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Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
Private Function Test4DiscreteUniformDistribution(ObservationFrequencies() As Variant, Significance As Single) As Boolean Dim Total As Long, Ei As Long, i As Integer Dim ChiSquared As Double, DegreesOfFreedom As Integer, p_value As Double Debug.Print "[1] ""Data set:"" "; For i = LBound(ObservationFrequencies) To UBound(ObservationFrequencies) Total = Total + ObservationFrequencies(i) Debug.Print ObservationFrequencies(i); " "; Next i DegreesOfFreedom = UBound(ObservationFrequencies) - LBound(ObservationFrequencies) Ei = Total / (DegreesOfFreedom + 1) For i = LBound(ObservationFrequencies) To UBound(ObservationFrequencies) ChiSquared = ChiSquared + (ObservationFrequencies(i) - Ei) ^ 2 / Ei Next i p_value = 1 - WorksheetFunction.ChiSq_Dist(ChiSquared, DegreesOfFreedom, True) Debug.Print Debug.Print " Chi-squared test for given frequencies" Debug.Print "X-squared ="; ChiSquared; ", "; Debug.Print "df ="; DegreesOfFreedom; ", "; Debug.Print "p-value = "; Format(p_value, "0.0000") Test4DiscreteUniformDistribution = p_value > Significance End Function Public Sub test() Dim O() As Variant O = [{199809,200665,199607,200270,199649}] Debug.Print "[1] ""Uniform? "; Test4DiscreteUniformDistribution(O, 0.05); """" O = [{522573,244456,139979,71531,21461}] Debug.Print "[1] ""Uniform? "; Test4DiscreteUniformDistribution(O, 0.05); """" End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type ifctn func(float64) float64 func simpson38(f ifctn, a, b float64, n int) float64 { h := (b - a) / float64(n) h1 := h / 3 sum := f(a) + f(b) for j := 3*n - 1; j > 0; j-- { if j%3 == 0 { sum += 2 * f(a+h1*float64(j)) } else { sum += 3 * f(a+h1*float64(j)) } } return h * sum / 8 } func gammaIncQ(a, x float64) float64 { aa1 := a - 1 var f ifctn = func(t float64) float64 { return math.Pow(t, aa1) * math.Exp(-t) } y := aa1 h := 1.5e-2 for f(y)*(x-y) > 2e-8 && y < x { y += .4 } if y > x { y = x } return 1 - simpson38(f, 0, y, int(y/h/math.Gamma(a))) } func chi2ud(ds []int) float64 { var sum, expected float64 for _, d := range ds { expected += float64(d) } expected /= float64(len(ds)) for _, d := range ds { x := float64(d) - expected sum += x * x } return sum / expected } func chi2p(dof int, distance float64) float64 { return gammaIncQ(.5*float64(dof), .5*distance) } const sigLevel = .05 func main() { for _, dset := range [][]int{ {199809, 200665, 199607, 200270, 199649}, {522573, 244456, 139979, 71531, 21461}, } { utest(dset) } } func utest(dset []int) { fmt.Println("Uniform distribution test") var sum int for _, c := range dset { sum += c } fmt.Println(" dataset:", dset) fmt.Println(" samples: ", sum) fmt.Println(" categories: ", len(dset)) dof := len(dset) - 1 fmt.Println(" degrees of freedom: ", dof) dist := chi2ud(dset) fmt.Println(" chi square test statistic: ", dist) p := chi2p(dof, dist) fmt.Println(" p-value of test statistic: ", p) sig := p < sigLevel fmt.Printf(" significant at %2.0f%% level? %t\n", sigLevel*100, sig) fmt.Println(" uniform? ", !sig, "\n") }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go.
Module Module1 Function GetGroup(s As String, depth As Integer) As Tuple(Of List(Of String), String) Dim out As New List(Of String) Dim comma = False While Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Dim gs = GetItem(s, depth) Dim g = gs.Item1 s = gs.Item2 If String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Then Exit While End If out.AddRange(g) If s(0) = "}" Then If comma Then Return Tuple.Create(out, s.Substring(1)) End If Return Tuple.Create(out.Select(Function(a) "{" + a + "}").ToList(), s.Substring(1)) End If If s(0) = "," Then comma = True s = s.Substring(1) End If End While Return Nothing End Function Function GetItem(s As String, Optional depth As Integer = 0) As Tuple(Of List(Of String), String) Dim out As New List(Of String) From {""} While Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(s) Dim c = s(0) If depth > 0 AndAlso (c = "," OrElse c = "}") Then Return Tuple.Create(out, s) End If If c = "{" Then Dim x = GetGroup(s.Substring(1), depth + 1) If Not IsNothing(x) Then Dim tout As New List(Of String) For Each a In out For Each b In x.Item1 tout.Add(a + b) Next Next out = tout s = x.Item2 Continue While End If End If If c = "\" AndAlso s.Length > 1 Then c += s(1) s = s.Substring(1) End If out = out.Select(Function(a) a + c).ToList() s = s.Substring(1) End While Return Tuple.Create(out, s) End Function Sub Main() For Each s In { "It{{em,alic}iz,erat}e{d,}, please.", "~/{Downloads,Pictures}/*.{jpg,gif,png}", "{,{,gotta have{ ,\, again\, }}more }cowbell!", "{}} some }{,{\\{ edge, edge} \,}{ cases, {here} \\\\\}" } Dim fmt = "{0}" + vbNewLine + vbTab + "{1}" Dim parts = GetItem(s) Dim res = String.Join(vbNewLine + vbTab, parts.Item1) Console.WriteLine(fmt, s, res) Next End Sub End Module
package expand type Expander interface { Expand() []string } type Text string func (t Text) Expand() []string { return []string{string(t)} } type Alternation []Expander func (alt Alternation) Expand() []string { var out []string for _, e := range alt { out = append(out, e.Expand()...) } return out } type Sequence []Expander func (seq Sequence) Expand() []string { if len(seq) == 0 { return nil } out := seq[0].Expand() for _, e := range seq[1:] { out = combine(out, e.Expand()) } return out } func combine(al, bl []string) []string { out := make([]string, 0, len(al)*len(bl)) for _, a := range al { for _, b := range bl { out = append(out, a+b) } } return out } const ( escape = '\\' altStart = '{' altEnd = '}' altSep = ',' ) type piT struct{ pos, cnt, depth int } type Brace string func Expand(s string) []string { return Brace(s).Expand() } func (b Brace) Expand() []string { return b.Expander().Expand() } func (b Brace) Expander() Expander { s := string(b) var posInfo []piT var stack []int removePosInfo := func(i int) { end := len(posInfo) - 1 copy(posInfo[i:end], posInfo[i+1:]) posInfo = posInfo[:end] } inEscape := false for i, r := range s { if inEscape { inEscape = false continue } switch r { case escape: inEscape = true case altStart: stack = append(stack, len(posInfo)) posInfo = append(posInfo, piT{i, 0, len(stack)}) case altEnd: if len(stack) == 0 { continue } si := len(stack) - 1 pi := stack[si] if posInfo[pi].cnt == 0 { removePosInfo(pi) for pi < len(posInfo) { if posInfo[pi].depth == len(stack) { removePosInfo(pi) } else { pi++ } } } else { posInfo = append(posInfo, piT{i, -2, len(stack)}) } stack = stack[:si] case altSep: if len(stack) == 0 { continue } posInfo = append(posInfo, piT{i, -1, len(stack)}) posInfo[stack[len(stack)-1]].cnt++ } } for len(stack) > 0 { si := len(stack) - 1 pi := stack[si] depth := posInfo[pi].depth removePosInfo(pi) for pi < len(posInfo) { if posInfo[pi].depth == depth { removePosInfo(pi) } else { pi++ } } stack = stack[:si] } return buildExp(s, 0, posInfo) } func buildExp(s string, off int, info []piT) Expander { if len(info) == 0 { return Text(s) } var seq Sequence i := 0 var dj, j, depth int for dk, piK := range info { k := piK.pos - off switch s[k] { case altStart: if depth == 0 { dj = dk j = k depth = piK.depth } case altEnd: if piK.depth != depth { continue } if j > i { seq = append(seq, Text(s[i:j])) } alt := buildAlt(s[j+1:k], depth, j+1+off, info[dj+1:dk]) seq = append(seq, alt) i = k + 1 depth = 0 } } if j := len(s); j > i { seq = append(seq, Text(s[i:j])) } if len(seq) == 1 { return seq[0] } return seq } func buildAlt(s string, depth, off int, info []piT) Alternation { var alt Alternation i := 0 var di int for dk, piK := range info { if piK.depth != depth { continue } if k := piK.pos - off; s[k] == altSep { sub := buildExp(s[i:k], i+off, info[di:dk]) alt = append(alt, sub) i = k + 1 di = dk + 1 } } sub := buildExp(s[i:], i+off, info[di:]) alt = append(alt, sub) return alt }
Transform the following VB implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
Function no_arguments() As String no_arguments = "ok" End Function Function fixed_number(argument1 As Integer, argument2 As Integer) fixed_number = argument1 + argument2 End Function Function optional_parameter(Optional argument1 = 1) As Integer optional_parameter = argument1 End Function Function variable_number(arguments As Variant) As Integer variable_number = UBound(arguments) End Function Function named_arguments(argument1 As Integer, argument2 As Integer) As Integer named_arguments = argument1 + argument2 End Function Function statement() As String Debug.Print "function called as statement" statement = "ok" End Function Function return_value() As String return_value = "ok" End Function Sub foo() Debug.Print "subroutine", End Sub Function bar() As String bar = "function" End Function Function passed_by_value(ByVal s As String) As String s = "written over" passed_by_value = "passed by value" End Function Function passed_by_reference(ByRef s As String) As String s = "written over" passed_by_reference = "passed by reference" End Function Sub no_parentheses(myargument As String) Debug.Print myargument, End Sub Public Sub calling_a_function() Debug.Print "no arguments", , no_arguments Debug.Print "no arguments", , no_arguments() Debug.Print "fixed_number", , fixed_number(1, 1) Debug.Print "optional parameter", optional_parameter Debug.Print "optional parameter", optional_parameter(2) Debug.Print "variable number", variable_number([{"hello", "there"}]) Debug.Print "named arguments", named_arguments(argument2:=1, argument1:=1) statement s = "no_arguments" Debug.Print "first-class context", Application.Run(s) returnvalue = return_value Debug.Print "obtained return value", returnvalue foo Debug.Print , bar Dim t As String t = "unaltered" Debug.Print passed_by_value(t), t Debug.Print passed_by_reference(t), t no_parentheses "calling a subroutine" Debug.Print "does not require parentheses" Call no_parentheses("deprecated use") Debug.Print "of parentheses" End Sub
import ( "image" "image/gif" "io/ioutil" "strings" "unicode" ) func f() (int, float64) { return 0, 0 } func g(int, float64) int { return 0 } func h(string, ...int) {}
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Function no_arguments() As String no_arguments = "ok" End Function Function fixed_number(argument1 As Integer, argument2 As Integer) fixed_number = argument1 + argument2 End Function Function optional_parameter(Optional argument1 = 1) As Integer optional_parameter = argument1 End Function Function variable_number(arguments As Variant) As Integer variable_number = UBound(arguments) End Function Function named_arguments(argument1 As Integer, argument2 As Integer) As Integer named_arguments = argument1 + argument2 End Function Function statement() As String Debug.Print "function called as statement" statement = "ok" End Function Function return_value() As String return_value = "ok" End Function Sub foo() Debug.Print "subroutine", End Sub Function bar() As String bar = "function" End Function Function passed_by_value(ByVal s As String) As String s = "written over" passed_by_value = "passed by value" End Function Function passed_by_reference(ByRef s As String) As String s = "written over" passed_by_reference = "passed by reference" End Function Sub no_parentheses(myargument As String) Debug.Print myargument, End Sub Public Sub calling_a_function() Debug.Print "no arguments", , no_arguments Debug.Print "no arguments", , no_arguments() Debug.Print "fixed_number", , fixed_number(1, 1) Debug.Print "optional parameter", optional_parameter Debug.Print "optional parameter", optional_parameter(2) Debug.Print "variable number", variable_number([{"hello", "there"}]) Debug.Print "named arguments", named_arguments(argument2:=1, argument1:=1) statement s = "no_arguments" Debug.Print "first-class context", Application.Run(s) returnvalue = return_value Debug.Print "obtained return value", returnvalue foo Debug.Print , bar Dim t As String t = "unaltered" Debug.Print passed_by_value(t), t Debug.Print passed_by_reference(t), t no_parentheses "calling a subroutine" Debug.Print "does not require parentheses" Call no_parentheses("deprecated use") Debug.Print "of parentheses" End Sub
import ( "image" "image/gif" "io/ioutil" "strings" "unicode" ) func f() (int, float64) { return 0, 0 } func g(int, float64) int { return 0 } func h(string, ...int) {}
Generate an equivalent Go version of this VB code.
