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Change the programming language of this snippet from Elixir to VB without modifying what it does.
defmodule Priority do def create, do: :gb_trees.empty def insert( element, priority, queue ), do: :gb_trees.enter( priority, element, queue ) def peek( queue ) do {_priority, element, _new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) element end def task do items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}] queue = Enum.reduce(items, create, fn({priority, element}, acc) -> insert( element, priority, acc ) end) IO.puts "peek priority: Enum.reduce(1..length(items), queue, fn(_n, q) -> write_top( q ) end) end def top( queue ) do {_priority, element, new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) {element, new_queue} end defp write_top( q ) do {element, new_queue} = top( q ) IO.puts "top priority: new_queue end end Priority.task
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Change the programming language of this snippet from Elixir to VB without modifying what it does.
defmodule Priority do def create, do: :gb_trees.empty def insert( element, priority, queue ), do: :gb_trees.enter( priority, element, queue ) def peek( queue ) do {_priority, element, _new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) element end def task do items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}] queue = Enum.reduce(items, create, fn({priority, element}, acc) -> insert( element, priority, acc ) end) IO.puts "peek priority: Enum.reduce(1..length(items), queue, fn(_n, q) -> write_top( q ) end) end def top( queue ) do {_priority, element, new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) {element, new_queue} end defp write_top( q ) do {element, new_queue} = top( q ) IO.puts "top priority: new_queue end end Priority.task
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Change the programming language of this snippet from Elixir to Go without modifying what it does.
defmodule Priority do def create, do: :gb_trees.empty def insert( element, priority, queue ), do: :gb_trees.enter( priority, element, queue ) def peek( queue ) do {_priority, element, _new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) element end def task do items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}] queue = Enum.reduce(items, create, fn({priority, element}, acc) -> insert( element, priority, acc ) end) IO.puts "peek priority: Enum.reduce(1..length(items), queue, fn(_n, q) -> write_top( q ) end) end def top( queue ) do {_priority, element, new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) {element, new_queue} end defp write_top( q ) do {element, new_queue} = top( q ) IO.puts "top priority: new_queue end end Priority.task
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Generate a Go translation of this Elixir snippet without changing its computational steps.
defmodule Priority do def create, do: :gb_trees.empty def insert( element, priority, queue ), do: :gb_trees.enter( priority, element, queue ) def peek( queue ) do {_priority, element, _new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) element end def task do items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}] queue = Enum.reduce(items, create, fn({priority, element}, acc) -> insert( element, priority, acc ) end) IO.puts "peek priority: Enum.reduce(1..length(items), queue, fn(_n, q) -> write_top( q ) end) end def top( queue ) do {_priority, element, new_queue} = :gb_trees.take_smallest( queue ) {element, new_queue} end defp write_top( q ) do {element, new_queue} = top( q ) IO.puts "top priority: new_queue end end Priority.task
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Generate a C translation of this Erlang snippet without changing its computational steps.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Erlang code.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Port the following code from Erlang to C# with equivalent syntax and logic.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Generate an equivalent C# version of this Erlang code.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Port the following code from Erlang to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Erlang to C++ without modifying what it does.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Erlang to Java, same semantics.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Port the provided Erlang code into Java while preserving the original functionality.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Python.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Erlang to Python, same semantics.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Convert this Erlang block to VB, preserving its control flow and logic.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in VB.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Convert this Erlang snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
-module( priority_queue ). -export( [create/0, insert/3, peek/1, task/0, top/1] ). create() -> gb_trees:empty(). insert( Element, Priority, Queue ) -> gb_trees:enter( Priority, Element, Queue ). peek( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, _New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), Element. task() -> Items = [{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}, {2, "Tax return"}], Queue = lists:foldl( fun({Priority, Element}, Acc) -> insert( Element, Priority, Acc ) end, create(), Items ), io:fwrite( "peek priority: ~p~n", [peek( Queue )] ), lists:foldl( fun(_N, Q) -> write_top( Q ) end, Queue, lists:seq(1, erlang:length(Items)) ). top( Queue ) -> {_Priority, Element, New_queue} = gb_trees:take_smallest( Queue ), {Element, New_queue}. write_top( Q ) -> {Element, New_queue} = top( Q ), io:fwrite( "top priority: ~p~n", [Element] ), New_queue.
