id stringlengths 2 8 | url stringlengths 31 117 | title stringlengths 1 71 | text stringlengths 153 118k | topic stringclasses 4
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23363340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huckleberry | Huckleberry | Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in the family Ericaceae, in two closely related genera: Vaccinium and Gaylussacia.
Nomenclature
The name 'huckleberry' is a North American variation of the English dialectal name variously called 'hurtleberry' or 'whortleberry' () for the bilberry. In Nort... | Biology and health sciences | Berries | Plants |
23364086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell%20diagram | Hertzsprung–Russell diagram | The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (abbreviated as H–R diagram, HR diagram or HRD) is a scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities and their stellar classifications or effective temperatures. The diagram was created independently in 1911 by Ejnar Hertzsprung and b... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | null |
23366462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect | Insect | Insects (from Latin ) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antennae. Insects are the most diverse group of anim... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
23366955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input%20device | Input device | In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system, such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, computer mice, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones.
Input devices can be categorized ba... | Technology | Computer hardware | null |
26244469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination%20%28cosmology%29 | Recombination (cosmology) | In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch during which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. Recombination occurred about years after the Big Bang (at a redshift of z = ). The word "recombination" is misleading, since the Big Bang theory does not posit that... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | Astronomy |
26246088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%201394 | IEEE 1394 | IEEE 1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple in cooperation with a number of companies, primarily Sony and Panasonic. It is most commonly known by the name FireWire (Apple), though o... | Technology | User interface | null |
35034187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20capacitor | Film capacitor | Film capacitors, plastic film capacitors, film dielectric capacitors, or polymer film capacitors, generically called film caps as well as power film capacitors, are electrical capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, sometimes combined with paper as carrier of the electrodes.
The dielectric films,... | Technology | Components | null |
47817022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL | URL | A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as an address on the Web, is a reference to a resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. URLs occ... | Technology | Internet | null |
33466720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20infrastructure | Cycling infrastructure | Cycling infrastructure is all infrastructure cyclists are allowed to use. Bikeways include bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks, rail trails and, where permitted, sidewalks. Roads used by motorists are also cycling infrastructure, except where cyclists are barred such as many freeways/motorways. It includes amenities s... | Technology | Road infrastructure | null |
21866506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochronology | Thermochronology | Thermochronology is the study of the thermal evolution of a region of a planet. Thermochronologists use radiometric dating along with the closure temperatures that represent the temperature of the mineral being studied at the time given by the date recorded to understand the thermal history of a specific rock, mineral,... | Physical sciences | Geochronology | Earth science |
21869208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucoromycotina | Mucoromycotina | Mucoromycotina is a subphylum of uncertain placement in Fungi. It was considered part of the phylum Zygomycota, but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that it was polyphyletic and thus split into several groups, it is now thought to be a paraphyletic grouping. Mucoromycotina is currently composed of 3 orders, 61 ge... | Biology and health sciences | Basics | Plants |
26257152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady-state%20model | Steady-state model | In cosmology, the steady-state model or steady state theory is an alternative to the Big Bang theory. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous creation of matter, thus adhering to the perfect cosmological principle, a principle that says that the ... | Physical sciences | Physical cosmology | Astronomy |
26262533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drafting%20machine | Drafting machine | A drafting machine is a tool used in technical drawing, consisting of a pair of scales mounted to form a right angle on an articulated protractor head that allows an angular rotation.
The protractor head (two scales and protractor mechanism) is able to move freely across the surface of the drawing board, sliding on tw... | Technology | Artist's and drafting tools | null |
23371726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20mechanics | Lagrangian mechanics | In physics, Lagrangian mechanics is a formulation of classical mechanics founded on the stationary-action principle (also known as the principle of least action). It was introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in his presentation to the Turin Academy of Science in 1760 culmin... | Physical sciences | Classical mechanics | null |
35038133 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen | Pathogen | In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ.
