id
int64
39
79M
url
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
6
334k
source
stringlengths
1
150
categories
listlengths
1
6
token_count
int64
3
71.8k
subcategories
listlengths
0
30
2,139,649
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20space%20%28algebraic%20topology%29
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, Moore space is the name given to a particular type of topological space that is the homology analogue of the Eilenberg–Maclane spaces of homotopy theory, in the sense that it has only one nonzero homology (rather than homotopy) group. The study of Moore spaces was initia...
Moore space (algebraic topology)
[ "Mathematics" ]
252
[ "Topology stubs", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Topology", "Algebraic topology" ]
2,139,702
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20term
In Boolean logic, a product term is a conjunction of literals, where each literal is either a variable or its negation. Examples Examples of product terms include: Origin The terminology comes from the similarity of AND to multiplication as in the ring structure of Boolean rings. Minterms For a boolean function of ...
Product term
[ "Mathematics" ]
160
[ "Boolean algebra", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Mathematical logic" ]
2,139,794
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratrooper%20%28ride%29
The Paratrooper, also known as the "Parachute Ride" or "Umbrella Ride", is a type of fairground ride. It is a ride where seats suspended below a wheel rotate at an angle. The seats are free to rock sideways and swing out under centrifugal force as the wheel rotates. Invariably, the seats on the Paratrooper ride have a ...
Paratrooper (ride)
[ "Physics", "Technology" ]
508
[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Amusement rides" ]
2,139,847
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole%20Markup%20Language
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML notation for expressing geographic annotation and visualization within two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional Earth browsers. KML was developed for use with Google Earth, which was originally named Keyhole Earth Viewer. It was created by Keyhole, Inc, which was acquired by Go...
Keyhole Markup Language
[ "Technology" ]
1,015
[ "Computer standards", "XML-based standards" ]
2,139,849
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20ratio
In aerospace engineering, mass ratio is a measure of the efficiency of a rocket. It describes how much more massive the vehicle is with propellant than without; that is, the ratio of the rocket's wet mass (vehicle plus contents plus propellant) to its dry mass (vehicle plus contents). A more efficient rocket design re...
Mass ratio
[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
445
[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Astrodynamics", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Mass", "Ratios", "Size", "Arithmetic", "Aerospace engineering", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Matter" ]
2,139,915
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%27s%20mark
A mason's mark is an engraved symbol often found on dressed stone in buildings and other public structures. In stonemasonry Regulations issued in Scotland in 1598 by James VI's Master of Works, William Schaw, stated that on admission to the guild, every mason had to enter his name and his mark in a register. There a...
Mason's mark
[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
463
[ "Construction", "Symbols", "Stonemasonry" ]
15,833,970
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip%20Video
The Flip Video cameras are an American series of pocket video cameras for digital video created by Pure Digital Technologies, a company bought by Cisco Systems in March 2009; variants include the UltraHD, the MinoHD, and the SlideHD. Flip Video cameras were known for their simple interface with few buttons, minimal men...
Flip Video
[ "Engineering" ]
1,761
[ "Electronic engineering", "Video hardware" ]
15,837,161
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride%20varnish
Fluoride varnish is a highly concentrated form of fluoride that is applied to the tooth's surface by a dentist, dental hygienist or other dental professional, as a type of topical fluoride therapy. It is not a permanent varnish but due to its adherent nature it is able to stay in contact with the tooth surface for seve...
Fluoride varnish
[ "Physics" ]
1,694
[ "Materials", "Dental materials", "Matter" ]
15,838,199
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymosin%20beta-4
Thymosin beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMSB4X gene. Recommended INN (International Nonproprietary Name) for thymosin beta-4 is 'timbetasin', as published by the World Health Organization (WHO). The protein consists (in humans) of 43 amino acids (sequence: SDKPDMAEI EKFDKSKLKK TETQEKNPLP SKETIEQE...
Thymosin beta-4
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,829
[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Peptides", "Molecular biology" ]
15,839,432
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracian%20horseman
The Thracian horseman (also "Thracian Rider" or "Thracian Heroes") is a recurring motif depicted in reliefs of the Hellenistic and Roman periods in the Balkans—mainly Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly and Moesia—roughly from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. Inscriptions found in Romania identify the horseman as Hero...
Thracian horseman
[ "Astronomy" ]
3,277
[ "Castor and Pollux", "Astronomical myths" ]
15,840,012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20pulsar
An optical pulsar is a pulsar which can be detected in the visible spectrum. There are very few of these known: the Crab Pulsar was detected by stroboscopic techniques in 1969, shortly after its discovery in radio waves, at the Steward Observatory. The Vela Pulsar was detected in 1977 at the Anglo-Australian Observato...
Optical pulsar
[ "Astronomy" ]
142
[ "Stellar astronomy stubs", "Star types", "Astronomy stubs", "Astronomical classification systems" ]
15,840,118
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrus%20%28software%29
Hydrus is a suite of Windows-based modeling software that can be used for analysis of water flow, heat and solute transport in variably saturated porous media (e.g., soils). HYDRUS suite of software is supported by an interactive graphics-based interface for data-preprocessing, discretization of the soil profile, and g...
