id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
46,193,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium%20hypomycetis | Penicillium hypomycetis is a species of the genus of Penicillium.
References
hypomycetis
Fungi described in 1886
Fungus species | Penicillium hypomycetis | [
"Biology"
] | 35 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
46,193,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine%20barrier | The Russia–Ukraine barrier, also known as the Ukrainian Wall or the European Wall (), and officially called "Project Wall" () in Ukraine, is a fortified border barrier built on the Ukrainian side of the Russia–Ukraine border. Early construction began following the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, as the Ukr... | Russia–Ukraine barrier | [
"Engineering"
] | 906 | [
"Border barriers",
"Separation barriers",
"Fortification lines",
"nan"
] |
46,194,161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NodeMCU | NodeMCU is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially included firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which was based on the ESP-12 module. Later, support for the ESP32 32-bit MCU was added.
Overview
NodeMCU is an open source firmware for which open source prototyping... | NodeMCU | [
"Engineering"
] | 983 | [
"Robotics hardware",
"Robotics engineering"
] |
46,195,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C30H41NO6S | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C30H41NO6S}}
The molecular formula C30H41NO6S (molar mass: 543.25 g/mol) may refer to:
Radalbuvir
Sagopilone | C30H41NO6S | [
"Chemistry"
] | 53 | [
"Isomerism",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas"
] |
46,197,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmberg%2015A | Holmberg 15A (abbreviated to Holm 15A) is a supergiant elliptical galaxy and the central dominant galaxy of the Abell 85 galaxy cluster in the constellation Cetus, about 700 million light-years from Earth. It was discovered by Erik Holmberg. It became well known when it was reported to have the largest core ever obser... | Holmberg 15A | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 424 | [
"Black holes",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Supermassive black holes",
"Constellations",
"Cetus"
] |
46,198,562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression%20%28architecture%29 | Expression (Lat. expressio) in architecture implies a clear and authentic displaying of the character or personality of an individual (architect). The expression is often identified with the architectural movement of Expressionism, whose main starting point and aim is to present and express what has been "seen" or expe... | Expression (architecture) | [
"Engineering"
] | 385 | [
"Construction",
"Architecture"
] |
46,199,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Kratochv%C3%ADl | Jan Kratochvíl (born 10 February 1959) is a Czech mathematician and computer scientist whose research concerns graph theory and intersection graphs.
Kratochvíl was born on 10 February 1959 in Prague. He studied at Charles University in Prague, earning a master's degree in 1983 and a Ph.D. in 1987; his dissertation, su... | Jan Kratochvíl | [
"Mathematics"
] | 264 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory",
"Graph theorists"
] |
50,157,768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condyle%20of%20humerus | The condyle of humerus is the distal end of the humerus. It is made up of the capitulum and the trochlea.
References
Anatomy | Condyle of humerus | [
"Biology"
] | 35 | [
"Anatomy"
] |
50,160,286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%2C%20Sex%20and%20Money | Death, Sex and Money is an interview-style podcast hosted by Anna Sale that discusses the big questions "often left out of polite conversation." The podcast launched at WNYC Studios in May 2014 and is currently produced by Slate. It covers the topics of finance, grief, love, and relationships, featuring celebrities and... | Death, Sex and Money | [
"Biology"
] | 638 | [
"Behavior",
"Works about interpersonal relationships",
"Works about behavior"
] |
50,161,687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20Ensemble%20of%20Temperament | Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) is a neurochemical model suggesting specific functional roles of main neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of behaviour.
Earlier theories
Medications can adjust the release of brain neurotransmitters in cases of depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia and other mental... | Functional Ensemble of Temperament | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,017 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Human behavior",
"Neurochemistry",
"Behavior"
] |
50,162,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternionic%20polytope | In geometry, a quaternionic polytope is a generalization of a polytope in real space to an analogous structure in a quaternionic module, where each real dimension is accompanied by three imaginary ones. Similarly to complex polytopes, points are not ordered and there is no sense of "between", and thus a quaternionic po... | Quaternionic polytope | [
"Mathematics"
] | 287 | [
"Geometry",
"Geometry stubs"
] |
50,162,947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB8%20%28star%29 | AB8, also known as SMC WR8, is a binary star in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). A Wolf-Rayet star and a main sequence companion of spectral type O orbit in a period of 16.638 days. It is one of only nine known WO stars, the only Wolf-Rayet star in the SMC not on the nitrogen sequence, and the only Wolf-Rayet star i... | AB8 (star) | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,882 | [
"Hydrus",
"Constellations"
] |
50,165,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKX%202-9 | Nkx 2.9 is a transcription factor responsible for the formation of the branchial and visceral motor neuron subtypes of cranial motor nerves in vertebrates. Nkx 2.9 works together with another transcription factor, Nkx 2.2, to direct neural progenitor cells to their cell fate.
