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The Newbery-Vautin chlorination process is a method for extracting gold from its ore through the use of chlorination. This process was jointly developed by James Cosmo Newbery and Claude Vautin.
Background
The process of extracting and reducing gold from pyrite in gold ores using chlorine gas was initially introduced ... | Newbery–Vautin chlorination process | Wikipedia | 148 | 38088194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newbery%E2%80%93Vautin%20chlorination%20process | Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Metallurgical processes, Metallurgy, Chemical processes, nan, Chemical process engineering | llm_classification |
In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material . It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. In general there are... | Rule of mixtures | Wikipedia | 620 | 38088608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule%20of%20mixtures | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Materials science, Thermodynamics, nan, Laws of thermodynamics | llm_classification |
In general relativity, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation (HJEE) or Einstein–Hamilton–Jacobi equation (EHJE) is an equation in the Hamiltonian formulation of geometrodynamics in superspace, cast in the "geometrodynamics era" around the 1960s, by Asher Peres in 1962 and others. It is an attempt to reformulate general... | Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation | Wikipedia | 1,531 | 38093020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Jacobi%E2%80%93Einstein%20equation | Physics, Mathematics | null | Theoretical physics, Unsolved problems in physics, Classical mechanics, General relativity, Hamiltonian mechanics, Quantum gravity, Theory of relativity, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Dynamical systems | llm_classification |
Simcenter Amesim is a commercial simulation software for the modeling and analysis of multi-domain systems. It is part of systems engineering domain and falls into the mechatronic engineering field.
The software package is a suite of tools used to model, analyze and predict the performance of mechatronics systems. Mod... | Simcenter Amesim | Wikipedia | 1,113 | 38094287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simcenter%20Amesim | Mathematics, Engineering | null | Industrial engineering, Computer-aided engineering, Construction, Numerical software, Mathematical software | llm_classification |
SolveSpace is a free and open-source 2D/3D constraint-based parametric computer-aided design (CAD) software that supports basic 2D and 3D constructive solid geometry modeling.
It is a constraint-based parametric modeler with simple mechanical simulation capabilities. Version 2.1 and onward runs on Windows, Linux and m... | SolveSpace | Wikipedia | 1,943 | 38094543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SolveSpace | Engineering | null | Computer-aided design, Design engineering | llm_classification |
The deutoplasm comprises the food particles stored in the cytoplasm of an ovum or a cell, as distinguished from protoplasm, the yolk substance. Generally, the deutoplasm accumulates about the nucleus and is heavier than the surrounding cytoplasm. In chicken eggs, the cytoplasm and deutoplasm are separate.
The primary ... | Deutoplasm | Wikipedia | 118 | 38095130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutoplasm | Biology | null | Cell biology | llm_classification |
Quantum excitation is the effect in circular accelerators or storage rings whereby the discreteness of photon emission causes the charged particles (typically electrons) to undergo a random walk or diffusion process.
Mechanism
An electron moving through a magnetic field emits radiation called synchrotron radiation. T... | Quantum excitation (accelerator physics) | Wikipedia | 404 | 43727603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20excitation%20%28accelerator%20physics%29 | Physics | null | Accelerator physics, Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Experimental physics | llm_classification |
In quantum mechanics, the Byers–Yang theorem states that all physical properties of a doubly connected system (an annulus) enclosing a magnetic flux through the opening are periodic in the flux with period (the magnetic flux quantum). The theorem was first stated and proven by Nina Byers and Chen-Ning Yang (1961), an... | Byers–Yang theorem | Wikipedia | 368 | 43730809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byers%E2%80%93Yang%20theorem | Physics, Mathematics | null | Theorems in quantum mechanics, Equations of physics, Quantum mechanics, Theorems in mathematical physics, Physics theorems | llm_classification |
A protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2–6-base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system. The PAM is a component of the invading virus or plasmid, but is not found in the bacterial host genome and hence is not a component of t... | Protospacer adjacent motif | Wikipedia | 908 | 43732972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protospacer%20adjacent%20motif | Engineering, Biology | null | Genetics techniques, Genetic engineering, Genome editing | llm_classification |
This is a list of South American countries by life expectancy.
United Nations (2023)
Estimation of the analytical agency of the UN.
UN: Estimate of life expectancy for various ages in 2023
UN: Change of life expectancy from 2019 to 2023
World Bank Group (2022)
Estimation of the World Bank Group for 2022. The data i... | List of South American countries by life expectancy | Wikipedia | 192 | 60143839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20South%20American%20countries%20by%20life%20expectancy | Biology | null | Senescence, Life expectancy | llm_classification |
Non-linear phononics is the physics in solids created or triggered by large amplitude oscillations of phonons, the elementary vibration of the crystal lattice. It is an extension of the field of phononics, which studies the regime of small harmonic vibrations and related phenomena in materials. In contrast to phononic... | Non-linear phononics | Wikipedia | 112 | 60143883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear%20phononics | Physics, Materials_science | null | Quasiparticles, Subatomic particles, Condensed matter physics, Matter | llm_classification |
GM Crops & Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering agricultural and food biotechnology. It was established in 2010 as GM Crops, obtaining its current name in 2012. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editors-in-chief are Naglaa A. Abdallah (... | GM Crops & Food | Wikipedia | 133 | 60155045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM%20Crops%20%26%20Food | Biology | null | Biotechnology literature, Biotechnology journals | llm_classification |
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a class of in vitro biochemical test used for rapid detection of antibody or antigen in sample. FPIA is a competitive homogenous assay, that consists of a simple prepare and read method, without the requirement of separation or washing steps.
