id stringlengths 9 18 | question stringlengths 4 4.81k | choices listlengths 2 13 | full_answer stringlengths 4 180 | dataset stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
aquarat_20807 | The G.C.D of 1.2, 0.36 and 0.9 is | [
"0.19",
"0.1",
"0.06",
"0.11",
"0.12"
] | C. 0.06 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_612 | Which animal would most likely stay where it is? | [
"a fox in forest fire",
"a frog whose pond has dried up",
"a beaver that just finished building its dam",
"a rabbit whose food is gone because of a drought"
] | C. a beaver that just finished building its dam | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_70994 | Peter is a sixth-grader at Woodland Primary School. He is only 12 years old but has been smoking for three years. John, 15, is a Junior 2 student at Woodland Secondary School. He began smoking four years ago. "Smoking is part of my life," John said. Peter and John are not those boys' real names. But their problem, smoking, is a very real problem. In many countries, smoking is becoming a bigger problem for young people. Most smokers start in their teens or earlier. A study of 8,000 London students shows that smoking is a problem for many British kids. More than 21% of middle school students and 6% of primary school pupils said they smoked. "If young people start smoking early, it will be very hard for them to give up later on," said a professor. Every year, about four million people die because of smoking. And if people keep smoking that number will go up to about ten million a year by 2030 the World Health Organization (WTO) says. So we have to learn and tell others about dangers of smoking. ,. The main idea of this passage is that _ | [
"smoking is becoming a bigger problem for young people",
"more and more people die because of smoking every year",
"who asks young people to give up smoking",
"we needn't worry about the student smokers"
] | A. smoking is becoming a bigger problem for young people | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1448 | A population of wood mice lives in a cool, moist temperate forest. Several years of hot, dry weather have affected the plants in the area. Which mice in the population are most likely to survive this change and pass their genes on to their offspring? | [
"those with the warmest coats and best camouflage",
"the largest and strongest mice in the population",
"those with traits most adapted to the new environment",
"the youngest and fastest mice in the population"
] | C. those with traits most adapted to the new environment | arc_easy |
aquarat_11597 | If 314,314 bottles of water need to be placed in boxes and each box can contain at most 9 bottles of water. How many bottles of water will be in the last unfilled box? | [
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"10"
] | D. 7 | aquarat |
aquarat_6606 | The average (arithmetic mean) of eight numbers is 8. If 4 is added from each of five of the numbers, what is the new average? | [
"4.5",
"8.9",
"10.5",
"4.5",
"5.6"
] | C. 10.5 | aquarat |
aquarat_23349 | 1/2 divived by 1/2 of 1/2 whole divided by 1/2 +1/2 of 1/2 | [
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7"
] | B. 4 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_43871 | New research says 35 percent of the deaths of children worldwide are caused by hunger. The research is from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Robert Black from the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in prefix = st1 /Marylandwas the leading writer of the research. He says more than 3.5 million mothers and children under five die in poor countries each year because of hunger. He says more than two million children die from underdevelopment, either before or after birth. Millions of others who survive face a lifetime of disabilities or early death. And the effects are not just physical. Poor brain development can limit economic success as children become adults. Then the cycle of poverty and hunger often repeats for their children. Doctor Black says hungry children are also more likely to have conditions like high blood pressure and heart disease as adults. He says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. Hungry children can suffer the whole life damage from age two. So it is high time to improve their diets. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful things. The researchers say early help like these could reduce child deaths by 25%. The research has faced some criticism . A medical aid group says the researchers underestimate the number of child deaths from hunger. The researchers say there are findings that support this treatment but more studies are needed to compare it to hospital care. What can we learn from this passage? | [
"If a child is hungry at childhood, he will be disabled in the future.",
"Criticism is the best medicine for hunger.",
"The results from the research is not satisfactory.",
"Generally speaking, hungry children have less chance of catching heart disease when they grow up."
] | C. The results from the research is not satisfactory. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_52167 | Now I would like to talk to you about your final exam. The exam will be held next Thursday, the last day of the exam week. Remember to bring two or three pens in case they run out of ink. Unlike the midterm exam, this test will not include multiple-choice questions, it will contain entirely of essays . You will have to answer three of the five essay questions. The exam will be comprehensive , which means you will have to go over all of the subject matters we learnt in class this term. I would suggest you review your midterm exam as well as textbooks and your class notes. The research project will count as 20% and the midterm exam 30%. I will be in my office almost all day next Tuesday. If you run into any problems, please drop in. Good luck to you and I will see you on Tuesday. When will the final exam be held? | [
"Next Tuesday.",
"Next Wednesday.",
"Next Thursday",
"Next Friday"
] | C. Next Thursday | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_631 | Most stars in the Milky Way are like the Sun. The Sun will eventually become a red giant. After the red giant stage, what determines whether a star will become a white dwarf or a supernova? | [
"the mass of the star",
"the diameter of the star",
"the brightness of the star",
"the type of gas in the star"
] | A. the mass of the star | arc_easy |
aquarat_45171 | By selling a house for Rs.45000, it was found that 1/8 of the outlay was gained, what ought the selling to price to have been in order to have lost 8 p.c? | [
"28000",
"36800",
"37000",
"38000",
"40000"
] | B. 36800 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_2725 | Newton's work in physics helped to provide mathematical explanations for the earlier conclusions of which scientist? | [
"Ptolemy",
"Aristotle",
"Nicolas Copernicus",
"Dmitri Mendeleev"
] | C. Nicolas Copernicus | mmlu_train |
aquarat_3054 | A boy standing idle sounds a whistle to his friend at a distance of 1200 m moving away from him in a speeding car at 108 kms /hr. Find the duration after which his friend is going to hear him. (Speed of sound = 330m/sec). | [
"3.6 secs",
"4.00 secs",
"40 secs",
"45 secs",
"None of these"
] | B. 4.00 secs | aquarat |
mmlu_train_43743 | Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water. This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed. Although it is one of the largest spiders in prefix = st1 /New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn't disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple when it skims across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey. Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown. After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae , and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body. It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles of air so that the spider can run down a blade of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater. It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac , which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web. The passage tells us that the spider _ . | [
"feeds grass and thistles to its young.",
"lives on blades of grass under the water",
"lives in the grass on the banks of streams",
"eats a meal once every five weeks"
] | C. lives in the grass on the banks of streams | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_78764 | What's the red star in the sky through a telescope ? It is Mars. Do you want to know more about it? Take the "Mars Orbit Express"! "Mars Orbit Express" is a space probe . It was sent towards Mars by American scientists on August 12th,2005. Its tasks are to study Mars' atmosphere and return photos to Earth. But before that "Mars Orbit Express" must travel about 100 hundred million kilometers and seven months. It reached Mars' orbit in March,2006. Mars and Earth have similar weight and size. However,Mars is closer to the sun than Earth. Mars is very cold. The average temperature is below 50degC. The temperature at noon only reaches 20degC during a Mars day. Its atmosphere is mostly CO2. It has much sand and two moons---Phobos and Deimos. Scientists think Earth and Mars had similar beginnings 4.6 billion years ago. But while Earth supports millions of lives,Mars becomes bad. "Earth easily could have turned out like that." said an scientist, "It is important for us to find out why and Mars Orbit Express' should do that." "Mars Orbit Express" also would help scientists to learn what might happen to Earth in the future. "Mars Orbit Express" would work for about four years. Compared with Earth, _ . | [
"Mars has a long history",
"Mars is big and heavy",
"Mars is close to the sun",
"Mars' atmosphere is mainly O2."
] | C. Mars is close to the sun | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_50 | The floating arrow on a compass always points towards the | [
"west.",
"east.",
"south.",
"north."
] | D. north. | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1838 | The position of the liver in the circulatory system maximizes its ability to filter out harmful chemicals as soon as they enter the bloodstream. Blood travels to the liver from the | [
"nervous system.",
"digestive system.",
"immune system.",
"excretory system."