VERSION 5.00 Begin VB.Form Form1 Caption = "Form1" ClientHeight = 2265 ClientLeft = 60 ClientTop = 600 ClientWidth = 2175 LinkTopic = "Form1" ScaleHeight = 2265 ScaleWidth = 2175 StartUpPosition = 3 Begin VB.CommandButton cmdRnd Caption = "Random" Height = 495 Left = 120 TabIndex = 2 Top = 1680 Width = 1215 End Begin VB.CommandButton cmdInc Caption = "Increment" Height = 495 Left = 120 TabIndex = 1 Top = 1080 Width = 1215 End Begin VB.TextBox txtValue Height = 495 Left = 120 TabIndex = 0 Text = "0" Top = 240 Width = 1215 End End Attribute VB_Name = "Form1" Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False Attribute VB_Creatable = False Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True Attribute VB_Exposed = False Private Sub Form_Load() Randomize Timer End Sub Private Sub cmdRnd_Click() If MsgBox("Random?", vbYesNo) Then txtValue.Text = Int(Rnd * 11) End Sub Private Sub cmdInc_Click() If Val(txtValue.Text) < 10 Then txtValue.Text = Val(txtValue.Text) + 1 End Sub Private Sub txtValue_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer) Select Case KeyAscii Case 8, 43, 45, 48 To 57 Case Else KeyAscii = 0 End Select End Sub
package main import ( "github.com/gotk3/gotk3/gtk" "log" "math/rand" "strconv" "time" ) func validateInput(window *gtk.Window, str string) (int64, bool) { i, err := strconv.ParseInt(str, 10, 64) if err != nil { dialog := gtk.MessageDialogNew( window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL, gtk.MESSAGE_ERROR, gtk.BUTTONS_OK, "Invalid value", ) dialog.Run() dialog.Destroy() return 0, false } return i, true } func check(err error, msg string) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(msg, err) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) gtk.Init(nil) window, err := gtk.WindowNew(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) check(err, "Unable to create window:") window.SetTitle("Rosetta Code") window.SetPosition(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER) window.Connect("destroy", func() { gtk.MainQuit() }) box, err := gtk.BoxNew(gtk.ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, 1) check(err, "Unable to create box:") box.SetBorderWidth(1) label, err := gtk.LabelNew("Value:") check(err, "Unable to create label:") entry, err := gtk.EntryNew() check(err, "Unable to create entry:") entry.SetText("0") entry.Connect("activate", func() { str, _ := entry.GetText() validateInput(window, str) }) ib, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Increment") check(err, "Unable to create increment button:") ib.Connect("clicked", func() { str, _ := entry.GetText() if i, ok := validateInput(window, str); ok { entry.SetText(strconv.FormatInt(i+1, 10)) } }) rb, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Random") check(err, "Unable to create random button:") rb.Connect("clicked", func() { dialog := gtk.MessageDialogNew( window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL, gtk.MESSAGE_QUESTION, gtk.BUTTONS_YES_NO, "Set random value", ) answer := dialog.Run() dialog.Destroy() if answer == gtk.RESPONSE_YES { entry.SetText(strconv.Itoa(rand.Intn(10000))) } }) box.PackStart(label, false, false, 2) box.PackStart(entry, false, false, 2) box.PackStart(ib, false, false, 2) box.PackStart(rb, false, false, 2) window.Add(box) window.ShowAll() gtk.Main() }
Write a version of this VB function in Go with identical behavior.
Dim chosen(10) For j = 1 To 1000000 c = one_of_n(10) chosen(c) = chosen(c) + 1 Next For k = 1 To 10 WScript.StdOut.WriteLine k & ". " & chosen(k) Next Function one_of_n(n) Randomize For i = 1 To n If Rnd(1) < 1/i Then one_of_n = i End If Next End Function
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "io" "math/rand" "time" ) func choseLineRandomly(r io.Reader) (s string, ln int, err error) { br := bufio.NewReader(r) s, err = br.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { return } ln = 1 lnLast := 1. var sLast string for { sLast, err = br.ReadString('\n') if err == io.EOF { return s, ln, nil } if err != nil { break } lnLast++ if rand.Float64() < 1/lnLast { s = sLast ln = int(lnLast) } } return } func oneOfN(n int, file io.Reader) int { _, ln, err := choseLineRandomly(file) if err != nil { panic(err) } return ln } type simReader int func (r *simReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) { if *r <= 0 { return 0, io.EOF } b[0] = '\n' *r-- return 1, nil } func main() { n := 10 freq := make([]int, n) rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for times := 0; times < 1e6; times++ { sr := simReader(n) freq[oneOfN(n, &sr)-1]++ } fmt.Println(freq) }
Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
Private Function ordinal(s As String) As String Dim irregs As New Collection irregs.Add "first", "one" irregs.Add "second", "two" irregs.Add "third", "three" irregs.Add "fifth", "five" irregs.Add "eighth", "eight" irregs.Add "ninth", "nine" irregs.Add "twelfth", "twelve" Dim i As Integer For i = Len(s) To 1 Step -1 ch = Mid(s, i, 1) If ch = " " Or ch = "-" Then Exit For Next i On Error GoTo 1 ord = irregs(Right(s, Len(s) - i)) ordinal = Left(s, i) & ord Exit Function 1: If Right(s, 1) = "y" Then s = Left(s, Len(s) - 1) & "ieth" Else s = s & "th" End If ordinal = s End Function Public Sub ordinals() tests = [{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 65, 100, 101, 272, 23456, 8007006005004003, 123, 00123.0, 1.23E2}] init For i = 1 To UBound(tests) Debug.Print ordinal(spell(tests(i))) Next i End Sub
import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { for _, n := range []int64{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 65, 100, 101, 272, 23456, 8007006005004003, } { fmt.Println(sayOrdinal(n)) } } var irregularOrdinals = map[string]string{ "one": "first", "two": "second", "three": "third", "five": "fifth", "eight": "eighth", "nine": "ninth", "twelve": "twelfth", } func sayOrdinal(n int64) string { s := say(n) i := strings.LastIndexAny(s, " -") i++ if x, ok := irregularOrdinals[s[i:]]; ok { s = s[:i] + x } else if s[len(s)-1] == 'y' { s = s[:i] + s[i:len(s)-1] + "ieth" } else { s = s[:i] + s[i:] + "th" } return s } var small = [...]string{"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"} var tens = [...]string{"", "", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"} var illions = [...]string{"", " thousand", " million", " billion", " trillion", " quadrillion", " quintillion"} func say(n int64) string { var t string if n < 0 { t = "negative " n = -n } switch { case n < 20: t += small[n] case n < 100: t += tens[n/10] s := n % 10 if s > 0 { t += "-" + small[s] } case n < 1000: t += small[n/100] + " hundred" s := n % 100 if s > 0 { t += " " + say(s) } default: sx := "" for i := 0; n > 0; i++ { p := n % 1000 n /= 1000 if p > 0 { ix := say(p) + illions[i] if sx != "" { ix += " " + sx } sx = ix } } t += sx } return t }
Convert the following code from VB to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
Function IsSelfDescribing(n) IsSelfDescribing = False Set digit = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") For i = 1 To Len(n) k = Mid(n,i,1) If digit.Exists(k) Then digit.Item(k) = digit.Item(k) + 1 Else digit.Add k,1 End If Next c = 0 For j = 0 To Len(n)-1 l = Mid(n,j+1,1) If digit.Exists(CStr(j)) Then If digit.Item(CStr(j)) = CInt(l) Then c = c + 1 End If ElseIf l = 0 Then c = c + 1 Else Exit For End If Next If c = Len(n) Then IsSelfDescribing = True End If End Function start_time = Now s = "" For m = 1 To 100000000 If IsSelfDescribing(m) Then WScript.StdOut.WriteLine m End If Next end_time = Now WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Elapse Time: " & DateDiff("s",start_time,end_time) & " seconds"
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "strings" ) func sdn(n int64) bool { if n >= 1e10 { return false } s := strconv.FormatInt(n, 10) for d, p := range s { if int(p)-'0' != strings.Count(s, strconv.Itoa(d)) { return false } } return true } func main() { for n := int64(0); n < 1e10; n++ { if sdn(n) { fmt.Println(n) } } }
Convert the following code from VB to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
Function IsSelfDescribing(n) IsSelfDescribing = False Set digit = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") For i = 1 To Len(n) k = Mid(n,i,1) If digit.Exists(k) Then digit.Item(k) = digit.Item(k) + 1 Else digit.Add k,1 End If Next c = 0 For j = 0 To Len(n)-1 l = Mid(n,j+1,1) If digit.Exists(CStr(j)) Then If digit.Item(CStr(j)) = CInt(l) Then c = c + 1 End If ElseIf l = 0 Then c = c + 1 Else Exit For End If Next If c = Len(n) Then IsSelfDescribing = True End If End Function start_time = Now s = "" For m = 1 To 100000000 If IsSelfDescribing(m) Then WScript.StdOut.WriteLine m End If Next end_time = Now WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "Elapse Time: " & DateDiff("s",start_time,end_time) & " seconds"
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "strings" ) func sdn(n int64) bool { if n >= 1e10 { return false } s := strconv.FormatInt(n, 10) for d, p := range s { if int(p)-'0' != strings.Count(s, strconv.Itoa(d)) { return false } } return true } func main() { for n := int64(0); n < 1e10; n++ { if sdn(n) { fmt.Println(n) } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Module Module1 Function Prepend(n As Integer, seq As List(Of Integer)) As List(Of Integer) Dim result As New List(Of Integer) From { n } result.AddRange(seq) Return result End Function Function CheckSeq(pos As Integer, seq As List(Of Integer), n As Integer, min_len As Integer) As Tuple(Of Integer, Integer) If pos > min_len OrElse seq(0) > n Then Return Tuple.Create(min_len, 0) End If If seq(0) = n Then Return Tuple.Create(pos, 1) End If If pos < min_len Then Return TryPerm(0, pos, seq, n, min_len) End If Return Tuple.Create(min_len, 0) End Function Function TryPerm(i As Integer, pos As Integer, seq As List(Of Integer), n As Integer, min_len As Integer) As Tuple(Of Integer, Integer) If i > pos Then Return Tuple.Create(min_len, 0) End If Dim res1 = CheckSeq(pos + 1, Prepend(seq(0) + seq(i), seq), n, min_len) Dim res2 = TryPerm(i + 1, pos, seq, n, res1.Item1) If res2.Item1 < res1.Item1 Then Return res2 End If If res2.Item1 = res1.Item1 Then Return Tuple.Create(res2.Item1, res1.Item2 + res2.Item2) End If Throw New Exception("TryPerm exception") End Function Function InitTryPerm(x As Integer) As Tuple(Of Integer, Integer) Return TryPerm(0, 0, New List(Of Integer) From {1}, x, 12) End Function Sub FindBrauer(num As Integer) Dim res = InitTryPerm(num) Console.WriteLine("N = {0}", num) Console.WriteLine("Minimum length of chains: L(n) = {0}", res.Item1) Console.WriteLine("Number of minimum length Brauer chains: {0}", res.Item2) Console.WriteLine() End Sub Sub Main() Dim nums() = {7, 14, 21, 29, 32, 42, 64, 47, 79, 191, 382, 379} Array.ForEach(nums, Sub(n) FindBrauer(n)) End Sub End Module
package main import "fmt" var example []int func reverse(s []int) { for i, j := 0, len(s)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] } } func checkSeq(pos, n, minLen int, seq []int) (int, int) { switch { case pos > minLen || seq[0] > n: return minLen, 0 case seq[0] == n: example = seq return pos, 1 case pos < minLen: return tryPerm(0, pos, n, minLen, seq) default: return minLen, 0 } } func tryPerm(i, pos, n, minLen int, seq []int) (int, int) { if i > pos { return minLen, 0 } seq2 := make([]int, len(seq)+1) copy(seq2[1:], seq) seq2[0] = seq[0] + seq[i] res11, res12 := checkSeq(pos+1, n, minLen, seq2) res21, res22 := tryPerm(i+1, pos, n, res11, seq) switch { case res21 < res11: return res21, res22 case res21 == res11: return res21, res12 + res22 default: fmt.Println("Error in tryPerm") return 0, 0 } } func initTryPerm(x, minLen int) (int, int) { return tryPerm(0, 0, x, minLen, []int{1}) } func findBrauer(num, minLen, nbLimit int) { actualMin, brauer := initTryPerm(num, minLen) fmt.Println("\nN =", num) fmt.Printf("Minimum length of chains : L(%d) = %d\n", num, actualMin) fmt.Println("Number of minimum length Brauer chains :", brauer) if brauer > 0 { reverse(example) fmt.Println("Brauer example :", example) } example = nil if num <= nbLimit { nonBrauer := findNonBrauer(num, actualMin+1, brauer) fmt.Println("Number of minimum length non-Brauer chains :", nonBrauer) if nonBrauer > 0 { fmt.Println("Non-Brauer example :", example) } example = nil } else { println("Non-Brauer analysis suppressed") } } func isAdditionChain(a []int) bool { for i := 2; i < len(a); i++ { if a[i] > a[i-1]*2 { return false } ok := false jloop: for j := i - 1; j >= 0; j-- { for k := j; k >= 0; k-- { if a[j]+a[k] == a[i] { ok = true break jloop } } } if !ok { return false } } if example == nil && !isBrauer(a) { example = make([]int, len(a)) copy(example, a) } return true } func isBrauer(a []int) bool { for i := 2; i < len(a); i++ { ok := false for j := i - 1; j >= 0; j-- { if a[i-1]+a[j] == a[i] { ok = true break } } if !ok { return false } } return true } func nextChains(index, le int, seq []int, pcount *int) { for { if index < le-1 { nextChains(index+1, le, seq, pcount) } if seq[index]+le-1-index >= seq[le-1] { return } seq[index]++ for i := index + 1; i < le-1; i++ { seq[i] = seq[i-1] + 1 } if isAdditionChain(seq) { (*pcount)++ } } } func findNonBrauer(num, le, brauer int) int { seq := make([]int, le) seq[0] = 1 seq[le-1] = num for i := 1; i < le-1; i++ { seq[i] = seq[i-1] + 1 } count := 0 if isAdditionChain(seq) { count = 1 } nextChains(2, le, seq, &count) return count - brauer } func main() { nums := []int{7, 14, 21, 29, 32, 42, 64, 47, 79, 191, 382, 379} fmt.Println("Searching for Brauer chains up to a minimum length of 12:") for _, num := range nums { findBrauer(num, 12, 79) } }
Generate a Go translation of this VB snippet without changing its computational steps.