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this F# implementation.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Convert this F# snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Port the following code from F# to C# with equivalent syntax and logic.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Convert this F# snippet to C# and keep its semantics consistent.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Write a version of this F# function in C++ with identical behavior.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Port the provided F# code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Translate this program into Java but keep the logic exactly as in F#.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from F# to Java, same semantics.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Transform the following F# implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Translate the given F# code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Transform the following F# implementation into VB, maintaining the same output and logic.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Please provide an equivalent version of this F# code in VB.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Convert this F# snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Write a version of this F# function in Go with identical behavior.
[<RequireQualifiedAccess>] module PriorityQ = type 'a treeElement = struct val k:uint32 val v:'a new(k,v) = { k=k;v=v } end type 'a tree = Node of uint32 * 'a treeElement * 'a tree list type 'a heap = 'a tree list [<CompilationRepresentation(CompilationRepresentationFlags.UseNullAsTrueValue)>] [<NoEquality; NoComparison>] type 'a outerheap = | HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty of 'a treeElement * 'a heap let empty = HeapEmpty let isEmpty = function | HeapEmpty -> true | _ -> false let inline private rank (Node(r,_,_)) = r let inline private root (Node(_,x,_)) = x exception Empty_Heap let peekMin = function | HeapEmpty -> None | HeapNotEmpty(min, _) -> Some (min.k, min.v) let rec private findMin heap = match heap with | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> root node,[] | topnode::heap' -> let min,subheap = findMin heap' in let rtn = root topnode match subheap with | [] -> if rtn.k > min.k then min,[] else rtn,[] | minnode::heap'' -> let rmn = root minnode if rtn.k <= rmn.k then rtn,heap else rmn,minnode::topnode::heap'' let private mergeTree (Node(r,kv1,ts1) as tree1) (Node (_,kv2,ts2) as tree2) = if kv1.k > kv2.k then Node(r+1u,kv2,tree1::ts2) else Node(r+1u,kv1,tree2::ts1) let rec private insTree (newnode: 'a tree) heap = match heap with | [] -> [newnode] | topnode::heap' -> if (rank newnode) < (rank topnode) then newnode::heap else insTree (mergeTree newnode topnode) heap' let push k v = let kv = treeElement(k,v) in let nn = Node(0u,kv,[]) function | HeapEmpty -> HeapNotEmpty(kv,[nn]) | HeapNotEmpty(min,heap) -> let nmin = if k > min.k then min else kv HeapNotEmpty(nmin,insTree nn heap) let rec private merge' heap1 heap2 = match heap1,heap2 with | _,[] -> heap1 | [],_ -> heap2 | topheap1::heap1',topheap2::heap2' -> match compare (rank topheap1) (rank topheap2) with | -1 -> topheap1::merge' heap1' heap2 | 1 -> topheap2::merge' heap1 heap2' | _ -> insTree (mergeTree topheap1 topheap2) (merge' heap1' heap2') let merge oheap1 oheap2 = match oheap1,oheap2 with | _,HeapEmpty -> oheap1 | HeapEmpty,_ -> oheap2 | HeapNotEmpty(min1,heap1),HeapNotEmpty(min2,heap2) -> let min = if min1.k > min2.k then min2 else min1 HeapNotEmpty(min,merge' heap1 heap2) let rec private removeMinTree = function | [] -> raise Empty_Heap | [node] -> node,[] | t::ts -> let t',ts' = removeMinTree ts if (root t).k <= (root t').k then t,ts else t',t::ts' let deleteMin = function | HeapEmpty -> HeapEmpty | HeapNotEmpty(_,heap) -> match heap with | [] -> HeapEmpty | [Node(_,_,heap')] -> match heap' with | [] -> HeapEmpty | _ -> let min,_ = findMin heap' HeapNotEmpty(min,heap') | _::_ -> let Node(_,_,ts1),ts2 = removeMinTree heap let nheap = merge' (List.rev ts1) ts2 in let min,_ = findMin nheap HeapNotEmpty(min,nheap) let replaceMin k v pq = push k v (deleteMin pq) let fromSeq sq = Seq.fold (fun pq (k, v) -> push k v pq) empty sq let popMin pq = match peekMin pq with | None -> None | Some(kv) -> Some(kv, deleteMin pq) let toSeq pq = Seq.unfold popMin pq let sort sq = sq |> fromSeq |> toSeq let adjust f pq = pq |> toSeq |> Seq.map (fun (k, v) -> f k v) |> fromSeq