] | B. digestive system. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_5729 | A "talking kitchen" teaches students how to cook French dishes and speak French. Researchers at New Castle University have developed the French Digital Kitchen. Professors Paul Seedhouse and Patrick Olivier led the project. Professor Seedhouse says that it works like a satellite navigation system in a car. The kitchen equipment and tools use motion sensor technology similar to the Nintendo Wii game system. The sensors help a computer guide the students through instructions in French. The system can tell whether you've done what you were asked to do or not. For example, the system tells you to take some butter and cut it with a knife. There's a sensor on the package containing the butter so it can tell where the butter's being moved. The sensor in the knife not only knows that the knife is moving, but it also knows what motion the knife is making. So it can tell whether the knife is being used. And so it doesn't go on to the next stage of the program unless you've done what it tells you to do. Students can ask the computer to repeat the instructions or translate them into English. There are vocabulary lessons before and after the cooking. Professor Seedhouse became interested in the idea after he visited a talking kitchen designed for a different purpose. "It was actually for communicating with people who suffer from dementia " .And so, for example, it can speak to those people and tell them that they've left the cooker on and they should turn it off." French Digital Kitchen was developed mainly to _ . | [
"make cooking easier and more interesting",
"change the traditional way of cooking",
"improve people's cooking skills at French dishes",
"offers students a new way to practice French"
] | D. offers students a new way to practice French | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_34654 | Half the world's population could face a shortage of food by 2100 due to climate change, a new report by US scientists warns. Rapid global warming is likely to reduce crop production in the tropics and subtropics , according to Professor David Battisti of the University of Washington. "The most extreme summers of the last century will become common," he says. "We must immediately create crops that can bear heat and drought if we are to adapt in time," he writes in Science journal. "The stresses on global food production from temperature alone are going to be huge," said Mr. Battisti. "And that doesn't take into account water supplies stressed by the higher temperatures." He worked with Professor Rosamond Naylor on Food Security and the Environment, to examine the influence of climate change on the world's food supplies. They predict there is a greater than 90% probability that by 2100, the average growing-season temperatures in the tropics and subtropics will be higher than any temperatures recorded there to date. "We are taking the worst of what we've seen historically and saying that in the future it is going to be a lot worse unless there is some kind of adaptation," said Professor Naylor. "This is a powerful reason for us to invest in adaptation, because it is clear that this is the direction we are going in terms of temperature and it will take decades to develop new food crop varieties that can better bear a warmer climate." "In the tropics, the higher temperatures could be expected to cut production of the primary food crops by 20-40%," the researchers said. Rising temperatures are also likely to reduce soil moisture , cutting production even further. Three billion people live in the tropics and subtropics now, and their number is expected nearly to double by the end of the century. "You are talking about hundreds of millions of additional people looking for food because they won't be able to find it where they find it now," said Professor Battisti. Crop failures would not be limited to the tropics, the scientists concluded. We can know from the text that _ . | [
"the number of people living in the tropics is reducing",
"crop failures will be a global problem",
"temperatures will rise most in the tropics",
"new food crop varieties will be developed soon"
] | B. crop failures will be a global problem | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_4786 | Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? | [
"It releases acid and mixes food.",
"It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.",
"It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.",
"It carries food from the stomach to the intestines."
] | C. It carries food from the mouth to the stomach. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_2154 | Mercury and gold are both metals. Unlike gold, mercury cannot be used to make jewelry because it is a liquid at room temperature. The difference in the state of matter is an example of which type of property? | [
"chemical",
"electrical",
"nuclear",
"physical"
] | D. physical | mmlu_train |
aquarat_11764 | The ratio, by volume, of soap to alcohol to water in a certain solution is 6:30:90. The solution will be altered so that the ratio of soap to alcohol is doubled while the ratio of soap to water is halved. If the altered solution will contain 150 cubic centimeters of alcohol, how many cubic centimeters of water will it contain? | [
"1200",
"1300",
"1500",
"1800",
"1900"
] | D. 1800 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1825 | What is a large buildup of moving ice and snow called? | [
"drumlin",
"delta",
"glacier",
"moraine"
] | C. glacier | arc_easy |
arc_easy_183 | The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its | [
"area.",
"perimeter.",
"density.",
"weight."
] | C. density. | arc_easy |
aquarat_33948 | Each of the 30 boxes in a certain shipment weighs either 10 pounds or 20 pounds, and the average (arithmetic mean) weight of the boxes in the shipment is 18 pounds. If the average weight of the boxes in the shipment is to be reduced to 16 pounds by removing some of the 20-pound boxes, how many 20-pound boxes must be removed? | [
"9",
"12",
"15",
"18",
"21"
] | C. 15 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_50520 | Regularly staying late at the office significantly increases the risk of having a stroke or heart attack, researchers have found, working just an hour extra each day pushes up stroke risk by 10 per cent, according to a huge review of working patterns. And people who work an extra three hours a day--or 55 hours a week--are 33 per cent more likely to have a stroke, the scientists found. The research, published in the Lancet medical journal, is based on health records of more than 500, 000 people across Europe, the US and Australia. Scientists led by University College London warned that people who work longer hours tend to do less exercise, sit at a computer for hours at a time and drink more than people with a better work-life balance. Repeated stress may also be to blame for greater health problems, the scientists think. They looked at the combined result of 17 previous studies, in which 529, 000 people were tracked over an average of seven years. Experts stressed that the study had only found a link between hours worked and heart problems---it had not proved what had actually caused each death. But they warned people to take note of the findings. Dr Tim Chico, consultant cardiologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, said "For many people, reducing their working hours would be difficult or impossible, and this study does not show that it would reduce the risk of stroke." Most of us could reduce the amount of time we spend sitting down, increase our physical activity and improve our diet while working and this might be more important the more time we spend at work. What can we infer from the passage? | [
"People who work longer are less likely to suffer a stroke.",
"All the deaths are caused by working long hours.",
"The research was based on the tracking of over 500, 000 people.",
"Reduced working hours will surely decrease the risk of stroke."
] | C. The research was based on the tracking of over 500, 000 people. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93879 | When electric current flows through the metal filament of a light bulb, electrical energy is converted to | [
"heat energy only.",
"heat and light energy.",
"light and motion energy.",
"light energy only."
] | B. heat and light energy. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1068 | Wind changes the surface of Earth. Which of these land formations is a result of transportation and deposition by wind? | [
"a delta",
"a glacier",
"a sand dune",
"a mountain peak"
] | C. a sand dune | arc_easy |
aquarat_2715 | The radii of two cones are in the ratio 2:1, their volumes are equal. Find the ratio of their heights. | [
"1/4",
"1/8",
"2/4",
"4/1",
"None"
] | A. 1/4 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_15721 | Air traffic controllers in the US have been advised to take 26-minute naps , after a series of accidents involving workers falling asleep. Now the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is calling for "controlled naps" during nightshifts . NTSB member Mark Rosekind said that a 26-minute nap would improve performance by 34%. He believes that beyond the aviation industry, other professions, such as motoring and machinery, also carry obvious risks. But other experts doubt whether 26 minutes is the appropriate napping time. It's a bit too long and risks you falling into a deep sleep, says Jim Horne, director of the Sleep Research Council. He said, "A nap of about 15 minutes is best; once you get beyond 20 minutes, you risk a deep sleep and you can be much more tired when you wake up. Therefore, we suggest that a nap be combined with a cup of coffee so that you can enjoy an effective sleep before the caffeine takes effect in 20 minutes. However, this method only works on those who have had a poor night's sleep. If you haven't had a sleep the night before, this method won't be enough to make you fresh." Health writer, Linda Wasmer Andrews, also believes that 26 minutes is too long. She says a nap between 10 and 20 minutes is enough, and the timing of the nap is also important. Putting your head down too early means your body may not be ready to sleep yet, but a nap that is too late in a day might make it harder to fall asleep. Early afternoon is often the best time, between l pm to 3pm, when people experience a post-lunch decrease in energy. What does the text mainly talk about? | [
"People who need a nap.",
"How long a nap should last.",
"When people should take a nap.",
"The reason why people need a nap."
