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The Boring Company (TBC) is an American infrastructure, tunnel construction service, and equipment company founded by Elon Musk. TBC was founded as a subsidiary of SpaceX in 2017, and was spun off as a separate corporation in 2018. TBC has completed one tunneling project that is open to the public, as well as multiple ... | The Boring Company | Wikipedia | 3,308 | 53215263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Boring%20Company | Technology, Engineering | null | Transport systems, Civil engineering organizations, Construction and civil engineering companies, Vacuum systems, Hyperloop | llm_classification |
Aluminium arsenide antimonide, or AlAsSb (AlAs1-xSbx), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. It can be considered as an alloy between aluminium arsenide and aluminium antimonide. The alloy can contain any ratio between arsenic and antimony. AlAsSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy.
Preparation
AlA... | Aluminium arsenide antimonide | Wikipedia | 459 | 76004408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20arsenide%20antimonide | Chemistry | null | III-V compounds, Inorganic compounds | llm_classification |
George N. Phillips, Jr. is a biochemist, researcher, and academic. He is the Ralph and Dorothy Looney Professor of Biochemistry and Cell Biology at Rice University, where he also serves as Associate Dean for Research at the Wiess School of Natural Sciences and as a professor of chemistry. Additionally, he holds the tit... | George N. Phillips | Wikipedia | 1,600 | 76013518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20N.%20Phillips | Chemistry, Biology | null | Biochemistry, Biochemists | llm_classification |
The Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange (QCPE) was an organization located at Indiana University Bloomington from 1963 to 2007 that was devoted to the distribution of computational chemistry software before electronic file transfer on the internet became a widely available method of software distribution. The QCPE was o... | Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange | Wikipedia | 561 | 76020377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Chemistry%20Program%20Exchange | Chemistry | null | Computational chemistry, Computational chemistry software, Chemistry software | llm_classification |
In the mathematics of circle packing, a Doyle spiral is a pattern of non-crossing circles in the plane in which each circle is surrounded by a ring of six tangent circles. These patterns contain spiral arms formed by circles linked through opposite points of tangency, with their centers on logarithmic spirals of three ... | Doyle spiral | Wikipedia | 1,845 | 64400151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyle%20spiral | Mathematics, Biology | null | Geometry problems, Eponyms in geometry, Packing problems, Plants, Plant morphology, Circle packing, Geometry, Mathematical problems | llm_classification |
A wing engine is a subsidiary engine installed in a motor boat alongside the main engine. The primary purpose of a wing engine is to provide redundancy and safety in the event of failure of the main engine; a secondary benefit assists manoeuvering in port or in a marina.
Wing engine installation
Whereas the main engin... | Wing engine | Wikipedia | 578 | 64403830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing%20engine | Technology | null | Marine engines, Engines | llm_classification |
Kate Marvel is a climate scientist and science writer based in New York City. She is a senior scientist at Project Drawdown and was formerly an associate research scientist at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia Engineering's Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics.
Education and early career
... | Kate Marvel | Wikipedia | 912 | 57806752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Marvel | Engineering | null | Geoengineering, Climate change mitigation researchers | llm_classification |
STS Lord Nelson was a sail training ship operated by the Jubilee Sailing Trust. She was designed by Colin Mudie and launched on 17 October 1986.
The ship was built by the Jubilee Sailing Trust (JST) and, along with the SV Tenacious, the pair were the only tall ships in the world that are wheelchair accessible througho... | STS Lord Nelson | Wikipedia | 460 | 57814827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS%20Lord%20Nelson | Physics | null | Physical systems, Transport, Accessible transportation | llm_classification |
Regeneration in humans is the regrowth of lost tissues or organs in response to injury. This is in contrast to wound healing, or partial regeneration, which involves closing up the injury site with some gradation of scar tissue. Some tissues such as skin, the vas deferens, and large organs including the liver can regro... | Regeneration in humans | Wikipedia | 5,476 | 44464978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneration%20in%20humans | Chemistry, Biology | null | Senescence, Metabolism, Human biology, Cellular processes | llm_classification |
The vast majority of positive results about computational problems are constructive proofs, i.e., a computational problem is proved to be solvable by showing an algorithm that solves it; a computational problem is shown to be in P by showing an algorithm that solves it in time that is polynomial in the size of the inpu... | Non-constructive algorithm existence proofs | Wikipedia | 1,378 | 44465987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-constructive%20algorithm%20existence%20proofs | Mathematics | null | Mathematical logic, Constructivism (mathematics) | llm_classification |
In mathematics, a theta constant or
Thetanullwert' (German for theta zero value; plural Thetanullwerte) is the restriction θm(τ) = θm(τ,0) of a theta function θm(τ,z) with rational characteristic m to z = 0. The variable τ may be a complex number in the upper half-plane in which case the theta constants are modular fo... | Theta constant | Wikipedia | 331 | 44466777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta%20constant | Mathematics | null | Modular forms, Number theory | llm_classification |
In network science, a biased random walk on a graph is a time path process in which an evolving variable jumps from its current state to one of various potential new states; unlike in a pure random walk, the probabilities of the potential new states are unequal.