The basis of the assay is fl... | Fluorescence polarization immunoassay | Wikipedia | 978 | 53814193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence%20polarization%20immunoassay | Chemistry, Biology | null | Biochemistry methods, Biochemistry, Immunologic tests | llm_classification |
Electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) is a method to control the magnetic moments inside a material using quantum mechanical effects like the spin–orbit interaction. Mainly, EDSR allows to flip the orientation of the magnetic moments through the use of electromagnetic radiation at resonant frequencies. EDSR was first p... | Electric dipole spin resonance | Wikipedia | 1,997 | 46907831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20dipole%20spin%20resonance | Physics | null | Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics | llm_classification |
Lai-Sang Lily Young (, born 1952) is a Hong Kong-born American mathematician who holds the Henry & Lucy Moses Professorship of Science and is a professor of mathematics and neural science at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of
New York University. Her research interests include dynamical systems, ergodic ... | Lai-Sang Young | Wikipedia | 630 | 46918469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai-Sang%20Young | Mathematics | null | Dynamical systems theorists, Dynamical systems | llm_classification |
An Eco-Block is an environmental-friendly brick made from recycled materials and construction waste. The brick was invented by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2006. Its major feature is to catalyze the nitrogen oxide and other pollutants in air into non-hazardous substances. Eco-Blocks have been mainly used as ... | Eco-Block | Wikipedia | 756 | 42322190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-Block | Physics, Engineering | null | Masonry, Building engineering, Construction, Materials, Building materials, Matter, Architecture | llm_classification |
In condensed matter physics, a Bogoliubov quasiparticle or Bogoliubon is a quasiparticle that occurs in superconductors. Whereas superconductivity is characterized by the condensation of Cooper pairs into the same ground quantum state, Bogoliubov quasiparticles are elementary excitations above the ground state, which a... | Bogoliubov quasiparticle | Wikipedia | 161 | 58636241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogoliubov%20quasiparticle | Physics, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Matter, Materials science stubs, Physical quantities, Superconductivity, Materials science, Subatomic particles, Condensed matter physics, Quasiparticles, Condensed matter stubs, Electrical resistance and conductance | llm_classification |
4-Vinylpyridine (4-VP) is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHC5H4N. It is a derivative of pyridine with a vinyl group in the 4-position. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples are often brown. It is a monomeric precursor to specialty polymers. 4-Vinylpyridine is prepared by the condensation of 4-m... | 4-Vinylpyridine | Wikipedia | 231 | 58639717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Vinylpyridine | Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Monomers, Polymer chemistry | llm_classification |
ECOSTRESS (Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station) is an ongoing scientific experiment in which a radiometer mounted on the International Space Station (ISS) measures the temperature of plants growing in specific locations on Earth over the course of a solar year. These measurements give sc... | ECOSTRESS | Wikipedia | 775 | 58640005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECOSTRESS | Physics, Technology, Engineering | null | Telecommunications engineering, Spectrum (physical sciences), Electromagnetic radiation meters, Electromagnetic spectrum, Measuring instruments, Radiometry | llm_classification |
Atsuko Miyaji (, born 1965) is a Japanese cryptographer and number theorist known for her research on elliptic-curve cryptography and software obfuscation. She is a professor in the Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, at Osaka University.
Education and career
Miyaji was born in Osaka Prefec... | Atsuko Miyaji | Wikipedia | 294 | 58641040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsuko%20Miyaji | Mathematics | null | Number theorists, Number theory | llm_classification |
Lisa Pratt is an American biogeochemist and astrobiologist who served as the 7th Planetary Protection Officer for NASA from 2018 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. Her academic work as a student, professor, and researcher on organisms and their respective environments prepared her for the position, in which she was ... | Lisa Pratt | Wikipedia | 1,035 | 58643344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Pratt | Chemistry | null | Geochemists, Biogeochemistry, Biogeochemists | llm_classification |
Compressor surge is a form of aerodynamic instability in axial compressors or centrifugal compressors. The term describes violent air flow oscillating in the axial direction of a compressor, which indicates the axial component of fluid velocity varies periodically and may even become negative. In early literature, the ... | Surge in compressors | Wikipedia | 1,263 | 58646074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge%20in%20compressors | Chemistry | null | Gas compressors, Turbomachinery | llm_classification |
In mathematics and more precisely in group theory, the commuting probability (also called degree of commutativity or commutativity degree) of a finite group is the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute. It can be used to measure how close to abelian a finite group is. It can be generalized to infinite ... | Commuting probability | Wikipedia | 360 | 58646755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuting%20probability | Mathematics | null | Mathematical structures, Algebraic structures, Finite groups | llm_classification |
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is a set of extracorporeal modalities that can provide oxygenation, removal of carbon dioxide, and/or circulatory support, excluding cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiothoracic or vascular surgery.
ECLS modalities include:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) - for temporary su... | Extracorporeal life support | Wikipedia | 152 | 58646964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal%20life%20support | Biology | null | Biotechnology stubs, Medical technology stubs, Medical technology | llm_classification |
Katharina Boll-Dornberger (2 November 1909 – 27 July 1981), also known as Käte Dornberger-Schiff, was an Austrian-German physicist and crystallographer. She is known for her work on order-disorder structures.
