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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
7,076,870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myc	Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The Myc family consists of three related human genes: c-myc (MYC), l-myc (MYCL), and n-myc (MYCN). c-myc (also sometimes referred to as MYC) was the first gene to be discovered in this family, due to homology with the viral gene...	Myc	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,358	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
7,077,161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20aurothiomalate	Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin, it is one of only two gold compounds currently employed in modern medicine. Medical uses It is prim...	Sodium aurothiomalate	[ "Chemistry" ]	621	[ "Organic sodium salts", "Thiolates", "Functional groups", "Salts" ]
7,077,416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avidity	In biochemistry, avidity refers to the accumulated strength of multiple affinities of individual non-covalent binding interactions, such as between a protein receptor and its ligand, and is commonly referred to as functional affinity. Avidity differs from affinity, which describes the strength of a single interaction....	Avidity	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	861	[ "Structural biology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Biophysics", "Protein structure" ]
7,078,040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik%20Idestam	Knut Fredrik Idestam (28 October 1838, Tyrväntö, Grand Duchy of Finland – 8 April 1916, Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland) was a Finnish mining engineer and businessman, best known as a founder of Nokia. In May 1865, Idestam obtained a permit to construct a groundwood paper mill at Tampere, Finland. The mill began oper...	Fredrik Idestam	[ "Engineering" ]	200	[ "Mining engineering", "Mining engineers" ]
8,565,964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%20hexafluorophosphate	Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiPF6. It is a white crystalline powder. Production LiPF6 is manufactured by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with hydrogen fluoride and lithium fluoride PCl5 + LiF + 5 HF → LiPF6 + 5 HCl Suppliers include Targray and Morita Chemical Industries...	Lithium hexafluorophosphate	[ "Chemistry" ]	406	[ "Electrochemistry", "Lithium salts", "Electrolytes", "Salts" ]
8,566,056	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20rule%20for%20Kolmogorov%20complexity	The chain rule for Kolmogorov complexity is an analogue of the chain rule for information entropy, which states: That is, the combined randomness of two sequences X and Y is the sum of the randomness of X plus whatever randomness is left in Y once we know X. This follows immediately from the definitions of conditional...	Chain rule for Kolmogorov complexity	[ "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	539	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Applied mathematics", "Mathematical logic", "Computer science", "Information theory", "Computability theory", "Articles containing proofs" ]
8,566,947	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20Symposium%20on%20Biocomputing	The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) is an annual multidisciplinary scientific meeting co-founded in 1996 by Dr. Teri Klein, Dr. Lawrence Hunter and Sharon Surles. The conference is to presentation and discuss research in the theory and application of computational methods for biology. Papers and presentations ...	Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing	[ "Technology", "Biology" ]	327	[ "Computer science", "Computer science conferences", "Computational biology" ]
8,566,976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Years%20of%20potential%20life%20lost	Years of potential life lost (YPLL) or potential years of life lost (PYLL) is an estimate of the average years a person would have lived if they had not died prematurely. It is, therefore, a measure of premature mortality. As an alternative to death rates, it is a method that gives more weight to deaths that occur amon...	Years of potential life lost	[ "Mathematics", "Environmental_science" ]	976	[ "Epidemiology", "Applied mathematics", "Actuarial science", "Environmental social science" ]
8,567,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabrage	Sabrage is a technique for opening a champagne bottle with a saber, used for ceremonial occasions. The wielder slides the saber along the body seam of the bottle to the lip to break the top of the neck away, leaving the neck of the bottle open and ready to pour. The force of the blade hitting the lip breaks the glass ...	Sabrage	[ "Biology" ]	869	[ "Etiquette", "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
8,567,316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic%20spray%20scrubber	Cyclonic spray scrubbers are an air pollution control technology. They use the features of both the dry cyclone and the spray chamber to remove pollutants from gas streams. Generally, the inlet gas enters the chamber tangentially, swirls through the chamber in a corkscrew motion, and exits. At the same time, liquid i...	Cyclonic spray scrubber	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,094	[ "Scrubbers", "Wet scrubbers", "Pollution control technologies", "Environmental engineering" ]
8,567,475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller-compacted%20concrete	Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) or rolled concrete (rollcrete) is a special blend of concrete that has essentially the same ingredients as conventional concrete but in different ratios, and increasingly with partial substitution of fly ash for portland cement. The partial substitution of fly ash for Portland Cement is...	Roller-compacted concrete	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	842	[ "Structural engineering", "Building engineering", "Construction", "Materials", "Building materials", "Concrete", "Matter", "Architecture" ]