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Generate an equivalent C version of this Factor code.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Translate the given Factor code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C# version of this Factor code.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Change the following Factor code into C# without altering its purpose.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Factor.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Transform the following Factor implementation into Java, maintaining the same output and logic.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Factor code.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Convert the following code from Factor to Python, ensuring the logic remains intact.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Produce a functionally identical VB code for the snippet given in Factor.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in VB.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Generate an equivalent Go version of this Factor code.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Change the following Factor code into Go without altering its purpose.
<min-heap> [ { { 3 "Clear drains" } { 4 "Feed cat" } { 5 "Make tea" } { 1 "Solve RC tasks" } { 2 "Tax return" } } swap heap-push-all ] [ [ print ] slurp-heap ] bi
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Forth to C, same semantics.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Forth to C.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Convert this Forth snippet to C# and keep its semantics consistent.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C# instead of Forth, keeping it the same logically?
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Translate this program into C++ but keep the logic exactly as in Forth.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Forth code in C++.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original Forth code.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Transform the following Forth implementation into Python, maintaining the same output and logic.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Forth to Python.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Forth to VB.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Transform the following Forth implementation into VB, maintaining the same output and logic.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Convert the following code from Forth to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in Forth.
#! /usr/bin/gforth 10 CONSTANT INITIAL-CAPACITY : new-queue 2 INITIAL-CAPACITY 3 * + cells allocate throw INITIAL-CAPACITY over ! 0 over cell + ! ; : delete-queue free throw ; : queue-capacity @ ; : queue-size cell + @ ; : resize-queue dup queue-capacity 2 * dup >r 3 * 2 + cells resize throw r> over ! ; : ix->addr 3 * 2 + cells + ; : ix! ix->addr tuck 2 cells + ! tuck cell + ! ! ; : ix@ ix->addr dup @ swap cell + dup @ swap cell + @ ; : ix->priority ix->addr @ ; : ix<->ix -rot over swap 2over swap 2>r 2dup ix@ 2>r >r 2>r swap ix@ 2r> ix! r> 2r> 2r> ix! ; : ix-parent dup 0> IF 1- 2/ THEN ; : ix-left-son 2* 1+ ; : ix-right-son 2* 2 + ; : swap? rot >r 2dup r> tuck swap ix->priority >r tuck swap ix->priority r> > IF -rot ix<->ix true ELSE 2drop drop false THEN ; : ix? swap queue-size < ; : bubble-up 2dup dup ix-parent swap swap? IF ix-parent recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ; : bubble-down 2dup ix-right-son ix? IF 2dup ix-left-son ix->priority >r 2dup ix-right-son ix->priority r> < IF 2dup dup ix-right-son swap? IF ix-right-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ELSE 2dup ix-left-son ix? IF 2dup dup ix-left-son swap? IF ix-left-son recurse ELSE 2drop THEN ELSE 2drop THEN THEN ; : >queue dup queue-capacity over queue-size = IF resize-queue THEN dup >r dup queue-size ix! r> 1 over cell + +! dup dup queue-size 1- bubble-up ; : queue> dup queue-size 0= IF 1 throw THEN dup 0 ix@ 2>r >r dup >r dup dup queue-size 1- ix@ r> 0 ix! dup cell + -1 swap +! 0 bubble-down r> 2r> ; : drain-queue dup queue-size 0> IF dup queue> rot . ." - " type cr recurse ELSE drop THEN ; new-queue >r 3 s" Clear drains" r> >queue >r 4 s" Feed cat" r> >queue >r 5 s" Make tea" r> >queue >r 1 s" Solve RC tasks" r> >queue >r 2 s" Tax return" r> >queue drain-queue