] | B. How long a nap should last. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_26515 | A certain fraction is equivalent to 3/5. If the numerator of the fraction is increased by 4 and the denominator is doubled, the new fraction is equivalent to 1/3. What is the sum of the numerator and denominator of the original fraction? | [
"49",
"35",
"28",
"56",
"21"
] | D. 56 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_53880 | One thing the tour books don't tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world. "The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing," says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year _ the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country's largest populations of raccoons now lives in Washington D.C., and moose are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on pigeons. Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges have been created. The Greater London Council last year spentPS750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben. For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings . By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food. Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds. What is the passage mainly about? | [
"Wildlife returning to large cities",
"Foxes returning to London",
"Wild animals living in zoos",
"A survey of wildlife in New York"
] | A. Wildlife returning to large cities | mmlu_train |
aquarat_41897 | The letters of the word LUCKNOW are arranged among themselves. Find the probability of always having NOW in the word. | [
"1/31",
"1/32",
"1/41",
"1/42",
"None of these"
] | D. 1/42 | aquarat |
arc_easy_285 | Which of these is an example of an endothermic process? | [
"fireworks display",
"glowing light stick",
"first-aid instant cold pack",
"gasoline-burning car engine"
] | C. first-aid instant cold pack | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_60611 | Killer bees started in Brazil in 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey. So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. _ . But the new bees were a mistake. They did not want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside. Scientists could not control the problem. The bees spread. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees, or colony , grows four times a year. This means one million new colonies every five years. Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting (, ) many more times than a normal bee. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute non-stop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person. Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will spread all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait. Why are people afraid of killer bees? | [
"Because they sting Brazilian bees.",
"Because they sting more and attack in groups.",
"Because they won't make any honey.",
"Because each group of bees grows four times a year."
] | B. Because they sting more and attack in groups. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1781 | Which of these will always produce a magnetic field? | [
"a bar of steel",
"a bar of aluminum",
"an electric current",
"an electric charge"
] | C. an electric current | arc_easy |
m1_pref_29 | Let $f:\R^D
ightarrow\R$ be an $L$-hidden layer multi-layer perceptron (MLP) such that
\[
f(xv)=\sigma_{L+1}ig(\wv^ op\sigma_L(\Wm_L\sigma_{L-1}(\Wm_{L-1}\dots\sigma_1(\Wm_1xv)))ig),
\]
with $\wv\in\R^{M}$, $\Wm_1\in\R^{M imes D}$ and $\Wm_\ell\in\R^{M imes M}$ for $\ell=2,\dots, L$, and $\sigma_i$ for $i=1,\dots,L+1$ is an entry-wise activation function. For any MLP $f$ and a classification threshold $ au$ let $C_{f, au}$ be a binary classifier that outputs YES for a given input $xv$ if $f(xv) \leq au$ and NO otherwise. space{3mm}
Assume $\sigma_{L+1}$ is the element-wise extbf{sigmoid} function and $C_{f, rac{1}{2}}$ is able to obtain a high accuracy on a given binary classification task $T$. Let $g$ be the MLP obtained by multiplying the parameters extbf{in the last layer} of $f$, i.e. $\wv$, by 2. Moreover, let $h$ be the MLP obtained by replacing $\sigma_{L+1}$ with element-wise extbf{ReLU}. Finally, let $q$ be the MLP obtained by doing both of these actions. Which of the following is true?
ReLU(x) = max\{x, 0\} \
Sigmoid(x) = rac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}
| [
"$C_{g, \frac{1}{2}}$ may have an accuracy significantly lower than $C_{f, \frac{1}{2}}$ on $T$",
"$C_{h, 0}$ may have an accuracy significantly lower than $C_{f, \frac{1}{2}}$ on $T$",
"$C_{q, 0}$ may have an accuracy significantly lower than $C_{f, \frac{1}{2}}$ on $T$",
"$C_{g, \frac{1}{2}}$, $C_{h, 0}$, a... | D. $C_{g, rac{1}{2}}$, $C_{h, 0}$, and $C_{q, 0}$ have the same accuracy as $C_{f, rac{1}{2}}$ on $T$ | m1_pref |
arc_easy_1241 | When an ice cube melts, its state of matter changes from a | [
"gas to a liquid",
"solid to a liquid",
"liquid to a solid",
"solid to a gas"
] | B. solid to a liquid | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_10353 | A study found that young people have a stronger and more unpleasant scent than the elderly,while elderly people's smell was the most distinctive,less intense and unpleasant. Researchers said the change in our smell is driven by the chemicals we release through our glands and the bacteria on our skin. To test whether or not it really exists,scientists collected a series of samples from three groups of 12 to 16 donors,aged 20 to 30,45 to 55 and 75 to 95.Volunteers wore special T-shirts fitted with underarm pads as they slept for five nights,after which the pads were cut up and put in glass jars. A separate group of 41 people aged 20 to 30 was then asked to smell two jars at a time and asked which group of the donors was older,as well as rating how strong and unpleasant each smell was. When asked to specify whether a particular sample was from a young,middle aged or old person,they were much more successful at identifying older people. Despite being the most distinctive,the older people's smell was also rated as being obviously less intense and less unpleasant than those from the other groups. Researchers said their findings appeared to contradict people's negative ideas about the old person's smell but admitted other factors,like smelly breath or skin,could be to blame for its bad reputation. "Similar to other animals,humans can give off body scents that allow us to identify biological age,avoid sick individuals and pick a suitable partner. Elderly people have a distinctive scent that younger people consider to be not very unpleasant. This was surprising given the popular conception of old age scent as smelly. However,it's possible that other sources of body scents,such as skin or breath,may have different qualities," said Dr Johan Lundstrom,who led the study. According to the passage, people usually think that _ . | [
"old people's scent is simply from their breath",
"old people have a bad reputation mainly for their skin",
"old people's scent is terrible and unpleasant",
"old people give off a more pleasant scent"
] | C. old people's scent is terrible and unpleasant | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_71616 | My name is Sam. I'm tall. I have a round face and big eyes. I have a good friend. His name is Tom. He is short. He has red hair and big eyes. His favorite actor is Jackie Chan, and he thinks Jackie Chan is strong and cool.Our Chinese teacher is Miss Zhang. She is from Shanghai. She is 25 years old. She has long, black hair. She's Tom's favorite teacher. ,. . (5,2,10) Sam is a _ boy. | [
"tall",
"cool",
"short",
"thin"
] | A. tall | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_29989 | You're on the third lap around the car park, there are no open spaces, and you're already 15 minutes late for your appointment. Right now you're wishing you could jump out of the car and let it go to find its own spot. Now there's an app for that. Virtual Valet lets your smartphone tell your car to park without you in it. "You pull up to the roadside, push a button on your smartphone and the car takes care of everything else," says Aeron Steinfeld, the lead researcher for the project at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. To find its own spot, the system uses a sensor suite similar to ones found in many luxury cars. This includes a motion sensor that scans for moving cars and pedestrians, and a forward-facing laser rangefinder normally found in adaptive cruise control to determine the distance of objects in front of the car. Information from these sensors is then fed to an onboard computer to plot the vehicle's course. The users can watch the whole process from their phone. Better still, it will be affordable. The team has spent the last year moving from high-end imaging and processing equipment to less expensive components. In experiments, the vehicle was able to navigate through a crowded parking structure, find an empty spot, and park all on its own. And the greatest appeal of the Virtual Valet Parking App is that it requires no change to existing parking facilities or infrastructure. For the moment, the only car equipped for control by Virtual Valet is Carnegie Mellon' modified Jeep Wrangler, which the researchers have named NavLab11. But Steinfeld hopes that major car manufacturers will adopt the technology. It might be more than technology that holds up the show, however. Self-driving cars have been licensed in only three US states -- California, Nevada and Florida -- and it's unclear how this app would agree with self-driving laws. Until these questions are settled, your insurance provider might be unwilling to cover a ding from a parking incident. We can infer from the text that _ . | [
"no car manufacturers show interest in the technology",
"the technology is now widely used in the US",
"there will be some difficulty in promoting the technology",
"the technology conflicts with self-driving laws in the US"
] | C. there will be some difficulty in promoting the technology | mmlu_train |
aquarat_34628 | In 2008, a certain factory produced 20% more widgets than it did in 2007, and its production in 2009 was 120% of its production in 2008. By approximately what percent would its production need to decrease the following year for the factory to produce the same number of widgets it did in 2007? | [
"31%",
"35%",
"40%",
"44%",
"144%"
] | A. 31% | aquarat |
aquarat_38015 | A work which could be finished in 9 days was finished 3 days earlier after 10 more men joined. The number of men employed was? | [
"8",
"9",
"10",
"20",
"30"
] | C. 10 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_91686 | What is the sky? Where is it? How bright is it? What lies above it? These questions are difficult to answer, aren't they? Is the sky blue? The sky has no color. We know that there is air around the world. When planes fly, they need air to lift their wings. Planes can't fly very high because the air gets thinner when they go up higher. If we go up about 1,200 kilometers from the earth, we'll find no air there. When we talk about the sky, we usually mean the atmosphere around the earth. It is like a very thick "cover" over the earth and keeps it warm. Without the "cover", the earth would be a very cold place and nothing could live on it. Looking up above us, you will see the blue sky with white clouds. It is usually light blue, but the sky would be dark blue if you go to the top of the highest mountains. And you will see fewer clouds between you and the sun. And if you sit in a spaceship high above the earth, there is no air at all. The sky would be so dark that its color would be black. Sometimes the sky doesn't look blue. When the sun rises and falls, you will see red, orange, and other colors in the sky. These are the most beautiful moments of the day. Now you may understand that we see colors because the air scatters the sunlight. Light travels through the air. Without air, there would be no light and no colors. We can see colors of the sky because _ . | [
"the sun rises and falls every day",
"the sky has lots of colors",
"the air scatters the sunlight",
"the sunlight has many colors"
] | C. the air scatters the sunlight | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_93399 | Newly hatched turtles are easy prey for other animals. What is an important ability turtles have for better survival of their offspring? | [
"to fight off predators",
"to produce a toxin that makes them taste bad",
"to lay hundreds of eggs so a few will survive",
"to dig a hole and hide from predators"
] | C. to lay hundreds of eggs so a few will survive | mmlu_train |
arc_challenge_464 | Organisms can be separated by their most basic characteristics into the broadest groups known as | [
"kingdoms.",
"domains.",
"phyla.",
"orders."