Gene defects
Cell lineage analysis of Nkx... | NKX 2-9 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 267 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
50,165,151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient%20receptor%20potential%20calcium%20channel%20family | The transient receptor potential Ca2+ channel (TRP-CC) family (TC# 1.A.4) is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily and consists of cation channels conserved from worms to humans. The TRP-CC family also consists of seven subfamilies (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPN, TRPA, TRPP, and TRPML) based on their ami... | Transient receptor potential calcium channel family | [
"Biology"
] | 1,551 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification",
"Membrane proteins"
] |
50,165,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%2C%20Technology%20and%20Society | Science, Technology & Society is a peer-reviewed journal. It provides a forum for discussion on how the advances in science and technology influence society and vice versa. It is published three times a year by SAGE Publications.
Science Technology & Society has been honoured with the Charles et Monique Moraze Award b... | Science, Technology and Society | [
"Technology"
] | 229 | [
"Science and technology studies journals",
"Science and technology studies"
] |
50,167,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi%20Water%20Authority | Saudi Water Authority (SWA), formerly the Saline Water Conversion Corporation, is a Saudi Arabian government authority responsible for regulating and monitoring water sector business and services to enhance water sustainability across the Kingdom.
The Saudi Water Authority (SWA) was formerly the Saline Water Conversi... | Saudi Water Authority | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,054 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water technology",
"Water desalination"
] |
50,167,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation%20xy%20%3D%20yx | In general, exponentiation fails to be commutative. However, the equation has solutions, such as
History
The equation is mentioned in a letter of Bernoulli to Goldbach (29 June 1728). The letter contains a statement that when the only solutions in natural numbers are and although there are infinitely many soluti... | Equation xy = yx | [
"Mathematics"
] | 780 | [
"Recreational mathematics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Diophantine equations",
"Number theory"
] |
50,168,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Coombs | Mary Clare Coombs ( Blood, 4 February 1929 – 28 February 2022) was a British computer programmer and schoolteacher. Employed in 1952 as the first female programmer to work on the LEO computers, she is recognised as the first female commercial programmer. The National Museum of Computing documents her contribution.
Ear... | Mary Coombs | [
"Technology"
] | 1,054 | [
"History of computing",
"History of computing in the United Kingdom"
] |
50,169,174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20Nuclear%20Power%20Safety%20Inspectorate%20of%20Lithuania | State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (VATESI) is the state regulator for nuclear energy in the Republic of Lithuania. It is also responsible for safety in use of ionising radiation in this area.
Heads
Genadijus Lipunovas – 1991–1992
Povilas Vaišnys – 1992–1997 m
Saulius Kutas – 1997–2006
Kazys Žilys – 2006
... | State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate of Lithuania | [
"Engineering"
] | 150 | [
"Nuclear organizations",
"Radiation protection organizations"
] |
50,171,807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission%20on%20Enhancing%20National%20Cybersecurity | The President's Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity is a Presidential Commission formed on April 13, 2016, to develop a plan for protecting cyberspace, and America's economic reliance on it. The commission released its final report in December 2016. The report made recommendations regarding the intertwining... | Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity | [
"Technology"
] | 616 | [
"Information technology",
"Cyberspace"
] |
50,172,552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20%28symbol%29 | The victor symbol (Spanish: or ) is an emblem that is painted on the walls of some Spanish and Latin American universities to commemorate students who have received the degree of doctorate. The custom dates back to the 14th century, and the symbol has historically been used at older universities in the Spanish-speakin... | Victor (symbol) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 306 | [
"Symbols"
] |
36,817,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer%20Mobile | Archer Mobile was a mobile technology company that offered services such as MMS and SMS messaging with the ability to deliver products like mobile coupons, QR codes, Microsoft tags, and mobile bank statements. The company, based in Seattle, WA, was formed from a merger of iLoop Mobile and Lenco Mobile in 2011. Some of ... | Archer Mobile | [
"Technology"
] | 640 | [
"Mobile technology companies"
] |
36,817,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20plants%20in%20the%20Gibraltar%20Botanic%20Gardens | This List of plants in the Gibraltar Botanic Gardens is based on data published by the gardens and updated annually. The gardens collection includes nearly 2,000 different species and over half of these are succulents. The gardens are noted for their collection of species from the African genus Aloe.
Acanthaceae
Adox... | List of plants in the Gibraltar Botanic Gardens | [
"Biology"
] | 1,411 | [
"Lists of biota",
"Lists of plants",
"Plants"
] |
36,817,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Void%20%28philosophy%29 | The concept of "The Void" in philosophy encompasses the ideas of nothingness and emptiness, a notion that has been interpreted and debated across various schools of metaphysics. In ancient Greek philosophy, the Void was discussed by thinkers like Democritus, who saw it as a necessary space for atoms to move, thereby en... | The Void (philosophy) | [
"Physics"
] | 4,133 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Philosophy of physics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
36,818,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KELT-2 | KELT-2 (also called HD 42176) is a yellow white main sequence star located about 439 light-years away in the constellation Auriga. The apparent magnitude of this star is 8.77, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a binoculars.
KELT-2A is the primary star in the common-proper-motion binar... | KELT-2 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 207 | [
"Auriga",
"Constellations"
] |
36,818,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagoras%20number | In mathematics, the Pythagoras number or reduced height of a field describes the structure of the set of squares in the field. The Pythagoras number p(K) of a field K is the smallest positive integer p such that every sum of squares in K is a sum of p squares.
