id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,141,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20Map | The Vector Map (VMAP), also called Vector Smart Map, is a vector-based collection of geographic information system (GIS) data about Earth at various levels of detail. Level 0 (low resolution) coverage is global and entirely in the public domain. Level 1 (global coverage at medium resolution) is only partly in the publi... | Vector Map | [
"Technology"
] | 1,398 | [
"Information systems",
"Geographic information systems"
] |
4,142,023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongkrek%20acid | Bongkrek acid (also known as bongkrekic acid) is a respiratory toxin produced in fermented coconut or corn contaminated by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. It is a highly toxic, heat-stable, colorless, odorless, and highly unsaturated tricarboxylic acid that inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase, a... | Bongkrek acid | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,719 | [
"Toxicology",
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Ethers"
] |
4,142,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin%20vase | The Rubin vase (sometimes known as Rubin's vase, the Rubin face or the figure–ground vase) is a famous example of ambiguous or bi-stable (i.e., reversing) two-dimensional forms developed around 1915 by the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin.
The depicted version of Rubin's vase can be seen as the black profiles of two pe... | Rubin vase | [
"Physics"
] | 892 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical illusions"
] |
4,142,269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20hydrogen%20phthalate | Potassium hydrogen phthalate, often called simply KHP, is an acidic salt compound. It forms white powder, colorless crystals, a colorless solution, and an ionic solid that is the monopotassium salt of phthalic acid. KHP is slightly acidic, and it is often used as a primary standard for acid–base titrations because it ... | Potassium hydrogen phthalate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 497 | [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Functional groups"
] |
4,142,398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20Boundary%20Explorer | Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX or Explorer 91 or SMEX-10) is a NASA satellite in Earth orbit that uses energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) to image the interaction region between the Solar System and interstellar space. The mission is part of NASA's Small Explorer program and was launched with a Pegasus-XL launch vehi... | Interstellar Boundary Explorer | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,805 | [
"Astronomical surveys",
"Astronomical objects",
"Works about astronomy"
] |
4,142,564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML%20email | HTML email is the use of a subset of HTML to provide formatting and semantic markup capabilities in email that are not available with plain text: Text can be linked without displaying a URL, or breaking long URLs into multiple pieces. Text is wrapped to fit the width of the viewing window, rather than uniformly breakin... | HTML email | [
"Technology"
] | 1,725 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Internet terminology"
] |
4,142,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NinJo | NinJo is a meteorological software system. It is a community project of the German Weather Service, the Meteorological Service of Canada, the Danish Meteorological Institute, MeteoSwiss, and the German Bundeswehr. It consists of modules for monitoring weather events, editing point forecasts and viewing meteorological d... | NinJo | [
"Physics"
] | 583 | [
"Weather",
"Weather prediction",
"Physical phenomena"
] |
4,142,907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cokin | Cokin is a French manufacturer of optical filters for photography. The system allows filters such as rectangular graduated neutral density filters which are versatile in use.
History
Cokin are particularly noted for their "Creative Filter System". It was invented by photographer Jean Coquin and introduced in 1978. B... | Cokin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 352 | [
"Optical filters",
"Filters"
] |
4,142,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s%20theorem%20%28stationary%20points%29 | In mathematics, Fermat's theorem (also known as interior extremum theorem) is a method to find local maxima and minima of differentiable functions on open sets by showing that every local extremum of the function is a stationary point (the function's derivative is zero at that point). It belongs to the mathematical fie... | Fermat's theorem (stationary points) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,202 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in calculus",
"Calculus",
"Theorems in real analysis",
"Differential calculus",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
4,143,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Year%20of%20Astronomy | The International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's Astronomia nova in the 17th century. The Year... | International Year of Astronomy | [
"Astronomy"
] | 3,381 | [
"Astronomy education",
"Astronomy education events",
"Astronomy events"
] |
4,143,960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast%20growth%20factor | Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a family of cell signalling proteins produced by the macrophages. They are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development in animal cells. Any irregularities in their function will lead to a range of developmental defects. These grow... | Fibroblast growth factor | [
"Biology"
] | 2,565 | [
"Protein domains",
"Morphogens",
"Induced stem cells",
"Protein classification"
] |
4,144,007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIK%20%28character%20set%29 | MIK (МИК) is an 8-bit Cyrillic code page used with DOS. It is based on the character set used in the Bulgarian Pravetz 16 IBM PC compatible system. Kermit calls this character set "BULGARIA-PC" / "bulgaria-pc". In Bulgaria, it was sometimes incorrectly referred to as code page 856 (which clashes with IBM's definition f... | MIK (character set) | [
"Technology"
] | 504 | [
"Natural language and computing",
"Character encoding"
] |
4,144,434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-bodies | In cellular biology, P-bodies, or processing bodies, are distinct foci formed by phase separation within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell consisting of many enzymes involved in mRNA turnover. P-bodies are highly conserved structures and have been observed in somatic cells originating from vertebrates and invertebrat... | P-bodies | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,193 | [
"Biochemistry",
"nan",
"Molecular biology"
] |
4,144,576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prins%20reaction | The Prins reaction is an organic reaction consisting of an electrophilic addition of an aldehyde or ketone to an alkene or alkyne followed by capture of a nucleophile or elimination of an H+ ion. The outcome of the reaction depends on reaction conditions. With water and a protic acid such as sulfuric acid as the reacti... | Prins reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,238 | [
"Coupling reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
4,144,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability-adjusted%20life%20year | Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death. It was developed in the 1990s as a way of comparing the overall health and life expectancy of different countries.