8,568,167	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro%20Electronics%2C%20Inc.	Micro Electronics, Inc. (MEI) is an American privately held company headquartered in Hilliard, Ohio. Founded in 1979 by John Baker, it serves as the parent company of the computer retailer Micro Center, its online division Micro Center Online, and its brand iPSG, which houses PowerSpec PC, WinBook, and Inland (includin...	Micro Electronics, Inc.	[ "Technology" ]	156	[ "Computer hardware companies", "Computer systems companies", "Computers", "Computer systems" ]
8,568,920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dupuit%E2%80%93Forchheimer%20assumption	The Dupuit–Forchheimer assumption holds that groundwater flows horizontally in an unconfined aquifer and that the groundwater discharge is proportional to the saturated aquifer thickness. It was formulated by Jules Dupuit and Philipp Forchheimer in the late 1800s to simplify groundwater flow equations for analytical so...	Dupuit–Forchheimer assumption	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	144	[ "Hydrology", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Aquifers", "Environmental engineering", "Hydraulic engineering" ]
8,569,148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade%20filling%20system	A cascade filling system is a high-pressure gas cylinder storage system that is used for the refilling of smaller compressed gas cylinders. In some applications, each of the large cylinders is filled by a compressor, otherwise they may be filled remotely and replaced when the pressure is too low for effective transfer....	Cascade filling system	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,203	[ "Structural engineering", "Chemical equipment", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Pressure vessels" ]
8,569,325	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnat%20ha-Middot	The Mishnat ha-Middot (, 'Treatise of Measures') is the earliest known Hebrew treatise on geometry, composed of 49 mishnayot in six chapters. Scholars have dated the work to either the Mishnaic period or the early Islamic era. History Date of composition Moritz Steinschneider dated the Mishnat ha-Middot to between 8...	Mishnat ha-Middot	[ "Mathematics" ]	747	[ "History of geometry", "Pi", "Geometry" ]
8,569,383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater%20discharge	Groundwater discharge is the volumetric flow rate of groundwater through an aquifer. Total groundwater discharge, as reported through a specified area, is similarly expressed as: where Q is the total groundwater discharge ([L3·T−1]; m3/s), K is the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer ([L·T−1]; m/s), dh/dl is the hy...	Groundwater discharge	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	397	[ "Hydrology", "Aquifers", "Environmental engineering" ]
8,569,924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Tehran%2C%20Department%20of%20Mining%20Engineering	The University of Tehran, Department of Mining Engineering was among the first four engineering departments established in the University of Tehran. The main responsibility of this department as the first formal education institution in mining engineering in Iran, was to train experts and professionals who could help e...	University of Tehran, Department of Mining Engineering	[ "Engineering" ]	241	[ "Schools of mines", "Engineering universities and colleges" ]
8,570,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavitree%20stone	Heavitree stone is a type of breccia stone, red in colour, of very coarse texture and prone to weathering, which occurs naturally in the parish of Heavitree near the City of Exeter in Devon, England. It was quarried in the area from about 1350 to the 19th century, and was used to construct many of Exeter's older buildi...	Heavitree stone	[ "Materials_science" ]	378	[ "Breccias", "Fracture mechanics" ]
8,570,918	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20Energy%20Institute	The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) is a nuclear industry trade association in the United States, based in Washington, D.C. Synopsis The Nuclear Energy Institute represents the nuclear technologies industry. NEI’s stated mission “is to promote the use and growth of nuclear energy through efficient operations and effec...	Nuclear Energy Institute	[ "Engineering" ]	2,039	[ "Nuclear industry organizations", "Nuclear organizations", "Energy organizations" ]
8,571,568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20stars%20in%20Vulpecula	This is the list of notable stars in the constellation Vulpecula, sorted by decreasing brightness. See also List of stars by constellation SGR 1935+2154 Notes References List Vulpecula	List of stars in Vulpecula	[ "Astronomy" ]	42	[ "Lists of stars by constellation", "Vulpecula", "Constellations" ]
8,571,733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%2C%20vibration%2C%20and%20harshness	Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), also known as noise and vibration (N&V), is the study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks. While noise and vibration can be readily measured, harshness is a subjective quality, and is measured either via jury evalua...	Noise, vibration, and harshness	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,530	[ "Structural engineering", "Automotive engineering", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering by discipline", "Mechanical vibrations" ]
8,571,929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking%20room	A smoking room (or smoking lounge) is a room which is specifically provided and furnished for smoking, generally in buildings where smoking is otherwise prohibited. Locations and facilities Smoking rooms can be found in public buildings such as airports, and in semi-public buildings such as workplaces. Such rooms are...	Smoking room	[ "Engineering" ]	369	[ "Rooms", "Architecture" ]
8,571,969	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitaenite	Antitaenite is a meteoritic metal alloy mineral composed of iron (Fe) and 20–40% nickel (Ni), (and traces of other elements) that has a face centered cubic crystal structure. There are three other known Fe-Ni meteoritic minerals: kamacite, taenite, and tetrataenite. The existence of antitaenite as a new mineral speci...	Antitaenite	[ "Chemistry" ]	303	[ "Alloys", "Alloy stubs" ]