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Fortran to C#, same semantics.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Convert the following code from Fortran to C#, ensuring the logic remains intact.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Generate an equivalent C++ version of this Fortran code.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Fortran code.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Convert the following code from Fortran to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Fortran version.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Fortran version.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Change the following Fortran code into Java without altering its purpose.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Produce a functionally identical Python code for the snippet given in Fortran.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Change the programming language of this snippet from Fortran to Python without modifying what it does.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Fortran.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Convert the following code from Fortran to VB, ensuring the logic remains intact.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Fortran to PHP.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
<?php $pq = new SplPriorityQueue; $pq->insert('Clear drains', 3); $pq->insert('Feed cat', 4); $pq->insert('Make tea', 5); $pq->insert('Solve RC tasks', 1); $pq->insert('Tax return', 2); $pq->setExtractFlags(SplPriorityQueue::EXTR_BOTH); while (!$pq->isEmpty()) { print_r($pq->extract()); } ?>
Transform the following Fortran implementation into PHP, maintaining the same output and logic.
module priority_queue_mod implicit none type node character (len=100) :: task integer :: priority end type type queue type(node), allocatable :: buf(:) integer :: n = 0 contains procedure :: top procedure :: enqueue procedure :: siftdown end type contains subroutine siftdown(this, a) class (queue) :: this integer :: a, parent, child associate (x => this%buf) parent = a do while(parent*2 <= this%n) child = parent*2 if (child + 1 <= this%n) then if (x(child+1)%priority > x(child)%priority ) then child = child +1 end if end if if (x(parent)%priority < x(child)%priority) then x([child, parent]) = x([parent, child]) parent = child else exit end if end do end associate end subroutine function top(this) result (res) class(queue) :: this type(node) :: res res = this%buf(1) this%buf(1) = this%buf(this%n) this%n = this%n - 1 call this%siftdown(1) end function subroutine enqueue(this, priority, task) class(queue), intent(inout) :: this integer :: priority character(len=*) :: task type(node) :: x type(node), allocatable :: tmp(:) integer :: i x%priority = priority x%task = task this%n = this%n +1 if (.not.allocated(this%buf)) allocate(this%buf(1)) if (size(this%buf)<this%n) then allocate(tmp(2*size(this%buf))) tmp(1:this%n-1) = this%buf call move_alloc(tmp, this%buf) end if this%buf(this%n) = x i = this%n do i = i / 2 if (i==0) exit call this%siftdown(i) end do end subroutine end module program main use priority_queue_mod type (queue) :: q type (node) :: x call q%enqueue(3, "Clear drains") call q%enqueue(4, "Feed cat") call q%enqueue(5, "Make Tea") call q%enqueue(1, "Solve RC tasks") call q%enqueue(2, "Tax return") do while (q%n >0) x = q%top() print "(g0,a,a)", x%priority, " -> ", trim(x%task) end do end program
<?php $pq = new SplPriorityQueue; $pq->insert('Clear drains', 3); $pq->insert('Feed cat', 4); $pq->insert('Make tea', 5); $pq->insert('Solve RC tasks', 1); $pq->insert('Tax return', 2); $pq->setExtractFlags(SplPriorityQueue::EXTR_BOTH); while (!$pq->isEmpty()) { print_r($pq->extract()); } ?>
Write a version of this Groovy function in C with identical behavior.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Groovy, keeping it the same logically?
