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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
8,721,609	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%20Centauri	V Centauri (V Cen) is a Classical Cepheid variable, a type of variable star, in the constellation Centaurus. It is approximately 2,350 light-years (720 parsecs) away based on parallax. Alexander W. Roberts discovered this star in 1894, and from 267 visual observations he determined is period of variation. V Centauri v...	V Centauri	[ "Astronomy" ]	294	[ "Centaurus", "Constellations" ]
8,721,696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%20Centauri	The designations W Centauri and w Centauri refer to two different stars in the constellation Centaurus. W Centauri, the variable star designation for the faint Mira variable HD 103513 HD 110458, a red giant also known by its Latin-letter Bayer designation w Centauri See also ω Centauri Centaurus	W Centauri	[ "Astronomy" ]	71	[ "Centaurus", "Constellations" ]
8,721,698	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolvent%20set	In linear algebra and operator theory, the resolvent set of a linear operator is a set of complex numbers for which the operator is in some sense "well-behaved". The resolvent set plays an important role in the resolvent formalism. Definitions Let X be a Banach space and let be a linear operator with domain . Let ...	Resolvent set	[ "Mathematics" ]	307	[ "Linear algebra", "Algebra" ]
8,721,871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-sky%20preserve	A dark-sky preserve (DSP) is an area, usually surrounding a park or observatory, that restricts or reduces light pollution or maintains and protects naturally dark night skies. Different terms have been used to describe these areas as national organizations and governments have worked independently to create programs. ...	Dark-sky preserve	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,128	[ "Dark-sky preserves" ]
8,722,051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplacian%20smoothing	Laplacian smoothing is an algorithm to smooth a polygonal mesh. For each vertex in a mesh, a new position is chosen based on local information (such as the position of neighbours) and the vertex is moved there. In the case that a mesh is topologically a rectangular grid (that is, each internal vertex is connected to fo...	Laplacian smoothing	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	161	[ "Mesh generation", "Tessellation", "Geometry", "Geometry stubs", "Symmetry" ]
8,722,168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminology%20extraction	Terminology extraction (also known as term extraction, glossary extraction, term recognition, or terminology mining) is a subtask of information extraction. The goal of terminology extraction is to automatically extract relevant terms from a given corpus. In the semantic web era, a growing number of communities and ne...	Terminology extraction	[ "Technology" ]	466	[ "Computing terminology" ]
8,722,775	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic%20code	In coding theory, a systematic code is any error-correcting code in which the input data are embedded in the encoded output. Conversely, in a non-systematic code the output does not contain the input symbols. Systematic codes have the advantage that the parity data can simply be appended to the source block, and recei...	Systematic code	[ "Mathematics" ]	519	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Coding theory" ]
8,723,207	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokesian%20dynamics	Stokesian dynamics is a solution technique for the Langevin equation, which is the relevant form of Newton's 2nd law for a Brownian particle. The method treats the suspended particles in a discrete sense while the continuum approximation remains valid for the surrounding fluid, i.e., the suspended particles are general...	Stokesian dynamics	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	802	[ "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Civil engineering", "Statistical mechanics", "Fluid mechanics" ]
8,723,369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20architecture%20simulator	A computer architecture simulator is a program that simulates the execution of computer architecture. Computer architecture simulators are used for the following purposes: Lowering cost by evaluating hardware designs without building physical hardware systems. Enabling access to unobtainable hardware. Increasing th...	Computer architecture simulator	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	730	[ "Computers", "Computer engineering", "Computer architecture" ]
8,723,393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneiric%20%28film%20theory%29	In film theory, the term oneiric ( , adjective; "pertaining to dreams") refers to the depiction of dream-like states or to the use of the metaphor of a dream or the dream-state in the analysis of a film. The term comes from the Greek Óneiros, the personification of dreams. History Early film theorists such as Ricciott...	Oneiric (film theory)	[ "Biology" ]	1,113	[ "Dream", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
8,724,110	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20Independent%20Surveillance%20%E2%80%93%20Privacy	Automatic Independent Surveillance – Privacy (AIS-P) is a data packet protocol for the TailLight system of aircraft Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), wherein a single Mode S 64 microsecond message is transmitted by an aircraft ATCRBS or Mode S transponder, and received by aircraft and Air Traffic Control on th...	Automatic Independent Surveillance – Privacy	[ "Technology" ]	527	[ "Avionics", "Aircraft instruments" ]
8,724,310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Principles%20Psychology	Three Principles Psychology (TPP), previously known as Health Realization (HR), is a resiliency approach to personal and community psychology first developed in the 1980s by Roger C. Mills and George Pransky, who were influenced by the teachings of philosopher and author Sydney Banks. The approach first gained recognit...	Three Principles Psychology	[ "Biology" ]	7,125	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Psychology" ]
8,725,303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20high-definition%20optical%20disc%20formats	This article compares the technical specifications of multiple high-definition formats, including HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc; two mutually incompatible, high-definition optical disc formats that, beginning in 2006, attempted to improve upon and eventually replace the DVD standard. The two formats remained in a format war ...	Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats	[ "Technology" ]	2,392	[ "nan" ]