8,573,380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czeslaw%20Brzozowicz	Czeslaw Peter Brzozowicz (June 28, 1911 - November 24, 1997) was a consulting engineer for the CN Tower, Toronto-Dominion Centre, first Toronto subway line, among many other construction projects in Canada. Biography Born in Sokolow Malopolski, Poland, in 1911, Brzozowicz graduated in civil engineering from the Univer...	Czeslaw Brzozowicz	[ "Engineering" ]	694	[ "Structural engineering", "Structural engineers" ]
8,573,406	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenothrin	Phenothrin, also called sumithrin and d-phenothrin, is a synthetic pyrethroid that kills adult fleas and ticks. It has also been used to kill head lice in humans. d-Phenothrin is used as a component of aerosol insecticides for domestic use. It is often used with methoprene, an insect growth regulator that interrupts th...	Phenothrin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	639	[ "Endocrine disruptors", "Pests (organism)", "Pest control" ]
8,573,560	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrofluidic%20seal	Ferrofluidic is the brand name of a staged magnetic liquid rotary sealing mechanism made by the Ferrotec Corporation. Ferrofluidic seals, also known as magnetic liquid rotary seals, are employed in various rotating equipment to facilitate rotary motion while ensuring a hermetic seal. This is achieved through a physical...	Ferrofluidic seal	[ "Physics" ]	654	[ "Seals (mechanical)", "Materials", "Matter" ]
8,573,860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ose	The suffix -ose () is used in organic chemistry to form the names of sugars. This Latin suffix means "full of", "abounding in", "given to", or "like". Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively. The suffix is also used more generally in English to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense "full ...	-ose	[ "Chemistry" ]	354	[ "Chemistry suffixes" ]
8,574,103	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20body	In lysosomal digestion, residual bodies are vesicles containing indigestible materials. Residual bodies are either secreted by the cell via exocytosis (this generally only occurs in macrophages), or they become lipofuscin granules that remain in the cytosol indefinitely. Longer-living cells like neurons and muscle cell...	Residual body	[ "Biology" ]	106	[ "Cellular processes" ]
8,574,224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSN%20WiFi%20Hotspots	MSN WiFi Hotspots, previously Windows Live WiFi Hotspot Locator, was a website that helped users to locate wireless Internet hotspots worldwide and view their positions on a map using Live Search Maps. This service has been discontinued as of June 10, 2008. Windows Live WiFi Center Windows Live WiFi Center was part o...	MSN WiFi Hotspots	[ "Technology" ]	290	[ "Wireless networking", "Wi-Fi" ]
8,575,099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intra-frame%20coding	Intra-frame coding is a data compression technique used within a video frame, enabling smaller file sizes and lower bitrates, with little or no loss in quality. Since neighboring pixels within an image are often very similar, rather than storing each pixel independently, the frame image is divided into blocks and the t...	Intra-frame coding	[ "Technology" ]	503	[ "Multimedia", "Computing stubs", "MPEG" ]
8,576,047	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant%20media	Restaurant media is an emerging form of retail media advertising used in cafeterias, fast food and family restaurants and diners and that reaches consumers while they dine. For decades most fast food restaurant chains employed various in-store advertising media such as billboards, posters and paper tray covers and the...	Restaurant media	[ "Technology" ]	2,416	[ "Multimedia", "New media" ]
8,576,385	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20integration	System integration is defined in engineering as the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system, and in information tec...	System integration	[ "Engineering" ]	1,243	[ "Systems engineering", "Telecommunications engineering", "System integration", "Interoperability" ]
6,909,485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20summer%20pool	A full summer pool or full pool is the water level of a reservoir at normal operating conditions. Water levels During droughts or water shortages, the water level can drop below full summer pool. Additionally, water levels may be lowered during the winter season below full summer pool to accommodate snowmelt or season...	Full summer pool	[ "Physics", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	99	[ "Hydrology", "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Civil engineering", "Hydraulic engineering" ]
6,909,493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REAPER	REAPER (Rapid Environment for Audio Production, Engineering, and Recording) is a digital audio workstation, MIDI sequencer and video editing software application created by Cockos. The current version is available for Microsoft Windows (XP and newer), macOS (10.5 and newer), and Linux. REAPER acts as a host to most ind...	REAPER	[ "Engineering" ]	1,923	[ "Audio engineering", "Audio software" ]
6,909,686	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Sadoway	Donald Robert Sadoway (born 7 March 1950) is professor emeritus of materials chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a noted expert on batteries and has done significant research on how to improve the performance and longevity of portable power sources. In parallel, he is an expert on the extracti...	Donald Sadoway	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,329	[ "Solid state chemists" ]
6,909,733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose%20cycle	The glucose cycle (also known as the hepatic futile cycle) occurs primarily in the liver and is the dynamic balance between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. This is important for maintaining a constant concentration of glucose in the blood stream. Function The glucose cycle is required for one of the liver functions; ...	Glucose cycle	[ "Chemistry" ]	536	[ "Metabolic pathways", "Metabolism" ]
6,910,578	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasmic%20male%20sterility	Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in hermaphrodite organisms, as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Male sterility is the failure to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Such male sterility in hermaphrodite populations leads to gynodioecious popula...	Cytoplasmic male sterility	[ "Biology" ]	1,838	[ "Behavior", "Plant reproduction", "Plants", "Reproduction" ]
