Most of the stars will become black holes.",
"Most of the stars are main sequence stars.",
"Most of the stars are protostars.",
"Most of the stars are red giants."
] | B. Most of the stars are main sequence stars. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_16427 | There are plenty of reasons that have put sea turtles in danger. Here are some. The sea turtles tend to live in water, but the females come over to lands for nesting. This is the time when they are in the most vulnerable position. Their nesting areas have been taken over by human settlements and recreation development. This has forced them to search for areas that are less suitable for nesting. The egg is the first step for a sea turtle to have a chance of life. And this first step of life has become vulnerable in many countries. The sea turtles have no way to protect their eggs. As a result, the poachers have an opportunity to steal their eggs. The sea turtles are caught in shrimping vessels that use nets. The nets can drown these poor creatures. They die, as the nets are not pulled out fast. Gill nets and drilling for oil also _ habitat destruction and injury to the animal. One female sea turtle can lay hundreds of eggs in one nesting season. These eggs are preyed on by crabs , foxes, birds, and humans, as they make their run towards the sea. By the time they reach the shallow water, half of them have been removed by their predators on land and some are eaten up by fish in water. Only a few lucky ones win the battle of survival and live past their 1st birthday! The sea turtles take more than a decade to reach maturity. Then they start breeding and adult turtles have to live for many years to maintain the balance of population. However, as mentioned above, the adults face a lot of hardships for surviving. Pollution, long lines of fishing fleets, high seas, and even tumors, etc., all cause death of these massive, beautiful species. When sea turtles are nesting, probably _ . | [
"they are not afraid of humans",
"they usually hide behind big rocks",
"they don't have anything to protect them",
"they pay no attention to their surroundings"
] | C. they don't have anything to protect them | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_28695 | Throughout time, people have loved music for its ability to transport them into a world of rhythm and melody. Recently more and more hospitals and clinics have been _ the power of music -not only to comfort patients, but to help cure them as well. Welcome to the world of music therapy . After each of the two world wars, musicians visited hospitals and played instruments for injured soldiers suffering from emotional and physical pain. Today's music therapists continue this practice, playing instruments such as guitars and harps to bring comfort to their audiences. Therapist Eric Mammen encourages his patients at a children's hospital to participate with him as he plays. During visits with 13-year-old cancer patient Lawrence Garcia, Mammen encourages Garcia to beat on electric drums while he plays the guitar. The therapy won't cure his cancer, but it does, according to Garcia's mom, take away much of the boy's depression . Music therapy can put patients in better moods and ease the symptoms of depression according to the American Music Therapy Association. Other benefits include relieving pain, calming tension, aiding sleep, reducing worry or fear, and easing muscle tension. Jose Haro personally experienced the benefits of music therapy when he was recovering from heart surgery. During his recovery, he played a piano whose keys lit up, indicating which keys to touch to play along with the background music. Soon he was playing tunes and noticing something strange. "I was searching for my pain." He says of his experience, "but it was gone." While Haro's experience provides an evidence of the power of music to relieve pain, scientific research has proven music also helps patients with Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. In addition, music therapy helps premature babies. Doctors are tapping into a powerful way to teach premature babies that haven't yet learned how to suck. Doctors use a device that comforts the babies by playing music when they suck on a pacifier . Soon the babies learn to suck in return for music, gaining weight faster and going home earlier than those who do not use the device. Even perfectly healthy people are discovering the power of music to calm and heal. Drum circles attract people who find stress relief in beating out rhythms. While music is not a cure-all, it does make life a little easier. From the passage, we know _ . | [
"music can prevent people from suffering from arthritis",
"Garcia found much comfort in music according to his mom",
"musicians cured many soldiers after each of the two world wars",
"the more music they listen to, the faster premature babies gain weight"
] | B. Garcia found much comfort in music according to his mom | mmlu_train |
aquarat_10465 | Matt is touring a nation in which coins are issued in two amounts, 2¢ and 5¢, which are made of iron and copper, respectively. If Matt has ten iron coins and ten copper coins, how many different sums from 1¢ to 70¢ can he make with a combination of his coins? | [
"66",
"67",
"68",
"69",
"70"
] | A. 66 | aquarat |
aquarat_25920 | A GOLF BALL HAS DIAMETER EQUAL TO 4.1CM. ITS SURFACE HAS 150 DIMPLES EACH OF RADIUS 2MM (0.2 CM) .CALCULATE TOTAL SURFACE AREA WHICH IS EXPOSED TO SURROUNDINGS ASSUMING THAT THE DIMPLES ARE HEMISPHERCAL. | [
"81.62cm2",
"71.62cm2",
"61.62cm2",
"51.62cm2",
"41.62cm2"
