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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 31 227	text stringlengths 6 334k	source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 71.8k	subcategories listlengths 0 30
1,516,611	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20Copy	Shadow Copy (also known as Volume Snapshot Service, Volume Shadow Copy Service or VSS) is a technology included in Microsoft Windows that can create backup copies or snapshots of computer files or volumes, even when they are in use. It is implemented as a Windows service called the Volume Shadow Copy service. A softwar...	Shadow Copy	[ "Technology" ]	1,757	[ "Windows commands", "Computing commands" ]
1,516,624	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20table%20file	Chemical table file (CT file) is a family of text-based chemical file formats that describe molecules and chemical reactions. One format, for example, lists each atom in a molecule, the x-y-z coordinates of that atom, and the bonds among the atoms. File formats There are several file formats in the family. The forma...	Chemical table file	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,120	[ "Theoretical chemistry", "Computational chemistry", "Chemistry software", "Chemical file formats" ]
1,516,694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-range%20dependence	Long-range dependence (LRD), also called long memory or long-range persistence, is a phenomenon that may arise in the analysis of spatial or time series data. It relates to the rate of decay of statistical dependence of two points with increasing time interval or spatial distance between the points. A phenomenon is usu...	Long-range dependence	[ "Physics" ]	917	[ "Spacetime", "Space", "Spatial analysis" ]
1,516,712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcetri%20Observatory	The Arcetri Observatory () is an astrophysical observatory located in the hilly area of Arcetri on the outskirts of Florence, Italy. It is located close to Villa Il Gioiello, the residence of Galileo Galilei from 1631 to 1642. Observatory staff carry out theoretical and observational astronomy as well as designing an...	Arcetri Observatory	[ "Astronomy" ]	177	[ "Astronomy organizations", "Astronomy institutes and departments" ]
1,516,915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swine%20influenza	Swine influenza is an infection caused by any of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) refers to any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, identified SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influ...	Swine influenza	[ "Biology" ]	7,318	[ "Vaccination", "Vaccine-preventable diseases" ]
1,516,916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20core	A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors, loudspeakers, magnetic recording heads, and magnetic assemblies....	Magnetic core	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	4,958	[ "Electromagnetic radiation", "Physical phenomena", "Radiation", "Radio electronics" ]
1,516,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinematic%20determinacy	Kinematic determinacy is a term used in structural mechanics to describe a structure where material compatibility conditions alone can be used to calculate deflections. A kinematically determinate structure can be defined as a structure where, if it is possible to find nodal displacements compatible with member extensi...	Kinematic determinacy	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	191	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
1,517,049	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidstone%20series	In mathematics, a Lidstone series, named after George James Lidstone, is a kind of polynomial expansion that can express certain types of entire functions. Let ƒ(z) be an entire function of exponential type less than (N + 1)π, as defined below. Then ƒ(z) can be expanded in terms of polynomials An as follows: Here An...	Lidstone series	[ "Mathematics" ]	235	[ "Sequences and series", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical structures", "Series (mathematics)", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Calculus" ]
7,126,735	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heater%20core	A heater core is a radiator-like device used in heating the cabin of a vehicle. Hot coolant from the vehicle's engine is passed through a winding tube of the core, a heat exchanger between coolant and cabin air. Fins attached to the core tubes serve to increase surface area for heat transfer to air that is forced past ...	Heater core	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,500	[ "Chemical equipment", "Heat exchangers" ]
7,127,168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction%20loss	In fluid dynamics, friction loss (or frictional loss) is the head loss that occurs in a containment such as a pipe or duct due to the effect of the fluid's viscosity near the surface of the containment. Engineering Friction loss is a significant engineering concern wherever fluids are made to flow, whether entirely en...	Friction loss	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,900	[ "Mechanical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Force", "Friction", "Physical quantities", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Building engineering", "Chemical engineering", "Surface science", "Civil engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Piping", "Fluid mechanics", "Fluid dynamics"...
