id int64 580 79M | url stringlengths 31 175 | text stringlengths 9 245k | source stringlengths 1 109 | categories stringclasses 160
values | token_count int64 3 51.8k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,887,433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20phototransduction | Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction process of the visual system by which light is detected by photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the vertebrate retina. A photon is absorbed by a retinal chromophore (each bound to an opsin), which initiates a signal cascade through several intermediate cells, then... | Visual phototransduction | Chemistry,Biology | 3,259 |
4,981,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytisine | Cytisine, also known as baptitoxine, cytisinicline, or sophorine, is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae. It has been used medically to help with smoking cessation. It has been found effective in several randomized clinical trials, including in... | Cytisine | Chemistry | 986 |
55,148,523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20impact%20of%20silver%20nanoparticles | In 2015, 251 million tubes of toothpaste were sold in the United States. A single tube holds roughly 170 grams of toothpaste, so approximately 43 kilotonnes of toothpaste get washed into the water systems annually. Toothpaste contains silver nanoparticles, also known as nanosilver or AgNPs, among other compounds.
Each... | Environmental impact of silver nanoparticles | Chemistry,Environmental_science | 2,674 |
36,443,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavulina%20griseohumicola | Clavulina griseohumicola is a species of fungus in the family Clavulinaceae. Described as new to science in 2005, it occurs in Guyana.
References
External links
Fungi described in 2005
Fungi of Guyana
griseohumicola
Fungus species | Clavulina griseohumicola | Biology | 54 |
11,684,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20tricinctum | Fusarium tricinctum is a fungal and plant pathogen of various plant diseases worldwide, especially in temperate regions.
It is found on many crops in the world including malt barley (Andersen et al., 1996), and cereals (Chelkowski et al., 1989; Bottalico and Perrone, 2002; Kosiak et al., 2003; and Wiśniewska et al., 2... | Fusarium tricinctum | Biology | 157 |
59,051,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha%20de%20Ferro | Ilha de Ferro ( Iron Island) is a Brazilian drama streaming television series created by Max Mallmann and Adriana Lunardi for Globoplay. Directed by Afonso Poyart, and produced by TV Globo's production division Estúdios Globo, it premiered on the streaming service on November 14, 2018.
The series follows the story of ... | Ilha de Ferro | Chemistry | 490 |
53,268,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS-1%20silencer | The PBS-1 is a silencer designed for the 7.62x39mm AKM variant of the Soviet AK-47 assault rifle in the Kalashnikov rifle family. It is in diameter and long.
History
The PBS-1 silencer, designed for use with the AKM to reduce the noise when firing, was introduced in the 1960s, and was used mostly by Spetsnaz forces... | PBS-1 silencer | Technology | 309 |
547,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribulose%201%2C5-bisphosphate | Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis, notably as the principal acceptor in plants. It is a colourless anion, a double phosphate ester of the ketopentose (ketone-containing sugar with five carbon atoms) called ribulose. Salts of RuBP can be isolated, but its crucia... | Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate | Chemistry,Biology | 897 |
3,190,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip%20growth | Tip growth is an extreme form of polarised growth of living cells that results in an elongated cylindrical cell morphology with a rounded tip at which the growth activity takes place. Tip growth occurs in algae (e.g., Acetabularia acetabulum), fungi (hyphae) and plants (e.g. root hairs and pollen tubes).
Tip growth is... | Tip growth | Biology | 235 |
26,597,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairwise%20summation | In numerical analysis, pairwise summation, also called cascade summation, is a technique to sum a sequence of finite-precision floating-point numbers that substantially reduces the accumulated round-off error compared to naively accumulating the sum in sequence. Although there are other techniques such as Kahan summat... | Pairwise summation | Mathematics | 1,534 |
22,731,864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroid%20dermatitis | Hydroid dermatitis is a cutaneous condition that occurs after contact with the small marine hydroid Halecium.
See also
Sea anemone dermatitis
List of cutaneous conditions
References
Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin
Animal attacks | Hydroid dermatitis | Biology | 56 |
4,698,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/184%20%28number%29 | 184 (one hundred [and] eighty-four) is the natural number following 183 and preceding 185.