Private Sub Repeat(rid As String, n As Integer) For i = 1 To n Application.Run rid Next i End Sub Private Sub Hello() Debug.Print "Hello" End Sub Public Sub main() Repeat "Hello", 5 End Sub
package main import "fmt" func repeat(n int, f func()) { for i := 0; i < n; i++ { f() } } func fn() { fmt.Println("Example") } func main() { repeat(4, fn) }
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in VB.
sub ensure_cscript() if instrrev(ucase(WScript.FullName),"WSCRIPT.EXE")then createobject("wscript.shell").run "CSCRIPT //nologo """ &_ WScript.ScriptFullName &"""" ,,0 wscript.quit end if end sub class bargraph private bar,mn,mx,nn,cnt Private sub class_initialize() bar=chrw(&h2581)&chrw(&h2582)&chrw(&h2583)&chrw(&h2584)&chrw(&h2585)&_ chrw(&h2586)&chrw(&h2587)&chrw(&h2588) nn=8 end sub public function bg (s) a=split(replace(replace(s,","," ")," "," ")," ") mn=999999:mx=-999999:cnt=ubound(a)+1 for i=0 to ubound(a) a(i)=cdbl(trim(a(i))) if a(i)>mx then mx=a(i) if a(i)<mn then mn=a(i) next ss="Data: " for i=0 to ubound(a) :ss=ss & right (" "& a(i),6) :next ss=ss+vbcrlf + "sparkline: " for i=0 to ubound(a) x=scale(a(i)) ss=ss & string(6,mid(bar,x,1)) next bg=ss &vbcrlf & "min: "&mn & " max: "& mx & _ " cnt: "& ubound(a)+1 &vbcrlf end function private function scale(x) if x=<mn then scale=1 elseif x>=mx then scale=nn else scale=int(nn* (x-mn)/(mx-mn)+1) end if end function end class ensure_cscript set b=new bargraph wscript.stdout.writeblanklines 2 wscript.echo b.bg("1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1") wscript.echo b.bg("1.5, 0.5 3.5, 2.5 5.5, 4.5 7.5, 6.5") wscript.echo b.bg("0, 1, 19, 20") wscript.echo b.bg("0, 999, 4000, 4999, 7000, 7999") set b=nothing wscript.echo "If bars don "font to DejaVu Sans Mono or any other that has the bargrph characters" & _ vbcrlf wscript.stdout.write "Press any key.." : wscript.stdin.read 1
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "math" "os" "regexp" "strconv" "strings" ) func main() { fmt.Println("Numbers please separated by space/commas:") sc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) sc.Scan() s, n, min, max, err := spark(sc.Text()) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if n == 1 { fmt.Println("1 value =", min) } else { fmt.Println(n, "values. Min:", min, "Max:", max) } fmt.Println(s) } var sep = regexp.MustCompile(`[\s,]+`) func spark(s0 string) (sp string, n int, min, max float64, err error) { ss := sep.Split(s0, -1) n = len(ss) vs := make([]float64, n) var v float64 min = math.Inf(1) max = math.Inf(-1) for i, s := range ss { switch v, err = strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64); { case err != nil: case math.IsNaN(v): err = errors.New("NaN not supported.") case math.IsInf(v, 0): err = errors.New("Inf not supported.") default: if v < min { min = v } if v > max { max = v } vs[i] = v continue } return } if min == max { sp = strings.Repeat("▄", n) } else { rs := make([]rune, n) f := 8 / (max - min) for j, v := range vs { i := rune(f * (v - min)) if i > 7 { i = 7 } rs[j] = '▁' + i } sp = string(rs) } return }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from VB to Go, same semantics.
Private Function mul_inv(a As Long, n As Long) As Variant If n < 0 Then n = -n If a < 0 Then a = n - ((-a) Mod n) Dim t As Long: t = 0 Dim nt As Long: nt = 1 Dim r As Long: r = n Dim nr As Long: nr = a Dim q As Long Do While nr <> 0 q = r \ nr tmp = t t = nt nt = tmp - q * nt tmp = r r = nr nr = tmp - q * nr Loop If r > 1 Then mul_inv = "a is not invertible" Else If t < 0 Then t = t + n mul_inv = t End If End Function Public Sub mi() Debug.Print mul_inv(42, 2017) Debug.Print mul_inv(40, 1) Debug.Print mul_inv(52, -217) Debug.Print mul_inv(-486, 217) Debug.Print mul_inv(40, 2018) End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func main() { a := big.NewInt(42) m := big.NewInt(2017) k := new(big.Int).ModInverse(a, m) fmt.Println(k) }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this VB code.
Class HTTPSock Inherits TCPSocket Event Sub DataAvailable() Dim headers As New InternetHeaders headers.AppendHeader("Content-Length", Str(LenB("Goodbye, World!"))) headers.AppendHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain") headers.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "identity") headers.AppendHeader("Connection", "close") Dim data As String = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK" + EndOfLine.Windows + headers.Source + EndOfLine.Windows + EndOfLine.Windows + "Goodbye, World!" Me.Write(data) Me.Close End Sub End Class Class HTTPServ Inherits ServerSocket Event Sub AddSocket() As TCPSocket Return New HTTPSock End Sub End Class Class App Inherits Application Event Sub Run(Args() As String) Dim sock As New HTTPServ sock.Port = 8080 sock.Listen() While True App.DoEvents Wend End Sub End Class
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net/http" ) func main() { http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) { fmt.Fprintln(w, "Goodbye, World!") }) log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)) }
Convert this VB snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
Option Strict On Option Explicit On Imports System.IO Module OwnDigitsPowerSum Public Sub Main Dim used(9) As Integer Dim check(9) As Integer Dim power(9, 9) As Long For i As Integer = 0 To 9 check(i) = 0 Next i For i As Integer = 1 To 9 power(1, i) = i Next i For j As Integer = 2 To 9 For i As Integer = 1 To 9 power(j, i) = power(j - 1, i) * i Next i Next j Dim lowestDigit(9) As Integer lowestDigit(1) = -1 lowestDigit(2) = -1 Dim p10 As Long = 100 For i As Integer = 3 To 9 For p As Integer = 2 To 9 Dim np As Long = power(i, p) * i If Not ( np < p10) Then Exit For lowestDigit(i) = p Next p p10 *= 10 Next i Dim maxZeros(9, 9) As Integer For i As Integer = 1 To 9 For j As Integer = 1 To 9 maxZeros(i, j) = 0 Next j Next i p10 = 1000 For w As Integer = 3 To 9 For d As Integer = lowestDigit(w) To 9 Dim nz As Integer = 9 Do If nz < 0 Then Exit Do Else Dim np As Long = power(w, d) * nz IF Not ( np > p10) Then Exit Do End If nz -= 1 Loop maxZeros(w, d) = If(nz > w, 0, w - nz) Next d p10 *= 10 Next w Dim numbers(100) As Long Dim nCount As Integer = 0 Dim tryCount As Integer = 0 Dim digits(9) As Integer For d As Integer = 1 To 9 digits(d) = 9 Next d For d As Integer = 0 To 8 used(d) = 0 Next d used(9) = 9 Dim width As Integer = 9 Dim last As Integer = width p10 = 100000000 Do While width > 2 tryCount += 1 Dim dps As Long = 0 check(0) = used(0) For i As Integer = 1 To 9 check(i) = used(i) If used(i) <> 0 Then dps += used(i) * power(width, i) End If Next i Dim n As Long = dps Do check(CInt(n Mod 10)) -= 1 n \= 10 Loop Until n <= 0 Dim reduceWidth As Boolean = dps <= p10 If Not reduceWidth Then Dim zCount As Integer = 0 For i As Integer = 0 To 9 If check(i) <> 0 Then Exit For zCount+= 1 Next i If zCount = 10 Then nCount += 1 numbers(nCount) = dps End If used(digits(last)) -= 1 digits(last) -= 1 If digits(last) = 0 Then If used(0) >= maxZeros(width, digits(1)) Then digits(last) = -1 End If End If If digits(last) >= 0 Then used(digits(last)) += 1 Else Dim prev As Integer = last Do prev -= 1 If prev < 1 Then Exit Do Else used(digits(prev)) -= 1 digits(prev) -= 1 IF digits(prev) >= 0 Then Exit Do End If Loop If prev > 0 Then If prev = 1 Then If digits(1) <= lowestDigit(width) Then prev = 0 End If End If If prev <> 0 Then used(digits(prev)) += 1 For i As Integer = prev + 1 To width digits(i) = digits(prev) used(digits(prev)) += 1 Next i End If End If If prev <= 0 Then reduceWidth = True End If End If End If If reduceWidth Then last -= 1 width = last If last > 0 Then For d As Integer = 1 To last digits(d) = 9 Next d For d As Integer = last + 1 To 9 digits(d) = -1 Next d For d As Integer = 0 To 8 used(d) = 0 Next d used(9) = last p10 \= 10 End If End If Loop Console.Out.WriteLine("Own digits power sums for N = 3 to 9 inclusive:") For i As Integer = nCount To 1 Step -1 Console.Out.WriteLine(numbers(i)) Next i Console.Out.WriteLine("Considered " & tryCount & " digit combinations") End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" ) func main() { powers := [10]int{0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81} fmt.Println("Own digits power sums for N = 3 to 9 inclusive:") for n := 3; n < 10; n++ { for d := 2; d < 10; d++ { powers[d] *= d } i := int(math.Pow(10, float64(n-1))) max := i * 10 lastDigit := 0 sum := 0 var digits []int for i < max { if lastDigit == 0 { digits = rcu.Digits(i, 10) sum = 0 for _, d := range digits { sum += powers[d] } } else if lastDigit == 1 { sum++ } else { sum += powers[lastDigit] - powers[lastDigit-1] } if sum == i { fmt.Println(i) if lastDigit == 0 { fmt.Println(i + 1) } i += 10 - lastDigit lastDigit = 0 } else if sum > i { i += 10 - lastDigit lastDigit = 0 } else if lastDigit < 9 { i++ lastDigit++ } else { i++ lastDigit = 0 } } } }
Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
Public Sub printarray(A) For i = LBound(A) To UBound(A) Debug.Print A(i), Next Debug.Print End Sub Public Sub Flip(ByRef A, p1, p2, trace) If trace Then Debug.Print "we Cut = Int((p2 - p1 + 1) / 2) For i = 0 To Cut - 1 temp = A(i) A(i) = A(p2 - i) A(p2 - i) = temp Next End Sub Public Sub pancakesort(ByRef A(), Optional trace As Boolean = False) lb = LBound(A) ub = UBound(A) Length = ub - lb + 1 If Length <= 1 Then Exit Sub End If For i = ub To lb + 1 Step -1 P = lb Maximum = A(P) For j = lb + 1 To i If A(j) > Maximum Then P = j Maximum = A(j) End If Next j If P < i Then If P > 1 Then Flip A, lb, P, trace If trace Then printarray A End If Flip A, lb, i, trace If trace Then printarray A End If Next i End Sub Public Sub TestPancake(Optional trace As Boolean = False) Dim A() A = Array(5, 7, 8, 3, 1, 10, 9, 23, 50, 0) Debug.Print "Initial array:" printarray A pancakesort A, trace Debug.Print "Final array:" printarray A End Sub
package main import "fmt" func main() { list := pancake{31, 41, 59, 26, 53, 58, 97, 93, 23, 84} fmt.Println("unsorted:", list) list.sort() fmt.Println("sorted! ", list) } type pancake []int func (a pancake) sort() { for uns := len(a) - 1; uns > 0; uns-- { lx, lg := 0, a[0] for i := 1; i <= uns; i++ { if a[i] > lg { lx, lg = i, a[i] } } a.flip(lx) a.flip(uns) } } func (a pancake) flip(r int) { for l := 0; l < r; l, r = l+1, r-1 { a[l], a[r] = a[r], a[l] } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from VB to Go without modifying what it does.
Public Sub printarray(A) For i = LBound(A) To UBound(A) Debug.Print A(i), Next Debug.Print End Sub Public Sub Flip(ByRef A, p1, p2, trace) If trace Then Debug.Print "we Cut = Int((p2 - p1 + 1) / 2) For i = 0 To Cut - 1 temp = A(i) A(i) = A(p2 - i) A(p2 - i) = temp Next End Sub Public Sub pancakesort(ByRef A(), Optional trace As Boolean = False) lb = LBound(A) ub = UBound(A) Length = ub - lb + 1 If Length <= 1 Then Exit Sub End If For i = ub To lb + 1 Step -1 P = lb Maximum = A(P) For j = lb + 1 To i If A(j) > Maximum Then P = j Maximum = A(j) End If Next j If P < i Then If P > 1 Then Flip A, lb, P, trace If trace Then printarray A End If Flip A, lb, i, trace If trace Then printarray A End If Next i End Sub Public Sub TestPancake(Optional trace As Boolean = False) Dim A() A = Array(5, 7, 8, 3, 1, 10, 9, 23, 50, 0) Debug.Print "Initial array:" printarray A pancakesort A, trace Debug.Print "Final array:" printarray A End Sub
package main import "fmt" func main() { list := pancake{31, 41, 59, 26, 53, 58, 97, 93, 23, 84} fmt.Println("unsorted:", list) list.sort() fmt.Println("sorted! ", list) } type pancake []int func (a pancake) sort() { for uns := len(a) - 1; uns > 0; uns-- { lx, lg := 0, a[0] for i := 1; i <= uns; i++ { if a[i] > lg { lx, lg = i, a[i] } } a.flip(lx) a.flip(uns) } } func (a pancake) flip(r int) { for l := 0; l < r; l, r = l+1, r-1 { a[l], a[r] = a[r], a[l] } }
Write the same code in Go as shown below in VB.