6,910,700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20road%20drag	The King road drag (also known as the Missouri road drag and the split log road drag) was a simple form of a road grader implemented for grading dirt road. It revolutionized the maintenance of dirt roads in the early 1900s. It was invented by David Ward King, who went by "D. Ward King" and who was a farmer in Holt Town...	King road drag	[ "Engineering" ]	596	[ "Construction", "Road construction" ]
6,910,727	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable%20thermostat	A programmable thermostat is a thermostat which is designed to adjust the temperature according to a series of programmed settings that take effect at different times of the day. Programmable thermostats are also known as setback thermostats or clock thermostats. Benefits Heating and cooling losses from a building (...	Programmable thermostat	[ "Technology" ]	2,269	[ "Home automation", "Temperature control" ]
6,910,868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAR%20domain	In molecular biology, BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes. ...	BAR domain	[ "Biology" ]	693	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
6,910,971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANTH%20domain	The ANTH domain is a membrane binding domain that shows weak specificity for PtdIns(4,5)P2. It was found in AP180 (homologous to CALM) endocytotic accessory protein that has been implicated in the formation of clathrin-coated pits. The domain is involved in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding and is a univers...	ANTH domain	[ "Biology" ]	244	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
6,911,043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENTH%20domain	The epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain is a structural domain that is found in proteins involved in endocytosis and cytoskeletal machinery. Structure This domain is approximately 150 amino acids in length and is always found located at the N-termini of proteins. The domain forms a compact globular structure, comp...	ENTH domain	[ "Biology" ]	555	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
6,911,288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20astronomy%20symbols	This is a compilation of symbols commonly used in astronomy, particularly professional astronomy. Age (stellar) τ - age Astrometry parameters Astrometry parameters Rv - radial velocity cz - apparent radial velocity z - Redshift μ - proper motion π - parallax J - epoch α - Right Ascension δ - Declination λ -...	List of common astronomy symbols	[ "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	686	[ "Astronomy-related lists", "Symbols", "Lists of symbols" ]
6,911,994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S1%20Core	S1 Core (codename Sirocco) is an open source hardware microprocessor design developed by Simply RISC. Based on Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T1, the S1 Core is licensed under the GNU General Public License, which is the license Sun chose for the OpenSPARC project. The main goal of the project is to keep the S1 Core as ...	S1 Core	[ "Technology" ]	260	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer hardware stubs" ]
6,912,505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNI	VNI Software Company is a developer of various education, entertainment, office, and utility software packages. They are known for developing an encoding (VNI encoding) and a popular input method (VNI Input) for Vietnamese on for computers. VNI is often available on computer systems to type Vietnamese, alongside TELEX ...	VNI	[ "Technology" ]	1,585	[ "Natural language and computing", "Character encoding" ]
6,912,901	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaricus%20impudicus	Agaricus impudicus, also known as the tufted wood mushroom, is a mushroom of Agaricus, a genus with many edible species. Description As with all Agaricus species, gills are free, colour progresses with age from pale-pink to a chocolate color, and spores are dark brown. The stipe has a clear annulus (ring). Cap 4–15 c...	Agaricus impudicus	[ "Biology" ]	471	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
6,913,929	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iproclozide	Iproclozide (trade names Sursum, Sinderesin) is an irreversible and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was used as an antidepressant, but has since been discontinued. It has been known to cause fulminant hepatitis and there have been at least three reported fatalities due ...	Iproclozide	[ "Chemistry" ]	132	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
6,914,161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty%20of%20Electrical%20Engineering%20and%20Computing%2C%20University%20of%20Zagreb	The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (, abbr: FER) is a faculty of the University of Zagreb. It is the largest technical faculty and the leading educational facility for research and development in the fields of electrical engineering and computing in Croatia. FER owns four buildings situated in the Zag...	Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb	[ "Engineering" ]	1,277	[ "Electrical and computer engineering departments", "Engineering universities and colleges", "Electrical engineering departments", "Electrical and computer engineering", "Electrical engineering organizations" ]
6,914,199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinode%20%28satellite%29	Hinode (; , , Sunrise), formerly Solar-B, is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Solar mission with United States and United Kingdom collaboration. It is the follow-up to the Yohkoh (Solar-A) mission and it was launched on the final flight of the M-V rocket from Uchinoura Space Center, Japan on 22 September 2006 at 21...	Hinode (satellite)	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,105	[ "Space telescopes" ]