In mathematics
There are 184 different Eulerian graphs on eight unlabeled vertices, and 184 paths by which a chess rook can travel from one corner of a 4 × 4 chessboard to the opposite corner without passing through the same squ... | 184 (number) | Mathematics | 108 |
9,256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma%20machine | The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used ... | Enigma machine | Physics,Technology | 12,736 |
7,853,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slotoxin | Slotoxin is a peptide from Centruroides noxius Hoffmann scorpion venom. It belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily.
Method of isolation
For isolation of slotoxin, scorpions of the species Centruroides noxius are milked for venom in the laboratory. The crude venom is being dissolved in distilled water and spun... | Slotoxin | Chemistry | 600 |
6,927,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroazeotrope | A heteroazeotrope is an azeotrope where the vapour phase coexists with two liquid phases.
Sketch of a T-x/y equilibrium curve of a typical heteroazeotropic mixture
Examples of heteroazeotropes
Benzene - Water NBP 69.2 °C
Dichloromethane - Water NBP 38.5 °C
n-Butanol - Water NBP 93.5 °C
Toluene - Water NBP 82 °C
Co... | Heteroazeotrope | Physics,Chemistry | 960 |
59,055,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiawatha%20Glacier | Hiawatha Glacier is a glacier in northwest Greenland, with its terminus in Inglefield Land. It was mapped in 1922 by Lauge Koch, who noted that the glacier tongue extended into Lake Alida (near Foulk Fjord). Hiawatha Glacier attracted attention in 2018 because of the discovery of a crater beneath the surface of the ice... | Hiawatha Glacier | Biology | 349 |
35,027,733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomarose | Pomarose is a high-impact captive odorant patented by Givaudan. It is a double-unsaturated ketone that does not occur in nature. Pomarose has a powerful fruity rose odor with nuances of apples, plums and raisins, which is almost entirely due to the (2E,5Z)-stereoisomer, while its (2E,5E)-isomer is barely detectable for... | Pomarose | Chemistry | 426 |
34,137,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C13H19NOS | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C13H19NOS}}
The molecular formula C13H19NOS (molar mass: 237.361 g/mol, exact mass: 237.1187 u) may refer to:
α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone
SIB-1553A | C13H19NOS | Chemistry | 70 |
21,859,341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological%20rule | A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process in linguistics. Phonological rules are commonly used in generative phonology as a notation to capture sound-related operations and computations the human brain performs when producing or comprehending spoken langu... | Phonological rule | Mathematics | 2,023 |
7,658,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor%20complex%20subunit%20DGCR8 | The microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene. In other animals, particularly the common model organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, the protein is known as Pasha (partner of Drosha). It is a required componen... | Microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 | Biology | 349 |
19,123,538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XL1 | XL1 is the second solo album by Buzzcocks frontman Pete Shelley. It was released in 1983 and reached number 42 in the UK Albums Chart, remaining in that listing for four weeks. The single "Telephone Operator" charted at No. 66 in the UK Singles Chart, making it his biggest single release there. The original release was... | XL1 | Engineering | 664 |
7,529,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw%20conveyor | A screw conveyor or auger conveyor is a mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw blade, called a "flighting", usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular materials. They are used in many bulk handling industries. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline as an effic... | Screw conveyor | Engineering | 1,267 |
59,976,010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinian%20threshold | Darwinian threshold or Darwinian transition is a term introduced by Carl Woese to describe a transition period during the evolution of the first cells when genetic transmission moves from a predominantly horizontal mode to a vertical mode. The process starts when the ancestors of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (the... | Darwinian threshold | Biology | 700 |
935,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanism | Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life.
Man... | Urbanism | Engineering | 827 |
39,597,334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond%20Bonan | Edmond Bonan (born 27 January 1937 in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine) is a French mathematician, known particularly for his work on special holonomy.
Although not a single example
of G2 manifold or Spin(7) manifold had been discovered until thirty years later, Edmond Bonan nonetheless made a useful contribution by showi... | Edmond Bonan | Physics,Mathematics | 274 |
55,217,025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204630 | NGC 4630 is an irregular galaxy located about 54 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4630 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786. NGC 4630 is part of the Virgo II Groups which form a southern extension of the Virgo Cluster.