Life
Katharina Boll-Dornberger was born in Vienna in 1909 as the daughter of the university professor and Ali... | Katharina Boll-Dornberger | Wikipedia | 560 | 58647164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharina%20Boll-Dornberger | Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Crystallographers, Crystallography | llm_classification |
miR-324-5p is a microRNA that functions in cell growth, apoptosis, cancer, epilepsy, neuronal differentiation, psychiatric conditions, cardiac disease pathology, and more. As a microRNA, it regulates gene expression through targeting mRNAs. Additionally, miR-324-5p is both an intracellular miRNA, meaning it is commonly... | MiR-324-5p | Wikipedia | 1,336 | 58649179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-324-5p | Chemistry, Biology | null | Gene expression, Molecular genetics, Cellular processes, Molecular biology, Biochemistry | llm_classification |
In mathematics, and particularly in functional analysis, Fichera's existence principle is an existence and uniqueness theorem for solution of functional equations, proved by Gaetano Fichera in 1954. More precisely, given a general vector space and two linear maps from it onto two Banach spaces, the principle states ne... | Fichera's existence principle | Wikipedia | 284 | 50972558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichera%27s%20existence%20principle | Mathematics | null | Theorems in mathematical analysis, Theorems in functional analysis | llm_classification |
Polymer scattering experiments are one of the main scientific methods used in chemistry, physics and other sciences to study the characteristics of polymeric systems: solutions, gels, compounds and more. As in most scattering experiments, it involves subjecting a polymeric sample to incident particles (with defined wav... | Polymer scattering | Wikipedia | 1,219 | 50977055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20scattering | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Nuclear physics, Scattering, Condensed matter physics, Particle physics | llm_classification |
A Jaszczak phantom () aka Data Spectrum ECT phantom is an imaging phantom used for validating scanner geometry, 3D contrast, uniformity, resolution, attenuation and scatter correction or alignment tasks in nuclear medicine. It is commonly used in academic centers and hospitals to characterize a SPECT or some gamma came... | Jaszczak phantom | Wikipedia | 471 | 50978083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaszczak%20phantom | Physics | null | Antimatter, Positron emission tomography, Matter | llm_classification |
In combustion, Emmons problem describes the flame structure which develops inside the boundary layer, created by a flowing oxidizer stream on flat fuel (solid or liquid) surfaces. The problem was first studied by Howard Wilson Emmons in 1956. The flame is of diffusion flame type because it separates fuel and oxygen by ... | Emmons problem | Wikipedia | 231 | 57195675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmons%20problem | Chemistry, Engineering | null | Piping, Chemical engineering, Combustion, Fluid dynamics | llm_classification |
In combustion, Burke–Schumann limit, or large Damköhler number limit, is the limit of infinitely fast chemistry (or in other words, infinite Damköhler number), named after S.P. Burke and T.E.W. Schumann, due to their pioneering work on Burke–Schumann flame. One important conclusion of infinitely fast chemistry is the n... | Burke–Schumann limit | Wikipedia | 537 | 57196745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burke%E2%80%93Schumann%20limit | Chemistry, Engineering | null | Chemical engineering, Combustion, Piping, Fire, Fluid dynamics | llm_classification |
Applied Spectroscopy is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, and it is also the official journal for this society. The editor-in-chief is Sergei G. Kazarian (Imperial College London). The journal covers applications of spectroscopy in analytical chemistry, materi... | Applied Spectroscopy (journal) | Wikipedia | 473 | 32492587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20Spectroscopy%20%28journal%29 | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Spectrum (physical sciences), Materials science journals, Materials science, Spectroscopy journals, Spectroscopy | llm_classification |
ROMeoRigorous Online Modelling and Equation Based Optimization is an advanced online chemical process optimizer of SimSci, a brand of Aveva software It is mainly used by process engineers in the chemical, petroleum and natural gas industries.
It includes a chemical component library, thermodynamic property prediction ... | ROMeo (process optimizer) | Wikipedia | 202 | 32494400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROMeo%20%28process%20optimizer%29 | Chemistry, Engineering | null | Chemical engineering software, Chemical engineering | llm_classification |
Thermodynamic efficiency limit is the absolute maximum theoretically possible conversion efficiency of sunlight to electricity. Its value is about 86%, which is the Chambadal-Novikov efficiency, an approximation related to the Carnot limit, based on the temperature of the photons emitted by the Sun's surface.
Effect o... | Thermodynamic efficiency limit | Wikipedia | 619 | 32495538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20efficiency%20limit | Physics, Chemistry | null | Thermodynamic processes, Thermodynamics | llm_classification |
A multichannel analyzer (MCA) is an instrument used in laboratory and field applications to analyze an input signal consisting of voltage pulses. MCAs are used extensively in digitizing various spectroscopy measurements, especially those related to nuclear physics, including various types of spectroscopy (alpha-, beta-... | Multichannel analyzer | Wikipedia | 640 | 49966064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multichannel%20analyzer | Physics, Chemistry | null | Nuclear chemistry stubs, Nuclear and atomic physics stubs, Radioactivity, Nuclear physics | llm_classification |
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of wastewater treatment process that was first invented by Professor Hallvard Ødegaard at Norwegian University of Science and Technology in the late 1980s. The process takes place in an aeration tank with plastic carriers that a biofilm can grow on. The compact size and cheap... | Moving bed biofilm reactor | Wikipedia | 1,640 | 49974099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving%20bed%20biofilm%20reactor | Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental_science | null | Water treatment, Chemical engineering, Water pollution, Sewerage, Civil engineering, Environmental engineering, Waste treatment technology | llm_classification |
In scheduling, tardiness is a measure of a delay in executing certain operations and earliness is a measure of finishing operations before due time. The operations may depend on each other and on the availability of equipment to perform them.