6,914,308	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism%20%28biology%29	Biological or process structuralism is a school of biological thought that objects to an exclusively Darwinian or adaptationist explanation of natural selection such as is described in the 20th century's modern synthesis. It proposes instead that evolution is guided differently, by physical forces which shape the devel...	Structuralism (biology)	[ "Biology" ]	2,115	[ "Evolutionary biology", "Non-Darwinian evolution", "Biology theories" ]
6,915,019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acridine%20yellow	Acridine yellow, also known as acridine yellow G, acridine yellow H107, basic yellow K, and 3,6-diamino-2,7-dimethylacridine, is a yellow dye with strong bluish-green fluorescence. It is a derivate of acridine. In histology, it is used as a fluorescent stain, and as a fluorescent probe for non-invasive measurements of...	Acridine yellow	[ "Chemistry" ]	253	[ "Organic compounds", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
6,915,658	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B%20string%20handling	The C++ programming language has support for string handling, mostly implemented in its standard library. The language standard specifies several string types, some inherited from C, some designed to make use of the language's features, such as classes and RAII. The most-used of these is . Since the initial versions o...	C++ string handling	[ "Mathematics", "Technology" ]	1,816	[ "Sequences and series", "Computer science", "Mathematical structures", "String (computer science)" ]
6,916,227	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature%20pioneering	Miniature Pioneering or Model Pioneering is an art form featuring the miniaturized version of pioneering construction. This technique was originally used by Boy Scouts to create a model for campsite planning. Models are a convenient way to plan a construction project, requiring the same techniques as a full-scale model...	Miniature pioneering	[ "Physics" ]	204	[ "Scale modeling" ]
6,916,598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overwintering	Overwintering is the process by which some organisms pass through or wait out the winter season, or pass through that period of the year when "winter" conditions (cold or sub-zero temperatures, ice, snow, limited food supplies) make normal activity or even survival difficult or near impossible. In some cases "winter" ...	Overwintering	[ "Biology" ]	835	[ "Physiology" ]
6,916,694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20scale	The Sex Orientation Scale (SOS) was Harry Benjamin's attempt to classify and understand various forms and subtypes of transvestism and transsexualism in people assigned male at birth, published in 1966. It was a seven-point scale (with three types of transvestism, three types of transsexualism, and one category for typ...	Benjamin scale	[ "Biology" ]	502	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Behavior", "Sexology" ]
6,916,708	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20companion	In logic, a modal companion of a superintuitionistic (intermediate) logic L is a normal modal logic that interprets L by a certain canonical translation, described below. Modal companions share various properties of the original intermediate logic, which enables to study intermediate logics using tools developed for mo...	Modal companion	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,400	[ "Mathematical logic", "Modal logic" ]
6,916,771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVDS	MVDS is an acronym for terrestrial "Multipoint Video Distribution System". MVDS currently is a part of broader MWS (Multimedia Wireless System) standards. In the European Union MWS works in 10.7–13.5 and 40.5–43.5 GHz frequency bands. Research for 42 GHz frequency has been done under the European Commission EMBRACE (...	MVDS	[ "Technology" ]	221	[ "nan" ]
6,916,790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroacoustic%20analogy	Acoustic analogies are applied mostly in numerical aeroacoustics to reduce aeroacoustic sound sources to simple emitter types. They are therefore often also referred to as aeroacoustic analogies. In general, aeroacoustic analogies are derived from the compressible Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). The compressible NSE ar...	Aeroacoustic analogy	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	434	[ "Computational fluid dynamics", "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics", "Computational physics", "Civil engineering", "Fluid mechanics", "Fluid dynamics stubs", "Fluid dynamics" ]
6,917,139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20diagram	In solid-state physics of semiconductors, a band diagram is a diagram plotting various key electron energy levels (Fermi level and nearby energy band edges) as a function of some spatial dimension, which is often denoted x. These diagrams help to explain the operation of many kinds of semiconductor devices and to visua...	Band diagram	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,624	[ "Electron", "Electronic band structures", "Condensed matter physics" ]
6,917,217	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoinoculation	Autoinoculation is derived from the Latin root words "autos" and "inoculate" that mean "self implanting" or "self infection" or "implanting something from oneself". Autoinoculation can refer to both beneficial medical procedures (e.g. vaccination) as well as non-beneficial or harmful natural processes (e.g. infection o...	Autoinoculation	[ "Biology" ]	401	[ "Virus stubs", "Viruses" ]
6,917,569	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceragon	Ceragon Networks Ltd. is a networking equipment vendor, focused on wireless point-to-point connectivity, mostly used for wireless backhaul by mobile operators and wireless service providers as well as private businesses. History Ceragon was established in 1996 under the name Giganet. It was listed on the NASDAQ on Sep...	Ceragon	[ "Technology" ]	436	[ "Computer hardware companies", "Computers" ]
6,918,599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Bethell	Tom Bethell (; July 17, 1936 – February 12, 2021) was an American journalist who wrote mainly on economic and scientific issues. Life and career Bethell was born and raised in London, England. He was educated at Downside School and Trinity College, Oxford. A resident of the District of Columbia, he lived in Virginia, ...	Tom Bethell	[ "Physics" ]	859	[ "Relativity critics", "Theory of relativity" ]