DALYs have become more common in the fi... | Disability-adjusted life year | [
"Biology"
] | 2,466 | [
"Senescence",
"Life expectancy"
] |
4,144,614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very-high-density%20cable%20interconnect | A very-high-density cable interconnect (VHDCI) is a 68-pin connector that was introduced in the SPI-2 document of SCSI-3. The VHDCI connector is a very small connector that allows placement of four wide SCSI connectors on the back of a single PCI card slot. Physically, it looks like a miniature Centronics type connecto... | Very-high-density cable interconnect | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 495 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Computer hardware stubs",
"Networking hardware"
] |
4,144,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge%20integration | Knowledge integration is the process of synthesizing multiple knowledge models (or representations) into a common model (representation).
Compared to information integration, which involves merging information having different schemas and representation models, knowledge integration focuses more on synthesizing the un... | Knowledge integration | [
"Engineering"
] | 736 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Machine learning"
] |
4,144,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiplap | Shiplap is a type of wooden board used commonly as exterior siding in the construction of residences, barns, sheds, and outbuildings.
Exterior walls
Shiplap is either rough-sawn or milled pine or similarly inexpensive wood between wide with a rabbet on opposite sides of each edge. The rabbet allows the boards to o... | Shiplap | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 467 | [
"Timber framing",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Civil engineering",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
4,144,933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20RFCs | This is a partial list of RFCs (request for comments memoranda). A Request for Comments (RFC) is a publication in a series from the principal technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet, most prominently the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
While there are over 9,151 RFCs as of February ... | List of RFCs | [
"Technology"
] | 166 | [
"Computing-related lists",
"Internet-related lists"
] |
4,144,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae-Wan%20Ho | Mae-Wan Ho (; 12 November 1941 – 24 March 2016) was a geneticist known for her critical views on genetic engineering and evolution. She authored or co-authored a number of publications, including 10 books, such as The Rainbow and the Worm, the Physics of Organisms (1993, 1998), Genetic Engineering: Dream or Nightmare? ... | Mae-Wan Ho | [
"Biology"
] | 1,079 | [
"Non-Darwinian evolution",
"Biology theories"
] |
4,145,225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20disnub%20dirhombidodecahedron | In geometry, the great disnub dirhombidodecahedron, also called Skilling's figure, is a degenerate uniform star polyhedron.
It was proven in 1970 that there are only 75 uniform polyhedra other than the infinite families of prisms and antiprisms. John Skilling discovered another degenerate example, the great disnub di... | Great disnub dirhombidodecahedron | [
"Physics"
] | 631 | [
"Uniform polytopes",
"Uniform polyhedra",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,145,238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etizolam | Etizolam (marketed under numerous brand names) is a thienodiazepine derivative which is a benzodiazepine analog. The etizolam molecule differs from a benzodiazepine in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring and triazole ring has been fused, making the drug a thienotriazolodiazepine.
Although a thi... | Etizolam | [
"Biology"
] | 1,920 | [
"Hypnotics",
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
4,145,330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloxazolam | Cloxazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative that has anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties. It is not widely used; as of August 2018 it was marketed in Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Brazil, and Japan. In 2019, it has been retired from the Belgian market.