The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term pathogen is used t... | Biology and health sciences | Infectious disease | null |
47839266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan%20pepper | Sichuan pepper | Sichuan pepper (, also known as Sichuanese pepper, Szechuan pepper, Chinese prickly ash, Chinese pepper, Mountain pepper, and mala pepper, is a spice commonly used in Sichuan cuisine in China, Bhutan and in northeast India. It is called mejenga in Assam, India. It is called Thingey (ཐིང༌ངེ༌) in Bhutan and is used in pr... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
47840567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium | Allium | Allium is a large genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants with around 1000 accepted species, making Allium the largest genus in the family Amaryllidaceae and amongst the largest plant genera in the world. Many of the species are edible, and some have a long history of cultivation and human consumption as a vegetable... | Biology and health sciences | Asparagales | Plants |
47840723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leek | Leek | A leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum, the broadleaf wild leek (syn. Allium porrum). The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. The genus Allium also contains the onion, garlic, shallot, scallion, chives, and Chinese onion. Three clo... | Biology and health sciences | Monocots | null |
23396816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound%20per%20square%20inch | Pound per square inch | The pound per square inch (abbreviation: psi) or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: lbf/in2), is a unit of measurement of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units and used primarily in the United States. It is the pressure resulting from a force with magnitude of one pound-force applied to a... | Physical sciences | Pressure | Basics and measurement |
47862520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanaceae | Solanaceae | The Solanaceae (), or the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some ... | Biology and health sciences | Solanales | null |
47862531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayenne%20pepper | Cayenne pepper | The cayenne pepper is a type of Capsicum annuum. It is usually a hot chili pepper used to flavor dishes. Cayenne peppers are a group of tapering, 10 to 25 cm long, generally skinny, mostly red-colored peppers, often with a curved tip and somewhat rippled skin, which hang from the bush as opposed to growing upright. Mos... | Biology and health sciences | Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables | Plants |
47862537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habanero | Habanero | The habanero (; ) is a pungent cultivar of Capsicum chinense chili pepper. Unripe habaneros are green, and they color as they mature. The most common color variants are orange and red, but the fruit may also be white, brown, yellow, green, or purple. Typically, a ripe habanero is long. Habanero chilis are very hot, ra... | Biology and health sciences | Botanical fruits used as culinary vegetables | Plants |
47863693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon%20pea | Pigeon pea | The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) or toor dal is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae native to the Eastern Hemisphere. The pigeon pea is widely cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions around the world, being commonly consumed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
Etymolo... | Biology and health sciences | Pulses | Plants |
47863730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumin | Cumin | Cumin (, ; ; Cuminum cyminum) is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Irano-Turanian Region. Its seeds – each one contained within a fruit, which is dried – are used in the cuisines of many cultures in both whole and ground form. Although cumin is used in traditional medicine, there is no high-qualit... | Biology and health sciences | Apiales | null |
44970293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-442b | Kepler-442b | Kepler-442b (also known by its Kepler object of interest designation KOI-4742.01) is a confirmed near-Earth-sized exoplanet, likely rocky, orbiting within the habitable zone of the K-type main-sequence star Kepler-442, about from Earth in the constellation of Lyra.
The planet orbits its host star at a distance of ab... | Physical sciences | Notable exoplanets | Astronomy |
31926330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20neuroscience | Clinical neuroscience | Clinical neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the scientific study of fundamental mechanisms that underlie diseases and disorders of the brain and central nervous system. It seeks to develop new ways of conceptualizing and diagnosing such disorders and ultimately of developing novel treatments.
A ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology basics | Biology |
36122619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20life | Artificial life | Artificial life (ALife or A-Life) is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986. ... | Biology and health sciences | Biology basics | Biology |
23398075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guppy | Guppy | The guppy (), also known as millionfish or the rainbow fish, is one of the world's most widely distributed tropical fish and one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species. It is a member of the family Poeciliidae and, like almost all American members of the family, is live-bearing. Guppies originate from nor... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | null |
24873453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Season | Season | A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. On Earth, seasons are the result of the axial parallelism of Earth's tilted orbit around the Sun. In temperate and polar regions, the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight th... | Physical sciences | Earth science | null |
35072403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Deer%20Cave%20people | Red Deer Cave people | The Red Deer Cave people were a prehistoric population of modern humans known from bones dated to between about 17,830 to c. 11,500 years ago, found in Red Deer Cave (Maludong, ) and Longlin Cave in Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, in Southwest China.