Biased random walks on a graph provide an approach for t... | Biased random walk on a graph | Wikipedia | 576 | 44466971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biased%20random%20walk%20on%20a%20graph | Mathematics | null | Network theory, Mathematical relations, Graph theory | llm_classification |
The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development is an independent, academic, non-profit research center at Tufts University in Boston, dedicated to researching drug development. It was established in 1976 by American physician Louis Lasagna. The Center develops and publishes information to help researchers, regulato... | Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development | Wikipedia | 343 | 44470364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufts%20Center%20for%20the%20Study%20of%20Drug%20Development | Chemistry, Biology | null | Drug discovery, Life sciences industry, Medicinal chemistry | llm_classification |
In organic chemistry, the Ziegler process (also called the Ziegler-Alfol synthesis) is a method for producing fatty alcohols from ethylene using an organoaluminium compound. The reaction produces linear primary alcohols with an even numbered carbon chain. The process uses an aluminum compound to oligomerize ethylene an... | Ziegler process | Wikipedia | 712 | 44470705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegler%20process | Chemistry | null | Chemical process engineering, Chemical processes, nan | llm_classification |
Finite volume method (FVM) is a numerical method. FVM in computational fluid dynamics is used to solve the partial differential equation which arises from the physical conservation law by using discretisation. Convection is always followed by diffusion and hence where convection is considered we have to consider combin... | Finite volume method for three-dimensional diffusion problem | Wikipedia | 907 | 44476255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20volume%20method%20for%20three-dimensional%20diffusion%20problem | Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics | null | Computational fluid dynamics, Fluid dynamics, Mathematical problems, Computational physics | llm_classification |
Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy, or just simply 15N NMR) is a version of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that examines samples containing the 15N nucleus. 15N NMR differs in several ways from the more common 13C and 1H NMR. To circumvent the difficulties associa... | Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | Wikipedia | 1,018 | 44476398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen-15%20nuclear%20magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopy | Physics, Chemistry | null | Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear physics | llm_classification |
The Lofoten Declaration, drafted in August 2017, is an international manifesto calling for the end of hydrocarbon exploration and further expansion of fossil fuel reserves for climate change mitigation. It calls for fossil fuel divestment and phase-out of use with a just transition to a low-carbon economy. A diverse gr... | Lofoten Declaration | Wikipedia | 202 | 62105397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofoten%20Declaration | Chemistry | null | Greenhouse gases, Emissions reduction | llm_classification |
In mathematics, dependent random choice is a probabilistic technique that shows how to find a large set of vertices in a dense graph such that every small subset of vertices has many common neighbors. It is a useful tool to embed a graph into another graph with many edges. Thus it has its application in extremal graph ... | Dependent random choice | Wikipedia | 894 | 62112877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent%20random%20choice | Mathematics | null | Mathematical relations, Graph theory, Extremal graph theory | llm_classification |
Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures is a biannual peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by Semnan University. The editor-in-chief is Abdoulhossein Fereidoon (Semnan University). The journal covers all aspects of research on composite structures. It was established in 2014 and is abstracted and i... | Mechanics of Advanced Composite Structures | Wikipedia | 101 | 73098022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics%20of%20Advanced%20Composite%20Structures | Materials_science, Engineering | null | Materials science stubs, Materials science journals, Materials science journal stubs, Materials science | llm_classification |
Iran's flexible approach towards stem-cell research is linked to the Shia tradition being flexible enough to allow for ESCs science; the second is that the approval of ESCs research was made easier by permissive laws governing other areas of biomedicine, such as new assisted reproductive technologies; and the third is ... | Stem cell laws and policy in Iran | Wikipedia | 547 | 73098119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem%20cell%20laws%20and%20policy%20in%20Iran | Biology | null | Biotechnology law | llm_classification |
Yury (or Yuriy or Yuri) Mikhailovich Bunkov (Юрий Михайлович Буньков, 29 August 1950 in Stavropol) is a Russian experimental physicist, specializing in condensed matter physics. He is known as one of the co-discoverers of the quantum spin liquid state.
Education and career
Bunkov, born into a family of geologists, gra... | Yury Mikhailovich Bunkov | Wikipedia | 2,102 | 70257270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury%20Mikhailovich%20Bunkov | Physics, Materials_science | null | Condensed matter physicists, Condensed matter physics | llm_classification |
A perpendicular paramagnetic bond is a type of chemical bond that does not exist under normal, atmospheric conditions. Such a phenomenon was first hypothesized through simulation to exist in the atmospheres of white dwarf stars whose magnetic fields, on the order of 105 teslas, could allow such interactions to exist. I... | Perpendicular paramagnetic bond | Wikipedia | 143 | 59478233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular%20paramagnetic%20bond | Physics, Chemistry, Materials_science, Astronomy | null | Astronomical sub-disciplines, Astronomy stubs, Astrophysics, Hypotheses in chemistry, Astrophysics stubs, Condensed matter physics, nan, Exotic matter, Magnetism in astronomy, Chemical bonding, Matter | llm_classification |
The Darling 58 is a genetically engineered American chestnut tree. The tree was created by American Chestnut Research & Restoration Program at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY ESF) in collaboration with The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) to restore the American c... | Darling 58 | Wikipedia | 1,068 | 67362875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darling%2058 | Chemistry, Engineering, Biology | null | Genetic engineering, Ecological restoration, Genetically modified organisms, Environmental engineering | llm_classification |
Freshwater Shoreline Management involves assessing and protecting lakes, rivers, and other freshwater shorelines from excessive development or other anthropogenic disturbances.
Shoreline management involves the long-term monitoring of watershed and shoreline revitalisation projects. Freshwater shoreline management is ... | Freshwater shoreline management | Wikipedia | 876 | 67368474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater%20shoreline%20management | Engineering | null | Coastal engineering, Civil engineering | llm_classification |
The green transport hierarchy (Canada), street user hierarchy (US), sustainable transport hierarchy (Wales), urban transport hierarchy or road user hierarchy (Australia, UK) is a hierarchy of modes of passenger transport prioritising green transport. It is a concept used in transport reform groups worldwide and in poli... | Green transport hierarchy | Wikipedia | 458 | 67373736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20transport%20hierarchy | Physics | null | Physical systems, Transport, Sustainable transport | llm_classification |
Sacituzumab govitecan, sold under the brand name Trodelvy by Gilead Sciences, is a Trop-2-directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor drug conjugate used for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and metastatic urothelial cancer.