7,127,409	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC%20Research	BC Research Inc. is a Canadian process technology incubator, specializing in R&D, chemical process development, clean technology innovation, and technology commercialization. BC Research Inc. (BCRI) is part of the NORAM Group, a vertically integrated group of companies under common Canadian ownership and located in the...	BC Research	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,400	[ "Chemistry laboratories", "Chemical research institutes", "Engineering research institutes" ]
7,127,508	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Prosthetics%20Project	The Open Prosthetics Project (OPP) is an open design effort, dedicated to public domain prosthetics. By creating an online collaboration between prosthetic users and designers, the project aims to make new technology available for anyone to use and customize. On the project's website, medical product designers can pos...	Open Prosthetics Project	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	240	[ "Biological engineering", "Bioengineering stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Medical technology stubs", "Medical technology" ]
7,127,688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest%20%28magazine%29	Nest: A Quarterly of Interiors was a magazine published from 1997 to 2004, for a total run of 26 issues. The first issue was Fall 1997, and the second issue was Fall 1998. Thereafter, the issues were Winter '98-'99, Spring '99, Summer '99, Fall '99, Winter '99-'00, and so on until Fall '04. The founder was Joseph Holtz...	Nest (magazine)	[ "Engineering" ]	456	[ "Design magazines", "Design" ]
7,127,872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagpole	A flagpole, flagmast, flagstaff, or staff is a pole designed to support a flag. If it is taller than can be easily reached to raise the flag, a cord is used, looping around a pulley at the top of the pole with the ends tied at the bottom. The flag is fixed to one lower end of the cord, and is then raised by pulling on ...	Flagpole	[ "Mathematics" ]	981	[ "Symbols", "Flags" ]
7,128,296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmartComputing	Smart Computing was a monthly computing and technology magazine published by Sandhills Publishing Company in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. First released under the name PC Novice, it was published from 1990 to 2013. Content The magazine featured articles, reviews of hardware and software, editorial content and classified a...	SmartComputing	[ "Technology" ]	568	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer magazine stubs" ]
7,128,334	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA%20clean	The RCA clean is a standard set of wafer cleaning steps which need to be performed before high-temperature processing steps (oxidation, diffusion, CVD) of silicon wafers in semiconductor manufacturing. Werner Kern developed the basic procedure in 1965 while working for RCA, the Radio Corporation of America. It involve...	RCA clean	[ "Materials_science" ]	880	[ "Semiconductor device fabrication", "Microtechnology" ]
7,128,429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusicoccin	Fusicoccins are organic compounds produced by a fungus. It has detrimental effect on plants and causes their death. Fusicoccins are diterpenoid glycosides produced by the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali, which is a parasite of mainly almond and peach trees. It stimulates a quick acidification of the plant cell wall; this c...	Fusicoccin	[ "Biology" ]	514	[ "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
7,128,467	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC%20Today	PC Today (Later Cyber Trend) was a monthly mobile computing and technology computer magazine published by Sandhills Publishing Company in Lincoln, Nebraska, US. History and profile The article and editorial content focused primarily around mobile and wireless technologies, notebooks, mobile phones, PDAs, Windows, and ...	PC Today	[ "Technology" ]	180	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer magazine stubs" ]
7,128,600	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20baby%20syndrome	Gray baby syndrome (also termed gray syndrome or grey syndrome) is a rare but serious, even fatal, side effect that occurs in newborn infants (especially premature babies) following the accumulation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been used to treat a variety ...	Gray baby syndrome	[ "Environmental_science" ]	2,174	[ " medicaments and biological substances", "Toxicology", "Poisoning by drugs" ]
7,128,952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A36%20steel	A36 steel is a common structural steel alloy used in the United States. The A36 (UNS K02600) standard was established by the ASTM International. The standard was published in 1960 and has been updated several times since. Prior to 1960, the dominant standards for structural steel in North America were A7 (until 1967)...	A36 steel	[ "Engineering" ]	448	[ "Steels", "Structural engineering", "Alloys", "Structural steel" ]
7,129,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIA-MC-1	The TIA-MC-1 () — Телевизионный Игровой Автомат Многокадровый Цветной (pronounced Televizionniy Igrovoi Automat Mnogokadrovyi Tcvetnoi; meaning Video Game Machine – Multiframe Colour) was a Soviet arcade machine with replaceable game programs and was one of the most famous arcade machines from the Soviet Union. The TIA...	TIA-MC-1	[ "Technology" ]	1,062	[ "Computing in the Soviet Union", "History of computing" ]
7,129,616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucicarmine%20stain	Mucicarmine stain is a staining procedure used for different purposes. In microbiology the stain aids in the identification of a variety of microorganisms based on whether or not the cell wall stains intensely red. Generally this is limited to microorganisms with a cell wall that is composed, at least in part, of a pol...	Mucicarmine stain	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	184	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Carbohydrate chemistry", "Carbohydrate methods" ]
7,130,280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FKBP	The FKBPs, or FK506 binding proteins, constitute a family of proteins that have prolyl isomerase activity and are related to the cyclophilins in function, though not in amino acid sequence. FKBPs have been identified in many eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans, and function as protein folding chaperones for protei...	FKBP	[ "Biology" ]	522	[ "Protein families", "Protein classification" ]