Hydrus (software)
[ "Physics" ]
3,086
[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Soil physics" ]
15,841,082
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choice%20modelling
Choice modelling attempts to model the decision process of an individual or segment via revealed preferences or stated preferences made in a particular context or contexts. Typically, it attempts to use discrete choices (A over B; B over A, B & C) in order to infer positions of the items (A, B and C) on some relevant l...
Choice modelling
[ "Biology" ]
4,538
[ "Behavior", "Behavioral economics", "Behaviorism" ]
15,841,716
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20C65
The Siemens C65 is a mobile phone announced by Siemens. This phone is under “C-Class” leveling of Siemens for entry levels/ consumer regularly. It was released in March 2004. It weighs 86 g and its dimensions are 100 x 45 x 16 mm (length x width x depth). Its display is a 130x130 pixels, 65K colors CSTN LCD. Its carrie...
Siemens C65
[ "Technology" ]
165
[ "Mobile technology stubs", "Mobile phone stubs" ]
15,842,094
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boskalis
Boskalis Westminster N.V. is a Dutch dredging and heavylift company that provides services relating to the construction and maintenance of maritime infrastructure internationally. The company has one of the world's largest dredging fleets, a large stake in Smit International and owns Dockwise, a large heavylift shippin...
Boskalis
[ "Engineering" ]
1,321
[ "Dredging companies", "Engineering companies" ]
15,842,342
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory%20diagnosis%20of%20viral%20infections
In the diagnostic laboratory, virus infections can be confirmed by a myriad of methods. Diagnostic virology has changed rapidly due to the advent of molecular techniques and increased clinical sensitivity of serological assays. Sampling A wide variety of samples can be used for virological testing. The type of sample...
Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,349
[ "Laboratory medicine techniques" ]
15,843,466
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P24%20capsid%20protein
The p24 capsid protein is the most abundant HIV protein with each virus containing approximately 1,500 to 3,000 p24 molecules. It is the major structural protein within the capsid, and it is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the virus and facilitating various stages of the viral life cycle, including ...
P24 capsid protein
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,050
[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein stubs" ]
15,843,635
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian%20tree
In computer science, a Cartesian tree is a binary tree derived from a sequence of distinct numbers. To construct the Cartesian tree, set its root to be the minimum number in the sequence, and recursively construct its left and right subtrees from the subsequences before and after this number. It is uniquely defined as...
Cartesian tree
[ "Mathematics" ]
3,539
[ "Order theory", "Sorting algorithms" ]
15,843,784
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoelite
Hoelite is a mineral, discovered in 1922 at Mt. Pyramide, Spitsbergen, Norway and named after Norwegian geologist Adolf Hoel (1879–1964). Its chemical formula is C14H8O2 (9,10-anthraquinone). It is a very rare organic mineral which occurs in coal fire environments in association with sal ammoniac and native sulfur. R...
Hoelite
[ "Chemistry" ]
98
[ "Organic compounds", "Organic minerals" ]
15,844,313
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-gel%20digestion
The in-gel digestion step is a part of the sample preparation for the mass spectrometric identification of proteins in course of proteomic analysis. The method was introduced in 1992 by Rosenfeld. Innumerable modifications and improvements in the basic elements of the procedure remain. The in-gel digestion step primar...
In-gel digestion
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
2,938
[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Mass spectrometry", "Molecular biology", "Proteins", "Matter" ]
15,845,679
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern%20Statistical%20Region
The Southwestern Statistical Region (; ) is one of eight statistical regions of North Macedonia. Southwestern, located in the western part of the country, sharing Ohrid Lake with its westerly border Albania. Internally, it borders the Pelagonia, Polog, Skopje, and Vardar statistical regions. Municipalities The Southw...
Southwestern Statistical Region
[ "Mathematics" ]
162
[ "Statistical regions of North Macedonia", "Statistical concepts", "Statistical regions" ]
15,845,764
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E2%88%9E-operad
{{DISPLAYTITLE:A∞-operad}} In the theory of operads in algebra and algebraic topology, an A∞-operad is a parameter space for a multiplication map that is homotopy coherently associative. (An operad that describes a multiplication that is both homotopy coherently associative and homotopy coherently commutative is called...
A∞-operad
[ "Mathematics" ]
722
[ "Algebra", "Algebraic topology", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Topology", "Abstract algebra" ]
15,845,985
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%E2%88%9E-operad
{{DISPLAYTITLE:E∞-operad}} In the theory of operads in algebra and algebraic topology, an E∞-operad is a parameter space for a multiplication map that is associative and commutative "up to all higher homotopies". (An operad that describes a multiplication that is associative but not necessarily commutative "up to homo...
