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5676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium | Californium | Californium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cf and atomic number 98. It was first synthesized in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuran... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
5691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex | Codex | The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term "codex" is now reserved for older manuscript books, which mostly used sheets of vellum, parchm... | Technology | Printing | null |
5702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20Tunnel | Channel Tunnel | The Channel Tunnel (), sometimes referred to by the portmanteau Chunnel, is a undersea railway tunnel, opened in 1994, that connects Folkestone (Kent, England) with Coquelles (Pas-de-Calais, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and th... | Technology | Transport infrastructure | null |
5705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum%20hypothesis | Continuum hypothesis | In mathematics, specifically set theory, the continuum hypothesis (abbreviated CH) is a hypothesis about the possible sizes of infinite sets. It states:
Or equivalently:
In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC), this is equivalent to the following equation in aleph numbers: , or even shorter with... | Mathematics | Set theory | null |
5715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis | Cryptanalysis | Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cry... | Technology | Computer security | null |
5721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma | Coma | A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake–sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. The person may experience respiratory and circulatory problems due to the body's inability to ... | Biology and health sciences | Miscellaneous | null |
5738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervix | Cervix | The cervix (: cervices) or cervix uteri is a dynamic fibromuscular sexual organ of the female reproductive system that connects the vagina with the uterine cavity. The human female cervix has been documented anatomically since at least the time of Hippocrates, over 2,000 years ago. The cervix is approximately 4 cm long... | Biology and health sciences | Reproductive system | Biology |
5739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler | Compiler | In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language (the target language). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a low-level programm... | Technology | Programming | null |
5759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20analysis | Complex analysis | Complex analysis, traditionally known as the theory of functions of a complex variable, is the branch of mathematical analysis that investigates functions of complex numbers. It is helpful in many branches of mathematics, including algebraic geometry, number theory, analytic combinatorics, and applied mathematics, as w... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
5762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20engineering | Civil engineering | Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.
Civil... | Technology | Technology: General | null |
5778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave | Cave | A cave or cavern is a natural void under the Earth's surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock shelters). Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are ... | Physical sciences | Caves | null |
5781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20numerals | Chinese numerals | Chinese numerals are words and characters used to denote numbers in written Chinese.
Today, speakers of Chinese languages use three written numeral systems: the system of Arabic numerals used worldwide, and two indigenous systems. The more familiar indigenous system is based on Chinese characters that correspond to nu... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
5783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20program | Computer program | A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. It is one component of software, which also includes documentation and other intangible components.
A computer program in its human-readable form is called source code. Source code needs another computer progra... | Technology | Computer software | null |
5793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative%20distribution%20function | Cumulative distribution function | In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that will take a value less than or equal to .
Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as w... | Mathematics | Probability | null |
5816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenozoic | Cenozoic | The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterized by the dominance of insects, mammals, birds and angiosperms (flowering plants). It is the latest of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon, preceded by the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. Th... | Physical sciences | Geological periods | null |
5826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20number | Complex number | In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation ; every complex number can be expressed in the form , where and are real numbers. Because no real number satisfies the above equation,... | Mathematics | Counting and numbers | null |
5863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen%20interpretation | Copenhagen interpretation | The Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics, stemming from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and others. While "Copenhagen" refers to the Danish city, the use as an "interpretation" was apparently coined by Heisenberg during the 1950s to refer to idea... | Physical sciences | Quantum mechanics | Physics |
5869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20theory | Category theory | Category theory is a general theory of mathematical structures and their relations. It was introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in the middle of the 20th century in their foundational work on algebraic topology. Category theory is used in almost all areas of mathematics. In particular, many construction... | Mathematics | Other | null |
5872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradycardia | Bradycardia | Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM). While bradycardia can result from various pathologic processes, it is commonly a physiologic response to cardiovascular conditioning or due to asymptomatic type 1 atrioventricular block.
Resting heart rates of less than ... | Biology and health sciences | Symptoms and signs | Health |
5876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary%20artery%20disease | Coronary artery disease | Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), or ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a type of heart disease involving the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to a build-up of atheromatous plaque in the arteries of the heart. It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. CA... | Biology and health sciences | Cardiovascular disease | Health |
5879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium | Caesium | Caesium (IUPAC spelling; also spelled cesium in American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali metal with a melting point of , which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium has physical and chemi... | Physical sciences | Chemical elements_2 | null |
5881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century | Century | A century is a period of 100 years or 10 decades. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred. Century is sometimes abbreviated as c.
