id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_train_2506 | Which substance should a student apply to the skin if he or she gets splashed with an acid? | [
"water",
"vinegar",
"salt",
"formaldehyde"
] | A. water | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_83202 | Did you sleep the day away on March 21? Well, you should have done that because it was World Sleeping Day. This is the one day of the year when people around the world care about their sleep and ask themselves a lot of questions about sleep. Why do we need sleep? Nobody as yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally sickness. Different people need different amounts of sleep. Eight hours a night is considered the average amount of sleep. For teenagers the least number of sleeping hours advised by doctors are ten hours for primary school students, nine for junior highs and eight for senior highs. Some people seem to get along just fine with very little sleep at night. Leading American scientist Thomas Edison said that sleep was a waste of time. He did, however, take naps during the day. On the other hand, Albert Einstein, another great scientist, said he needed at least ten hours' sleep a night. Here are some of the most useful suggestions, for a good night's sleep. Go to bed regularly. Use your bed only to sleep. Don't exercise in the evening. Keep the bedroom dark and quiet. Drink a glass of milk before sleep. For primary school students, _ hours' sleep is the least. | [
"Eight",
"Nine",
"Ten",
"Eleven"
] | C. Ten | mmlu_train |
aquarat_11323 | Find the number of shares that can be bought for Rs.8200 if the market value is Rs.20 each with brokerage being 2.5%. | [
"237",
"270",
"177",
"166",
"111"
] | C. 177 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_24803 | Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression , research suggests. What's more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found. Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food,which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish,and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat,refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets. Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58% higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods. Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high. Dr.Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health. He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars. What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said? | [
"It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet.",
"The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world.",
"Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before.",
"The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression."
] | A. It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_97549 | The bear in the wild needs to find other animals to feast. | [
"they are killers",
"they only eat",
"they never kill",
"they are docile"
] | A. they are killers | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_52010 | American government suggests that children and teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity every day. But less than half of children and just 10% of teens meet these suggestions. What's the deal? It's reported that about 44million US kids participate in organized sports(such as baseball, softball, soccer).But a new study says just one-quarter of kids get the government-recommended amount of exercise when they show up for team practices. The study, published online last month in a medical journal, says younger kids and boys do better than teens and girls. The study looked at 200 kids aged 7 to 14 who played on soccer, baseball and softball teams. The kids wore sensors to measure their activity during practices. During each practice, kids averaged 30 minutes of downtime . "It is not clear how much physical activity is provided by youth sports practices," say the California-based authors of the study. "Much of the time may be inactive, such as receiving verbal instructions and waiting for turns." What's a parent or coach--or kid--to do? The authors of the study suggest increasing the number of practices, _ the time of practices and changing it up during practices. For example, the coach could give each player a ball at the same time. Rather than focusing on one player's skills, it's best to get the whole team moving. But, the study says, the bottom line is that team sports aren't enough exercise. For a child to meet the US physical activity suggestions, the kid will have to do more than just join a team. Exercise is also necessary during breaks, during physical education class, after school and even on the way to school. The passage is probably written for _ . | [
"physical teachers and parents",
"doctors and nurses",
"class advisers and researchers",
"kids and headmasters"
] | A. physical teachers and parents | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_2122 | Many processes on Earth occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries. Which geological events are most common along tectonic plate boundaries? | [
"erosion and deposition",
"hurricanes and tornadoes",
"earthquakes and volcanoes",
"tidal waves and sedimentation"
] | C. earthquakes and volcanoes | arc_easy |
aquarat_31937 | Subtracting 6% of A from A is equivalent to multiplying A by how much ? | [
"0.94",
"9.4",
"0.094",
"94",
"None"
] | A. 0.94 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_22688 | They are most likely to be healthy, wealthy and wise, according to the old saying. But those who are early to bed and early to rise do not always have the upper hand, researchers say. They have revealed that night owls are generally brighter and wealthier than those able to get up early in the morning. 1 Experts from the University of Madrid carried out tests on around 1,000 teenagers and found that those who preferred to stay up late demonstrated the kind of intelligence associated with honored jobs and higher incomes. 2 The researchers examined the habits and body clocks of the youngsters to determine whether they liked to stay up late and sleep in later in the morning, or preferred to go to bed early and were at their peak in the morning. 3 School performance and inductive intelligence, or problem solving, were measured and academic grades in the major subjects were also taken into account. The results showed that evening types scored higher than morning types on inductive reasoning, which has been shown to be a good estimate of general intelligence and a strong indicator of academic performance. 4 They also had a greater capacity to think conceptually as well as analytically. Such abilities have been linked to innovative thinking, more admired occupations and better incomes. Famous night owls include President Obama, Charles Darwin, Winston Churchill, Keith Richards and Elvis Presley. George W Bush, who is regularly in bed by 10pm, Thomas Edison, Napoleon, Condoleezza Rice, who wakes at 4.30am, and Ernest Hemingway are among those known as larks . Jim Horne, professor of psychophysiology at Loughborough University, said: 'Evening types tend to be the more active and creative types, the poets, artists and inventors, while the morning types are the deducers , as often seen with civil servants and accountants.' A previous study of US Air Force recruits found evening types were much better at thinking laterally to solve problems than larks. The following features belong to night owls except that _ . | [
"Night owls are much healthier, wealthier and wiser",
"Night owls have a strong ability to reason logically",
"Night owls are expert in analyzing and innovative thinking",
"Night owls stay up late and sleep in later in the morning"
] | A. Night owls are much healthier, wealthier and wiser | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_14598 | Some people can stay up all night and still get work done the next day. I'm not one of them. After a night without enough sleep, I feel bad-tempered. I have trouble remembering things. And all I want to do is go to bed. How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork or the day after an overnight party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes. New research suggests that a gene called "period 3" influences how well you function without sleep. The "period 3" gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you. Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of "period 3". Study participants had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers. Results showed that the people with the short form of "period 3" performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning. After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests (those with the short form of "period 3") took about 18 minutes to nod off. While people with the long "period 3" gene fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time on deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working in top form. I think I must have the long form of "period 3". What about you? What kind of people need less sleep according to the research? | [
"Those with two long copies of the gene.",
"Those with two short copies of the gene.",
"Those with one short and one long copy of the gene.",
"Those with three short copies of the gene."
] | B. Those with two short copies of the gene. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93519 | Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans? | [
"Insects can spread diseases.",
"Insects have short life spans.",
"Insects pollinate flowering plants.",
"Insects sometimes eat poisonous plants."
] | C. Insects pollinate flowering plants. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_944 | In which environment would a white rabbit be best protected from predators? | [
"a shady forest",
"a snowy field",
"a grassy lawn",
"a muddy riverbank"
] | B. a snowy field | arc_easy |
aquarat_2000 | Two trains 141 meters and 165 meters in length respectively are running in opposite directions, one at the rate of 80 km and the other at the rate of 65 kmph. In what time will they be completely clear of each other from the moment they meet? | [
"7.18",
"7.12",
"7.43",
"7.59",
"7.71"
] | D. 7.59 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_62 | Which of these is an example of liquid water? | [
"Frost",
"Ice",
"Rain",
"Steam"
] | C. Rain | arc_challenge |
aquarat_24396 | The measurement of a rectangular box with lid is 25cmx6cmx18cm. Find the volume of the largest sphere that can be inscribed in the box (in terms of πcm3). (Hint: The lowest measure of rectangular box represents the diameter of the largest sphere) | [
"288",
"48",
"36",
"864",
"964"
] | C. 36 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_93215 | The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from | [
"soil",
"food",
"sunlight",
"water"
] | B. food | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_710 | If a fox and an eagle eat some of the same organisms in an ecosystem, the relationship between the fox and the eagle could be classified as | [
"competition.",
"mutualism.",
"predation.",
"parasitism."
