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Can you help me rewrite this code in VB instead of Pascal, keeping it the same logically?
program topologicalsortrosetta; uses cwstring, cthreads, Classes, SysUtils; type RNodeIndex = record NodeName: WideString; Order: integer; end; RDepGraph = record Node: integer; DependsOn: integer; end; TTopologicalSort = class(TObject) private Nodes: array of RNodeIndex; DependencyGraph: array of RDepGraph; FCanBeSorted: boolean; function SearchNode(NodeName: WideString): integer; function SearchIndex(NodeID: integer): WideString; function DepFromNodeID(NodeID: integer): integer; function DepFromDepID(DepID: integer): integer; function DepFromNodeIDDepID(NodeID, DepID: integer): integer; procedure DelDependency(const Index: integer); public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; procedure SortOrder(var Output: TStringList); procedure AddNode(NodeName: WideString); procedure AddDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); procedure AddNodeDependencies(NodeAndDependencies: TStringList); procedure DelDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); property CanBeSorted: boolean read FCanBeSorted; end; const INVALID = -1; function TTopologicalSort.SearchNode(NodeName: WideString): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(Nodes) do begin if Nodes[Counter].NodeName = NodeName then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.SearchIndex(NodeID: integer): WideString; begin if (NodeID > 0) and (NodeID <= High(Nodes)) then begin Result := Nodes[NodeID].NodeName; end else begin Result := 'ERROR'; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.DepFromNodeID(NodeID: integer): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin if DependencyGraph[Counter].Node = NodeID then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.DepFromDepID(DepID: integer): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin if DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn = DepID then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.DepFromNodeIDDepID(NodeID, DepID: integer): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin if DependencyGraph[Counter].Node = NodeID then if DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn = DepID then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.DelDependency(const Index: integer); var Counter: integer; OriginalLength: integer; begin OriginalLength := Length(DependencyGraph); if Index = OriginalLength - 1 then begin SetLength(DependencyGraph, OriginalLength - 1); end; if Index < OriginalLength - 1 then begin for Counter := Index to OriginalLength - 2 do begin DependencyGraph[Counter] := DependencyGraph[Counter + 1]; end; SetLength(DependencyGraph, OriginalLength - 1); end; if Index > OriginalLength - 1 then begin raise Exception.Create('Tried to delete index ' + IntToStr(Index) + ' while the maximum index was ' + IntToStr(OriginalLength - 1)); end; end; constructor TTopologicalSort.Create; begin inherited Create; end; destructor TTopologicalSort.Destroy; begin Finalize(DependencyGraph); Finalize(Nodes); inherited; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.SortOrder(var Output: TStringList); var Counter: integer; NodeCounter: integer; OutputSortOrder: integer; DidSomething: boolean; Node: integer; begin OutputSortOrder := 0; DidSomething := True; FCanBeSorted := True; while (DidSomething = True) do begin for Counter := 0 to High(Nodes) do begin if DepFromNodeID(Counter) = INVALID then begin if DepFromDepID(Counter) = INVALID then begin DidSomething := True; if (Nodes[Counter].Order = INVALID) or (Nodes[Counter].Order > OutputSortOrder) then begin Nodes[Counter].Order := OutputSortOrder; end; end; end; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder + 1; DidSomething := False; for Counter := High(DependencyGraph) downto 0 do begin Node := DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn; if (DepFromNodeID(Node) = INVALID) then begin DidSomething := True; DelDependency(Counter); if (Nodes[Node].Order = INVALID) or (Nodes[Node].Order > OutputSortOrder) then begin Nodes[Node].Order := OutputSortOrder; end; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder + 1; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder + 1; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder - 1; if (High(DependencyGraph) > 0) then begin FCanBeSorted := False; Output.Add('Cycle (circular dependency) detected, cannot sort further. Dependencies left:'); for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin Output.Add(SearchIndex(DependencyGraph[Counter].Node) + ' depends on: ' + SearchIndex(DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn)); end; end else begin for Counter := 0 to OutputSortOrder do begin for NodeCounter := 0 to High(Nodes) do begin if Nodes[NodeCounter].Order = Counter then begin Output.Add(Nodes[NodeCounter].NodeName); end; end; end; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.AddNode(NodeName: WideString); var NodesNewLength: integer; begin if SearchNode(NodeName) = INVALID then begin NodesNewLength := Length(Nodes) + 1; SetLength(Nodes, NodesNewLength); Nodes[NodesNewLength - 1].NodeName := NodeName; Nodes[NodesNewLength - 1].Order := INVALID; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.AddDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); begin if SearchNode(NodeName) = INVALID then begin Self.AddNode(NodeName); end; if SearchNode(DependsOn) = INVALID then begin Self.AddNode(DependsOn); end; if NodeName <> DependsOn then begin SetLength(DependencyGraph, Length(DependencyGraph) + 1); DependencyGraph[High(DependencyGraph)].Node := SearchNode(NodeName); DependencyGraph[High(DependencyGraph)].DependsOn := SearchNode(DependsOn); end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.AddNodeDependencies(NodeAndDependencies: TStringList); var Deplist: TStringList; StringCounter: integer; NodeCounter: integer; begin if Assigned(NodeAndDependencies) then begin DepList := TStringList.Create; try for StringCounter := 0 to NodeAndDependencies.Count - 1 do begin DepList.Delimiter := ' '; DepList.StrictDelimiter := False; DepList.DelimitedText := NodeAndDependencies[StringCounter]; for NodeCounter := 0 to DepList.Count - 1 do begin if NodeCounter = 0 then begin Self.AddNode(Deplist[0]); end; if NodeCounter > 0 then begin Self.AddDependency(DepList[0], DepList[NodeCounter]); end; end; end; finally DepList.Free; end; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.DelDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); var NodeID: integer; DependsID: integer; Dependency: integer; begin NodeID := Self.SearchNode(NodeName); DependsID := Self.SearchNode(DependsOn); if (NodeID <> INVALID) and (DependsID <> INVALID) then begin Dependency := Self.DepFromNodeIDDepID(NodeID, DependsID); if (Dependency <> INVALID) then begin Self.DelDependency(Dependency); end; end; end; var InputList: TStringList; TopSort: TTopologicalSort; OutputList: TStringList; Counter: integer; begin InputList := TStringList.Create; InputList.Add( 'des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'); InputList.Add('dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech'); InputList.Add('dw02 ieee dw02 dware'); InputList.Add('dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'); InputList.Add('dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'); InputList.Add('dw05 dw05 ieee dware'); InputList.Add('dw06 dw06 ieee dware'); InputList.Add('dw07 ieee dware'); InputList.Add('dware ieee dware'); InputList.Add('gtech ieee gtech'); InputList.Add('ramlib std ieee'); InputList.Add('std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib'); InputList.Add('synopsys'); TopSort := TTopologicalSort.Create; OutputList := TStringList.Create; try TopSort.AddNodeDependencies(InputList); TopSort.SortOrder(OutputList); for Counter := 0 to OutputList.Count - 1 do begin writeln(OutputList[Counter]); end; except on E: Exception do begin Writeln(stderr, 'Error: ', DateTimeToStr(Now), ': Error sorting. Technical details: ', E.ClassName, '/', E.Message); end; end; OutputList.Free; TopSort.Free; InputList.Free; end.