See also
List of NGC objects (4001–5000)
... | NGC 4630 | Astronomy | 102 |
38,628,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/109%20Tauri | 109 Tauri, or n Tauri, is a single, yellow-hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.96 and is faintly visible to the naked eye. The star has an annual parallax shift of , putting it around 247 light years from the Sun. At that distance, the visual magnitude is diminished... | 109 Tauri | Astronomy | 268 |
54,898,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204340 | NGC 4340 is a double-barred lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Coma Berenices. NGC 4340 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 21, 1784. NGC 4340 is a member of the Virgo Cluster. NGC 4340 is generally thought to be in a pair with the galaxy NGC 4350.
Ph... | NGC 4340 | Astronomy | 310 |
37,887,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIBA%20Product%20Selector |
RIBA Product Selector was a directory of construction product manufacturers and advisory organisations used by architects and other construction industry professionals to specify building products. The product was retired in July 2020, and how now been replaced by NBS Source.
Background
RIBA Product Selector was a... | RIBA Product Selector | Engineering | 398 |
4,022,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Chinese%20administrative%20divisions%20by%20life%20expectancy |
Global Data Lab (2019–2022)
This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) in order of their life expectancy in 2019–2022, including all provinces and autonomous regions, but not including special administrative regions.
Chinese Center for Disease Control and P... | List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy | Biology | 200 |
216,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisyworld | Daisyworld (originally "Daisy World"), a term of reference in evolutionary and population ecology, derives from research on aspects of "coupling" between an ecosphere's biota and its planetary environment, in particular via mathematical modeling and computer simulation, research dating to a series of 1982-1983 symposia... | Daisyworld | Biology | 2,384 |
22,539,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication%20rights | Communication rights involve freedom of opinion and expression, democratic media governance, media ownership and media control, participation in one's own culture, linguistic rights, rights to education, privacy, assemble, and self-determination. They are also related inclusion and exclusion, quality and accessibili... | Communication rights | Biology | 1,835 |
7,531,185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20space%20exploration | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to space exploration.
Space exploration – use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft.
Essence of space exploration
Space exploration... | Outline of space exploration | Astronomy | 1,385 |
72,663,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/84%20Ursae%20Majoris | 84 Ursae Majoris, also known as HD 120198, is a star about 300 light years from the Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major. It is a 5th magnitude star, making it faintly visible to the naked eye of an observer far from city lights. It is an Ap star with an 1,100 gauss magnetic field, and an α2 CVn variable star, varyin... | 84 Ursae Majoris | Astronomy | 378 |
34,159,624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple%20Console%20Time%20Sharing%20System | The Multiple Console Time Sharing System (MCTS) was an operating system developed by General Motors Research Laboratories in the 1970s for the Control Data Corporation STAR-100 supercomputer. MCTS was built to support GM's computer-aided design (CAD) applications.
MCTS was designed starting in 1968. It was written in ... | Multiple Console Time Sharing System | Technology | 177 |
6,855,178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arches%20Cluster | The Arches Cluster is the densest known star cluster in the Milky Way, about 100 light-years from its center in the constellation Sagittarius (The Archer), 25,000 light-years from Earth. Its discovery was reported by Nagata et al. in 1995, and independently by Cotera et al. in 1996.
Due to extremely heavy optical extin... | Arches Cluster | Astronomy | 560 |
14,052,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropeptide%20B/W%20receptor | The neuropeptide B/W receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which bind the neuropeptides B and W. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the CNS and have a number of functions including regulation of the secretion of cortisol.
References
External link... | Neuropeptide B/W receptor | Chemistry | 72 |
14,891,304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20family%20of%20acceptors | An abstract family of acceptors (AFA) is a grouping of generalized acceptors. Informally, an acceptor is a device with a finite state control, a finite number of input symbols, and an internal store with a read and write function. Each acceptor has a start state and a set of accepting states. The device reads a sequenc... | Abstract family of acceptors | Mathematics | 855 |
8,527,028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20phosphate | Potassium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of potassium and phosphate ions including:
Monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) (Molar mass approx: 136 g/mol)
Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (Molar mass approx: 174 g/mol)
Tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4) (Molar mass approx: 212.27 g/mol)
As food additives, potassium ... | Potassium phosphate | Chemistry | 117 |
39,655,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamot%20essential%20oil | Bergamot essential oil is a cold-pressed essential oil produced by cells inside the rind of a bergamot orange fruit. It is a common flavouring and top note in perfumes. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note.