] | B. 71.62cm2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_76701 | About ten men in every hundred have the trouble of color blindness in some way. Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all ,it is safer to be driven by a woman. There are different kinds of color blindness. For example, a man cannot see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person can't tell the difference between blue and green. Only a few unlucky men may see everything in shades of green-- a strange world indeed. Color blindness in human beings is a different thing to explain. In only one eye there are millions of very small things called "cones " . These help us to see in the bright light and to tell differences between colors. These are also millions of "rods" ,but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shapes but not colors. Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue light will. Human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the help of the cones in our eyes, we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the help of the rods we can see shapes at night. We can attract and kill mosquitoes by using a _ light. | [
"red",
"yellow",
"blue",
"green"
] | C. blue | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_97542 | Sticking your hand in water above 100 degrees Celsius | [
"will freeze your digits",
"will lead to scalded fingers",
"will heal any sores or wounds",
"will lead to frostbite"
] | B. will lead to scalded fingers | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98814 | To make hydropower you need | [
"to burn fossil fuels",
"to stop or slow moving water",
"to fill a pool with water",
"to put up windmills"
] | B. to stop or slow moving water | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_46329 | Google is preparing for changes in its privacy policy beginning March 1st. The company says it plans to replace more than 60 separate policies for different products with one main policy. Privacy activists criticized last month's announcement. They are concerned that the new policy will make it easier to track the activities of users across Google's many products -- from Gmail to YouTube. Marc Rotenberg heads the Electronic Privacy Information Center in Washington. He says Google's aim is to create a single unified profile of its users. "We believe that not only is that a threat to privacy, we actually believe it is illegal, because last year Google entered into an agreement with the US Federal Trade Commission in which they said they would not engage in that kind of data sharing without the permission of their users." Google says its new policy will make it simpler for users to share information across services like Google Search, Gmail and Google Calendar. And it says the new policy will help personalize each user's experience. Over time, it says, users can expect to see better search results, fewer unwanted advertisements and more content targeted to their interests. But Marc Rotenberg says in return, people who choose to use Google will lose control over the information they share. "The type of information you might provide for an e-mail service, for example, such as your address book, which contains private information, is different from the type of information that you might provide for a social network service where people purposely make information publicly available to their friends." Mr. Rotenberg says these two kinds of services should be kept separate. "By trying to combine these two services, in our view, Google is actually undermining a very well established expectation of privacy, especially for popular Internet services like electronic mail." Critics also see a bigger problem with Google's new policy. The plan would not give users a choice to drop out of the data sharing. "In our view, if people want to make their potential information available, they certainly should have the right to do that. What we are objecting to is the effort by the company to take away from the users that choice that they should have. That just seems unfair." Google says it will not be collecting any more data than it does now. And it says users will still be able to control many privacy settings. For example, they can disable their search history and set Gmail chat to "off the record." European Union officials have asked the company to delay the new policy to make sure it would not violate any EU data protection laws. Marc Rotenberg thinks the Federal Trade Commission in Washington might also try to block the new policy. What's Google's purpose to change its privacy policy according to Marc Rotenberg? | [
"To serve its users better.",
"To make it easier for their work",
"To personalize each user's experience",
"To build up a unified profile of its users"
] | D. To build up a unified profile of its users | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_2146 | A particular organism is able to survive in an environment due to a thick layer of fat beneath its skin. In which situation would the layer of fat most likely be a survival advantage? | [
"swimming in arctic waters",
"eating large amounts of fish",
"being preyed upon by other animals",
"living in an environment with high temperatures"