A Pythagorean field is a field with Pythagoras number 1: ... | Pythagoras number | [
"Mathematics"
] | 588 | [
"Sumsets",
"Combinatorics"
] |
36,818,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chematica | Chematica is a software that uses algorithms and a collective database to predict synthesis pathways for molecules. The software development, led by Bartosz A. Grzybowski, was publicized in August 2012. In 2017, the software and database were wholly purchased by Merck KGaA | MRK. Since the acquisition, the software has... | Chematica | [
"Chemistry"
] | 207 | [
"Chemical databases"
] |
36,819,068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep-related%20breathing%20disorder | A sleep-related breathing disorder is a sleep disorder in which abnormalities in breathing occur during sleep that may or may not be present while awake. According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders are classified as follows:
Sleep apnea, including the more speci... | Sleep-related breathing disorder | [
"Biology"
] | 734 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep",
"Sleep disorders"
] |
36,819,329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20%28rat%29 | Ralph was the first cloned rat. He was created by a team of researchers at the National Institute for Agricultural Research in France, working with a biotech company, genOway. To give birth to Ralph, 129 embryos were implanted into two females, and one became pregnant and gave birth to three rats, with Ralph being the ... | Ralph (rat) | [
"Biology"
] | 236 | [
"Cloning",
"Cloned animals"
] |
36,819,832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matricellular%20protein | A matricellular protein is a dynamically expressed non-structural protein that is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Rather than serving as stable structural elements in the ECM, these proteins are rapidly turned over and have regulatory roles. They characteristically contain binding sites for ECM structural pr... | Matricellular protein | [
"Chemistry"
] | 167 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
36,819,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfozinum | Sulfozinum (sulfazin) is a pharmaceutical drug that causes a pyrogenic reaction (body temperature elevation) and severe pain. Sulfozinum is a 0.37 – 2% sterilized solution of purified elemental sulfur in peach oil or olive oil for intramuscular injections. The preparation is unstable, so it was prepared only in local ... | Sulfozinum | [
"Chemistry"
] | 434 | [
"Psychopharmacology",
"Pharmacology"
] |
36,820,307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec.%202020 | ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020, defines various aspects of ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) with standard dynamic range (SDR) and wide color gamut (WCG), including picture resolutions, frame rates with progressive scan, bit depths, color primaries, RG... | Rec. 2020 | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,040 | [
"Color space",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Metric spaces"
] |
36,820,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ute%20Dam | Ute Dam (National ID # NM00293) is a dam at Logan, New Mexico in Quay County, about west of the Texas state line. The reservoir it creates, Ute Reservoir, has a water surface of and has a maximum capacity of . Recreation includes fishing for largemouth bass, catfish, crappie and walleye, and the facilities at the a... | Ute Dam | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 308 | [
"Hydrology",
"Weirs"
] |
36,821,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Silberstein%20vector | In mathematical physics, in particular electromagnetism, the Riemann–Silberstein vector or Weber vector named after Bernhard Riemann, Heinrich Martin Weber and Ludwik Silberstein, (or sometimes ambiguously called the "electromagnetic field") is a complex vector that combines the electric field E and the magnetic field ... | Riemann–Silberstein vector | [
"Physics"
] | 1,379 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Fundamental interactions"
] |
36,821,788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycena%20atkinsonii | Mycena atkinsonii is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. The species was first described scientifically by New York State botanist Homer Doliver House in 1920.
References
External links
atkinsonii
Fungi described in 1920
Fungi of North America
Fungus species | Mycena atkinsonii | [
"Biology"
] | 57 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
36,821,900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-invariant | In mathematics, the universal invariant or u-invariant of a field describes the structure of quadratic forms over the field.
The universal invariant u(F) of a field F is the largest dimension of an anisotropic quadratic space over F, or ∞ if this does not exist. Since formally real fields have anisotropic quadratic f... | U-invariant | [
"Mathematics"
] | 510 | [
"Quadratic forms",
"Number theory"
] |
36,822,098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucihormetica%20luckae | Lucihormetica luckae is a species of giant cockroach (Blaberidae) from Ecuador.
Light production
Like other species in the genus Lucihormetica, L. luckaes back carapace features one small and two large spots that glow when exposed to light (autofluorescence), perhaps to mimic the appearance of the toxic click beetle (... | Lucihormetica luckae | [
"Biology"
] | 255 | [
"Individual organisms",
"Species known from a single specimen"
] |
36,822,995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg%20temple%20model | The Hamburg temple model is an architectural model of the Temple of Solomon in the Baroque style currently located at the Hamburg Museum. It covers an area of about and is made from wood. It is square, with four wings and nine courtyards, two of them in the central axis.