E∞-operad
[ "Mathematics" ]
591
[ "Algebra", "Algebraic topology", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Topology", "Abstract algebra" ]
15,846,030
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans%20Way/College%20Avenue%20station
Veterans Way/College Ave, also known as the Tempe Transportation Center, is a regional transportation center on Valley Metro Rail in Tempe, Arizona, United States. As part of the regional transportation system, it is also the location of stops on multiple bus routes. A bike station is located here. This station has th...
Veterans Way/College Avenue station
[ "Engineering" ]
484
[ "Building engineering", "Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certified buildings" ]
15,846,091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglycolic%20acid
Diglycolic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, its acidity is between the one of acetic acid and oxalic acid. It is formed in the oxidation of diethylene glycol in the body and can lead to severe complications with fatal outcome. Preparation Oxidation of diethylene glycol with concentrated nitric acid was describ...
Diglycolic acid
[ "Chemistry" ]
650
[ "Organic compounds", "Functional groups", "Ethers" ]
15,846,235
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XAM
XAM, or the eXtensible Access Method, is a standard for computer data storage developed by IBM and EMC and maintained by the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). It was ratified as an ANSI standard by early 2011. XAM is an API for fixed content aware storage devices. XAM replaces the various proprietary inte...
XAM
[ "Technology" ]
209
[ "Computer standards" ]
15,846,301
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%20filtration
In mathematics, especially in the area of algebraic topology known as stable homotopy theory, the Adams filtration and the Adams–Novikov filtration allow a stable homotopy group to be understood as built from layers, the nth layer containing just those maps which require at most n auxiliary spaces in order to be a comp...
Adams filtration
[ "Mathematics" ]
207
[ "Topology stubs", "Topology" ]
15,846,772
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleofection
Nucleofection is an electroporation-based transfection method which enables transfer of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA into cells by applying a specific voltage and reagents. Nucleofection, also referred to as nucleofector technology, was invented by the biotechnology company Amaxa. "Nucleofector" and "nucleofection...
Nucleofection
[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
549
[ "Biochemistry", "Biological engineering", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
15,847,654
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRA%20%28gene%29
T-cell receptor alpha locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRA gene, also known as TCRA or TRA@. It contributes the alpha chain to the larger TCR protein (T-cell receptor). References Further reading Proteins
TRA (gene)
[ "Chemistry" ]
54
[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Protein stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular biology", "Proteins" ]
15,847,948
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative%20prayer
Affirmative prayer is a form of prayer or a metaphysical technique that is focused on a positive outcome rather than a negative situation. For instance, a person who is experiencing some form of illness would focus the prayer on the desired state of perfect health and affirm this desired intention "as if already happen...
Affirmative prayer
[ "Biology" ]
885
[ "Personal development", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
15,848,507
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim%20joist
In the framing of a deck or floor system, a rim joist is attached perpendicular to the joists, and provides lateral support for the ends of the joists while capping off the end of the floor or deck system. Rim joists are not to be confused with end joists, which are the first and last joists at the ends of a row of joi...
Rim joist
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
330
[ "Building engineering", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
15,848,569
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukuyama%20coupling
The Fukuyama coupling is a coupling reaction taking place between a thioester and an organozinc halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The reaction product is a ketone. This reaction was discovered by Tohru Fukuyama et al. in 1998. Advantages The reaction has gained considerable importance in synthetic organ...
Fukuyama coupling
[ "Chemistry" ]
898
[ "Coupling reactions", "Name reactions", "Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
15,848,717
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20F.%20Dinges
David F. Dinges is an American sleep researcher and teacher. He is professor of psychology in psychiatry, chief of the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology in the Department of Psychiatry, and associate director of the Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology in the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. D...
David F. Dinges
[ "Biology" ]
574
[ "Sleep researchers", "Behavior", "Sleep" ]
15,848,842
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy%20II
Freddy (1969–1971) and Freddy II (1973–1976) were experimental robots built in the Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception (later Department of Artificial Intelligence, now part of the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh). Technology Technical innovations involving Freddy were at the forefro...
Freddy II
[ "Technology" ]
1,135
[ "History of computing", "History of computing in the United Kingdom" ]
958,052
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20interface%20guidelines
Human interface guidelines (HIG) are software development documents which offer application developers a set of recommendations. Their aim is to improve the experience for the users by making application interfaces more intuitive, learnable, and consistent. Most guides limit themselves to defining a common look and f...
Human interface guidelines
[ "Engineering" ]
664
[ "Human–computer interaction", "Human–machine interaction" ]
958,117
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20assimilation
Nitrogen assimilation is the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. Organisms like plants, fungi and certain bacteria that can fix nitrogen gas (N2) depend on the ability to assimilate nitrate or ammonia for their needs. Other organisms, l...
Nitrogen assimilation
[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]
1,276
[ "Plant physiology", "Plants", "Nitrogen cycle", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Metabolism" ]
958,301
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shasta%20Lake
Shasta Lake, also popularly known as Lake Shasta, is a reservoir in Shasta County, California, United States. It began to store water in 1944 due to the impounding of the Sacramento River by Shasta Dam, the ninth-tallest dam in the US. Shasta Lake is a key facility of the Central Valley Project and provides flood cont...