] | B. domains. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_39628 | In the formula A = (2r)^3, if r is halved, then A is multiplied by ? | [
"64",
"1/8",
"1",
"8",
"1/64"
] | B. 1/8 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_57988 | Steven Jobs was born on February 24,1955,in San Francisco,California,and was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs.In 1961 the family moved to Mountain View, California.At that time people started to refer to the area as "Silicon Valley". As a child, Jobs preferred doing things by himself, not interested in team sports or other group activities.He enrolled in the HewlettPackard Explorer Club. There he saw his first computer at the age of twelve. He was very impressed, and knew right away that he wanted to work with computers. At that time almost all computers were so large that one could fill a room, and so costly that individuals could not afford to buy them.Advances in electronics, however, meant that the parts of a computer were getting smaller and the power of the computer was increasing. By 1980 the personal computer era was well underway.Apple was continually forced to improve its products to remain ahead, as more competitors entered the marketplace. Apple introduced the Apple III, but the new model suffered technical and marketing problems.It was removed from the market. Early in 1983 Jobs unveiled the Lisa.It did not sell well,however, because it was more expensive than personal computers sold by competitors.Apple's biggest competitor was International Business Machines (IBM). By 1983 it was estimated that Apple had lost half of its market share ( part of an industry's sales that a specific company has) to IBM. In 1984 Apple introduced a revolutionary new model, the Macintosh.The Macintosh did not sell well to businesses,however.It lacked features other personal computers had, such as a corresponding high quality printer. The failure of the Macintosh signaled the beginning of Jobs's downfall at Apple. Late in 1988 the NeXT computer was introduced, aimed at the educational market.The product was very userfriendly,and had a fast processing speed, excellent graphics displays,and an outstanding sound system.Despite the warm reception,however, the NeXT machine never caught on. It was too costly, had a blackandwhite screen, and could not be linked to other computers or run common software. One of the reasons why the NeXT computer didn't become popular is that _ . | [
"few people could afford it",
"it was not fast enough",
"it was not easy to use",
"it lacked super sound system"
] | A. few people could afford it | mmlu_train |
aquarat_18480 | A man misses a bus by 40 minutes if he travels at 30 kmph. If he travels at 40 kmph, then also he misses the bus by 10 minutes. What is the minimum speed required to catch the bus on time? | [
"17 kmph",
"45 kmph",
"86 kmph",
"197 kmph",
"15 kmph"
] | B. 45 kmph | aquarat |
aquarat_34660 | Find the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when the time is 3.25 | [
"47.5",
"47.9",
"47.6",
"47.2",
"47.1"
] | A. 47.5 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_33378 | People should listen to music for no more than one hour a day to protect their hearing, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests. It says 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of permanently damaging their hearing by listening to "too much, too loudly". It said audio devices , concerts and bars were causing a "serious threat". WHO figures show 43 million people aged 12-35 have hearing loss and the number is increasing. In that age group, the WHO said, half of the people in rich and middle-income countries were exposed to unsafe sound levels from personal audio devices. Meanwhile 40% were exposed to damaging levels of sound from clubs and bars. The proportion of US teenagers with hearing loss went from 3.5% in 1994 to 5.3% in 2006. "What we're trying to do is raise awareness of the problem that is not talked about enough, but has the potential to do a lot of damage that can be easily prevented," said Dr Etienne Krug, the WHO's director for injury prevention. The full report argued: "While it is important to keep the volume down, limiting the use of personal audio devices to less than one hour a day would do much to reduce noise exposure." Dr Krug said: "That's a rough recommendation, it is not by the minute, to give an idea to those spending 10 hours a day listening to an mp3-player. But even an hour can be too much if the volume is too loud." What might be the best title for the passage? | [
"Away from music",
"How to enjoy music",
"Risk of hearing loss",
"Warning of hearing damage"
] | D. Warning of hearing damage | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_68354 | You might think that Olympic athletes are the healthiest people in the world. It's true that many are. However, it's also true that many Olympic athletes had to overcome illnesses early in their lives. One excellent example is Wilma Rudolph. She competed in track-and-field events in the 1960 Olympics. She didn't win just one gold. She won three. At the time, people called her "the fastest woman in the world." As a young child, Wilma could not take part in sports. She had a series of serious illnesses, and then, at the age of 4, she got _ . She lost the use of her left leg, and the doctor said she would never walk again. The people in Wilma's family did everything they could to help her walk again. Wilma and her mother often traveled 100 miles to get treatments for her leg. Her brothers and sisters took turns giving her leg a daily massage. Four times a day, they helped her do special exercises for her leg. Amazingly, by the time Wilma was 9 years old, she was able to walk again. Before long, she started playing basketball and running. In high school, she was a track star and then she went to the Olympics. Wilma stopped being a runner when she was 22 years old. She then became a teacher and track coach. Her story encouraged many people to work hard and to overcome difficulties. What's the main idea of the passage? | [
"Wilma Rudolph's family helped her overcome polio.",
"Wilma Rudolph was seriously sick when she was a young girl.",
"Wilma Rudolph was a great Olympic athlete, coach and teacher.",
"Wilma Rudolph overcame many difficulties to become a great athlete."
] | D. Wilma Rudolph overcame many difficulties to become a great athlete. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_36937 | A woman is 20 years older than her son. In 5 years, her age will be twice the age of her son. The present age of her son is | [
"15",
"14",
"13",
"12",
"11"
] | A. 15 | aquarat |
aquarat_50980 | A reduction of 20% in the price of salt enables a lady to obtain 10kgs more for Rs.200, find the original price per kg? | [
"s.7",
"s.4",
"s.5",
"s.1",
"s.9"
] | C. s.5 | aquarat |
aquarat_36046 | A train sets off at 2 p.m. at the speed of 70 kmph. Another train starts at 4:30 p.m. in the same direction at the rate of 85 kmph. At what time the trains will meet? | [
"10.18 p.m",
"10.29 p.m",
"11.30 p.m",
"10.38 p.m",
"10.32 p.m"
] | C. 11.30 p.m | aquarat |
aquarat_49439 | There are two positive numbers in the ratio 5:8. If the larger number exceeds the smaller by 18, then find the smaller number? | [
"30",
"66",
"77",
"88",
"44"
] | A. 30 | aquarat |
arc_easy_1909 | Large populations of tortoises inhabited the Galapagos Islands before humans. When humans settled on the islands and introduced goats, the number of tortoise declined. What is most likely the explanation for the decrease in the tortoise population? | [
"Goats consume tortoise hatchlings.",
"Goats pollute water sources.",
"Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation.",
"Goats contribute to soil erosion."