The fossils exhibit a mix of archaic and modern features and were tent... | Biology and health sciences | Homo | Biology |
33496160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20app | Mobile app | A mobile application or app is a computer program or software application designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone, tablet, or watch. Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are designed to run on desktop computers, and web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather... | Technology | Computer software | null |
46383767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrometeorology | Agrometeorology | Agrometeorology is the study of weather and use of weather and climate information to enhance or expand agricultural crops or to increase crop production. Agrometeorology mainly involves the interaction of meteorological and hydrological factors, on one hand and agriculture, which encompasses horticulture, animal husba... | Technology | Academic disciplines | null |
44984325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication%20crisis | Replication crisis | The replication crisis is an ongoing methodological crisis in which the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to reproduce. Because the reproducibility of empirical results is an essential part of the scientific method, such failures undermine the credibility of theories building on them and po... | Physical sciences | Science basics | Basics and measurement |
36132944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20%28geometry%29 | Motion (geometry) | In geometry, a motion is an isometry of a metric space. For instance, a plane equipped with the Euclidean distance metric is a metric space in which a mapping associating congruent figures is a motion. More generally, the term motion is a synonym for surjective isometry in metric geometry, including elliptic geometry a... | Mathematics | Geometry: General | null |
24886645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20change%20in%20Canada | Climate change in Canada | Climate change is greatly impacting Canada's environment and landscapes. Extreme weather has become more frequent and severe because of the continued release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The number of climate change–related events, such as the 2021 British Columbia Floods and an increasing number of forest ... | Physical sciences | Climate change | Earth science |
23416874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense | Sense | A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli. Although, in some cultures, five human senses were traditionally identified as such (namely sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing), many more are now recogni... | Biology and health sciences | Biology | null |
26288711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s%20law | Coulomb's law | Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Although the law was known earlier, it was first publish... | Physical sciences | Electrostatics | null |
26293276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reperfusion%20therapy | Reperfusion therapy | Reperfusion therapy is a medical treatment to restore blood flow, either through or around, blocked arteries, typically after a heart attack (myocardial infarction (MI)). Reperfusion therapy includes drugs and surgery. The drugs are thrombolytics and fibrinolytics used in a process called thrombolysis. Surgeries perfor... | Biology and health sciences | Treatments | Health |
23423919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20chemistry | Marine chemistry | Marine chemistry, also known as ocean chemistry or chemical oceanography, is the study of the chemical composition and processes of the world’s oceans, including the interactions between seawater, the atmosphere, the seafloor, and marine organisms. This field encompasses a wide range of topics, such as the cycling of e... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
43282386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican%20donkey | Corsican donkey | The Corsican Donkey, , , is a breed of domestic donkey from the Mediterranean island of Corsica, a région and territorial collectivity of France. It is not recognised by the Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt, the French ministry of agriculture, or by the Haras Nationaux, the French nationa... | Biology and health sciences | Donkeys | Animals |
31961126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20temperature | Ocean temperature | The ocean temperature plays a crucial role in the global climate system, ocean currents and for marine habitats. It varies depending on depth, geographical location and season. Not only does the temperature differ in seawater, so does the salinity. Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar w... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
21942008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20polarity | Cell polarity | Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Almost all cell types exhibit some form of polarity, which enables them to carry out specialized functions. Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neuro... | Biology and health sciences | Cell processes | Biology |
40364158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic%20use%20in%20livestock | Antibiotic use in livestock | Antibiotic use in livestock is the use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock, which includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis). Antibiotics are an import... | Technology | Animal husbandry | null |
23434533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter%20%28signal%20processing%29 | Filter (signal processing) | In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal. Filtering is a class of signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial suppression of some aspect of the signal. Most often, this means removing some frequencies or fr... | Technology | Components | null |