A centennial or centenary is a hundredth anniversary, or a celebration of this, typically th... | Physical sciences | Time | Basics and measurement |
5905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen | Chalcogen | |-
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The chalcogens (ore forming) ( ) are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the oxygen family. Group 16 consists of the elements oxy... | Physical sciences | Group 16 | Chemistry |
5906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20dioxide | Carbon dioxide | Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature and at normally-encountered concentrations it is odorless. As the source of carbon in the carbon cycl... | Physical sciences | Chemistry | null |
5910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide | Cyanide | In chemistry, cyanide () is a chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom.
In inorganic cyanides, the cyanide group is present as the cyanide anion . This anion is extremely poisonous. Soluble salts such as sodium... | Physical sciences | Inorganic compounds | null |
5912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate | Carbonate | A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula . The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group .
The term is also used as a verb, to describe carbonation: the process of rai... | Physical sciences | Salts | null |
5914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis | Catalysis | Catalysis () is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temp... | Physical sciences | Chemistry | null |
5916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference | Circumference | In geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferens, meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed figure.
Cir... | Mathematics | Two-dimensional space | null |
5918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum%20mechanics | Continuum mechanics | Continuum mechanics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the deformation of and transmission of forces through materials modeled as a continuous medium (also called a continuum) rather than as discrete particles.
Continuum mechanics deals with deformable bodies, as opposed to rigid bodies.
A continuum model assu... | Physical sciences | Basics_10 | null |
5921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color | Color | Color (or colour in Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum. Though color is not an inherent property of matter, color perception is related to an object's light absorption, reflection, emission spectra, and interference. For most humans, colors are... | Physical sciences | Physics | null |
5926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation | Computation | A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined. Common examples of computation are mathematical equation solving and the execution of computer algorithms.
Mechanical or electronic devices (or, historically, people) that perform computations are known as computers.
Computer... | Mathematics | Theoretical computer science | null |
5931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling | Cycling | Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the activity of riding a bicycle or other type of cycle. It encompasses the use of human-powered vehicles such as balance bikes, unicycles, tricycles, and quadricycles. Cycling is practised around the world for purposes including transport, recreation, exercise, and compet... | Technology | Road transport | null |
5932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate | Carbohydrate | A carbohydrate () is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with , H has ... | Biology and health sciences | Chemistry | null |
5933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS%20Virginia | CSS Virginia | CSS Virginia was the first steam-powered ironclad warship built by the Confederate States Navy during the first year of the American Civil War; she was constructed as a casemate ironclad using the razéed (cut down) original lower hull and engines of the scuttled steam frigate . Virginia was one of the participants in t... | Technology | Specific seacraft | null |
5936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20thermodynamics | Chemical thermodynamics | Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathe... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Chemistry |
5962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet | Comet | A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or coma surrounding the nucleus, and sometimes a tail of gas and dust gas blown out from the coma. These phenomena a... | Physical sciences | Astronomy | null |
5966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost | Compost | Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food waste, recycling organic materials, and manure. The resulting mixture is rich in plant nutrients and beneficial organisms, such as bacte... | Technology | Agronomical techniques | null |
5974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum | Corundum | Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide () typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. Corundum ... | Physical sciences | Minerals | Earth science |
5987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal | Coal | Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is a type of fossil fuel, formed when dead plant matter decays into peat which is converted into c... | Technology | Energy | null |
5992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional%20Chinese%20medicine | Traditional Chinese medicine | Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. A large share of its claims are pseudoscientific, with the majority of treatments having no robust evidence of effectiveness or logical mechanism of action.