9,185,833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20descent	Energy descent is a process whereby a society either voluntarily or involuntarily reduces its total energy consumption. Energy descent can be understood in relation to peak oil, in which case there is a theoretical post-peak-oil transitional phase characterized by a descending use of energy. The peak oil energy descen...	Energy descent	[ "Environmental_science" ]	651	[ "Energy economics", "Environmental social science" ]
9,186,994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize%20Barrier%20Reef	The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize, roughly offshore in the north and in the south within the country limits. The Belize Barrier Reef is a long section of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, which is continuous from Cancún on the north-eastern tip of the Yucatán Peni...	Belize Barrier Reef	[ "Biology" ]	936	[ "Biogeomorphology", "Coral reefs" ]
9,188,536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20dope	Aircraft dope is a plasticised lacquer that is applied to fabric-covered aircraft. It tightens and stiffens fabric stretched over airframes, which renders them airtight and weatherproof, increasing their durability and lifespan. The technique has been commonly applied to both full-size and flying models of aircraft. A...	Aircraft dope	[ "Chemistry" ]	966	[ "Coatings" ]
9,188,741	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ena/Vasp%20homology%20proteins	ENA/VASP homology proteins or EVH proteins are a family of closely related proteins involved in cell motility in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. EVH proteins are modular proteins that are involved in actin polymerization, as well as interactions with other proteins. Within the cell, ENA/VASP proteins are found at ...	Ena/Vasp homology proteins	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	451	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Molecular and cellular biology stubs", "Protein classification", "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein domains", "Molecular biology", "Proteins" ]
9,189,659	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20Muscae	Alpha Muscae, Latinized from α Muscae, is a star in the southern circumpolar constellation of Musca. With an apparent visual magnitude of +2.7, it is the brightest star in the constellation. The distance to this star has been determined using parallax measurements, giving an estimate of about from Earth. With a stell...	Alpha Muscae	[ "Astronomy" ]	450	[ "Musca", "Constellations" ]
9,189,674	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuspate%20foreland	Cuspate forelands, also known as cuspate barriers or nesses in Britain, are geographical features found on coastlines and lakeshores that are created primarily by longshore drift. Formed by accretion and progradation of sand and shingle, they extend outwards from the shoreline in a triangular shape. Some cuspate fore...	Cuspate foreland	[ "Physics" ]	2,356	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Physical oceanography" ]
9,189,771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-server	In computer network protocol design, inter-server communication is an extension of the client–server model in which data are exchanged directly between servers. In some fields server-to-server (S2S) is used as an alternative, and the term inter-domain can in some cases be used interchangeably. Protocols Protocols tha...	Inter-server	[ "Technology" ]	359	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer network stubs" ]
9,190,231	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quad%20%28unit%29	A quad is a unit of energy equal to (a short-scale quadrillion) BTU, or (1.055 exajoules or EJ) in SI units. The unit is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. The global primary energy production in 2022 was 637.8 quad, i.e., 672.9 EJ. Conversion Some common types ...	Quad (unit)	[ "Mathematics" ]	256	[ "Quantity", "Units of energy", "Units of measurement" ]
9,190,532	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Norris%20%28technology%20writer%29	Mark Norris is a British consultant in the field of software engineering and telecommunications, noted as for his work writing on technology-related subjects. He gained a doctorate from the University of Glasgow in 1979 and has since worked in Australia, Europe, the Middle East and Japan in the telecommunications ind...	Mark Norris (technology writer)	[ "Engineering" ]	495	[ "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology" ]
9,190,726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ron%20model	In algebraic geometry, the Néron model (or Néron minimal model, or minimal model) for an abelian variety AK defined over the field of fractions K of a Dedekind domain R is the "push-forward" of AK from Spec(K) to Spec(R), in other words the "best possible" group scheme AR defined over R corresponding to AK. They wer...	Néron model	[ "Mathematics" ]	722	[ "Fields of abstract algebra", "Number theory", "Discrete mathematics", "Algebraic geometry" ]
9,191,733	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GT%20Nexus	Infor Nexus (formerly known as GT Nexus) is an independent business unit of Infor LLC offering a multienterprise supply chain network. The on-demand global supply chain management platform and integrated applications are used worldwide by businesses to manage global direct procurement, supplier networks, global logisti...	GT Nexus	[ "Technology" ]	513	[ "Cloud platforms", "Computing platforms" ]
9,192,883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound%20heterozygosity	In medical genetics, compound heterozygosity is the condition of having two or more heterogeneous recessive alleles at a particular locus that can cause genetic disease in a heterozygous state; that is, an organism is a compound heterozygote when it has two recessive alleles for the same gene, but with those two allele...	Compound heterozygosity	[ "Biology" ]	1,245	[ "Genetics" ]
9,192,926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Dconnexion	3Dconnexion is a German manufacturer of human interface devices for manipulating and navigating computer-generated 3D imagery. These devices are often referred to as 3D motion controllers, 3D navigation devices, 6DOF devices (six degrees of freedom) or a 3D mouse. Commonly utilized in CAD applications, 3D modeling, an...	3Dconnexion	[ "Engineering" ]	547	[ "Human–computer interaction", "Human–machine interaction" ]