39065406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-velocity%20cloud | High-velocity cloud | High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are large accumulations of gas with an unusually rapid motion relative to their surroundings. They can be found throughout the galactic halo of the Milky Way. Their bulk motions in the local standard of rest have velocities which are measured in excess of 70–90 km s−1. These clouds of gas ca... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
39067260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20weather%20forecasting | Marine weather forecasting | Marine weather forecasting is the process by which mariners and meteorological organizations attempt to forecast future weather conditions over the Earth's oceans. Mariners have had rules of thumb regarding the navigation around tropical cyclones for many years, dividing a storm into halves and sailing through the nor... | Physical sciences | Meteorology: General | Earth science |
45036001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Held%E2%80%93Karp%20algorithm | Held–Karp algorithm | The Held–Karp algorithm, also called the Bellman–Held–Karp algorithm, is a dynamic programming algorithm proposed in 1962 independently by Bellman and by Held and Karp to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP), in which the input is a distance matrix between a set of cities, and the goal is to find a minimum-length... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
23442715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocassette%20recorder | Videocassette recorder | A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly ref... | Technology | Media and communication: Basics | null |
23446323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeerKAT | MeerKAT | MeerKAT, originally the Karoo Array Telescope, is a radio telescope consisting of 64 antennas in the Meerkat National Park, in the Northern Cape of South Africa. In 2003, South Africa submitted an expression of interest to host the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) Radio Telescope in Africa, and the locally designed and bui... | Technology | Ground-based observatories | null |
33548254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch%20%28service%29 | Twitch (service) | Twitch is an American video live-streaming service popular in video games, including broadcasts of esports competitions. It also offers music broadcasts, creative content, and "in real life" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon. It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the ge... | Technology | Social network and blogging | null |
41800775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural%20geography | Agricultural geography | Agricultural geography is a sub-discipline of human geography concerned with the spatial relationships found between agriculture and humans. That is, the study of the phenomena and effects that lead to the formation of the earth's top surface, in different regions.
History
Humans have been interacting with their surr... | Technology | Academic disciplines | null |
30994374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loach | Loach | Loaches are ray-finned fish of the suborder Cobitoidei. They are freshwater, benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish found in rivers and creeks throughout Eurasia and northern Africa. Loaches are among the most diverse groups of fish; the 1249 known species of Cobitoidei comprise about 107 genera divided among 9 families.
Etym... | Biology and health sciences | Cypriniformes | Animals |
24919513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare | Hectare | The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), that is, 10,000 square metres (10,000 m2), and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is about and one hectare contains about .
In 1795, when the... | Physical sciences | Area | null |
37615379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20yak | Wild yak | The wild yak (Bos mutus) is a large, wild bovine native to the Himalayas. It is the ancestor of the domestic yak (Bos grunniens).
Taxonomy
The ancestor of the wild and domestic yak is thought to have diverged from Bos primigenius at a point between one and five million years ago. The wild yak is now normally treated ... | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
36194985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julida | Julida | Julida is an order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from in length. Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures. Additionally, both pairs of legs on the 7th body segment of males are modified ... | Biology and health sciences | Myriapoda | Animals |
29589389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tityus%20serrulatus | Tityus serrulatus | Tityus serrulatus, the Brazilian yellow scorpion, is a species of scorpion of the family Buthidae. It is native to Brazil, and its venom is extremely toxic. It is the most dangerous scorpion in South America and is responsible for the most fatal cases.
Description
Adult specimens typically measure between 5–7 cm (2–... | Biology and health sciences | Scorpions | Animals |
23453065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%20graph | Dürer graph | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Dürer graph is an undirected graph with 12 vertices and 18 edges. It is named after Albrecht Dürer, whose 1514 engraving Melencolia I includes a depiction of Dürer's solid, a convex polyhedron having the Dürer graph as its skeleton. Dürer's solid is one of only four well-c... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
23454306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20horticulture | Tropical horticulture | Tropical horticulture is a branch of horticulture that studies and cultivates plants in the tropics, i.e., the equatorial regions of the world. The field is sometimes known by the portmanteau "TropHort".
Overview
Tropical horticulture includes plants such as perennial woody plants (arboriculture), ornamentals (floric... | Technology | Horticulture | null |
33563967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20%28periodic%20table%29 | Block (periodic table) | A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block.