Typical examples include job scheduling in manufacturing and data delivery s... | Tardiness (scheduling) | Wikipedia | 224 | 49976857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardiness%20%28scheduling%29 | Physics, Mathematics | null | Physical quantities, Time, Theoretical computer science, Applied mathematics, Time management, Spacetime, Schedule (project management) | llm_classification |
Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesized internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which in... | Gaseous signaling molecules | Wikipedia | 4,219 | 45598981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseous%20signaling%20molecules | Physics, Chemistry, Biology | null | Molecular physics, Molecules, Signal transduction, Gaseous signaling molecules, Physical objects, nan, Molecular biology, Biochemistry, Neurochemistry, Atoms, Matter | llm_classification |
In the theory of Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representation theory, a Lie algebra extension is an enlargement of a given Lie algebra by another Lie algebra . Extensions arise in several ways. There is the trivial extension obtained by taking a direct sum of two Lie algebras. Other types are the split extension... | Lie algebra extension | Wikipedia | 8,731 | 45603435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20algebra%20extension | Physics, Astronomy, Mathematics | null | Quantum field theory, Astronomical hypotheses, Mathematical structures, Lie groups, Applied mathematics, Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics, Algebraic structures, String theory, Mathematical physics | llm_classification |
The Woolrich Electrical Generator, now in Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, England, is the earliest electrical generator used in an industrial process. Built in February 1844 at the Magneto Works of Thomas Prime and Son, Birmingham, to a design by John Stephen Woolrich (1820–1850), it was used by the firm of Elkin... | Woolrich Electrical Generator | Wikipedia | 598 | 45604402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolrich%20Electrical%20Generator | Physics, Technology | null | Physical systems, Electrical generators, Machines | llm_classification |
The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC, SCAR complex) is a five-subunit protein complex in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family involved in the formation of the actin cytoskeleton through interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. The holocomplex comprises WAVE1 (also known as WASF1), CYFIP1, ABI2, Nap1 and HSPC300 i... | WAVE regulatory complex | Wikipedia | 406 | 52429771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAVE%20regulatory%20complex | Chemistry | null | Biomolecules by chemical classification, Protein stubs, Biochemistry stubs, Molecular biology, Proteins | llm_classification |
In cell biology, there are a multitude of signalling pathways. Cell signalling is part of the molecular biology system that controls and coordinates the actions of cells.
Akt/PKB signalling pathway
AMPK signalling pathway
cAMP-dependent pathway
Eph/ephrin signalling pathway
Hedgehog signalling pathway
Hippo sign... | List of signalling pathways | Wikipedia | 126 | 52431039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20signalling%20pathways | Chemistry | null | Molecular-biology-related lists, Molecular biology | llm_classification |
The Allam Cycle or Allam-Fetvedt Cycle is a process for converting carbonaceous fuels into thermal energy, while capturing the generated carbon dioxide and water.
The inventors are English engineer Rodney John Allam, American engineer Jeremy Eron Fetvedt, American scientist Dr. Miles R Palmer, and American businesspe... | Allam power cycle | Wikipedia | 1,074 | 52432122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allam%20power%20cycle | Engineering | null | Geoengineering, Carbon capture and storage | llm_classification |
Rodney John Allam, MBE (born 1940 in St Helens, Lancashire) is an English chemical engineer and fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers who is credited with inventions related to power generation, notably the Allam power cycle, which is a generation process for fossil fuels, with integrated carbon dioxide captu... | Rodney John Allam | Wikipedia | 398 | 52432145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney%20John%20Allam | Chemistry, Engineering | null | Environmental engineers, Environmental engineering | llm_classification |
A dynamical reduction theory (DRT) is an extension of quantum mechanics (QM) that attempts to account for the collapse of the wave function. It is necessary because QM does not account for the specific measurements of observable quantities or events, in the familiar realm of Newtonian or classical physics, that we make... | Dynamical reduction | Wikipedia | 185 | 34111023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical%20reduction | Physics | null | Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics, Quantum physics stubs | llm_classification |
Valves are quite diverse and may be classified into a number of types.
Basic types - by operating principle
Valves can be categorized into the following types, based on their operating mechanism:
Ball valve, for on–off control without pressure drop. Ideal for quick shut-off, since a 90° turn completely shuts off, com... | List of valves | Wikipedia | 1,660 | 34113697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20valves | Physics, Chemistry | null | Physical systems, Valves, Hydraulics, Piping | llm_classification |
In statistics, the maximal information coefficient (MIC) is a measure of the strength of the linear or non-linear association between two variables X and Y.
The MIC belongs to the maximal information-based nonparametric exploration (MINE) class of statistics. In a simulation study, MIC outperformed some selected low ... | Maximal information coefficient | Wikipedia | 816 | 34115448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximal%20information%20coefficient | Mathematics, Technology, Engineering | null | Telecommunications engineering, Applied mathematics, Computer science, Information theory | llm_classification |
The diffuse extragalactic background radiation (DEBRA) refers to the photon field of extragalactic origin that fills our Universe. It contains photons whose energies span more than twenty orders of magnitude, from 10−7 eV to more than 100 GeV. This range covers everything from the microwaves emitted by free hydrogen at... | Diffuse extragalactic background radiation | Wikipedia | 364 | 34115523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse%20extragalactic%20background%20radiation | Physics, Astronomy | null | Physical phenomena, Unsolved problems in astronomy, Astronomical sub-disciplines, Concepts in astronomy, Astronomy stubs, Astrophysics, Astrophysics stubs, Radiation, Astronomical controversies, Extragalactic astronomy, Cosmic rays | llm_classification |
Geotechnical centrifuge modeling is a technique for testing physical scale models of geotechnical engineering systems such as natural and man-made slopes and earth retaining structures and building or bridge foundations.
The scale model is typically constructed in the laboratory and then loaded onto the end of the cen... | Geotechnical centrifuge modeling | Wikipedia | 1,655 | 34119149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical%20centrifuge%20modeling | Physics, Engineering | null | Construction, Scale modeling, Civil engineering | llm_classification |
The location of the geographical centre of Asia (; ; ) depends on the definition of the borders of Asia, mainly whether remote islands are included to define the extreme points of Asia, and on the method of calculating the final result.
Also on the projection used (radial projection on the plane vs. projection on a ge... | Geographical midpoint of Asia | Wikipedia | 474 | 36686502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical%20midpoint%20of%20Asia | Physics, Mathematics | null | Point (geometry), Geometric centers, Geographical centres, Symmetry | llm_classification |
A thin walled beam is a type of beam (structure) that does not have a solid cross sectional area. The cross section of thin walled beams is made up from thin panels connected together. Typical closed sections include round, square, and rectangular tubes. Open sections include I-beams, T-beams, L-beams, and so on. The a... | Thin walled beams | Wikipedia | 211 | 36688638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin%20walled%20beams | Physics, Technology, Engineering | null | Structural engineering, Solid mechanics, Statics, Building engineering, Materials stubs, Classical mechanics, Structural system, Materials, Mechanics, Matter | llm_classification |
In mathematics, the Radó–Kneser–Choquet theorem, named after Tibor Radó, Hellmuth Kneser and Gustave Choquet, states that the Poisson integral of a homeomorphism of the unit circle is a harmonic diffeomorphism of the open unit disk. The result was stated as a problem by Radó and solved shortly afterwards by Kneser in... | Radó–Kneser–Choquet theorem | Wikipedia | 699 | 36692110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad%C3%B3%E2%80%93Kneser%E2%80%93Choquet%20theorem | Mathematics | null | Theorems in mathematical analysis, Theorems in harmonic analysis | llm_classification |
In algebraic geometry, the Ramanujam–Samuel theorem gives conditions for a divisor of a local ring to be principal.