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Change the programming language of this snippet from Pascal to Go without modifying what it does.
program topologicalsortrosetta; uses cwstring, cthreads, Classes, SysUtils; type RNodeIndex = record NodeName: WideString; Order: integer; end; RDepGraph = record Node: integer; DependsOn: integer; end; TTopologicalSort = class(TObject) private Nodes: array of RNodeIndex; DependencyGraph: array of RDepGraph; FCanBeSorted: boolean; function SearchNode(NodeName: WideString): integer; function SearchIndex(NodeID: integer): WideString; function DepFromNodeID(NodeID: integer): integer; function DepFromDepID(DepID: integer): integer; function DepFromNodeIDDepID(NodeID, DepID: integer): integer; procedure DelDependency(const Index: integer); public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; procedure SortOrder(var Output: TStringList); procedure AddNode(NodeName: WideString); procedure AddDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); procedure AddNodeDependencies(NodeAndDependencies: TStringList); procedure DelDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); property CanBeSorted: boolean read FCanBeSorted; end; const INVALID = -1; function TTopologicalSort.SearchNode(NodeName: WideString): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(Nodes) do begin if Nodes[Counter].NodeName = NodeName then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.SearchIndex(NodeID: integer): WideString; begin if (NodeID > 0) and (NodeID <= High(Nodes)) then begin Result := Nodes[NodeID].NodeName; end else begin Result := 'ERROR'; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.DepFromNodeID(NodeID: integer): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin if DependencyGraph[Counter].Node = NodeID then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.DepFromDepID(DepID: integer): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin if DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn = DepID then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; function TTopologicalSort.DepFromNodeIDDepID(NodeID, DepID: integer): integer; var Counter: integer; begin Result := INVALID; for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin if DependencyGraph[Counter].Node = NodeID then if DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn = DepID then begin Result := Counter; break; end; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.DelDependency(const Index: integer); var Counter: integer; OriginalLength: integer; begin OriginalLength := Length(DependencyGraph); if Index = OriginalLength - 1 then begin SetLength(DependencyGraph, OriginalLength - 1); end; if Index < OriginalLength - 1 then begin for Counter := Index to OriginalLength - 2 do begin DependencyGraph[Counter] := DependencyGraph[Counter + 1]; end; SetLength(DependencyGraph, OriginalLength - 1); end; if Index > OriginalLength - 1 then begin raise Exception.Create('Tried to delete index ' + IntToStr(Index) + ' while the maximum index was ' + IntToStr(OriginalLength - 1)); end; end; constructor TTopologicalSort.Create; begin inherited Create; end; destructor TTopologicalSort.Destroy; begin Finalize(DependencyGraph); Finalize(Nodes); inherited; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.SortOrder(var Output: TStringList); var Counter: integer; NodeCounter: integer; OutputSortOrder: integer; DidSomething: boolean; Node: integer; begin OutputSortOrder := 0; DidSomething := True; FCanBeSorted := True; while (DidSomething = True) do begin for Counter := 0 to High(Nodes) do begin if DepFromNodeID(Counter) = INVALID then begin if DepFromDepID(Counter) = INVALID then begin DidSomething := True; if (Nodes[Counter].Order = INVALID) or (Nodes[Counter].Order > OutputSortOrder) then begin Nodes[Counter].Order := OutputSortOrder; end; end; end; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder + 1; DidSomething := False; for Counter := High(DependencyGraph) downto 0 do begin Node := DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn; if (DepFromNodeID(Node) = INVALID) then begin DidSomething := True; DelDependency(Counter); if (Nodes[Node].Order = INVALID) or (Nodes[Node].Order > OutputSortOrder) then begin Nodes[Node].Order := OutputSortOrder; end; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder + 1; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder + 1; end; OutputSortOrder := OutputSortOrder - 1; if (High(DependencyGraph) > 0) then begin FCanBeSorted := False; Output.Add('Cycle (circular dependency) detected, cannot sort further. Dependencies left:'); for Counter := 0 to High(DependencyGraph) do begin Output.Add(SearchIndex(DependencyGraph[Counter].Node) + ' depends on: ' + SearchIndex(DependencyGraph[Counter].DependsOn)); end; end else begin for Counter := 0 to OutputSortOrder do begin for NodeCounter := 0 to High(Nodes) do begin if Nodes[NodeCounter].Order = Counter then begin Output.Add(Nodes[NodeCounter].NodeName); end; end; end; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.AddNode(NodeName: WideString); var NodesNewLength: integer; begin if SearchNode(NodeName) = INVALID then begin NodesNewLength := Length(Nodes) + 1; SetLength(Nodes, NodesNewLength); Nodes[NodesNewLength - 1].NodeName := NodeName; Nodes[NodesNewLength - 1].Order := INVALID; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.AddDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); begin if SearchNode(NodeName) = INVALID then begin Self.AddNode(NodeName); end; if SearchNode(DependsOn) = INVALID then begin Self.AddNode(DependsOn); end; if NodeName <> DependsOn then begin SetLength(DependencyGraph, Length(DependencyGraph) + 1); DependencyGraph[High(DependencyGraph)].Node := SearchNode(NodeName); DependencyGraph[High(DependencyGraph)].DependsOn := SearchNode(DependsOn); end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.AddNodeDependencies(NodeAndDependencies: TStringList); var Deplist: TStringList; StringCounter: integer; NodeCounter: integer; begin if Assigned(NodeAndDependencies) then begin DepList := TStringList.Create; try for StringCounter := 0 to NodeAndDependencies.Count - 1 do begin DepList.Delimiter := ' '; DepList.StrictDelimiter := False; DepList.DelimitedText := NodeAndDependencies[StringCounter]; for NodeCounter := 0 to DepList.Count - 1 do begin if NodeCounter = 0 then begin Self.AddNode(Deplist[0]); end; if NodeCounter > 0 then begin Self.AddDependency(DepList[0], DepList[NodeCounter]); end; end; end; finally DepList.Free; end; end; end; procedure TTopologicalSort.DelDependency(NodeName, DependsOn: WideString); var NodeID: integer; DependsID: integer; Dependency: integer; begin NodeID := Self.SearchNode(NodeName); DependsID := Self.SearchNode(DependsOn); if (NodeID <> INVALID) and (DependsID <> INVALID) then begin Dependency := Self.DepFromNodeIDDepID(NodeID, DependsID); if (Dependency <> INVALID) then begin Self.DelDependency(Dependency); end; end; end; var InputList: TStringList; TopSort: TTopologicalSort; OutputList: TStringList; Counter: integer; begin InputList := TStringList.Create; InputList.Add( 'des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'); InputList.Add('dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech'); InputList.Add('dw02 ieee dw02 dware'); InputList.Add('dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'); InputList.Add('dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'); InputList.Add('dw05 dw05 ieee dware'); InputList.Add('dw06 dw06 ieee dware'); InputList.Add('dw07 ieee dware'); InputList.Add('dware ieee dware'); InputList.Add('gtech ieee gtech'); InputList.Add('ramlib std ieee'); InputList.Add('std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib'); InputList.Add('synopsys'); TopSort := TTopologicalSort.Create; OutputList := TStringList.Create; try TopSort.AddNodeDependencies(InputList); TopSort.SortOrder(OutputList); for Counter := 0 to OutputList.Count - 1 do begin writeln(OutputList[Counter]); end; except on E: Exception do begin Writeln(stderr, 'Error: ', DateTimeToStr(Now), ': Error sorting. Technical details: ', E.ClassName, '/', E.Message); end; end; OutputList.Free; TopSort.Free; InputList.Free; end.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Transform the following Perl implementation into C#, maintaining the same output and logic.