7,130,614	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular%20layer	The muscular layer (muscular coat, muscular fibers, muscularis propria, muscularis externa) is a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis. The Latin, tunica muscularis, may also be used. Structure It usually has two layers...	Muscular layer	[ "Chemistry" ]	433	[ "Membrane biology", "Molecular biology" ]
7,130,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20recognition%20particle%20receptor	Signal recognition particle (SRP) receptor, also called the docking protein, is a dimer composed of 2 different subunits that are associated exclusively with the rough ER in mammalian cells. Its main function is to identify the SRP units. SRP (signal recognition particle) is a molecule that helps the ribosome-mRNA-pol...	Signal recognition particle receptor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	829	[ "Receptors", "Protein targeting", "Cellular processes", "Signal transduction" ]
7,131,166	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations%2C%20administration%2C%20and%20management	Operations, administration, and management or operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M or OAM) are the processes, activities, tools, and standards involved with operating, administering, managing and maintaining any system. This commonly applies to telecommunication, computer networks, and computer hardware. ...	Operations, administration, and management	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	1,223	[ "Information systems", "Computer networks engineering", "Network management", "System administration" ]
7,131,175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatiiformes	The Climatiiformes is an order of extinct fish belonging to the class Acanthodii. Like most other "spiny sharks", the Climatiiformes had sharp spines. These animals were often fairly small in size and lived from the Late Silurian to the Early Carboniferous period. The type genus is Climatius. The order used to be subdi...	Climatiiformes	[ "Biology" ]	176	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
7,131,295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockdown%20texture	Knockdown texture is a drywall finishing style. It is a mottled texture, it has more changes in textures than a simple flat finish, but less changes than orange peel, or popcorn, texture. Knockdown texture is created by watering down joint compound to a soupy consistency. A trowel is then used to apply the joint com...	Knockdown texture	[ "Engineering" ]	273	[ "Construction" ]
7,131,583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERCURE	Mercure can also refer to the chain of hotels run by Accor. See Mercure Hotels. MERCURE is an atmospheric dispersion modeling CFD code developed by Électricité de France (EDF) and distributed by ARIA Technologies, a French company. MERCURE is a version of the CFD software ESTET, developed by EDF's Laboratoire Nationa...	MERCURE	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	407	[ "Atmospheric dispersion modeling", "Environmental modelling", "Environmental engineering" ]
7,132,137	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteucci%20Medal	The Matteucci Medal is an Italian award for physicists, named after Carlo Matteucci from Forlì. It was established to award physicists for their fundamental contributions. Under an Italian Royal Decree dated July 10, 1870, the Italian Society of Sciences was authorized to receive a donation from Carlo Matteucci for the...	Matteucci Medal	[ "Technology" ]	499	[ "Science and technology awards", "Physics awards" ]
7,132,178	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer%27s%20Day	Engineer's Day is observed in several countries on various dates of the year. Country-wise list See also UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development References External links Engineering awards Types of secular holidays January observances February observances March observances April observances May o...	Engineer's Day	[ "Technology" ]	119	[ "Science and technology awards", "Engineering awards" ]
7,132,704	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre%20multi-object%20spectrograph	Fibre multi-object spectrograph (FMOS) is facility instrument for the Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The instrument consists of a complex fibre-optic positioning system mounted at the prime focus of the telescope. Fibres are then fed to a pair of large spectrographs, each weighing nearly 3000 kg. The instrume...	Fibre multi-object spectrograph	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	317	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Telescope instruments", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Computer engineering", "Signal processing", "Electronic test equipment", "Measuring instruments", "Spectrographs", "Astronomical instruments", "Spectroscopy" ]
7,133,120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial%20astronaut	A commercial astronaut is a person who has commanded, piloted, or served as an active crew member of a privately-funded spacecraft. This is distinct from an otherwise non-government astronaut, for example Charlie Walker, who flies while representing a non-government corporation but with funding or training or both comi...	Commercial astronaut	[ "Biology" ]	1,094	[ "Astronauts", "Space-flown life" ]
7,133,473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutation%20matrix	In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the commutation matrix is used for transforming the vectorized form of a matrix into the vectorized form of its transpose. Specifically, the commutation matrix K(m,n) is the nm × mn permutation matrix which, for any m × n matrix A, transforms vec(A) into v...	Commutation matrix	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,047	[ "Matrices (mathematics)", "Linear algebra", "Mathematical objects", "Algebra" ]
7,133,648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covert%20conditioning	Covert conditioning is an approach to mental health treatment that utilizes the principles of applied behavior analysis, or cognitive-behavior therapies (CBTs) to help individuals improve their behavior or inner experience. This method relies on the individual's ability to use imagery for purposes such as mental rehear...	Covert conditioning	[ "Biology" ]	502	[ "Behavior", "Behaviorism" ]
7,133,995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20flow	The Stefan flow, occasionally called Stefan's flow, is a transport phenomenon concerning the movement of a chemical species by a flowing fluid (typically in the gas phase) that is induced to flow by the production or removal of the species at an interface. Any process that adds the species of interest to or removes it ...	Stefan flow	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	694	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Chemical engineering", "Flow regimes", "Fluid dynamics" ]