The block names (s, p, d, and f) ... | Physical sciences | Periodic table | Chemistry |
33565234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean%20forests%2C%20woodlands%2C%20and%20scrub | Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub | Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations but can be cool near colder seas. Winters are ty... | Physical sciences | Biomes: General | Earth science |
46438704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation | Inoculation | Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microbe or virus into a person or other organism. It is a method of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases. The term "inoculation" is also used more generally to refer to intentionally depositing microbes into any growth medium, as int... | Biology and health sciences | Concepts | Health |
28203358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian%20polar%20ice%20caps | Martian polar ice caps | The planet Mars has two permanent polar ice caps of water ice and some dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide, CO2). Above kilometer-thick layers of water ice permafrost, slabs of dry ice are deposited during a pole's winter, lying in continuous darkness, causing 25–30% of the atmosphere being deposited annually at either of t... | Physical sciences | Solar System | Astronomy |
28208195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20breastfeeding | Extended breastfeeding | In Western countries extended breastfeeding usually means breastfeeding after the age of 12 to 24 months, depending on the culture.
Breast milk is known to contain lactoferrin, which protects the infant from infection caused by a wide range of pathogens. The amount of lactoferrin in breast milk increases significant... | Biology and health sciences | Health and fitness: General | Health |
26354203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batomorphi | Batomorphi | Batomorphi is a clade of cartilaginous fishes, commonly known as rays, this taxon is also known as the superorder Batoidea, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as the division Batomorphi. They and their close relatives, the sharks, compose the subclass Elasmobranchii. Rays are the largest group of ... | Biology and health sciences | Batoidea | null |
41819039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotlin%20%28programming%20language%29 | Kotlin (programming language) | Kotlin () is a cross-platform, statically typed, general-purpose high-level programming language with type inference. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with Java, and the JVM version of Kotlin's standard library depends on the Java Class Library,
but type inference allows its syntax to be more concise. Kotlin ma... | Technology | Programming languages | null |
24951890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic%20zone | Oceanic zone | The oceanic zone is typically defined as the area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf (e.g. the neritic zone), but operationally is often referred to as beginning where the water depths drop to below , seaward from the coast into the open ocean with its pelagic zone.
It is the region of open sea beyond the... | Physical sciences | Oceanography | Earth science |
40408388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20radio%20burst | Fast radio burst | In radio astronomy, a fast radio burst (FRB) is a transient radio pulse of length ranging from a fraction of a millisecond, for an ultra-fast radio burst, to 3 seconds, caused by some high-energy astrophysical process not yet understood. Astronomers estimate the average FRB releases as much energy in a millisecond as t... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
47959320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaenodonta | Hyaenodonta | Hyaenodonta ("hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental mammals of clade Pan-Carnivora from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene.
Characteristics
Hyaenodonts are characterized by l... | Biology and health sciences | Mammals: General | Animals |
47962742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tally%20marks | Tally marks | Tally marks, also called hash marks, are a form of numeral used for counting. They can be thought of as a unary numeral system.
They are most useful in counting or tallying ongoing results, such as the score in a game or sport, as no intermediate results need to be erased or discarded. However, because of the length ... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
31012716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spongia%20officinalis | Spongia officinalis | Spongia officinalis, better known as a variety of bath sponge, is a commercially used sea sponge. Individuals grow in large lobes with small openings and are formed by a mesh of primary and secondary fibers. It is light grey to black in color. It is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea up to 100 meters deep on rocky ... | Biology and health sciences | Porifera | Animals |
24956783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching%20polynomial | Matching polynomial | In the mathematical fields of graph theory and combinatorics, a matching polynomial (sometimes called an acyclic polynomial) is a generating function of the numbers of matchings of various sizes in a graph. It is one of several graph polynomials studied in algebraic graph theory.