sub print_topo_sort { my %deps = @_; my %ba; while ( my ( $before, $afters_aref ) = each %deps ) { for my $after ( @{ $afters_aref } ) { $ba{$before}{$after} = 1 if $before ne $after; $ba{$after} ||= {}; } } while ( my @afters = sort grep { ! %{ $ba{$_} } } keys %ba ) { print "@afters\n"; delete @ba{@afters}; delete @{$_}{@afters} for values %ba; } print !!%ba ? "Cycle found! ". join( ' ', sort keys %ba ). "\n" : "---\n"; } my %deps = ( des_system_lib => [qw( std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee )], dw01 => [qw( ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw02 => [qw( ieee dw02 dware )], dw03 => [qw( std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech )], dw04 => [qw( dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw05 => [qw( dw05 ieee dware )], dw06 => [qw( dw06 ieee dware )], dw07 => [qw( ieee dware )], dware => [qw( ieee dware )], gtech => [qw( ieee gtech )], ramlib => [qw( std ieee )], std_cell_lib => [qw( ieee std_cell_lib )], synopsys => [qw( )], ); print_topo_sort(%deps); push @{ $deps{'dw01'} }, 'dw04'; print_topo_sort(%deps);
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Perl code in C++.
sub print_topo_sort { my %deps = @_; my %ba; while ( my ( $before, $afters_aref ) = each %deps ) { for my $after ( @{ $afters_aref } ) { $ba{$before}{$after} = 1 if $before ne $after; $ba{$after} ||= {}; } } while ( my @afters = sort grep { ! %{ $ba{$_} } } keys %ba ) { print "@afters\n"; delete @ba{@afters}; delete @{$_}{@afters} for values %ba; } print !!%ba ? "Cycle found! ". join( ' ', sort keys %ba ). "\n" : "---\n"; } my %deps = ( des_system_lib => [qw( std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee )], dw01 => [qw( ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw02 => [qw( ieee dw02 dware )], dw03 => [qw( std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech )], dw04 => [qw( dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw05 => [qw( dw05 ieee dware )], dw06 => [qw( dw06 ieee dware )], dw07 => [qw( ieee dware )], dware => [qw( ieee dware )], gtech => [qw( ieee gtech )], ramlib => [qw( std ieee )], std_cell_lib => [qw( ieee std_cell_lib )], synopsys => [qw( )], ); print_topo_sort(%deps); push @{ $deps{'dw01'} }, 'dw04'; print_topo_sort(%deps);
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Translate the given Perl code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
sub print_topo_sort { my %deps = @_; my %ba; while ( my ( $before, $afters_aref ) = each %deps ) { for my $after ( @{ $afters_aref } ) { $ba{$before}{$after} = 1 if $before ne $after; $ba{$after} ||= {}; } } while ( my @afters = sort grep { ! %{ $ba{$_} } } keys %ba ) { print "@afters\n"; delete @ba{@afters}; delete @{$_}{@afters} for values %ba; } print !!%ba ? "Cycle found! ". join( ' ', sort keys %ba ). "\n" : "---\n"; } my %deps = ( des_system_lib => [qw( std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee )], dw01 => [qw( ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw02 => [qw( ieee dw02 dware )], dw03 => [qw( std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech )], dw04 => [qw( dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw05 => [qw( dw05 ieee dware )], dw06 => [qw( dw06 ieee dware )], dw07 => [qw( ieee dware )], dware => [qw( ieee dware )], gtech => [qw( ieee gtech )], ramlib => [qw( std ieee )], std_cell_lib => [qw( ieee std_cell_lib )], synopsys => [qw( )], ); print_topo_sort(%deps); push @{ $deps{'dw01'} }, 'dw04'; print_topo_sort(%deps);
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Generate an equivalent Python version of this Perl code.
sub print_topo_sort { my %deps = @_; my %ba; while ( my ( $before, $afters_aref ) = each %deps ) { for my $after ( @{ $afters_aref } ) { $ba{$before}{$after} = 1 if $before ne $after; $ba{$after} ||= {}; } } while ( my @afters = sort grep { ! %{ $ba{$_} } } keys %ba ) { print "@afters\n"; delete @ba{@afters}; delete @{$_}{@afters} for values %ba; } print !!%ba ? "Cycle found! ". join( ' ', sort keys %ba ). "\n" : "---\n"; } my %deps = ( des_system_lib => [qw( std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee )], dw01 => [qw( ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw02 => [qw( ieee dw02 dware )], dw03 => [qw( std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech )], dw04 => [qw( dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw05 => [qw( dw05 ieee dware )], dw06 => [qw( dw06 ieee dware )], dw07 => [qw( ieee dware )], dware => [qw( ieee dware )], gtech => [qw( ieee gtech )], ramlib => [qw( std ieee )], std_cell_lib => [qw( ieee std_cell_lib )], synopsys => [qw( )], ); print_topo_sort(%deps); push @{ $deps{'dw01'} }, 'dw04'; print_topo_sort(%deps);
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Transform the following Perl implementation into VB, maintaining the same output and logic.
sub print_topo_sort { my %deps = @_; my %ba; while ( my ( $before, $afters_aref ) = each %deps ) { for my $after ( @{ $afters_aref } ) { $ba{$before}{$after} = 1 if $before ne $after; $ba{$after} ||= {}; } } while ( my @afters = sort grep { ! %{ $ba{$_} } } keys %ba ) { print "@afters\n"; delete @ba{@afters}; delete @{$_}{@afters} for values %ba; } print !!%ba ? "Cycle found! ". join( ' ', sort keys %ba ). "\n" : "---\n"; } my %deps = ( des_system_lib => [qw( std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee )], dw01 => [qw( ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw02 => [qw( ieee dw02 dware )], dw03 => [qw( std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech )], dw04 => [qw( dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw05 => [qw( dw05 ieee dware )], dw06 => [qw( dw06 ieee dware )], dw07 => [qw( ieee dware )], dware => [qw( ieee dware )], gtech => [qw( ieee gtech )], ramlib => [qw( std ieee )], std_cell_lib => [qw( ieee std_cell_lib )], synopsys => [qw( )], ); print_topo_sort(%deps); push @{ $deps{'dw01'} }, 'dw04'; print_topo_sort(%deps);
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this Perl implementation.
sub print_topo_sort { my %deps = @_; my %ba; while ( my ( $before, $afters_aref ) = each %deps ) { for my $after ( @{ $afters_aref } ) { $ba{$before}{$after} = 1 if $before ne $after; $ba{$after} ||= {}; } } while ( my @afters = sort grep { ! %{ $ba{$_} } } keys %ba ) { print "@afters\n"; delete @ba{@afters}; delete @{$_}{@afters} for values %ba; } print !!%ba ? "Cycle found! ". join( ' ', sort keys %ba ). "\n" : "---\n"; } my %deps = ( des_system_lib => [qw( std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee )], dw01 => [qw( ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw02 => [qw( ieee dw02 dware )], dw03 => [qw( std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech )], dw04 => [qw( dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech )], dw05 => [qw( dw05 ieee dware )], dw06 => [qw( dw06 ieee dware )], dw07 => [qw( ieee dware )], dware => [qw( ieee dware )], gtech => [qw( ieee gtech )], ramlib => [qw( std ieee )], std_cell_lib => [qw( ieee std_cell_lib )], synopsys => [qw( )], ); print_topo_sort(%deps); push @{ $deps{'dw01'} }, 'dw04'; print_topo_sort(%deps);
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Port the provided PowerShell code into C# while preserving the original functionality.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in PowerShell.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Transform the following PowerShell implementation into Java, maintaining the same output and logic.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Write a version of this PowerShell function in Python with identical behavior.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Transform the following PowerShell implementation into VB, maintaining the same output and logic.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Port the provided PowerShell code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
$a=@" des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys "@ $c = switch ( $a.split([char] 10) ) { $_ { $b=$_.split(' ') New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library = $b[0] "Library Dependencies" = @( $( $b[1..($b.length-1)] | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' } ) ) } } } $c | ForEach-Object { $_."Library Dependencies" | Where-Object { $d=$_ $(:andl foreach($i in $c) { if($d -match $i.Library) { $false break andl } }) -eq $null } | ForEach-Object { $c+=New-Object PSObject -Property @{ Library=$_ "Library Dependencies"=@() } } } $d = $c | Sort Library | Select-Object Library,"Library Dependencies",@{ Name="Dep Value" Expression={ 1 } } for( $i=0; $i -lt $d.count; $i++ ) { $errmsg="" foreach( $j in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $i } ) ) { if( $( :orl foreach( $k in $d[$j]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $k -match $d[$i].Library ) { foreach( $n in $d[$i]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $n -match $d[$j].Library ) { $errmsg="Error Cyclic Dependency {0}<->{1}" -f $d[$i].Library, $d[$j].Library break } } $true break orl } } ) ) { if( $j -lt $i ) { foreach( $l in ( 0..( $d.count - 1 ) | Where-Object { $_ -ne $j } ) ) { if( $( :orl2 foreach( $m in $d[$l]."Library Dependencies" ) { if( $m -match $d[$j].Library ) { $true break orl2 } } ) ) { $d[$l]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } } } $d[$j]."Dep Value"+=$d[$i]."Dep Value" } if( $errmsg -ne "" ) { $errmsg $d=$null break } } } if( $d ) { $d | Sort "Dep Value",Library | ForEach-Object { "{0,-14} LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES`n{1,-14} ====================" -f "LIBRARY", "=======" } { "{0,-14} $($_."Library Dependencies")" -f $_.Library } }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Convert this R snippet to C# and keep its semantics consistent.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the R version.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Java.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Convert this R snippet to Python and keep its semantics consistent.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Rewrite this program in VB while keeping its functionality equivalent to the R version.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original R snippet.