It was introduced independently by in answer to a question of Grothendieck and by C. P. Ramanujam in an appendix to a paper by , and was generalized by .
Statement
Grothendieck's version of the Ramanu... | Ramanujam–Samuel theorem | Wikipedia | 185 | 38095180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujam%E2%80%93Samuel%20theorem | Mathematics | null | Theorems in algebraic geometry, Theorems in geometry | llm_classification |
Gallocyanin is a chemical compound classified as a phenoxazine dye. In combination with certain metals, it is used to prepare gallocyanin stains that are used in identifying nucleic acids.
References
Phenoxazines
Oxazine dyes
Carboxylic acids | Gallocyanin | Wikipedia | 60 | 38095963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallocyanin | Chemistry | null | Carboxylic acids, Functional groups, Organic compounds, Organic compound stubs, Organic chemistry stubs | llm_classification |
Turboswing is a type of grease filter used in kitchen ventilation to remove grease particles from the air. It is typically installed inside the extractor hoods of restaurant kitchens. Its operation is based on a rotating filtering medium.
How it works
The main difference between turboswing and most common filters is ... | TurboSwing | Wikipedia | 584 | 38096337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurboSwing | Chemistry, Engineering | null | Sustainable building, Chemical equipment, Building engineering, Filters, Construction, Filtration | llm_classification |
Some antiferromagnetic materials exhibit a non-zero magnetic moment at a temperature near absolute zero. This effect is ascribed to spin canting, a phenomenon through which spins are tilted by a small angle about their axis rather than being exactly co-parallel.
Spin canting is due to two factors contrasting each oth... | Spin canting | Wikipedia | 154 | 38097000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20canting | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Spintronics, Electric and magnetic fields in matter, Materials science, Magnetic ordering, Condensed matter physics | llm_classification |
Georgetown Coal Gasification Plant, also known as the Georgetown Service and Gas Company, is a historic coal gasification plant located at Georgetown, Sussex County, Delaware. It was built in the late-19th century, and is a rectangular one-story, three bay by three bay brick structure measuring 40 feet by 25 feet. It... | Georgetown Coal Gasification Plant | Wikipedia | 238 | 38097861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown%20Coal%20Gasification%20Plant | Chemistry | null | Coal gasification technologies, Synthetic fuel technologies | llm_classification |
A Transit metropolis is an urbanized region with high-quality public transportation services and settlement patterns that are conducive to riding public transit. While Transit villages and Transit-oriented developments (TODs) focus on creating compact, mixed-use neighborhoods around rail stations, transit metropolises... | Transit metropolis | Wikipedia | 284 | 38100144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit%20metropolis | Physics | null | Physical systems, Transport, Sustainable transport, Transport stubs | llm_classification |
The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), abbreviated GDPR, is a European Union regulation on information privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in particular Article 8(1) of the Charter... | General Data Protection Regulation | Wikipedia | 9,957 | 38104075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Data%20Protection%20Regulation | Technology, Engineering | null | Cybersecurity engineering, Computing and society, Information privacy, Regulation of artificial intelligence | llm_classification |
In information theory, polar codes are a linear block error-correcting codes. The code construction is based on a multiple recursive concatenation of a short kernel code which transforms the physical channel into virtual outer channels. When the number of recursions becomes large, the virtual channels tend to either ha... | Polar code (coding theory) | Wikipedia | 1,022 | 38104403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20code%20%28coding%20theory%29 | Mathematics, Engineering | null | Discrete mathematics, Coding theory, Reliability engineering, Error detection and correction | llm_classification |
Evert Jan Baerends (born 17 September 1945) is a Dutch theoretical chemist. He is an emeritus professor of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Baerends is known for his development and application of electronic structure calculations, which over time led to the development of the Amsterdam Density Functional. He worked e... | Evert Jan Baerends | Wikipedia | 346 | 48599028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evert%20Jan%20Baerends | Chemistry | null | Quantum chemistry, Physical chemists, Computational chemists, Theoretical chemistry, Computational chemistry, Theoretical chemists | llm_classification |
Lagrange stability is a concept in the stability theory of dynamical systems, named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
For any point in the state space, in a real continuous dynamical system , where is , the motion is said to be positively Lagrange stable if the positive semi-orbit is compact. If the negative semi-orbit... | Lagrange stability | Wikipedia | 221 | 48606512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%20stability | Physics, Mathematics | null | Mathematical analysis, Mathematical analysis stubs, Lagrangian mechanics, Classical mechanics, Stability theory, Mechanics, Dynamical systems | llm_classification |
In mass spectrometry, de novo peptide sequencing is the method in which a peptide amino acid sequence is determined from tandem mass spectrometry.
Knowing the amino acid sequence of peptides from a protein digest is essential for studying the biological function of the protein. In the old days, this was accomplished b... | De novo peptide sequencing | Wikipedia | 3,427 | 43742131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20novo%20peptide%20sequencing | Physics, Chemistry, Biology | null | Spectrum (physical sciences), Instrumental analysis, Proteomic sequencing, Mass, Molecular biology techniques, Mass spectrometry, Matter | llm_classification |
The wear coefficient is a physical coefficient used to measure, characterize and correlate the wear of materials.