] | C. Goats compete with tortoises for vegetation. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_31215 | Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare at the television--they are actually learning about the world, U. S. researchers said. Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television, based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tuffs University in Boston, who led the research. "Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional reactions of adults around them," Mumme said in a statement. "It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television." Mumme's team already knew that babies watch other children and adults for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some "yummy" soup or a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby's reaction. Mumme's team tested babies to determine if television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red letter holder, a blue ball, and a yellow lubber. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to be influenced by the videos, but the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted naturally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object. Mumme reached his conclusion by _ . | [
"measuring the time babies spent in front of TV",
"making TV programs and advertisements for kids",
"showing actors how to react to blue balls",
"observing small babies' reactions to TV programs"
] | D. observing small babies' reactions to TV programs | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_69845 | The colour systems used by scientists and artists are completely different. An artist will mix blue and yellow paint to get a shade of green; a scientist will mix green and red light to create yellow. The printed page in a magazine is yet another system. Scientists recognize the light primaries are red, green and blue. When mixed, red and green light rays produce yellow, blue and green produce cyan, red and blue produce magenta. Red, green and blue mix to create white (light). This colour model is used in computer monitors, television sets and theatre. Most artists recognize red, yellow and blue as the three basic primary colours. These primaries are the pure colours which cannot be created by mixing any other colours. In the print industry, cyan, magenta, yellow and black are used as the primary colours. When you mix all the colours, the result is gray. Which of the following is NOT true? | [
"Red, green and blue are used in television sets.",
"If scientists want to get white, they will mix red, yellow and blue.",
"Most artists think red, yellow and blue are the pure colours.",
"In the print industry, if you mix all the colours, you will get gray."
] | B. If scientists want to get white, they will mix red, yellow and blue. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_15310 | The most complex object known to humanity is the human brain -- and not only is it complex, but it is one of the few natural phenomena that science has no consciousness of. To try to replicate something that is so poorly understood may therefore seem like pride. But you have to start somewhere, and International Business Machines (IBM) and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Switzerland, propose to start by replicating "in silico", one of the brain's building blocks. In a partnership announced, the two organizations said they would be working together to build a simulation of a structure known as a neo-cortical column on a type of IBM supercomputer that is currently used to study the molecular functioning of genes. If that works, they plan to use more powerful computers to link such simulated columns together into something that mimics a brain. In a real brain, a neo-cortical column is a cylindrical element about a third of a millimeter in diameter and three millimeters long. It is these columns, arranged side by side like the cells of a honeycomb, which make up the famous "grey matter" that has become shorthand for human intelligence. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer that will be used for the simulation consists of enough independent processors for each to be programmed to mimic an individual nerve cell in a column. The EPFL's contribution to the Blue Brain Project will be to create a digital description of how the columns behave. The database from its Brain Mind Institute will provide the raw material for the simulation. Biologists and computer scientists will then connect the artificial nerve cells up in a way that mimics nature. They will do so by assigning electrical properties to them, and telling them how to communicate with each other and how they should modify their connections with one another depending on their activity. That will be no mean feat. Even a single nerve cell is complicated, not least because each one has about 10,000 connections with others. And nerve cells come in great variety--relying, for example, on different chemical transmitters to carry messages across those connections. Eventually, however, a digital representation of an entire column Should occur. Assuming that the growth of computing power continues to follow Moore's Law, the leader of IBM's side thinks it should be practical to mimic an entire human brain in silico this way in ten to fifteen years. Such an artificial brain would, of course, be a powerful research tool. It would allow neurological experiments that currently take days in a "web lab" to be conducted in seconds. The researchers hope that their simulated brain will reveal the secrets of how certain psychiatric and neurological, disorders develop. But that is probably not the real reason for doing it. The most interesting question, surely, is whether such an artificial brain will be intelligent, or conscious, or both. In a real brain, a neo-cortical column _ . | [
"looks like the cells of a honeycomb",
"is a simulation of a structure",
"is the famous \"grey matter\"",
"contains a large number of nerve cells"
] | D. contains a large number of nerve cells | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_37509 | Anne LaBastille was born in New York City and grew up in New Jersey. Her first experience with the wilderness was in the Adirondacks in the northeast of New York, where she worked at a summer resort to earn money for college tuition by caring for the horses, giving riding lessons, and working as a waitress. And she had many chances to begin her adventure in the Adirondack wilderness. Anne returned to school in the fall, but she continued to spend as much time as she could in the Adirondacks. She grew to love her time alone in the mountains. Anne graduated from college with a bachelor's degree in conservation of natural resources and began working for the National Audubon Society in Florida as a wildlife tour leader. Although Anne took great pleasure in showing people the animals living in the Florida Keys and the Everglades National Park, she longed for the mountains in the northern parts of New York. Finally she decided to build a cabin near Black Bear Lake. Over the years, however, more and more tourists began hiking near her cabin. As a result, Anne decided to build another cabin deeper in the woods at Lily Pad Lake. Anne lived in the woods for most of her life. She enjoyed living alone in the woods, and her life was far too busy for her to be lonely. When she was not writing books, she wrote articles for National Geographic, Reader's Digest, and other magazines. In her later years, Anne conducted research in Guatemala on an endangered bird called the grebe. She also lectured nationwide about ecology. Besides, Anne worked with a number of organizations dedicated to conservation. As a respected guide, author, and conservationist, Anne not only loved the land but also had found a way to become part of it. What's the main idea of the text? | [
"A brief introduction to Anne's life.",
"Anne's achievements.",
"Anne's adventures in the wilderness.",
"Anne's pioneering work in wildlife ecology."
] | A. A brief introduction to Anne's life. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_351 | Which object will most likely be attracted to a magnet? | [
"wooden block",
"plastic cup",
"metal nail",
"glass bead"
] | C. metal nail | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1378 | If a wooded area is cleared and corn is planted, what will MOST likely happen? | [
"Animal habitats will be destroyed.",
"The air will become polluted.",
"Weather patterns will change.",
"Underground streams will get polluted."
] | A. Animal habitats will be destroyed. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_30759 | Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season. "Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money or buy at least one technology product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology." Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association. He says the group's latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. " " From tablet computers to smart phones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market. There are more choices today than ever before. "It's kind of hard to make a decision." Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this year. Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com. The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products. He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets. Its starting price is $329. One of Apple's biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7. It starts at $199. " is more powerful than what's in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple's maps. But Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7. "If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don't really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest robust group of apps that's where the iPad and Apple's ecosystem shines the most." Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through WiFi. This makes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. "You can literally take a picture and upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things." Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smart phones, laptops and tablets. What does "Its hardware" in Paragraph 6 refer to? | [
"The hardware of tablet computers.",
"The hardware of the Apple iPad.",
"The hardware of the Google Nexus 7.",
"The hardware of the iPad Mini."