See also
Cinazepam
Gidazepam
References
Exter... | Cloxazolam | [
"Chemistry"
] | 130 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
4,145,437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year%20zero | A year zero does not exist in the Anno Domini (AD) calendar year system commonly used to number years in the Gregorian calendar (nor in its predecessor, the Julian calendar); in this system, the year is followed directly by year (which is the year of the epoch of the era). However, there is a year zero in both the as... | Year zero | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,081 | [
"Chronology",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Astronomical coordinate systems",
"Coordinate systems",
"Spacetime"
] |
4,145,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinolazepam | Cinolazepam (marketed under the brand name Gerodorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Due to its strong sedative properties, it is primarily used as a hypnotic.
It was patented in 1978 and came into medical use in... | Cinolazepam | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 144 | [
"Hypnotics",
"Behavior",
"Functional groups",
"Sleep",
"Nitriles"
] |
4,145,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxefazepam | Doxefazepam (marketed under brand name Doxans) is a benzodiazepine medication. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is used therapeutically as a hypnotic. According to Babbini and colleagues in 1975, this derivative of flurazepam was between 2 and 4 times more po... | Doxefazepam | [
"Biology"
] | 321 | [
"Hypnotics",
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
4,145,551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%20fertilization | Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron-containing compounds (like iron sulfate) to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production. This is intended to enhance biological productivity and/or accelerate carbon dioxide () sequestration from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace el... | Iron fertilization | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 6,405 | [
"Planetary engineering",
"Ecological restoration",
"Geoengineering",
"Ecosystems",
"Environmental engineering",
"Aquatic ecology"
] |
4,145,648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20L3 | Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade has played a pivotal role in the early dispersal of anatomically modern humans.
It is strongly associated with the out-of-Africa migration of modern humans of about 70–50,000 years ago.
It is inherited by all modern non-African populations, as we... | Haplogroup L3 | [
"Biology"
] | 3,304 | [
"Biological hypotheses",
"Recent African origin of modern humans"
] |
4,145,863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversified%20Pharmaceutical%20Services | Diversified Pharmaceutical Services entered the market in 1976 as the pharmacy benefit manager for United HealthCare, a leading managed care organization. It pioneered many cost containment strategies that are now core pharmacy benefit manager services and became a recognized leader in clinical programs.
History
Dive... | Diversified Pharmaceutical Services | [
"Biology"
] | 141 | [
"Life sciences industry"
] |
4,145,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpuscularianism | Corpuscularianism, also known as corpuscularism (), is a set of theories that explain natural transformations as a result of the interaction of particles (minima naturalia, partes exiles, partes parvae, particulae, and semina). It differs from atomism in that corpuscles are usually endowed with a property of their own ... | Corpuscularianism | [
"Physics"
] | 774 | [
"Particles",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
4,145,940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20Z | In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Origin
Haplogroup Z is believed to have arisen in Central Asia, and is a descendant of haplogroup CZ.
Distribution
The greatest clade diversity of haplogroup Z is found in East Asia and Central Asia. However, its greatest ... | Haplogroup Z | [
"Biology"
] | 2,692 | [
"Genetics"
] |
329,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20decoder%20ring | A secret decoder ring (or secret decoder) is a device that allows one to decode a simple substitution cipher—or to encrypt a message by working in the opposite direction.
As inexpensive toys, secret decoders have often been used as promotional items by retailers, as well as radio and television programs, from the 1930... | Secret decoder ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 650 | [
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mechanical puzzles"
] |
329,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgurite | Fulgurites (), commonly called "fossilized lightning", are natural tubes, clumps, or masses of sintered, vitrified, or fused soil, sand, rock, organic debris and other sediments that sometimes form when lightning discharges into ground. When composed of silica, fulgurites are classified as a variety of the mineraloid l... | Fulgurite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,003 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena",
"nan",
"Lightning"
] |
329,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20of%20revolution | In geometry, a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary). The surface created by this revolution and which bounds the solid is the surface of revolution.
Assuming that the... | Solid of revolution | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 959 | [
"Calculus",
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Integral calculus",
"Solids",
"Matter"
] |
329,473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%20satisfaction | Job satisfaction, employee satisfaction or work satisfaction is a measure of workers' contentment with their job, whether they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as nature of work or supervision. Job satisfaction can be measured in cognitive (evaluative), affective (or emotional), and behavioral... | Job satisfaction | [
"Biology"
] | 5,327 | [
"Behavior",
"Organizational behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
329,542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20%28mathematics%29 | In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not.
For a radius, , an open disk is usually denoted as and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk... | Disk (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 868 | [
"Planes (geometry)",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Planar surfaces",
"Circles",
"Pi"
] |
329,549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20of%20revolution | A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally not intersecting the generatrix, except at its endpoints).