7,134,343	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owney%20%28dog%29	Owney (ca. 1887 – June 11, 1897) was a terrier mix adopted in the United States as a postal mascot by the Albany, New York, post office about 1888. The Albany mail professionals recommended the dog to their Railway Mail Service colleagues, and he became a nationwide mascot for nine years (1888–1897). He traveled over 1...	Owney (dog)	[ "Technology" ]	2,059	[ "Transport systems", "Postal systems" ]
5,462,075	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision%20tree%20pruning	Pruning is a data compression technique in machine learning and search algorithms that reduces the size of decision trees by removing sections of the tree that are non-critical and redundant to classify instances. Pruning reduces the complexity of the final classifier, and hence improves predictive accuracy by the redu...	Decision tree pruning	[ "Engineering" ]	1,025	[ "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Machine learning" ]
5,463,497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsung	Tsung (formerly known as idx-Tsunami) is a software load testing tool written in the Erlang language and distributed under the GPL license. It can currently stress test HTTP, WebDAV, LDAP, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SOAP and XMPP servers. Tsung can simulate hundreds of simultaneous users on a single system. It can also functio...	Tsung	[ "Technology" ]	260	[ "Benchmarks (computing)", "Computing comparisons", "Computer performance" ]
5,463,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20%28OS/2%29	In the graphical Workplace Shell (WPS) of the OS/2 operating system, a shadow is an object that represents another object. A shadow is a stand-in for any other object on the desktop, such as a document, an application, a folder, a hard disk, a network share or removable medium, or a printer. A target object can have ...	Shadow (OS/2)	[ "Technology" ]	742	[ "Computing platforms", "Computer systems", "OS/2", "Legacy systems", "History of computing" ]
5,463,599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrodynia	Acrodynia is a medical condition which occurs due to mercury poisoning. The condition of pain and dusky pink discoloration in the hands and feet is due to exposure or ingesting of mercury. It was known as pink disease (due to these symptoms) before it was accepted that it was just mercury poisoning. The word acrodyni...	Acrodynia	[ "Environmental_science" ]	896	[ "Toxicology" ]
5,463,779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11P/Tempel%E2%80%93Swift%E2%80%93LINEAR	11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR is a periodic Jupiter-family comet in the Solar System. In 1869 perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.063 AU. Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel (Marseille) originally discovered the comet on November 27, 1869, it was later observed by Lewis Swift (Warner Observatory) on October 11, 1880, ...	11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR	[ "Astronomy" ]	260	[ "Astronomy stubs", "Comet stubs" ]
5,463,848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20program%20analysis	Dynamic program analysis is the act of analyzing software that involves executing a program as opposed to static program analysis, which does not execute it. Analysis can focus on different aspects of the software including but not limited to: behavior, test coverage, performance and security. To be effective, the t...	Dynamic program analysis	[ "Engineering" ]	1,163	[ "Software engineering", "Software testing" ]
5,463,935	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sycamore%20Canyon%20Test%20Facility	Sycamore Canyon Test Facility is a rocket and weapons test site located east of MCAS Miramar in northern San Diego, in Scripps Ranch. A number of weapons contractors have had facilities at the site including Lockheed-Martin, Hughes Aircraft and General Dynamics. The engines for the Atlas missile and Centaur rocket stag...	Sycamore Canyon Test Facility	[ "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	115	[ "Rocketry", "Rocketry stubs", "Astronomy stubs", "Aerospace engineering" ]
5,463,978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20entropy	In mathematics, the topological entropy of a topological dynamical system is a nonnegative extended real number that is a measure of the complexity of the system. Topological entropy was first introduced in 1965 by Adler, Konheim and McAndrew. Their definition was modelled after the definition of the Kolmogorov–Sinai, ...	Topological entropy	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,318	[ "Physical quantities", "Ergodic theory", "Entropy and information", "Entropy", "Topology", "Topological dynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
5,463,983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal%20date	An ordinal date is a calendar date typically consisting of a year and an ordinal number, ranging between 1 and 366 (starting on January 1), representing the multiples of a day, called day of the year or ordinal day number (also known as ordinal day or day number). The two parts of the date can be formatted as "YYYY-DDD...	Ordinal date	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	972	[ "Ordinal numbers", "Calendars", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Mathematical objects", "Spacetime", "Order theory", "Numbers" ]
5,464,288	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluric%20contamination	Telluric contamination is contamination of the astronomical spectra by the Earth's atmosphere. Interference with astronomical observations Most astronomical observations are conducted by measuring photons (electromagnetic waves) which originate beyond the sky. The molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, however, absorb ...	Telluric contamination	[ "Physics", "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	422	[ "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Observational astronomy", "Measurement", "Size", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
5,464,396	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle%20%28chemistry%29	Principle, in chemistry, refers to a historical concept of the constituents of a substance, specifically those that produce a certain quality or effect in the substance, such as a bitter principle, which is any one of the numerous compounds having a bitter taste. The idea of chemical principles developed out of the cl...	Principle (chemistry)	[ "Chemistry" ]	697	[ "Alchemical substances" ]