] | C. The hardware of the Google Nexus 7. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_25562 | Of the families in City X in 1992, 30 percent owned a personal computer. The number of families in City X owning a computer in 1999 was 50 percent greater than it was in 1992, and the total number of families in City X was 5 percent greater in 1999 than it was in 1994. what percent of the families in City X owned a personal computer in 1999? | [
"43%",
"42.85%",
"45.25%",
"46.23%",
"41.66%"
] | B. 42.85% | aquarat |
aquarat_17028 | An employee may claim Rs. 7.00 for each km when he travels by taxi and Rs. 6.00 for each km if he drives his own car. If in one week he claimed Rs. 595 for traveling 90 km. How many kms did he travel by taxi ? | [
"55 kms",
"85 kms",
"65 kms",
"15 kms",
"25 kms"
] | A. 55 kms | aquarat |
mmlu_train_59324 | The Spotlightin Rio Phelps puts spotlight on cupping Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps fed American swimmers t0 8 gofd medal in the4xiOO-meter relay, but .what grabbed media attention and led to stories and photos around the globe were the purple and red circles on his back Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on h/s shoulder as he competes during the 2016 Rio Olympics men's 200m butterfly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , Aug 8,2016Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui goes viralChain's women's swimmer Fu Yuanhui has created a sensation online not just by winning thebronze medal in the 1OOm backstroke competition, but also by her facial expressions during thepost semi-final interview with China Central Television (CCTV) on MondayWhen asked whether she held back for the final, Fu replied, "No, I utilized my 'prehistorical power'." What she meant was that she had spared no efforts in the semi-final. Since then. eso-called "prehistorical power" has gone viral and become a new Internet meme Britain wins first Olympic diving gold in men's synchronized 3m springboard(3) Britain's Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China's gold medal monopoly over diving events at the R/o Olympics by winning the men's synchronized 3m springboard final On Wednesday, the country's first-ever Olympic gold medal in divingLaugher and Mears finished with a six-round total of 454.32 points, just 4.11 points ahead ofsilver medallists Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center.China's Cao Yuan and Qin Kai took the bronze with 443.70 points What attracted media attention with Phelps' winning the gold medal | [
"His great leadership.",
"His scars on his back.",
"The cupping marks on his back.",
"His achievements he made in the men's 200rn butterfly."
] | C. The cupping marks on his back. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_29825 | A man takes 5 hours 45 min in walking to a certain place and riding back. He would have gained 2 hours by riding both ways. The time he would take to walk both ways is | [
"7 hrs 95 min",
"7 hrs 49 min",
"7 hrs 45 min",
"7 hrs 15 min",
"6 hrs 45 min"
] | C. 7 hrs 45 min | aquarat |
m1_pref_155 | A neural network has been trained for multi-class classification using cross-entropy but has not necessarily achieved a global or local minimum on the training set.
The output of the neural network is $\mathbf{z}=[z_1,\ldots,z_d]^ op$ obtained from the penultimate values $\mathbf{x}=[x_1,\ldots,x_d]^ op$ via softmax $z_k= rac{\exp(x_k)}{\sum_{i}\exp(x_i)}$ that can be interpreted as a probability distribution over the $d$ possible classes.
The cross-entropy is given by $H(\mathbf{y},\mathbf{z})=-\sum_{i=1}^{d} y_i \ln{z_i}$ where $\mathbf{y}$ is one-hot encoded meaning the entity corresponding to the true class is 1 and other entities are 0.
We now modify the neural network, either by scaling $\mathbf{x} \mapsto lpha \mathbf{x}$ where $lpha \in \R_{>0}$ or through a shift $\mathbf{x} \mapsto \mathbf{x} + b\mathbf{1}$ where $b \in \R$.
The modified $\mathbf{x}$ values are fed into the softmax to obtain the final output and the network / parameters are otherwise unchanged.
How do these transformations affect the training accuracy of the network? | [
"One transformation has no effect, the other one decreases the accuracy in some cases (but never increases it).",
"One transformation has no effect, the other sometimes increases and sometimes decreases the accuracy.",
"Neither transformation affects the accuracy.",
"Both transformations decrease the accuracy... | C. Neither transformation affects the accuracy. | m1_pref |
aquarat_2855 | A field is 90 metre long and 50 metre broad. A 25 metre long, 20 metre broad and 4 metre deep tank dug in the field and the earth taken out is spread evenly over the remaining field. How much the level of field will rise? | [
"0.5 metre",
"0.3 metre",
"0.8 metre",
"0.6 metre",
"0.7 metre"
] | A. 0.5 metre | aquarat |
arc_challenge_993 | The weather forecast says a heavy snowstorm is coming later today. Which weather observation is likely just before the snow? | [
"clear sky",
"thick grey clouds",
"small white clouds",
"warm temperature"
] | B. thick grey clouds | arc_challenge |
mmlu_train_77042 | What's the strongest part of your body? Your head? Bones? It's your teeth. There is a special thing called enamel in teeth. It is the hardest thing in the human body and keeps bacteria away. However, teeth are hurt easily to problems and disease. September 20 is National Teeth-loving Day in China. Let's pay attention to the health of our teeth. Teeth problems are common around the world. Most children and young adults have tooth decay . A study which come out on China Health Monthly magazine this year showed that 40.74% of a sample of 1,306 Chinese students under age 15 has decayed teeth. Food that is rich in sugar increases the risk of tooth decay. After you eat, bacteria go crazy over the sugar on your teeth. The bacteria turn sugar into acids that eat away at tooth enamel. This causes holes in your teeth. Another common problem is crooked teeth . When your new teeth begin to grow and the old teeth haven't fallen out, there isn't enough space for the new ones. This causes crooked teeth. Don't worry. Here are some ways to keep your teeth healthy. *Brush at least twice a day in the morning and in the evening. *Learn to use dental floss . The floss gets rid of food that's hidden where your toothbrush can't get it. *Visit a dentist. He or she can check if you have any dental problems and help you clean your teeth. *Pay attention to what you eat. It's better to eat lots of fruit and vegetables instead of fries and drink water instead of soda. *Wear braces to make your teeth straight and beautiful. Which of the following is NOT true about decayed teeth? | [
"Once you eat sugar, you must have decayed teeth.",
"Bacteria become strong over the sugar on your teeth.",
"Bacteria can turn sugar into acids that eat away at tooth enamel.",
"If you have decayed teeth, there may be holes in those teeth."
] | A. Once you eat sugar, you must have decayed teeth. | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_642 | Two processes are involved in the formation of a sand dune. Which two processes best describe how a sand dune forms? | [
"wind erosion then deposition",
"plate movement then deposition",
"wind erosion then water erosion",
"water erosion then plate movement"
] | A. wind erosion then deposition | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_52818 | Recently, some concerns have been raised about the health of the world's banana plants. Many media reports have said that bananas may completely disappear in the coming ten years. Bananas are one of the world's most important food crops. They are also the fourth most valuable export. Bananas do not grow from seeds. Instead, they grow from existing plants. Bananas are threatened by disease because all the plants on a farm are copies of each other. They all share the same genetic weaknesses. For example, the Cavendish banana is most popular in American markets. It is an important export crop. However, some kinds of fungus organisms easily infect the Cavendish. Black Sigatoka disease affects the leaves of Cavendish banana plants. The disease is controlled on large farms by putting chemicals on the plant's leaves. Farmers put anti-fungal chemicals on their crops up to once a week. Another fungal disease is more serious. Panama disease attacks the roots of the banana plant. There is no chemical treatment for this disease. Infected plants must be destroyed. Panama disease has affected crops in Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa. There is concern that it may spread to bananas grown in the Americas. This could threaten an important export product for Central and South America. The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, whose headquarter lies in France, supports research on bananas. The group says that more research must be done to develop improved kinds of bananas. The group says that fungal diseases mainly affect only one kind of banana. In fact, there are five-hundred different kinds of bananas. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says the Cavendish banana represents only ten percent of world production. The UN agency says farmers should grow different kinds of bananas. This protects against diseases that affect only one kind. Experts warn that disease may cause the Cavendish banana to disappear. This has already happened to one popular banana because of its genetic weakness against disease. (words: 335) According to the passage, which information is right? | [
"The Cavendish banana can be mainly imported from North America and Europe.",
"Fungal diseases mainly affect the Cavendish banana.",
"The Cavendish banana won't die out in the future.",
"Panama disease affects the leaves of banana plants."
] | B. Fungal diseases mainly affect the Cavendish banana. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_43876 | Mother,her daughter and her grand child weighs 130 kg. daughter and her daughter(child) weighs 60 kg. child is 1/5th of her grand mother. What is the age of the daughter? | [
"46",
"47",
"48",
"49",
"50"
] | A. 46 | aquarat |
arc_easy_369 | Which of the following is an example of matter changing state? | [
"heating a pan of water until the water is all gone",
"putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it",
"heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue",
"transferring sugar into a storage container"
] | A. heating a pan of water until the water is all gone | arc_easy |
arc_easy_1307 | A condition in bees called "colony collapse disorder" occurs when worker bees leave the hive to collect nectar and never return. How would a decline in the bee population most likely affect a farm ecosystem? | [
"There would be a decrease in soil thickness.",
"There would be a decline in fruit production.",
"There would be an increase in plant diseases.",
"There would be an increase in insect pest populations."