16,056,274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wmctrl	wmctrl is a command used to control windows in EWMH- and NetWM-compatible X Window window managers. Some of its common operations are list, resize, and close window. It also has the ability to interact with virtual desktops and give information about the window manager. wmctrl is a command-line program, however, it ...	Wmctrl	[ "Technology" ]	354	[ "Computing commands" ]
16,056,559	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christie%20G.%20Enke	Christie G. Enke is a United States academic chemist who made pioneering contributions to the field of analytical chemistry. Life and career Chris Enke was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on July 8, 1933. His parents were Alvin Enke and Mae Nichols. He graduated from Central High School in Minneapolis in 1951. He recei...	Christie G. Enke	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	874	[ "Biochemists", "Mass spectrometry", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Mass spectrometrists" ]
16,057,501	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway%20time	Railway time was the standardised time arrangement first applied by the Great Western Railway in England in November 1840, the first recorded occasion when different local mean times were synchronised and a single standard time applied. The key goals behind introducing railway time were to overcome the confusion cause...	Railway time	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	2,884	[ "Physical quantities", "Time", "Astronomical coordinate systems", "Spacetime", "Time scales" ]
16,057,614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACAM2000	ACAM2000 is a smallpox vaccine and an mpox vaccine manufactured by Emergent Biosolutions. It provides protection against smallpox for people determined to be at high risk for smallpox infection. ACAM2000 is a live replicating vaccinia virus vaccine. Medical uses ACAM2000 is indicated for active immunization against s...	ACAM2000	[ "Biology" ]	879	[ "Vaccination", "Vaccines" ]
16,058,302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAA%20Biplane	The EAA Biplane is a recreational aircraft that was designed by the Experimental Aircraft Association in the United States and marketed as plans for home-built aircraft. Design and development A preliminary design was produced for the EAA by a team of Allison engineers led by EAA member Jim D. Stewart in 1955. This ...	EAA Biplane	[ "Engineering" ]	512	[ "Experimental Aircraft Association", "Aerospace engineering organizations" ]
16,058,443	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20Resources%20Aotearoa	Energy Resources Aotearoa, formerly known as Petroleum Exploration and Production Association of New Zealand (PEPANZ) until March 2021, is an incorporated society based in Wellington which represents the wider energy resources sector, including the upstream oil and gas sector in New Zealand. They work with central and ...	Energy Resources Aotearoa	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	215	[ "Petroleum", "Petroleum organizations", "Energy organizations" ]
16,058,982	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrostreptomycin	Dihydrostreptomycin is a derivative of streptomycin that has a bactericidal properties. It is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It acts by irreversibly binding the S12 protein in the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, after being actively transported across the cell membran...	Dihydrostreptomycin	[ "Chemistry" ]	176	[ "Guanidines", "Functional groups" ]
16,059,132	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20C%2A-module	Hilbert C-modules are mathematical objects that generalise the notion of Hilbert spaces (which are themselves generalisations of Euclidean space), in that they endow a linear space with an "inner product" that takes values in a C-algebra. They were first introduced in the work of Irving Kaplansky in 1953, which ...	Hilbert C*-module	[ "Physics" ]	1,933	[ "Theoretical physics" ]
16,059,206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20by%20reduction%20formulae	In integral calculus, integration by reduction formulae is a method relying on recurrence relations. It is used when an expression containing an integer parameter, usually in the form of powers of elementary functions, or products of transcendental functions and polynomials of arbitrary degree, can't be integrated dire...	Integration by reduction formulae	[ "Mathematics" ]	688	[ "Integral calculus", "Calculus" ]
16,059,380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Clemmer	David E. Clemmer (February 23, 1965, Alamosa, Colorado) is an analytical chemist and the Distinguished Professor and Robert and Marjorie Mann Chair of Chemistry at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, where he leads the Clemmer Group. Clemmer develops new scientific instruments for ion mobility mass spectromet...	David E. Clemmer	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,682	[ "Biochemists", "Mass spectrometry", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Mass spectrometrists" ]
16,059,756	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20decision%20support	Automated Decision Support, or ADS, systems are rule-based systems that are able to automatically provide solutions to repetitive management problems. ADSs are very closely related to business informatics and business analytics. Automated decision support systems are based on business rules. These business rules can b...	Automated decision support	[ "Technology" ]	488	[ "Information systems", "Decision support systems" ]
16,061,714	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophin	Catastrophin (Catastrophe-related protein) is a term use to describe proteins that are associated with the disassembly of microtubules. Catastrophins affect microtubule shortening, a process known as microtubule catastrophe. Microtubule dynamics Microtubules are polymers of tubulin subunits arranged in cylindrical tu...	Catastrophin	[ "Chemistry" ]	705	[ "Molecular machines", "Motor proteins" ]