Module Module1 Dim atomicMass As New Dictionary(Of String, Double) From { {"H", 1.008}, {"He", 4.002602}, {"Li", 6.94}, {"Be", 9.0121831}, {"B", 10.81}, {"C", 12.011}, {"N", 14.007}, {"O", 15.999}, {"F", 18.998403163}, {"Ne", 20.1797}, {"Na", 22.98976928}, {"Mg", 24.305}, {"Al", 26.9815385}, {"Si", 28.085}, {"P", 30.973761998}, {"S", 32.06}, {"Cl", 35.45}, {"Ar", 39.948}, {"K", 39.0983}, {"Ca", 40.078}, {"Sc", 44.955908}, {"Ti", 47.867}, {"V", 50.9415}, {"Cr", 51.9961}, {"Mn", 54.938044}, {"Fe", 55.845}, {"Co", 58.933194}, {"Ni", 58.6934}, {"Cu", 63.546}, {"Zn", 65.38}, {"Ga", 69.723}, {"Ge", 72.63}, {"As", 74.921595}, {"Se", 78.971}, {"Br", 79.904}, {"Kr", 83.798}, {"Rb", 85.4678}, {"Sr", 87.62}, {"Y", 88.90584}, {"Zr", 91.224}, {"Nb", 92.90637}, {"Mo", 95.95}, {"Ru", 101.07}, {"Rh", 102.9055}, {"Pd", 106.42}, {"Ag", 107.8682}, {"Cd", 112.414}, {"In", 114.818}, {"Sn", 118.71}, {"Sb", 121.76}, {"Te", 127.6}, {"I", 126.90447}, {"Xe", 131.293}, {"Cs", 132.90545196}, {"Ba", 137.327}, {"La", 138.90547}, {"Ce", 140.116}, {"Pr", 140.90766}, {"Nd", 144.242}, {"Pm", 145}, {"Sm", 150.36}, {"Eu", 151.964}, {"Gd", 157.25}, {"Tb", 158.92535}, {"Dy", 162.5}, {"Ho", 164.93033}, {"Er", 167.259}, {"Tm", 168.93422}, {"Yb", 173.054}, {"Lu", 174.9668}, {"Hf", 178.49}, {"Ta", 180.94788}, {"W", 183.84}, {"Re", 186.207}, {"Os", 190.23}, {"Ir", 192.217}, {"Pt", 195.084}, {"Au", 196.966569}, {"Hg", 200.592}, {"Tl", 204.38}, {"Pb", 207.2}, {"Bi", 208.9804}, {"Po", 209}, {"At", 210}, {"Rn", 222}, {"Fr", 223}, {"Ra", 226}, {"Ac", 227}, {"Th", 232.0377}, {"Pa", 231.03588}, {"U", 238.02891}, {"Np", 237}, {"Pu", 244}, {"Am", 243}, {"Cm", 247}, {"Bk", 247}, {"Cf", 251}, {"Es", 252}, {"Fm", 257}, {"Uue", 315}, {"Ubn", 299} } Function Evaluate(s As String) As Double s += "[" Dim sum = 0.0 Dim symbol = "" Dim number = "" For i = 1 To s.Length Dim c = s(i - 1) If "@" <= c AndAlso c <= "[" Then Dim n = 1 If number <> "" Then n = Integer.Parse(number) End If If symbol <> "" Then sum += atomicMass(symbol) * n End If If c = "[" Then Exit For End If symbol = c.ToString number = "" ElseIf "a" <= c AndAlso c <= "z" Then symbol += c ElseIf "0" <= c AndAlso c <= "9" Then number += c Else Throw New Exception(String.Format("Unexpected symbol {0} in molecule", c)) End If Next Return sum End Function Function ReplaceFirst(text As String, search As String, replace As String) As String Dim pos = text.IndexOf(search) If pos < 0 Then Return text Else Return text.Substring(0, pos) + replace + text.Substring(pos + search.Length) End If End Function Function ReplaceParens(s As String) As String Dim letter = "s"c While True Dim start = s.IndexOf("(") If start = -1 Then Exit While End If For i = start + 1 To s.Length - 1 If s(i) = ")" Then Dim expr = s.Substring(start + 1, i - start - 1) Dim symbol = String.Format("@{0}", letter) s = ReplaceFirst(s, s.Substring(start, i + 1 - start), symbol) atomicMass(symbol) = Evaluate(expr) letter = Chr(Asc(letter) + 1) Exit For End If If s(i) = "(" Then start = i Continue For End If Next End While Return s End Function Sub Main() Dim molecules() As String = { "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue" } For Each molecule In molecules Dim mass = Evaluate(ReplaceParens(molecule)) Console.WriteLine("{0,17} -> {1,7:0.000}", molecule, mass) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "strings" ) var atomicMass = map[string]float64{ "H": 1.008, "He": 4.002602, "Li": 6.94, "Be": 9.0121831, "B": 10.81, "C": 12.011, "N": 14.007, "O": 15.999, "F": 18.998403163, "Ne": 20.1797, "Na": 22.98976928, "Mg": 24.305, "Al": 26.9815385, "Si": 28.085, "P": 30.973761998, "S": 32.06, "Cl": 35.45, "Ar": 39.948, "K": 39.0983, "Ca": 40.078, "Sc": 44.955908, "Ti": 47.867, "V": 50.9415, "Cr": 51.9961, "Mn": 54.938044, "Fe": 55.845, "Co": 58.933194, "Ni": 58.6934, "Cu": 63.546, "Zn": 65.38, "Ga": 69.723, "Ge": 72.630, "As": 74.921595, "Se": 78.971, "Br": 79.904, "Kr": 83.798, "Rb": 85.4678, "Sr": 87.62, "Y": 88.90584, "Zr": 91.224, "Nb": 92.90637, "Mo": 95.95, "Ru": 101.07, "Rh": 102.90550, "Pd": 106.42, "Ag": 107.8682, "Cd": 112.414, "In": 114.818, "Sn": 118.710, "Sb": 121.760, "Te": 127.60, "I": 126.90447, "Xe": 131.293, "Cs": 132.90545196, "Ba": 137.327, "La": 138.90547, "Ce": 140.116, "Pr": 140.90766, "Nd": 144.242, "Pm": 145, "Sm": 150.36, "Eu": 151.964, "Gd": 157.25, "Tb": 158.92535, "Dy": 162.500, "Ho": 164.93033, "Er": 167.259, "Tm": 168.93422, "Yb": 173.054, "Lu": 174.9668, "Hf": 178.49, "Ta": 180.94788, "W": 183.84, "Re": 186.207, "Os": 190.23, "Ir": 192.217, "Pt": 195.084, "Au": 196.966569, "Hg": 200.592, "Tl": 204.38, "Pb": 207.2, "Bi": 208.98040, "Po": 209, "At": 210, "Rn": 222, "Fr": 223, "Ra": 226, "Ac": 227, "Th": 232.0377, "Pa": 231.03588, "U": 238.02891, "Np": 237, "Pu": 244, "Am": 243, "Cm": 247, "Bk": 247, "Cf": 251, "Es": 252, "Fm": 257, "Uue": 315, "Ubn": 299, } func replaceParens(s string) string { var letter byte = 'a' for { start := strings.IndexByte(s, '(') if start == -1 { break } restart: for i := start + 1; i < len(s); i++ { if s[i] == ')' { expr := s[start+1 : i] symbol := fmt.Sprintf("@%c", letter) s = strings.Replace(s, s[start:i+1], symbol, 1) atomicMass[symbol] = evaluate(expr) letter++ break } if s[i] == '(' { start = i goto restart } } } return s } func evaluate(s string) float64 { s += string('[') var symbol, number string sum := 0.0 for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { c := s[i] switch { case c >= '@' && c <= '[': n := 1 if number != "" { n, _ = strconv.Atoi(number) } if symbol != "" { sum += atomicMass[symbol] * float64(n) } if c == '[' { break } symbol = string(c) number = "" case c >= 'a' && c <= 'z': symbol += string(c) case c >= '0' && c <= '9': number += string(c) default: panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected symbol %c in molecule", c)) } } return sum } func main() { molecules := []string{ "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue", } for _, molecule := range molecules { mass := evaluate(replaceParens(molecule)) fmt.Printf("%17s -> %7.3f\n", molecule, mass) } }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in Go.
Module Module1 Dim atomicMass As New Dictionary(Of String, Double) From { {"H", 1.008}, {"He", 4.002602}, {"Li", 6.94}, {"Be", 9.0121831}, {"B", 10.81}, {"C", 12.011}, {"N", 14.007}, {"O", 15.999}, {"F", 18.998403163}, {"Ne", 20.1797}, {"Na", 22.98976928}, {"Mg", 24.305}, {"Al", 26.9815385}, {"Si", 28.085}, {"P", 30.973761998}, {"S", 32.06}, {"Cl", 35.45}, {"Ar", 39.948}, {"K", 39.0983}, {"Ca", 40.078}, {"Sc", 44.955908}, {"Ti", 47.867}, {"V", 50.9415}, {"Cr", 51.9961}, {"Mn", 54.938044}, {"Fe", 55.845}, {"Co", 58.933194}, {"Ni", 58.6934}, {"Cu", 63.546}, {"Zn", 65.38}, {"Ga", 69.723}, {"Ge", 72.63}, {"As", 74.921595}, {"Se", 78.971}, {"Br", 79.904}, {"Kr", 83.798}, {"Rb", 85.4678}, {"Sr", 87.62}, {"Y", 88.90584}, {"Zr", 91.224}, {"Nb", 92.90637}, {"Mo", 95.95}, {"Ru", 101.07}, {"Rh", 102.9055}, {"Pd", 106.42}, {"Ag", 107.8682}, {"Cd", 112.414}, {"In", 114.818}, {"Sn", 118.71}, {"Sb", 121.76}, {"Te", 127.6}, {"I", 126.90447}, {"Xe", 131.293}, {"Cs", 132.90545196}, {"Ba", 137.327}, {"La", 138.90547}, {"Ce", 140.116}, {"Pr", 140.90766}, {"Nd", 144.242}, {"Pm", 145}, {"Sm", 150.36}, {"Eu", 151.964}, {"Gd", 157.25}, {"Tb", 158.92535}, {"Dy", 162.5}, {"Ho", 164.93033}, {"Er", 167.259}, {"Tm", 168.93422}, {"Yb", 173.054}, {"Lu", 174.9668}, {"Hf", 178.49}, {"Ta", 180.94788}, {"W", 183.84}, {"Re", 186.207}, {"Os", 190.23}, {"Ir", 192.217}, {"Pt", 195.084}, {"Au", 196.966569}, {"Hg", 200.592}, {"Tl", 204.38}, {"Pb", 207.2}, {"Bi", 208.9804}, {"Po", 209}, {"At", 210}, {"Rn", 222}, {"Fr", 223}, {"Ra", 226}, {"Ac", 227}, {"Th", 232.0377}, {"Pa", 231.03588}, {"U", 238.02891}, {"Np", 237}, {"Pu", 244}, {"Am", 243}, {"Cm", 247}, {"Bk", 247}, {"Cf", 251}, {"Es", 252}, {"Fm", 257}, {"Uue", 315}, {"Ubn", 299} } Function Evaluate(s As String) As Double s += "[" Dim sum = 0.0 Dim symbol = "" Dim number = "" For i = 1 To s.Length Dim c = s(i - 1) If "@" <= c AndAlso c <= "[" Then Dim n = 1 If number <> "" Then n = Integer.Parse(number) End If If symbol <> "" Then sum += atomicMass(symbol) * n End If If c = "[" Then Exit For End If symbol = c.ToString number = "" ElseIf "a" <= c AndAlso c <= "z" Then symbol += c ElseIf "0" <= c AndAlso c <= "9" Then number += c Else Throw New Exception(String.Format("Unexpected symbol {0} in molecule", c)) End If Next Return sum End Function Function ReplaceFirst(text As String, search As String, replace As String) As String Dim pos = text.IndexOf(search) If pos < 0 Then Return text Else Return text.Substring(0, pos) + replace + text.Substring(pos + search.Length) End If End Function Function ReplaceParens(s As String) As String Dim letter = "s"c While True Dim start = s.IndexOf("(") If start = -1 Then Exit While End If For i = start + 1 To s.Length - 1 If s(i) = ")" Then Dim expr = s.Substring(start + 1, i - start - 1) Dim symbol = String.Format("@{0}", letter) s = ReplaceFirst(s, s.Substring(start, i + 1 - start), symbol) atomicMass(symbol) = Evaluate(expr) letter = Chr(Asc(letter) + 1) Exit For End If If s(i) = "(" Then start = i Continue For End If Next End While Return s End Function Sub Main() Dim molecules() As String = { "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue" } For Each molecule In molecules Dim mass = Evaluate(ReplaceParens(molecule)) Console.WriteLine("{0,17} -> {1,7:0.000}", molecule, mass) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "strings" ) var atomicMass = map[string]float64{ "H": 1.008, "He": 4.002602, "Li": 6.94, "Be": 9.0121831, "B": 10.81, "C": 12.011, "N": 14.007, "O": 15.999, "F": 18.998403163, "Ne": 20.1797, "Na": 22.98976928, "Mg": 24.305, "Al": 26.9815385, "Si": 28.085, "P": 30.973761998, "S": 32.06, "Cl": 35.45, "Ar": 39.948, "K": 39.0983, "Ca": 40.078, "Sc": 44.955908, "Ti": 47.867, "V": 50.9415, "Cr": 51.9961, "Mn": 54.938044, "Fe": 55.845, "Co": 58.933194, "Ni": 58.6934, "Cu": 63.546, "Zn": 65.38, "Ga": 69.723, "Ge": 72.630, "As": 74.921595, "Se": 78.971, "Br": 79.904, "Kr": 83.798, "Rb": 85.4678, "Sr": 87.62, "Y": 88.90584, "Zr": 91.224, "Nb": 92.90637, "Mo": 95.95, "Ru": 101.07, "Rh": 102.90550, "Pd": 106.42, "Ag": 107.8682, "Cd": 112.414, "In": 114.818, "Sn": 118.710, "Sb": 121.760, "Te": 127.60, "I": 126.90447, "Xe": 131.293, "Cs": 132.90545196, "Ba": 137.327, "La": 138.90547, "Ce": 140.116, "Pr": 140.90766, "Nd": 144.242, "Pm": 145, "Sm": 150.36, "Eu": 151.964, "Gd": 157.25, "Tb": 158.92535, "Dy": 162.500, "Ho": 164.93033, "Er": 167.259, "Tm": 168.93422, "Yb": 173.054, "Lu": 174.9668, "Hf": 178.49, "Ta": 180.94788, "W": 183.84, "Re": 186.207, "Os": 190.23, "Ir": 192.217, "Pt": 195.084, "Au": 196.966569, "Hg": 200.592, "Tl": 204.38, "Pb": 207.2, "Bi": 208.98040, "Po": 209, "At": 210, "Rn": 222, "Fr": 223, "Ra": 226, "Ac": 227, "Th": 232.0377, "Pa": 231.03588, "U": 238.02891, "Np": 237, "Pu": 244, "Am": 243, "Cm": 247, "Bk": 247, "Cf": 251, "Es": 252, "Fm": 257, "Uue": 315, "Ubn": 299, } func replaceParens(s string) string { var letter byte = 'a' for { start := strings.IndexByte(s, '(') if start == -1 { break } restart: for i := start + 1; i < len(s); i++ { if s[i] == ')' { expr := s[start+1 : i] symbol := fmt.Sprintf("@%c", letter) s = strings.Replace(s, s[start:i+1], symbol, 1) atomicMass[symbol] = evaluate(expr) letter++ break } if s[i] == '(' { start = i goto restart } } } return s } func evaluate(s string) float64 { s += string('[') var symbol, number string sum := 0.0 for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ { c := s[i] switch { case c >= '@' && c <= '[': n := 1 if number != "" { n, _ = strconv.Atoi(number) } if symbol != "" { sum += atomicMass[symbol] * float64(n) } if c == '[' { break } symbol = string(c) number = "" case c >= 'a' && c <= 'z': symbol += string(c) case c >= '0' && c <= '9': number += string(c) default: panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unexpected symbol %c in molecule", c)) } } return sum } func main() { molecules := []string{ "H", "H2", "H2O", "H2O2", "(HO)2", "Na2SO4", "C6H12", "COOH(C(CH3)2)3CH3", "C6H4O2(OH)4", "C27H46O", "Uue", } for _, molecule := range molecules { mass := evaluate(replaceParens(molecule)) fmt.Printf("%17s -> %7.3f\n", molecule, mass) } }
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in VB.