] | B. There would be a decline in fruit production. | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_93604 | Deer eat different types of plants in an ecosystem. Which method would best show the percentages of the plant types in the deer diet? | [
"pie chart",
"bar graph",
"line graph",
"scatterplot"
] | A. pie chart | mmlu_train |
aquarat_20534 | It takes 30 days to fill a laboratory dish with bacteria. If the size of the bacteria doubles each day, how long did it take for the bacteria to fill 1/32 of the dish? | [
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29"
] | A. 25 | aquarat |
aquarat_10133 | Sum of the squares of 3 no. is 149 and the sum of their products taken two at a time is 70. Find the sum? | [
"17",
"19",
"21",
"13",
"18"
] | A. 17 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_9204 | Dr. Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr. a professor at the University Of Virginia School Of Medicine infected six student volunteers with virus, the most common cause of colds. A few days later, when they were coughing and sneezing, he gathered 37 more people and divided them into three groups. Group 1 members spent three days and nights in the same room with one of the infected students, separated by a screen so they couldn't touch one another. Group 2 sat around a table while an infected volunteer talked, coughed and sang to them. Group 3 held hands with an infected student for ten seconds, and then touched their own noses or eyes. Although most scientists at the time, the mid-70s, believed colds were spread by virus-laden droplets spread through the air when infected people coughed or sneezed, Gwaltney suspected physical contact might play an important role. Sure enough, of the 15 people who had touched a student volunteer, 11 became infected--compared with only one of those who had been sitting at the table, and none who had spent three days and nights together. "The best evidence we have is that hand-to-hand contact is the most efficient way of transmitting virus," says Gwaltney. The study was one of a series that helped establish Gwaltney's reputation as a leading authority. Dr. Robert Couch says, "It would not be inappropriate to call him Mr. Common Cold." When Gwaltney is asked how close scientists are to finding a cure, he replies: "If you mean 'get rid of', I don't think we're going to be able to do that with cold viruses any time soon. But if you look in the dictionary, you'll see that 'cure' is explained as a successful treatment. And we're not just getting more effective at treating the symptoms --we're getting at the root cause too. " Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? | [
"Dr. Gwaltney was sure that hand-to-hand touch is the cause of the common cold.",
"Only one of the people who had spent three days and nights together became infected.",
"Dr. Gwaltney conducted many an experiment as to the cause of colds.",
"Dr. Gwaltney tested altogether 43 volunteers to see how they could d... | C. Dr. Gwaltney conducted many an experiment as to the cause of colds. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_86784 | Welcome to Wen Feng's Clothes Shop! Big Sale ! Goods Colors Price (each) Pants Black, white, brown Y=65 Coat Black Y= 95 Cap Blue, white Y= 15 T-shirt Red, green Y= 60 Shoes Black , white Y= 80 Bag Blue Y= 35 Jack wants to buy two pairs of pants and one bag. How much are they? | [
"One hundred yuan .",
"One hundred and fifty yuan .",
"One hundred and sixty-five yuan .",
"One hundred and eighty yuan ."
] | C. One hundred and sixty-five yuan . | mmlu_train |
aquarat_49873 | Find the odd man out
864, 420, 200, 90, 40, 16, 6 | [
"90",
"200",
"16",
"40",
"6"
] | A. 90 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_53605 | Up to 90% of school leavers in major Asian cities are suffering from myopia ---short-sightedness, a study suggests. Researchers say the "extraordinary rise" in the problem is being caused by students working very hard in school and missing out on outdoor light. Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred beyond 2m. It is often caused by an elongation of the eyeball that happens when people are young. According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors - a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light. Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes, but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes. Cultural factors also seem to play a part. Across many parts of South East Asia, children often have a lunchtime nap. According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness. A big concern is the numbers of the students suffering from "high" myopia. One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment and even blindness. These people are at considerable risk--sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses--they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to an ophthalmologist and get some help. For decades, researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition. But this study strongly suggests an alternative view. "Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn't fit with that speed of change; gene pools just don't change in two generations. Whether it's a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn't matter, the thing that's changed is not the gene pool---it's the environment." Which of the following statements do you think agrees with Professor Morgan? | [
"A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia.",
"Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse.",
"It's necessary to treat myopia with an operation.",
"It's of vital importance to reduce educational pressure."
] | D. It's of vital importance to reduce educational pressure. | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_17451 | There are new and exciting ways to use the Internet to learn English while you are on - line. The Internet uses a lot of multimedia elements ,like words, sounds, pictures, animations and video. This is perfect for studying a language because you've got to see, hear, and repeat things as much as you like. Learning over the Internet is also funny because you can be a part of conversations happening all around the globe ! Special Internet sites are designed for people learning English, just like yourself. These sites use multimedia to help you learn and are a great way to meet other people around the world. This is Cyber English. On the Internet, English is the major language. As a result, it is now more important than ever to be able to understand English when you serve the web. It is not always easy,though. The English can be difficult or have a lot of cultural information that you have never seen ! One site for students studying English and their teachers is Englishtown. At http://www. english- town. com, you will find a community ( group) of people interested in learning English. There are several buildings in the virtual town where you can play games, chat with friends, ask and get answers about cultural questions, and find an international penfriend who shares your interests. There are extra resources to help you learn,such as multimedia CD - ROM and books for language learning and translation. You can also have daily and monthly English lessons delivered to your own e - mail address. There is even an on - line school where you can take English classes over Lhe Internet. Englishtown is the perfect place to prefect for a trip to England or the United States ! Would you like to become part of a virtual community of English sfH-aktrs : Surfing the web is not only funny but can also help improve your English ! Try out >ome of tlv, web sites listed below and see how students all over the world are learning English on line. Cyber English probably means" ". | [
"learning English on Internet",
"teaching yourself English",
"the history of English",
"English broadcast on TV or over the radio"
] | A. learning English on Internet | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_1905 | Garrett collected some large rocks from a stream near his home. He measured the rocks on a balance. When he records the mass of the rocks, which units should Garrett use? | [
"pounds",
"kilograms",
"fluid ounces",
"cubic centimeters"
] | B. kilograms | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_2159 | Which of the following does not affect the strength of an electromagnet? | [
"number of times the wire is looped around the core",
"size of the object being attracted by the core",
"type of material in the core",
"amount of material in the core"
] | B. size of the object being attracted by the core | mmlu_train |
arc_easy_536 | Nonrenewable sources of energy have limited supplies. Researchers are developing devices that will make renewable energy more available. Which is a source of renewable energy? | [
"coal",
"gasoline",
"oil",
"wind"
] | D. wind | arc_easy |
mmlu_train_40812 | In 2013, a report from The Nero England Journal of Medicine showed that increased body weight is related to the death rate for all cancers. This is based on a study involving about 900,000 people, spanning many years. The study, started in 1992 by the American Cancer Society, included men and women from all 50 states. The youngest participants were 30 years old, and the '8verage age was 57. By December 2008, 24% of the participants had died, just a quarter of them from cancers. In analyzing the results, researchers attempted to take account of such potential factors as smoking drinking alcohol, taking aspirin and a wide variety of other factors that might otherwise affect the results. The results are clear the more you weigh, the greater your risk of dying of cancer will be (up to 52% higher for men and 62% for women). In men as well as women, the only cancers that did not have a strong connection with weight were lung cancer and-brain cancer. For women, the strongest correlation with weight was uterine cancer ,which is 6.5 times higher for women with a BMI(Body Mass Index)of 40 or more. For men, it was liver cancer, which is 4.5 times higher in most obese men. Smokers tend to be more successful in keeping weight off than non-smokers ,slightly reducing the risk ,But many of them don't have good lungs .Thus ,in another way ,they also face risks. As for why extra weight leads to excess cancer death rate ,there's no clear agreement .But the decrease in vitamin D in obese people seems a likely factor .Vitamin D is known to have a role in preventing cancer .Also, there is a simple fact that obesity makes the management of cancer more difficult .Although for now there is no simple answer to why obesity increases a person's cancer risk ,all we know for certain is that the risk is real. The author develops the passage mainly through _ . | [
"time order",
"space order",
"analysis and comparison",
"figures and examples,"
] | C. analysis and comparison | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_69913 | A study finds that not enough morning light causes teenagers not to get enough sleep at night. "As teenagers spend more time indoors, they miss necessary morning light. Day light is needed to keep the balance of the body's 24-hour biological system , which regulates body temperature and sleep styles," reports Dr. Mariana Figueiro. "These teenagers who receive little morning light are going to bed later, getting less sleep and doing badly in tests. They are more likely to fail in their exams." In the study, Dr. Figueiro asked 11 students in Grade 8 to wear special glasses to prevent blue morning light from reaching their eyes. At the end of the 5-day study she found that they fell asleep 30 minutes later than usual. Throughout her research, Dr. Figueiro has been very worried about teenagers going to bed too late. The problem is that today's schools require teenagers to be in school very early in the morning. These students are likely to miss the morning light because they often go to school before the sun is up or as it's just rising. Furthermore , the schools are not likely to provide enough electric light to keep the balance of this biological system. Our biological system is much more sensitive to blue light. Therefore, having lots of light in the classroom does not make sure that there is enough light to keep our biological system balanced. What's the problem of the students according to the study? | [
"There are not enough electric lights in the classroom.",
"Being in school early affects their study habits.",
"They have to go to bed very early to have enough sleep.",
"They go to school too early to get enough morning light."