Production
The sfumatura or slow-folding process... | Bergamot essential oil | Chemistry | 1,592 |
24,154,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C11H14N2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C11H14N2}}
The molecular formula C11H14N2 (molar mass: 174.24 g/mol, exact mass: 174.115698) may refer to:
6-(2-Aminopropyl)indole
Gramine
5-IT
α-Methylisotryptamine
5-Methyltryptamine
α-Methyltryptamine
N-Methyltryptamine | C11H14N2 | Chemistry | 94 |
42,116,377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%201807 | NGC 1807 is an asterism at the border of the constellations Orion and Taurus near the open cluster NGC 1817. NGC 1807 has an apparent size of 5.4' and an apparent magnitude of 7.0.
References
External links
1807
Orion (constellation)
Taurus (constellation) | NGC 1807 | Astronomy | 60 |
62,534,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20structure | The local structure is a term in nuclear spectroscopy that refers to the structure of the nearest neighbours around an atom in crystals and molecules. E.g. in crystals the atoms order in a regular fashion on wide ranges to form even gigantic highly ordered crystals (Naica Mine). However, in reality, crystals are never ... | Local structure | Physics,Chemistry,Materials_science,Engineering | 424 |
341,782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarsdale%20diet | The Scarsdale diet, a high-protein low-carbohydrate fad diet designed for weight loss, created in the 1970s by Herman Tarnower and named for the town in New York where he practiced cardiology, is described in the book The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet Plus Dr. Tarnower's Lifetime Keep-Slim Program. Tarnower wrote the... | Scarsdale diet | Chemistry | 509 |
48,962,287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A4u | In the south German language (of the Alemannic-speaking area, or in Switzerland), a gäu landscape (gäulandschaft) refers to an area of open, level countryside. These regions typically have fertile soils resulting from depositions of loess (an exception is the Arme Gäue ["Poor Gäus"] of the Baden-Württemberg Gäu).
The ... | Gäu | Biology | 217 |
16,818,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAF%20Stability%20and%20Control%20DATCOM | The United States Air Force Stability and Control DATCOM is a collection, correlation, codification, and recording of best knowledge, opinion, and judgment in the area of aerodynamic stability and control prediction methods. It presents substantiated techniques for use (1) early in the design or concept study phase, (2... | USAF Stability and Control DATCOM | Chemistry,Engineering | 664 |
18,021,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neera | Neera, also called palm nectar, is a sap extracted from the inflorescence of various species of toddy palms and used as a drink. Neera extraction is generally performed before sunrise. It is sweet, translucent in colour. It is susceptible to natural fermentation at ambient temperature within a few hours of extraction,... | Neera | Biology | 1,102 |
21,733,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Chemical%20%26%20Engineering%20Data | The Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1956 by the American Chemical Society. JCED is currently indexed in: Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, British Library, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and SwetsWise.
The current Editor is J. Il... | Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data | Chemistry,Engineering | 124 |
330,604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoidal%20category | In mathematics, a monoidal category (or tensor category) is a category equipped with a bifunctor
that is associative up to a natural isomorphism, and an object I that is both a left and right identity for ⊗, again up to a natural isomorphism. The associated natural isomorphisms are subject to certain coherence condit... | Monoidal category | Mathematics | 2,355 |
5,292,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%28II%29%20fluoride | Lead(II) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula PbF2. It is a white solid. The compound is polymorphic, at ambient temperatures it exists in orthorhombic (PbCl2 type) form, while at high temperatures it is cubic (Fluorite type).
Preparation
Lead(II) fluoride can be prepared by treating lead(II) hydroxid... | Lead(II) fluoride | Chemistry | 371 |
21,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric%20acid | Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the solution conta... | Nitric acid | Chemistry | 4,754 |
76,122,044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmithKline%20Beecham%20Clinical%20Laboratories | SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories (SBCL) was an American-based medical laboratory company that was acquired by Quest Diagnostics in 1999 for $1.3 billion.