] | A. swimming in arctic waters | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_60718 | Researchers have announced the result of two studies on the health effects of the drug aspirin.One study shows aspirin can sharply reduce the chance that a healthy, older man will suffer from a heart attack. The study offered two new results from earlier findings, It said taking one aspirin pili every other day helped only healthy men over the age of fifty.It also said aspirin gave the greatest protection against heart attacks to men with low blood cholesterol levels. Earlier in the United States began a major aspirin study in the early 1980s.It included 22,000 healthy men doctors.Ail were between the ages of forty and eighty-four.More than 11,000 of the doctors took a harmless pill that contained no drug.The men did not know which kind of pill they were taking. The doctors who took aspirin suffered 44% fewer heart attacks than those taking the harmless pill.139 men who took aspirin suffered from heart attacks.Ten of them died.239 men who did not take aspirin suffered from heart attacks.Twenty-six of them died. The researchers said the doctors' study provides clear proof that taking aspirin can prevent a first heart attack in healthy, older men.They said, however, the result does not mean every man over the mage of fifty should take aspirin.They said aspirin couldn't help men who do not eat healthy foods, who smoke cigarettes and who are fat.The researchers said men who think they wou3d be helped by taking aspirin should talk with their doctors first. We may learn that the new use of aspirin is _ . | [
"to treat heart disease",
"to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men",
"to protect old men",
"to reduce the blood cholesterol levels"
] | B. to reduce the chance of a heart attack in old men | mmlu_train |
aquarat_19355 | The length of a rectangle is two - fifths of the radius of a circle. The radius of the circle is equal to the side of the square, whose area is 625 sq.units. What is the area (in sq.units) of the rectangle if the rectangle if the breadth is 8 units? | [
"140 sq.units",
"158 sq.units",
"187 sq.units",
"80 sq.units",
"815 sq.units"
] | D. 80 sq.units | aquarat |
mmlu_train_41898 | Here's a new warning from health experts: sitting is deadly. Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods, even if you exercise regularly, could be bad for your health. And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place--in the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV. Just the overall number of hours it takes matters. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die. While health officials have issued guidelines advising on the least amounts of physical activities, they haven't suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position. "After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals," said Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences. She explained that genes controlling the amount of glucose and fat in the body start to shut down. Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day but still spend a lot of time sitting might get more benefits if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single hour. Still in a study that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, whether they exercised or not. Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to _ those effects. People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits," Ekblom-Bak said. "And when they're in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible." In the opinion of Ekblom-Bak, when at work, you'd better have a rest by _ . | [
"taking a walk around your office",
"chatting online or playing computer games",
"sending your friends emails",
"listening to music while sitting"
] | A. taking a walk around your office | mmlu_train |
aquarat_51290 | At what rate percent of simple interest will a sum of money double itself in 12 years? | [
"8 1/8",
"8 1/3",
"8 1/0",
"8 1/2",
"8 1/1"
] | B. 8 1/3 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_97111 | Energy will be expended for | [
"a monkey with a puncture wound to get better",
"pencils to lay flat on a desk",
"paper to flutter around",
"a flower to lay dormant"
] | A. a monkey with a puncture wound to get better | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_95259 | When a person gets hurt physically, the person feels pain because there are | [
"magic receptors",
"electric reactions",
"making nervous",
"loud nerves"
] | B. electric reactions | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_38783 | Fish contains lost of omega-3 fatty acids.These fatty acids have been shown to help prevent heart disease,lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of strokes.Researchers suggest that these benefits of eating fish far outweigh the risks of getting sick from contaminated fish. Ongoing studies find that omega-3 fatty acids work magic on the brain too.Pregnant? Go out and eat fish! One study tracked a group of expectant women who ate more than 340 grams of fish per week.It turns out they gave birth to children who,years later,scored really high on IQ tests. How can you add fish to your diet? One way to begin is by replacing meat with fish in one meal a week.Instead of frying,which retains more fat,try boiling your fish in an oven or grilling it outdoors.And don't be afraid to spice up your fish.Garlic,herbs other spices can add wonderful flavors to fish. For lighter meals,keep a few cans of tuna or other fish on hand at all times.They're great for making tasty sandwiches or fish burgers.If you get hungry in the middle of the morning or afternoon,try tuna on crackers.It's hard to find a better snack.And parents,be sure to introduce fish to your children.It's important for them to get used to eating it at a young age. What does the writer point out about the women in the study group? | [
"They cooked for their husbands.",
"They were going to have babies.",
"They grew their own vegetables.",
"They lived with elderly parents."