It was made somewhere between 1692 and 1698 af... | Hamburg temple model | [
"Engineering"
] | 427 | [
"Architectural history",
"Architecture"
] |
36,823,083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecA | The SecA protein is a cell membrane associated subunit of the bacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway, a system which is responsible for the secretion of proteins through the cell membrane. Within this system the SecA ATPase forms a translocase complex with the SecYEG channel, thereby driving the movement of the pro... | SecA | [
"Biology"
] | 610 | [
"Protein targeting",
"Protein classification",
"Protein domains",
"Cellular processes",
"Protein families"
] |
36,824,435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Osman%20Baloola | Mohamed Osman Baloola ( born April 14, 1981) is a Sudanese scientist and inventor who was named among The World's 500 Most influential Arabs in 2012 and 2013 for his work on diabetes. Baloola has been a teaching assistant of biomedical engineering at the Ajman University of Science and Technology since 2010. He won a s... | Mohamed Osman Baloola | [
"Chemistry"
] | 852 | [
"Physical chemists"
] |
36,825,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Howson%20Pickard | Sir Robert Howson Pickard FRS (27 September 1874 – 18 October 1949) was a chemist who did pioneering work in stereochemistry and also for the cotton industry in Lancashire. He was also involved in educational administration and was Vice Chancellor of the University of London from 1937-1939. He was Principal of Batterse... | Robert Howson Pickard | [
"Chemistry"
] | 582 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Stereochemists"
] |
36,825,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leccinum%20duriusculum | Leccinum duriusculum is a bolete mushroom in the genus Leccinum. Originally called Boletus duriusculus by Hungarian–Croatian mycologist Stephan Schulzer von Müggenburg in 1874, it was transferred to Leccinum by Rolf Singer in 1947.
See also
List of Leccinum species
References
Duriusculum
Fungi described in 1874
Fung... | Leccinum duriusculum | [
"Biology"
] | 82 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
57,297,034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauthenier%20equation | The Pauthenier equation states that the maximum charge accumulated by a particle modelled by a small sphere passing through an electric field is given by:
where is the permittivity of free space, is the radius of the sphere, is the electric field strength, and is a material dependent constant.
For conductors, .
... | Pauthenier equation | [
"Physics"
] | 104 | [
"Particle physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Particle physics stubs",
"Physics theorems"
] |
57,298,218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomitoporus%20flavescens | Diplomitoporus flavescens is a species of poroid crust fungus in the family Polyporaceae.
Taxonomy
It was first described by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola in 1903 as Trametes flavescens. Stanislaw Domański made it the type species of his newly created genus Diplomitoporus in 1970.
Habitat and distribution
Dipl... | Diplomitoporus flavescens | [
"Biology"
] | 233 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
57,298,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st%20Railway%20Corps%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29 | 1st Railway Corps () of the People's Liberation Army was a military formation mainly focusing on railway construction missions. It was activated on September 1, 1956. The corps commander was He Huiyan.
The corps was composed of 2nd, 7th and 11th Railway Divisions.
From 1956 to early 1957, the corps was in charge of t... | 1st Railway Corps (People's Republic of China) | [
"Engineering"
] | 166 | [
"Military engineering",
"Railway troops"
] |
57,298,540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd%20Railway%20Corps%20%28People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China%29 | 2nd Railway Corps () of the People's Liberation Army was a military formation mainly focusing on railway construction missions. It was activated in November 1956 in Nanping, Fujian.
The corps was composed of 1st, 5th and 6th Railway Divisions.
The corps was intended to participate in the construction of Yingtan-Xiame... | 2nd Railway Corps (People's Republic of China) | [
"Engineering"
] | 128 | [
"Military engineering",
"Railway troops"
] |
57,301,571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V392%20Persei | V392 Persei, also known as Nova Persei 2018, is a bright nova in the constellation Perseus discovered on April 29, 2018. It was previously known as a dwarf nova.
Dwarf nova
A U Geminorum-type variable star or dwarf nova is a type of cataclysmic variable star consisting of a close binary star system in which one of th... | V392 Persei | [
"Astronomy"
] | 556 | [
"Perseus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
55,497,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeal%20H/ACA%20sRNA | In archaea like in eukaryotes, uridines in various RNAs are converted to pseudouridines by ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) containing H/ACA sRNA. Because of their conserved function, these sRNAs are also called small "nucleolar" RNAs (snoRNA) like in eukaryotes, despite no nucleus is present in prokaryotes. By usin... | Archaeal H/ACA sRNA | [
"Chemistry"
] | 305 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Molecular and cellular biology stubs"
] |
55,497,682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare%20de%20Brereton%20Evans | Clare de Brereton Evans (C. de B. Evans, 1866–1935) was a scientist and academic who became the first woman to be awarded a doctorate in Chemistry (DSc). She was a pioneer translator of Meister Eckhart's German works.
Education and career
She was educated at Cheltenham Ladies College and obtained a BSc (London) in 18... | Clare de Brereton Evans | [
"Chemistry"
] | 217 | [
"Organic chemists",
"British organic chemists"
] |
55,497,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Slater | Elizabeth Slater (13 June 1946 – 11 September 2014) was a British archaeologist specialising in archaeometallurgy. She was the first female professor of archaeology appointed by the University of Liverpool, where she held the Garstang Chair in Archaeology from 1991 to 2007.