Controversies
In 1989, SBCL had to pay a $1.5 million fine for illegal laboratory referral kickbacks.
In 1997, Operation LabScam forced SBCL to agree to pay... | SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories | Biology | 172 |
75,213,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Pereira | Maria Pereira (born 1986, Leiria, Portugal) is a Portuguese bioengineering scientist, creator of a glue to close open wounds without damaging tissues.
Biography
She was born in 1986 in Leiria. She holds a degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Coimbra, in Portugal, and a PhD in Bioengineering from t... | Maria Pereira | Engineering,Biology | 460 |
65,869,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20evaluation%20of%20time | In organizational behavior and psychology, Economic evaluation of time refers to perceiving of time in terms of money. (Other forms of evaluation of time are concerned with costs and benefits to the general community of changes in time-dependent activities.)
When a person evaluates their time in monetary terms, time... | Economic evaluation of time | Physics,Biology | 5,251 |
1,569,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20192263 | HD 192263 is a star with an orbiting exoplanet in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. The system is located at a distance of 64 light years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of −10.7 km/s. It has an absolute magnitude of 6.36, but at that distance the a... | HD 192263 | Astronomy | 562 |
33,559,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly%20Logunov | Anatoly Alekseyevich Logunov (; December 30, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Bogolyubov Prize in 1996.
Biography
Anatoly Logunov was born in Obsharovka village, now in Privolzhsky Dist... | Anatoly Logunov | Physics | 1,329 |
28,452,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20ice%20emissivity%20modelling | With increased interest in sea ice and its effects on the global climate, efficient methods are required to monitor both its extent and exchange processes. Satellite-mounted, microwave radiometers, such SSMI, AMSR and AMSU, are an ideal tool for the task because they can see through cloud cover, and they have frequent... | Sea ice emissivity modelling | Physics,Engineering | 1,478 |
2,924,960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odious%20number | In number theory, an odious number is a positive integer that has an odd number of 1s in its binary expansion. Nonnegative integers that are not odious are called evil numbers.
In computer science, an odious number is said to have odd parity.
Examples
The first odious numbers are:
Properties
If denotes the th odiou... | Odious number | Mathematics | 272 |
7,620,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20reaction | An elementary reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form products in a single reaction step and with a single transition state. In practice, a reaction is assumed to be elementary if no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated to describe the r... | Elementary reaction | Physics,Chemistry | 392 |
13,747,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Showman%27s%20road%20locomotive | A showman's road locomotive or showman's engine is a steam-powered road-going 'locomotive' designed to provide power and transport for a travelling funfair or circus. Similar to other road-going traction engines, showman's engines were normally distinguished by the addition of a full-length canopy, a dynamo mounted in ... | Showman's road locomotive | Engineering | 2,389 |
3,758,628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub%E2%80%93steppe | Shrub-steppe is a type of low-rainfall natural grassland. While arid, shrub-steppes have sufficient moisture to support a cover of perennial grasses or shrubs, a feature which distinguishes them from deserts.
The primary ecological processes historically at work in shrub-steppe ecosystems are drought and fire. Shrub-s... | Shrub–steppe | Biology | 724 |
51,910,723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation%20banking | Conservation banking is an environmental market-based method designed to offset adverse effects, generally, to species of concern, are threatened, or endangered and protected under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) through the creation of conservation banks. Conservation banking can be viewed as a method o... | Conservation banking | Chemistry,Engineering | 2,594 |
22,734,942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20science%20and%20technology%20in%20Africa | Africa has the world's oldest record of human technological achievement: the oldest surviving stone tools in the world have been found in eastern Africa, and later evidence for tool production by humans' hominin ancestors has been found across West, Central, Eastern and Southern Africa. The history of science and techn... | History of science and technology in Africa | Technology | 22,271 |
17,960,231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20signal%20processing | Algebraic signal processing (ASP) is an emerging area of theoretical signal processing (SP). In the algebraic theory of signal processing, a set of filters is treated as an (abstract) algebra, a set of signals is treated as a module or vector space, and convolution is treated as an algebra representation. The advantage... | Algebraic signal processing | Mathematics,Technology,Engineering | 911 |
4,219,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andon%20%28manufacturing%29 | In manufacturing, andon () is a system which notifies managerial, maintenance, and other workers of a quality or process problem. The alert can be activated manually by a worker using a pullcord or button or may be activated automatically by the production equipment itself. The system may include a means to pause produ... | Andon (manufacturing) | Engineering | 568 |
14,271,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk%20temperature | In thermofluids dynamics, the bulk temperature, or the average bulk temperature in the thermal fluid, is a convenient reference point for evaluating properties related to convective heat transfer, particularly in applications related to flow in pipes and ducts.