deps <- list( "des_system_lib" = c("std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"), "dw01" = c("ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech", "dw04"), "dw02" = c("ieee", "dw02", "dware"), "dw03" = c("std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"), "dw04" = c("dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"), "dw05" = c("dw05", "ieee", "dware"), "dw06" = c("dw06", "ieee", "dware"), "dw07" = c("ieee", "dware"), "dware" = c("ieee", "dware"), "gtech" = c("ieee", "gtech"), "ramlib" = c("std", "ieee"), "std_cell_lib" = c("ieee", "std_cell_lib"), "synopsys" = c())
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Racket code in C.
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C# code for the snippet given in Racket.
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Port the provided Racket code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Translate the given Racket code snippet into Java without altering its behavior.
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Racket code in Python.
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Racket to VB.
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of Racket, keeping it the same logically?
#lang racket (define G (make-hash '((des_system_lib . (std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee)) (dw01 . (ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw02 . (ieee dw02 dware)) (dw03 . (std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech)) (dw04 . (dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech)) (dw05 . (dw05 ieee dware)) (dw06 . (dw06 ieee dware)) (dw07 . (ieee dware)) (dware . (ieee dware)) (gtech . (ieee gtech)) (ramlib . (std ieee)) (std_cell_lib . (ieee std_cell_lib)) (synopsys . ())))) (define (clean G) (define G* (hash-copy G)) (for ([(from tos) G]) (hash-set! G* from (remove from tos)) (for ([to tos]) (hash-update! G* to (λ(_)_) '()))) G*) (define (incoming G) (define in (make-hash)) (for* ([(from tos) G] [to tos]) (hash-update! in to (λ(fs) (cons from fs)) '())) in) (define (nodes G) (hash-keys G)) (define (out G n) (hash-ref G n '())) (define (remove! G n m) (hash-set! G n (remove m (out G n)))) (define (topo-sort G) (define n (length (nodes G))) (define in (incoming G)) (define (no-incoming? n) (empty? (hash-ref in n '()))) (let loop ([L '()] [S (list->set (filter no-incoming? (nodes G)))]) (cond [(set-empty? S) (if (= (length L) n) L (error 'topo-sort (~a "cycle detected" G)))] [else (define n (set-first S)) (define S\n (set-rest S)) (for ([m (out G n)]) (remove! G n m) (remove! in m n) (when (no-incoming? m) (set! S\n (set-add S\n m)))) (loop (cons n L) S\n)]))) (topo-sort (clean G))
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Change the programming language of this snippet from REXX to C without modifying what it does.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Write a version of this REXX function in C# with identical behavior.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Ensure the translated C++ code behaves exactly like the original REXX snippet.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this REXX implementation.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from REXX to Python.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Convert the following code from REXX to VB, ensuring the logic remains intact.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Write a version of this REXX function in Go with identical behavior.
iDep.= 0; iPos.= 0; iOrd.= 0 nL= 15; nd= 44; nc= 69 label= 'DES_SYSTEM_LIB DW01 DW02 DW03 DW04 DW05 DW06 DW07' , 'DWARE GTECH RAMLIB STD_CELL_LIB SYNOPSYS STD IEEE' iCode= 1 14 13 12 1 3 2 11 15 0 2 15 2 9 10 0 3 15 3 9 0 4 14 213 9 4 3 2 15 10 0 5 5 15 , 2 9 10 0 6 6 15 9 0 7 7 15 9 0 8 15 9 0 39 15 9 0 10 15 10 0 11 14 15 0 12 15 12 0 0 j= 0 do i=1 iL= word(iCode, i); if iL==0 then leave do forever; i= i+1 iR= word(iCode, i); if iR==0 then leave j= j+1; iDep.j.1= iL iDep.j.2= iR end end call tSort say '═══compile order═══' @= 'libraries found.)' #=0; do o=nO by -1 for nO; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.o) end say ' ('# @; say say '═══unordered libraries═══' #=0; do u=nO+1 to nL; #= #+1; say word(label, iOrd.u) end say ' ('# "unordered" @ exit tSort: procedure expose iDep. iOrd. iPos. nd nL nO do i=1 for nL; iOrd.i= i; iPos.i= i end k= 1 do until k<=j; j = k; k= nL+1 do i=1 for nd; iL = iDep.i.1; iR= iPos.iL ipL= iPos.iL; ipR= iPos.iR if iL==iR | ipL>.k | ipL<j | ipR<j then iterate k= k-1 _= iOrd.k; iPos._ = ipL iPos.iL= k iOrd.ipL= iOrd.k; iOrd.k = iL end end nO= j-1; return
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Transform the following Ruby implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Ruby to C# without modifying what it does.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Port the following code from Ruby to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original Ruby code.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Ruby snippet.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Write the same code in VB as shown below in Ruby.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original Ruby snippet.
require 'tsort' class Hash include TSort alias tsort_each_node each_key def tsort_each_child(node, &block) fetch(node).each(&block) end end depends = {} DATA.each do |line| key, *libs = line.split depends[key] = libs libs.each {|lib| depends[lib] ||= []} end begin p depends.tsort depends["dw01"] << "dw04" p depends.tsort rescue TSort::Cyclic => e puts "\ncycle detected: end __END__ des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Scala.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Write a version of this Scala function in C# with identical behavior.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Convert this Scala snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Ensure the translated Java code behaves exactly like the original Scala snippet.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Python.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Change the programming language of this snippet from Scala to VB without modifying what it does.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Scala to Go.