Early life and education
Elizabeth Anne Sla... | Elizabeth Slater | [
"Chemistry"
] | 475 | [
"Archaeometallurgy",
"Archaeometallurgists"
] |
55,498,066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental%20bioelectricity | Developmental bioelectricity is the regulation of cell, tissue, and organ-level patterning and behavior by electrical signals during the development of embryonic animals and plants. The charge carrier in developmental bioelectricity is the ion (a charged atom) rather than the electron, and an electric current and field... | Developmental bioelectricity | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 6,404 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics"
] |
55,498,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz%20Otto%20Schild | Heinz Otto Schild (18 May 190615 June 1984), was a pharmacologist now known for the development of the Schild plot.
Life
H.O. Schild was born into a Jewish family in what was Fiume, Austria-Hungary, and is now Rijeka, Croatia. During the rise of fascism he was schooled in Munich (from 1915) then Budapest (from 1917).... | Heinz Otto Schild | [
"Chemistry"
] | 340 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
55,500,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine%20Satellite | Iodine Satellite (iSat) is a technology demonstration satellite of the CubeSat format that will undergo high changes in velocity (up to 300 meters/second) from a primary propulsion system by using a Hall thruster with iodine as the propellant. It will also change its orbital altitude and demonstrate deorbit capabilitie... | Iodine Satellite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy"
] | 769 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Matter",
"Ion engines",
"Hall effect",
"Spacecraft stubs",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Solid state engineering",
"Ions"
] |
55,500,587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%20482 | NGC 482 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Phoenix. It is located approximately 277 million light-years from Earth and was discovered on October 23, 1835 by astronomer John Herschel.
See also
Spiral galaxy
List of NGC objects (1–1000)
References
External links
SEDS
Spiral galaxies
Phoenix (constellat... | NGC 482 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 78 | [
"Phoenix (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
55,503,240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid%20Dee%20Magidson | Ingrid Dee Magidson is an American artist known for her use of combining industrial materials, collage, paint and Renaissance and Baroque images into transparent layers or shadow boxes. Influenced by Joseph Cornell, Salvador Dalí and the Surrealists in her use of antique objects, butterflies and insect specimens. She... | Ingrid Dee Magidson | [
"Technology"
] | 807 | [
"Multimedia",
"Multimedia artists"
] |
55,503,854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20epistemology | Bayesian epistemology is a formal approach to various topics in epistemology that has its roots in Thomas Bayes' work in the field of probability theory. One advantage of its formal method in contrast to traditional epistemology is that its concepts and theorems can be defined with a high degree of precision. It is bas... | Bayesian epistemology | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,379 | [
"Probability interpretations",
"nan"
] |
55,504,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20conversion | To date, two methods have been used to make a personal computer, not offered by Apple, but able to run a Mac operating system: either create a Macintosh conversion or build a Macintosh clone.
Unlike Mac clones that contain little or no original Apple hardware, Mac conversions are essentially modification kits that req... | Macintosh conversion | [
"Technology"
] | 2,933 | [
"Computing platforms",
"Macintosh platform"
] |
55,504,345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%202029 | NGC 2029 (also known as ESO 56-EN156 or the Dragon's Head Nebula) is an emission nebula in the Dorado constellation and is part of the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is part of a complex of nebulae and stars, including NGC 2032, NGC 2035 and NGC 2040. It was discovered by James Dunlop on the 27 September 1826. Its apparent... | NGC 2029 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 187 | [
"Nebula stubs",
"Dorado",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Constellations"
] |
55,504,482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC39A11 | Solute carrier family 39 member 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC39A11 gene.
See also
Solute carrier family
References
Further reading | SLC39A11 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 35 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Protein stubs"
] |
55,507,154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder%20fatigue | Solder fatigue is the mechanical degradation of solder due to deformation under cyclic loading. This can often occur at stress levels below the yield stress of solder as a result of repeated temperature fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, or mechanical loads. Techniques to evaluate solder fatigue behavior include fini... | Solder fatigue | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,208 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Fracture mechanics",
"Technological failures",
"Materials science",
"Soldering defects",
"Materials degradation"
] |
55,509,384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%20War%20Building%20Studies | The Post-War Building Studies are a set of technical reports published by the British Ministry of Works starting in 1944. The Directorate of Post-War Building was established in 1941 under Sir James West. The Directorate was charged with coordinating solutions for construction of housing to replace homes that had been... | Post War Building Studies | [
"Engineering"
] | 831 | [
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
55,509,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride%20of%20workmanship | Pride of workmanship is the gratifying sense of having done good work. It is an element of job satisfaction. One of the key principles in the philosophy of management consultant W. Edwards Deming is that workers have a right to pride of workmanship:
Remove barriers that rob the hourly worker of his right to pride of ... | Pride of workmanship | [
"Biology"
] | 299 | [
"Behavior",
"Organizational behavior",
"Human behavior"
] |
56,879,230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20N%C3%B6ldeke | Georg Nöldeke (born November 19, 1964) is an economist and currently serves as Professor of Economics at the University of Basel. His research interests focuses on microeconomic theory, game theory, and social evolution. In 2007, Georg Nöldeke's contributions to economics of information - in particular on the communica... | Georg Nöldeke | [
"Mathematics"
] | 869 | [
"Game theorists",
"Game theory"
] |
56,879,412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverso%20%28language%20tools%29 | Reverso is a French company specialized in AI-based language tools, translation aids, and language services. These include online translation based on neural machine translation (NMT), contextual dictionaries, online bilingual concordances, grammar and spell checking and conjugation tools.