] | A. competition. | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_150 | In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved? | [
"matter and total energy",
"light and acoustic energy",
"density and thermal energy",
"gravity and potential energy"
] | A. matter and total energy | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1063 | Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides? | [
"broccoli",
"potatoes",
"cheese",
"fish"
] | B. potatoes | arc_easy |
aquarat_34153 | The perimeter of one face of a cube is 28 cm. Its volume will be: | [
"125cm3",
"343cm3",
"250cm3",
"625cm3",
"None of these"
] | B. 343cm3 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_28506 | American society is not nap -friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, "There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an " _ " which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a ha1f-hour snooze every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a mid afternoon quiet phase," also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift.Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums. The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans _ . | [
"don't like to take naps",
"are terribly worried about their national debt",
"sleep less than is good for them",
"have caused many industrial and traffic accidents"
] | C. sleep less than is good for them | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_12268 | Longman Dictionary with CD-ROM The dictionary is unique because it has been written using the Longman Defining Vocabulary. Only this dictionary uses a defining vocabulary comprised of the 2,000 words that make up the intermediate-level student's most frequent vocabulary. This new edition has been completely updated using Longman's unique, comprehensive database of spoken and written American English. A must for all ESL classrooms. Pronunciation Power New technology to improve your English quickly! Pronunciation Power is a range of user-friendly, interactive CD programs for ESL learners to improve your English pronunciation quickly. It is easy to use for all levels and ages. * New technology that improves your English quickly * User-friendly, interactive program on CD-ROM * All ESL levels: Beginner-intermediate / Intermediate-Advanced * Learn the 52 sounds you need to speak English correctly * See the moving pictures of front and side mouth-views * Hear the instructor speak and record your own voice * FREE delivery worldwide * FREE e-book with all orders Game for ESL Quiz style board game designed for ESL learners. The game contains thousands of questions graded into five levels--from beginner to advanced--with answers included. Level: Beginner to Advanced What does it test and develop? * speaking, listening and reading skills * vocabulary and spelling (British and American) * phrasal verbs and collocation * idioms and proverbs * grammar and usage * general knowledge--history, geography, science, the arts, sports, etc. Talk Now! CD-ROM Course for ESL The "Talk Now!" series is for any language beginner who wants an entertaining self study course to learn basic phrases, such as color1s, numbers, food, shopping, and time. We have been selling this European-produced CD-ROM for a few years and find that it is highly praised by people from all over the world. Designed by language experts, interactive and fun, it is ideal for beginners and travelers. Which of the following statements is NOT true? | [
"The first column is about an American English dictionary.",
"Pronunciation Power and the \"Talk Now!\" are interactive programs.",
"The third column is about a game for ESL.",
"The four products, all with CD-ROM, can improve your English."
] | D. The four products, all with CD-ROM, can improve your English. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_22144 | There have 12 basket,7 red balls and 5 white balls,find the probability of getting at least 1 red ball and 1 blue ball, if 8 balls are to be drawn ? | [
"505",
"495",
"425",
"548",
"525"
] | B. 495 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_49181 | Nowadays, more and more teenagers use smart phones, tablets and other mobile devices more than ever before. And the amount of time they spend on these devices is only likely to increase in the future. But are all these changes good? We sometimes call children who are able to use mobile devices and technology easily digital natives. They can text, email, get Wi-Fi, and download. Some experts say that long periods of time spent chatting to friends online, playing video games and listening to mp3s, for example, may possibly change how their brains work. Then there is the question of privacy. All this online activity creates a digital footprint. Every time we share a photo or a post on social media, and every time we search for something on the Internet, information about our activity is stored somewhere. Our inability to control what happens to our children's digital footprint and their personal privacy has big possibilities. It might become normal for companies to ask their employees for their social media qualifications. We are also becoming more aware that companies and governments may be able to 'listen in' on our communications. So it is important to make our children aware of the possible results of over sharing. Another area where the digital world may have a big effect is in education. One worry is that kids who spend a lot of time online at home are sometimes unable to socialize properly with other children when they are at school. Other experts point out that, when it comes to children and technology, the children are the experts, not the teachers. They say that we should stop seeing online as 'bad' and offline as 'good' and there is evidence of innovative work in some schools. So, do we really need to rescue our children from the dangers of the digital world? All the following may happen to our digital footprints EXCEPT _ | [
"When surfing the Internet, our digital footprints are saved.",
"Some business societies may take advantage of the information.",
"Government may look into our communication through the Internet.",
"Digital pictures may be printed by our computer automatically."
] | D. Digital pictures may be printed by our computer automatically. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_57586 | Many scientists are now exploring the idea of going to live on Mars. Some other scientists from the MASA AMES Center have already started the creation of a "Mars town" and many others are in fact already experimenting with it. Of course, these experiments are done on Earth itself but this "Mars town" has an environment practically like that of Mars. The astronauts working in these towns wear their space suit and also do everything they would really have to carry out if they ever go to Mars in the future. But Mars would be like Earth, a temporary place for humans. When the Sun starts swallowing up the planets, Mars will disappear only hours after Earth. So Mars only seems to be the ideal place to spread the human beings. It is also a good location to send humans if ever there is a disaster on Earth. By saying disaster, I mean asteroids hitting and things like that. If we humans do not want to disappear when Earth or Mars gets swallowed up, we will have to go and live beyond the solar system. But are there any planets outside our solar system prepared to support life? Astronomers' answer is: "If Earth can support life, why can't other planets do the same too? Astronomers have already discovered a Jupiter - like planet _ a Sun-like star, so why not an Earth-like planet orbiting a Sun-like star? To achieve this goal though, many other problems have to be taken into consideration. How do we transform a dusty planet like Mars into one more or less like our Earth? How should we go on? There is still a long way to go. We can know from the passage that astronomers probably think _ | [
"it is impossible to transport humans to other planets.",
"there may be an Earth-like planet outside the solar system",
"humans will move to the new-found Jupiter-like planet",
"there's no need for humans to move beyond the solar system."
] | B. there may be an Earth-like planet outside the solar system | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93614 | Based on analysis of deep ice cores from the Arctic, scientists theorize that early humans caused air pollution. These scientists can make sure their data is correct by | [
"analyzing only melted ice cores.",
"analyzing more than one ice core.",
"comparing their data to the expected results.",
"comparing their data to modern pollution levels."