The most common side effects include nausea, neutropenia, diarrhea,... | Sacituzumab govitecan | Wikipedia | 1,896 | 47556310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacituzumab%20govitecan | Biology | null | Antibody-drug conjugates | llm_classification |
In particle physics, true muonium is a theoretically predicted exotic atom representing a bound state of an muon and an antimuon (μ+μ−). The existence of true muonium is well established theoretically within the Standard Model. Its properties within the Standard Model are determined by quantum electrodynamics, and may ... | True muonium | Wikipedia | 565 | 47559813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True%20muonium | Physics | null | Particle physics stubs, Particle physics | llm_classification |
The Norman Hackerman Young Author Award was established in 1982 by The Electrochemical Society (ECS). The award is presented annually for the best paper published in the Journal of the Electrochemical Society for a topic in the field of electrochemical science and technology by a young author or authors. (This award in... | Norman Hackerman Young Author Award | Wikipedia | 207 | 47562544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman%20Hackerman%20Young%20Author%20Award | Chemistry, Technology | null | Chemistry awards, Electrochemistry, Science award stubs, Electrochemistry stubs, Science and technology awards, Physical chemistry stubs | llm_classification |
Cyaarside, also called cyarside, is the As≡C− anion. Featuring a triple bond between arsenic and carbon, it is the arsenic analogue of cyanide and cyaphide.
Preparation
An actinide cyaarside complex can be prepared by C−O bond cleavage of the arsaethynolate anion, the arsenic analogue of cyanate and phosphaethynolate.... | Cyaarside | Wikipedia | 154 | 74525897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyaarside | Physics, Chemistry | null | Ions, Matter, Anions | llm_classification |
Potential renal acid load (PRAL) is a measure of the acid that the body produces after ingesting a food. This is different from pH, which is the acidity of a food before being consumed. PRAL is a different acidity measure than the food ash measurement.
Some acidic foods actually have a negative PRAL measurement, meani... | Potential renal acid load | Wikipedia | 148 | 74531061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20renal%20acid%20load | Chemistry, Biology | null | Digestive system, Organ systems, Cellular processes, Biochemistry, Metabolism | llm_classification |
Secondary electro-spray ionization (SESI) is an ambient ionization technique for the analysis of trace concentrations of vapors, where a nano-electrospray produces charging agents that collide with the analyte molecules directly in gas-phase. In the subsequent reaction, the charge is transferred and vapors get ionized,... | Secondary electrospray ionization | Wikipedia | 1,384 | 60899832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20electrospray%20ionization | Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics | null | Mathematical modeling, Spectrum (physical sciences), Mathematical and theoretical biology, Instrumental analysis, Applied mathematics, Mass, Ion source, Mass spectrometry, Matter | llm_classification |
Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different proteins in a particular specimen. There are different methods and techniques to detect protein in different organisms. Protein detection has demonstrated important ... | Protein detection | Wikipedia | 3,012 | 60902291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20detection | Chemistry, Biology | null | Biochemistry methods, Protein methods, Protein biochemistry | llm_classification |
Gilles Holst (20 March 1886 – 11 October 1968) was a Dutch physicist, known worldwide for his invention of the low-pressure sodium lamp in 1932.
Early life
His father was a manager of a shipyard. In 1904 he went to ETH Zurich to study mechanical engineering, switching to mathematics and physics after a year.
Career
H... | Gilles Holst | Wikipedia | 269 | 54513154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles%20Holst | Physics, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Physical quantities, Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Electrical resistance and conductance | llm_classification |
Below is a list of the smallest exoplanets so far discovered, in terms of physical size, ordered by radius.
List
The sizes are listed in units of Earth radii (). All planets listed are smaller than Earth and Venus, up to 0.7 Earth radii. The NASA Exoplanet Archive is used as the main data source.
Excluded objects
Ke... | List of smallest exoplanets | Wikipedia | 212 | 54514043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20smallest%20exoplanets | Physics, Mathematics | null | Smallest things, Quantity, Physical quantities, Size | llm_classification |
Quadruple glazing (quadruple-pane insulating glazing) is a type of insulated glazing comprising four glass panes, commonly equipped with low emissivity coating and insulating gases in the cavities between the glass panes. Quadruple glazing is a subset of multipane (multilayer) glazing systems. Multipane glazing with up... | Quadruple glazing | Wikipedia | 1,421 | 51652568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadruple%20glazing | Physics, Chemistry, Engineering | null | Transport phenomena, Physical phenomena, Heat transfer, Glass, Building engineering, Unsolved problems in physics, Architecture, Homogeneous chemical mixtures, Construction, Materials, Thermodynamics, Amorphous solids, Matter, Building materials | llm_classification |
Jiří Linhart (13 April 1924 – 6 January 2011) Nuclear fusion physicist and Czech Olympic swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre breaststroke at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He stayed on in London after which he took his PhD under the supervision of Denis Gabor. He was a pioneer of Nuclear Fusion, author of ... | Jiří Linhart | Wikipedia | 188 | 51667206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Linhart | Physics, Chemistry | null | Nuclear fusion, Plasma physicists, Plasma physics, Nuclear physics | llm_classification |
Bromperidol decanoate, sold under the brand names Bromidol Depot, Bromodol Decanoato, and Impromen Decanoas, is an antipsychotic which has been marketed in Europe and Latin America. It is an antipsychotic ester and long-acting prodrug of bromperidol which is administered by depot intramuscular injection once every 4 we... | Bromperidol decanoate | Wikipedia | 159 | 63034277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromperidol%20decanoate | Chemistry | null | Chemicals in medicine, Prodrugs | llm_classification |
In mathematics, a semiorthogonal decomposition is a way to divide a triangulated category into simpler pieces. One way to produce a semiorthogonal decomposition is from an exceptional collection, a special sequence of objects in a triangulated category. For an algebraic variety X, it has been fruitful to study semiorth... | Semiorthogonal decomposition | Wikipedia | 1,631 | 63044039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiorthogonal%20decomposition | Mathematics | null | Mathematical structures, Fields of abstract algebra, Category theory, Algebraic geometry, Homological algebra | llm_classification |
ILC2 cells, or type 2 innate lymphoid cells are a type of innate lymphoid cell. Not to be confused with the ILC. They are derived from common lymphoid progenitor and belong to the lymphoid lineage. These cells lack antigen specific B or T cell receptor because of the lack of recombination activating gene. ILC2s produce... | ILC2 | Wikipedia | 1,438 | 53224225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILC2 | Biology | null | Immune system, Organ systems | llm_classification |
Playing period is a division of time in a sports or games, in which play occurs. Many games are divided into a fixed number of periods, which may be named for the number of divisions. Other games use terminology independent of the total number of divisions. A playing period may have a fixed length of game time or be bo... | Playing period | Wikipedia | 575 | 53224927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing%20period | Physics, Mathematics | null | Physical quantities, Time, Units of time, Quantity, Spacetime, Units of measurement | llm_classification |
Ponceau 3R (C.I. 16155) is an azo dye that once was used as a red food colorant. It is one of a family of Ponceau (French for "poppy-colored") dyes.