Shasta Lake
[ "Engineering" ]
1,165
[ "Irrigation projects", "Central Valley Project" ]
958,449
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20orthogonality
In geometry, the relation of hyperbolic orthogonality between two lines separated by the asymptotes of a hyperbola is a concept used in special relativity to define simultaneous events. Two events will be simultaneous when they are on a line hyperbolically orthogonal to a particular timeline. This dependence on a certa...
Hyperbolic orthogonality
[ "Physics" ]
1,037
[ "Geometric measurement", "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Angle" ]
958,752
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%20raft
The plasma membranes of cells contain combinations of glycosphingolipids, cholesterol and protein receptors organized in glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains termed lipid rafts. Their existence in cellular membranes remains controversial. Indeed, Kervin and Overduin imply that lipid rafts are misconstrued protein island...
Lipid raft
[ "Chemistry" ]
5,611
[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Membrane biology", "Organic compounds", "Molecular biology", "Lipids" ]
958,884
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle%20drug
Lifestyle drug is an imprecise term commonly applied to medications which treat non–life-threatening and non-painful conditions such as baldness, wrinkles, erectile dysfunction, or acne, which the speaker perceives as either not medical problems at all or as minor medical conditions relative to others. It is sometimes ...
Lifestyle drug
[ "Chemistry" ]
755
[ "Pharmacology", "Chemicals in medicine", "Drugs", "Products of chemical industry" ]
958,950
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronika
Elektronika, also spelt Electronika and Electronica (, "Electronics"), is the brand name used for many different electronic products built by factories belonging to the Soviet Ministry of Electronic Industry, including calculators, electronic watches, portable games, and radios. Many Elektronika designs were the result...
Elektronika
[ "Technology" ]
1,457
[ "Computing in the Soviet Union", "History of computing" ]
958,988
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20astrology
Astrological belief in relation between celestial observations and terrestrial events have influenced various aspects of human history, including world-views, language and many elements of culture. It has been argued that astrology began as a study as soon as human beings made conscious attempts to measure, record, and...
History of astrology
[ "Astronomy" ]
6,047
[ "History of astrology", "History of astronomy" ]
958,996
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2015
Messier 15 or M15 (also designated NGC 7078 and sometimes known as the Great Pegasus Cluster) is a globular cluster in the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered by Jean-Dominique Maraldi in 1746 and included in Charles Messier's catalogue of comet-like objects in 1764. At an estimated billion years old, it is one ...
Messier 15
[ "Astronomy" ]
542
[ "Pegasus (constellation)", "Constellations", "X-ray astronomy", "Astronomical X-ray sources", "Astronomical objects", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
959,018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20Nebula
The Omega Nebula is an H II region in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745. Charles Messier catalogued it in 1764. It is by some of the richest starfields of the Milky Way, figuring in the northern two-thirds of Sagittarius. This feature is also known as the Swan Nebula,...
Omega Nebula
[ "Astronomy" ]
778
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
959,261
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual%20stew
A perpetual stew, also known as forever soup, hunter's pot, or hunter's stew, is a pot into which foodstuffs are placed and cooked, continuously. The pot is never or rarely emptied all the way, and ingredients and liquid are replenished as necessary. Such foods can continue cooking for decades or longer if properly mai...
Perpetual stew
[ "Physics" ]
396
[ "Spacetime", "Duration", "Physical quantities", "Time" ]
959,283
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20%28biology%29
A satellite is a subviral agent that depends on the coinfection of a host cell with a helper virus for its replication. Satellites can be divided into two major classes: satellite viruses and satellite nucleic acids. Satellite viruses, which are most commonly associated with plants, are also found in mammals, arthropod...
Satellite (biology)
[ "Biology" ]
1,463
[ "Viruses", "Satellite viruses" ]
959,404
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrofax
An electrofax was a type of fax. It involved electrostatic printer and copier technology, where an image was formed directly on the paper, instead of first on a drum, then transferred to paper, as it would be in xerography. It was used in the United States from the 1950s through the 1980s. The paper used in this proc...
Electrofax
[ "Physics", "Technology" ]
662
[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Printing devices" ]
959,407
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20adductors%20of%20the%20human%20body
Adduction is an anatomical term of motion referring to a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. Upper limb Arm and shoulder of arm at shoulder (lowering arm) Subscapularis Teres major Pectoralis major Triceps brachii (long head) Latissimus dorsi Coracobrachi...
List of adductors of the human body
[ "Biology" ]
244
[ "Behavior", "Anatomical terms of motion", "Motor control" ]
959,658
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silhouette
A silhouette (, ) is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject. The interior of a silhouette is featureless, and the silhouette is usually presented on a light background, usually white, or none at al...
Silhouette
[ "Physics" ]
3,430
[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Shadows" ]
959,928
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting%20Things%20Done
Getting Things Done (GTD) is a personal productivity system developed by David Allen and published in a book of the same name. GTD is described as a time management system. Allen states "there is an inverse relationship between things on your mind and those things getting done". The GTD method rests on the idea of mov...