9,193,086	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip%20counting	Skip counting is a mathematics technique taught as a kind of multiplication in reform mathematics textbooks such as TERC. In older textbooks, this technique is called counting by twos (threes, fours, etc.). In skip counting by twos, a person can count to 10 by only naming every other even number: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. Comb...	Skip counting	[ "Mathematics" ]	115	[ "Mathematical objects", "Numbers", "Number stubs" ]
9,193,185	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryman%20line	In mathematics, a Countryman line (named after Roger Simmons Countryman Jr.) is an uncountable linear ordering whose square is the union of countably many chains. The existence of Countryman lines was first proven by Shelah. Shelah also conjectured that, assuming PFA, every Aronszajn line contains a Countryman line. Th...	Countryman line	[ "Mathematics" ]	118	[ "Set theory", "Mathematical logic", "Mathematical objects", "Infinity", "Mathematical logic stubs", "Order theory" ]
9,193,588	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor%20and%20Pollux%20%28Prado%29	The Castor and Pollux group (also known as the San Ildefonso Group, after San Ildefonso in Segovia, Spain, the location of the palace of La Granja at which it was kept until 1839) is an ancient Roman sculptural group of the 1st century AD, now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. Drawing on 5th- and 4th-century BC Greek sc...	Castor and Pollux (Prado)	[ "Astronomy" ]	1,529	[ "Castor and Pollux", "Astronomical myths" ]
9,194,082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collybia%20personata	Collybia personata (also recognised as Lepista personata, Lepista saeva, Clitocybe saeva and Tricholoma personatum, and commonly known as the field blewit and blue-leg) is a species of edible fungus commonly found growing in grassy areas across Europe and is morphologically related to the wood blewit Collybia nuda (for...	Collybia personata	[ "Biology" ]	758	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
9,194,453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish%20oil	Danish oil is a wood finishing oil, often made of tung oil or polymerized linseed oil. Because there is no defined formulation, its composition varies among manufacturers. Danish oil is a hard drying oil, meaning it can polymerize into a solid form when it reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere. It can provide a hard-we...	Danish oil	[ "Chemistry" ]	354	[ "Varnishes", "Carbohydrates", "Coatings", "Oils" ]
9,194,777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Base%20Station%20Architecture%20Initiative	The Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) was a trade association created by Hyundai, LG Electronics, Nokia, Samsung and ZTE in September 2002 with the aim of creating an open market for cellular network base stations. The hope was that an open market would reduce the development effort and costs traditiona...	Open Base Station Architecture Initiative	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	837	[ "Mobile telecommunications", "Electronic engineering", "Network access" ]
9,194,858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20of%20a%20triangle	In geometry, calculating the area of a triangle is an elementary problem encountered often in many different situations. The best known and simplest formula is where b is the length of the base of the triangle, and h is the height or altitude of the triangle. The term "base" denotes any side, and "height" denotes the ...	Area of a triangle	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	2,173	[ "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Size", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Area" ]
9,195,888	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimastat	Marimastat was a proposed antineoplastic drug developed by British Biotech. It acted as a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Marimastat performed poorly in clinical trials, and development was terminated. This may be, however, a result of targeting cancer at too late of a stage. This is supported by th...	Marimastat	[ "Chemistry" ]	190	[ "Organic compounds", "Functional groups", "Hydroxamic acids" ]
9,196,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CryptoGraf	CryptoGraf is a secure messaging application for smartphones running Symbian OS and Windows Mobile. It allows the user to compose and send SMS and MMS messages that are encrypted and digitally signed using methods that are based on the S/MIME standard. Secure e-mail messaging is not supported. The cryptographic algori...	CryptoGraf	[ "Mathematics" ]	379	[ "Cryptographic software", "Mathematical software" ]
9,196,294	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tend%20and%20befriend	Tend-and-befriend is a purported behavior exhibited by some animals, including humans, in response to threat. It refers to protection of offspring (tending) and seeking out their social group for mutual defense (befriending). In evolutionary psychology, tend-and-befriend is theorized as having evolved as the typical fe...	Tend and befriend	[ "Biology" ]	4,536	[ "Behavior", "Human behavior" ]
9,196,302	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazonov%27s%20theorem	In mathematics, Sazonov's theorem, named after Vyacheslav Vasilievich Sazonov (), is a theorem in functional analysis. It states that a bounded linear operator between two Hilbert spaces is γ-radonifying if it is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. The result is also important in the study of stochastic processes and the Mal...	Sazonov's theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	317	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Theorems in measure theory", "Theorems in functional analysis" ]
9,196,474	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-pan%20salt%20making	Open-pan salt making is a method of salt production wherein salt is extracted from brine using open pans. Virtually all European domestic salt is obtained by solution-mining of underground salt formations, although some is still obtained by the solar evaporation of seawater. Types of open-pan salt production Salt is ...	Open-pan salt making	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,794	[ "Salt production", "Salts" ]