The volume bounded by the surface created by this revolution is the solid of revolution.
Examples of s... | Surface of revolution | [
"Mathematics"
] | 962 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
329,553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted%20use%20pesticide | Restricted use pesticides (RUP) are pesticides not available to the general public in the United States. Fulfilling its pesticide regulation responsibilities, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers all pesticides as either "unclassified" or "restricted use". Unclassified pesticides are availa... | Restricted use pesticide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 519 | [
"Toxicology",
"Pesticides",
"Regulation of chemicals",
"Pesticide regulation",
"Biocides"
] |
329,625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimesis | Mimesis (; , mīmēsis) is a term used in literary criticism and philosophy that carries a wide range of meanings, including imitatio, imitation, nonsensuous similarity, receptivity, representation, mimicry, the act of expression, the act of resembling, and the presentation of the self.
The original Ancient Greek term m... | Mimesis | [
"Biology"
] | 4,519 | [
"Play (activity)",
"Behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
329,806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleight%20of%20hand | Sleight of hand (also known as prestidigitation or legerdemain ()) refers to fine motor skills when used by performing artists in different art forms to entertain or manipulate. It is closely associated with close-up magic, card magic, card flourishing and stealing. Because of its heavy use and practice by magicians, s... | Sleight of hand | [
"Biology"
] | 976 | [
"Behavior",
"Motor skills",
"Motor control"
] |
329,829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20blanking%20interval | In a raster scan display, the vertical blanking interval (VBI), also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time between the end of the final visible line of a frame or field and the beginning of the first visible line of the next frame or field. It is present in analog television, VGA, DVI and other signals.... | Vertical blanking interval | [
"Technology"
] | 894 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
329,877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijitu | In Chinese philosophy, a taijitu () is a symbol or diagram () representing taiji () in both its monist (wuji) and its dualist (yin and yang) forms in application is a deductive and inductive theoretical model. Such a diagram was first introduced by Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhou Dunyi of the Song Dynasty in his Taijit... | Taijitu | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,346 | [
"Visual motifs",
"Symbols",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
329,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20process | In mathematics and statistics, a stationary process (or a strict/strictly stationary process or strong/strongly stationary process) is a stochastic process whose unconditional joint probability distribution does not change when shifted in time. Consequently, parameters such as mean and variance also do not change over ... | Stationary process | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,213 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing"
] |
329,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20disorder | Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, civil strife, or turmoil, are situations when law enforcement struggle to maintain public order or tranquility.
Causes
Any number of things may cause civil disorder, whether it is a single cause or a combination of causes; however, most are born from polit... | Civil disorder | [
"Biology"
] | 1,855 | [
"Deviance (sociology)",
"Behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
329,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian | A supercentenarian, sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian, is a person who is 110 years or older. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of significant age-related diseases until shortly before the maximum human lifespan is reached.
Etymology
The term ... | Supercentenarian | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,176 | [
"Senescence",
"Metabolism",
"Cellular processes"
] |
330,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretization | In applied mathematics, discretization is the process of transferring continuous functions, models, variables, and equations into discrete counterparts. This process is usually carried out as a first step toward making them suitable for numerical evaluation and implementation on digital computers. Dichotomization is t... | Discretization | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,062 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Mathematical objects",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
330,095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel%20%28set%20theory%29 | In set theory, the kernel of a function (or equivalence kernel) may be taken to be either
the equivalence relation on the function's domain that roughly expresses the idea of "equivalent as far as the function can tell", or
the corresponding partition of the domain.