Const n = 2200 Public Sub pq() Dim s As Long, s1 As Long, s2 As Long, x As Long, x2 As Long, y As Long: s = 3 Dim l(n) As Boolean, l_add(9680000) As Boolean For x = 1 To n x2 = x * x For y = x To n l_add(x2 + y * y) = True Next y Next x For x = 1 To n s1 = s s = s + 2 s2 = s For y = x + 1 To n If l_add(s1) Then l(y) = True s1 = s1 + s2 s2 = s2 + 2 Next Next For x = 1 To n If Not l(x) Then Debug.Print x; Next Debug.Print End Sub
package main import "fmt" const ( N = 2200 N2 = N * N * 2 ) func main() { s := 3 var s1, s2 int var r [N + 1]bool var ab [N2 + 1]bool for a := 1; a <= N; a++ { a2 := a * a for b := a; b <= N; b++ { ab[a2 + b * b] = true } } for c := 1; c <= N; c++ { s1 = s s += 2 s2 = s for d := c + 1; d <= N; d++ { if ab[s1] { r[d] = true } s1 += s2 s2 += 2 } } for d := 1; d <= N; d++ { if !r[d] { fmt.Printf("%d ", d) } } fmt.Println() }
Write the same code in Go as shown below in VB.
Option Explicit Randomize Timer Function pad(s,n) If n<0 Then pad= right(space(-n) & s ,-n) Else pad= left(s& space(n),n) End If End Function Sub print(s) On Error Resume Next WScript.stdout.WriteLine (s) If err= &h80070006& Then WScript.Echo " Please run this script with CScript": WScript.quit End Sub Function Rounds(maxsecs,wiz,a) Dim mystep,maxstep,toend,j,i,x,d If IsArray(a) Then d=True: print "seconds behind pending" maxstep=100 For j=1 To maxsecs For i=1 To wiz If Int(Rnd*maxstep)<=mystep Then mystep=mystep+1 maxstep=maxstep+1 Next mystep=mystep+1 If mystep=maxstep Then Rounds=Array(j,maxstep) :Exit Function If d Then If j>=a(0) And j<=a(1) Then print pad(j,-7) & pad (mystep,-7) & pad (maxstep-mystep,-8) End If Next Rounds=Array(maxsecs,maxstep) End Function Dim n,r,a,sumt,sums,ntests,t,maxsecs ntests=10000 maxsecs=7000 t=timer a=Array(600,609) For n=1 To ntests r=Rounds(maxsecs,5,a) If r(0)<>maxsecs Then sumt=sumt+r(0) sums=sums+r(1) End if a="" Next print vbcrlf & "Done " & ntests & " tests in " & Timer-t & " seconds" print "escaped in " & sumt/ntests & " seconds with " & sums/ntests & " stairs"
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) totalSecs := 0 totalSteps := 0 fmt.Println("Seconds steps behind steps ahead") fmt.Println("------- ------------ -----------") for trial := 1; trial < 10000; trial++ { sbeh := 0 slen := 100 secs := 0 for sbeh < slen { sbeh++ for wiz := 1; wiz < 6; wiz++ { if rand.Intn(slen) < sbeh { sbeh++ } slen++ } secs++ if trial == 1 && secs > 599 && secs < 610 { fmt.Printf("%d %d %d\n", secs, sbeh, slen-sbeh) } } totalSecs += secs totalSteps += slen } fmt.Println("\nAverage secs taken:", float64(totalSecs)/10000) fmt.Println("Average final length of staircase:", float64(totalSteps)/10000) }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Option Explicit Dim seed As Long Sub Main() Dim i As Integer seed = 675248 For i = 1 To 5 Debug.Print Rand Next i End Sub Function Rand() As Variant Dim s As String s = CStr(seed ^ 2) Do While Len(s) <> 12 s = "0" + s Loop seed = Val(Mid(s, 4, 6)) Rand = seed End Function
package main import "fmt" func random(seed int) int { return seed * seed / 1e3 % 1e6 } func main() { seed := 675248 for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { seed = random(seed) fmt.Println(seed) } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Option Explicit Dim seed As Long Sub Main() Dim i As Integer seed = 675248 For i = 1 To 5 Debug.Print Rand Next i End Sub Function Rand() As Variant Dim s As String s = CStr(seed ^ 2) Do While Len(s) <> 12 s = "0" + s Loop seed = Val(Mid(s, 4, 6)) Rand = seed End Function
package main import "fmt" func random(seed int) int { return seed * seed / 1e3 % 1e6 } func main() { seed := 675248 for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ { seed = random(seed) fmt.Println(seed) } }
Generate a Go translation of this VB snippet without changing its computational steps.
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set objParamLookup = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") With objParamLookup .Add "FAVOURITEFRUIT", "banana" .Add "NEEDSPEELING", "" .Add "SEEDSREMOVED", "" .Add "NUMBEROFBANANAS", "1024" .Add "NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES", "62000" End With Set objInFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(objFSO.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName) &_ "\IN_config.txt",1) Output = "" Isnumberofstrawberries = False With objInFile Do Until .AtEndOfStream line = .ReadLine If Left(line,1) = "#" Or line = "" Then Output = Output & line & vbCrLf ElseIf Left(line,1) = " " And InStr(line,"#") Then Output = Output & Mid(line,InStr(1,line,"#"),1000) & vbCrLf ElseIf Replace(Replace(line,";","")," ","") <> "" Then If InStr(1,line,"FAVOURITEFRUIT",1) Then Output = Output & "FAVOURITEFRUIT" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("FAVOURITEFRUIT") & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"NEEDSPEELING",1) Then Output = Output & "; " & "NEEDSPEELING" & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"SEEDSREMOVED",1) Then Output = Output & "SEEDSREMOVED" & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"NUMBEROFBANANAS",1) Then Output = Output & "NUMBEROFBANANAS" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("NUMBEROFBANANAS") & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES",1) Then Output = Output & "NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES") & vbCrLf Isnumberofstrawberries = True End If End If Loop If Isnumberofstrawberries = False Then Output = Output & "NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES") & vbCrLf Isnumberofstrawberries = True End If .Close End With Set objOutFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(objFSO.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName) &_ "\OUT_config.txt",2,True) With objOutFile .Write Output .Close End With Set objFSO = Nothing Set objParamLookup = Nothing
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "io" "log" "os" "strings" "unicode" ) type line struct { kind lineKind option string value string disabled bool } type lineKind int const ( _ lineKind = iota ignore parseError comment blank value ) func (l line) String() string { switch l.kind { case ignore, parseError, comment, blank: return l.value case value: s := l.option if l.disabled { s = "; " + s } if l.value != "" { s += " " + l.value } return s } panic("unexpected line kind") } func removeDross(s string) string { return strings.Map(func(r rune) rune { if r < 32 || r > 0x7f || unicode.IsControl(r) { return -1 } return r }, s) } func parseLine(s string) line { if s == "" { return line{kind: blank} } if s[0] == '#' { return line{kind: comment, value: s} } s = removeDross(s) fields := strings.Fields(s) if len(fields) == 0 { return line{kind: blank} } semi := false for len(fields[0]) > 0 && fields[0][0] == ';' { semi = true fields[0] = fields[0][1:] } if fields[0] == "" { fields = fields[1:] } switch len(fields) { case 0: return line{kind: ignore} case 1: return line{ kind: value, option: strings.ToUpper(fields[0]), disabled: semi, } case 2: return line{ kind: value, option: strings.ToUpper(fields[0]), value: fields[1], disabled: semi, } } return line{kind: parseError, value: s} } type Config struct { options map[string]int lines []line } func (c *Config) index(option string) int { if i, ok := c.options[option]; ok { return i } return -1 } func (c *Config) addLine(l line) { switch l.kind { case ignore: return case value: if c.index(l.option) >= 0 { return } c.options[l.option] = len(c.lines) c.lines = append(c.lines, l) default: c.lines = append(c.lines, l) } } func ReadConfig(path string) (*Config, error) { f, err := os.Open(path) if err != nil { return nil, err } defer f.Close() r := bufio.NewReader(f) c := &Config{options: make(map[string]int)} for { s, err := r.ReadString('\n') if s != "" { if err == nil { s = s[:len(s)-1] } c.addLine(parseLine(s)) } if err == io.EOF { break } if err != nil { return nil, err } } return c, nil } func (c *Config) Set(option string, val string) { if i := c.index(option); i >= 0 { line := &c.lines[i] line.disabled = false line.value = val return } c.addLine(line{ kind: value, option: option, value: val, }) } func (c *Config) Enable(option string, enabled bool) { if i := c.index(option); i >= 0 { c.lines[i].disabled = !enabled } } func (c *Config) Write(w io.Writer) { for _, line := range c.lines { fmt.Println(line) } } func main() { c, err := ReadConfig("/tmp/cfg") if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } c.Enable("NEEDSPEELING", false) c.Set("SEEDSREMOVED", "") c.Set("NUMBEROFBANANAS", "1024") c.Set("NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES", "62000") c.Write(os.Stdout) }
Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set objParamLookup = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") With objParamLookup .Add "FAVOURITEFRUIT", "banana" .Add "NEEDSPEELING", "" .Add "SEEDSREMOVED", "" .Add "NUMBEROFBANANAS", "1024" .Add "NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES", "62000" End With Set objInFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(objFSO.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName) &_ "\IN_config.txt",1) Output = "" Isnumberofstrawberries = False With objInFile Do Until .AtEndOfStream line = .ReadLine If Left(line,1) = "#" Or line = "" Then Output = Output & line & vbCrLf ElseIf Left(line,1) = " " And InStr(line,"#") Then Output = Output & Mid(line,InStr(1,line,"#"),1000) & vbCrLf ElseIf Replace(Replace(line,";","")," ","") <> "" Then If InStr(1,line,"FAVOURITEFRUIT",1) Then Output = Output & "FAVOURITEFRUIT" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("FAVOURITEFRUIT") & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"NEEDSPEELING",1) Then Output = Output & "; " & "NEEDSPEELING" & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"SEEDSREMOVED",1) Then Output = Output & "SEEDSREMOVED" & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"NUMBEROFBANANAS",1) Then Output = Output & "NUMBEROFBANANAS" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("NUMBEROFBANANAS") & vbCrLf ElseIf InStr(1,line,"NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES",1) Then Output = Output & "NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES") & vbCrLf Isnumberofstrawberries = True End If End If Loop If Isnumberofstrawberries = False Then Output = Output & "NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES" & " " & objParamLookup.Item("NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES") & vbCrLf Isnumberofstrawberries = True End If .Close End With Set objOutFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(objFSO.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName) &_ "\OUT_config.txt",2,True) With objOutFile .Write Output .Close End With Set objFSO = Nothing Set objParamLookup = Nothing
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "io" "log" "os" "strings" "unicode" ) type line struct { kind lineKind option string value string disabled bool } type lineKind int const ( _ lineKind = iota ignore parseError comment blank value ) func (l line) String() string { switch l.kind { case ignore, parseError, comment, blank: return l.value case value: s := l.option if l.disabled { s = "; " + s } if l.value != "" { s += " " + l.value } return s } panic("unexpected line kind") } func removeDross(s string) string { return strings.Map(func(r rune) rune { if r < 32 || r > 0x7f || unicode.IsControl(r) { return -1 } return r }, s) } func parseLine(s string) line { if s == "" { return line{kind: blank} } if s[0] == '#' { return line{kind: comment, value: s} } s = removeDross(s) fields := strings.Fields(s) if len(fields) == 0 { return line{kind: blank} } semi := false for len(fields[0]) > 0 && fields[0][0] == ';' { semi = true fields[0] = fields[0][1:] } if fields[0] == "" { fields = fields[1:] } switch len(fields) { case 0: return line{kind: ignore} case 1: return line{ kind: value, option: strings.ToUpper(fields[0]), disabled: semi, } case 2: return line{ kind: value, option: strings.ToUpper(fields[0]), value: fields[1], disabled: semi, } } return line{kind: parseError, value: s} } type Config struct { options map[string]int lines []line } func (c *Config) index(option string) int { if i, ok := c.options[option]; ok { return i } return -1 } func (c *Config) addLine(l line) { switch l.kind { case ignore: return case value: if c.index(l.option) >= 0 { return } c.options[l.option] = len(c.lines) c.lines = append(c.lines, l) default: c.lines = append(c.lines, l) } } func ReadConfig(path string) (*Config, error) { f, err := os.Open(path) if err != nil { return nil, err } defer f.Close() r := bufio.NewReader(f) c := &Config{options: make(map[string]int)} for { s, err := r.ReadString('\n') if s != "" { if err == nil { s = s[:len(s)-1] } c.addLine(parseLine(s)) } if err == io.EOF { break } if err != nil { return nil, err } } return c, nil } func (c *Config) Set(option string, val string) { if i := c.index(option); i >= 0 { line := &c.lines[i] line.disabled = false line.value = val return } c.addLine(line{ kind: value, option: option, value: val, }) } func (c *Config) Enable(option string, enabled bool) { if i := c.index(option); i >= 0 { c.lines[i].disabled = !enabled } } func (c *Config) Write(w io.Writer) { for _, line := range c.lines { fmt.Println(line) } } func main() { c, err := ReadConfig("/tmp/cfg") if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } c.Enable("NEEDSPEELING", false) c.Set("SEEDSREMOVED", "") c.Set("NUMBEROFBANANAS", "1024") c.Set("NUMBEROFSTRAWBERRIES", "62000") c.Write(os.Stdout) }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from VB to Go, same semantics.