Getting Things Done
[ "Physics", "Biology" ]
1,949
[ "Personal development", "Behavior", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Time management", "Spacetime", "Human behavior" ]
960,235
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia%20Severa
Claudia Severa (born 11 September in first century, fl. 97–105) was a literate Roman woman, the wife of Aelius Brocchus, commander of an unidentified fort near Vindolanda fort in northern England. She is known for a birthday invitation she sent around 100 AD to Sulpicia Lepidina, wife of Flavius Cerialis, commander at ...
Claudia Severa
[ "Engineering" ]
989
[ "Hadrian's Wall", "Fortification lines" ]
960,361
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction%20%28machine%20learning%29
In logic, statistical inference, and supervised learning, transduction or transductive inference is reasoning from observed, specific (training) cases to specific (test) cases. In contrast, induction is reasoning from observed training cases to general rules, which are then applied to the test cases. The distinction is...
Transduction (machine learning)
[ "Engineering" ]
1,789
[ "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Machine learning" ]
960,428
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clevis%20fastener
A clevis fastener is a two-piece fastener system consisting of a clevis and a clevis pin head. Terms The clevis is a U-shaped piece that has holes at the end of the prongs to accept the clevis pin. The clevis pin is similar to a bolt, but is either partially threaded or unthreaded with a cross-hole for a split pin. A ...
Clevis fastener
[ "Engineering" ]
821
[ "Construction", "Fasteners" ]
960,455
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakub%20%28Nation%20of%20Islam%29
Yakub (also spelled Yacub or Yaqub) is a figure in the mythology of the Nation of Islam (NOI) and its offshoots. According to the NOI's doctrine, Yakub was a black Meccan scientist who lived 6,600 years ago and created the white race. According to the story, following his discovery of the law of attraction and repulsio...
Yakub (Nation of Islam)
[ "Biology" ]
3,867
[ "Biology theories", "Obsolete biology theories", "Scientific racism" ]
960,519
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20Leg
Square Leg was a 1980 British government home defence Command Post and field exercise, which tested the Transition to War and Home Defence roles of the Ministry of Defence and British government. Part of the exercise involved a mock nuclear attack on Britain. It was assumed that 131 nuclear weapons would fall on Britai...
Square Leg
[ "Chemistry" ]
681
[ "Radioactivity", "Nuclear warfare" ]
960,522
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2019
Messier 19 or M19 (also designated NGC 6273) is a globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus. It was discovered by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764 and added to his catalogue of comet-like objects that same year. It was resolved into individual stars by William Herschel in 1784. His son, John Herschel, described it...
Messier 19
[ "Astronomy" ]
366
[ "Ophiuchus", "Constellations" ]
960,559
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromal%20cell-derived%20factor%201
The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), is a chemokine protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL12 gene on chromosome 10. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. Stromal cell-derived factors 1-alpha and 1-beta are small cytokines that belong t...
Stromal cell-derived factor 1
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,869
[ "Cytokines", "Signal transduction" ]
960,581
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load-bearing%20wall
A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building, which holds the weight of the elements above it, by conducting its weight to a foundation structure below it. Load-bearing walls are one of the earliest forms of construction. The development of the flying buttress in...
Load-bearing wall
[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]
819
[ "Structural system", "Types of wall", "Structural engineering", "Building engineering" ]
960,583
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2021
Messier 21 or M21, also designated NGC 6531 or Webb's Cross, is an open cluster of stars located to the north-east of Sagittarius in the night sky, close to the Messier objects M20 to M25 (except M24). It was discovered and catalogued by Charles Messier on June 5, 1764. This cluster is relatively young and tightly pack...
Messier 21
[ "Astronomy" ]
412
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
960,596
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2022
Messier 22 or M22, also known as NGC 6656 or the Great Sagittarius Cluster, is an elliptical globular cluster of stars in the constellation Sagittarius, near the Galactic bulge region. It is one of the brightest globulars visible in the night sky. The brightest stars are 11th magnitude, with hundreds of stars bright en...
Messier 22
[ "Astronomy" ]
759
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
960,668
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Leonard%20Lindel%C3%B6f
Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (; 7 March 1870 – 4 June 1946) was a Finnish mathematician, who made contributions in real analysis, complex analysis and topology. Lindelöf spaces are named after him. He was the son of mathematician Lorenz Leonard Lindelöf and brother of the philologist . He was secretary of the Finnish Societ...
Ernst Leonard Lindelöf
[ "Mathematics" ]
417
[ "Topologists", "Topology" ]
960,802
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri%20Riabouchinsky
Dimitri Pavlovitch Riabouchinsky (,6 November 1882– 22 August 1962) was a Russian fluid dynamicist noted for his discovery of the Riabouchinsky solid technique. With the aid of Nikolay Zhukovsky he founded the Institute of Aerodynamics in 1904, the first in Europe. He also independently discovered equivalent results to...