] | B. They were going to have babies. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_31887 | SALT LAKE CITY, March 1, 2010 --- Like silkworm moths , butterflies and spiders, caddisfly larvae spin silk, but they do so underwater instead of on dry land. Now, University of Utah researchers have discovered why the fly's silk is sticky when wet and how that may make it valuable as an adhesive tape during an operation. "Silk from caddisfly larvae may be useful some day as a medical adhesive for sticking wet tissues," says Russell Stewart, an associate professor of bioengineering and principal author of a new study of the fly silk's chemical and structural properties. "I picture it as sort of a wet Band-Aid, maybe used inside in operations --- like using a piece of tape to close a cut," he adds. "Gluing things together underwater is not easy. Have you ever tried to put a Band-Aid on in the shower? This insect has been doing this for 150 million to 200 million years." There are thousands of caddisfly species worldwide. Some species spend their larval stages developing underwater, and build an inch-long, tube-shaped case or shelter around themselves using sticky silk and grains of rock or sand. Other species use silk, small sticks and pieces of leaves. Each larva has a head and four legs that stick out from the tube.The larval case gets wider as the larva grows.A caddisfly larva eventually pupates as it develops into an adult fly and then hatches. Caddisflies now live around the world in waters ranging from fast streams to quiet low lying wet land. The caddisflies'adaptation to diverse habitats is largely due to the inventive use by their larva of underwater silk to build complex structures for protection and food gathering. Caddisflies fall into two groups. Some build their case and then drag it along with them underwater as they search for food. Some build a shelter glued to a rock,with a silk net to catch passing food. The author mentioned "Band-Aid" in the passge to show _ . | [
"Band-Aids are very useful",
"Band-Aids can't be used in operations.",
"it's not easy for caddisfly larvae to live underwater",
"silk from caddisfly larvae has an advantage over BandAids"
] | D. silk from caddisfly larvae has an advantage over BandAids | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_962 | Some events on Earth happen instantly while others take thousands of years to occur. Which process takes the longest time to complete? | [
"rivers rising due to storms and floods",
"evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant",
"weathering of a rock to form small rocks and sand",
"movement of small pieces of rock by flowing water"
] | C. weathering of a rock to form small rocks and sand | arc_easy |
aquarat_50885 | A rectangular wall is covered entirely with two kinds of decorative tiles: regular and jumbo. 1/3 of the tiles are jumbo tiles, which have a length three times that of regular tiles and have the same ratio of length to width as the regular tiles. If regular tiles cover 60 square feet of the wall, and no tiles overlap, what is the area of the entire wall? | [
"160",
"240",
"330",
"440",
"560"
] | C. 330 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_52799 | Bigger-brained birds survive better than their feathered friends with smaller brains, according to a study published on Tuesday. Scientists have suspected that birds with large brains in relation to their body size lived longer because they were able to adapt their behavior to environmental challenges. Now they have provided evidence that it does. "We have tested the hypothesis that the brain can buffer animals against the environment and help them to survive when they face environmental challenges," said Daniel Sol of the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications in Barcelona, Spain. After comparing death rates, brain size and body mass of 236 species of birds from different regions of the world, Sol and scientists in Britain, Hungary and Canada discovered that the bigger the brain the better. Crows and parrots have the largest brains, while pheasants have a relatively small brain. Earlier studies have shown there is a relationship between the size of the brain and an animal's capacity to create new behavior and adapt more easily. "The idea is that if you have a big brain, you are more capable of adjusting behavior and responding to environmental changes. This can help you to survive," said Sol, who reported the finding in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Tamas Szekely of the University of Bath in England and a co-author of the report, said birds were ideal to test the hypothesis because they are the only species in which brain size and behavioral response to environmental challenges such as climate and habitat destruction is understood. According to the text we can know that the report of the finding was written by _ . | [
"Daniel Sol",
"Tamas Szekely",
"Daniel Sol and Tamas Szekely",
"someone whose name was not mentioned"
] | C. Daniel Sol and Tamas Szekely | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_56197 | Most families love home cooking! The food tastes good and warm, and a family meal brings everyone together.In some families, meals are often the only times everyone sees one another the same time. Another reason people enjoy home cooking is that it is often a way of showing love.A parent who makes some cookies is not just satisfying a child's sweet tooth. She or he is sending a message.The message says, "I care about you enough to spend an hour making cooking that you will eat up in 15 minutes if I let you." There is also something about the smell of home cooking.The smell of home cooking pleases people of all ages.It makes most of us feel good and loved----- even if we are the ones doing the cooking! Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay attention to your mood . Why do fewer people cook now? | [
"They have no time.",
"Many people are too busy.",
"Many people don't like cooking",
"They don't like family meals."