Option Base 1 Public Enum attr Colour = 1 Nationality Beverage Smoke Pet End Enum Public Enum Drinks_ Beer = 1 Coffee Milk Tea Water End Enum Public Enum nations Danish = 1 English German Norwegian Swedish End Enum Public Enum colors Blue = 1 Green Red White Yellow End Enum Public Enum tobaccos Blend = 1 BlueMaster Dunhill PallMall Prince End Enum Public Enum animals Bird = 1 Cat Dog Horse Zebra End Enum Public permutation As New Collection Public perm(5) As Variant Const factorial5 = 120 Public Colours As Variant, Nationalities As Variant, Drinks As Variant, Smokes As Variant, Pets As Variant Private Sub generate(n As Integer, A As Variant) If n = 1 Then permutation.Add A Else For i = 1 To n generate n - 1, A If n Mod 2 = 0 Then tmp = A(i) A(i) = A(n) A(n) = tmp Else tmp = A(1) A(1) = A(n) A(n) = tmp End If Next i End If End Sub Function house(i As Integer, name As Variant) As Integer Dim x As Integer For x = 1 To 5 If perm(i)(x) = name Then house = x Exit For End If Next x End Function Function left_of(h1 As Integer, h2 As Integer) As Boolean left_of = (h1 - h2) = -1 End Function Function next_to(h1 As Integer, h2 As Integer) As Boolean next_to = Abs(h1 - h2) = 1 End Function Private Sub print_house(i As Integer) Debug.Print i & ": "; Colours(perm(Colour)(i)), Nationalities(perm(Nationality)(i)), _ Drinks(perm(Beverage)(i)), Smokes(perm(Smoke)(i)), Pets(perm(Pet)(i)) End Sub Public Sub Zebra_puzzle() Colours = [{"blue","green","red","white","yellow"}] Nationalities = [{"Dane","English","German","Norwegian","Swede"}] Drinks = [{"beer","coffee","milk","tea","water"}] Smokes = [{"Blend","Blue Master","Dunhill","Pall Mall","Prince"}] Pets = [{"birds","cats","dog","horse","zebra"}] Dim solperms As New Collection Dim solutions As Integer Dim b(5) As Integer, i As Integer For i = 1 To 5: b(i) = i: Next i generate 5, b For c = 1 To factorial5 perm(Colour) = permutation(c) If left_of(house(Colour, Green), house(Colour, White)) Then For n = 1 To factorial5 perm(Nationality) = permutation(n) If house(Nationality, Norwegian) = 1 _ And house(Nationality, English) = house(Colour, Red) _ And next_to(house(Nationality, Norwegian), house(Colour, Blue)) Then For d = 1 To factorial5 perm(Beverage) = permutation(d) If house(Nationality, Danish) = house(Beverage, Tea) _ And house(Beverage, Coffee) = house(Colour, Green) _ And house(Beverage, Milk) = 3 Then For s = 1 To factorial5 perm(Smoke) = permutation(s) If house(Colour, Yellow) = house(Smoke, Dunhill) _ And house(Nationality, German) = house(Smoke, Prince) _ And house(Smoke, BlueMaster) = house(Beverage, Beer) _ And next_to(house(Beverage, Water), house(Smoke, Blend)) Then For p = 1 To factorial5 perm(Pet) = permutation(p) If house(Nationality, Swedish) = house(Pet, Dog) _ And house(Smoke, PallMall) = house(Pet, Bird) _ And next_to(house(Smoke, Blend), house(Pet, Cat)) _ And next_to(house(Pet, Horse), house(Smoke, Dunhill)) Then For i = 1 To 5 print_house i Next i Debug.Print solutions = solutions + 1 solperms.Add perm End If Next p End If Next s End If Next d End If Next n End If Next c Debug.Print Format(solutions, "@"); " solution" & IIf(solutions > 1, "s", "") & " found" For i = 1 To solperms.Count For j = 1 To 5 perm(j) = solperms(i)(j) Next j Debug.Print "The " & Nationalities(perm(Nationality)(house(Pet, Zebra))) & " owns the Zebra" Next i End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "strings" ) type HouseSet [5]*House type House struct { n Nationality c Colour a Animal d Drink s Smoke } type Nationality int8 type Colour int8 type Animal int8 type Drink int8 type Smoke int8 const ( English Nationality = iota Swede Dane Norwegian German ) const ( Red Colour = iota Green White Yellow Blue ) const ( Dog Animal = iota Birds Cats Horse Zebra ) const ( Tea Drink = iota Coffee Milk Beer Water ) const ( PallMall Smoke = iota Dunhill Blend BlueMaster Prince ) var nationalities = [...]string{"English", "Swede", "Dane", "Norwegian", "German"} var colours = [...]string{"red", "green", "white", "yellow", "blue"} var animals = [...]string{"dog", "birds", "cats", "horse", "zebra"} var drinks = [...]string{"tea", "coffee", "milk", "beer", "water"} var smokes = [...]string{"Pall Mall", "Dunhill", "Blend", "Blue Master", "Prince"} func (n Nationality) String() string { return nationalities[n] } func (c Colour) String() string { return colours[c] } func (a Animal) String() string { return animals[a] } func (d Drink) String() string { return drinks[d] } func (s Smoke) String() string { return smokes[s] } func (h House) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%-9s  %-6s  %-5s  %-6s %s", h.n, h.c, h.a, h.d, h.s) } func (hs HouseSet) String() string { lines := make([]string, 0, len(hs)) for i, h := range hs { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", i, h) lines = append(lines, s) } return strings.Join(lines, "\n") } func simpleBruteForce() (int, HouseSet) { var v []House for n := range nationalities { for c := range colours { for a := range animals { for d := range drinks { for s := range smokes { h := House{ n: Nationality(n), c: Colour(c), a: Animal(a), d: Drink(d), s: Smoke(s), } if !h.Valid() { continue } v = append(v, h) } } } } } n := len(v) log.Println("Generated", n, "valid houses") combos := 0 first := 0 valid := 0 var validSet HouseSet for a := 0; a < n; a++ { if v[a].n != Norwegian { continue } for b := 0; b < n; b++ { if b == a { continue } if v[b].anyDups(&v[a]) { continue } for c := 0; c < n; c++ { if c == b || c == a { continue } if v[c].d != Milk { continue } if v[c].anyDups(&v[b], &v[a]) { continue } for d := 0; d < n; d++ { if d == c || d == b || d == a { continue } if v[d].anyDups(&v[c], &v[b], &v[a]) { continue } for e := 0; e < n; e++ { if e == d || e == c || e == b || e == a { continue } if v[e].anyDups(&v[d], &v[c], &v[b], &v[a]) { continue } combos++ set := HouseSet{&v[a], &v[b], &v[c], &v[d], &v[e]} if set.Valid() { valid++ if valid == 1 { first = combos } validSet = set } } } } } } log.Println("Tested", first, "different combinations of valid houses before finding solution") log.Println("Tested", combos, "different combinations of valid houses in total") return valid, validSet } func (h *House) anyDups(list ...*House) bool { for _, b := range list { if h.n == b.n || h.c == b.c || h.a == b.a || h.d == b.d || h.s == b.s { return true } } return false } func (h *House) Valid() bool { if h.n == English && h.c != Red || h.n != English && h.c == Red { return false } if h.n == Swede && h.a != Dog || h.n != Swede && h.a == Dog { return false } if h.n == Dane && h.d != Tea || h.n != Dane && h.d == Tea { return false } if h.c == Green && h.d != Coffee || h.c != Green && h.d == Coffee { return false } if h.a == Birds && h.s != PallMall || h.a != Birds && h.s == PallMall { return false } if h.c == Yellow && h.s != Dunhill || h.c != Yellow && h.s == Dunhill { return false } if h.a == Cats && h.s == Blend { return false } if h.a == Horse && h.s == Dunhill { return false } if h.d == Beer && h.s != BlueMaster || h.d != Beer && h.s == BlueMaster { return false } if h.n == German && h.s != Prince || h.n != German && h.s == Prince { return false } if h.n == Norwegian && h.c == Blue { return false } if h.d == Water && h.s == Blend { return false } return true } func (hs *HouseSet) Valid() bool { ni := make(map[Nationality]int, 5) ci := make(map[Colour]int, 5) ai := make(map[Animal]int, 5) di := make(map[Drink]int, 5) si := make(map[Smoke]int, 5) for i, h := range hs { ni[h.n] = i ci[h.c] = i ai[h.a] = i di[h.d] = i si[h.s] = i } if ci[Green]+1 != ci[White] { return false } if dist(ai[Cats], si[Blend]) != 1 { return false } if dist(ai[Horse], si[Dunhill]) != 1 { return false } if dist(ni[Norwegian], ci[Blue]) != 1 { return false } if dist(di[Water], si[Blend]) != 1 { return false } if hs[2].d != Milk { return false } if hs[0].n != Norwegian { return false } return true } func dist(a, b int) int { if a > b { return a - b } return b - a } func main() { log.SetFlags(0) n, sol := simpleBruteForce() fmt.Println(n, "solution found") fmt.Println(sol) }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the VB version.