History
Reverso has been act... | Reverso (language tools) | [
"Technology"
] | 581 | [
"Natural language and computing",
"Computer-assisted translation"
] |
56,879,891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Seamounts | The Discovery Seamounts are a chain of seamounts in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, including Discovery Seamount. The seamounts are east of Gough Island and once formed islands. Various volcanic rocks as well as glacial dropstones and sediments have been dredged from the Discovery Seamounts.
The Discovery Seamounts appe... | Discovery Seamounts | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,855 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
56,879,927 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenic%20photogranules | Oxygenic photogranules (OPGs) are a type of biological aggregate with an approximately spherical form, typically from a millimeter to a centimeter scale. OPGs are characterized by the cloth-like layer of phototrophic organisms, predominantly filamentous cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales. Oxygen production by ... | Oxygenic photogranules | [
"Engineering"
] | 748 | [
"Process engineering",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline"
] |
56,880,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20odometer | In mathematics, a Markov odometer is a certain type of topological dynamical system. It plays a fundamental role in ergodic theory and especially in orbit theory of dynamical systems, since a theorem of H. Dye asserts that every ergodic nonsingular transformation is orbit-equivalent to a Markov odometer.
The basic exa... | Markov odometer | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,433 | [
"Mechanics",
"Ergodic theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
56,880,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20thermal%20index | The Relative thermal index (RTI) is a characteristic parameter related to the ability of plastic materials to resist thermal degradation.
The RTI is part of the longterm thermal aging program (LTTA) described in the UL 746B standard from UL.
During the process of the UL 746B program, the degradation in hot air of cer... | Relative thermal index | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 432 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Threshold temperatures",
"Materials science",
"Materials testing"
] |
56,881,282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%20Foundation%20College%20recruit%20abuse%20investigation%202014%E2%80%932018 | The Army Foundation College recruit abuse investigation 2014–2018 investigated allegations by a group of 17-year-old British army recruits that 17 instructors had maltreated them during their training over nine days in June 2014. It was reported as the British army's largest ever investigation of abuse. Among the alleg... | Army Foundation College recruit abuse investigation 2014–2018 | [
"Biology"
] | 2,025 | [
"Harassment and bullying",
"Behavior",
"Aggression"
] |
56,882,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K2-146b | K2-146b is a Neptune-like exoplanet discovered in 2018 by the Kepler Space Telescope that orbits a low-mass M-type star in the constellation Cancer. Its host star, K2-146, is orbited by another planet named K2-146c. The planet orbits K2-146 at a distance of , fifteen times closer than Mercury is to the Sun (0.3871 AU).... | K2-146b | [
"Astronomy"
] | 146 | [
"Cancer (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
56,882,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-glycosyltransferase | N-glycosyltransferase is an enzyme in prokaryotes which transfers individual hexoses onto asparagine sidechains in substrate proteins, using a nucleotide-bound intermediary, within the cytoplasm. They are distinct from regular N-glycosylating enzymes, which are oligosaccharyltransferases that transfer pre-assembled oli... | N-glycosyltransferase | [
"Biology"
] | 2,607 | [
"Protein families",
"Protein classification"
] |
56,885,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributyltin%20chloride | Tributyltin chloride is an organotin compound with the formula (C4H9)3SnCl. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents.
Preparation and reactions
The compound is prepared by a redistribution reaction by combining stannic chloride and tetrabutyltin:
3 (C4H9)4Sn + SnCl4 → 4 (C4H9)3SnCl
Tributylt... | Tributyltin chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 173 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metal halides",
"Salts"
] |
56,885,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFPA%201600 | NFPA 1600 (Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity/Continuity of Operations Programs) is a standard published by the National Fire Protection Association.
References
NFPA Standards
Fire protection
Emergency management in the United States | NFPA 1600 | [
"Engineering"
] | 46 | [
"Building engineering",
"Fire protection"
] |
56,885,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Lunar%20Observatory | The International Lunar Observatory (ILO) is a private scientific and commercial lunar mission by the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA Hawai'i) of Kamuela, Hawaii to place a permanent observatory near the South Pole of the Moon to conduct astrophysical studies using an optical telescope and possibly an... | International Lunar Observatory | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,233 | [
"Space telescopes"
] |
56,886,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirroctopus%20mawsoni | Cirroctopus mawsoni is known from only one specimen, which was found in the waters off Adélie Land between 530 and 550 meters deep. It is the type species of genus Cirroctopus. C. mawsoni may be synonymous with Cirroctopus glacialis.
References
Octopuses
Species known from a single specimen
Marine fauna of Antarctica | Cirroctopus mawsoni | [
"Biology"
] | 75 | [
"Individual organisms",
"Species known from a single specimen"
] |
56,886,798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Future%20of%20Work%20and%20Death | The Future of Work and Death is a 2016 documentary by Sean Blacknell and Wayne Walsh about the exponential growth of technology.