5,464,635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tioguanine	Tioguanine, also known as thioguanine or 6-thioguanine (6-TG) or tabloid is a medication used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Long-term use is not recommended. It is given by mouth. Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver ...	Tioguanine	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,852	[ "Functional groups", "Thioketones" ]
5,464,960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20inhibitor	An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions necessary for life, in which substrate molecules are converted into products. An enzyme facilitates a specific chemical reaction by binding the substrate to its active site, a special...	Enzyme inhibitor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	8,660	[ "Biochemical reactions", "Cellular processes", "nan", "Medicinal chemistry", "Biochemistry", "Metabolism" ]
5,464,994	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%20inhibitor	A reaction inhibitor is a substance that decreases the rate of, or prevents, a chemical reaction. A catalyst or an Enzyme activator, in contrast, is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. Examples Added acetanilide slows the decomposition of drug-store hydrogen peroxide solution, inhibiting the r...	Reaction inhibitor	[ "Chemistry" ]	448	[ "Catalysis", "Chemical reaction stubs", "Chemical kinetics", "Chemical process stubs" ]
5,465,041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycologia%20Australica	Phycologia Australica, written by William Henry Harvey, is one of the most important 19th-century works on phycology, the study of algae. The work, published in five volumes between 1858 and 1863, is the result of Harvey's extensive collecting along the Australian shores during a three-year sabbatical. By the time Har...	Phycologia Australica	[ "Biology" ]	575	[ "Algae", "Phycology" ]
5,465,118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91nig%27s%20theorem%20%28graph%20theory%29	In the mathematical area of graph theory, Kőnig's theorem, proved by , describes an equivalence between the maximum matching problem and the minimum vertex cover problem in bipartite graphs. It was discovered independently, also in 1931, by Jenő Egerváry in the more general case of weighted graphs. Setting A vertex c...	Kőnig's theorem (graph theory)	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,370	[ "Matching (graph theory)", "Graph theory", "Theorems in discrete mathematics", "Mathematical relations", "Articles containing proofs", "Theorems in graph theory" ]
5,465,213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient%20diagram%20method	In control theory, the coefficient diagram method (CDM) is an algebraic approach applied to a polynomial loop in the parameter space. A special diagram called a "coefficient diagram" is used as the vehicle to carry the necessary information and as the criterion of good design. The performance of the closed-loop system ...	Coefficient diagram method	[ "Mathematics" ]	684	[ "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Polynomials", "Algebra", "Dynamical systems" ]
5,466,491	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylan	Xylan (; ) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is found in plants, in the secondary cell walls of dicots and all cell walls of grasses. Xylan is the third most abundant polysaccharide on Earth, after cellulose and chitin. Composition Xylans ar...	Xylan	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,276	[ "Carbohydrates", "Cell biology", "Polysaccharides" ]
5,466,576	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery%20Console	The Recovery Console is a feature of the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. It provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command-line interface. Its primary function is to enable administrators to recover from situations where Windows does not b...	Recovery Console	[ "Technology" ]	642	[ "Windows commands", "Computing commands" ]
5,466,649	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20manifold	In mathematics, and in particular the study of dynamical systems, the idea of stable and unstable sets or stable and unstable manifolds give a formal mathematical definition to the general notions embodied in the idea of an attractor or repellor. In the case of hyperbolic dynamics, the corresponding notion is that of t...	Stable manifold	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	870	[ "Limit sets", "Space (mathematics)", "Topological spaces", "Topology", "Mechanics", "Manifolds", "Dynamical systems" ]
5,467,149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheating%20%28biology%29	Cheating is a term used in behavioral ecology and ethology to describe behavior whereby organisms receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms. Cheating is common in many mutualistic and altruistic relationships. A cheater is an individual who does not cooperate (or cooperates less than their fair share) but can po...	Cheating (biology)	[ "Biology" ]	5,301	[ "Biological interactions", "Ethology", "Behavior", "nan" ]
5,467,598	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericsson%20R310s	The Ericsson R310s, produced by Ericsson Mobile Communications, now known as Sony Mobile, was a mobile phone produced in the early 2000s, designed for use in environments which might easily damage a standard handset. Björn Andersson was the development lead, and the device had the internal working name of "Marina". De...	Ericsson R310s	[ "Technology" ]	300	[ "Mobile technology stubs", "Mobile phone stubs" ]
5,468,083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weitzenb%C3%B6ck%20identity	In mathematics, in particular in differential geometry, mathematical physics, and representation theory, a Weitzenböck identity, named after Roland Weitzenböck, expresses a relationship between two second-order elliptic operators on a manifold with the same principal symbol. Usually Weitzenböck formulae are implemented...	Weitzenböck identity	[ "Mathematics" ]	708	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical problems", "Mathematical identities", "Mathematical theorems", "Differential operators", "Algebra" ]
5,468,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-opening%20metathesis%20polymerisation	In polymer chemistry, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a type of chain-growth polymerization involving olefin metathesis. The reaction is driven by relieving ring strain in cyclic olefins. A variety of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts have been developed for different polymers and mechanisms. Het...	Ring-opening metathesis polymerisation	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	399	[ "Polymerization reactions", "Polymer chemistry" ]