The concept of the bulk temperature is that adiabatic mix... | Bulk temperature | Physics,Chemistry | 109 |
12,918,103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenarchaeum | Cenarchaeum is a monotypic genus of archaeans in the family Cenarchaeaceae. The marine archaean Cenarchaeum symbiosum is psychrophilic and is found inhabiting marine sponges. Cenarchaeum symbiosum was initially detected as a major symbiotic microorganism living within (it is an endosymbiont of) the sponge Axinella mexi... | Cenarchaeum | Biology | 272 |
36,197,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misleading%20graph | In statistics, a misleading graph, also known as a distorted graph, is a graph that misrepresents data, constituting a misuse of statistics and with the result that an incorrect conclusion may be derived from it.
Graphs may be misleading by being excessively complex or poorly constructed. Even when constructed to disp... | Misleading graph | Technology | 3,002 |
184,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biefeld%E2%80%93Brown%20effect | The Biefeld–Brown effect is an electrical phenomenon, first noticed by inventor Thomas Townsend Brown in the 1920s, where high voltage applied to the electrodes of an asymmetric capacitor causes a net propulsive force toward the smaller electrode. Brown believed this effect was an anti-gravity force, and referred to as... | Biefeld–Brown effect | Physics,Astronomy | 2,584 |
3,893,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference%20hierarchy | In set theory, a branch of mathematics, the difference hierarchy over a pointclass is a hierarchy of larger pointclasses
generated by taking differences of sets. If Γ is a pointclass, then the set of differences in Γ is . In usual notation, this set is denoted by 2-Γ. The next level of the hierarchy is denoted by 3-Γ a... | Difference hierarchy | Mathematics | 156 |
19,788,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapsing%20sequence | A collapsing sequence occurs in human speech when utterance pairs between speakers have some unspoken thought occurring between them that may make the latter phrase, out of context, seem to have no logical connection to the former; there is, however, an implication that logical thought has occurred between the two phra... | Collapsing sequence | Biology | 376 |
19,134,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-scratch%20coating | Anti-scratch coating is a type of protective coating or film applied to an object's surface for mitigation against scratches. Scratches are small surface-level cuts left on a surface following interaction with a sharper object. Anti-scratch coatings provide scratch resistances by containing tiny microscopic materials w... | Anti-scratch coating | Materials_science,Mathematics | 1,934 |
7,922,789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frond%20dimorphism | Frond dimorphism refers to a difference in ferns between the fertile and sterile fronds. Since ferns, unlike flowering plants, bear spores on the leaf blade itself, this may affect the form of the frond itself. In some species of ferns, there is virtually no difference between the fertile and sterile fronds, such as in... | Frond dimorphism | Biology | 328 |
14,272,194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Venant%27s%20theorem | In solid mechanics, it is common to analyze the properties of beams with constant cross section. Saint-Venant's theorem states that the simply connected cross section with maximal torsional rigidity is a circle. It is named after the French mathematician Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant.
Given a simply conne... | Saint-Venant's theorem | Physics,Materials_science,Mathematics | 224 |
66,742,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20decoherence | Gravitational decoherence is a term for hypothetical mechanisms by which gravitation can act on quantum mechanical systems to produce decoherence. Advocates of gravitational decoherence include Frigyes Károlyházy, Roger Penrose and Lajos Diósi.