val s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05, " + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys" val deps = mutableListOf( 2 to 0, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 12, 2 to 1, 3 to 1, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, 4 to 1, 4 to 10, 5 to 0, 5 to 14, 5 to 10, 5 to 4, 5 to 3, 5 to 1, 5 to 11, 6 to 1, 6 to 3, 6 to 10, 6 to 11, 7 to 1, 7 to 10, 8 to 1, 8 to 10, 9 to 1, 9 to 10, 10 to 1, 11 to 1, 12 to 0, 12 to 1, 13 to 1 ) class Graph(s: String, edges: List<Pair<Int,Int>>) { val vertices = s.split(", ") val numVertices = vertices.size val adjacency = List(numVertices) { BooleanArray(numVertices) } init { for (edge in edges) adjacency[edge.first][edge.second] = true } fun hasDependency(r: Int, todo: List<Int>): Boolean { return todo.any { adjacency[r][it] } } fun topoSort(): List<String>? { val result = mutableListOf<String>() val todo = MutableList<Int>(numVertices) { it } try { outer@ while(!todo.isEmpty()) { for ((i, r) in todo.withIndex()) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.removeAt(i) result.add(vertices[r]) continue@outer } } throw Exception("Graph has cycles") } } catch (e: Exception) { println(e) return null } return result } } fun main(args: Array<String>) { val g = Graph(s, deps) println("Topologically sorted order:") println(g.topoSort()) println() deps.add(10, 3 to 6) val g2 = Graph(s, deps) println("Following the addition of dw04 to the dependencies of dw01:") println(g2.topoSort()) }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Swift snippet.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C# code for the snippet given in Swift.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Swift.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Write the same algorithm in Java as shown in this Swift implementation.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Ensure the translated Python code behaves exactly like the original Swift snippet.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Convert this Swift snippet to VB and keep its semantics consistent.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in Swift.
let libs = [ ("des_system_lib", ["std", "synopsys", "std_cell_lib", "des_system_lib", "dw02", "dw01", "ramlib", "ieee"]), ("dw01", ["ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw02", ["ieee", "dw02", "dware"]), ("dw03", ["std", "synopsys", "dware", "dw03", "dw02", "dw01", "ieee", "gtech"]), ("dw04", ["dw04", "ieee", "dw01", "dware", "gtech"]), ("dw05", ["dw05", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw06", ["dw06", "ieee", "dware"]), ("dw07", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("dware", ["ieee", "dware"]), ("gtech", ["ieee", "gtech"]), ("ramlib", ["std", "ieee"]), ("std_cell_lib", ["ieee", "std_cell_lib"]), ("synopsys", []) ] struct Library { var name: String var children: [String] var numParents: Int } func buildLibraries(_ input: [(String, [String])]) -> [String: Library] { var libraries = [String: Library]() for (name, parents) in input { var numParents = 0 for parent in parents where parent != name { numParents += 1 libraries[parent, default: Library(name: parent, children: [], numParents: 0)].children.append(name) } libraries[name, default: Library(name: name, children: [], numParents: numParents)].numParents = numParents } return libraries } func topologicalSort(libs: [String: Library]) -> [String]? { var libs = libs var needsProcessing = Set(libs.keys) var options = libs.compactMap({ $0.value.numParents == 0 ? $0.key : nil }) var sorted = [String]() while let cur = options.popLast() { for children in libs[cur]?.children ?? [] { libs[children]?.numParents -= 1 if libs[children]?.numParents == 0 { options.append(libs[children]!.name) } } libs[cur]?.children.removeAll() sorted.append(cur) needsProcessing.remove(cur) } guard needsProcessing.isEmpty else { return nil } return sorted } print(topologicalSort(libs: buildLibraries(libs))!)
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Write a version of this Tcl function in C with identical behavior.
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Tcl to C#.
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
Write a version of this Tcl function in C++ with identical behavior.
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Java so it works the same as the original Tcl code.
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
Rewrite this program in Python while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Tcl version.
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Translate this program into VB but keep the logic exactly as in Tcl.
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of Tcl, keeping it the same logically?
package require Tcl 8.5 proc topsort {data} { dict for {node depends} $data { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $node]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } foreach node $depends {dict lappend data $node} } set sorted {} while 1 { set avail [dict keys [dict filter $data value {}]] if {![llength $avail]} { if {[dict size $data]} { error "graph is cyclic, possibly involving nodes \"[dict keys $data]\"" } return $sorted } lappend sorted {*}[lsort $avail] dict for {node depends} $data { foreach n $avail { if {[set i [lsearch -exact $depends $n]] >= 0} { set depends [lreplace $depends $i $i] dict set data $node $depends } } } foreach node $avail { dict unset data $node } } }
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
Convert the following code from C to Rust, ensuring the logic remains intact.
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> char input[] = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; typedef struct item_t item_t, *item; struct item_t { const char *name; int *deps, n_deps, idx, depth; }; int get_item(item *list, int *len, const char *name) { int i; item lst = *list; for (i = 0; i < *len; i++) if (!strcmp(lst[i].name, name)) return i; lst = *list = realloc(lst, ++*len * sizeof(item_t)); i = *len - 1; memset(lst + i, 0, sizeof(item_t)); lst[i].idx = i; lst[i].name = name; return i; } void add_dep(item it, int i) { if (it->idx == i) return; it->deps = realloc(it->deps, (it->n_deps + 1) * sizeof(int)); it->deps[it->n_deps++] = i; } int parse_input(item *ret) { int n_items = 0; int i, parent, idx; item list = 0; char *s, *e, *word, *we; for (s = input; ; s = 0) { if (!(s = strtok_r(s, "\n", &e))) break; for (i = 0, word = s; ; i++, word = 0) { if (!(word = strtok_r(word, " \t", &we))) break; idx = get_item(&list, &n_items, word); if (!i) parent = idx; else add_dep(list + parent, idx); } } *ret = list; return n_items; } int get_depth(item list, int idx, int bad) { int max, i, t; if (!list[idx].deps) return list[idx].depth = 1; if ((t = list[idx].depth) < 0) return t; list[idx].depth = bad; for (max = i = 0; i < list[idx].n_deps; i++) { if ((t = get_depth(list, list[idx].deps[i], bad)) < 0) { max = t; break; } if (max < t + 1) max = t + 1; } return list[idx].depth = max; } int main() { int i, j, n, bad = -1, max, min; item items; n = parse_input(&items); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!items[i].depth && get_depth(items, i, bad) < 0) bad--; for (i = 0, max = min = 0; i < n; i++) { if (items[i].depth > max) max = items[i].depth; if (items[i].depth < min) min = items[i].depth; } printf("Compile order:\n"); for (i = min; i <= max; i++) { if (!i) continue; if (i < 0) printf(" [unorderable]"); else printf("%d:", i); for (j = 0; j < n || !putchar('\n'); j++) if (items[j].depth == i) printf(" %s", items[j].name); } return 0; }
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
Produce a functionally identical Rust code for the snippet given in C++.