Background
Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. The reason being that it takes the w... | Wear coefficient | Wikipedia | 607 | 43742565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wear%20coefficient | Physics, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Building engineering, Materials science, Civil engineering, nan, Materials degradation, Architecture | llm_classification |
The Machine is an experimental computer made by Hewlett Packard Enterprise. It was created as part of a research project to develop a new type of computer architecture for servers. The design focused on a “memory centric computing” architecture, where NVRAM replaced traditional DRAM and disks in the memory hierarchy. T... | The Machine (computer architecture) | Wikipedia | 1,426 | 43744246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Machine%20%28computer%20architecture%29 | Technology, Engineering | null | Supercomputers, Computer engineering, Supercomputing, Computer architecture, Computers | llm_classification |
Zone axis, a term sometimes used to refer to "high-symmetry" orientations in a crystal, most generally refers to any direction referenced to the direct lattice (as distinct from the reciprocal lattice) of a crystal in three dimensions. It is therefore indexed with direct lattice indices, instead of with Miller indices.... | Zone axis | Wikipedia | 1,052 | 43747856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20axis | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Electron, Electron microscopy, Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Spectrum (physical sciences), Materials science, Crystallography, Diffraction, Crystals, Condensed matter physics, nan, Microscopy, Spectroscopy | llm_classification |
Biomaterials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on and applications of biomaterials. It is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Kam W. Leong (Columbia University) and David Williams is an honorary editor. The journal was established in 1980.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstra... | Biomaterials (journal) | Wikipedia | 130 | 42332421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterials%20%28journal%29 | Materials_science, Engineering | null | Materials science journals, Materials science | llm_classification |
Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, who introduced it in 1929. The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifes... | Dirac hole theory | Wikipedia | 338 | 42333823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20hole%20theory | Physics | null | Equations of physics, Eponymous equations of physics, Quantum mechanics, Dirac equation, Quantum physics stubs | llm_classification |
Aquaver is a cleantech company headquartered in Voorburg, Netherlands, with offices at the High Tech Campus Eindhoven. Aquaver is acknowledged to be the first company worldwide to develop commercial systems based on membrane distillation, a novel technology for water treatment.
Technology
The technology of the Aquaver... | Aquaver | Wikipedia | 484 | 42334954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaver | Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental_science | null | Water technology, Sewerage, Environmental engineering, Water pollution | llm_classification |
Ortho effect is an organic chemistry phenomenon where the presence of a chemical group at the at ortho position or the 1 and 2 position of a phenyl ring, relative to the carboxylic compound changes the chemical properties of the compound. This is caused by steric effects and bonding interactions along with polar effe... | Ortho effect | Wikipedia | 1,219 | 60166827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortho%20effect | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Stereochemistry, Condensed matter physics, nan, Isomerism, Chemical bonding | llm_classification |
This article uses Chernobyl as a case study of nuclear fallout effects on an ecosystem.
Chernobyl
Officials used hydrometeorological data to create an image of what the potential nuclear fallout looked like after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Using this method, they were able to determine the distribution of radion... | Nuclear fallout effects on an ecosystem | Wikipedia | 1,327 | 60167773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20fallout%20effects%20on%20an%20ecosystem | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science, Technology, Biology | null | Radiation health effects, Radioactive contamination, Aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster, Nuclear chemistry, Radiobiology, Nuclear fallout, Environmental impact of nuclear power, nan, Nuclear physics, Radiation effects, Radioactivity | llm_classification |
Passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) is a device that removes hydrogen from the containment of a nuclear power plant during an accident. Its purpose is to prevent hydrogen explosions. Recombiners come into action spontaneously as soon as the hydrogen concentration increases. They are passive devices because their ope... | Passive autocatalytic recombiner | Wikipedia | 529 | 56745603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20autocatalytic%20recombiner | Chemistry | null | Catalysis, Chemical kinetics | llm_classification |
α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer, KRN7000) is a synthetic glycolipid derived from structure-activity relationship studies of galactosylceramides isolated from the marine sponge Agelas mauritianus. α-GalCer is a strong immunostimulant and shows potent anti-tumour activity in many in vivo models.
Immunostimulatory propert... | Α-Galactosylceramide | Wikipedia | 262 | 56746642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Galactosylceramide | Chemistry, Biology | null | Organic compounds, Biomolecules by chemical classification, Immunology, Lipids | llm_classification |
Sergei Anatolyevich Tretyakov (; born in 1956) is a Russian-Finnish scientist, focused in electromagnetic field theory, complex media electromagnetics and microwave engineering. He is currently a professor at Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University (former Helsinki University of Technology), Fin... | Sergei Tretyakov (scientist) | Wikipedia | 2,261 | 56747102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Tretyakov%20%28scientist%29 | Materials_science | null | Metamaterials scientists, Metamaterials | llm_classification |
Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) is the generic, non-commercial term given for the well-developed technology used to detect, and measure the size of, individual particles in fluid. First invented by Wallace H. Coulter in 1953, the RPS technique is the basic principle behind the Coulter Principle, which is a trademark term... | Resistive pulse sensing | Wikipedia | 1,273 | 56747378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive%20pulse%20sensing | Chemistry, Materials_science, Biology | null | Biochemistry methods, Microfluidics, Cell culture techniques, Microtechnology | llm_classification |
BioSimGrid was a project to make data sets from computer simulations in the field of modelling biological systems, particularly biomolecular structures, more accessible to researchers. The project began in 2004 and halted by 2009.