An unrelated notion is that of the kernel of a ... | Kernel (set theory) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 624 | [
"Abstract algebra",
"Set theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Algebra"
] |
330,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20learning%20theory | Social learning theory is a theory of social behavior that proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor repro... | Social learning theory | [
"Biology"
] | 5,836 | [
"Behavior",
"Behavioral concepts",
"Behaviorism",
"Social learning theory"
] |
330,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20island | An artificial island or man-made island is an island that has been constructed by humans rather than formed through natural processes. Other definitions may suggest that artificial islands are lands with the characteristics of human intervention in their formation process, while others argue that artificial islands are... | Artificial island | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,577 | [
"Construction",
"Coastal construction"
] |
330,206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable%20function | In mathematics, a differentiable function of one real variable is a function whose derivative exists at each point in its domain. In other words, the graph of a differentiable function has a non-vertical tangent line at each interior point in its domain. A differentiable function is smooth (the function is locally well... | Differentiable function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,326 | [
"Multivariable calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
330,303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygoma | The term zygoma generally refers to the zygomatic bone, a bone of the human skull that is commonly referred to as the cheekbone or malar bone, but it may also refer to:
The zygomatic arch, a structure in the human skull formed primarily by parts of the zygomatic bone and the temporal bone
The zygomatic process, a bo... | Zygoma | [
"Biology"
] | 130 | [
"Anatomy"
] |
330,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%E2%80%93nullity%20theorem | The rank–nullity theorem is a theorem in linear algebra, which asserts:
the number of columns of a matrix is the sum of the rank of and the nullity of ; and
the dimension of the domain of a linear transformation is the sum of the rank of (the dimension of the image of ) and the nullity of (the dimension of the k... | Rank–nullity theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,356 | [
"Theorems in algebra",
"Theorems in linear algebra",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
330,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20decay | A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value. Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where is the quantity and (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate consta... | Exponential decay | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,374 | [
"E (mathematical constant)",
"Exponentials"
] |
330,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating%20hormone | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. It is a glycoprotein hormone produced by... | Thyroid-stimulating hormone | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,275 | [
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
330,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Note%20%28typography%29 | In publishing, a note is a brief text in which the author comments on the subject and themes of the book and names supporting citations. In the editorial production of books and documents, typographically, a note is usually several lines of text at the bottom of the page, at the end of a chapter, at the end of a volume... | Note (typography) | [
"Technology"
] | 2,765 | [
"Metadata",
"Data"
] |
330,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20integration | Disc integration, also known in integral calculus as the disc method, is a method for calculating the volume of a solid of revolution of a solid-state material when integrating along an axis "parallel" to the axis of revolution. This method models the resulting three-dimensional shape as a stack of an infinite number o... | Disc integration | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 649 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Calculus",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Extensive quantities",
"Volume",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Integral calculus"
] |
330,604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoidal%20category | In mathematics, a monoidal category (or tensor category) is a category equipped with a bifunctor
that is associative up to a natural isomorphism, and an object I that is both a left and right identity for ⊗, again up to a natural isomorphism. The associated natural isomorphisms are subject to certain coherence condit... | Monoidal category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,355 | [
"Monoidal categories",
"Mathematical structures",
"Category theory"
] |
330,618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell%20integration | Shell integration (the shell method in integral calculus) is a method for calculating the volume of a solid of revolution, when integrating along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution. This is in contrast to disc integration which integrates along the axis parallel to the axis of revolution.
Definition
The ... | Shell integration | [
"Mathematics"
] | 342 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
330,675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Tylenol%20murders | The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims consumed Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. Seven people died in the original poisonings, and there were several more deaths i... | Chicago Tylenol murders | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,479 | [
"Adulteration",
"Drug safety"
] |
330,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Aero%20Club | The Royal Aero Club (RAeC) is the national co-ordinating body for air sport in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1901 as the Aero Club of Great Britain, being granted the title of the "Royal Aero Club" in 1910.
History
The Aero Club was founded in 1901 by Frank Hedges Butler, his daughter Vera and the Hon Charles ... | Royal Aero Club | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,399 | [
"Fédération Aéronautique Internationale",
"Aeronautics organizations"
] |
330,879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropometry | Anthropometry (, ) refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human physical variation, in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with racial and psychological traits. Anthropo... | Anthropometry | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 3,102 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Human body",
"Physiology",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
330,970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Saro-Wiwa | Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa (10 October 1941 – 10 November 1995) was a Nigerian writer, teacher, television producer, and environmental activist. Saro-Wiwa was a member of the Ogoni people, an ethnic minority in Nigeria whose homeland, Ogoniland, in the Niger Delta, has been targeted for crude oil extraction since the 1950... | Ken Saro-Wiwa | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,241 | [
"Petroleum",
"Petroleum politics"
] |
330,981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau%20%28particle%29 | The tau (), also called the tau lepton, tau particle or tauon, is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with negative electric charge and a spin of . Like the electron, the muon, and the three neutrinos, the tau is a lepton, and like all elementary particles with half-integer spin, the tau has a corresponding... | Tau (particle) | [
"Physics"
] | 1,190 | [
"Elementary particles",
"Subatomic particles",
"Matter"
] |
330,994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze%20theorem | In calculus, the squeeze theorem (also known as the sandwich theorem, among other names) is a theorem regarding the limit of a function that is bounded between two other functions.