16,061,824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FamilySearch%20Indexing	FamilySearch Indexing is a volunteer project established and run by FamilySearch, a genealogy organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The project aims to create searchable digital indexes of scanned images of historical documents that are relevant to genealogy. The documents include census rec...	FamilySearch Indexing	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	607	[ "Information systems", "Human-based computation", "Distributed computing projects", "Information technology projects" ]
16,063,197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20ruffling	Within molecular and cell biology membrane ruffling (also known as cell ruffling) is the formation of a motile cell surface that contains a meshwork of newly polymerized actin filaments. It can also be regarded as one of the earliest structural changes observed in the cell. The GTP-binding protein Rac is the regulator ...	Membrane ruffling	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	342	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry", "Cell biology" ]
16,063,325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20B.%20Armentrout	Peter B. Armentrout (born 1953) is a researcher in thermochemistry, kinetics, and dynamics of simple and complex chemical reactions. He is a Chemistry Professor at the University of Utah. Career Armentrout received his B.S. degree from Case Western Reserve University in 1975 and earned his Ph.D. from the California I...	Peter B. Armentrout	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	296	[ "Biochemists", "Mass spectrometry", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Mass spectrometrists" ]
16,063,680	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Performa%20Plus%20Display	The Apple Performa Plus Display is a color 14″, 13″ viewable shadow mask CRT that was manufactured by Apple Inc. from September 14, 1992, until July 18, 1994. The video cable uses a standard Macintosh DA-15 video connector and its resolution is fixed at 640×480 pixels. References EveryMac.com Apple Inc. displays	Apple Performa Plus Display	[ "Technology" ]	74	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer hardware stubs" ]
16,063,686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirkle%27s%20alcohol	Pirkle's alcohol is an off-white, crystalline solid that is stable at room temperature when protected from light and oxygen. This chiral molecule is typically used, in nonracemic form, as a chiral shift reagent in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in order to simultaneously determine absolute configuration and e...	Pirkle's alcohol	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	592	[ "Spacetime", "Stereochemistry", "Space", "nan" ]
16,064,549	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary%20Peppermint	Cary Peppermint (born 1970) is a New York-based conceptual, new media, performance, and environmental artist. Peppermint was born in Rome, Georgia, in 1970 and received in M.F.A. from Syracuse University in 1997. Peppermint has conducted a series of Dadaist and Fluxus inspired digital, networked performances via his we...	Cary Peppermint	[ "Technology" ]	538	[ "Multimedia", "Net.artists" ]
16,065,051	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20125072	HD 125072 is a star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is a challenge to view with the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 6.637. The star is located at a distance of 38.6 light years from the Sun based on parallax. It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −14.9 km/s. The components of ...	HD 125072	[ "Astronomy" ]	254	[ "Centaurus", "Constellations" ]
16,065,330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudin	Pseudin is a peptide derived from Pseudis paradoxa. Pseudins have some antimicrobial function. There are several different forms: pseudin-1 pseudin-2 -- has been proposed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. pseudin-4 Pseudin-2 Pseudin-2 is the most abundant version of the pseudins found on the skin of the paradox...	Pseudin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	423	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Peptides" ]
16,065,341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR%203384	HR 3384 (11 G. Pyxidis) is solitary star in the southern constellation of Pyxis. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.38, indicating it is faintly visible to the naked eye. Based on the Bortle scale, the star can be viewed from dark rural skies. Astrometric measurements of the star by the Hipparcos spacecraft, give an est...	HR 3384	[ "Astronomy" ]	323	[ "Pyxis", "Constellations" ]
16,065,393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20nanotechnology	Green nanotechnology refers to the use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental sustainability of processes producing negative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability. It includes making green nano-products and using nano-products in support of sustain...	Green nanotechnology	[ "Materials_science" ]	4,262	[ "Nanotechnology", "Nanotechnology and the environment" ]
16,065,426	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roe%20solver	The Roe approximate Riemann solver, devised by Phil Roe, is an approximate Riemann solver based on the Godunov scheme and involves finding an estimate for the intercell numerical flux or Godunov flux at the interface between two computational cells and , on some discretised space-time computational domain. Roe schem...	Roe solver	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	309	[ "Conservation laws", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Conservation equations", "Symmetry", "Physics theorems" ]
3,027,889	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotronics%20Wafadrive	The Rotronics Wafadrive is a magnetic tape storage peripheral launched in late 1984 for the ZX Spectrum home computer. Each tape is a continuous loop, unlike cassette tape. It was intended to compete with Sinclair's ZX Interface 1 and ZX Microdrive. The Wafadrive comprises two continuous loop stringy floppy tape drive...	Rotronics Wafadrive	[ "Technology" ]	346	[ "Computer storage devices", "Computing stubs", "Recording devices", "Computer hardware stubs" ]
3,028,137	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanshawe%20College%27s%20Music%20Industry%20Arts%20program	The Music Industry Arts Program at Fanshawe College trains students for careers in the contemporary music industry. It was started in 1970 as Creative Electronics by former Radio Caroline DJ Tom Lodge, but when the college demanded that Creative Electronics become a career program, Lodge had the students build a record...	Fanshawe College's Music Industry Arts program	[ "Engineering" ]	718	[ "Audio engineering", "Audio engineering schools" ]