5,468,630	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe%20pump	A lobe pump, or rotary lobe pump, is a type of positive displacement pump. It is similar to a gear pump except the lobes are designed to almost meet, rather than touch and turn each other. An early example of a lobe pump is the Roots Blower, patented in 1860 to blow combustion air to melt iron in blast furnaces, but no...	Lobe pump	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	688	[ "Physical systems", "Hydraulics", "Turbomachinery", "Pumps" ]
5,469,271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14P/Wolf	14P/Wolf is a periodic comet in the Solar System. Max Wolf (Heidelberg, Germany) discovered the comet on September 17, 1884 () before it passed 0.8 AU from Earth. It was later rediscovered by, but not credited to, Ralph Copeland (Dun Echt Observatory, Aberdeen, Scotland) on September 23. Before approaching Jupiter in...	14P/Wolf	[ "Astronomy" ]	271	[ "Astronomy stubs", "Comet stubs" ]
5,469,332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/305%20%28number%29	305 is the natural number following 304 and preceding 306. In mathematics 305 is an odd composite number with two prime factors. 305 is the convolution of the first 7 primes with themselves. 305 is the fifth hexagonal prism number which is defined by (n+1)(3n2+3n+1). 305 is the hypotenuse of two Pythagorean triples. 3...	305 (number)	[ "Mathematics" ]	106	[ "Mathematical objects", "Number stubs", "Elementary mathematics", "Integers", "Numbers" ]
5,469,882	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral%20enrichment	Behavioral enrichment is an animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality of captive animal care by identifying and providing the environmental stimuli necessary for optimal psychological and physiological well-being. Enrichment can either be active or passive, depending on whether it requires direct con...	Behavioral enrichment	[ "Biology" ]	2,551	[ "Behavioural sciences", "Ethology", "Behavior" ]
5,470,038	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%20by%20Night	The Vampire by Night (Nina Price) is a fictional character that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is the niece to Jack Russell and has the ability to shapeshift into either a werewolf or a vampiress between dusk and dawn. Publication history Vampire by Night first appeared in Amazing Fantasy vol....	Vampire by Night	[ "Biology" ]	666	[ "Fictional hybrids", "Hybrid organisms" ]
5,470,137	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20astrophysics	Nuclear astrophysics studies the origin of the chemical elements and isotopes, and the role of nuclear energy generation, in cosmic sources such as stars, supernovae, novae, and violent binary-star interactions. It is an interdisciplinary part of both nuclear physics and astrophysics, involving close collaboration amo...	Nuclear astrophysics	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	2,176	[ "nan", "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Astrophysics", "Nuclear physics" ]
5,470,239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylophagy	Xylophagy is a term used in ecology to describe the habits of an herbivorous animal whose diet consists primarily (often solely) of wood. The word derives from Greek ξυλοφάγος (xulophagos) "eating wood", from () "wood" and () "to eat". Animals feeding only on dead wood are called sapro-xylophagous or saproxylic. X...	Xylophagy	[ "Biology" ]	444	[ "Eating behaviors", "Herbivory" ]
15,935,893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing%20Talk	The Turing Talk, previously known as the Turing Lecture, is an annual award lecture delivered by a noted speaker on the subject of Computer Science. Sponsored and co-hosted by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and the British Computer Society, the talk has been delivered at different locations in the ...	Turing Talk	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	589	[ "Institution of Engineering and Technology", "Computer science stubs", "Computer science education", "Computer science", "Computing stubs" ]
15,936,128	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilobolus%20crystallinus	Pilobolus crystallinus, commonly known as the "dung cannon" or "hat thrower", is a species of fungus belonging to the Mucorales order. It is unique in that it adheres its spores to vegetation, so as to be eaten by grazing animals. It then passes through the animals' digestive systems and grows in their feces. Although ...	Pilobolus crystallinus	[ "Biology" ]	600	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
15,936,151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patatin	Patatin is a family of glycoproteins found in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and is also known as tuberin as it is commonly found within vacuoles of parenchyma tissue in the tuber of the plant. They consist of about 366 amino acids all making up and isoelectric point of 4.9. They have a molecular weight ranging from 40 t...	Patatin	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,317	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein stubs" ]
15,936,520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20extraction	RNA extraction is the purification of RNA from biological samples. This procedure is complicated by the ubiquitous presence of ribonuclease enzymes in cells and tissues, which can rapidly degrade RNA. Several methods are used in molecular biology to isolate RNA from samples, the most common of these is guanidinium thio...	RNA extraction	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	486	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Genetics techniques", "Separation processes", "Genetic engineering", "Biochemical separation processes" ]
15,936,857	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20landowner%20assistance%20program	Private landowner assistance program (PLAP) is a class of government assistance program available throughout the U.S. for landowners interested in maintaining, developing, improving and protecting wildlife on their property. Each state provides various programs that assist landowners in agriculture, forestry and conser...	Private landowner assistance program	[ "Biology" ]	4,465	[ "Wildlife conservation", "Biodiversity" ]
15,939,094	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JUGENE	JUGENE (Jülich Blue Gene) was a supercomputer built by IBM for Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany. It was based on the Blue Gene/P and succeeded the JUBL based on an earlier design. It was at the introduction the second fastest computer in the world, and the month before its decommissioning in July 2012 it was still a...	JUGENE	[ "Technology" ]	515	[ "Supercomputing in Europe", "Supercomputing" ]