References
Food colorings
Azo dyes
Organic sodium salts
Naphthalenesulfonates
2-Naphthols | Ponceau 3R | Wikipedia | 75 | 53231144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponceau%203R | Chemistry | null | Organic sodium salts, Salts | llm_classification |
Brownout in software engineering is a technique that involves disabling certain features of an application.
Description
Brownout is used to increase the robustness of an application to computing capacity shortage. If too many users are simultaneously accessing an application hosted online, the underlying computing in... | Brownout (software engineering) | Wikipedia | 429 | 53231843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownout%20%28software%20engineering%29 | Technology, Engineering | null | Software engineering, Systems engineering, Information technology, Computer engineering | llm_classification |
The value of structural health information is the expected utility gain of a built environment system by information provided by structural health monitoring (SHM). The quantification of the value of structural health information is based on decision analysis adapted to built environment engineering. The value of struc... | Value of structural health information | Wikipedia | 390 | 62119898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value%20of%20structural%20health%20information | Engineering | null | Construction, Infrastructure | llm_classification |
Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a phenotype associated with senescent cells wherein those cells secrete high levels of inflammatory cytokines, immune modulators, growth factors, and proteases. SASP may also consist of exosomes and ectosomes containing enzymes, microRNA, DNA fragments, chemokines, an... | Senescence-associated secretory phenotype | Wikipedia | 2,233 | 62122982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence-associated%20secretory%20phenotype | Biology | null | Senescence, Cellular senescence, Cellular processes | llm_classification |
Thermal ecology is the study of the interactions between temperature and organisms. Such interactions include the effects of temperature on an organism's physiology, behavioral patterns, and relationship with its environment. While being warmer is usually associated with greater fitness, maintaining this level of heat ... | Thermal ecology | Wikipedia | 895 | 62123474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20ecology | Physics, Chemistry, Biology | null | Branches of thermodynamics, Thermodynamics, Physiology | llm_classification |
Prime editing is a 'search-and-replace' genome editing technology in molecular biology by which the genome of living organisms may be modified. The technology directly writes new genetic information into a targeted DNA site. It uses a fusion protein, consisting of a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease fused to an ... | Prime editing | Wikipedia | 2,632 | 62129266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20editing | Chemistry, Engineering, Biology | null | Genetics techniques, Biological engineering, Genome editing, Genetic engineering, Biotechnology, nan, Molecular biology, Biochemistry | llm_classification |
Curium nitride is a binary inorganic compound of curium and nitrogen with the chemical formula .
Synthesis
Curium nitride can be prepared by carbothermic nitridation of the oxide.
Physical properties
Curium nitride is solid and has a NaCl structure. It is ferromagnetic.
References
Nitrides
Curium compounds
Nitrogen... | Curium nitride | Wikipedia | 76 | 76021562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium%20nitride | Chemistry | null | Inorganic compounds, Inorganic compound stubs | llm_classification |
Artificial intelligence in architecture describes the use of artificial intelligence in automation, design and planning in the architectural process or in assisting human skills in the field of architecture. Artificial Intelligence is thought to potentially lead to and ensue major changes in architecture.
AI's poten... | Artificial intelligence in architecture | Wikipedia | 1,279 | 76023812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20intelligence%20in%20architecture | Engineering | null | Construction, Architecture | llm_classification |
The Lomagundi-Jatuli Carbon Isotope Excursion or Lomagundi-Jatuli Event (LJE) was a carbon isotope excursion that occurred in the Paleoproterozoic between 2.3-2.1 Ga, possessing the largest magnitude and longest duration of positive δ13C values found in marine carbonate rocks. The δ13C values range from +5 to + 30‰. ... | Lomagundi-Jatuli Carbon Isotope Excursion | Wikipedia | 2,105 | 76026176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomagundi-Jatuli%20Carbon%20Isotope%20Excursion | Chemistry | null | Isotope excursions, Isotopes | llm_classification |
Clathrin-independent endocytosis refers to the cellular process by which cells internalize extracellular molecules and particles through mechanisms that do not rely on the protein clathrin, playing a crucial role in diverse physiological processes such as nutrient uptake, membrane turnover, and cellular signaling.