3,028,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%E2%80%93Witt%20matrix	In mathematics, the Hasse–Witt matrix H of a non-singular algebraic curve C over a finite field F is the matrix of the Frobenius mapping (p-th power mapping where F has q elements, q a power of the prime number p) with respect to a basis for the differentials of the first kind. It is a g × g matrix where C has genus g...	Hasse–Witt matrix	[ "Mathematics" ]	963	[ "Matrices (mathematics)", "Mathematical objects" ]
3,028,232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographical%20code	In medicine, "topographical codes" (or "topography codes") are codes that indicate a specific location in the body. Examples Only the first of these is a system dedicated only to topography. The others are more generalized systems that contain topographic axes. Nomina Anatomica (updated to Terminologia Anatomica) I...	Topographical code	[ "Biology" ]	90	[ "Anatomy" ]
3,028,413	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%20invariant%20of%20a%20quadratic%20form	In mathematics, the Hasse invariant (or Hasse–Witt invariant) of a quadratic form Q over a field K takes values in the Brauer group Br(K). The name "Hasse–Witt" comes from Helmut Hasse and Ernst Witt. The quadratic form Q may be taken as a diagonal form Σ aixi2. Its invariant is then defined as the product of the ...	Hasse invariant of a quadratic form	[ "Mathematics" ]	293	[ "Quadratic forms", "Number theory" ]
3,028,468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylolpropane%20triacrylate	Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is a trifunctional acrylate ester monomer derived from trimethylolpropane, used in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives, acrylic glue, anaerobic sealants, and ink. It is useful for its low volatility and fast cure response. It has the properties of weather, chemical and water r...	Trimethylolpropane triacrylate	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	297	[ "Monomers", "Polymer chemistry" ]
3,028,544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Seuss%27s%20Sleep%20Book	Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book, also known as The Sleep Book, is an American children's book written by Dr. Seuss in 1962. The story centers on the activity of sleep as readers follow the journey of many different characters preparing to slip into a deep slumber. This book documents the different sleeping activities that some ...	Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book	[ "Biology" ]	991	[ "Behavior", "Sleep in fiction", "Sleep" ]
3,028,786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drafted%20masonry	Drafted masonry, in architecture, is the term given to large stones, the face of which has been dressed round the edge in a draft or sunken surface, leaving the centre portion as it came from the quarry. The dressing is worked with an adze of eight teeth to the inch, used in a vertical direction and to a width of two ...	Drafted masonry	[ "Engineering" ]	230	[ "Construction", "Masonry" ]
3,029,260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enriques%E2%80%93Kodaira%20classification	In mathematics, the Enriques–Kodaira classification groups compact complex surfaces into ten classes, each parametrized by a moduli space. For most of the classes the moduli spaces are well understood, but for the class of surfaces of general type the moduli spaces seem too complicated to describe explicitly, though so...	Enriques–Kodaira classification	[ "Mathematics" ]	4,140	[ "nan" ]
3,029,823	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groatland	A groatland, also known as a fourpenceland, fourpennyland or “Còta bàn” (meaning "white coat") was a Scottish land measurement. It was so called, because the annual rent paid on it was a Scottish “groat” (coin). See also Obsolete Scottish units of measurement In the East Highlands: Rood Scottish acre = 4 roods O...	Groatland	[ "Mathematics" ]	225	[ "Quantity", "Units of area", "Units of measurement" ]
3,029,829	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-interleaved%20Reed%E2%80%93Solomon%20coding	In the compact disc system, cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon code (CIRC) provides error detection and error correction. CIRC adds to every three data bytes one redundant parity byte. Overview Reed–Solomon codes are specifically useful in combating mixtures of random and burst errors. CIRC corrects error bursts up to 400...	Cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding	[ "Engineering" ]	337	[ "Error detection and correction", "Reliability engineering" ]
3,029,842	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarterland	A Quarterland or Ceathramh (Scottish Gaelic) was a Scottish land measurement. It was used mainly in the west and north. It was supposed to be equivalent to eight fourpennylands, roughly equivalent to a quarter of a markland. However, in Islay, a quarterland was equivalent to a quarter of an ounceland. Half of a quarte...	Quarterland	[ "Mathematics" ]	507	[ "Quantity", "Units of area", "Units of measurement" ]
3,029,998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMurry%20reaction	The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to form an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent. The reaction is named after its co-discoverer, John E. McMurry. The McMurry reaction originally involved the use of a m...	McMurry reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	724	[ "Olefination reactions", "Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions", "Coupling reactions", "Organic reactions", "Name reactions" ]
3,030,001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamantanone	Adamantanone is the ketone of adamantane. A white solid, it is prepared by oxidation of adamantane. It is a precursor to several adamantane derivatives. Adamantanone and some related polycyclic ketones, are reluctant to form enolates. This barrier arises because the resulting carbanion cannot exist in conjugation wi...	Adamantanone	[ "Chemistry" ]	86	[ "Ketones", "Functional groups" ]