] | B. analyzing more than one ice core. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_37563 | A survey of employers found that during 1993 employment costs rose 3.5 percent, where employment costs consist of salary costs and fringe-benefit costs. If salary costs rose 3 percent and fringe-benefit costs rose 8.5 percent during 1993, then fringe-benefit costs represented what percent of employment costs at the beginning of 1993 ? | [
"16.5%",
"9%",
"35%",
"55%",
"65%"
] | B. 9% | aquarat |
mmlu_train_27549 | What would you think if someone suggested knocking down St Paul's cathedral to widen the road,or pulling down Big Ben to make way for a car park? It'd be ridiculous,right? But when it comes to devastation of the natural world,we aren't so easily shocked.But we should be...or we'll be in a lot of trouble! _ Ancient forests are destroyed.Wetlands are becoming dry.Woodland is disappearing,all in the name of progress.This is bad in itself,but it's devastating for biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants,animals and other living things which are all inter-connected.The ecological services provided by biodiversity are vital to everyday life.The air we breathe is a product of photosynthesis by green plants.In fact,all life on earth exists thanks to the benefit of biodiversity.More than 90 percent of the calories consumed by people worldwide are produced from 80 plant species.And 30 percent of medicines are developed from plants and animals.Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve all living things. The loss of biodiversity could be devastating."It is wrong to think that biodiversity can be reduced indefinitely without threatening humans," said Harvard University biologist Edward O Wilson,known as "the father of biodiversity".He warned,"We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will be unavoidable." But what can we do? The problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague.People might care about giant pandas,but it is much harder to excite them about the fate of tiny sea creatures which are being boiled to death in the cooling systems of power stations along coastlines.The Guardian newspaper is trying to help.It has started the Biodiversity 100 campaign to try to convince governments around the world to take action to deal with the widespread concerns about biodiversity.This includes persuading the UK government to create a series of marine reserves to change the decrease in the sea-life caused by industrial fishing,stopping fishing sharks by the Japanese fishermen and banning the killing of dingoes in Australia,among many other things. There is a lot to do.And we'd better act quickly if we don't want to end up with a planet that can't support life! Edward O Wilson believes that _ . | [
"it doesn't matter to decrease the biodiversity",
"people have done enough to preserve biodiversity",
"the situation of biodiversity is very serious",
"biodiversity loss has been unavoidable"
] | C. the situation of biodiversity is very serious | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_24304 | Women with an hourglass figure have brains to go with their curves , scientists claim. Going in at the waist is said to be a sign of intelligence which leads to brighter children, too. Women such as Nigella Lawson with a big difference between their waist and hip measurements scored singificantly better in tests than those with thinner, straighter frames. Researchers concluded that it was not necessary for a woman to be skinny--what mattered is that her waist should be smaller than her hips. A ratio of 3:5 was found to be ideal. The study, by the Universities of Pittsburgh and Califrnia, involved 16,000 women and girls. According to the scientists, _ They claim that the fat around curvy hips and thighs holds higher levels of -3 fatty acids which are essential for the growth of the brain during pregnancy . The fat which collects around the waist, however, is more likely to contain -6 fatty acids, which are less suited to brain growth. Reporting in the journal Evolution an Human Behaviour,the researchers found that the children of curvy mothers are more likely to do well in cognitive tests than others. They claim that this could help explain why the children of teenage mothers--who might not yet be physically mature enough to have developed real curves--tend to do less well in school. As well as boosting brainpower, -3 fatty acids found in oily fish are considered to be of huge health benefit. Althoug the study analysed women's bodies only, -3 fatty acids are also stored in men's hips. However, it is not known whether men with wide hips benefit from the same brainpower boost. Suppose the following measurements are taken from four women. Which of them is more likely to have bright children? | [
"Waist:60cm;Hip:100cm",
"Waist:60cm;Hip:80cm",
"Waist:55cm;Hip:60cm",
"Waist:120cm;Hip:110cm"
] | A. Waist:60cm;Hip:100cm | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_28135 | A breathtaking trick potentially left over from our ancestors might be found in us -- the ability to sense oxygen through our skin. Amphibians, animals such as frogs that can live both on land and in water, have long been known to be capable of breathing through their skin. In fact, the first known lungless frog that breathes only through its skin was discovered recently in the rivers of Borneo. Now the same oxygen sensors found in frog skins and in the lungs of mammals have unexpectedly been discovered in the skin of mice. "No one had ever looked," explained Randall Johnson, a biologist researcher. Mice and frogs are quite distant relatives, so the fact they have these molecules in common in their skin suggests they might well be found in the skin of other mammals, such as humans. "We have no reason to think that they are not in the skin of people too," Johnson said. These molecules not only detect oxygen, but help increase levels of vital red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Normal mice breathing in air that is 10 percent oxygen--a dangerously low level similar to conditions at the top of Mount Everest, and about half that of air at sea level. However, mice that had the oxygen sensor HIF-1a genetically removed from their skin failed to produce this hormone even after hours of such low oxygen. These findings, if they hold true in humans, suggest one could raise the level of oxygen circulating inside the body. This could help treat lung diseases and disorders such as anemia without injecting drugs, which make up a multibillion-dollar market, Johnson said. Athletes also often try to get more oxygen delivered to their muscles in order to improve their performance. They often do this by training at high altitudes or in low-oxygen tents. The new study suggests they might want to expose their skin as well as breathing in low-oxygen air to improve their performance. "It's hard to say what exactly might be done, however--there's a lot we don't know yet," Johnson explained. The scientists detailed their findings in the April 18 issue of the journal Cell. What is Johnson's attitude to the application of the findings to the athletes' training? | [
"Hesitating",
"Doubting",
"Positive",
"Negative"
] | C. Positive | mmlu_train |
aquarat_27572 | What approximate value should come in place of (x) in the following question?
139.25 + 223.94 / 4.002 = x | [
"250",
"203",
"200",
"195",
"None of these"
] | D. 195 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_97949 | A live copper wire is touched to anther copper wire end to end | [
"it doubles in length",
"it melts into a puddle",
"a current can reach further",
"it breaks in half"
] | C. a current can reach further | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_988 | Which of these is a renewable resource found in Nevada? | [
"zinc metal",
"gravel deposits",
"petroleum products",
"geothermal energy"
] | D. geothermal energy | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_62508 | Essay is optional and no penalties for wrong answers. These changes will take place in SAT college exam. The changes include the use of some words more commonly used in school and on the job instead of the words such as "prevaricator" and "sagacious". College Board officials said the change is needed to make the exam better representative of what students study in high school and the skills they need to succeed in college and afterward. The new exam will be rolled out in 2016, so this year's ninth graders will be the first to take it, in their junior year. The new SAT will continue to test reading, writing and math skills, with an emphasis on analysis. Scoring will return to a 1,600-point scale last used in 2004, with a separate score for the optional essay. For the first time, students will have the option of taking the test on computers. They also said many students who are terrified they will be tested on lots of SAT words currently can ask for help: practicing with flashcards. They know flashcards are not the best way to build real word knowledge that lasts, but when the SAT rolls around they become the royal road. Students stop reading and start flipping. The essay will be changed in other ways, too. It will measure students' ability to analyze and explain how an author builds an argument and it will also be up to colleges whether the essay will be required. Each exam will include a passage drawn from "founding documents": such as the Declaration of Independence or from discussions they've inspired. Instead of testing a wide range of math concepts, the new exam will focus on a few areas, like algebra, thought to be most needed for college and life afterward. A calculator will be allowed only on certain math questions, instead of on the entire math portion . Jim Rawlins, the director of admissions at the University of Oregon, said the changes will potentially help the students but it will take a few years to know its influence, after the students go on to college. He said some colleges are still dealing with questions about the changes made in 2005, such as how to consider the essay portion. The criticism of the SAT is that students from wealthier families do better on the exam because they can afford expensive test preparation classes. The SAT was taken last year by 1.7 million students. It has historically been more popular on the coasts, while the other main standardized college entrance exam, the ACT, dominated the central U.S. The ACT took over the SAT in total use in 2012, partly because it is taken by almost every junior in 13 states as part of those states' testing scheme . ACT president Jon Erickson said when hearing of the SAT changes, his reaction was that they could've been talking about the ACT now. "I didn't hear anything new and different, so I was a little left wanting, at least at the end of this first announcement," Erickson said . Bob Schaeffer, education director at the National Center for Fair & Open Testing, or FairTest, said it is laudable that the SAT will provide free test preparation, but it is unlikely to make a dent in the market for such preparation. He also said the new test is unlikely to be better than the current one. His organization has a database with institutions that don't require ACT or SAT scores to make admissions decisions. SAT exams will be less required in 2016 with the purpose of _ . | [
"getting more students interested in the entrance exam",
"making it easier for students to be admitted into colleges",
"offering chances for the students to be tested on every subject",
"testing the students better on the knowledge and skills they've learnt"
] | D. testing the students better on the knowledge and skills they've learnt | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93250 | The stages in the life cycle of an organism are shown below. birth -> growth -> development -> reproduction -> death In which life cycle stage will a new organism be made? | [
"growth",
"development",
"reproduction",
"death"
] | C. reproduction | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_70170 | The winter vacation is coming. I don't want to spend more time playing. I decide to work to make money for the next term. But I don't know what work I can do. Now, my mother is writing a book. She is busy and tired. I want to type for her for pay. When I tell her, she is very happy. She agrees to pay me 5 yuan for 1,000 words. But she asks me to do it carefully. It is a hard job for me. I type so slowly that I can type only 800 words a day. But I don't want to give up. I will keep typing all day long. I think I can type faster and faster. I plan to finish the work in two weeks. Then, I will do my winter homework. I begin to know how hard it is to make money. And I really know the meaning of "Where there's a will, there's a way." How many words must he type if he wants to make 15 yuan? | [
"1,000.",
"2,000.",
"3,000.",
"4,000."