Whi... | Clathrin-independent endocytosis | Wikipedia | 2,320 | 76027809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrin-independent%20endocytosis | Chemistry, Biology | null | Membrane biology, Cellular processes, Molecular biology | llm_classification |
The Bitter Springs anomaly (BSA) represents a sharp drop in δ13Ccarb concentrations on average by 8‰, for 8 million years during the Tonian period. This marks a noticeable deviation from the relatively high values of the time. The anomaly is named after the Bitter Springs formation in Australia where it was first docum... | Bitter Springs anomaly | Wikipedia | 608 | 76036587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter%20Springs%20anomaly | Chemistry | null | Isotope excursions, Isotopes | llm_classification |
Petronel Nieuwoudt is a South African wildlife conservationist. In 2011, she established the Care For Wild rhinoceros sanctuary in Mpumalanga, South Africa. It is the largest such sanctuary in the world. She is also the chief executive officer of the foundation.
Early life
Raised in the 1970s on a rural farm in Roedt... | Petronel Nieuwoudt | Wikipedia | 369 | 76036800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronel%20Nieuwoudt | Biology | null | Wildlife conservation, Biodiversity | llm_classification |
Ferric EDTA is the coordination complex formed from ferric ions and EDTA. EDTA has a high affinity for ferric ions. It gives yellowish aqueous solutions.
Synthesis and structure
Solutions of Fe(III)-EDTA are produced by combining ferrous salts and aqueous solutions of EDTA known as Jacobson's solution (cf. chemical e... | Ferric EDTA | Wikipedia | 904 | 56083217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferric%20EDTA | Chemistry | null | Coordination chemistry, Coordination complexes | llm_classification |
Backscattering cross section is a property of an object that determines what proportion of incident wave energy is scattered from the object, back in the direction of the incident wave. It is defined as the area which intercepts an amount of power in the incident beam which, if radiated isotropically, would yield a re... | Backscattering cross section | Wikipedia | 92 | 56083647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscattering%20cross%20section | Physics, Chemistry | null | Transport phenomena, Waves, Physical phenomena, Radiation | llm_classification |
A nuclear microreactor is a type of nuclear reactor which can be easily assembled and transported by road, rail or air. Microreactors are 100 to 1,000 times smaller than conventional nuclear reactors, and range in capacity from 1 to 20 MWe (megawatts of electricity), compared to 20 to 300 MWe (megawatts of electricity)... | Nuclear microreactor | Wikipedia | 2,012 | 65898168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20microreactor | Physics | null | Nuclear power, Physical quantities, Nuclear technology, Power (physics), Nuclear physics | llm_classification |
Parthenin is a chemical compound classified as a sesquiterpene lactone. It has been isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus.
It is genotoxic, allergenic, and an irritant. Parthenin is believed to be responsible for the dermatitis caused by Parthenium hysterophorus.
References
sesquiterpene lactones
Vinylidene compo... | Parthenin | Wikipedia | 92 | 57822802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenin | Chemistry | null | Chemical ecology, Plant toxins, Organic compounds, Organic compound stubs, Organic chemistry stubs | llm_classification |
(Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer is the organoruthenium compound with the formula [(CH)RuCl]. This red-coloured, diamagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis.
Preparation, structure, and reactions
The dimer is prepared by the reaction of cyclohexadienes with hydrated rutheniu... | (Benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer | Wikipedia | 266 | 57824255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28Benzene%29ruthenium%20dichloride%20dimer | Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Half sandwich compounds, Organometallic chemistry, Dimers (chemistry), Polymer chemistry | llm_classification |
ISO 9847, Solar energy — Calibration of field pyranometers by comparison to a reference pyranometer, is an ISO standard for the calibration of pyranometers.
References
09847
Meteorological instrumentation and equipment | ISO 9847 | Wikipedia | 53 | 57825535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%209847 | Technology, Engineering | null | Meteorological instrumentation and equipment, Measuring instruments | llm_classification |
Metal arene complexes are organometallic compounds of the formula (C6R6)xMLy. Common classes are of the type (C6R6)ML3 and (C6R6)2M. These compounds are reagents in inorganic and organic synthesis. The principles that describe arene complexes extend to related organic ligands such as many heterocycles (e.g. thiophene) ... | Transition metal arene complex | Wikipedia | 1,001 | 57828301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20metal%20arene%20complex | Chemistry | null | Coordination chemistry, Ligands, Organometallic chemistry, Half sandwich compounds | llm_classification |
Nanophase ceramics are ceramics that are nanophase materials (that is, materials that have grain sizes under 100 nanometers).
They have the potential for superplastic deformation. Because of the small grain size and added grain boundaries properties such as ductility, hardness, and reactivity see drastic changes from c... | Nanophase ceramic | Wikipedia | 1,200 | 44478442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanophase%20ceramic | Physics, Engineering | null | Ceramic engineering, Materials, Ceramic materials, Matter | llm_classification |
In applied mathematics, the Ostrogradsky instability is a feature of some solutions of theories having equations of motion with more than two time derivatives (higher-derivative theories). It is suggested by a theorem of Mikhail Ostrogradsky in classical mechanics according to which a non-degenerate Lagrangian depende... | Ostrogradsky instability | Wikipedia | 579 | 44481226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogradsky%20instability | Physics, Mathematics | null | Applied mathematics, Theoretical physics, Lagrangian mechanics, Classical mechanics, Hamiltonian mechanics, Mathematical physics, Dynamical systems | llm_classification |
A super-AGB star is a star with a mass intermediate between those that end their lives as a white dwarf and those that end with a core collapse supernova, and properties intermediate between asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and red supergiants. They have initial masses of in stellar-evolutionary models, but have e... | Super-AGB star | Wikipedia | 553 | 64411788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-AGB%20star | Physics | null | Astrophysics, Stellar evolution | llm_classification |
Splash lubrication is a rudimentary form of lubrication found in early engines. Such engines could be external combustion engines (such as stationary steam engines), or internal combustion engines (such as petrol, diesel or paraffin engines).
Description
An engine that uses splash lubrication requires neither oil pump... | Splash lubrication | Wikipedia | 402 | 64413209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splash%20lubrication | Chemistry, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Tribology, Mechanical engineering, Materials science, Surface science | llm_classification |
A coronavirus breathalyzer is a diagnostic medical device enabling the user to test with 90% or greater accuracy the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in an exhaled breath.