#include <map> #include <set> template<typename Goal> class topological_sorter { protected: struct relations { std::size_t dependencies; std::set<Goal> dependents; }; std::map<Goal, relations> map; public: void add_goal(Goal const &goal) { map[goal]; } void add_dependency(Goal const &goal, Goal const &dependency) { if (dependency == goal) return; auto &dependents = map[dependency].dependents; if (dependents.find(goal) == dependents.end()) { dependents.insert(goal); ++map[goal].dependencies; } } template<typename Container> void add_dependencies(Goal const &goal, Container const &dependencies) { for (auto const &dependency : dependencies) add_dependency(goal, dependency); } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void destructive_sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { sorted.clear(); unsortable.clear(); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); } for (std::size_t index = 0; index < sorted.size(); ++index) for (auto const &goal : map[sorted[index]].dependents) if (--map[goal].dependencies == 0) sorted.push_back(goal); for (auto const &lookup : map) { auto const &goal = lookup.first; auto const &relations = lookup.second; if (relations.dependencies != 0) unsortable.push_back(goal); } } template<typename ResultContainer, typename CyclicContainer> void sort(ResultContainer &sorted, CyclicContainer &unsortable) { topological_sorter<Goal> temporary = *this; temporary.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); } void clear() { map.clear(); } }; #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> using namespace std; void display_heading(string const &message) { cout << endl << "~ " << message << " ~" << endl; } void display_results(string const &input) { topological_sorter<string> sorter; vector<string> sorted, unsortable; stringstream lines(input); string line; while (getline(lines, line)) { stringstream buffer(line); string goal, dependency; buffer >> goal; sorter.add_goal(goal); while (buffer >> dependency) sorter.add_dependency(goal, dependency); } sorter.destructive_sort(sorted, unsortable); if (sorted.size() == 0) display_heading("Error: no independent variables found!"); else { display_heading("Result"); for (auto const &goal : sorted) cout << goal << endl; } if (unsortable.size() != 0) { display_heading("Error: cyclic dependencies detected!"); for (auto const &goal : unsortable) cout << goal << endl; } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc == 1) { string example = "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n" "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n" "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n" "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n" "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n" "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n" "dw07 ieee dware\n" "dware ieee dware\n" "gtech ieee gtech\n" "ramlib std ieee\n" "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n" "synopsys\n" "cycle_11 cycle_12\n" "cycle_12 cycle_11\n" "cycle_21 dw01 cycle_22 dw02 dw03\n" "cycle_22 cycle_21 dw01 dw04"; display_heading("Example: each line starts with a goal followed by it's dependencies"); cout << example << endl; display_results(example); display_heading("Enter lines of data (press enter when finished)"); string line, data; while (getline(cin, line) && !line.empty()) data += line + '\n'; if (!data.empty()) display_results(data); } else while (*(++argv)) { ifstream file(*argv); typedef istreambuf_iterator<char> iterator; display_results(string(iterator(file), iterator())); } }
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Rust so it works the same as the original C# code.
namespace Algorithms { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class TopologicalSorter<ValueType> { private class Relations { public int Dependencies = 0; public HashSet<ValueType> Dependents = new HashSet<ValueType>(); } private Dictionary<ValueType, Relations> _map = new Dictionary<ValueType, Relations>(); public void Add(ValueType obj) { if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); } public void Add(ValueType obj, ValueType dependency) { if (dependency.Equals(obj)) return; if (!_map.ContainsKey(dependency)) _map.Add(dependency, new Relations()); var dependents = _map[dependency].Dependents; if (!dependents.Contains(obj)) { dependents.Add(obj); if (!_map.ContainsKey(obj)) _map.Add(obj, new Relations()); ++_map[obj].Dependencies; } } public void Add(ValueType obj, IEnumerable<ValueType> dependencies) { foreach (var dependency in dependencies) Add(obj, dependency); } public void Add(ValueType obj, params ValueType[] dependencies) { Add(obj, dependencies as IEnumerable<ValueType>); } public Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>> Sort() { List<ValueType> sorted = new List<ValueType>(), cycled = new List<ValueType>(); var map = _map.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value); sorted.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies == 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); for (int idx = 0; idx < sorted.Count; ++idx) sorted.AddRange(map[sorted[idx]].Dependents.Where(k => --map[k].Dependencies == 0)); cycled.AddRange(map.Where(kvp => kvp.Value.Dependencies != 0).Select(kvp => kvp.Key)); return new Tuple<IEnumerable<ValueType>, IEnumerable<ValueType>>(sorted, cycled); } public void Clear() { _map.Clear(); } } } namespace ExampleApplication { using Algorithms; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Task { public string Message; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Task> tasks = new List<Task> { new Task{ Message = "A - depends on B and C" }, new Task{ Message = "B - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "C - depends on D and E" }, new Task{ Message = "D - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "E - depends on F, G and H" }, new Task{ Message = "F - depends on I" }, new Task{ Message = "G - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "H - depends on none" }, new Task{ Message = "I - depends on none" }, }; TopologicalSorter<Task> resolver = new TopologicalSorter<Task>(); resolver.Add(tasks[0], new[] { tasks[1], tasks[2] }); resolver.Add(tasks[2], new[] { tasks[3], tasks[4] }); resolver.Add(tasks[4], tasks[5], tasks[6], tasks[7]); resolver.Add(tasks[5], tasks[8]); var result = resolver.Sort(); var sorted = result.Item1; var cycled = result.Item2; if (!cycled.Any()) { foreach (var d in sorted) Console.WriteLine(d.Message); } else { Console.Write("Cycled dependencies detected: "); foreach (var d in cycled) Console.Write($"{d.Message[0]} "); Console.WriteLine(); } Console.WriteLine("exiting..."); } } }
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Rust instead of Java, keeping it the same logically?
import java.util.*; public class TopologicalSort { public static void main(String[] args) { String s = "std, ieee, des_system_lib, dw01, dw02, dw03, dw04, dw05," + "dw06, dw07, dware, gtech, ramlib, std_cell_lib, synopsys"; Graph g = new Graph(s, new int[][]{ {2, 0}, {2, 14}, {2, 13}, {2, 4}, {2, 3}, {2, 12}, {2, 1}, {3, 1}, {3, 10}, {3, 11}, {4, 1}, {4, 10}, {5, 0}, {5, 14}, {5, 10}, {5, 4}, {5, 3}, {5, 1}, {5, 11}, {6, 1}, {6, 3}, {6, 10}, {6, 11}, {7, 1}, {7, 10}, {8, 1}, {8, 10}, {9, 1}, {9, 10}, {10, 1}, {11, 1}, {12, 0}, {12, 1}, {13, 1} }); System.out.println("Topologically sorted order: "); System.out.println(g.topoSort()); } } class Graph { String[] vertices; boolean[][] adjacency; int numVertices; public Graph(String s, int[][] edges) { vertices = s.split(","); numVertices = vertices.length; adjacency = new boolean[numVertices][numVertices]; for (int[] edge : edges) adjacency[edge[0]][edge[1]] = true; } List<String> topoSort() { List<String> result = new ArrayList<>(); List<Integer> todo = new LinkedList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) todo.add(i); try { outer: while (!todo.isEmpty()) { for (Integer r : todo) { if (!hasDependency(r, todo)) { todo.remove(r); result.add(vertices[r]); continue outer; } } throw new Exception("Graph has cycles"); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(e); return null; } return result; } boolean hasDependency(Integer r, List<Integer> todo) { for (Integer c : todo) { if (adjacency[r][c]) return true; } return false; } }
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Rust so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var data = ` LIBRARY LIBRARY DEPENDENCIES ======= ==================== des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw02 ieee dw02 dware dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw05 dw05 ieee dware dw06 dw06 ieee dware dw07 ieee dware dware ieee dware gtech ieee gtech ramlib std ieee std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib synopsys ` func main() { g, in, err := parseLibComp(data) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } order, cyclic := topSortKahn(g, in) if cyclic != nil { fmt.Println("Cyclic:", cyclic) return } fmt.Println("Order:", order) } type graph map[string][]string type inDegree map[string]int func parseLibComp(data string) (g graph, in inDegree, err error) { lines := strings.Split(data, "\n") if len(lines) < 3 || !strings.HasPrefix(lines[2], "=") { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("data format") } lines = lines[3:] g = graph{} in = inDegree{} for _, line := range lines { libs := strings.Fields(line) if len(libs) == 0 { continue } lib := libs[0] g[lib] = g[lib] for _, dep := range libs[1:] { in[dep] = in[dep] if dep == lib { continue } successors := g[dep] for i := 0; ; i++ { if i == len(successors) { g[dep] = append(successors, lib) in[lib]++ break } if dep == successors[i] { break } } } } return g, in, nil } func topSortKahn(g graph, in inDegree) (order, cyclic []string) { var L, S []string rem := inDegree{} for n, d := range in { if d == 0 { S = append(S, n) } else { rem[n] = d } } for len(S) > 0 { last := len(S) - 1 n := S[last] S = S[:last] L = append(L, n) for _, m := range g[n] { if rem[m] > 0 { rem[m]-- if rem[m] == 0 { S = append(S, m) } } } } for c, in := range rem { if in > 0 { for _, nb := range g[c] { if rem[nb] > 0 { cyclic = append(cyclic, c) break } } } } if len(cyclic) > 0 { return nil, cyclic } return L, nil }
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
Change the following Rust code into VB without altering its purpose.