In 2004 designers presented the concept of the project as a "protein data bank extended ... | BioSimGrid | Wikipedia | 154 | 56748043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSimGrid | Engineering, Biology | null | Bioinformatics, Biological engineering | llm_classification |
Dr. Hayaatun Sillem (née Is’harc) is the chief executive officer (CEO) of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Education
Sillem grew up in South Africa. She attended Godolphin and Latymer School. She earned a master's degree in biochemistry from the University of Oxford in 1998. She completed a PhD funded by Cancer Res... | Hayaatun Sillem | Wikipedia | 645 | 56750253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayaatun%20Sillem | Chemistry, Engineering | null | Institution of Engineering and Technology, Biochemists, Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology, Women biochemists | llm_classification |
Sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate is the organosulfur compound with the formula Na2C3S5, abbreviated Na2dmit. It is the sodium salt of the conjugate base of the 4,5-bis(sulfanyl)-1,3-dithiole-2-thione. The salt is a precursor to dithiolene complexes and tetrathiafulvalenes.
Reduction of carbon disulfide wi... | Sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate | Wikipedia | 432 | 56753159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%201%2C3-dithiole-2-thione-4%2C5-dithiolate | Chemistry | null | Thiolates, Functional groups | llm_classification |
Fuglede's conjecture is an open problem in mathematics proposed by Bent Fuglede in 1974. It states that every domain of (i.e. subset of with positive finite Lebesgue measure) is a spectral set if and only if it tiles by translation.
Spectral sets and translational tiles
Spectral sets in
A set with positive fi... | Fuglede's conjecture | Wikipedia | 342 | 56754296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuglede%27s%20conjecture | Mathematics | null | Unsolved problems in mathematics, Mathematical problems, Conjectures | llm_classification |
The modern constellation Vulpecula lies across one of the quadrants symbolized by the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ), and Three Enclosures (三垣, Sān Yuán), that divide the sky in traditional Chinese uranography.
The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 狐狸座 (hú li zuò), meaning "t... | Vulpecula in Chinese astronomy | Wikipedia | 181 | 56755814 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulpecula%20in%20Chinese%20astronomy | Astronomy | null | Astronomy in China, Vulpecula, Constellations, History of astronomy | llm_classification |
In 2-dimensional hyperbolic geometry, the infinite-order hexagonal tiling is a regular tiling. It has Schläfli symbol of {6,∞}. All vertices are ideal, located at "infinity", seen on the boundary of the Poincaré hyperbolic disk projection.
Symmetry
There is a half symmetry form, , seen with alternating colors:
Relat... | Infinite-order hexagonal tiling | Wikipedia | 168 | 55328384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite-order%20hexagonal%20tiling | Physics | null | Isogonal tilings, Tessellation, Hyperbolic tilings, Isohedral tilings, Symmetry | llm_classification |
The proper generalized decomposition (PGD) is an iterative numerical method for solving boundary value problems (BVPs), that is, partial differential equations constrained by a set of boundary conditions, such as the Poisson's equation or the Laplace's equation.
The PGD algorithm computes an approximation of the solut... | Proper generalized decomposition | Wikipedia | 1,407 | 55330205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper%20generalized%20decomposition | Mathematics | null | Mathematical modeling, Applied mathematics, Computational mathematics, Mathematical relations, Numerical analysis, Approximations | llm_classification |
A gravity sewer is a conduit utilizing the energy resulting from a difference in elevation to remove unwanted water. The term sewer implies removal of sewage or surface runoff rather than water intended for use; and the term gravity excludes water movement induced through force mains or vacuum sewers. Most sewers are g... | Gravity sewer | Wikipedia | 808 | 53823632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20sewer | Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental_science | null | Hydrology, Water treatment, Sewerage infrastructure, Physical systems, Hydraulics, Civil engineering, Hydraulic engineering | llm_classification |
Human germline engineering (HGE) is the process by which the genome of an individual is modified in such a way that the change is heritable. This is achieved by altering the genes of the germ cells, which mature into eggs and sperm. For safety, ethical, and social reasons, the scientific community and the public have c... | Human germline engineering | Wikipedia | 4,043 | 53827714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20germline%20engineering | Engineering, Biology | null | Genetics techniques, Biotechnology by country, Genome editing, Genetic engineering, Biotechnology in China | llm_classification |
Organotantalum chemistry is the chemistry of chemical compounds containing a carbon-to-tantalum chemical bond. A wide variety of compound have been reported, initially with cyclopentadienyl and CO ligands. Oxidation states vary from Ta(V) to Ta(-I).
Classes of organotantalum compounds
Alkyl and aryl complexes
Pentam... | Organotantalum chemistry | Wikipedia | 836 | 53834843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organotantalum%20chemistry | Chemistry | null | Organometallic chemistry | llm_classification |
The Krische allylation involves the enantioselective iridium-catalyzed addition of an allyl group to an aldehyde or an alcohol, resulting in the formation of a secondary homoallylic alcohol. The mechanism of the Krische allylation involves primary alcohol dehydrogenation or, when using aldehyde reactants, hydrogen tran... | Krische allylation | Wikipedia | 1,290 | 53835236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krische%20allylation | Chemistry | null | Catalysis, Chemical kinetics, Organometallic chemistry, Organic reactions | llm_classification |
Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a photoreactive DNA-binding dye that preferentially binds to dsDNA. It is used to detect viable microorganisms by qPCR. Visible light (high power halogen lamps or specific LED devices) induces a photoreaction of the chemical that will lead to a covalent bond with PMA and the dsDNA. The mech... | Propidium monoazide | Wikipedia | 368 | 40882801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propidium%20monoazide | Chemistry, Biology | null | Biochemistry, DNA-binding substances, Genetics techniques, Molecular biology | llm_classification |
Chemical phosphorus removal is a wastewater treatment method, where phosphorus is removed using salts of aluminum (e.g. alum or polyaluminum chloride), iron (e.g. ferric chloride), or calcium (e.g. lime). Phosphate forms precipitates with the metal ions and is removed together with the sludge in the separation unit (se... | Chemical phosphorus removal | Wikipedia | 1,376 | 40887862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20phosphorus%20removal | Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental_science | null | Water treatment, Water pollution, Water technology, Environmental engineering | llm_classification |
In algebra, an action of a monoidal category S on a category X is a functor
such that there are natural isomorphisms and and those natural isomorphism satisfy the coherence conditions analogous to those in S. If there is such an action, S is said to act on X.