3,030,168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C3%2C2%2C4-Dithiadiphosphetane%202%2C4-disulfides	1,3,2,4-Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides are a class of organophosphorus, four-membered ring compounds which contain a ring. Many of these compounds are able to act as sources of the dithiophosphine ylides; the most well known example is Lawesson's reagent. Other examples of this class of compound have been made; ...	1,3,2,4-Dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,700	[ "Organophosphorus compounds", "Organic compounds", "Functional groups" ]
3,030,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge-based%20engineering	Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is the application of knowledge-based systems technology to the domain of manufacturing design and production. The design process is inherently a knowledge-intensive activity, so a great deal of the emphasis for KBE is on the use of knowledge-based technology to support computer-aided ...	Knowledge-based engineering	[ "Engineering" ]	2,676	[ "Computer-aided design", "Design engineering", "Systems engineering", "Knowledge engineering" ]
3,031,317	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q0906%2B6930	Q0906+6930 was the most distant known blazar (redshift 5.47 / 12.2 billion light years) at the time of its discovery in July, 2004. The engine of the blazar is a supermassive black hole (SMBH) approximately 2 billion times the mass of the Sun (the mass of the Milky Way Galaxy is around 1.5 trillion solar masses). The e...	Q0906+6930	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	339	[ "Black holes", "Galaxy stubs", "Ursa Major", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Supermassive black holes", "Astronomy stubs", "Constellations" ]
3,031,477	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb%E2%80%93Ramond%20field	In theoretical physics in general and string theory in particular, the Kalb–Ramond field (named after Michael Kalb and Pierre Ramond), also known as the Kalb–Ramond B-field or Kalb–Ramond NS–NS B-field, is a quantum field that transforms as a two-form, i.e., an antisymmetric tensor field with two indices. The adjectiv...	Kalb–Ramond field	[ "Astronomy" ]	369	[ "String theory", "Astronomical hypotheses" ]
3,031,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldberger%E2%80%93Wise%20mechanism	In particle physics, the Goldberger–Wise mechanism is a popular mechanism that determines the size of the fifth dimension in Randall–Sundrum models. The mechanism uses a scalar field that propagates throughout the five-dimensional bulk. On each of the branes that end the fifth dimension (frequently referred to as the...	Goldberger–Wise mechanism	[ "Physics" ]	175	[ "Particle physics stubs", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Particle physics", "Physics beyond the Standard Model" ]
3,031,585	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20sphere	In mathematics, the fuzzy sphere is one of the simplest and most canonical examples of non-commutative geometry. Ordinarily, the functions defined on a sphere form a commuting algebra. A fuzzy sphere differs from an ordinary sphere because the algebra of functions on it is not commutative. It is generated by spherical ...	Fuzzy sphere	[ "Physics" ]	483	[ "Mathematical quantization", "Quantum mechanics" ]
3,031,620	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohlraum	In radiation thermodynamics, a hohlraum (; a non-specific German word for a "hollow space", "empty room", or "cavity") is a cavity whose walls are in radiative equilibrium with the radiant energy within the cavity. First proposed by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 and used in the study of black-body radiation (hohlraumstrahl...	Hohlraum	[ "Physics" ]	1,038	[ "Electromagnetic radiation", "Physical phenomena", "Radiation", "nan" ]
3,031,660	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INT%2013H	INT 13h is shorthand for BIOS interrupt call 13hex, the 20th interrupt vector in an x86-based (IBM PC-descended) computer system. The BIOS typically sets up a real mode interrupt handler at this vector that provides sector-based hard disk and floppy disk read and write services using cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressi...	INT 13H	[ "Technology" ]	2,590	[ "Interrupts", "Events (computing)" ]
3,031,874	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MW%20DX	MW DX, short for mediumwave DXing, is the hobby of receiving distant mediumwave (also known as AM) radio stations. MW DX is similar to TV and FM DX in that broadcast band (BCB) stations are the reception targets. However, the nature of the lower frequencies (530 – 1710 kHz) used by mediumwave radio stations is very muc...	MW DX	[ "Physics" ]	2,131	[ "Physical phenomena", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Radio frequency propagation", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Waves" ]
3,031,996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine%20fault	A wine fault is a sensory-associated (organoleptic) characteristic of a wine that is unpleasant, and may include elements of taste, smell, or appearance, elements that may arise from a "chemical or a microbial origin", where particular sensory experiences (e.g., an off-odor) might arise from more than one wine fault. W...	Wine fault	[ "Chemistry" ]	4,661	[ "Wine chemistry", "Alcohol chemistry" ]
3,032,011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-loading%20rifle	A self-loading rifle or auto-loading rifle is a rifle with an action using a portion of the energy of each cartridge fired to load another cartridge. Self-loading pistols are similar, but intended to be held and fired by a single hand, while rifles are designed to be held with both hands and fired from the shoulder. E...	Self-loading rifle	[ "Technology" ]	412	[ "Firearm components", "Components" ]
3,032,068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayluu-Suu	Mayluu-Suu (, Mayli-Say) is a mining town in the Jalal-Abad Region of southern Kyrgyzstan. It is a city of regional significance, not part of a district. Its area is , and its resident population was 25,892 in 2021. It has been economically depressed since the fall of the Soviet Union. From 1946 to 1968 the Zapadnyi M...	Mayluu-Suu	[ "Chemistry", "Technology" ]	412	[ "Radioactively contaminated areas", "Soil contamination", "Radioactive contamination" ]
3,032,314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20camera	The history of the camera began even before the introduction of photography. Cameras evolved from the camera obscura through many generations of photographic technologydaguerreotypes, calotypes, dry plates, filmto the modern day with digital cameras and camera phones. Camera obscura (pre-17th century) The camera obsc...	History of the camera	[ "Technology" ]	7,369	[ "History of technology", "Science and technology studies", "Cameras", "Recording devices", "History of science and technology" ]