As of the first half of 2020, the idea of a practical coronavirus breathalyzer was concomitantly developed by unrelated r... | Coronavirus breathalyzer | Wikipedia | 2,417 | 64415092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus%20breathalyzer | Biology | null | Biomarkers, Biosensors | llm_classification |
Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) is a low cost, low aspect ratio compact tokamak reactor design, aiming for a 9 Tesla field at the plasma centre.
It is considered a step after ITER on the path to a fusion power plant.
Because of the high neutron irradiation damage expected, non-insulating superconducting coils ... | Fusion Nuclear Science Facility | Wikipedia | 90 | 70266907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion%20Nuclear%20Science%20Facility | Physics, Chemistry | null | Nuclear fusion, Nuclear energy, Radioactivity, Nuclear physics | llm_classification |
Neutron irradiation damage refers to material changes caused by high neutron flux, typically in a nuclear reactor after many years.
Graphite may shrink and then swell.
See also
Neutron embrittlement
Neutron radiation#Effects on materials
References
Neutron
Materials degradation | Neutron irradiation damage | Wikipedia | 51 | 70267150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20irradiation%20damage | Physics, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Materials degradation, Nuclear and atomic physics stubs, Materials science, Nuclear physics | llm_classification |
A keogram ("keo" from "Keoeeit" – Inuit word for "Aurora Borealis") is a way of displaying the intensity of an auroral display, taken from a narrow part of a round screen recorded by a camera, more specifically and ideally in practice a "whole sky camera". These images from the narrow band, which usually face up in the... | Keogram | Wikipedia | 285 | 70267538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keogram | Physics, Technology, Engineering | null | Physical phenomena, Earth phenomena, Meteorological instrumentation and equipment, Measuring instruments, Optical phenomena, Atmospheric optical phenomena | llm_classification |
Transcription factor SPT20 is a regulator of transcription. It can recruit TATA binding protein (TBP) and possible other base factors to bind to TATA box. The model of its action by example Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. It functions as a component of the transcriptional regulatory complex histone-acetylation a ... | SPT20 | Wikipedia | 351 | 70270570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPT20 | Chemistry, Biology | null | Protein stubs, Gene expression, Signal transduction, Biochemistry stubs, Induced stem cells, Transcription factors | llm_classification |
Ketodarolutamide (developmental code names ORM-15341, BAY-1896953) is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) and the major active metabolite of darolutamide (ODM-201, BAY-1841788), an NSAA which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. Similarly to its parent compound, ketodarolutamide acts as a highly selective... | Ketodarolutamide | Wikipedia | 316 | 54521251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketodarolutamide | Chemistry | null | Chemicals in medicine, Nitriles, Functional groups, Human drug metabolites | llm_classification |
In measure and probability theory in mathematics, a convex measure is a probability measure that — loosely put — does not assign more mass to any intermediate set "between" two measurable sets A and B than it does to A or B individually. There are multiple ways in which the comparison between the probabilities of A an... | Convex measure | Wikipedia | 515 | 54523294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20measure | Physics, Mathematics | null | Measures (measure theory), Quantity, Physical quantities, Size | llm_classification |
The flow in many fluids varies with density and depends upon gravity. The fluid with lower density is always above the fluid with higher density (stable stratification). Stratified flows are very common such as the Earth's ocean and its atmosphere.
Stratified fluid
A stratified fluid may be defined as the fluid with ... | Stratified flows | Wikipedia | 1,177 | 44494756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified%20flows | Physics, Chemistry, Engineering | null | Mechanical quantities, Physical quantities, Atmospheric dynamics, Chemical engineering, Mass, Intensive quantities, Fluid mechanics, Volume-specific quantities, Civil engineering, Density, Piping, Mass density, Matter, Fluid dynamics | llm_classification |
NGC 110 is an open star cluster located in the constellation Cassiopeia. It was discovered by the English astronomer John Herschel on October 29, 1831.
It is unknown if the members are physically related, or if the cluster exists at all. It is barely visible against the background sky, and the two dozen member stars s... | NGC 110 | Wikipedia | 115 | 47570772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%20110 | Astronomy | null | Cassiopeia (constellation), Constellations | llm_classification |
This is a list of countries and sovereign states by temperature.
Average yearly temperature is calculated by averaging the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in the country, averaged for the years 1991 – 2020, from World Bank Group, derived from raw gridded climatologies from the Climatic Research Unit.
See also
... | List of countries by average yearly temperature | Wikipedia | 89 | 47571281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20countries%20by%20average%20yearly%20temperature | Physics, Mathematics | null | Physical phenomena, Physical quantities, Weather, Quantity, Meteorological quantities, Climate and weather statistics, Weather-related lists | llm_classification |
T-cell growth factors acronym: TCGF(s) are signaling molecules collectively called growth factors which stimulate the production and development of T-cells. A number of them have been discovered, among them many members of the interleukin family. The thymus is one organ which releases TCGFs. TCGFs have been able to ... | T-cell growth factor | Wikipedia | 105 | 47572883 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cell%20growth%20factor | Chemistry, Biology | null | Immunology, Growth factors, Signal transduction | llm_classification |
The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) project is an initiative to unite scientists around the world to make tangible advances towards quantifying the amount of carbon outgassed from the Earth's deep interior (core, mantle, crust) into the surface environment (e.g. biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere) thro... | Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project | Wikipedia | 1,049 | 51684664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Earth%20Carbon%20Degassing%20Project | Physics | null | Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Geophysics | llm_classification |
Frost resistance is the ability of plants to survive cold temperatures. Generally, land plants of the northern hemisphere have higher frost resistance than those of the southern hemisphere. An example of a frost resistant plant is Drimys winteri which is more frost-tolerant than naturally occurring conifers and vessel-... | Frost resistance | Wikipedia | 267 | 73118583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost%20resistance | Biology | null | Plant physiology, Plants | llm_classification |
MT Pacific Cobalt is a Singaporean oil tanker built in 2020 and owned by Eastern Pacific Shipping. It is one of the first and largest ships to be installed with an onboard filtration and carbon capture system.