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
class topological dim dictDependencies dim dictReported dim depth sub class_initialize set dictDependencies = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") set dictReported = createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") depth = 0 end sub sub reset dictReported.removeall end sub property let dependencies( s ) dim i, j ,k dim aList dim dep dim a1 aList = Split( s, vbNewLine ) do while aList( UBound( aList ) ) = vbnullstring redim preserve aList( UBound( aList ) - 1 ) loop for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) aList( i ) = Split( aList( i ), vbTab, 2 ) a1 = Split( aList( i )( 1 ), " " ) k = 0 for j = lbound( a1) to ubound(a1) if a1(j) <> aList(i)(0) then a1(k) = a1(j) k = k + 1 end if next redim preserve a1(k-1) aList(i)(1) = a1 next for i = lbound( aList ) to ubound( aList ) dep = aList(i)(0) if not dictDependencies.Exists( dep ) then dictDependencies.add dep, aList(i)(1) end if next end property sub resolve( s ) dim i dim deps depth = depth + 1 if dictDependencies.Exists(s) then deps = dictDependencies(s) for i = lbound(deps) to ubound(deps) resolve deps(i) next end if if not seen(s) then wscript.echo s see s end if depth = depth - 1 end sub function seen( key ) seen = dictReported.Exists( key ) end function sub see( key ) dictReported.add key, "" end sub property get keys keys = dictDependencies.keys end property end class
Write the same code in Python as shown below in Rust.
use std::boxed::Box; use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)] struct Library<'a> { name: &'a str, children: Vec<&'a str>, num_parents: usize, } fn build_libraries(input: Vec<&str>) -> HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> { let mut libraries: HashMap<&str, Box<Library>> = HashMap::new(); for input_line in input { let line_split = input_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<&str>>(); let name = line_split.get(0).unwrap(); let mut num_parents: usize = 0; for parent in line_split.iter().skip(1) { if parent == name { continue; } if !libraries.contains_key(parent) { libraries.insert( parent, Box::new(Library { name: parent, children: vec![name], num_parents: 0, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(parent).unwrap().children.push(name); } num_parents += 1; } if !libraries.contains_key(name) { libraries.insert( name, Box::new(Library { name, children: Vec::new(), num_parents, }), ); } else { libraries.get_mut(name).unwrap().num_parents = num_parents; } } libraries } fn topological_sort<'a>( mut libraries: HashMap<&'a str, Box<Library<'a>>>, ) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>, String> { let mut needs_processing = libraries .iter() .map(|(k, _v)| k.clone()) .collect::<HashSet<&str>>(); let mut options: Vec<&str> = libraries .iter() .filter(|(_k, v)| v.num_parents == 0) .map(|(k, _v)| *k) .collect(); let mut sorted: Vec<&str> = Vec::new(); while !options.is_empty() { let cur = options.pop().unwrap(); for children in libraries .get_mut(cur) .unwrap() .children .drain(0..) .collect::<Vec<&str>>() { let child = libraries.get_mut(children).unwrap(); child.num_parents -= 1; if child.num_parents == 0 { options.push(child.name) } } sorted.push(cur); needs_processing.remove(cur); } match needs_processing.is_empty() { true => Ok(sorted), false => Err(format!("Cycle detected among {:?}", needs_processing)), } } fn main() { let input: Vec<&str> = vec![ "des_system_lib std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee\n", "dw01 ieee dw01 dware gtech dw04\n", "dw02 ieee dw02 dware\n", "dw03 std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech\n", "dw04 dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech\n", "dw05 dw05 ieee dware\n", "dw06 dw06 ieee dware\n", "dw07 ieee dware\n", "dware ieee dware\n", "gtech ieee gtech\n", "ramlib std ieee\n", "std_cell_lib ieee std_cell_lib\n", "synopsys\n", ]; let libraries = build_libraries(input); match topological_sort(libraries) { Ok(sorted) => println!("{:?}", sorted), Err(msg) => println!("{:?}", msg), } }
try: from functools import reduce except: pass data = { 'des_system_lib': set('std synopsys std_cell_lib des_system_lib dw02 dw01 ramlib ieee'.split()), 'dw01': set('ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw02': set('ieee dw02 dware'.split()), 'dw03': set('std synopsys dware dw03 dw02 dw01 ieee gtech'.split()), 'dw04': set('dw04 ieee dw01 dware gtech'.split()), 'dw05': set('dw05 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw06': set('dw06 ieee dware'.split()), 'dw07': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'dware': set('ieee dware'.split()), 'gtech': set('ieee gtech'.split()), 'ramlib': set('std ieee'.split()), 'std_cell_lib': set('ieee std_cell_lib'.split()), 'synopsys': set(), } def toposort2(data): for k, v in data.items(): v.discard(k) extra_items_in_deps = reduce(set.union, data.values()) - set(data.keys()) data.update({item:set() for item in extra_items_in_deps}) while True: ordered = set(item for item,dep in data.items() if not dep) if not ordered: break yield ' '.join(sorted(ordered)) data = {item: (dep - ordered) for item,dep in data.items() if item not in ordered} assert not data, "A cyclic dependency exists amongst %r" % data print ('\n'.join( toposort2(data) ))
Write a version of this Ada function in C# with identical behavior.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { float myNumbers = 7.125F; string strnumber = Convert.ToString(myNumbers); Console.WriteLine(strnumber.PadLeft(9, '0')); Console.ReadLine(); } }
Write a version of this Ada function in C with identical behavior.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
#include <stdio.h> main(){ float r=7.125; printf(" %9.3f\n",-r); printf(" %9.3f\n",r); printf(" %-9.3f\n",r); printf(" %09.3f\n",-r); printf(" %09.3f\n",r); printf(" %-09.3f\n",r); return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Ada code in C++.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> int main() { std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(9) << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << 7.125 << std::endl; return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in Ada.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
fmt.Printf("%09.3f", 7.125)
Port the following code from Ada to Java with equivalent syntax and logic.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
public class Printing{ public static void main(String[] args){ double value = 7.125; System.out.printf("%09.3f",value); System.out.println(String.format("%09.3f",value)); } }
Rewrite this program in Python while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Ada version.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
from math import pi, exp r = exp(pi)-pi print r print "e=%e f=%f g=%g G=%G s=%s r=%r!"%(r,r,r,r,r,r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-9.4e f=%-9.4f g=%-9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-09.4e f=%-09.4f g=%-09.4g!"%(r,r,r)
Port the following code from Ada to VB with equivalent syntax and logic.