The film showed at several film festivals including Raindance Film Festival, International Film Festival Rotterdam, Academia Film Olomouc and CPH:DOX.
In May 2017 it received an official sc... | The Future of Work and Death | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 576 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Automation",
"Transhumanism",
"Ethics of science and technology",
"Works about automation"
] |
56,887,040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20centre%20hypothesis | The information centre hypothesis (ICH) is a theory that states bird species live in communal roosts primarily for the advantage of gaining information from others in the community regarding the location of unevenly distributed food resources. This hypothesis was first proposed by Peter Ward and Israeli biologist Amotz... | Information centre hypothesis | [
"Biology"
] | 3,380 | [
"Behavioural sciences",
"Ethology",
"Behavior"
] |
56,887,061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE%20J306 | SAE J306 is a standard that defines the viscometric properties of automotive gear oils. It is maintained by SAE International. Key parameters for this standard are the kinematic viscosity of the gear oil, the maximum temperature at which the oil has a viscosity of 150,000 cP, and a measure of its shear stability throug... | SAE J306 | [
"Physics"
] | 91 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Viscosity",
"Physical properties"
] |
56,887,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20arm | The Stanford arm is an industrial robot with six degrees of freedom, designed at Stanford University by Victor Scheinman in 1969.
The Stanford arm is a serial manipulator whose kinematic chain consists of two revolute joints at the base, a prismatic joint, and a spherical joint. Because it includes several kinematic p... | Stanford arm | [
"Engineering"
] | 93 | [
"Industrial robots"
] |
56,888,408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20of%20Elaine%20Herzberg | The death of Elaine Herzberg (August 2, 1968 – March 18, 2018) was the first recorded case of a pedestrian fatality involving a self-driving car, after a collision that occurred late in the evening of March 18, 2018. Herzberg was pushing a bicycle across a four-lane road in Tempe, Arizona, United States, when she was s... | Death of Elaine Herzberg | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,019 | [
"Self-driving cars",
"Robotics engineering",
"Safety engineering",
"AI safety",
"Automotive engineering",
"Deaths caused by robots and artificial intelligence"
] |
56,889,514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Oleo%20Science | The Journal of Oleo Science is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the various agricultural, biological, chemical, health, medical, nutritional, and physical properties of fats and oils. It is published by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society and the editor-in-chief is Osamu Shibata (Nagasaki International Uni... | Journal of Oleo Science | [
"Chemistry"
] | 252 | [
"Biochemistry journals",
"Biochemistry literature"
] |
56,889,647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20for%20Startups | Google for Startups (formerly known as Google for Entrepreneurs) is a startup program launched by Google in 2011. It consists of over 50 co-working spaces and accelerators in 125 countries, and provides hands-on lessons for aspiring entrepreneurs.
It partners with local startup communities as well as a network of co-w... | Google for Startups | [
"Technology"
] | 601 | [
"Information technology",
"Information technology places"
] |
56,889,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimakalim | Bimakalim is a potassium channel opener. It can be prepared from 2-acetyl-4-cyanophenol .
References
Potassium channel openers
2-Pyridones
Benzopyrans
Nitriles | Bimakalim | [
"Chemistry"
] | 49 | [
"Nitriles",
"Functional groups"
] |
41,009,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%20drift | In fluid dynamics, Darwin drift refers to the phenomenon that a fluid parcel is permanently displaced after the passage of a body through a fluid – the fluid being at rest far away from the body.
Consider a plane of fluid parcels perpendicular to the direction of the body's constant velocity vector, far before the pas... | Darwin drift | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 221 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
41,010,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LASNEX | LASNEX is a computer program that simulates the interactions between x-rays and a plasma, along with many effects associated with these interactions. The program is used to predict the performance of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) devices such as the Nova laser or proposed particle beam "drivers".
Versions of LASNE... | LASNEX | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 897 | [
"Nuclear fusion",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
41,012,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLab | mLab (originally MongoLab) was a San Francisco-based cloud database service which hosted fully-managed MongoDB databases. mLab ran on cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, as well as various platform-as-a-service providers.