Description
Pacific Cobalt is a oil and chemical tanker with an overall length of . It is wide and has an ... | MT Pacific Cobalt | Wikipedia | 163 | 73119378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT%20Pacific%20Cobalt | Engineering | null | Geoengineering, Carbon capture and storage | llm_classification |
Aluminium–manganese alloys (AlMn alloys) are aluminium alloys that contain manganese (Mn) as the main alloying element. They consist mainly of aluminium (Al); in addition to manganese, which accounts for the largest proportion of about 1% of the alloying elements, but they may also contain small amounts of iron (Fe), s... | Aluminium–manganese alloys | Wikipedia | 1,224 | 73119604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93manganese%20alloys | Chemistry | null | Alloys, Aluminium alloys | llm_classification |
Aluminium brass is a technically rather uncommon term for high-strength and partly seawater-resistant copper-zinc cast and wrought alloys with 55–66% copper, up to 7% aluminium, up to 4.5% iron, and 5% manganese. Aluminium bronze is technically correct as bronze, a zinc-free copper-tin casting alloy with aluminium cont... | Aluminium–zinc alloys | Wikipedia | 259 | 73119653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93zinc%20alloys | Chemistry | null | Alloys, Aluminium alloys | llm_classification |
Aluminium–magnesium alloys (AlMg) – standardised in the 5000 series – are aluminium alloys that are mainly made of aluminium and contain magnesium as the main alloy element. Most standardised alloys also contain small additives of manganese (AlMg(Mn)). Pure AlMg alloys and the AlMg(Mn) alloys belong to the medium-stren... | Aluminium–magnesium alloys | Wikipedia | 2,084 | 73119707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93magnesium%20alloys | Chemistry | null | Alloys, Aluminium alloys | llm_classification |
Aluminium–magnesium–silicon alloys (AlMgSi) are aluminium alloys—alloys that are mainly made of aluminium—that contain both magnesium and silicon as the most important alloying elements in terms of quantity. Both together account for less than 2 percent by mass. The content of magnesium is greater than that of silicon,... | Aluminium–magnesium–silicon alloys | Wikipedia | 2,524 | 73120046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93magnesium%E2%80%93silicon%20alloys | Chemistry | null | Alloys, Aluminium alloys | llm_classification |
The Uzbekistan cough syrup scandal was a series of poisonings that resulted in the deaths of 18 children in Samarkand and two more children elsewhere in Uzbekistan in December 2022 and January 2023. It was caused by the toxic levels of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol in cold medicines produced by the Indian compa... | Uzbekistan cough syrup scandal | Wikipedia | 2,585 | 73123724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan%20cough%20syrup%20scandal | Chemistry | null | Adulteration, Drug safety | llm_classification |
Linked-read sequencing, a type of DNA sequencing technology, uses specialized technique that tags DNA molecules with unique barcodes before fragmenting them. Unlike traditional sequencing technology, where DNA is broken into small fragments and then sequenced individually, resulting in short read lengths that has diffi... | Linked-read sequencing | Wikipedia | 2,224 | 73124554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked-read%20sequencing | Chemistry, Biology | null | Biochemistry, nan, Biotechnology, Molecular biology | llm_classification |
The exploration-exploitation dilemma, also known as the explore-exploit tradeoff, is a fundamental concept in decision-making that arises in many domains. It is depicted as the balancing act between two opposing strategies. Exploitation involves choosing the best option based on current knowledge of the system (which m... | Exploration-exploitation dilemma | Wikipedia | 1,376 | 73127816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration-exploitation%20dilemma | Engineering | null | Artificial intelligence engineering, Machine learning | llm_classification |
A skirret is an archaic form of chalk line. It is a wooden tool shaped like the letter "T", historically used to ensure the foundation of a building was straight by laying down string as a marker. Today it is obsolete and little known, save for its use in some Freemasonry ceremonies.
Shaped like the letter "T" — with ... | Skirret (tool) | Wikipedia | 202 | 60916154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skirret%20%28tool%29 | Physics, Mathematics | null | Topology, Space, Geometry, Spacetime, Orientation (geometry) | llm_classification |
In mathematics, a Hasse–Schmidt derivation is an extension of the notion of a derivation. The concept was introduced by .
Definition
For a (not necessarily commutative nor associative) ring B and a B-algebra A, a Hasse–Schmidt derivation is a map of B-algebras
taking values in the ring of formal power series with co... | Hasse–Schmidt derivation | Wikipedia | 258 | 60921299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%E2%80%93Schmidt%20derivation | Mathematics | null | Abstract algebra, Algebra | llm_classification |
Sukbok Chang (; born August 1, 1962) is a South Korean organic chemist. He is a distinguished professor in the Department of Chemistry at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). He is also the director of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations (CCHF... | Sukbok Chang | Wikipedia | 1,118 | 60923680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukbok%20Chang | Chemistry | null | South Korean organic chemists, Organic chemists | llm_classification |
Herrmann's catalyst is an organopalladium compound that is a popular catalyst for the Heck reaction. It is a yellow air-stable solid that is soluble in organic solvents. Under conditions for catalysis, the acetate group is lost and the Pd-C bond undergoes protonolysis, giving rise to a source of "".