Definition
Several different types of ... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
23473595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-year | Light-year | A light-year, alternatively spelled light year (ly or lyr), is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and is equal to exactly , which is approximately 5.88 trillion mi. As defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), a light-year is the distance that light travels in vacuum in one Julian year... | Physical sciences | Length and distance | null |
23476429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20%28set%20theory%29 | Intersection (set theory) | In set theory, the intersection of two sets and denoted by is the set containing all elements of that also belong to or equivalently, all elements of that also belong to
Notation and terminology
Intersection is written using the symbol "" between the terms; that is, in infix notation. For example:
The interse... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
23476797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20anxiety%20disorder | Social anxiety disorder | Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impairing ability to function in at least some aspects of daily life. These fears can be triggered by perceived or actual scrutiny fr... | Biology and health sciences | Mental disorders | Health |
23476857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovy | Anchovy | An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water.
More than 140 species are placed in 16 genera; they are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in ... | Biology and health sciences | Clupeiformes | null |
31019086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread%20%28yarn%29 | Thread (yarn) | A thread is a long strand of material, often composed of several filaments or fibres, used for joining, creating or decorating textiles. Ancient Egyptians were known for creating thread using plant fibers, wool and hair. Today, thread can also be made of many different materials including but not limited to cotton, woo... | Technology | Fabrics and fibers | null |
22016602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%20%28river%20morphology%29 | Bar (river morphology) | A bar in a river is an elevated region of sediment (such as sand or gravel) that has been deposited by the flow. Types of bars include mid-channel bars (also called braid bars and common in braided rivers), point bars (common in meandering rivers), and mouth bars (common in river deltas). The locations of bars are dete... | Physical sciences | Fluvial landforms | Earth science |
43341147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byerlee%27s%20law | Byerlee's law | In rheology, Byerlee's law, also known as Byerlee's friction law concerns the shear stress (τ) required to slide one rock over another. The rocks have macroscopically flat surfaces, but the surfaces have small asperities that make them "rough." For a given experiment and at normal stresses (σn) below about 2000 bars (2... | Physical sciences | Geophysics | Earth science |
28227402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull | Bull | A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species Bos taurus (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e. cows proper), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, including for sacrifices. These animals play a significant role in beef ranching, dai... | Biology and health sciences | Bovidae | Animals |
33601818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax%20%28arthropod%20anatomy%29 | Thorax (arthropod anatomy) | The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the hexapod body (insects and entognathans). It holds the head, legs, wings and abdomen. It is also called mesosoma or cephalothorax in other arthropods.
It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates t... | Biology and health sciences | External anatomy and regions of the body | Biology |
36224143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20science | Planetary science | Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), celestial bodies (such as moons, asteroids, comets) and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes of their formation. It studies objects ranging in size from micrometeoroids to gas g... | Physical sciences | Planetary science | Astronomy |
26377919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoioideae | Sequoioideae | Sequoioideae, commonly referred to as redwoods, is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae, that range in the northern hemisphere. It includes the largest and tallest trees in the world. The trees in the subfamily are amongst the most notable trees in the world and are common ornamental trees.
D... | Biology and health sciences | Gymnosperms | null |
22026933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxi | Taxi | A taxi, also known as a taxicab or simply a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers between locations of their choice. This differs from public transport where the pick-up and drop-off locations ... | Technology | Road transport | null |
43346724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition | Demolition | Demolition (also known as razing, cartage, and wrecking) is the science and engineering in safely and efficiently tearing down buildings and other artificial structures. Demolition contrasts with deconstruction, which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for reuse purposes.
For... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
43348949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy%20group | Galaxy group | A galaxy group or group of galaxies (GrG) is an aggregation of galaxies comprising about 50 or fewer gravitationally bound members, each at least as luminous as the Milky Way (about 1010 times the luminosity of the Sun); collections of galaxies larger than groups that are first-order clustering are called galaxy cluste... | Physical sciences | Basics_2 | Astronomy |
43354034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sail | Sail | A sail is a tensile structure, which is made from fabric or other membrane materials, that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles. Sails may be made from a combination of woven materials—including canvas or polyester clot... | Technology | Maritime transport | null |
33607453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal%20column | Spinal column | The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrates. The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate. The spinal column is a segmented column of vertebrae that surrounds and protects the spinal cord. The vert... | Biology and health sciences | Skeletal system | null |
33610705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20kingfisher | Tree kingfisher | The tree kingfishers, also called wood kingfishers or Halcyoninae, are the most numerous of the three subfamilies of birds in the kingfisher family, with around 70 species divided into 12 genera, including several species of kookaburras. The subfamily appears to have arisen in Indochina and Maritime Southeast Asia and ... | Biology and health sciences | Coraciiformes | Animals |
22037519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springtail | Springtail | Springtails (class Collembola) form the largest of the three lineages of modern hexapods that are no longer considered insects. Although the three lineages are sometimes grouped together in a class called Entognatha because they have internal mouthparts, they do not appear to be any more closely related to one another ... | Biology and health sciences | Insects and other hexapods | null |
22039971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%A1n%27s%20brick%20factory%20problem | Turán's brick factory problem | In the mathematics of graph drawing, Turán's brick factory problem asks for the minimum number of crossings in a drawing of a complete bipartite graph. The problem is named after Pál Turán, who formulated it while being forced to work in a brick factory during World War II.
A drawing method found by Kazimierz Zarankie... | Mathematics | Graph theory | null |
26382213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilikum%20%28orca%29 | Tilikum (orca) | Tilikum ( – 6 January 2017), nicknamed Tilly, was a captive male orca who spent most of his life at SeaWorld Orlando in Florida. He was captured in Iceland in 1983; about a year later, he was transferred to Sealand of the Pacific near Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. He was subsequently transferred in 1992 to SeaWor... | Biology and health sciences | Individual animals | Animals |
26383679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective%20serotonin%20reuptake%20inhibitor | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.
SSRIs increase the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by limiting its reabsorption (re... | Biology and health sciences | Psychiatric drugs | Health |
32039834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental%20avulsion | Dental avulsion | Dental avulsion is the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket in alveolar bone owing to trauma, such as can be caused by a fall, road traffic accident, assault, sports, or occupational injury. Typically, a tooth is held in place by the periodontal ligament, which becomes torn when the tooth is knocked out.
A... | Biology and health sciences | Types | Health |
24997037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabaceae | Cannabaceae | Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis (hemp), Humulus (hops) and Celtis (hackberries). Celtis is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species.
Cannabaceae is a mem... | Biology and health sciences | Rosales | Plants |
24998247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin%20D | Vitamin D | Vitamin D is a group of structurally related, fat-soluble compounds responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, along with numerous other biological functions. In humans, the most important compounds within this group are vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalcif... | Biology and health sciences | Vitamins | Health |
24998792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging | Debugging | In engineering, debugging is the process of finding the root cause, workarounds and possible fixes for bugs.
For software, debugging tactics can involve interactive debugging, control flow analysis, log file analysis, monitoring at the application or system level, memory dumps, and profiling. Many programming language... | Technology | Software development: General | null |
24999087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20stroke | Heat stroke | Heat stroke or heatstroke, also known as sun-stroke, is a severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than , along with red skin, headache, dizziness, and confusion. Sweating is generally present in exertional heatstroke, but not in classic heatstroke. The start of heat stroke can be sudden or gradua... | Biology and health sciences | Types | Health |
25003876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pungency | Pungency | Pungency () refers to the taste of food commonly referred to as spiciness, hotness or heat, found in foods such as chili peppers. Highly pungent tastes may be experienced as unpleasant. The term piquancy () is sometimes applied to foods with a lower degree of pungency that are "agreeably stimulating to the palate". Exa... | Biology and health sciences | Sensory nervous system | Biology |
39152786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionfish | Lionfish | Pterois is a genus of venomous marine fish, commonly known as the lionfish, native to the Indo-Pacific. It is characterized by conspicuous warning coloration with red or black bands and ostentatious dorsal fins tipped with venomous spines. Pterois radiata, Pterois volitans, and Pterois miles are the most commonly studi... | Biology and health sciences | Acanthomorpha | Animals |
35245121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum%20piperitum | Zanthoxylum piperitum | Zanthoxylum piperitum, also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash, is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea.
It is called () in Japan and () in Korea. Both the leaves and fruits (peppercorns) are used as aromatics and flavorings in ... | Biology and health sciences | Herbs and spices | Plants |
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