with Ada.Text_Io.Editing; use Ada.Text_Io.Editing; with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_Io; procedure Zero_Fill is Pic_String: String := "<999999.99>"; Pic : Picture := To_Picture(Pic_String); type Money is delta 0.01 digits 8; package Money_Output is new Decimal_Output(Money); use Money_Output; Value : Money := 37.25; begin Put(Item => Value, Pic => Pic); end Zero_Fill;
Option Explicit Sub Main() Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(2, 13, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(10, 5, 0.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230) End Sub Private Function fFormat(NbInt As Integer, NbDec As Integer, Nb As Double) As String Dim u As String, v As String, i As Integer u = CStr(Nb) i = InStr(u, Application.DecimalSeparator) If i > 0 Then v = Mid(u, i + 1) u = Left(u, i - 1) fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & Left(v & String(NbDec, "0"), NbDec) Else fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & String(NbDec, "0") End If End Function
Write a version of this Arturo function in C with identical behavior.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
#include <stdio.h> main(){ float r=7.125; printf(" %9.3f\n",-r); printf(" %9.3f\n",r); printf(" %-9.3f\n",r); printf(" %09.3f\n",-r); printf(" %09.3f\n",r); printf(" %-09.3f\n",r); return 0; }
Ensure the translated C# code behaves exactly like the original Arturo snippet.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { float myNumbers = 7.125F; string strnumber = Convert.ToString(myNumbers); Console.WriteLine(strnumber.PadLeft(9, '0')); Console.ReadLine(); } }
Generate a C++ translation of this Arturo snippet without changing its computational steps.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> int main() { std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(9) << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << 7.125 << std::endl; return 0; }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Arturo to Java, same semantics.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
public class Printing{ public static void main(String[] args){ double value = 7.125; System.out.printf("%09.3f",value); System.out.println(String.format("%09.3f",value)); } }
Rewrite this program in Python while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Arturo version.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
from math import pi, exp r = exp(pi)-pi print r print "e=%e f=%f g=%g G=%G s=%s r=%r!"%(r,r,r,r,r,r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-9.4e f=%-9.4f g=%-9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-09.4e f=%-09.4f g=%-09.4g!"%(r,r,r)
Ensure the translated VB code behaves exactly like the original Arturo snippet.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
Option Explicit Sub Main() Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(2, 13, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(10, 5, 0.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230) End Sub Private Function fFormat(NbInt As Integer, NbDec As Integer, Nb As Double) As String Dim u As String, v As String, i As Integer u = CStr(Nb) i = InStr(u, Application.DecimalSeparator) If i > 0 Then v = Mid(u, i + 1) u = Left(u, i - 1) fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & Left(v & String(NbDec, "0"), NbDec) Else fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & String(NbDec, "0") End If End Function
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Arturo to Go.
r: 7.125 print r print to :string .format: "09.3f" r
fmt.Printf("%09.3f", 7.125)
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the AutoHotKey version.
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
#include <stdio.h> main(){ float r=7.125; printf(" %9.3f\n",-r); printf(" %9.3f\n",r); printf(" %-9.3f\n",r); printf(" %09.3f\n",-r); printf(" %09.3f\n",r); printf(" %-09.3f\n",r); return 0; }
Generate a C# translation of this AutoHotKey snippet without changing its computational steps.
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { float myNumbers = 7.125F; string strnumber = Convert.ToString(myNumbers); Console.WriteLine(strnumber.PadLeft(9, '0')); Console.ReadLine(); } }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in AutoHotKey.
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> int main() { std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(9) << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << 7.125 << std::endl; return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Java instead of AutoHotKey, keeping it the same logically?
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
public class Printing{ public static void main(String[] args){ double value = 7.125; System.out.printf("%09.3f",value); System.out.println(String.format("%09.3f",value)); } }
Translate this program into Python but keep the logic exactly as in AutoHotKey.
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
from math import pi, exp r = exp(pi)-pi print r print "e=%e f=%f g=%g G=%G s=%s r=%r!"%(r,r,r,r,r,r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-9.4e f=%-9.4f g=%-9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-09.4e f=%-09.4f g=%-09.4g!"%(r,r,r)
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from AutoHotKey to VB.
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
Option Explicit Sub Main() Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(2, 13, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(10, 5, 0.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230) End Sub Private Function fFormat(NbInt As Integer, NbDec As Integer, Nb As Double) As String Dim u As String, v As String, i As Integer u = CStr(Nb) i = InStr(u, Application.DecimalSeparator) If i > 0 Then v = Mid(u, i + 1) u = Left(u, i - 1) fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & Left(v & String(NbDec, "0"), NbDec) Else fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & String(NbDec, "0") End If End Function
Change the following AutoHotKey code into Go without altering its purpose.
MsgBox % pad(7.25,7)   MsgBox % pad(-7.25,7)  pad(x,len) {  IfLess x,0, Return "-" pad(SubStr(x,2),len-1) VarSetCapacity(p,len,Asc("0")) Return SubStr(p x,1-len) }
fmt.Printf("%09.3f", 7.125)
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from AWK to C.
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
#include <stdio.h> main(){ float r=7.125; printf(" %9.3f\n",-r); printf(" %9.3f\n",r); printf(" %-9.3f\n",r); printf(" %09.3f\n",-r); printf(" %09.3f\n",r); printf(" %-09.3f\n",r); return 0; }
Transform the following AWK implementation into C#, maintaining the same output and logic.
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { float myNumbers = 7.125F; string strnumber = Convert.ToString(myNumbers); Console.WriteLine(strnumber.PadLeft(9, '0')); Console.ReadLine(); } }
Generate an equivalent C++ version of this AWK code.
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> int main() { std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(9) << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << 7.125 << std::endl; return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Java instead of AWK, keeping it the same logically?
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
public class Printing{ public static void main(String[] args){ double value = 7.125; System.out.printf("%09.3f",value); System.out.println(String.format("%09.3f",value)); } }
Write the same code in Python as shown below in AWK.
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
from math import pi, exp r = exp(pi)-pi print r print "e=%e f=%f g=%g G=%G s=%s r=%r!"%(r,r,r,r,r,r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%9.4e f=%9.4f g=%9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-9.4e f=%-9.4f g=%-9.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(-r,-r,-r) print "e=%09.4e f=%09.4f g=%09.4g!"%(r,r,r) print "e=%-09.4e f=%-09.4f g=%-09.4g!"%(r,r,r)
Convert this AWK snippet to VB and keep its semantics consistent.
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
Option Explicit Sub Main() Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(2, 13, 1230.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(10, 5, 0.3333) Debug.Print fFormat(13, 2, 1230) End Sub Private Function fFormat(NbInt As Integer, NbDec As Integer, Nb As Double) As String Dim u As String, v As String, i As Integer u = CStr(Nb) i = InStr(u, Application.DecimalSeparator) If i > 0 Then v = Mid(u, i + 1) u = Left(u, i - 1) fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & Left(v & String(NbDec, "0"), NbDec) Else fFormat = Right(String(NbInt, "0") & u, NbInt) & Application.DecimalSeparator & String(NbDec, "0") End If End Function
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go.
BEGIN { r=7.125 printf " %9.3f\n",-r printf " %9.3f\n",r printf " %-9.3f\n",r printf " %09.3f\n",-r printf " %09.3f\n",r printf " %-09.3f\n",r }
fmt.Printf("%09.3f", 7.125)
Write the same code in C as shown below in BBC_Basic.
PRINT FNformat(PI, 9, 3) PRINT FNformat(-PI, 9, 3) END DEF FNformat(n, sl%, dp%) LOCAL @% @% = &1020000 OR dp% << 8 IF n >= 0 THEN = RIGHT$(STRING$(sl%,"0") + STR$(n), sl%) ENDIF = "-" + RIGHT$(STRING$(sl%,"0") + STR$(-n), sl%-1)
#include <stdio.h> main(){ float r=7.125; printf(" %9.3f\n",-r); printf(" %9.3f\n",r); printf(" %-9.3f\n",r); printf(" %09.3f\n",-r); printf(" %09.3f\n",r); printf(" %-09.3f\n",r); return 0; }