] | D. They go to school too early to get enough morning light. | mmlu_train |
aquarat_5911 | Siddharth wants to borrow Rs.10000 at rate of interest 6% p.a. at S.I and lend the same amount at C.I at same rate of interest for two years. What would be his income in the above transaction? | [
"s.21.60",
"s.36.00",
"s.22.29",
"s.21.26",
"s.21.12"
] | B. s.36.00 | aquarat |
aquarat_34792 | A certain college party is attended by both male and female students. The ratio of male to female students is 4 to 5. If 12 of the male students were to leave the party, the ratio would change to 1 to 2. How many total students are at the party? | [
"64",
"72",
"80",
"88",
"96"
] | B. 72 | aquarat |
arc_challenge_1064 | How do the sprouts of seeds buried in complete dark in the soil find their way to the surface of the soil? | [
"They grow toward light.",
"They grow toward surface warmth.",
"They grow opposite the direction of the bedrock.",
"They grow opposite the direction of the pull of gravity."
] | D. They grow opposite the direction of the pull of gravity. | arc_challenge |
aquarat_11986 | In the island of Hanoi is trapped a princess. To rescue her, the prince has to transfer a set of rings
numbered 1 to 7 from tower A to tower C. The rings are stacked one over the other in an order, with 1 at the top and 6 at the bottom, and have to be stacked in the same fashion on tower C. The prince can move only one ring at a time, and can store the rings in a stack, temporarily, in another tower B.Minimum how many moves of rings, between the towers, will it take the prince to arrange the rings in tower C ? | [
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17"
] | A. 13 | aquarat |
aquarat_23791 | ----------------YES---------NO----UNSURE Subject M----500--------200-----100 Subject R----400--------100-----300 A total of 800 students were asked whether they found two subjects, M and R, interesting. Each answer was either yes or no or unsure, and the numbers of students who gave these answers are listed in the table above. If 170 students answered yes only for subject M, how many of the students did not answer yes for either subject? | [
"100",
"230",
"300",
"400",
"500"
] | B. 230 | aquarat |
mmlu_train_1430 | A doorbell contains a simple electromagnet. Which change would most likely increase the strength of an electromagnet? | [
"longer wires",
"fewer wire coils",
"an aluminum core",
"a larger power source"
] | D. a larger power source | mmlu_train |
aquarat_44489 | If 20% of a = b, then b% of 20 is the same as : | [
"4% of a",
"6% of a",
"8% of a",
"10% of a",
"15 of a"
] | A. 4% of a | aquarat |
aquarat_8104 | It is the New Year and Mandy has made a resolution to lose weight this year. She plans to exercise and do yoga. For exercise she plans to workout at the gym and ride her bicycle in the ratio of 2:3 everyday. She will also do yoga in the ratio, yoga:exercise = 2:3. If she does yoga for 25 minutes, how much time will she spend in the gym? | [
"35 min",
"5 min",
"15 min",
"25 min",
"20 min"
] | D. 25 min | aquarat |
mmlu_train_48989 | Teaching and research are supported by the University's extensive collections--the Yale University Art Gallery, the Yale Center for British Art, the Peabody Museum of Natural History, and the Collection of Musical Instruments. All the collections are open to the public. Yale University Art Gallery The Yale University Art Gallery, founded in 1832, today houses a collection that has grown to rank with those of the major public art museums in the United States. Its two connected buildings house ancient, medieval, and Renaissance art, Near and Far Eastern art, archaeological material from the University's excavations , Pre-Columbian and African art, works of European and American masters from actually every period, and a rich collection of modern art. Across the street, the Yale Center for British Art, which was opened in 1977, holds the largest collection of British art and illustrated books anywhere outside the United Kingdom. Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History, founded in 1866, contains one of the great scientific collections in North America. Among its holdings are the University's comprehensive mineralogical and ornithological collections, the second-largest repository of dinosaur artifacts in the United States, and the largest undamaged Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus ) in the world. The Peabody is truly a working museum, where public exhibition, research, conservation, teaching, and learning intersect . Yale Center for British Art Institutions like the Art Gallery, the Center for British Art, and the Peabody Museum hold only a portion of the treasures in the University's collections. From paintings by Picasso, to pterodactyl remains, to a 1689 tenor viol in the Collection of Musical Instruments, Yale's possessions are meant to be accessible to the communities they enrich. Collection of Musical Instruments Exhibitions are also frequently mounted at the following venues on campus: Art + Architecture Gallery (School of Architecture), Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Green Hall Gallery (School of Art), and Sterling Memorial Library, including the Arts of the Book Collection. We can learn from the passage that in Yale, _ . | [
"collections are partly open to the public",
"there are many venues just for exhibitions",
"collections are from art museums in the US",
"exhibitions are frequently mounted on campus"
] | D. exhibitions are frequently mounted on campus | mmlu_train |
mmlu_train_22250 | Even bird brains can get to know an entire continent ----- but it takes them a year of migration to do so, suggests a Princeton research team. The scientists have shown that migration adult sparrows can find their way to their winter nesting grounds even after being thrown off course by thousands of miles. The team first brought 30 sparrows to Princeton from northern Washington State, where the birds had been in the process of migrating southward from their summer breeding grounds inprefix = st1 /Alaska. Half the birds were juveniles of about three months in age that had never migrated before, while the other half were adults that had made the round trip to their wintering site in the south-western United States at least once. After the birds were released, they attempted to resume their migration, but both age group grew disoriented quickly. "All the birds scattered at first," Wikelski said. "It was clear that they were turned around for a couple of days. But while the adults eventually realized they had to head southwest, the younger birds resumed flying straight southward as though they were still in Washington." "The adults," said team member Richard Holland, "recovered their bearings because they possess something the younger birds do not, which is an internal map." "These birds need two things to know where they are and migrate effectively: a 'map' and a 'compass'," saidHolland, a postdoctoral research associate in Wikelski's lab. "What we've found is that juveniles use their compass, but the adults also use their map." Hollandsaid, "The birds do not lose the compass as they age, but somehow develop the map, eventually applying both tools to keep on track during migratory flights. Scientists already have determined that the compass is based on the sun or the magnetic field, but where the map comes from remains a mystery----one that the team will be exploring in coming years." Scientists are still not sure _ . | [
"what guides sparrows in their migratory flights",
"what a 'compass' is based on",
"what a 'map' is based on",
"in what way magnetic field can help sparrows in their flight"
] | C. what a 'map' is based on | mmlu_train |
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