15,939,934	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodobacter%20sphaeroides	Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacterium; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy (photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic) and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light. R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen. It ...	Rhodobacter sphaeroides	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,569	[ "Bacteria", "Photosynthesis", "Phototrophic bacteria" ]
15,939,973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite%20motif%20family	The tripartite motif family (TRIM) is a protein family. Function Many TRIM proteins are induced by interferons, which are important component of resistance to pathogens and several TRIM proteins are known to be required for the restriction of infection by lentiviruses. TRIM proteins are involved in pathogen-recogniti...	Tripartite motif family	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	685	[ "Protein stubs", "Gene expression", "Biochemistry stubs", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
15,939,976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20comparator	An optical comparator (often called just a comparator in context) or profile projector is a device that applies the principles of optics to the inspection of manufactured parts. In a comparator, the magnified silhouette of a part is projected upon the screen, and the dimensions and geometry of the part are measured aga...	Optical comparator	[ "Engineering" ]	1,248	[ "nan" ]
15,940,275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEAO%20Program	The High Energy Astronomy Observatory Program was a NASA program of the late 1970s and early 1980s that included a series of three large low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft for X-ray and Gamma-Ray astronomy and Cosmic-Ray investigations. After launch, they were denoted HEAO 1, HEAO 2 (also known as The Einstein Observatory),...	HEAO Program	[ "Astronomy" ]	910	[ "Space telescopes" ]
15,940,961	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortcut%20model	An important question in statistical mechanics is the dependence of model behaviour on the dimension of the system. The shortcut model was introduced in the course of studying this dependence. The model interpolates between discrete regular lattices of integer dimension. Introduction The behaviour of different proces...	Shortcut model	[ "Physics" ]	1,075	[ "Statistical mechanics" ]
15,941,337	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-domain%20thermoreflectance	Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is a method by which the thermal properties of a material can be measured, most importantly thermal conductivity. This method can be applied most notably to thin film materials (up to hundreds of nanometers thick), which have properties that vary greatly when compared to the same ma...	Time-domain thermoreflectance	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	1,601	[ "Materials testing", "Materials science", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
15,942,369	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugacity%20capacity	The fugacity capacity constant (Z) is used to help describe the concentration of a chemical in a system (usually in mol/m3Pa). Hemond and Hechner-Levy (2000) describe how to utilize the fugacity capacity to calculate the concentration of a chemical in a system. Depending on the chemical, fugacity capacity varies. The c...	Fugacity capacity	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	630	[ "Equilibrium chemistry", "Chemical thermodynamics", "Environmental chemistry", "nan" ]
15,944,225	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20threshold	Ecological threshold is the point at which a relatively small change or disturbance in external conditions causes a rapid change in an ecosystem. When an ecological threshold has been passed, the ecosystem may no longer be able to return to its state by means of its inherent resilience. Crossing an ecological threshold...	Ecological threshold	[ "Biology" ]	525	[ "Ecology terminology" ]
15,944,818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20Table%20Inheritance	Single table inheritance is a way to emulate object-oriented inheritance in a relational database. When mapping from a database table to an object in an object-oriented language, a field in the database identifies what class in the hierarchy the object belongs to. All fields of all the classes are stored in the same t...	Single Table Inheritance	[ "Engineering" ]	213	[ "Software engineering", "Software engineering stubs" ]
15,944,924	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien%20Sandras	Damien Sandras is known in the free software community due to his work on GNOME, more specifically on Ekiga, the leading open-source softphone for the Linux desktop. He is one of the founders of FOSDEM, an event dedicated to free software developers in Europe. FOSDEM was initially created by Raphaël Bauduin under the...	Damien Sandras	[ "Technology" ]	395	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer specialist stubs" ]
15,945,246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolitionism%20%28animal%20rights%29	Abolitionism or abolitionist veganism is the animal rights based opposition to all animal use by humans. Abolitionism intends to eliminate all forms of animal use by maintaining that all sentient beings, humans or nonhumans, share a basic right not to be treated as properties or objects. Abolitionists emphasize that th...	Abolitionism (animal rights)	[ "Technology" ]	1,696	[ "Bioethics", "Ethics of science and technology" ]
15,945,403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifetime%20Homes%20Standards	The Lifetime Homes Standard is a series of sixteen design criteria intended to make homes more easily adaptable for lifetime use at minimal cost. The concept was initially developed in 1991 by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation and Habinteg Housing Association. The administration and technical support on Lifetime Homes i...	Lifetime Homes Standards	[ "Technology" ]	367	[ "Structural system", "Houses" ]
15,945,431	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone%20segment%20navigation	Bone segment navigation is a surgical method used to find the anatomical position of displaced bone fragments in fractures, or to position surgically created fragments in craniofacial surgery. Such fragments are later fixed in position by osteosynthesis. It has been developed for use in craniofacial and oral and maxil...	Bone segment navigation	[ "Biology" ]	1,119	[ "Health informatics", "Medical technology" ]