] | C. 3,000. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_10487 | A car driver travels from the plains to the hill station, which are 200 km apart at an average speed of 25km/hr. in return trip, he covers the same distance at an average speed of 20km/hr. the average speed of the car over the entire distance of 400 km is | [
"8.95km/hr",
"22.2km/hr",
"27.8km/hr",
"37.9km/hr",
"8.45km/hr"
] | B. 22.2km/hr | aquarat |
aquarat_38205 | Two goods trains each 500 m long are running in opposite directions on parallel tracks. Their speeds are 42 km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively. Find the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the faster one? | [
"22",
"27",
"50",
"99",
"12"
] | C. 50 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_585 | Estuaries are called "the nurseries of the sea" because many species lay eggs and develop their young in estuaries. Which two features of estuaries support this role most? | [
"concentrated nutrients and a steep salt gradient",
"abundant shelter and concentrated nutrients",
"a steep salt gradient and shallow water",
"shallow water and abundant shelter"
] | B. abundant shelter and concentrated nutrients | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_2002 | Ninety-nine percent of the mass of an atom is located in | [
"the outermost energy level.",
"the first energy level.",
"the electron clouds.",
"the nucleus."
] | D. the nucleus. | arc_easy |
aquarat_42988 | John had a stock of 800 books in his bookshop. He sold 62 on Monday, 62 on Tuesday, 60 on Wednesday, 48 on Thursday and 40 on Friday. What percentage of the books were not sold? | [
"78%",
"66%",
"62%",
"64%",
"60%"
] | B. 66% | aquarat |
arc_easy_586 | Why do planets stay in orbit around the Sun? | [
"attraction of gravity",
"effect of inertia",
"frictional force",
"rotational force"
] | A. attraction of gravity | arc_easy |
aquarat_14633 | A circular well with a diameter of 2 metres , is dug to a depth of 10 metres. What is the volume of the earth dug out? | [
"32 m3",
"31.4 m3",
"40 m3",
"44 m3",
"None"
] | B. 31.4 m3 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_53680 | A Chinese space capsule carrying three crew members has returned to Earth following a 13-day mission . Images of the capsule landing in Inner Mongolia at 10:05 local time were shown live on television. The astronauts, including China's first woman in space, carried out a successful manual docking with the Tiangong-1 laboratory module. This is a key step towards China's goal of building a space station by 2020. Premier Wen Jiabao praised it as a "complete success". "This is another outstanding contribution by the Chinese people to humanity's efforts to explore and use space," Mr Wen said in Beijing. "It feels so good to stand on Earth, and it feels even better to be home," astronaut Liu Wang was quoted by national broadcaster CCTV as saying. "Tiangong-1, our home in space, was comfortable and pleasant. We're very proud of our nation, " female astronaut Liu Yang said. The crew of the Shenzhou-9 craft successfully carried out the country's manual docking operation earlier in the week. The delicate procedure, which involved bringing together two orbiting objects travelling at thousands of miles an hour, was mastered by USSR and US space teams in the 1960s. The crew also carried out automatic docking of the two crafts in the process. The three astronauts returned to the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft on Thursday and performed a manual separation from the space laboratory. They touched down in Inner Mongolia's Siziwang county on Friday, with the capsule equipped with a parachute to slow its approach. Ms Liu, 33, is a major in China's air force from the central province of Henan. On China's Tencent QQ messaging service, she goes by the name "little Flying knight". She was selected into China's space programme only two years ago, but she did particularly well, the official news agency Xinhua says. The Shenzhou-9 spacecraft was launched on 16 June. What can be the best title for the text? | [
"A successful Space Travel",
"Tiangong-1, Special Home in Space",
"Liu Yang, China's First Woman in Space",
"China's Shouzhou-9 Spacecraft Returns to Earth"
] | D. China's Shouzhou-9 Spacecraft Returns to Earth | mmlu_train |
aquarat_31275 | P and Q had the same number of candies. P gave Q 16 candies so that now Q has five times as many candies as P has. How many candies does Q have now? | [
"25",
"30",
"35",
"40",
"45"
] | D. 40 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_95854 | When eagles are hunting in a field, some of their nutrients come from | [
"beans",
"fish",
"deer",
"rodents"
] | D. rodents | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_75299 | Good morning! I am an English boy. My name is Frank Smith. My telephone number is 451-3175.My pen is blue, and my ruler is white. The girl is Grace Brown. Grace is a nice girl. Her telephone number is 535-9861. Her pen is black, and her ruler is red. Grace and I both like numbers. Numbers are interesting. Frank's phone number is _ . | [
"451-3175",
"535-9861",
"415-3175",
"553-9861"
] | A. 451-3175 | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_397 | The attachment of methyl radicals to genes helps regulate which property? | [
"information genes store",
"mode of gene inheritance",
"gene expression",
"gene coding system"
] | D. gene coding system | arc_challenge |
aquarat_17696 | A walks at 10 kmph and 3 hours after his start, B cycles after him at 20 kmph. How far from the start does B catch up with A? | [
"100km",
"150km",
"60km",
"120km",
"200km"
] | C. 60km | aquarat |
aquarat_16083 | The profit earned by selling an article for 852 is equal to the loss incurred when the same article is sold for 448. What should be the sale price of the article for making 50 per cent profit? | [
"960",
"975",
"1,200",
"920",
"None of these"
] | B. 975 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_75028 | Alice: Good morning, Bob. Bob: Good morning, Alice. Alice: Bob, this is Grace. Bob: Hi, Grace. Grace: Hi, Bob. Alice: Oh, what is that? Bob: It's my green key. Alice: What's this? Bob: It is a ruler. Alice: Is it your ruler? Bob: No. My ruler is red. This ruler is blue. Alice: Grace, is it your ruler? Grace: Oh no. It is Frank's ruler. Alice:40 . The ruler is _ . | [
"Alice's",
"Bob's",
"Grace's",
"Frank's"
] | D. Frank's | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1137 | Which group of organisms can make food by a process called chemosynthesis? | [
"scavengers",
"producers",
"consumers",
"decomposers"
] | B. producers | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_93099 | Which cell part is correctly paired with its function? | [
"nucleus-controls cell activities",
"chloroplast-outside boundary of plant cells",
"cell wall-controls what goes in and out of cells",
"cell membrane-where photosynthesis takes place"
] | A. nucleus-controls cell activities | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_959 | When liquid water freezes, it forms ice. What is the physical state of an ice cube? | [
"gas",
"solid",
"liquid",
"plasma"
] | B. solid | arc_easy |
aquarat_17038 | A boatman goes 2 km against the current of the stream in 1 hour and goes 1 km along the current in 12 minutes. How long will it take to go 5 km in stationary water? | [
"40 minutes",
"1 hour",
"1 hour 25 min",
"1 hour 30 min",
"1 hour 10 min"
] | C. 1 hour 25 min | aquarat |
aquarat_43947 | The sum an integer N and its reciprocal is equal to 78/15. What is the value of N? | [
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7"
] | C. 5 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_15218 | If you remember taking class notes in longhand , there's a good chance you also remember more about a variety of topics than today's students do. A study investigated whether taking notes by hand helps you learn better than taking notes on a laptop. It was no contest. Study authors and psychologists Pam A. Mueller of Princeton University and Daniel M. Oppenheimer of the University of California- Los Angeles conducted three separate experiments involving a total of 327 students. All students got the same lectures, but some used laptops, and others took notes by hand. When it came to learning the concepts, the handwriters won. When it came to retrieving facts, the groups were comparable, except when given time to go home and look at their notes, at which point the handwriters did better. "Even when allowed to reviewnotes after a week's delay, participants who had taken notes with laptops performed worse on tests of both factual content and conceptual understanding," the study states. Learning suffered not because of "multitasking" or the distraction available to students using Wi-Fi- enabled laptops. In the lab, scientists allowed no extraneous activity. Students who paid attention and took deep notes on their laptop still didn't learn as well--in fact, the study suggests the thoroughness of their notes contributes to the problem. Laptop users tend to record long, _ quotes, which they type mindlessly. Handwriters are more selective. They "wrote significantly fewer words than those who typed," according to the study. By processing and selecting the more important information, they studied more efficiently, said researchers. Here's what's a bit frightening: When the laptop students were instructed to cut down or eliminate the verbatim note taking, they couldn't. The study adds to a ton of evidence that for learning, writing is better and that the hand has a "unique relationship with the brain when it comes to composing thoughts and ideas." Of course, the chance of persuading students to put away their laptops is probably zero. Many of them can't write longhand, a forgotten subject in many American schools, itself a source of controversy. So are we stuck with traditional classrooms and learning techniques if we want the brightest pupils? Perhaps not: Another possibility, some have suggested, is apps that permit handwriting on tablets, a compromise that students might accept. The passage is most likely to be taken from _ . | [