Dimitri Riabouchinsky
[ "Chemistry" ]
452
[ "Fluid dynamicists", "Fluid dynamics" ]
960,826
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2023
Messier 23, also known as NGC 6494, is an open cluster of stars in the northwest of the southern constellation of Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764. It can be found in good conditions with binoculars or a modestly sized telescope. It is in front of "an extensive gas and dust network", which ther...
Messier 23
[ "Astronomy" ]
338
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
960,890
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20Sagittarius%20Star%20Cloud
The Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (also known as Messier 24 and IC 4715) is a star cloud in the constellation of Sagittarius approximately 600 light years wide, which was catalogued by Charles Messier in 1764. The stars, clusters and other objects comprising M24 are part of the Sagittarius or Sagittarius-Carina arms of...
Small Sagittarius Star Cloud
[ "Astronomy" ]
700
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
960,927
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%206603
NGC 6603 is an open cluster discovered by John Herschel on July 15, 1830 located in Sagittarius constellation. Situated within the brightest part of star cloud Messier 24, it is classified by Shapley as type "g". This cluster consists of about 30 stars in a field of about 5 arc minutes in diameter, and is about 9400 l...
NGC 6603
[ "Astronomy" ]
162
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
960,972
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoenflies%20notation
The Schoenflies (or Schönflies) notation, named after the German mathematician Arthur Moritz Schoenflies, is a notation primarily used to specify point groups in three dimensions. Because a point group alone is completely adequate to describe the symmetry of a molecule, the notation is often sufficient and commonly use...
Schoenflies notation
[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]
1,437
[ "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Geometry", "Spectroscopy", "Symmetry" ]
961,108
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2025
Messier 25, also known as IC 4725, is an open cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Sagittarius. The first recorded observation of this cluster was made by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745 and it was included in Charles Messier's list of nebulous objects in 1764. The cluster is located near some obscuring ...
Messier 25
[ "Astronomy" ]
255
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,138
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2026
Messier 26, also known as NGC 6694, is an open cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Scutum. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764. This 8th magnitude cluster is a challenge to find in ideal skies with typical binoculars, where it can be, with any modern minimum aperture device. It is south-southwes...
Messier 26
[ "Astronomy" ]
316
[ "Scutum (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,157
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2028
Messier 28 or M28, also known as NGC 6626, is a globular cluster of stars in the center-west of Sagittarius. It was discovered by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1764. He briefly described it as a "nebula containing no star... round, seen with difficulty in 3-foot telescope; Diam 2′." In the sky it is less than a...
Messier 28
[ "Astronomy" ]
426
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,172
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2029
Messier 29 or M29, also known as NGC 6913 or the Cooling Tower Cluster, is a quite small, bright open cluster of stars just south of the central bright star Gamma Cygni of a northerly zone of the sky, Cygnus. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764, and can be seen from Earth by using binoculars. M29 is well with...
Messier 29
[ "Astronomy" ]
726
[ "Cygnus (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,184
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2030
Messier 30 (also known as M30, NGC 7099, or the Jellyfish Cluster) is a globular cluster of stars in the southeast of the southern constellation of Capricornus, at about the declination of the Sun when the latter is at December solstice. It was discovered by the French astronomer Charles Messier in 1764, who described ...
Messier 30
[ "Astronomy" ]
526
[ "Capricornus", "Constellations" ]
961,217
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2032
Messier 32 (also known as M32 and NGC 221) is a dwarf "early-type" galaxy about from the Solar System, appearing in the constellation Andromeda. M32 is a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749. The galaxy is a prototype of the relatively rare compact elliptic...
Messier 32
[ "Astronomy" ]
925
[ "Andromeda (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,237
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransUnion
TransUnion LLC is an American consumer credit reporting agency. TransUnion collects and aggregates information on over one billion individual consumers in over thirty countries including "200 million files profiling nearly every credit-active consumer in the United States". Its customers include over 65,000 businesses....
TransUnion
[ "Technology" ]
1,607
[ "Data collection", "Data" ]
961,260
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2018
Messier 18 or M18, also designated NGC 6613 and sometimes known as the Black Swan Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation Sagittarius. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 and included in his list of comet-like objects. From the perspective of Earth, M18 is situated between the Omega Nebula (M...
Messier 18
[ "Astronomy" ]
400
[ "Sagittarius (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,291
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocalyx
The glycocalyx (: glycocalyces or glycocalyxes), also known as the pericellular matrix and cell coat, is a layer of glycoproteins and glycolipids which surround the cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells. Animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-like coating on the external surface of their plasma me...
Glycocalyx
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]
2,253
[ "Carbohydrates", "Cell biology", "Polymer chemistry", "Biochemistry", "Glycobiology", "Polymers", "Polysaccharides" ]
961,303
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2034
Messier 34 (also known as M34, NGC 1039, or the Spiral Cluster) is a large and relatively near open cluster in Perseus. It was probably discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and included by Charles Messier in his catalog of comet-like objects in 1764. Messier described it as, "A cluster of small stars a l...