13,257,850	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyropanoic%20acid	Tyropanoic acid and its salt sodium tyropanoate are radiocontrast agents used in cholecystography (X-ray diagnosis of gallstones). Trade names include Bilopaque, Lumopaque, Tyropaque, and Bilopac. This molecule contains three heavy iodine atoms which obstruct X-rays in the same way as the calcium in bones to produce ...	Tyropanoic acid	[ "Chemistry" ]	123	[ "Pharmacology", "Carboxylic acids", "Functional groups", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Pharmacology stubs" ]
13,257,986	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane%20wave%20expansion%20method	Plane wave expansion method (PWE) refers to a computational technique in electromagnetics to solve the Maxwell's equations by formulating an eigenvalue problem out of the equation. This method is popular among the photonic crystal community as a method of solving for the band structure (dispersion relation) of specific...	Plane wave expansion method	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,482	[ "Computational electromagnetics", "Applied mathematics", "Computational physics", "Computational science", "Electrodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
13,258,353	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmographia%20%28Bernardus%20Silvestris%29	("Cosmography"), also known as ("On the totality of the world"), is a Latin philosophical allegory, dealing with the creation of the universe, by the twelfth-century author Bernardus Silvestris. In form, it is a prosimetrum, in which passages of prose alternate with verse passages in various classical meters. The phil...	Cosmographia (Bernardus Silvestris)	[ "Astronomy" ]	2,619	[ "Cosmogony" ]
13,258,442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom%20center	Phantom center refers to the psycho-acoustic phenomenon of a sound source appearing to emanate from a point between two speakers in a stereo configuration. When the same sound arrives at both ears at the same time with the same intensity, it appears to originate from a point in the center of the two speakers. A differ...	Phantom center	[ "Engineering" ]	256	[ "Audio engineering", "Stereophonic sound" ]
13,258,459	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%2095LX	The HP 95LX Palmtop PC (F1000A, F1010A), also known as project Jaguar, is Hewlett Packard's first DOS-based pocket computer, or personal digital assistant, introduced in April 1991 in collaboration with Lotus Development Corporation. The abbreviation "LX" stood for "Lotus Expandable". The computer can be seen as succes...	HP 95LX	[ "Technology" ]	542	[ "Computing stubs", "Computer hardware stubs" ]
13,259,064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downloading%20the%20Repertoire	Downloading the Repertoire is a 1996 album by American singer John "Jack" Mudurian (May 23, 1929 – September 30, 2013). It consists of an uncut, a cappella field recording of Mudurian, in a stream of consciousness, singing a battery of mostly show tunes, old country-western and folk music, and Tin Pan Alley standards. ...	Downloading the Repertoire	[ "Engineering" ]	1,333	[ "Audio engineering", "Field recording" ]
13,259,181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollard%20pull	Bollard pull is a conventional measure of the pulling (or towing) power of a watercraft. It is defined as the force (usually in tonnes-force or kilonewtons (kN)) exerted by a vessel under full power, on a shore-mounted bollard through a tow-line, commonly measured in a practical test (but sometimes simulated) under tes...	Bollard pull	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,333	[ "Physical phenomena", "Force", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Mass", "Classical mechanics", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Physical properties", "Matter" ]
13,259,237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity%20of%20zero	In mathematics, zero is an even number. In other words, its parity—the quality of an integer being even or odd—is even. This can be easily verified based on the definition of "even": zero is an integer multiple of 2, specifically . As a result, zero shares all the properties that characterize even numbers: for example,...	Parity of zero	[ "Mathematics" ]	5,511	[ "Elementary mathematics", "Arithmetic", "Elementary arithmetic" ]
13,260,616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krivine%E2%80%93Stengle%20Positivstellensatz	In real algebraic geometry, Krivine–Stengle (German for "positive-locus-theorem") characterizes polynomials that are positive on a semialgebraic set, which is defined by systems of inequalities of polynomials with real coefficients, or more generally, coefficients from any real closed field. It can be thought of as a...	Krivine–Stengle Positivstellensatz	[ "Mathematics" ]	635	[ "Theorems in algebraic geometry", "Theorems in geometry" ]
13,261,213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentinan	Lentinan is a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit body of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). Chemistry Lentinan is a β-1,3 beta-glucan with β-1,6 branching. It has a molecular weight of 500,000 Da and specific rotation of +14-22° (NaOH). Research Preclinical studies An in vitro experiment showed lentinan stimu...	Lentinan	[ "Chemistry" ]	247	[ "Carbohydrates", "Polysaccharides" ]
13,261,937	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGG-glucan	Poly-[1-6]--D-glucopyranosyl-[1-3]--D-glucopyranose glucan (PGG glucan, proprietary name Betafectin) is an anti-infective agent and a form or type of beta-glucan. Betafectin is a PGG-glucan, a novel β-(1,6) branched β-(1,3) glucan, purified from the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a macrophage-specific ...	PGG-glucan	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	148	[ "Immunology", "Pharmacology", "Pharmacology stubs", "Medicinal chemistry stubs" ]
13,262,036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20threat	A death threat is a threat, often made anonymously, by one person or a group of people to kill another person or group of people. These threats are often designed to intimidate victims in order to manipulate their behaviour, in which case a death threat could be a form of coercion. For example, a death threat could be ...	Death threat	[ "Biology" ]	537	[ "Behavior", "Violence", "Harassment and bullying", "Aggression", "Human behavior" ]
13,262,080	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyeshtha%20%28nakshatra%29	Jyeshtha ("The Elder" or "Older" in Sanskrit) is the 18th nakshatra or lunar mansion in Hindu astronomy and Vedic astrology associated with the string of the constellation Scorpii, and the stars ε, ζ1 Sco, η, θ, ι1 Sco, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis. Astrology The symbol of Jyeshtha is a circular amulet, umbrella, or ea...	Jyeshtha (nakshatra)	[ "Astronomy" ]	280	[ "Nakshatra", "Constellations" ]

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