3,032,321	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/525%20Adelaide	525 Adelaide is an S-type asteroid belonging to the Flora family in the Main Belt. It was discovered 21 October 1908 by Joel Hastings Metcalf. Previously, the object A904 EB, discovered 14 March 1904 by Max Wolf, had been named 525 Adelaide but was subsequently lost. When it was rediscovered 3 October 1930 by Sylvain ...	525 Adelaide	[ "Astronomy" ]	229	[ "Recovered astronomical objects", "Astronomical objects" ]
3,032,383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon%20clip	A moon clip is a ring-shaped or star-shaped piece of metal designed to hold multiple cartridges together as a unit, for simultaneous insertion and extraction from a revolver cylinder. Moon clips may either hold an entire cylinder's worth of cartridges together (full moon clip), half a cylinder (half moon clip), or just...	Moon clip	[ "Technology" ]	1,003	[ "Firearm components", "Components" ]
3,032,460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash%20photolysis	Flash photolysis is a pump-probe laboratory technique, in which a sample is first excited by a strong pulse of light from a pulsed laser of nanosecond, picosecond, or femtosecond pulse width or by another short-pulse light source such as a flash lamp. This first strong pulse is called the pump pulse and starts a chemic...	Flash photolysis	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	345	[ "Chemical reaction engineering", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Time-resolved spectroscopy", "nan", "Chemical kinetics", "Spectroscopy" ]
5,531,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapropel	Sapropel (a contraction of Ancient Greek words sapros and pelos, meaning putrefaction and mud (or clay), respectively) is a term used in marine geology to describe dark-coloured sediments that are rich in organic matter. Organic carbon concentrations in sapropels commonly exceed 2 wt.% in weight. The term sapropel eve...	Sapropel	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,263	[ "nan" ]
5,531,434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation-dependent%20species	A conservation-dependent species is a species which has been categorized as "Conservation Dependent" ("LR/cd") by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as dependent on conservation efforts to prevent it from becoming endangered. A species that is reliant on the conservation attempts of humans is co...	Conservation-dependent species	[ "Biology" ]	1,236	[ "Conservation dependent species", "Biota by conservation status" ]
5,532,216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limes%20Saxoniae	The (Latin for "Limit of Saxony"), also known as the Limes Saxonicus or Sachsenwall ("Saxon Dyke"), was an unfortified limes or border between the Saxons and the Slavic Obotrites, established about 810 in present-day Schleswig-Holstein. After Charlemagne had removed Saxons from some of their lands and given it to th...	Limes Saxoniae	[ "Physics" ]	558	[ "Spacetime", "Borders", "Space" ]
5,532,341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavodoxin	Flavodoxins (Fld) are small, soluble electron-transfer proteins. Flavodoxins contains flavin mononucleotide as prosthetic group. The structure of flavodoxin is characterized by a five-stranded parallel beta sheet, surrounded by five alpha helices. They have been isolated from prokaryotes, cyanobacteria, and some eukary...	Flavodoxin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	820	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Prokaryotes", "Bacteria", "Molecular biology", "Proteins", "Microorganisms" ]
5,532,455	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive%20design	Interactive design is a user-oriented field of study that focuses on meaningful communication using media to create products through cyclical and collaborative processes between people and technology. Successful interactive designs have simple, clearly defined goals, a strong purpose and intuitive screen interface. In...	Interactive design	[ "Engineering" ]	1,940	[ "Design", "Software design" ]
5,532,622	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty%20acid%20transport%20proteins	Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs, SLC27, SLC27A) are a family of trans-membrane transport proteins, which allow and enhance the uptake of long chain fatty acids into cells. This subfamily is part of the solute carrier protein family. Within humans this family contains six very homologous proteins, which are express...	Fatty acid transport proteins	[ "Biology" ]	196	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
5,532,777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysins	Neurophysins are carrier proteins which transport the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin to the posterior pituitary from the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, respectively. Inside the neurosecretory granules, the analogous neurophysin I and II form stabilizing complexes via covalent interaction...	Neurophysins	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	587	[ "Membrane biology", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
5,532,813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEGIS%20SecureConnect	AEGIS SecureConnect (or simply AEGIS) is the former name of a network authentication system used in IEEE 802.1X networks. It was developed by Meetinghouse Data Communications, Inc.; the system was renamed "Cisco Secure Services Client" when Meetinghouse was acquired by Cisco Systems. The AEGIS Protocol is an 802.1X sup...	AEGIS SecureConnect	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	157	[ "Cybersecurity engineering", "Computer network stubs", "Computer networks engineering", "Computer network security", "Computing stubs" ]
5,532,906	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional%20stability	Directional stability is stability of a moving body or vehicle about an axis which is perpendicular to its direction of motion. Stability of a vehicle concerns itself with the tendency of a vehicle to return to its original direction in relation to the oncoming medium (water, air, road surface, etc.) when disturbed (r...	Directional stability	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,894	[ "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