] | B. Many people are too busy. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_43232 | A can do a piece of work in 4 hours . A and C together can do it in just 2 hours, while B and C together need 3 hours to finish the same work. B alone can complete the work in --- hours. | [
"10",
"12",
"14",
"16",
"18"
] | B. 12 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_60267 | New York City was dealing with a growing public health threat Sunday after tests confirmed that eight students at a private Catholic high school had contracted the same strain( type ) of the swine flu that has ravaged Mexico. Some of the school's students had visited Cancun on a spring break trip two weeks ago. Officials reported 68 U.S. cases of swine flu in five states so far, with the latest in Ohio and New York. Unlike in Mexico, cases in the United State have been mild and U.S. health authorities can't yet explain why. In New York City, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed that there were 45 cases, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said. About 100 students at St. Francis Preparatory School complained of flu-like symptoms; further tests will determine how many of those cases are swine flu. St. Francis is the largest private Catholic high school in the nation, with 2,700 students. The school canceled classes on Monday and Tuesday in response to the outbreak. Bloomberg stressed that the New York cases were mild and many are recovering, but said that some family members of students also had flu symptoms. In Mexico, health officials say a strain of swine flu has killed up to 160 people and sickened over 2,000. New York officials said the flu strain discovered in the patients here is the same strain as in Mexico, though all the New York cases are mild. Swine flu is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A flu viruses. Human cases are uncommon but can occur in people who are around pigs. It also can be spread from person to person. Symptoms include a high fever, body aches, coughing, sore throat and respiratory congestion . Which is the main idea of the article? | [
"Swine flu is spreading quickly globally.",
"Swine flu is confirmed in New York City.",
"How does swine flu spread?",
"Many people died of swine flu in Mexico."
] | B. Swine flu is confirmed in New York City. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_9855 | John must arrange 3 different physics books and 3 different mathematics books on one shelf. If the first book on the leftmost side is a mathematics book and no physics book is next to another physics book. How many different arrangements exist? | [
"6",
"9",
"36",
"120",
"720"
] | C. 36 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_33550 | Flickering lights are annoying but they may have an advantage. Visible light communication (VLC) uses rapid pluses of light to transmit information wirelessly. Now it may be ready to compete with conventional Wi-fi. In a recent TED talk, Harald Hasas from the University of Edinburge,UK demonstrated one VLC prototype ,"Li-Fi", transmitting a video from a store-bought LED lamp to a solar cell to a laptop. "Li-Fi is essentially the same as Wi-Fi,except for a small difference- we use LED lights around us to transmit the data wirelessly as opposed to using radio," Haas says. Once established, VLC could solve some major communication problems. In 2009, the US Federal Communications Commission(FCC) warned of spectrum crisis: because our mobile devices are so data- hungry we will soon run out of radio-frequency bandwidth.Li-Fi could free up bandwidth, especially as much of the infrastructure is already in place."There are around14 billion light bulbs worldwide, they just need to replaced with LED ones that transmit data", says Haas. The idea of transmitting data through the visible light spectrum is not new.Alexander Graham Bell transmitted sound via a beam of sunlight in 1880 using a photo phone, a sort of solar-powered wireless telephone. In the past several decades, a number of researchers have looked at using visible light to transmit data. But what Haas seized on is the use of simple LED light bulbs for data transmission. LED bulbs are controlled by a driver, which can rapidly di the light or turn it on or off. Therefore, Haas figured, data could be encoded in subtle shifts of the light's brightness. Eventually, he creaded a working transmitter and receiver system with an IKEA lamp and a solar panel. Li-Fi stands to be much faster than Wi-Fi. According to Haas research, Li-Fi can achieve data density 1000 times greater than Wi-Fi,because Li-Fi signals are contained in a small area, as opposed to the more diffuse ,radio signals.The system wouldn't mean having to keep your lights on all the time either, Haas says---bulbs could be dimmed to such a point that they appear off, but still transmit data. Now, Haas' team hopes that Li-Fi could make its way into homes in a few years. The system can easily network any device with an LED light--an electric kettle, an oven. Eventually, this could bring about the Internet of Things era much faster. Haas also sees Li-Fi as a way to bring internet to remote location, using hilltop transmitters and rooftop solar panels. LED streetlights could even be used to form a network of outdoor Li-Fi, making it possible to stay connected when walking around the city. But some sound a cautious note about VLC's future. It becomes less powerful , for example,when light is blocked, wheather due to fog or other conditions. By saying "There are around14 billion light bulbs worldwide"Haas intended to tell us that _ | [
"mobile devices will consume more data",
"radio-frequency bandwidth needs to be freed up.",
"VLC might solve the spectum crisis.",
"the world has a complete lighting infrastructure."
] | C. VLC might solve the spectum crisis. | mmlu_train |
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