"National Geography",
"The Economist",
"Psychological Science",
"Wall Street Journal"
] | C. Psychological Science | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_72599 | Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way? While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach the place that we are going to. So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut-eye. They would have to sleep for years. European researchers are now doing hibernation experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a space flight to distant planets. "If there was an effective technology, it could make deep-space travel come true," said Mark Ayer of the European Space Agency last month. What seems like science fiction is not completely impossible. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don't age. They have now moved on to small, non-hibernating mammals like rats. The results will be out soon. A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, but body organs are far more complex . "It's like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer," said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy's University of Pavia. Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person's metabolism to lower so they would need less energy. Medical research, however, is just half of a space flight hibernation system. There is the challenge of designing a suitable protective place to live. Such a place would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator. According to Ayer, the six-person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission to Jupiter's moon Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six humans on a five-year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045. , . What's the best title for the passage? | [
"Hibernation study for space travel",
"Welcome to our space travel",
"To hibernate, to live longer",
"Welcome to the Milky Way"
] | A. Hibernation study for space travel | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_7567 | Blue-eyed people have been living in Europe for at least 7,000 years, scientists have discovered. A man who lived on the Iberian Peninsula before Europeans became farmers probably had blue eyes but dark hair and skin, according to scientists who have sequenced his DNA. This surprising combination of eye, hair and skin color1ing may not have been unusual during his lifetime, but it is no longer seen among modern Europeans, reported by the journal Nature. The man, a Neolithic hunter-gatherer known to scientists as La BranaI, is of great interest to scientists because he offers a snapshot of what was in Europeans' DNA before agriculture spread through the continent. Experts have theorized that certain genetic feature spread quickly among humans after they adopted the farming lifestyle. La BranaI shows that at least some of their predictions were correct. The man's skeleton, along with that of a male companion, was discovered in 2006 in a cave in what is now northeastern Spain. The site, known as La Brana-Arintero, sits about 5,000 feet above sea level, and the cave provided a cold, refrigerator-like environment that preserved his DNA. In the lab, scientists were able to remove enough DNA from a single tooth to reconstruct La BranaI's entire genome . They compared it to the DNA of other ancient Europeans (including Otzi, the 5, 300-year-old mummy found in an Alpine glacier) and determined that he was a closer match with hunter-gatherers than with farmers. When it came to genes that would influence La BranaI's appearance, the researchers found that their 7,OOO-year-old subject had versions of two skin pigment genes that are either very rare or nonexistent among Europeans today. Then they looked at other places in the genome that influence pigmentation and found a mix of ancient and modern gene variants . Taken together, La BranaI's DNA "is likely to have resulted in dark skin pigmentation and dark or brown hair," they wrote. However, his DNA indicates that his eyes were most likely blue, the scientists found.This suggests that gene variants for light-color1ed eyes and skin did not spread together, they wrote, adding that La BranaI's combination "of dark skin and non-brown eyes is unique and no longer present in contemporary European populations. " Today, a blue-eyed person would typically have fair skin. To get some idea of whether La BranaI's color1ing was unusual for his day, the researchers will try to sequence the DNA of his companion, who has been named La BranaII. La BranaI remains as it was due to_. | [
"dry weather",
"a cold condition",
"proper protection",
"a high cave"
] | B. a cold condition | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_37159 | One of the tough things about being a high school student is that you never seem to get enough sleep at night, which often leaves you nodding off during classes. "The best amount of sleep to get is about seven and a half to eight hours," Peter Venn at Queen Victoria Hospital, UK, told The Telegraph. Spending either less than six or more than nine hours in sleeping puts your health at risk. A popular solution to a lack of sleep at night is to take a "power nap" during the day, but does this work? Generally speaking, it can be beneficial. Research shows that a nap in the middle of the day --even a brief one as short as five or 10 minutes ---can clear your mind and leave you with increased energy and improved productivity , according to Forbes. However, as refreshing as it might be, if you are getting adequate sleep at night, taking a power nap isn't such a wise choice. The reason is that sleeping during the day can interfere with your body's biorhythms . The brain gets used to going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting up at the same time each day, and you don't want to disturb this routine. One more thing to keep in mind is that a power nap should never be used as a replacement for a good night's sleep. "Twenty minutes of power nap during the day is not like a tablet which will definitely work," Rahul Mukherjee, an Indian sleep specialist, told The Telegraph. "An hour's sleep before midnight is worth a couple of hours' sleep after midnight." What is the healthiest amount of sleep for the majority of people according to the article? | [
"About six or seven hours.",
"About 10 hours.",
"About nine and a half to 10 hours.",
"About seven and a half to eight hours."
] | D. About seven and a half to eight hours. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_67003 | Vans, Keds, Dollies--they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you'll know they're actually the latest in teenage footwear. But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future. Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers' shoe choice. KEDS/VANS Slip-on shoes with elastic sides are particularly popular among teenage boys-with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands. The main problem is that they are just too flat--so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful. BALLET PUMPS The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems. "As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait ,this leads to short-and long-term problems such as calluses ,heel and knee pain." WEDGES AND STILETTOS These shoes can also cause problems with gait, They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer's body weight forward, making them very unstable. Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain. SCHOOL SHOES So what do podiatrists have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear? Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark's, Marks & Spencer or Rhino. If your teen insists on wearing 'bad' shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage. Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems? | [
"Marks & Spencer.",
"Wedges & Stilettos.",
"Keds and Vans.",
"Ballet Pumps."
] | D. Ballet Pumps. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_92926 | A student hypothesizes that the amount of water a plant receives will affect how long it grows before reaching maturity. To test this hypothesis, the student will need | [
"several digital scales.",
"a wet paper towel.",
"several identical plant seeds.",
"different sizes of containers."
] | C. several identical plant seeds. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_56445 | The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded, is present. The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward.On giving this "handshake" the dogs received a piece of food.One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food.The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task. The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded. To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner.Here they continued to present the paw for much longer. Dr Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behaviour. "The only difference is one gets food and the other doesn't, they are responding to being unequally rewarded." she said. The researchers say this kind of behaviour, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates before. Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward. The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference.Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either.Dr Range says this may be because they have been trained. What would the dogs do if they presented their paw alone? | [
"They would go on with the performance much longer.",
"They would be too shy to present their paw.",
"They would miss their partners.",
"They would compare what they got with that of others."