5,532,987	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCAAT-enhancer-binding%20proteins	CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (or C/EBPs) is a family of transcription factors composed of six members, named from C/EBPα to C/EBPζ. They promote the expression of certain genes through interaction with their promoters. Once bound to DNA, C/EBPs can recruit so-called co-activators (such as CBP) that in turn can open...	CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,853	[ "Gene expression", "Signal transduction", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Induced stem cells", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Transcription factors" ]
5,533,026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon%20regulatory%20factors	Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids, which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is...	Interferon regulatory factors	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	967	[ "Transcription factors", "Gene expression", "Protein classification", "Signal transduction", "Protein families", "Induced stem cells" ]
5,533,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-selectin	E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a selectin cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. Like other selectins, it plays an importan...	E-selectin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,866	[ "Transmembrane receptors", "Biomarkers", "Signal transduction", "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology" ]
5,533,592	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholl%20reaction	The Scholl reaction is a coupling reaction between two arene compounds with the aid of a Lewis acid and a protic acid. It is named after its discoverer, Roland Scholl, a Swiss chemist. In 1910 Scholl reported the synthesis of a quinone and of perylene from naphthalene both with aluminum chloride. Perylene was also sy...	Scholl reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	643	[ "Coupling reactions", "Name reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
5,533,690	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infosphere	Infosphere is a metaphysical realm of information, data, knowledge, and communication, populated by informational entities called inforgs (or, informational organisms). Infosphere is portmanteau of information and -sphere. Though one example is cyberspace, infospheres are not limited to purely online environments; the...	Infosphere	[ "Technology" ]	1,204	[ "Computing and society", "Information society", "Ethics of science and technology" ]
5,533,997	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FX8010	The FX8010, is a DSP architecture, designed for realtime audio effects, designed by E-mu, around their E-mu 10K1 chip. One key feature of the architecture, is not providing any branching instructions, but rather running the whole program in a sample locked constant loop, i.e. a constant number of instructions is execut...	FX8010	[ "Technology" ]	118	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer hardware stubs" ]
5,534,001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching%20pursuit	Matching pursuit (MP) is a sparse approximation algorithm which finds the "best matching" projections of multidimensional data onto the span of an over-complete (i.e., redundant) dictionary . The basic idea is to approximately represent a signal from Hilbert space as a weighted sum of finitely many functions (called...	Matching pursuit	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,171	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing" ]
5,534,071	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whangee	Whangee ( ) refers to any of over forty Asian grasses of the genus Phyllostachys, a genus of bamboos. They are a hardy evergreen plant from Japan, China, and the Himalayas whose woody stems are sometimes used to make canes and umbrella handles. The word derives from the Chinese (Mandarin) huáng lí. It can also refer t...	Whangee	[ "Biology" ]	387	[ "Plants", "Plant common names", "Common names of organisms" ]
5,534,333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s%20principle%20of%20least%20constraint	The principle of least constraint is one variational formulation of classical mechanics enunciated by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1829, equivalent to all other formulations of analytical mechanics. Intuitively, it says that the acceleration of a constrained physical system will be as similar as possible to that of the corr...	Gauss's principle of least constraint	[ "Physics" ]	763	[ "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics" ]
5,534,425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse%20mass	The transverse mass is a useful quantity to define for use in particle physics as it is invariant under Lorentz boost along the z direction. In natural units, it is: where the z-direction is along the beam pipe and so and are the momentum perpendicular to the beam pipe and is the (invariant) mass. This definition ...	Transverse mass	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	446	[ "Machines", "Kinematics", "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics", "Physical systems", "Special relativity", "Motion (physics)", "Mechanics", "Particle physics", "Theory of relativity", "Particle physics stubs" ]
5,534,434	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrate%20reductase	Nitrate reductases are molybdoenzymes that reduce nitrate () to nitrite (). This reaction is critical for the production of protein in most crop plants, as nitrate is the predominant source of nitrogen in fertilized soils. Types Eukaryotic Eukaryotic nitrate reductases are part of the sulfite oxidase family of molyb...	Nitrate reductase	[ "Biology" ]	1,310	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
5,534,542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kush%20%28cannabis%29	Kush generally refers to a pure or hybrid Cannabis indica strain. Pure C. indica strains include Afghan Kush, Hindu Kush, Green Kush, and Purple Kush. Hybrid strains of C. indica include Blueberry Kush and Golden Jamaican Kush. The term "kush" is now also used as a slang word for cannabis. The origins of Kush Cannabi...	Kush (cannabis)	[ "Biology" ]	173	[ "Cannabis strains", "Biopiracy" ]