A number of experiments have been proposed to test the gravitational deco... | Gravitational decoherence | Physics | 119 |
75,204,730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline%20Sherman | Pauline Mont Sherman was an American aerospace engineer and academic. She was the first female Professor in the College of Engineering at the University of Michigan and also the first woman to become Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan. Her research focuses on jet noise, low-density flows, ... | Pauline Sherman | Engineering | 1,260 |
10,997,772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSI-DOS | CSI-DOS is an operating system, created in Samara, for the Soviet Elektronika BK-0011M and Elektronika BK-0011 microcomputers. CSI-DOS did not support the earlier BK-0010. CSI-DOS used its own unique file system and only supported a color graphics video mode. The system supported both hard and floppy drives as well as ... | CSI-DOS | Technology | 203 |
40,462,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoopes%20process | The Hoopes process is a metallurgical process, used to obtain aluminium metal of very high purity (about 99.99% pure). The process was patented by William Hoopes, a chemist of the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA), in 1925.
Introduction
It is a method used to obtain aluminium of very high purity. The metal obtained ... | Hoopes process | Chemistry,Materials_science | 309 |
6,850,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen%20Lenstra | Arjen Klaas Lenstra (born 2 March 1956, in Groningen) is a Dutch mathematician, cryptographer and computational number theorist. He is a professor emeritus from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) where he headed of the Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms.
Career
He studied mathematics at the Univer... | Arjen Lenstra | Mathematics | 561 |
12,251,618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20E.%20Brandenberger | Jacques Edwin Brandenberger (19 October 1872 – 13 July 1954) was a Swiss chemist and textile engineer who in 1908 invented cellophane. He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1937.
Brandenberger was born in Zurich in 1872. He graduated from the University of Bern in 1895. In 1908 Brandenberge... | Jacques E. Brandenberger | Chemistry | 187 |
42,327,008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allomyces | Allomyces is a genus of fungi in the family Blastocladiaceae. It was circumscribed by British mycologist Edwin John Butler in 1911. Species in the genus have a polycentric thallus and reproduce sexually or asexually by zoospores that have a whiplash-like flagella. They are mostly isolated from soils in tropical countri... | Allomyces | Biology | 1,091 |
9,088,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Burk | Dean Turner Burk (March 21, 1904 – October 6, 1988) was an American biochemist, medical researcher, and a cancer researcher at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute and the National Cancer Institute. In 1934, he developed the Lineweaver–Burk plot together with Hans Lineweaver. Lineweaver and Burk collaborated with the eminent s... | Dean Burk | Chemistry | 641 |
44,495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20motor | A linear motor is an electric motor that has had its stator and rotor "unrolled", thus, instead of producing a torque (rotation), it produces a linear force along its length. However, linear motors are not necessarily straight. Characteristically, a linear motor's active section has ends, whereas more conventional moto... | Linear motor | Physics,Technology,Engineering | 3,216 |
48,432,307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leccinum%20barrowsii | Leccinum barrowsii is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is found in the southwestern United States, where it grows on the ground under conifers. The bolete was described as new to science in 1966 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith, Harry Delbert Thiers, and Roy Watling. The specific epithet honours... | Leccinum barrowsii | Biology | 130 |
14,427,315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR12 | Probable G-protein coupled receptor 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR12 gene.
The gene product of GPR12 is an orphan receptor, meaning that its endogenous ligand is currently unknown. Gene disruption of GPR12 in mice results in dyslipidemia and obesity.
Ligands
Inverse agonists
Cannabidiol
Evolu... | GPR12 | Chemistry | 149 |
49,547,719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%3Acation%20antiporter-2 | The Ca2+:H+ antiporter-2 (CaCA2) family (TC# 2.A.106) is a member of the lysine exporter (LysE) superfamily. Note that this family differs from the calcium:cation antiporter (CaCA) family which belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) superfamily. CaCA2 family proteins are found in bacteria, archaea, yeast, pl... | Calcium:cation antiporter-2 | Biology | 600 |
7,006,166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Tao%20theorem | In number theory, the Green–Tao theorem, proved by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In other words, for every natural number , there exist arithmetic progressions of primes with terms. The proof is an extension of Szemerédi... | Green–Tao theorem | Mathematics | 1,033 |
26,464,590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adimolol | Adimolol (developmental code name MEN-935) is antihypertensive agent which acts as a non-selective α1-, α2-, and β-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
Synthesis
The reaction between 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether (1) and 3-(3-amino-3-methylbutyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-one (2) gives adimolol (3).