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C# version of this Groovy code.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Ensure the translated C# code behaves exactly like the original Groovy snippet.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Generate a C++ translation of this Groovy snippet without changing its computational steps.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Translate the given Groovy code snippet into C++ without altering its behavior.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Write the same code in Java as shown below in Groovy.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Groovy to Java.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Generate a Python translation of this Groovy snippet without changing its computational steps.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Can you help me rewrite this code in Python instead of Groovy, keeping it the same logically?
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Groovy to VB, same semantics.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Convert the following code from Groovy to VB, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Transform the following Groovy implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Transform the following Groovy implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
import groovy.transform.Canonical @Canonical class Task implements Comparable<Task> { int priority String name int compareTo(Task o) { priority <=> o?.priority } } new PriorityQueue<Task>().with { add new Task(priority: 3, name: 'Clear drains') add new Task(priority: 4, name: 'Feed cat') add new Task(priority: 5, name: 'Make tea') add new Task(priority: 1, name: 'Solve RC tasks') add new Task(priority: 2, name: 'Tax return') while (!empty) { println remove() } }
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Haskell.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Translate the given Haskell code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { int priority; char *data; } node_t; typedef struct { node_t *nodes; int len; int size; } heap_t; void push (heap_t *h, int priority, char *data) { if (h->len + 1 >= h->size) { h->size = h->size ? h->size * 2 : 4; h->nodes = (node_t *)realloc(h->nodes, h->size * sizeof (node_t)); } int i = h->len + 1; int j = i / 2; while (i > 1 && h->nodes[j].priority > priority) { h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[j]; i = j; j = j / 2; } h->nodes[i].priority = priority; h->nodes[i].data = data; h->len++; } char *pop (heap_t *h) { int i, j, k; if (!h->len) { return NULL; } char *data = h->nodes[1].data; h->nodes[1] = h->nodes[h->len]; h->len--; i = 1; while (i!=h->len+1) { k = h->len+1; j = 2 * i; if (j <= h->len && h->nodes[j].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j; } if (j + 1 <= h->len && h->nodes[j + 1].priority < h->nodes[k].priority) { k = j + 1; } h->nodes[i] = h->nodes[k]; i = k; } return data; } int main () { heap_t *h = (heap_t *)calloc(1, sizeof (heap_t)); push(h, 3, "Clear drains"); push(h, 4, "Feed cat"); push(h, 5, "Make tea"); push(h, 1, "Solve RC tasks"); push(h, 2, "Tax return"); int i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%s\n", pop(h)); } return 0; }
Generate a C# translation of this Haskell snippet without changing its computational steps.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Port the provided Haskell code into C# while preserving the original functionality.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace PriorityQueueExample { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var p = new PriorityQueue<string, int>(); p.Enqueue("Clear drains", 3); p.Enqueue("Feed cat", 4); p.Enqueue("Make tea", 5); p.Enqueue("Solve RC tasks", 1); p.Enqueue("Tax return", 2); while (p.TryDequeue(out string task, out int priority)) { Console.WriteLine($"{priority}\t{task}"); } } } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C++ so it works the same as the original Haskell code.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Transform the following Haskell implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <queue> #include <utility> int main() { std::priority_queue<std::pair<int, std::string> > pq; pq.push(std::make_pair(3, "Clear drains")); pq.push(std::make_pair(4, "Feed cat")); pq.push(std::make_pair(5, "Make tea")); pq.push(std::make_pair(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.push(std::make_pair(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.empty()) { std::cout << pq.top().first << ", " << pq.top().second << std::endl; pq.pop(); } return 0; }