Set http= CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") Set oDic = WScript.CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") start="https://rosettacode.org" Const lang="VBScript" Dim oHF gettaskslist "about:/wiki/Category:Programming_Tasks" ,True print odic.Count gettaskslist "about:/wiki/Category:Draft_Programming_Tasks",True print "total tasks " & odic.Count gettaskslist "about:/wiki/Category:"&lang,False print "total tasks not in " & lang & " " &odic.Count & vbcrlf For Each d In odic.keys print d &vbTab & Replace(odic(d),"about:", start) next WScript.Quit(1) Sub print(s): On Error Resume Next WScript.stdout.WriteLine (s) If err= &h80070006& Then WScript.echo " Please run this script with CScript": WScript.quit End Sub Function getpage(name) Set oHF=Nothing Set oHF = CreateObject("HTMLFILE") http.open "GET",name,False http.send oHF.write "<html><body></body></html>" oHF.body.innerHTML = http.responsetext Set getpage=Nothing End Function Sub gettaskslist(b,build) nextpage=b While nextpage <>"" nextpage=Replace(nextpage,"about:", start) WScript.Echo nextpage getpage(nextpage) Set xtoc = oHF.getElementbyId("mw-pages") nextpage="" For Each ch In xtoc.children If ch.innertext= "next page" Then nextpage=ch.attributes("href").value ElseIf ch.attributes("class").value="mw-content-ltr" Then Set ytoc=ch.children(0) Exit For End If Next For Each ch1 In ytoc.children For Each ch2 In ch1.children(1).children Set ch=ch2.children(0) If build Then odic.Add ch.innertext , ch.attributes("href").value else odic.Remove ch.innertext End if Next Next Wend End Sub
package main import ( "encoding/xml" "fmt" "io" "net/http" "net/url" ) const language = "Go" var baseQuery = "http: "&format=xml&list=categorymembers&cmlimit=100" func req(u string, foundCm func(string)) string { resp, err := http.Get(u) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return "" } defer resp.Body.Close() for p := xml.NewDecoder(resp.Body); ; { t, err := p.RawToken() switch s, ok := t.(xml.StartElement); { case err == io.EOF: return "" case err != nil: fmt.Println(err) return "" case !ok: continue case s.Name.Local == "cm": for _, a := range s.Attr { if a.Name.Local == "title" { foundCm(a.Value) } } case s.Name.Local == "categorymembers" && len(s.Attr) > 0 && s.Attr[0].Name.Local == "cmcontinue": return url.QueryEscape(s.Attr[0].Value) } } return "" } func main() { langMap := make(map[string]bool) storeLang := func(cm string) { langMap[cm] = true } languageQuery := baseQuery + "&cmtitle=Category:" + language continueAt := req(languageQuery, storeLang) for continueAt > "" { continueAt = req(languageQuery+"&cmcontinue="+continueAt, storeLang) } if len(langMap) == 0 { fmt.Println("no tasks implemented for", language) return } printUnImp := func(cm string) { if !langMap[cm] { fmt.Println(cm) } } taskQuery := baseQuery + "&cmtitle=Category:Programming_Tasks" continueAt = req(taskQuery, printUnImp) for continueAt > "" { continueAt = req(taskQuery+"&cmcontinue="+continueAt, printUnImp) } }
Convert this VB block to Go, preserving its control flow and logic.
Set http= CreateObject("WinHttp.WinHttpRequest.5.1") Set oDic = WScript.CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") start="https://rosettacode.org" Const lang="VBScript" Dim oHF gettaskslist "about:/wiki/Category:Programming_Tasks" ,True print odic.Count gettaskslist "about:/wiki/Category:Draft_Programming_Tasks",True print "total tasks " & odic.Count gettaskslist "about:/wiki/Category:"&lang,False print "total tasks not in " & lang & " " &odic.Count & vbcrlf For Each d In odic.keys print d &vbTab & Replace(odic(d),"about:", start) next WScript.Quit(1) Sub print(s): On Error Resume Next WScript.stdout.WriteLine (s) If err= &h80070006& Then WScript.echo " Please run this script with CScript": WScript.quit End Sub Function getpage(name) Set oHF=Nothing Set oHF = CreateObject("HTMLFILE") http.open "GET",name,False http.send oHF.write "<html><body></body></html>" oHF.body.innerHTML = http.responsetext Set getpage=Nothing End Function Sub gettaskslist(b,build) nextpage=b While nextpage <>"" nextpage=Replace(nextpage,"about:", start) WScript.Echo nextpage getpage(nextpage) Set xtoc = oHF.getElementbyId("mw-pages") nextpage="" For Each ch In xtoc.children If ch.innertext= "next page" Then nextpage=ch.attributes("href").value ElseIf ch.attributes("class").value="mw-content-ltr" Then Set ytoc=ch.children(0) Exit For End If Next For Each ch1 In ytoc.children For Each ch2 In ch1.children(1).children Set ch=ch2.children(0) If build Then odic.Add ch.innertext , ch.attributes("href").value else odic.Remove ch.innertext End if Next Next Wend End Sub
package main import ( "encoding/xml" "fmt" "io" "net/http" "net/url" ) const language = "Go" var baseQuery = "http: "&format=xml&list=categorymembers&cmlimit=100" func req(u string, foundCm func(string)) string { resp, err := http.Get(u) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return "" } defer resp.Body.Close() for p := xml.NewDecoder(resp.Body); ; { t, err := p.RawToken() switch s, ok := t.(xml.StartElement); { case err == io.EOF: return "" case err != nil: fmt.Println(err) return "" case !ok: continue case s.Name.Local == "cm": for _, a := range s.Attr { if a.Name.Local == "title" { foundCm(a.Value) } } case s.Name.Local == "categorymembers" && len(s.Attr) > 0 && s.Attr[0].Name.Local == "cmcontinue": return url.QueryEscape(s.Attr[0].Value) } } return "" } func main() { langMap := make(map[string]bool) storeLang := func(cm string) { langMap[cm] = true } languageQuery := baseQuery + "&cmtitle=Category:" + language continueAt := req(languageQuery, storeLang) for continueAt > "" { continueAt = req(languageQuery+"&cmcontinue="+continueAt, storeLang) } if len(langMap) == 0 { fmt.Println("no tasks implemented for", language) return } printUnImp := func(cm string) { if !langMap[cm] { fmt.Println(cm) } } taskQuery := baseQuery + "&cmtitle=Category:Programming_Tasks" continueAt = req(taskQuery, printUnImp) for continueAt > "" { continueAt = req(taskQuery+"&cmcontinue="+continueAt, printUnImp) } }
Generate a Go translation of this VB snippet without changing its computational steps.
Imports System, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger, System.Console Module Module1 Function isqrt(ByVal x As BI) As BI Dim t As BI, q As BI = 1, r As BI = 0 While q <= x : q <<= 2 : End While While q > 1 : q >>= 2 : t = x - r - q : r >>= 1 If t >= 0 Then x = t : r += q End While : Return r End Function Function dump(ByVal digs As Integer, ByVal Optional show As Boolean = False) As String digs += 1 Dim z As Integer, gb As Integer = 1, dg As Integer = digs + gb Dim te As BI, t1 As BI = 1, t2 As BI = 9, t3 As BI = 1, su As BI = 0, t As BI = BI.Pow(10, If(dg <= 60, 0, dg - 60)), d As BI = -1, fn As BI = 1 For n As BI = 0 To dg - 1 If n > 0 Then t3 = t3 * BI.Pow(n, 6) te = t1 * t2 / t3 : z = dg - 1 - CInt(n) * 6 If z > 0 Then te = te * BI.Pow(10, z) Else te = te / BI.Pow(10, -z) If show AndAlso n < 10 Then WriteLine("{0,2} {1,62}", n, te * 32 / 3 / t) su += te : If te < 10 Then digs -= 1 If show Then WriteLine(vbLf & "{0} iterations required for {1} digits " & _ "after the decimal point." & vbLf, n, digs) Exit For End If For j As BI = n * 6 + 1 To n * 6 + 6 t1 = t1 * j : Next d += 2 : t2 += 126 + 532 * d Next Dim s As String = String.Format("{0}", isqrt(BI.Pow(10, dg * 2 + 3) _ / su / 32 * 3 * BI.Pow(CType(10, BI), dg + 5))) Return s(0) & "." & s.Substring(1, digs) End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) WriteLine(dump(70, true)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strings" ) func factorial(n int64) *big.Int { var z big.Int return z.MulRange(1, n) } var one = big.NewInt(1) var three = big.NewInt(3) var six = big.NewInt(6) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var seventy = big.NewInt(70) func almkvistGiullera(n int64, print bool) *big.Rat { t1 := big.NewInt(32) t1.Mul(factorial(6*n), t1) t2 := big.NewInt(532*n*n + 126*n + 9) t3 := new(big.Int) t3.Exp(factorial(n), six, nil) t3.Mul(t3, three) ip := new(big.Int) ip.Mul(t1, t2) ip.Quo(ip, t3) pw := 6*n + 3 t1.SetInt64(pw) tm := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(ip, t1.Exp(ten, t1, nil)) if print { fmt.Printf("%d %44d %3d  %-35s\n", n, ip, -pw, tm.FloatString(33)) } return tm } func main() { fmt.Println("N Integer Portion Pow Nth Term (33 dp)") fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 89)) for n := int64(0); n < 10; n++ { almkvistGiullera(n, true) } sum := new(big.Rat) prev := new(big.Rat) pow70 := new(big.Int).Exp(ten, seventy, nil) prec := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(one, pow70) n := int64(0) for { term := almkvistGiullera(n, false) sum.Add(sum, term) z := new(big.Rat).Sub(sum, prev) z.Abs(z) if z.Cmp(prec) < 0 { break } prev.Set(sum) n++ } sum.Inv(sum) pi := new(big.Float).SetPrec(256).SetRat(sum) pi.Sqrt(pi) fmt.Println("\nPi to 70 decimal places is:") fmt.Println(pi.Text('f', 70)) }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from VB to Go, same semantics.
Imports System, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger, System.Console Module Module1 Function isqrt(ByVal x As BI) As BI Dim t As BI, q As BI = 1, r As BI = 0 While q <= x : q <<= 2 : End While While q > 1 : q >>= 2 : t = x - r - q : r >>= 1 If t >= 0 Then x = t : r += q End While : Return r End Function Function dump(ByVal digs As Integer, ByVal Optional show As Boolean = False) As String digs += 1 Dim z As Integer, gb As Integer = 1, dg As Integer = digs + gb Dim te As BI, t1 As BI = 1, t2 As BI = 9, t3 As BI = 1, su As BI = 0, t As BI = BI.Pow(10, If(dg <= 60, 0, dg - 60)), d As BI = -1, fn As BI = 1 For n As BI = 0 To dg - 1 If n > 0 Then t3 = t3 * BI.Pow(n, 6) te = t1 * t2 / t3 : z = dg - 1 - CInt(n) * 6 If z > 0 Then te = te * BI.Pow(10, z) Else te = te / BI.Pow(10, -z) If show AndAlso n < 10 Then WriteLine("{0,2} {1,62}", n, te * 32 / 3 / t) su += te : If te < 10 Then digs -= 1 If show Then WriteLine(vbLf & "{0} iterations required for {1} digits " & _ "after the decimal point." & vbLf, n, digs) Exit For End If For j As BI = n * 6 + 1 To n * 6 + 6 t1 = t1 * j : Next d += 2 : t2 += 126 + 532 * d Next Dim s As String = String.Format("{0}", isqrt(BI.Pow(10, dg * 2 + 3) _ / su / 32 * 3 * BI.Pow(CType(10, BI), dg + 5))) Return s(0) & "." & s.Substring(1, digs) End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) WriteLine(dump(70, true)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strings" ) func factorial(n int64) *big.Int { var z big.Int return z.MulRange(1, n) } var one = big.NewInt(1) var three = big.NewInt(3) var six = big.NewInt(6) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var seventy = big.NewInt(70) func almkvistGiullera(n int64, print bool) *big.Rat { t1 := big.NewInt(32) t1.Mul(factorial(6*n), t1) t2 := big.NewInt(532*n*n + 126*n + 9) t3 := new(big.Int) t3.Exp(factorial(n), six, nil) t3.Mul(t3, three) ip := new(big.Int) ip.Mul(t1, t2) ip.Quo(ip, t3) pw := 6*n + 3 t1.SetInt64(pw) tm := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(ip, t1.Exp(ten, t1, nil)) if print { fmt.Printf("%d %44d %3d  %-35s\n", n, ip, -pw, tm.FloatString(33)) } return tm } func main() { fmt.Println("N Integer Portion Pow Nth Term (33 dp)") fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 89)) for n := int64(0); n < 10; n++ { almkvistGiullera(n, true) } sum := new(big.Rat) prev := new(big.Rat) pow70 := new(big.Int).Exp(ten, seventy, nil) prec := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(one, pow70) n := int64(0) for { term := almkvistGiullera(n, false) sum.Add(sum, term) z := new(big.Rat).Sub(sum, prev) z.Abs(z) if z.Cmp(prec) < 0 { break } prev.Set(sum) n++ } sum.Inv(sum) pi := new(big.Float).SetPrec(256).SetRat(sum) pi.Sqrt(pi) fmt.Println("\nPi to 70 decimal places is:") fmt.Println(pi.Text('f', 70)) }
Write the same code in Go as shown below in VB.