] | A. They would go on with the performance much longer. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_52757 | In a division, a student took 63 as divisor instead of 36. his answer was 24 . The correct answer is- | [
"42",
"32",
"48",
"28",
"38"
] | A. 42 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_84007 | We know that many animals do not stay ill one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowed. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of the fish, which is called "salmon" . This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is cold, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea. Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind lobster . Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobster get into a long time and start to walk across tile floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel. ,. The fish called "salmon" spends a long life in _ . | [
"salt water",
"rivers",
"fresh water",
"its birthplace"
] | A. salt water | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_77734 | Most people like bikes. Perhaps you ride a bike to school. Riding a bike can be great of fun.Do you know how to ride a bike safely? Careful boys and girls learn to ride their bikes well before they go out on the road.How can you tell whether you are a good _ If you can ride a bike in a straight line,you can ride well .If you can't ,you should practice riding a in a safe place. To be safe on a bike, you need to use both hands and both feet. Keep your feet on the pedals and your hands on the handle bars. You know that your bike is only for one person. It's not safe to carry anyone with you. Keep yourself safe when you ride on a bike.Watch where you are going all times. When you ride a bike, it is _ if you don't keep your hands on the handle bars. | [
"safe",
"dangerous",
"important",
"interesting"
] | B. dangerous | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_246 | Which metric unit is used to describe an object's length? | [
"gram (g)",
"milliliter (mL)",
"centimeter (cm)",
"degree Celsius (°C)"
] | C. centimeter (cm) | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_26289 | Entire populations of American toads breed within the same few days at the same time each year, usually late April or early May. The toads hop to their breeding ponds after the ground has warmed and the first hard spring rain falls. To get there, many of the toads will cross roads that cut through their habitat. It will be a grand view of hopping toads as well as a disastrous killing by cars! The toads are "slow in moving at that time of year--it's still cool, they've been inactive--and they get killed" by cars when crossing roads, said Serrao, a naturalist. An April night five years ago, when Serrao went out to a country road to watch the moving of the toads, he counted 100 toads; 95 were hit by cars. A similar story can be told for several other species of toads, frogs, crocodiles and turtles around the world. The world's amphibians are reducing, and road-killing is just one factor behind it. Other better-known causes of the decline include global warming, insecticides , and the loss of wetlands. Serrao says unless these animals get help crossing the road, their local populations will disappear. Jackson, a biologist, said one way to help amphibians survive road crossings is to construct "amphibian tunnels" beneath the road. Jackson says tunnels should be a 0.6-meter-by-0.6-meter box, open at the top, and fitted with an iron grate to allow enough air and light into the tunnel. In addition, fences or walls should extend out from either side of a tunnel for about 30 meters, which guide amphibians toward the tunnels. European countries have built amphibian tunnels for decades. Jackson led a team that installed the first such tunnel in prefix = st1 /Americain 1987, which helped over 3/4 of the local amphibian population safely cross the road. Jackson says that there are about a hundred amphibian tunnels in the UStoday, but many of them were not carefully designed and probably not working well because land developers wanted to save money. The passage is mainly about the protection of _ . | [
"amphibians from road-killing",
"animal species from reducing",
"toads from breeding",
"toads, frogs, and turtles around the world"
] | A. amphibians from road-killing | mmlu_train |
m1_pref_261 | Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a binary $(6,3)$ linear code containing the codewords $\mathbf{x}_1 = 011011$, $\mathbf{x}_2 = 101101$ and $\mathbf{x}_3 = 111000$. True or false: A generator matrix for the code is egin{equation*} G = egin{pmatrix} 1 &0 &0 &0 &1 &1 \ 0 &1 &0 &0 &0 &1 \ 0 &0 &1 &0 &1 &1 \end{pmatrix} \end{equation*} | [
"True",
"False"
] | B. False | m1_pref |
mmlu_train_5419 | Fahad Azad, an engineer in India, invented a robot named DuctBot.The toy-car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length, 19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms. The robot is designed to snake through dark, narrow air conditioning ducts and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery, so _ can be captured by a camera. In order to control it more easily, Mr. Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt, as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon-dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death, such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people's health. EPSCO, a Dubai-based company which specializes in improving indoor air quality, read about Mr. Azad's invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment, but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty, dangerous work.Across India, for example, the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts. In 2005, Mr. Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company, Robosoft Systems, has Bluestar, EPSCO and the Indian Navy, some leading air condition makers, as partners. Mr. Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.Mr. Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future. What can the Ductbot do for us? | [
"Clean off the dirt in the ducts.",
"Control the central conditioning.",
"Reduce carbon-dioxide in buildings.",
"Protect more animals in city."
] | A. Clean off the dirt in the ducts. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_477 | Natural selection is a mechanism that acts on individuals within a population. Which is a result of the process of natural selection? | [
"The reproductive rate of the population decreases.",
"Genetic similarity within the population increases.",
"Organisms are better adapted to their environment.",
"Adverse changes to the environment become more frequent."
] | C. Organisms are better adapted to their environment. | arc_easy |
arc_challenge_2 | A fold observed in layers of sedimentary rock most likely resulted from the | [
"cooling of flowing magma.",
"converging of crustal plates.",
"deposition of river sediments.",
"solution of carbonate minerals."
] | B. converging of crustal plates. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_29246 | A student gets an aggregate of 60% marks in five subjects in the ratio 10 : 9 : 8 : 7 : 6. If the passing marks are 50% of the maximum marks and each subject has the same maximum marks, in how many subjects did he pass the examinaiton? | [
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6"
] | D. 5 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_733 | A scientist cross-pollinates a tomato plant that is resistant to viruses with a tomato plant that produces large tomatoes. This is an example of | [
"natural selection.",
"asexual reproduction.",
"selective breeding.",
"genetic engineering."
] | C. selective breeding. | arc_challenge |
arc_easy_381 | After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon? | [
"His body had more kinetic energy than the water.",
"Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.",
"The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.",
"The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside."
] | C. The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin. | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1528 | A line graph is best used when the measured variable is | [
"changing at a constant rate.",
"nearly equal in several trials.",
"being compared to a control.",
"observed at one point in time."