Medicine in traditional China encompassed a range ... | Biology and health sciences | Alternative and traditional medicine | null |
5993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20bond | Chemical bond | A chemical bond is the association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds, or some combination of these effects. Chemical bonds are des... | Physical sciences | Chemistry | null |
5999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate | Climate | Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature, humidity, atmospheri... | Physical sciences | Science and medicine | null |
6010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20worm | Computer worm | A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers. When these ne... | Technology | Computer security | null |
6011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky%20hierarchy | Chomsky hierarchy | The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a language's vocabulary (or alphabet) that are valid according to the language's syntax. The linguist Noam Choms... | Mathematics | Automata theory | null |
6014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode-ray%20tube | Cathode-ray tube | A cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams that are manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen. The images may represent electrical waveforms on an oscilloscope, a frame of video on an analog television set (TV), digital raster graphics on a c... | Technology | Media and communication | null |
6015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal | Crystal | A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macroscopic single crystals are usually identifiable by their geometrical shape, consis... | Physical sciences | Crystallography | null |
6016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosine | Cytosine | Cytosine () (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside o... | Biology and health sciences | Nucleic acids | Biology |
6019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20chemistry | Computational chemistry | Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids. The importance of this subject s... | Physical sciences | Subdisciplines | Chemistry |
6021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%20%28programming%20language%29 | C (programming language) | C (pronounced – like the letter c) is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in kern... | Technology | Programming | null |
6034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahn%E2%80%93Ingold%E2%80%93Prelog%20priority%20rules | Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules | In organic chemistry, the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) sequence rules (also the CIP priority convention; named after Robert Sidney Cahn, Christopher Kelk Ingold, and Vladimir Prelog) are a standard process to completely and unequivocally name a stereoisomer of a molecule. The purpose of the CIP system is to assign an R or ... | Physical sciences | Stereochemistry | Chemistry |
6038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20engineering | Chemical engineering | Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of the operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry, ... | Technology | Disciplines | null |
6042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20space | Compact space | In mathematics, specifically general topology, compactness is a property that seeks to generalize the notion of a closed and bounded subset of Euclidean space. The idea is that a compact space has no "punctures" or "missing endpoints", i.e., it includes all limiting values of points. For example, the open interval (0,1... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
6056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental%20drift | Continental drift | Continental drift is a highly supported scientific theory, originating in the early 20th century, that Earth's continents move or drift relative to each other over geologic time. The theory of continental drift has since been validated and incorporated into the science of plate tectonics, which studies the movement of ... | Physical sciences | Tectonics | Earth science |
6058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen | Collagen | Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found i... | Biology and health sciences | Proteins | Biology |
6061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO%20cycle | CNO cycle | The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen; sometimes called Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle after Hans Albrecht Bethe and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction (p–p cycle), which is more efficien... | Physical sciences | Stellar astronomy | Astronomy |
6085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%20sequence | Cauchy sequence | In mathematics, a Cauchy sequence is a sequence whose elements become arbitrarily close to each other as the sequence progresses. More precisely, given any small positive distance, all excluding a finite number of elements of the sequence are less than that given distance from each other. Cauchy sequences are named aft... | Mathematics | Sequences and series | null |
6088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Era | Common Era | Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the original Anno Domini (AD) and Before Christ (BC) notations used for the same c... | Technology | Calendars | null |
6099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic%20acid | Carboxylic acid | In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group () attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as or , sometimes as with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur wi... | Physical sciences | Carbon–oxygen bond | null |
6102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyan | Cyan | Cyan () is the color between blue and green on the visible spectrum of light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength between 500 and 520 nm, between the wavelengths of green and blue.
In the subtractive color system, or CMYK color model, which can be overlaid to produce all colors in paint and color print... | Physical sciences | Colors | Physics |
6111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20vapor%20deposition | Chemical vapor deposition | Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high-quality, and high-performance, solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films.
In typical CVD, the wafer (substrate) is exposed to one or more volatile precursors, which react and/or decom... | Technology | Materials | null |
6113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20rule | Chain rule | In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions and in terms of the derivatives of and . More precisely, if is the function such that for every , then the chain rule is, in Lagrange's notation,
or, equivalently,
The chain rule may also be ... | Mathematics | Differential calculus | null |
6115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%20versus%20NP%20problem | P versus NP problem | The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified can also be quickly solved.