The squeeze theorem is used in calculus and mathematical analysis, typically to confirm the limit of a function via comparison with two ot... | Squeeze theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 868 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Theorems about real number sequences",
"Mathematical relations",
"Articles containing proofs"
] |
331,080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matryoshka%20doll | Matryoshka dolls ( ; ), also known as stacking dolls, nesting dolls, Russian tea dolls, or Russian dolls, are a set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another. The name Matryoshka, is a diminutive form of Matryosha (), in turn a hypocoristic of the Russian female first name Matryona ().
A set of matr... | Matryoshka doll | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,585 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Recursion"
] |
331,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contig | A contig (from contiguous) is a set of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA.
In bottom-up sequencing projects, a contig refers to overlapping sequence data (reads); in top-down sequencing projects, contig refers to the overlapping clones that form a physical map of the genome that ... | Contig | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,400 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
331,154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Plateau | Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau (; 14 October 1801 – 15 September 1883) was a Belgian physicist and mathematician. He was one of the first people to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image. To do this, he used counterrotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly space... | Joseph Plateau | [
"Chemistry"
] | 948 | [
"Fluid dynamicists",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
331,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal%20enuresis | Nocturnal enuresis (NE), also informally called bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually begins. Bedwetting in children and adults can result in emotional stress. Complications can include urinary tract infections.
Most bedwetting is a developmental delay—not an ... | Nocturnal enuresis | [
"Biology"
] | 4,888 | [
"Behavior",
"Toilet training",
"Urine",
"Excretion",
"Animal waste products",
"Sleep disorders",
"Sleep"
] |
331,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysophilia | Mysophilia is a paraphilia where erotic pleasure is derived from filth. Mysophiles may find dirt, soiled underwear, feces, unwashed people, or vomit to be sexually arousing.
People with mysophilia have been known to be aroused by unclean locations, such as an alleyway or a dirty bathroom, and behaviors, such as not ba... | Mysophilia | [
"Biology"
] | 202 | [
"Behavior",
"Sexuality stubs",
"Sexuality"
] |
331,211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharon%20Shelah | Saharon Shelah ( , ; born July 3, 1945) is an Israeli mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Rutgers University in New Jersey.
Biography
Shelah was born in Jerusalem on July 3, 1945. He is the son of the Israeli poet and political activist Yonatan Ratosh. He received ... | Saharon Shelah | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,170 | [
"Model theorists",
"Model theory"
] |
331,221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine | Creatine ( or ) is an organic compound with the nominal formula . It exists in various tautomers in solutions (among which are neutral form and various zwitterionic forms). Creatine is found in vertebrates, where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), primarily in muscle and brain tissue. Recycling i... | Creatine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,974 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Guanidines",
"Functional groups",
"Exercise biochemistry"
] |
331,448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20depth | Color depth, also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel. When referring to a pixel, the concept can be defined as bits per pixel (bpp). When referring to a color component, the concept can be d... | Color depth | [
"Technology"
] | 3,566 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
331,535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic%20acid%20sequence | A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. This succession is denoted by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of the nucleotides. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5' end t... | Nucleic acid sequence | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,458 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Molecular biology",
"Nucleic acids"
] |
331,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Elmo%27s%20fire | St. Elmo's fire (also called witchfire or witch's fire) is a weather phenomenon in which luminous plasma is created by a corona discharge from a rod-like object such as a mast, spire, chimney, or animal horn in an atmospheric electric field. It has also been observed on the leading edges of aircraft, as in the case of ... | St. Elmo's fire | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 4,740 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Astronomical myths",
"Castor and Pollux"
] |
331,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happened-before | In computer science, the happened-before relation (denoted: ) is a relation between the result of two events, such that if one event should happen before another event, the result must reflect that, even if those events are in reality executed out of order (usually to optimize program flow). This involves ordering even... | Happened-before | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 525 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Distributed computing problems",
"Computational problems",
"Spacetime",
"Mathematical problems",
"Logical clock algorithms"
] |
331,579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20microfluidics | Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a platform for lab-on-a-chip systems that is based upon the manipulation of microdroplets. Droplets are dispensed, moved, stored, mixed, reacted, or analyzed on a platform with a set of insulated electrodes. Digital microfluidics can be used together with analytical analysis procedures su... | Digital microfluidics | [
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 8,074 | [
"Biotechnology",
"nan",
"Microfluidics",
"Microtechnology"
] |
331,597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuratowski%20closure%20axioms | In topology and related branches of mathematics, the Kuratowski closure axioms are a set of axioms that can be used to define a topological structure on a set. They are equivalent to the more commonly used open set definition. They were first formalized by Kazimierz Kuratowski, and the idea was further studied by mathe... | Kuratowski closure axioms | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,703 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Order theory",
"Closure operators",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
7,037,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudity%20and%20sexuality | The relationship between nudity and sexuality can be complicated. When people are nude, this often leads to sexual arousal, which is why indecent exposure is often considered a crime. There are also social movements to promote a greater degree of nudity, such as the topfreedom movement to promote female toplessness, as... | Nudity and sexuality | [
"Biology"
] | 1,193 | [
"Behavior",
"Sexuality",
"Sex"
] |
7,037,175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem%20dos%20Engenheiros | The Ordem dos Engenheiros (OE, ) is the regulatory and licensing body for the engineering profession in Portugal. It is headquartered in Lisbon, and has several regional branches in other Portuguese cities.