] | A. changing at a constant rate. | arc_easy |
m1_pref_289 | Consider the source $S_1, S_2, \dots$ such that $S_1$ is uniformly distributed on $\mathbb{Z}/10\mathbb{Z}^*$, and for every $n\geq 1$, $S_{n+1}$ is distributed uniformly on $\mathbb{Z}/(S_n+1)\mathbb{Z}^*$. Let $H(\mathcal{S}) = \lim_{n o\infty} H(S_n)$. True or false: $H(\mathcal{S}) = 0$. | [
"False",
"True"
] | B. True | m1_pref |
aquarat_41717 | Out of 15 students in a class, 7 are from Maharashtra, 5 are from Karnataka, and 3 are from Goa. Four students are to be selected at random. What are the chances that at least one is from Karnataka? | [
"12/13",
"11/13",
"10/15",
"1/15",
"4/14"
] | B. 11/13 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_2161 | What is a benefit of the regulation of gene expression? | [
"conservation of genetic information",
"conservation of cell resources",
"trait adaptation to environmental change",
"trait inheritance in offspring"
] | B. conservation of cell resources | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_6028 | Today, the biggest killers stem as much from our lifestyles as from bacteria and viruses. One of the worst of these is heart disease, and specifically high blood pressure. It's a slow, but efficient killer that robs many people of what should be the last 10, 20 or 30 years of their lives. Scientists are claiming that they have now separated unusual ingredients in a rare seaweed discovered by fishermen off the coast of Korea that offer incredible health benefits--including the ability to restore blood pressure to normal levels. Dr. Haengwoo Lee, a famous biochemist conducted a clinical study on these two ingredients. The first is Seanol, an extremely rare seaweed extract from Ecklonia Cava that's proven to be 100 times more powerful than any land-based antioxidant . That's because it stays working in your body for 12 hours, compared to land-based antioxidants that work for 30 minutes. "Its secret is its make-up of special chemicals that are a huge 40% fat soluble( )," Dr. Lee explains. "Unlike nearly all land-based antioxidants that are water soluble, Seanol's protective compounds can get into things like the fatty tissues of your brain and penetrate all three layers of your cells, including the outside, the oil-based cell membranes , and your DNA." Indeed, Seanol is so powerful, it's the only FDA-approved Ecklonia Cava marine-algae extract in existence. The second ingredient is Calamarine, a deep-sea omega-3 discovery that delivers 85% more DHA omega-3s to your heart, brain, joints, and eyes. It's known to reduce the problems from tiredness and poor memory, joint pain, mood swings and depression. With that research in mind, Dr. Lee combined Seanol and Calamarine with a high dose of vitamin D to form Marine-D3, the newest supplement in the fight against age-related illnesses and high blood pressure. Dr. Lee found that Calamarine delivers some of the greatest concentration of omega-3s known to science. Combined with Seanol's ability to reduce body inflammation , as well as help cells get the nutrients they need to thrive, stay healthy and protected, Marine-D3 is able to boost a body's entire well being. The makers of Marine-D3 are so confident that you'll see fast dramatic results from this product, that if you aren't happy after two full months, simply return the unused portion and they'll buy it back. They'll even give you ten dollars extra just for giving it an honest try! That kind of faith, combined with Dr. Lee's exhaustive research, shows that Marine-D3 really is a one-of-a-kind product. Which is right about Seanol ? | [
"According to FDA , Seanol reaches the agreed standard.",
"Seanol can be fat soluble entirely.",
"Seanol is a common seaweed extract fromEcklonia Cava.",
"Seanol's protective compounds can get into all things like the fatty tissues of your brain."
] | A. According to FDA , Seanol reaches the agreed standard. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_67518 | Mary and Her Friends Mary has some friends. They are Betty, Peter, Alice and Mike. Mary is the oldest of the five. Betty is thirteen years old. She is younger than Mary and older than Peter. Alice is nine and Mike is seven. Betty and Peter are good runners . But Peter runs faster. Mary and Betty like to play basketball. Mary plays better than Betty. Alice sings best of them. Mary and Betty study in a middle school. Peter, Alice and Mike study in a primary school. They all work hard at school. But Betty works hardest. Her handwriting is good, too. Mike is _ than Alice. | [
"youngest",
"oldest",
"younger",
"older"
] | C. younger | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_78386 | Fish and apple soup? Yes, and you won't believe how delicious it is. This first came out of a restaurant in Singapore, but it is now very popular as the du jour soup in Chinese restaurants. Ingredients (serves 4): 1 whole fish. 2 apples, quartered. 4-6 ginger slices . 1 bunch of spring onions, cut into pierces. 1 red tomato, cut into 8 pierces. Oil, salt and pepper. Methods: l. Remove the bones from the fish. 2 Pour oil into a pan. Fry the ginger slices, and the spring onions. Add the fish hones and oil. 3. Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes, 4. Add the apples, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper, In what order should you add the ingredients while cooking the soup? | [
"apples, fish and tomato--ginger slices and spring onions--oil--fish bones",
"oil--fish bones--ginger slices and spring onions--apples, fish and tomato",
"oil--ginger slices and spring onions--fish bones--apples, fish and tomato",
"ginger slices and spring onions--fish bones-apples, fish and tomato--oil"
] | C. oil--ginger slices and spring onions--fish bones--apples, fish and tomato | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98924 | Jays find nutrition in | [
"mulberries",
"plastic beads",
"philosophy",
"metal blue bells"
] | A. mulberries | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_39921 | We know, painkillers in a tablet can make your headache go away, and antibiotic from a tube can prevent your cuts from becoming infected. Can medicine come in chicken eggs? A team of scientists from Scotland says "yes." They've kept some special chickens that lay eggs with disease-treating drugs inside. These drugs are made of molecules called proteins. Animals make thousands of proteins--they're the main ingredients in skin, hair, milk, and meat. Since animals can make proteins easily, they're good animals for making protein drugs. Researchers have already made cows, sheep, and goats that pump out protein drugs in their milk. But chickens are cheaper to take care of, need less room, and grow faster than these other animals. "Those qualities could make chickens a better choice to become living drug factories." says Simon Lillico of the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, Scotland. Lillico and a team of researchers changed chickens' DNA--the code that tells cells how to make proteins--so that the birds' cells made two protein drugs. One drug can treat skin cancer, and the other treats a nerve disease called multiple sclerosis. The scientists changed the chickens' DNA so that the birds made these drugs only in their egg whites. This protects the chickens' bodies from the drugs' possible harmful effects and makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs. These special chickens can pass on their drug-laying abilities to their chicks. So far, the Scottish researchers have kept five generations of drug-producing chickens. But the scientists need to improve these chickens. The chickens don't make enough drugs to treat people yet. Once the researchers perfect their technique, you might eventually take your medicine from chicken eggs. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage? | [
"It takes much shorter time for chickens to grow than cows, sheep and goats.",
"Compared to cows, sheep and goats, chickens are less expensive to be raised.",
"Chickens can produce the best quality of drugs among the drug-producing animals.",
"Chickens are smaller in size than cows, sheep and goats and theref... | C. Chickens can produce the best quality of drugs among the drug-producing animals. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_31148 | Cotton farmers in some Indian villages are flooding to buy Coca-Cola and Pepsi, believing that the sugar in the fizzy drinks kills pests . Farmers say scientists advised them to mix pesticides with a sugary syrup to control pests, and they found the mixture cheaper and more effective than pure chemicals---- although soft drink makers and scientists dismissed the claims. N. Hamunayya, who has become famous in his village in the southeastern state of Andhra Pradesh, said his crop survived an attack of pests which had resisted other solutions. "We found that all the colas had the same effect on pests. The pests became numb and fell to ground," he said.He said the drinks had all the elements they needed: they were cheaper, sticky, fizzy, and attracted ants, which swallowed the larvae( )of the pests. But Thirupathi Reddy, assistant director of the Regional Agri Research station, Guntur, says tests had denied such claims. " We conducted some field trials on cotton crop at our research station. There were no increases of productivity or deaths of pests," he says. Statements from Pepsi and Coca-Cola said there was " no scientific basis" for this practice. But their sellers are enjoying booming sales. Mantan Wali, who sells soft drinks in 17 villages in the region, said sales increased , thanks to the farmers. " For the 10 days between August and September I had booming business. Instead of just 30 cases ( each containing a dozen one-litre bottles) of cola I started selling almost 200 cases, " he said. " We expected the sales to fall suddenly after the argument over pesticide remains in the cola drinks. Now I have to keep extra stock for the cotton farmers, " he said. N. Hamunayya has become famous because _ . | [
"He is the first farmer to use cola to kill pests.",
"He is strongly against the use of cola to kill pests.",
"He successfully advised farmers to use cola to kill pests.",
"He himself successfully used cola to kill pests and saved his crop."
] | D. He himself successfully used cola to kill pests and saved his crop. | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_300 | A student used the dimmest setting on a light microscope to observe a euglena and an amoeba. The student shined a narrow beam of light at the top of the cover slip. She observed that the euglena swam up toward the light but the amoeba did not. She knew the amoeba was alive because it slowly changed shape while she watched. What inference should the student draw from her observation? | [
"An amoeba can only move side to side.",
"An amoeba is unable to respond to light.",
"An amoeba moves too slowly to observe.",
"An amoeba only moves when it is hungry."