Convert the following code from Haskell to Java, ensuring the logic remains intact.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Rewrite this program in Java while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Haskell version.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
import java.util.PriorityQueue; class Task implements Comparable<Task> { final int priority; final String name; public Task(int p, String n) { priority = p; name = n; } public String toString() { return priority + ", " + name; } public int compareTo(Task other) { return priority < other.priority ? -1 : priority > other.priority ? 1 : 0; } public static void main(String[] args) { PriorityQueue<Task> pq = new PriorityQueue<Task>(); pq.add(new Task(3, "Clear drains")); pq.add(new Task(4, "Feed cat")); pq.add(new Task(5, "Make tea")); pq.add(new Task(1, "Solve RC tasks")); pq.add(new Task(2, "Tax return")); while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.println(pq.remove()); } }
Translate the given Haskell code snippet into Python without altering its behavior.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
>>> import queue >>> pq = queue.PriorityQueue() >>> for item in ((3, "Clear drains"), (4, "Feed cat"), (5, "Make tea"), (1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")): pq.put(item) >>> while not pq.empty(): print(pq.get_nowait()) (1, 'Solve RC tasks') (2, 'Tax return') (3, 'Clear drains') (4, 'Feed cat') (5, 'Make tea') >>>
Convert this Haskell snippet to VB and keep its semantics consistent.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Generate an equivalent VB version of this Haskell code.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
Type Tuple Priority As Integer Data As String End Type Dim a() As Tuple Dim n As Integer Private Function Left(i As Integer) As Integer Left = 2 * i + 1 End Function Private Function Right(i As Integer) As Integer Right = 2 * i + 2 End Function Private Function Parent(i As Integer) As Integer Parent = (i - 1) \ 2 End Function Private Sub Add(fPriority As Integer, fData As String) n = n + 1 If n > UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(2 * n) a(n - 1).Priority = fPriority a(n - 1).Data = fData bubbleUp (n - 1) End Sub Private Sub Swap(i As Integer, j As Integer) Dim t As Tuple t = a(i) a(i) = a(j) a(j) = t End Sub Private Sub bubbleUp(i As Integer) Dim p As Integer p = Parent(i) Do While i > 0 And a(i).Priority < a(p).Priority Swap i, p i = p p = Parent(i) Loop End Sub Private Function Remove() As Tuple Dim x As Tuple x = a(0) a(0) = a(n - 1) n = n - 1 trickleDown 0 If 3 * n < UBound(a) Then ReDim Preserve a(UBound(a) \ 2) Remove = x End Function Private Sub trickleDown(i As Integer) Dim j As Integer, l As Integer, r As Integer Do j = -1 r = Right(i) If r < n And a(r).Priority < a(i).Priority Then l = Left(i) If a(l).Priority < a(r).Priority Then j = l Else j = r End If Else l = Left(i) If l < n And a(l).Priority < a(i).Priority Then j = l End If If j >= 0 Then Swap i, j i = j Loop While i >= 0 End Sub Public Sub PQ() ReDim a(4) Add 3, "Clear drains" Add 4, "Feed cat" Add 5, "Make tea" Add 1, "Solve RC tasks" Add 2, "Tax return" Dim t As Tuple Do While n > 0 t = Remove Debug.Print t.Priority, t.Data Loop End Sub
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Haskell version.
import Data.PQueue.Prio.Min main = print (toList (fromList [(3, "Clear drains"),(4, "Feed cat"),(5, "Make tea"),(1, "Solve RC tasks"), (2, "Tax return")]))
package main import ( "fmt" "container/heap" ) type Task struct { priority int name string } type TaskPQ []Task func (self TaskPQ) Len() int { return len(self) } func (self TaskPQ) Less(i, j int) bool { return self[i].priority < self[j].priority } func (self TaskPQ) Swap(i, j int) { self[i], self[j] = self[j], self[i] } func (self *TaskPQ) Push(x interface{}) { *self = append(*self, x.(Task)) } func (self *TaskPQ) Pop() (popped interface{}) { popped = (*self)[len(*self)-1] *self = (*self)[:len(*self)-1] return } func main() { pq := &TaskPQ{{3, "Clear drains"}, {4, "Feed cat"}, {5, "Make tea"}, {1, "Solve RC tasks"}} heap.Init(pq) heap.Push(pq, Task{2, "Tax return"}) for pq.Len() != 0 { fmt.Println(heap.Pop(pq)) } }