Here, "quickly" means an algorithm that solves the task and runs in polynomial time (as opposed to, say, exponential time) ex... | Mathematics | Discrete mathematics | null |
6118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot%20heat%20engine | Carnot heat engine | A Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle. The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically explored by Rudolf Clausius in 1857, work ... | Physical sciences | Thermodynamics | Physics |
6122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20function | Continuous function | In mathematics, a continuous function is a function such that a small variation of the argument induces a small variation of the value of the function. This implies there are no abrupt changes in value, known as discontinuities. More precisely, a function is continuous if arbitrarily small changes in its value can be a... | Mathematics | Calculus and analysis | null |
6123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl%20%28mathematics%29 | Curl (mathematics) | In vector calculus, the curl, also known as rotor, is a vector operator that describes the infinitesimal circulation of a vector field in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The curl at a point in the field is represented by a vector whose length and direction denote the magnitude and axis of the maximum circulation. Th... | Mathematics | Multivariable and vector calculus | null |
6136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20monoxide | Carbon monoxide | Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simplest carbon oxide. In coordination complexes, the carbon monoxide ligand... | Physical sciences | Inorganic compounds | null |
6138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjecture | Conjecture | In mathematics, a conjecture is a conclusion or a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures, such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture (now a theorem, proven in 1995 by Andrew Wiles), have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed ... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
6172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%20set | Cantor set | In mathematics, the Cantor set is a set of points lying on a single line segment that has a number of unintuitive properties. It was discovered in 1874 by Henry John Stephen Smith and mentioned by German mathematician Georg Cantor in 1883.
Through consideration of this set, Cantor and others helped lay the foundation... | Mathematics | Other | null |
6173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20number | Cardinal number | In mathematics, a cardinal number, or cardinal for short, is what is commonly called the number of elements of a set. In the case of a finite set, its cardinal number, or cardinality is therefore a natural number. For dealing with the case of infinite sets, the infinite cardinal numbers have been introduced, which are ... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
6174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality | Cardinality | In mathematics, cardinality describes a relationship between sets which compares their relative size. For example, the sets and are the same size as they each contain 3 elements. Beginning in the late 19th century, this concept was generalized to infinite sets, which allows one to distinguish between different types ... | Mathematics | Set theory | null |
6206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computable%20number | Computable number | In mathematics, computable numbers are the real numbers that can be computed to within any desired precision by a finite, terminating algorithm. They are also known as the recursive numbers, effective numbers, computable reals, or recursive reals. The concept of a computable real number was introduced by Émile Borel in... | Mathematics | Basics | null |
6207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20current | Electric current | An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface. The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on the co... | Physical sciences | Electrical circuits | null |
6220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle | Circle | A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A... | Mathematics | Geometry and topology | null |
6229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus%20computer | Colossus computer | Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and counting operations. Colossus is thus regarded as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer... | Technology | Early computers | null |
6233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected%20space | Connected space | In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that are used to distinguish topological spaces.
A subset of a topological space... | Mathematics | Topology | null |
6235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20nucleus | Cell nucleus | The cell nucleus (; : nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear enve... | Biology and health sciences | Organelles and other cell parts | null |
6246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent%20bond | Covalent bond | A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding. For many molecule... | Physical sciences | Chemical bonds | null |
6271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20reaction | Chemical reaction | A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only ... | Physical sciences | Chemistry | null |
6285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube | Cube | In geometry, a cube or regular hexahedron is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six congruent square faces, a type of polyhedron. It has twelve congruent edges and eight vertices. It is a type of parallelepiped, with pairs of parallel opposite faces, and more specifically a rhombohedron, with congruent edges, ... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
6286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuter%20rail | Commuter rail | Commuter rail or suburban rail is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area, connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns. Commuter rail systems can use locomotive-hauled trains or multiple units, using electric or diesel propulsion. Distance... | Technology | Rail and cable transport | null |
6292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20set | Convex set | In geometry, a set of points is convex if it contains every line segment between two points in the set. Equivalently, a convex set or a convex region is a set that intersects every line in a line segment, single point, or the empty set.