] | B. An amoeba is unable to respond to light. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_93802 | Which statement is true for all objects? | [
"All objects are shiny.",
"All objects are hard.",
"All objects are rough.",
"All objects have mass."
] | D. All objects have mass. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_69620 | We all know that food makes us grow every day, but sometimes it can make us happy when we feel bad. Food such as sea fish, bananas, pumpkins and chicken can help us be happy. How can they affect our feelings? People living by the sea look much happier than other people, because the fresh sea air helps them clear their minds and they eat a lot of sea fish. Bananas have much Vitamin B6. Having more bananas can help us make a quick decision, and become more confident . Eating pumpkins can also help people get into a good feeling because it's rich in Vitamin B6 and iron . Are you in a bad mood ? If you are, don't sit alone. Go to eat such happy food with your friends. Maybe you'll feel better. ,. (5) What food can make us more confident? | [
"Sea fish.",
"Chicken.",
"Apples.",
"Bananas."
] | D. Bananas. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_21408 | If p and r are positive integers such that (p2)/40=r(p2)/40=r, and p=/=r, then which of the following must also be an integer?
I. r/5r/5
II. r/(2x5)r/(2x5)
III. r/(3x5)r/(3x5) | [
"I only",
"II only",
"I and II only",
"I and III only",
"I, II, and III"
] | C. I and II only | aquarat |
arc_easy_827 | An example of a learned trait is | [
"being able to read",
"being able to breathe",
"having a scar",
"having brown eyes"
] | A. being able to read | arc_easy |
aquarat_24253 | If a two-digit positive integer has its digits reversed, the resulting integer differs from the original by 18. By how much do the two digits differ? | [
"2",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7"
] | A. 2 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_42054 | Scientists think it will be possible to record people's dreams and then interpret them, according to a new report. They claim to have developed a system which allows them to record higher level brain activity. Dr Moran Cerf told the journal Nature: "We would like to read people's dreams." Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them. Dr Cerf hopes to eventually compare people's memories of their dreams with an electronic visualization of their brain activity. He told the BBC: "There's no clear answer as to why humans dream. And one of the questions we would like to answer is when do we actually create this dream?" The scientist believes his latest research shows that certain neurons or individual brain cells are linked with specific objects or concepts . He found that a particular neuron lit up when a volunteer thought about Marilyn Monroe. If a database was built up identifying various neurons with concepts, objects and people it would allow them to "read the subject's minds", according to Dr Cerf. However, Dr Roderick Oner, a clinical psychologist and dream expert, said that this kind of visualization would be of limited help when it came to interpreting the "complex dream narrative ". In addition to getting a detailed picture of individual neurons subjects had to have electrodes implanted deep in the brain using surgery. The Nature researchers used data from patients who had electrodes implanted to monitor and treat them for brain seizures . However, Dr Cerf said he hoped that it would be possible at a later stage to monitor people without invasive surgery .He said it would be "wonderful" to be able to read the minds of coma patients who are unable to communicate. From the text, we can know Dr Moran Cerf _ . | [
"found why humans dream",
"hopes to read the minds of coma patients",
"is a clinical psychologists and dream expert.",
"can record and interpret people's dreams"
] | B. hopes to read the minds of coma patients | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_60510 | China's Jade Rabbit moon rover has " woken up" since it entered the lunar night two weeks ago. The moon rover, known as Yutu in Mandarin Chinese, and the Chang'e-3 lander were restarted by the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), China's Xinhua news agency said. It had been set to sleep for two weeks to ride out extreme climatic conditions and will finally undertake its scientific mission. The Jade Rabbit was " put to sleep" on 26 December at the onset of the first lunar night of the mission. One night on the moon lasts for around two weeks on Earth and during this time, temperatures fall to -180degC ---conditions too cold for the equipment to function in. There is also no sunlight to power the Jade Rabbit's solar panels. Zhou Jianliang, chief engineer with the BACC, explained: " During the lunar night, the lander and the rover were in a power-off condition and the communication with Earth was cut off. " When the night ends, they will be started up with the power provided by sunlight and resume operation and communication according to preset programmes. He added that the Jade Rabbit surviving the lunar night showed Chinese technology had proved successful. The Jade Rabbit and the lander compose Chang'e-3 landed on the moon on 14 December. With the landing, China became one of only three nations to soft-land on the moon, and the first to do so in more than three decades. Scientists said the mission was designed to test new technologies and build the country's expertise of space exploration. The Jade Rabbit will gather scientific data and capture images from the Moon. China was planning further missions planned to collect lunar soil samples and it is thought officials are looking to conduct manned lunar landings if they prove successful. According to Zhou Jianliang we can know that _ . | [
"on the moon the rover can't communicate with the lander",
"sunlight is the necessary power for the rover and the lander",
"Chinese technology has been regarded the most successful",
"the lunar night can destroy the equipment on the moon"
] | B. sunlight is the necessary power for the rover and the lander | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_99693 | A nightcrawler will most likely reside and consume nearest | [
"a rain cloud",
"an un-raked yard",
"a river rapids",
"a mountain avalanche"
] | B. an un-raked yard | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_842 | One 7.0 kg bowling ball is lifted to a storage shelf 1.0 m above the floor. A second 7.0 kg ball is lifted to a storage shelf 2.0 m above the floor. Which of the following best explains why the measured force of gravity on each ball is nearly identical? | [
"The final potential energy of each ball increased.",
"The amount of work required to lift each ball is identical.",
"The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical.",
"The gravitational force of each ball on the other cancels out the force of Earth's gravity."
] | C. The distance of each ball from Earth's center of mass is almost identical. | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_2233 | In which layer of the Sun does nuclear fusion occur? | [
"core",
"radiative zone",
"convection zone",
"chromosphere"
] | A. core | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_30569 | A unique thermo-solar power station Germasolar in southern Spain can work even on cloudy days:energy stored when the sun shines lets it produce electricity even during the night. It is the first solar power station in the world that works 24 hours a day! This is how it works: the panels reflect the sun's rays onto the tower, transmitting energy 1,000 times stronger than that of the sun's rays reaching the earth. Energy is stored in tanks, and then steam is produced before finally turned into electricity. It is the station's capacity to store plenty of energy that makes Gemasolar so different because it allows the plant to transmit power during the night, relying on energy it has gained during the day. Helped by the generous state aid, renewable energies have enjoyed a boom in Spain, the world number two in solar energy and the biggest wind power producer in Europe, ahead of Germany. For the Gemasolar solar product, foreign investors helped too: Torresol Energy is a joint enterprise between the Spanish engineering group Sener, which holds 60 percent, and Abu Dhabi-financed renewable energy firm Masdar. This type of station is expensive, not because of the raw material we use, which is free solar energy, but because of the enormous investment these plants require. The investment cost is over 200 million euros ($ 260 million). But the day when the business has repaid that money to the banks (maybe, in 18 years, someone estimates), this station will become a 1,000-euro note printing machine! For now, the economic crisis has nevertheless cast a shadow over this kind of project: Spain is battling to cut its deficit as it slides into a difficult time and has cancelled aid to new renewable energy projects. What is NOT the reason for this power station being unique? | [
"It is the first solar power station which costs over 200 million euros.",
"It is the first solar power station in the world working around the clock.",
"It even works well when it is cloudy.",
"Its capacity to store energy is large."
] | A. It is the first solar power station which costs over 200 million euros. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_98715 | A bee is a pollinating | [
"moving alive thing",
"rock",
"tree",
"song"
] | A. moving alive thing | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_34 | Which celestial object listed below has the greatest density? | [
"a planet",
"a comet",
"a nebula",
"a neutron star"
] | D. a neutron star | arc_challenge |
arc_challenge_266 | Which body system's primary function is the continuation of the species? | [
"digestive",
"nervous",
"excretory",
"reproductive"
] | D. reproductive | arc_challenge |
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