References
Alpha-1 blockers
Alpha... | Adimolol | Chemistry | 140 |
75,038,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision%20cut%20lung%20slices | Precision cut lung slices or PCLS refer to thin sections of lung tissue that are prepared with high precision and are typically used for experimental purposes in the field of respiratory research. These slices are utilized to study various aspects of lung physiology, pathology, and pharmacology, providing researchers w... | Precision cut lung slices | Chemistry | 3,077 |
77,984,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%206646 | NGC 6646 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Lyra. Its velocity relative to the cosmic microwave background is 5,641 ± 35 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 83.2 ± 5.9 Mpc (∼271 million ly). NGC 6646 was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel on 26 June 1802. The luminosit... | NGC 6646 | Astronomy | 186 |
14,766,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20K%20%28calculator%29 | The Model K was an early 2-bit binary adder built in 1937 by Bell Labs scientist George Stibitz as a proof of concept, using scrap relays and metal strips from a tin can. The "K" in "Model K" came from "kitchen table", upon which he assembled it.
References
American inventions
Calculators
Digital electronics | Model K (calculator) | Mathematics,Engineering | 73 |
4,500,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC%2015288 | The ISO/IEC 15288 Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes is a technical standard in systems engineering which covers processes and lifecycle stages, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Planning for the ISO... | ISO/IEC 15288 | Engineering | 845 |
726,659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintelligence | A superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds. "Superintelligence" may also refer to a property of problem-solving systems (e.g., superintelligent language translators or engineering assistants) whether or not these high-level intell... | Superintelligence | Technology | 3,902 |
11,557,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimiter%20Skordev | Dimiter Skordev () (born 1936 in Sofia) is a professor in the Department of Mathematical Logic and Applications, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Sofia. Chairman of the department in 1972-2000. Doyen and pioneer of mathematical logic research in Bulgaria who developed a Bulgarian schoo... | Dimiter Skordev | Mathematics | 272 |
2,064,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defects%20per%20million%20opportunities | In process improvement efforts, defects per million opportunities or DPMO (or nonconformities per million opportunities (NPMO)) is a measure of process performance. It is defined as
A defect can be defined as a nonconformance of a quality characteristic (e.g. strength, width, response time) to its specification. DPM... | Defects per million opportunities | Engineering | 375 |
53,647,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleret | Cleret is an American manufacturer and brand of squeegees and related products based in Lake Oswego, Oregon. The company's original squeegee won an International Design Excellence Award from the Industrial Designers Society of America, and sits in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institution.
History
Hanco ... | Cleret | Chemistry | 755 |
443,575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%E2%80%93Kolmogorov%20paradox | In probability theory, the Borel–Kolmogorov paradox (sometimes known as Borel's paradox) is a paradox relating to conditional probability with respect to an event of probability zero (also known as a null set). It is named after Émile Borel and Andrey Kolmogorov.
A great circle puzzle
Suppose that a random variable ... | Borel–Kolmogorov paradox | Mathematics | 1,088 |
13,749,132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAD2 | TEAD2 (ETF, ETEF-1, TEF-4), together with TEAD1, defines a novel family of transcription factors, the TEAD family, highly conserved through evolution.
TEAD proteins were notably found in Drosophila (Scalloped), C. elegans (egl -44), S. cerevisiae and A. nidulans.
TEAD2 has been less studied than TEAD1 but a few studi... | TEAD2 | Chemistry,Biology | 915 |
48,347,993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolepiota%20eucharis | Macrolepiota eucharis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is found in Australia, where it grows under Eucalyptus grandis and Allocasuarina littoralis in rainforests. It was described as new to western science in 2003 by mycologists Else Vellinga and Roy Watling, from collections made in Queensla... | Macrolepiota eucharis | Biology | 170 |
52,032,623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile%20tooling | Agile tooling is the design and fabrication of manufacturing related-tools such as dies, molds, patterns, jigs and fixtures in a configuration that aims to maximise the tools' performance, minimise manufacturing time and cost, and avoid delay in prototyping. A fully functional agile tooling laboratory consists of CNC ... | Agile tooling | Technology,Engineering | 752 |
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