Messier 34
[ "Astronomy" ]
515
[ "Perseus (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
961,330
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-layer
An S-layer (surface layer) is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea, as well as in many types of bacteria. The S-layers of both archaea and bacteria consists of a monomolecular layer composed of only one (or, in a few cases, two) identical proteins or glycoproteins. This structure is built via self-as...
S-layer
[ "Chemistry" ]
1,606
[ "Membrane biology", "Molecular biology" ]
961,381
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcade%20cabinet
An arcade cabinet, also known as an arcade machine or a coin-op cabinet or coin-op machine, is the housing within which an arcade game's electronic hardware resides. Most cabinets designed since the mid-1980s conform to the Japanese Amusement Machine Manufacturers Association (JAMMA) wiring standard. Some include addit...
Arcade cabinet
[ "Physics", "Technology" ]
3,849
[ "Machines", "Computing terminology", "Video game terminology", "Commercial machines", "Physical systems" ]
961,450
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/196%20%28number%29
196 (one hundred [and] ninety-six) is the natural number following 195 and preceding 197. In mathematics 196 is a square number, the square of 14. As the square of a Catalan number, it counts the number of walks of length 8 in the positive quadrant of the integer grid that start and end at the origin, moving diagonall...
196 (number)
[ "Mathematics" ]
265
[ "Recreational mathematics", "Mathematical objects", "Arithmetic dynamics", "Elementary mathematics", "Integers", "Numbers", "Number theory", "Dynamical systems" ]
961,463
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/151%20%28number%29
151 (one hundred [and] fifty-one) is a natural number. It follows 150 and precedes 152. In mathematics 151 is the 36th prime number, the previous is 149, with which it comprises a twin prime. 151 is also a palindromic prime, a centered decagonal number, and a lucky number. 151 appears in the Padovan sequence, precede...
151 (number)
[ "Mathematics" ]
377
[ "Elementary mathematics", "Integers", "Mathematical objects", "Numbers" ]
961,552
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20channel%20frequencies
The following tables show the frequencies assigned to analog broadcast television channels in various regions of the world, along with the ITU letter designator for the transmission system used. The frequencies shown are for the channel limits and for the analog video and audio carriers. The channel itself usually occu...
Television channel frequencies
[ "Technology" ]
2,212
[ "Information and communications technology", "Television technology" ]
961,605
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACES%20%28computational%20chemistry%29
Aces II (Advanced Concepts in Electronic Structure Theory) is an ab initio computational chemistry package for performing high-level quantum chemical ab initio calculations. Its major strength is the accurate calculation of atomic and molecular energies as well as properties using many-body techniques such as many-body...
ACES (computational chemistry)
[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]
551
[ "Computational chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Quantum mechanics", "Computational chemistry stubs", "Computational chemistry", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Quantum physics stubs" ]
961,611
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%20balm
Lip balm or lip salve is a wax-like substance applied to the lips to moisturize and relieve chapped or dry lips, angular cheilitis, stomatitis, or cold sores. Lip balm often contains beeswax or carnauba wax, camphor, cetyl alcohol, lanolin, paraffin, and petrolatum, among other ingredients. Some varieties contain dyes...
Lip balm
[ "Chemistry" ]
2,040
[ "Pharmacology", "Drug delivery devices" ]
961,616
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSI%20%28computational%20chemistry%29
Psi is an ab initio computational chemistry package originally written by the research group of Henry F. Schaefer, III (University of Georgia). Utilizing Psi, one can perform a calculation on a molecular system with various kinds of methods such as Hartree-Fock, Post-Hartree–Fock electron correlation methods, and densi...
PSI (computational chemistry)
[ "Chemistry" ]
507
[ "Free chemistry software", "Computational chemistry software", "Chemistry software", "Computational chemistry", "Chemistry software for Linux" ]
961,668
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal%20difference
Goal difference, goal differential or points difference is a form of tiebreaker used to rank sport teams which finish on equal points in a league competition. Either "goal difference" or "points difference" is used, depending on whether matches are scored by goals (as in ice hockey and association football) or by point...
Goal difference
[ "Mathematics" ]
3,455
[ "Sign (mathematics)", "Subtraction" ]
961,677
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krytron
The krytron is a cold-cathode gas-filled tube intended for use as a very high-speed switch, somewhat similar to the thyratron. It consists of a sealed glass tube with four electrodes. A small triggering pulse on the grid electrode switches the tube on, allowing a large current to flow between the cathode and anode elec...
Krytron
[ "Physics" ]
2,468
[ "Physical quantities", "Vacuum tubes", "Vacuum", "Power (physics)", "Pulsed power", "Matter" ]
961,680
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan%20tapir
The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called Asian tapir, Asiatic tapir, oriental tapir, Indian tapir, piebald tapir, or black-and-white tapir, is the only living tapir species outside of the Americas. It is native to Southeast Asia from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN R...