The complex is mad... | Herrmann's catalyst | Wikipedia | 147 | 59499174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrmann%27s%20catalyst | Chemistry, Materials_science | null | Dimers (chemistry), Polymer chemistry | llm_classification |
Composable disaggregated infrastructure (CDI), sometimes stylized as composable/disaggregated infrastructure, is a technology that allows enterprise data center operators to achieve the cost and availability benefits of cloud computing using on-premises networking equipment. It is considered a class of converged infra... | Composable disaggregated infrastructure | Wikipedia | 437 | 62136161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composable%20disaggregated%20infrastructure | Technology, Engineering | null | Computing terminology, IT infrastructure, Data centers, Network architecture, Computer networks engineering, Information technology, Computers | llm_classification |
In rational homotopy theory, the Halperin conjecture concerns the Serre spectral sequence of certain fibrations. It is named after the Canadian mathematician Stephen Halperin.
Statement
Suppose that is a fibration of simply connected spaces such that is rationally elliptic and (i.e., has non-zero Euler characteri... | Halperin conjecture | Wikipedia | 130 | 62138896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halperin%20conjecture | Mathematics | null | Unsolved problems in mathematics, Topology stubs, Conjectures, Topology, Mathematical problems | llm_classification |
Vapor etching refers to a process used in the fabrication of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Sacrificial layers are isotropically etched using gaseous acids such as Hydrogen fluoride and Xenon difluoride to release the free standing components of the device.
Economic adv... | Vapor etching | Wikipedia | 1,228 | 62139505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor%20etching | Engineering | null | Electrical engineering, Electromechanical engineering, Mechanical engineering by discipline | llm_classification |
H3K4me1 is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the mono-methylation at the 4th lysine residue of the histone H3 protein and often associated with gene enhancers.
Nomenclature
H3K4me1 indicates monomethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 protein subunit:
Lysin... | H3K4me1 | Wikipedia | 1,457 | 62140469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K4me1 | Chemistry | null | Post-translational modification, Gene expression, Biochemical reactions | llm_classification |
Marine geophysics is the scientific discipline that employs methods of geophysics to study the world's ocean basins and continental margins, particularly the solid earth beneath the ocean. It shares objectives with marine geology, which uses sedimentological, paleontological, and geochemical methods. Marine geophysical... | Marine geophysics | Wikipedia | 1,880 | 67380762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20geophysics | Physics, Environmental_science | null | Oceanography, Hydrology, Applied and interdisciplinary physics, Geophysics | llm_classification |
In the history of quantum mechanics, the Bothe–Geiger coincidence experiment was conducted by Walther Bothe and Hans Geiger from 1924 to 1925. The experiment explored x-ray scattering from electrons to determine the nature of the conservation of energy at microscopic scales, which was contested at that time. The exper... | Bothe–Geiger coincidence experiment | Wikipedia | 1,716 | 76047279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothe%E2%80%93Geiger%20coincidence%20experiment | Physics | null | Particle physics, Experimental physics, Physics experiments, Experimental particle physics | llm_classification |
In category theory, a point-surjective morphism is a morphism that "behaves" like surjections on the category of sets.
The notion of point-surjectivity is an important one in Lawvere's fixed-point theorem, and it first was introduced by William Lawvere in his original article.
Definition
Point-surjectivity
In a c... | Point-surjective morphism | Wikipedia | 526 | 76047368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-surjective%20morphism | Mathematics | null | Functions and mappings, Mathematical structures, Mathematical objects, Fields of abstract algebra, Category theory, Mathematical relations, Morphisms | llm_classification |
In commutative and homological algebra, the grade of a finitely generated module over a Noetherian ring is a cohomological invariant defined by vanishing of Ext-modules
For an ideal the grade is defined via the quotient ring viewed as a module over
The grade is used to define perfect ideals. In general we have th... | Grade (ring theory) | Wikipedia | 136 | 74536549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade%20%28ring%20theory%29 | Mathematics | null | Mathematical structures, Ring theory, Fields of abstract algebra, Category theory, Commutative algebra, Homological algebra | llm_classification |
Project Thunderbird was a 1967 United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) proposal to use nuclear explosives to prepare coalbeds to gasify coal in place underground in Wyoming. The project was proposed as a component of Project Plowshare, which sought ways to use nuclear devices in public works and industrial develop... | Project Thunderbird | Wikipedia | 746 | 74536896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Thunderbird | Chemistry | null | Synthetic fuel technologies, Coal gasification technologies, Explosions, Peaceful nuclear explosions | llm_classification |
Germán Sierra is a Spanish theoretical physicist, author, and academic. He is Professor of Research at the Institute of Theoretical Physics Autonomous University of Madrid-Spanish National Research Council.
Sierra's research interests span the field of physics and mathematical physics, focusing particularly on condens... | Germán Sierra | Wikipedia | 2,952 | 74540613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n%20Sierra | Physics, Materials_science | null | Condensed matter physicists, Theoretical physics, Quantum physicists, Quantum mechanics, Condensed matter physics, Theoretical physicists | llm_classification |
A cosmological phase transition is a physical process, whereby the overall state of matter changes together across the whole universe. The success of the Big Bang model led researchers to conjecture possible cosmological phase transitions taking place in the very early universe, at a time when it was much hotter and de... | Cosmological phase transition | Wikipedia | 739 | 74543750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological%20phase%20transition | Physics, Astronomy | null | Cosmogony, Astronomical sub-disciplines, Concepts in astronomy, Big Bang, Astronomical events, Theoretical physics, Astrophysics, Particle physics, Physical cosmology | llm_classification |
In physics, the Matthias rules refers to a historical set of empirical guidelines on how to find superconductors. These rules were authored Bernd T. Matthias who discovered hundreds of superconductors using these principles in the 1950s and 1960s. Deviations from these rules have been found since the end of the 1970s w... | Matthias rules | Wikipedia | 957 | 74544862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias%20rules | Physics, Materials_science, Engineering | null | Physical quantities, Theoretical physics, Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Electrical resistance and conductance, Obsolete theories in physics | llm_classification |
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