For example, S acts on itself via the monoid operation ⊗... | Monoidal category action | Wikipedia | 83 | 46919484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoidal%20category%20action | Mathematics | null | Algebra stubs, Mathematical structures, Functions and mappings, Monoidal categories, Mathematical objects, Category theory, Mathematical relations, Functors, Algebra | llm_classification |
In geometry, a symmetry mutation is a mapping of fundamental domains between two symmetry groups. They are compactly expressed in orbifold notation. These mutations can occur from spherical tilings to Euclidean tilings to hyperbolic tilings. Hyperbolic tilings can also be divided between compact, paracompact and diverg... | Uniform tiling symmetry mutations | Wikipedia | 317 | 46919643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform%20tiling%20symmetry%20mutations | Physics, Mathematics | null | Tessellation, Euclidean plane geometry, Hyperbolic tilings, Euclidean tilings, Planes (geometry), Symmetry | llm_classification |
The School of Textile and Clothing industries (ESITH) is a Moroccan engineering school, established in 1996, that focuses on textiles and clothing. It was created in collaboration with ENSAIT and ENSISA, as a result of a public private partnership designed to grow a key sector in the Moroccan economy. The partnership w... | ESITH | Wikipedia | 160 | 46922946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESITH | Physics, Engineering | null | Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Textile engineering | llm_classification |
Oil discharge monitoring equipment (ODME) is based on a measurement of oil content in the ballast and slop water, to measure conformance with regulations. The apparatus is equipped with a GPS, data recording functionality, an oil content meter and a flow meter. By use of data interpretation, a computing unit will be ... | Oil discharge monitoring equipment | Wikipedia | 449 | 46923835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20discharge%20monitoring%20equipment | Chemistry, Engineering, Environmental_science | null | Ocean pollution, Water treatment, Water pollution, Environmental engineering, Waste treatment technology | llm_classification |
Sub-Doppler cooling is a class of laser cooling techniques that reduce the temperature of atoms and molecules below the Doppler cooling limit. In experiment implementation, Doppler cooling is limited by the broad natural linewidth of the lasers used in cooling. Regardless of the transition used, however, Doppler cooli... | Sub-Doppler cooling | Wikipedia | 1,120 | 46926261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Doppler%20cooling | Physics, Chemistry | null | Atomic, molecular, and optical physics | llm_classification |
Quantum feedback or quantum feedback control is a class of methods to prepare and manipulate a quantum system in which that system's quantum state or trajectory is used to evolve the system towards some desired outcome. Just as in the classical case, feedback occurs when outputs from the system are used as inputs that ... | Quantum feedback | Wikipedia | 327 | 46926884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20feedback | Physics | null | Theoretical physics, Quantum mechanics | llm_classification |
In mathematics, p-adic cohomology means a cohomology theory for varieties of characteristic p whose values are modules over a ring of p-adic integers. Examples (in roughly historical order) include:
Serre's Witt vector cohomology
Monsky–Washnitzer cohomology
Infinitesimal cohomology
Crystalline cohomology
Rigid c... | P-adic cohomology | Wikipedia | 114 | 46927724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-adic%20cohomology | Mathematics | null | Arithmetic geometry, Number theory | llm_classification |
The finite point method (FPM) is a meshfree method for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on scattered distributions of points. The FPM was proposed in the mid-nineties in (Oñate, Idelsohn, Zienkiewicz & Taylor, 1996a), (Oñate, Idelsohn, Zienkiewicz, Taylor & Sacco, 1996b) and (Oñate & Idelsohn, 1998a) with ... | Finite point method | Wikipedia | 2,376 | 50991882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20point%20method | Physics, Engineering | null | Solid mechanics, Civil engineering, Mechanics, Fluid mechanics | llm_classification |
In mathematics, the Hasse derivative is a generalisation of the derivative which allows the formulation of Taylor's theorem in coordinate rings of algebraic varieties.
Definition
Let k[X] be a polynomial ring over a field k. The r-th Hasse derivative of Xn is
if n ≥ r and zero otherwise. In characteristic zero we h... | Hasse derivative | Wikipedia | 160 | 39555438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%20derivative | Mathematics | null | Differential algebra, Fields of abstract algebra, Algebra stubs, Algebra | llm_classification |
In mathematics, the Barban–Davenport–Halberstam theorem is a statement about the distribution of prime numbers in an arithmetic progression. It is known that in the long run primes are distributed equally across possible progressions with the same difference. Theorems of the Barban–Davenport–Halberstam type give esti... | Barban–Davenport–Halberstam theorem | Wikipedia | 222 | 39555966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barban%E2%80%93Davenport%E2%80%93Halberstam%20theorem | Mathematics | null | Theorems in mathematical analysis, Theorems in number theory, Theorems in analytic number theory | llm_classification |
Peters four-step chemistry is a systematically reduced mechanism for methane combustion, named after Norbert Peters, who derived it in 1985. The mechanism reads as
The mechanism predicted four different regimes where each reaction takes place. The third reaction, known as radical consumption layer, where most of the h... | Peters four-step chemistry | Wikipedia | 187 | 57205820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters%20four-step%20chemistry | Chemistry | null | Reaction mechanisms, Chemical reaction engineering, Methane, Combustion, Physical organic chemistry, nan, Greenhouse gases, Chemical kinetics | llm_classification |
Economic optimization of electric conductors (also known as economic cable sizing - ECS) is the process of selecting cable based on both safety and economic analysis.
The objective of ECS is to minimise lifetime costs of cables and to reduce emissions due to loses in cables.
Cable selection criteria
Four criteria are... | Economic optimization of electric conductors | Wikipedia | 391 | 57206613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20optimization%20of%20electric%20conductors | Physics | null | Materials, Electrical conductors, Matter | llm_classification |
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