The OE was established by law in 1936. It succeeded the Portuguese Association of Civil Engineers, founded nearl... | Ordem dos Engenheiros | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,079 | [
"Engineering societies"
] |
7,038,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination-activating%20gene | The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) encode parts of a protein complex that plays important roles in the rearrangement and recombination of the genes encoding immunoglobulin and T cell receptor molecules. There are two recombination-activating genes RAG1 and RAG2, whose cellular expression is restricted to lymphoc... | Recombination-activating gene | [
"Biology"
] | 2,254 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
7,039,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20metallurgy%20in%20China | Metallurgy in China has a long history, with the earliest metal objects in China dating back to around 3,000 BCE. The majority of early metal items found in China come from the North-Western Region (mainly Gansu and Qinghai, 青海). China was the earliest civilization to use the blast furnace and produce cast iron.
Coppe... | History of metallurgy in China | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,370 | [
"Metallurgy",
"History of metallurgy"
] |
7,039,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Prix%20de%20l%27urbanisme | The Grand prix de l'urbanisme is awarded for urban planning in France by the Ministry for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Planning. The prize has been awarded annually since 1989, except during the period from 1994 until 1998, when it was not awarded.
A book is published each year, detailing the work of t... | Grand Prix de l'urbanisme | [
"Engineering"
] | 94 | [
"Architecture stubs",
"Architecture"
] |
7,040,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource%20breakdown%20structure | In project management, the resource breakdown structure (RBS) is a hierarchical list of resources related by function and resource type that is used to facilitate planning and controlling of project work. The Resource Breakdown Structure includes, at a minimum, the personnel resources needed for successful completion ... | Resource breakdown structure | [
"Physics"
] | 656 | [
"Spacetime",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Schedule (project management)"
] |
7,040,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1026%20Ingrid | 1026 Ingrid, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid and long-lost minor planet (1923–1986) from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg in 1923, and later named after Ingrid, niece and godchild of astronomer Albrecht... | 1026 Ingrid | [
"Astronomy"
] | 762 | [
"Recovered astronomical objects",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
7,041,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigou%20Club | The Pigou Club is described by its creator, economist Gregory Mankiw, as a “group of economists and pundits with the good sense to have publicly advocated higher Pigouvian taxes, such as gasoline taxes or carbon taxes." A Pigouvian tax is a tax levied to correct the negative externalities (negative side-effects) of a m... | Pigou Club | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 229 | [
"Environmental economics",
"Environmental social science"
] |
7,041,409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiobolomycosis | Basidiobolomycosis is a fungal disease caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. It may appear as one or more painless firm nodules in the skin which becomes purplish with an edge that appears to be slowly growing outwards. A serious but less common type affects the stomach and intestine, which usually presents with abdominal pa... | Basidiobolomycosis | [
"Biology"
] | 728 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungal diseases"
] |
7,041,469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar | Biochar is charcoal, sometimes modified, that is intended for organic use, as in soil. It is the lightweight black remnants remaining after the pyrolysis of biomass, consisting of carbon and ashes; and is a form of charcoal. Despite its name, immediately following production biochar is sterile and only gains biological... | Biochar | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 4,845 | [
"Planetary engineering",
"Geoengineering",
"Environmental soil science"
] |
7,041,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPT-1327 | MPT 1327 is an industry standard for trunked radio communications networks.