Malayan tapir
[ "Biology" ]
1,599
[ "EDGE species", "Biodiversity" ]
961,805
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%20of%20sets
In mathematics, the algebra of sets, not to be confused with the mathematical structure of an algebra of sets, defines the properties and laws of sets, the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for...
Algebra of sets
[ "Mathematics" ]
1,444
[ "Basic concepts in set theory", "Operations on sets" ]
961,961
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20gun
In genetic engineering, a gene gun or biolistic particle delivery system is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to cells. By coating particles of a heavy metal with a gene of interest and firing these micro-projectiles into cells using mechanical force, an integration of desired genetic...
Gene gun
[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]
1,769
[ "Genetics techniques", "Materials science", "Molecular biology techniques", "Molecular genetics", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Nanotechnology", "Gene delivery" ]
962,035
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic%20refraction
Seismic refraction is a geophysical principle governed by Snell's Law of refraction. The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of seismic waves by rock or soil layers to characterize the subsurface geologic conditions and geologic structure. Seismic refraction is exploited in engineering geology, geotechni...
Seismic refraction
[ "Physics" ]
492
[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Geophysics" ]
962,043
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2035
Messier 35 or M35, also known as NGC 2168 or the Shoe-Buckle Cluster, is a relatively close open cluster of stars in the west of Gemini, at about the declination of the Sun when the latter is at June solstice. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux around 1745 and independently discovered by John Bevis before 1...
Messier 35
[ "Astronomy" ]
430
[ "Gemini (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
962,058
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2036
Messier 36 or M36, also known as NGC 1960 or the Pinwheel Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the somewhat northern Auriga constellation. It was discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654, who described it as a nebulous patch. The cluster was independently re-discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749, then...
Messier 36
[ "Astronomy" ]
452
[ "Auriga", "Constellations" ]
962,075
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2037
Messier 37 (also known as M37, NGC 2099, or the Salt and Pepper Cluster) is the brightest and richest open cluster in the constellation Auriga. It was discovered by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna before 1654. M37 was missed by French astronomer Guillaume Le Gentil when he rediscovered M36 and M38 in ...
Messier 37
[ "Astronomy" ]
451
[ "Auriga", "Constellations" ]
962,091
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2038
Messier 38 or M38, also known as NGC 1912 or Starfish Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Auriga. It was discovered by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654 and independently found by Le Gentil in 1749. The open clusters M36 and M37, also discovered by Hodierna, are often grouped together with ...
Messier 38
[ "Astronomy" ]
398
[ "Auriga", "Constellations" ]
962,118
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2039
Messier 39 or M39, also known as NGC 7092, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Cygnus, sometimes referred to as the Pyramid Cluster. It is positioned two degrees south of the star Pi Cygni and around 9° east-northeast of Deneb. The cluster was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749, then Charles Mess...
Messier 39
[ "Astronomy" ]
276
[ "Cygnus (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
962,123
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superframe
In telecommunications, superframe (SF) is a T1 framing standard. In the 1970s it replaced the original T1/D1 framing scheme of the 1960s in which the framing bit simply alternated between 0 and 1. Superframe is sometimes called D4 Framing to avoid confusion with single-frequency signaling. It was first supported by ...
Superframe
[ "Engineering" ]
790
[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Synchronization" ]
962,130
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnecke%204
Winnecke 4 (also known as Messier 40 or WNC 4) is an optical double star consisting of two unrelated stars in a northerly zone of the sky, Ursa Major. The pair were discovered by Charles Messier in 1764 while he was searching for a nebula that had been reported in the area by Johannes Hevelius. Not seeing any nebulae...
Winnecke 4
[ "Astronomy" ]
365
[ "Ursa Major", "Constellations" ]
962,148
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive%20Cluster
The Beehive Cluster (also known as Praesepe (Latin for "manger", "cot" or "crib"), M44, NGC 2632, or Cr 189), is an open cluster in the constellation Cancer. One of the nearest open clusters to Earth, it contains a larger population of stars than other nearby bright open clusters holding around 1,000 stars. Under dark ...
Beehive Cluster
[ "Astronomy" ]
1,558
[ "Cancer (constellation)", "Constellations" ]
962,152
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%2043
Messier 43 or M43, also known as De Mairan's Nebula and NGC 1982, is a star-forming nebula with a prominent H II region in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It was discovered by the French scientist Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan some time before 1731, then catalogued by Charles Messier in 1769. It is physically ...
Messier 43
[ "Astronomy" ]
431
[ "Constellations", "Orion (constellation)" ]
962,171
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach%20experiment
In quantum physics, the Stern–Gerlach experiment demonstrated that the spatial orientation of angular momentum is quantized. Thus an atomic-scale system was shown to have intrinsically quantum properties. In the original experiment, silver atoms were sent through a spatially-varying magnetic field, which deflected them...
Stern–Gerlach experiment
[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]
2,814
[ "Physics experiments", "Spintronics", "Foundational quantum physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum measurement", "Experimental physics", "Condensed matter physics" ]