9,197,779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambo	A dambo is a class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas and have river-like branching forms which in themselves are not very large but combined add up to a large area. Dambos have ...	Dambo	[ "Environmental_science" ]	970	[ "Hydrology", "Wetlands" ]
9,198,066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role%20conflict	Role conflict occurs when there are incompatible demands placed upon a person relating to their job or position. People experience role conflict when they find themselves pulled in various directions as they try to respond to the many statuses they hold. Role conflict can be something that can be for either a short per...	Role conflict	[ "Biology" ]	3,118	[ "Behavior", "Aggression", "Human behavior", "Conflict (process)" ]
9,198,927	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20P.A.C.%20Newman	Richard P.A.C. Newman (1955–2000) was a physicist notable for his work in the area of cosmology and general relativity. He completed his PhD in 1979 at the University of Kent at Canterbury under G.C. McVittie with a thesis entitled Singular Perturbations of the Empty Robertson-Walker Cosmologies. He was a research fe...	Richard P.A.C. Newman	[ "Astronomy" ]	640	[ "Astronomers", "Astronomer stubs", "Astronomy stubs" ]
10,686,369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species%20at%20Risk%20Act	The Species at Risk Act (, SARA) is a piece of Canadian federal legislation which became law in Canada on December 12, 2002. It is designed to meet one of Canada's key commitments under the International Convention on Biological Diversity. The goal of the Act is to prevent wildlife species in Canada from disappearing b...	Species at Risk Act	[ "Biology" ]	669	[ "Convention on Biological Diversity", "Biodiversity" ]
10,686,498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact%20parameter	In physics, the impact parameter is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram). It is often referred to in nuclear physics (see Rutherford scattering) and in classical mechanics. The...	Impact parameter	[ "Physics" ]	483	[ "Classical mechanics stubs", "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics" ]
10,686,602	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temafloxacin	Temafloxacin (marketed by Abbott Laboratories as Omniflox) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drug which was withdrawn from sale in the United States shortly after its approval in 1992 because of serious adverse effects resulting in three deaths. It is not marketed in Europe. History Omniflox was approved to treat lower...	Temafloxacin	[ "Chemistry" ]	432	[ "Drug safety", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
10,686,608	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franek	Franek is the oldest oil shaft in the world, located in the village of Bóbrka, Poland. It was dug in 1854 by hand by Ignacy Łukasiewicz. References Oil wells	Franek	[ "Chemistry" ]	41	[ "Petroleum technology", "Oil wells" ]
10,687,965	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoria%20Waterworks	Peoria Waterworks is a building complex built in 1890 for the Peoria, Illinois water system. Architecture The three building site was constructed in 1890 after the publicly owned Peoria Water Company was sold to John T. Moffat and Henry C. Hodgskins. The building was designed in Romanesque Revival style and first sup...	Peoria Waterworks	[ "Chemistry" ]	249	[ "Water treatment", "Water treatment facilities" ]
10,688,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola%20C139	Motorola C139 is a cellular phone designed and manufactured for Motorola by an Original design manufacturer. It addresses people with basic needs, and has limited features. This phone has been offered on AT&T's GoPhone service, TracFone, Cellular One, and Net10. It is primarily focused for prepaid plans, and was claime...	Motorola C139	[ "Technology" ]	141	[ "Mobile technology stubs", "Mobile phone stubs" ]
10,690,566	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesion%20%28geology%29	Cohesion is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction. In soils, true cohesion is caused by following: Electrostatic forces in stiff overconsolidated clays (which may be lost through weathering) Cementing by Fe2O3, Ca CO3, Na Cl, etc. There can also be apparent ...	Cohesion (geology)	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	364	[ "Structural engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Shear strength", "Soil mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
10,691,989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder%20pad%20%28fashion%29	Shoulder pads are a type of fabric-covered padding used in men's and women's clothing to give the wearer the illusion of having broader and less sloping shoulders. In the beginning, shoulder pads were shaped as a semicircle or small triangle and were stuffed with wool, cotton, or sawdust. They were positioned at the to...	Shoulder pad (fashion)	[ "Technology" ]	5,008	[ "Components", "Parts of clothing" ]
10,692,807	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumscribed%20halo	A circumscribed halo is a type of halo, an optical phenomenon typically in the form of a more or less oval ring that circumscribes the circular 22° halo centred on the Sun or Moon. As the Sun rises above 70° it essentially covers the 22° halo. Like many other halos, it is slightly reddish on the inner edge, facing th...	Circumscribed halo	[ "Physics" ]	404	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Atmospheric optical phenomena", "Earth phenomena" ]
10,694,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20oven	Industrial ovens are heated chambers used for a variety of industrial applications, including drying, curing, or baking components, parts or final products. Industrial ovens can be used for large or small volume applications, in batches or continuously with a conveyor line, and a variety of temperature ranges, sizes a...	Industrial oven	[ "Engineering" ]	430	[ "Industrial ovens", "Industrial machinery" ]

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