For example, a solid cube is a convex set, but anything that is hollow or has an in... | Mathematics | Geometry | null |
6295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos%20theory | Chaos theory | Chaos theory (or chaology) is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics. It focuses on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. These were once thought to have completely random states of disorder and irregularities. C... | Mathematics | Other | null |
6312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20wall | Cell wall | A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. Primarily, it provides the cell with structural support, shape, protection, and functions as a selective barrier. Another vital role of the cell wall is to help ... | Biology and health sciences | Plant cells | null |
6329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography | Chromatography | In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system (a column, a capillary tube, a plate, or a sheet) on which a material called the stat... | Physical sciences | Separation processes | null |
6335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbitaceae | Cucurbitaceae | The Cucurbitaceae (), also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in 101 genera. Those of most agricultural, commercial or nutritional value to humans include:
Cucurbita – squash, pumpkin, zucchini (courgette), some gourds.
Lagenaria – calabash (bottle gourd) and other,... | Biology and health sciences | Cucurbitales | null |
6339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20biology | Cell biology | Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. Cell biology is the study of the structural and f... | Biology and health sciences | Cell biology: General | null |
6355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast | Chloroplast | A chloroplast () is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which capture the energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy and release oxygen. The chemical energy created is then used to... | Biology and health sciences | Plant cells | null |
6359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crux | Crux | Crux () is a constellation of the southern sky that is centred on four bright stars in a cross-shaped asterism commonly known as the Southern Cross. It lies on the southern end of the Milky Way's visible band. The name Crux is Latin for cross. Even though it is the smallest of all 88 modern constellations, Crux is amo... | Physical sciences | Constellations | null |
6362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetus | Cetus | Cetus () is a constellation, sometimes called 'the whale' in English. The Cetus was a sea monster in Greek mythology which both Perseus and Heracles needed to slay. Cetus is in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations: Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus.
Features
Ecliptic
Cetus is not among t... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carina%20%28constellation%29 | Carina (constellation) | Carina ( ) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
History and myt... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelopardalis | Camelopardalis | Camelopardalis is a large but faint constellation of the northern sky representing a giraffe. The constellation was introduced in 1612 or 1613 by Petrus Plancius. Some older astronomy books give Camelopardalus or Camelopardus as alternative forms of the name, but the version recognized by the International Astronomical... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis%20Major | Canis Major | Canis Major is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. In the second century, it was included in Ptolemy's 48 constellations, and is counted among the 88 modern constellations. Its name is Latin for "greater dog" in contrast to Canis Minor, the "lesser dog"; both figures are commonly represented as follow... | Physical sciences | Constellations | null |
6367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis%20Minor | Canis Minor | Canis Minor is a small constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. In the second century, it was included as an asterism, or pattern, of two stars in Ptolemy's 48 constellations, and it is counted among the 88 modern constellations. Its name is Latin for "lesser dog", in contrast to Canis Major, the "greater do... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurus | Centaurus | Centaurus is a bright constellation in the southern sky. One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations. In Greek mythology, Centaurus represents a centaur; a creature that is half hu... | Physical sciences | Constellations | null |
6416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact%20crater | Impact crater | An impact crater is a depression in the surface of a solid astronomical body formed by the hypervelocity impact of a smaller object. In contrast to volcanic craters, which result from explosion or internal collapse, impact craters typically have raised rims and floors that are lower in elevation than the surrounding te... | Physical sciences | Geology | null |
6420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona%20Borealis | Corona Borealis | Corona Borealis is a small constellation in the Northern Celestial Hemisphere. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its brightest stars form a semicircular arc. Its Latin name, inspired by its shape, means "northern crown". In... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus%20%28constellation%29 | Cygnus (constellation) | Cygnus is a northern constellation on the plane of the Milky Way, deriving its name from the Latinized Greek word for swan. Cygnus is one of the most recognizable constellations of the northern summer and autumn, and it features a prominent asterism known as the Northern Cross (in contrast to the Southern Cross). Cygnu... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calorie | Calorie | The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. The large calorie, food calorie, dietary calorie, kilocalorie, or kilogram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). The small calorie or gram calo... | Physical sciences | Energy, power, force and pressure | null |
6424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona%20Australis | Corona Australis | Corona Australis is a constellation in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Its Latin name means "southern crown", and it is the southern counterpart of Corona Borealis, the northern crown. It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.... | Physical sciences | Other | Astronomy |
6429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20disc | Compact disc | The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings. It uses the Compact Disc Digital Audio format which typically provides 74 minutes of audio on a disc. In later years, the compact disc was adapted for non-audio compu... | Technology | Non-volatile memory | null |
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