5,534,558	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20for%20assembly	Design for assembly (DFA) is a process by which products are designed with ease of assembly in mind. If a product contains fewer parts it will take less time to assemble, thereby reducing assembly costs. In addition, if the parts are provided with features which make it easier to grasp, move, orient and insert them, th...	Design for assembly	[ "Engineering" ]	1,043	[ "Design", "Design for X" ]
5,534,701	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20power%20by%20country	Nuclear power plants operate in 32 countries and generate about a tenth of the world's electricity. Most are in Europe, North America and East Asia. The United States is the largest producer of nuclear power, while France has the largest share of electricity generated by nuclear power, at about 70%. Some countries op...	Nuclear power by country	[ "Physics" ]	539	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
5,534,844	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20strategy	In game theory, a Markov strategy is one that depends only on state variables that summarize the history of the game in one way or another. For instance, a state variable can be the current play in a repeated game, or it can be any interpretation of a recent sequence of play. A profile of Markov strategies is a Markov...	Markov strategy	[ "Mathematics" ]	101	[ "Game theory", "Strategy (game theory)" ]
5,535,220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Hagen	Hans Hagen (born 1953) is a professor of computer science at the University of Kaiserslautern. His main research interests are scientific visualization and geometric modelling. From 1999 to 2003 he was the editor in chief of IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. He got the John Gregory Memorial Aw...	Hans Hagen	[ "Technology" ]	143	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer specialist stubs" ]
5,535,224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weigh%20lock	A weigh lock is a specialized canal lock designed to determine the weight of barges in order to assess toll payments based upon the weight and value of the cargo carried. This requires that the unladen weight of the barge be known. A barge to be weighed was brought into a supporting cradle connected by levers to a wei...	Weigh lock	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	189	[ "Weighing instruments", "Mass", "Matter", "Measuring instruments" ]
5,535,702	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Carpenter%20%28artist%29	Ed Carpenter (born 1946) is an artist specializing in large-scale public sculptures made of glass. His work can be found in conference centers, libraries, and airports. Early life and education Carpenter studied architecture at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he studied with Dale Chihuly. He attended the Uni...	Ed Carpenter (artist)	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	404	[ "Glass architecture", "Glass engineering and science" ]
5,535,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20G.%20Colling	Richard G. Colling is a former professor of biology and chairman of the biological sciences department at Olivet Nazarene University in Bourbonnais, Illinois, who was barred from teaching general biology after writing a book that attempts to reconcile Christian belief with a scientific understanding of evolution. Ed...	Richard G. Colling	[ "Biology" ]	602	[ "Non-Darwinian evolution", "Theistic evolutionists", "Biology theories" ]
5,535,955	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Jones%20%28interaction%20designer%29	Matt Jones is the co-author - with Gary Marsden - of Mobile Interaction Design ( ) and a full research Professor at Swansea University. With the late Marsden and Simon Robinson he authored a new book in 2015 - There's Not an App for That (Morgan Kaufmann). He is an active researcher and has organized large scale of sci...	Matt Jones (interaction designer)	[ "Technology" ]	399	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer specialist stubs" ]
5,535,962	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut%20f%C3%BCr%20Nukleare%20Entsorgung	The Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (English: Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal) is a large German research center at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology where R&D in the field of safe disposal of nuclear waste is being provided. It is located east of Linkenheim-Hochstetten. External links Homepage Nuclear researc...	Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung	[ "Engineering" ]	74	[ "Nuclear research institutes", "Nuclear organizations" ]
5,536,187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topopolis	A topopolis is a proposed tube-shaped space habitat, rotating to produce artificial gravity via centrifugal force on the inner surface, which is extended into a loop around the local planet or star. The concept was invented by writer Patrick Gunkel. Varieties of topopolises and similar fictional structures A topopolis...	Topopolis	[ "Technology" ]	334	[ "Exploratory engineering", "Megastructures" ]
5,536,298	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93air%20barrier	The blood–air barrier or air–blood barrier, (alveolar–capillary barrier or membrane) exists in the gas exchanging region of the lungs. It exists to prevent air bubbles from forming in the blood, and from blood entering the alveoli. It is formed by the type I pneumocytes of the alveolar wall, the endothelial cells of th...	Blood–air barrier	[ "Biology" ]	309	[ "Organ systems", "Respiratory system" ]
5,536,529	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED%20circuit	In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED). The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the LED at the required brightness, but must limit the current to prevent damaging the LED. The voltage drop across a lit LED is approximately constant o...	LED circuit	[ "Engineering" ]	2,531	[ "Analog circuits", "Electronic engineering" ]
5,536,595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20and%20enumerative%20statistical%20studies	Analytic and enumerative statistical studies are two types of scientific studies: In any statistical study the ultimate aim is to provide a rational basis for action. Enumerative and analytic studies differ by where the action is taken. Deming first published on this topic in 1942. Deming summarized the distinction be...	Analytic and enumerative statistical studies	[ "Mathematics" ]	439	[ "Philosophy of statistics" ]

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