First published in January 1988 by the British Radiocommunications Agency, and is primarily used in the United Kingdom, Europe, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and China. Many countries had their own version of numbering/user interface, i... | MPT-1327 | [
"Technology"
] | 1,870 | [
"Mobile telecommunications",
"Mobile telecommunications standards"
] |
7,041,824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20shapes%20with%20metaphorical%20names | Many shapes have metaphorical names, i.e., their names are metaphors: these shapes are named after a most common object that has it. For example, "U-shape" is a shape that resembles the letter U, a bell-shaped curve has the shape of the vertical cross section of a bell, etc. These terms may variously refer to objects, ... | Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,649 | [
"Geometric shapes",
"Mathematical objects",
"Geometric objects"
] |
7,041,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiobolus%20ranarum | Basidiobolus ranarum is a filamentous fungus with worldwide distribution. The fungus was first isolated by Eidam in 1886. It can saprophytically live in the intestines of mainly cold-blooded vertebrates and on decaying fruits and soil. The fungus prefers glucose as a carbon source and grows rapidly at room temperature.... | Basidiobolus ranarum | [
"Biology"
] | 2,506 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
7,042,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir%20Caldeira | Amir Ordacgi Caldeira (born 1950 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian physicist. He received his bachelor's degree in 1973 from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, his M.Sc. degree in 1976 from the same university, and his Ph.D. in 1980 from University of Sussex. His Ph.D. advisor was the Physics Nobel... | Amir Caldeira | [
"Physics"
] | 337 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists"
] |
7,043,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise%20master%20patient%20index | An enterprise master patient index or enterprise-wide master patient index (EMPI) is a patient database used by healthcare organizations to maintain accurate medical data across its various departments. Patients are assigned a unique identifier, so they are represented only once across all the organization's systems. P... | Enterprise master patient index | [
"Biology"
] | 951 | [
"Health informatics",
"Medical technology"
] |
7,043,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20inverse | In mathematics, and in particular, algebra, a generalized inverse (or, g-inverse) of an element x is an element y that has some properties of an inverse element but not necessarily all of them. The purpose of constructing a generalized inverse of a matrix is to obtain a matrix that can serve as an inverse in some sense... | Generalized inverse | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,379 | [
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Mathematical objects",
"nan"
] |
7,043,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestigial%20response | A vestigial response or vestigial reflex in a species is a response that has lost its original function. In humans, vestigial responses include ear perking, goose bumps and the hypnic jerk.
In humans
Ear perking
It has been observed that some people have slight protrusions on the outer ear (also known as the auricle... | Vestigial response | [
"Biology"
] | 580 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
7,043,646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20game%20theory | Quantum game theory is an extension of classical game theory to the quantum domain. It differs from classical game theory in three primary ways:
Superposed initial states,
Quantum entanglement of initial states,
Superposition of strategies to be used on the initial states.
This theory is based on the physics of inform... | Quantum game theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,077 | [
"Quantum game theory",
"Game theory"
] |
7,043,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideally%20hard%20superconductor | An ideally hard superconductor is a type II superconductor material with an infinite pinning force. In the external magnetic field it behaves like an ideal diamagnet if the field is switched on when the material is in the superconducting state, so-called "zero field cooled" (ZFC) regime. In the field cooled (FC) regime... | Ideally hard superconductor | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 191 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
7,044,083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20system%20of%20the%20International%20Space%20Station | The electrical system of the International Space Station is a critical part of the International Space Station (ISS) as it allows the operation of essential life-support systems, safe operation of the station, operation of science equipment, as well as improving crew comfort. The ISS electrical system uses solar cells ... | Electrical system of the International Space Station | [
"Physics"
] | 2,209 | [
"Physical systems",
"Electrical systems"
] |
7,044,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem%20of%20the%20cube | In mathematics, the theorem of the cube is a condition for a line bundle over a product of three complete varieties to be trivial. It was a principle discovered, in the context of linear equivalence, by the Italian school of algebraic geometry. The final version of the theorem of the cube was first published by , who c... | Theorem of the cube | [
"Mathematics"
] | 419 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Geometry",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
7,044,296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20water%20pitting%20of%20copper%20tube | Cold water pitting of copper tube occurs in only a minority of installations. Copper water tubes are usually guaranteed by the manufacturer against manufacturing defects for a period of 50 years. The vast majority of copper systems far exceed this time period but a small minority may fail after a comparatively short t... | Cold water pitting of copper tube | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,773 | [
"Hydrology",
"Metallurgy",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Water",
"Materials degradation"
] |
7,044,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20controller | A Terminal controller is a device that collects traffic from a set of terminals and directs them to a concentrator.
References
Telecommunications equipment | Terminal controller | [
"Technology"
] | 28 | [
"Computing stubs"
] |
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