History
In May 2011, MongoLab secured $3 million in first... | MLab | [
"Technology"
] | 374 | [
"Cloud infrastructure",
"IT infrastructure"
] |
41,012,467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content%20delivery%20network%20interconnection | Content delivery network interconnection (CDNI) is a set of interfaces and mechanisms required for interconnecting two independent content delivery networks (CDNs) that enables one to deliver content on behalf of the other. Interconnected CDNs offer many benefits, such as footprint extension, reduced infrastructure cos... | Content delivery network interconnection | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,029 | [
"Streaming",
"Computer networking",
"Computer engineering",
"Computer science",
"Multimedia"
] |
41,013,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanega | The fanega or Spanish bushel was an old measure of dry capacity in Spanish-speaking countries. It was generally used in an agricultural context to measure quantities of grain. The measure varied greatly, but in Castile, it was equivalent to roughly 55.5 liters. It was also a measure of surface area that was further ... | Fanega | [
"Mathematics"
] | 103 | [
"Units of volume",
"Obsolete units of measurement",
"Quantity",
"Units of measurement"
] |
41,013,676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PA%20Server%20Monitor | PA Server Monitor is a server and network monitoring software from Power Admin LLC. PA Server Monitor focuses primarily on server and network health through numerous resource checks, reports, and alerting options. The agentless, on-premises software can monitor thousands of devices from a single installation. The monit... | PA Server Monitor | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,312 | [
"Computer networks engineering",
"Computer performance",
"System administration",
"Information systems",
"Network management"
] |
41,014,228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoes%20%282012%20film%29 | Shoes is a 2012 international short film directed, written and produced by Konstantin Fam. The film is the result of a joint effort by professional team from Russia, the USA, the Czech Republic, Poland, France, Belarus and Ukraine. The film is the first novel of the film trilogy "Witnesses" dedicated to the memory of v... | Shoes (2012 film) | [
"Biology"
] | 861 | [
"Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust",
"Behavior",
"Altruism"
] |
41,015,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-anointing%20in%20animals | Self-anointing in animals, sometimes called anointing or anting, is a behaviour whereby a non-human animal smears odoriferous substances over themselves. These substances are often the secretions, parts, or entire bodies of other animals or plants. The animal may chew these substances and then spread the resulting sa... | Self-anointing in animals | [
"Biology"
] | 3,225 | [
"Behavioural sciences",
"Ethology",
"Behavior"
] |
41,015,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20EM%20simulation%20software | The following table lists software packages with their own article on Wikipedia that are nominal EM (electromagnetic) simulators;
References
Software comparisons | Comparison of EM simulation software | [
"Technology"
] | 27 | [
"Software comparisons",
"Computing comparisons"
] |
41,015,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20lease | A telecommunications lease is a lease that exists between a telecommunications provider, or a wireless company, and a landowner. Similar to other real estate leases, a telecommunications lease is put in place as an agreement to lease space on the landowner's property for a telecommunications site or cellular tower for ... | Telecommunications lease | [
"Technology"
] | 1,814 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Telecommunications"
] |
41,016,474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold-Food%20Powder | Cold-Food Powder () or Five Minerals Powder () was a poisonous psychoactive drug popular during the Six Dynasties (220–589) and Tang dynasty (618–907) periods of China.
Terminology
Both Chinese names hanshisan and wushisan have the suffix -san (, lit. "fall apart; scattered"), which means "medicine in powdered form" i... | Cold-Food Powder | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 8,682 | [
"Psychoactive drugs",
"Neurochemistry",
"Toxicology",
"Poisons"
] |
41,016,538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spier%20Falls%20Dam | The Spier Falls Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Hudson River between the towns of Moreau and Lake Luzerne, New York.
Construction
The dam was built by the Hudson River Water Power Company. The chief engineer was Charles E. Parsons of Glens Falls. Construction started in 1900 and completed in 1903 at a total cost ... | Spier Falls Dam | [
"Engineering"
] | 329 | [
"nan"
] |
41,016,738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squegging | Squegging is a radio engineering term. It is a contraction of self-quenching. A squegging or self-blocking oscillator produces an intermittent or changing output signal. Wildlife tags for birds and little mammals use squegging oscillators. The Armstrong super-regenerative radio receiver uses a self-blocking oscillator,... | Squegging | [
"Physics"
] | 442 | [
"Mechanics",
"Oscillation"
] |
41,017,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptoid%20nanosheet | In nanobiotechnology, a peptoid nanosheet is a synthetic protein structure made from peptoids. Peptoid nanosheets have a thickness of about three nanometers and a length of up to 100 micrometers, meaning that they have a two-dimensional, flat shape that resembles paper on the nanoscale.
This makes them one of the thin... | Peptoid nanosheet | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 587 | [
"Crystallography",
"Crystals",
"Structural biology",
"nan",
"Protein structure"
] |
41,019,863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Pitaevskii | Lev Petrovich Pitaevskii ( ; 18 January 1933 – 23 August 2022) was a Russian theoretical physicist, who made contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, low-temperature physics, plasma physics, and condensed matter physics. Together with his PhD supervisor Evgeny Lifshitz and with Vladimir Berest... | Lev Pitaevskii | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 961 | [
"Condensed matter physicists",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
41,020,140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior%20imaging | Behavior imaging is a technique used in behavioral health to diagnose, treat and monitor behavioral disorders, most commonly autism. It involves capturing short video clips of problem behaviors in natural environments on smartphones or other devices.
References
Behavioural sciences | Behavior imaging | [
"Biology"
] | 49 | [
"Behavioural sciences",
"Behavior"
] |
41,021,138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dz%C5%8D%20Tanaka | was a Japanese politician and social activist, and is considered to be Japan's first conservationist. Tanaka was politically active in the Meiji Restoration and leader in the Freedom and Popular Rights Movement. In Japan's first general election of 1890, he was elected to the House of Representatives as a member of the... | Shōzō Tanaka | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,391 | [
"Environmental ethicists",
"Environmental ethics"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.