Imports System, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger, System.Console Module Module1 Function isqrt(ByVal x As BI) As BI Dim t As BI, q As BI = 1, r As BI = 0 While q <= x : q <<= 2 : End While While q > 1 : q >>= 2 : t = x - r - q : r >>= 1 If t >= 0 Then x = t : r += q End While : Return r End Function Function dump(ByVal digs As Integer, ByVal Optional show As Boolean = False) As String digs += 1 Dim z As Integer, gb As Integer = 1, dg As Integer = digs + gb Dim te As BI, t1 As BI = 1, t2 As BI = 9, t3 As BI = 1, su As BI = 0, t As BI = BI.Pow(10, If(dg <= 60, 0, dg - 60)), d As BI = -1, fn As BI = 1 For n As BI = 0 To dg - 1 If n > 0 Then t3 = t3 * BI.Pow(n, 6) te = t1 * t2 / t3 : z = dg - 1 - CInt(n) * 6 If z > 0 Then te = te * BI.Pow(10, z) Else te = te / BI.Pow(10, -z) If show AndAlso n < 10 Then WriteLine("{0,2} {1,62}", n, te * 32 / 3 / t) su += te : If te < 10 Then digs -= 1 If show Then WriteLine(vbLf & "{0} iterations required for {1} digits " & _ "after the decimal point." & vbLf, n, digs) Exit For End If For j As BI = n * 6 + 1 To n * 6 + 6 t1 = t1 * j : Next d += 2 : t2 += 126 + 532 * d Next Dim s As String = String.Format("{0}", isqrt(BI.Pow(10, dg * 2 + 3) _ / su / 32 * 3 * BI.Pow(CType(10, BI), dg + 5))) Return s(0) & "." & s.Substring(1, digs) End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) WriteLine(dump(70, true)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strings" ) func factorial(n int64) *big.Int { var z big.Int return z.MulRange(1, n) } var one = big.NewInt(1) var three = big.NewInt(3) var six = big.NewInt(6) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var seventy = big.NewInt(70) func almkvistGiullera(n int64, print bool) *big.Rat { t1 := big.NewInt(32) t1.Mul(factorial(6*n), t1) t2 := big.NewInt(532*n*n + 126*n + 9) t3 := new(big.Int) t3.Exp(factorial(n), six, nil) t3.Mul(t3, three) ip := new(big.Int) ip.Mul(t1, t2) ip.Quo(ip, t3) pw := 6*n + 3 t1.SetInt64(pw) tm := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(ip, t1.Exp(ten, t1, nil)) if print { fmt.Printf("%d %44d %3d  %-35s\n", n, ip, -pw, tm.FloatString(33)) } return tm } func main() { fmt.Println("N Integer Portion Pow Nth Term (33 dp)") fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 89)) for n := int64(0); n < 10; n++ { almkvistGiullera(n, true) } sum := new(big.Rat) prev := new(big.Rat) pow70 := new(big.Int).Exp(ten, seventy, nil) prec := new(big.Rat).SetFrac(one, pow70) n := int64(0) for { term := almkvistGiullera(n, false) sum.Add(sum, term) z := new(big.Rat).Sub(sum, prev) z.Abs(z) if z.Cmp(prec) < 0 { break } prev.Set(sum) n++ } sum.Inv(sum) pi := new(big.Float).SetPrec(256).SetRat(sum) pi.Sqrt(pi) fmt.Println("\nPi to 70 decimal places is:") fmt.Println(pi.Text('f', 70)) }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from VB to Go.
Imports System.Collections.Generic, System.Linq, System.Console Module Module1 Function soas(ByVal n As Integer, ByVal f As IEnumerable(Of Integer)) As Boolean If n <= 0 Then Return False Else If f.Contains(n) Then Return True Select Case n.CompareTo(f.Sum()) Case 1 : Return False : Case 0 : Return True Case -1 : Dim rf As List(Of Integer) = f.Reverse().ToList() : Dim D as Integer = n - rf(0) rf.RemoveAt(0) : Return soas(d, rf) OrElse soas(n, rf) End Select : Return true End Function Function ip(ByVal n As Integer) As Boolean Dim f As IEnumerable(Of Integer) = Enumerable.Range(1, n >> 1).Where(Function(d) n Mod d = 0).ToList() Return Enumerable.Range(1, n - 1).ToList().TrueForAll(Function(i) soas(i, f)) End Function Sub Main() Dim c As Integer = 0, m As Integer = 333, i As Integer = 1 : While i <= m If ip(i) OrElse i = 1 Then c += 1 : Write("{0,3} {1}", i, If(c Mod 10 = 0, vbLf, "")) i += If(i = 1, 1, 2) : End While Write(vbLf & "Found {0} practical numbers between 1 and {1} inclusive." & vbLf, c, m) Do : m = If(m < 500, m << 1, m * 10 + 6) Write(vbLf & "{0,5} is a{1}practical number.", m, If(ip(m), " ", "n im")) : Loop While m < 1e4 End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func powerset(set []int) [][]int { if len(set) == 0 { return [][]int{{}} } head := set[0] tail := set[1:] p1 := powerset(tail) var p2 [][]int for _, s := range powerset(tail) { h := []int{head} h = append(h, s...) p2 = append(p2, h) } return append(p1, p2...) } func isPractical(n int) bool { if n == 1 { return true } divs := rcu.ProperDivisors(n) subsets := powerset(divs) found := make([]bool, n) count := 0 for _, subset := range subsets { sum := rcu.SumInts(subset) if sum > 0 && sum < n && !found[sum] { found[sum] = true count++ if count == n-1 { return true } } } return false } func main() { fmt.Println("In the range 1..333, there are:") var practical []int for i := 1; i <= 333; i++ { if isPractical(i) { practical = append(practical, i) } } fmt.Println(" ", len(practical), "practical numbers") fmt.Println(" The first ten are", practical[0:10]) fmt.Println(" The final ten are", practical[len(practical)-10:]) fmt.Println("\n666 is practical:", isPractical(666)) }
Translate this program into Go but keep the logic exactly as in VB.
Module Module1 ReadOnly Dirs As Integer(,) = { {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, -1}, {-1, 1} } Const RowCount = 10 Const ColCount = 10 Const GridSize = RowCount * ColCount Const MinWords = 25 Class Grid Public cells(RowCount - 1, ColCount - 1) As Char Public solutions As New List(Of String) Public numAttempts As Integer Sub New() For i = 0 To RowCount - 1 For j = 0 To ColCount - 1 cells(i, j) = ControlChars.NullChar Next Next End Sub End Class Dim Rand As New Random() Sub Main() PrintResult(CreateWordSearch(ReadWords("unixdict.txt"))) End Sub Function ReadWords(filename As String) As List(Of String) Dim maxlen = Math.Max(RowCount, ColCount) Dim words As New List(Of String) Dim objReader As New IO.StreamReader(filename) Dim line As String Do While objReader.Peek() <> -1 line = objReader.ReadLine() If line.Length > 3 And line.Length < maxlen Then If line.All(Function(c) Char.IsLetter(c)) Then words.Add(line) End If End If Loop Return words End Function Function CreateWordSearch(words As List(Of String)) As Grid For numAttempts = 1 To 1000 Shuffle(words) Dim grid As New Grid() Dim messageLen = PlaceMessage(grid, "Rosetta Code") Dim target = GridSize - messageLen Dim cellsFilled = 0 For Each word In words cellsFilled = cellsFilled + TryPlaceWord(grid, word) If cellsFilled = target Then If grid.solutions.Count >= MinWords Then grid.numAttempts = numAttempts Return grid Else Exit For End If End If Next Next Return Nothing End Function Function PlaceMessage(grid As Grid, msg As String) As Integer msg = msg.ToUpper() msg = msg.Replace(" ", "") If msg.Length > 0 And msg.Length < GridSize Then Dim gapSize As Integer = GridSize / msg.Length Dim pos = 0 Dim lastPos = -1 For i = 0 To msg.Length - 1 If i = 0 Then pos = pos + Rand.Next(gapSize - 1) Else pos = pos + Rand.Next(2, gapSize - 1) End If Dim r As Integer = Math.Floor(pos / ColCount) Dim c = pos Mod ColCount grid.cells(r, c) = msg(i) lastPos = pos Next Return msg.Length End If Return 0 End Function Function TryPlaceWord(grid As Grid, word As String) As Integer Dim randDir = Rand.Next(Dirs.GetLength(0)) Dim randPos = Rand.Next(GridSize) For d = 0 To Dirs.GetLength(0) - 1 Dim dd = (d + randDir) Mod Dirs.GetLength(0) For p = 0 To GridSize - 1 Dim pp = (p + randPos) Mod GridSize Dim lettersPLaced = TryLocation(grid, word, dd, pp) If lettersPLaced > 0 Then Return lettersPLaced End If Next Next Return 0 End Function Function TryLocation(grid As Grid, word As String, dir As Integer, pos As Integer) As Integer Dim r As Integer = pos / ColCount Dim c = pos Mod ColCount Dim len = word.Length If (Dirs(dir, 0) = 1 And len + c >= ColCount) Or (Dirs(dir, 0) = -1 And len - 1 > c) Or (Dirs(dir, 1) = 1 And len + r >= RowCount) Or (Dirs(dir, 1) = -1 And len - 1 > r) Then Return 0 End If If r = RowCount OrElse c = ColCount Then Return 0 End If Dim rr = r Dim cc = c For i = 0 To len - 1 If grid.cells(rr, cc) <> ControlChars.NullChar AndAlso grid.cells(rr, cc) <> word(i) Then Return 0 End If cc = cc + Dirs(dir, 0) rr = rr + Dirs(dir, 1) Next Dim overlaps = 0 rr = r cc = c For i = 0 To len - 1 If grid.cells(rr, cc) = word(i) Then overlaps = overlaps + 1 Else grid.cells(rr, cc) = word(i) End If If i < len - 1 Then cc = cc + Dirs(dir, 0) rr = rr + Dirs(dir, 1) End If Next Dim lettersPlaced = len - overlaps If lettersPlaced > 0 Then grid.solutions.Add(String.Format("{0,-10} ({1},{2})({3},{4})", word, c, r, cc, rr)) End If Return lettersPlaced End Function Sub PrintResult(grid As Grid) If IsNothing(grid) OrElse grid.numAttempts = 0 Then Console.WriteLine("No grid to display") Return End If Console.WriteLine("Attempts: {0}", grid.numAttempts) Console.WriteLine("Number of words: {0}", GridSize) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9") For r = 0 To RowCount - 1 Console.WriteLine() Console.Write("{0} ", r) For c = 0 To ColCount - 1 Console.Write(" {0} ", grid.cells(r, c)) Next Next Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine() For i = 0 To grid.solutions.Count - 1 If i Mod 2 = 0 Then Console.Write("{0}", grid.solutions(i)) Else Console.WriteLine(" {0}", grid.solutions(i)) End If Next Console.WriteLine() End Sub Sub Shuffle(Of T)(list As IList(Of T)) Dim r As Random = New Random() For i = 0 To list.Count - 1 Dim index As Integer = r.Next(i, list.Count) If i <> index Then Dim temp As T = list(i) list(i) = list(index) list(index) = temp End If Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "math/rand" "os" "regexp" "strings" "time" ) var dirs = [][]int{{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, -1}, {-1, 1}} const ( nRows = 10 nCols = nRows gridSize = nRows * nCols minWords = 25 ) var ( re1 = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("^[a-z]{3,%d}$", nRows)) re2 = regexp.MustCompile("[^A-Z]") ) type grid struct { numAttempts int cells [nRows][nCols]byte solutions []string } func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func readWords(fileName string) []string { file, err := os.Open(fileName) check(err) defer file.Close() var words []string scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file) for scanner.Scan() { word := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())) if re1.MatchString(word) { words = append(words, word) } } check(scanner.Err()) return words } func createWordSearch(words []string) *grid { var gr *grid outer: for i := 1; i < 100; i++ { gr = new(grid) messageLen := gr.placeMessage("Rosetta Code") target := gridSize - messageLen cellsFilled := 0 rand.Shuffle(len(words), func(i, j int) { words[i], words[j] = words[j], words[i] }) for _, word := range words { cellsFilled += gr.tryPlaceWord(word) if cellsFilled == target { if len(gr.solutions) >= minWords { gr.numAttempts = i break outer } else { break } } } } return gr } func (gr *grid) placeMessage(msg string) int { msg = strings.ToUpper(msg) msg = re2.ReplaceAllLiteralString(msg, "") messageLen := len(msg) if messageLen > 0 && messageLen < gridSize { gapSize := gridSize / messageLen for i := 0; i < messageLen; i++ { pos := i*gapSize + rand.Intn(gapSize) gr.cells[pos/nCols][pos%nCols] = msg[i] } return messageLen } return 0 } func (gr *grid) tryPlaceWord(word string) int { randDir := rand.Intn(len(dirs)) randPos := rand.Intn(gridSize) for dir := 0; dir < len(dirs); dir++ { dir = (dir + randDir) % len(dirs) for pos := 0; pos < gridSize; pos++ { pos = (pos + randPos) % gridSize lettersPlaced := gr.tryLocation(word, dir, pos) if lettersPlaced > 0 { return lettersPlaced } } } return 0 } func (gr *grid) tryLocation(word string, dir, pos int) int { r := pos / nCols c := pos % nCols le := len(word) if (dirs[dir][0] == 1 && (le+c) > nCols) || (dirs[dir][0] == -1 && (le-1) > c) || (dirs[dir][1] == 1 && (le+r) > nRows) || (dirs[dir][1] == -1 && (le-1) > r) { return 0 } overlaps := 0 rr := r cc := c for i := 0; i < le; i++ { if gr.cells[rr][cc] != 0 && gr.cells[rr][cc] != word[i] { return 0 } cc += dirs[dir][0] rr += dirs[dir][1] } rr = r cc = c for i := 0; i < le; i++ { if gr.cells[rr][cc] == word[i] { overlaps++ } else { gr.cells[rr][cc] = word[i] } if i < le-1 { cc += dirs[dir][0] rr += dirs[dir][1] } } lettersPlaced := le - overlaps if lettersPlaced > 0 { sol := fmt.Sprintf("%-10s (%d,%d)(%d,%d)", word, c, r, cc, rr) gr.solutions = append(gr.solutions, sol) } return lettersPlaced } func printResult(gr *grid) { if gr.numAttempts == 0 { fmt.Println("No grid to display") return } size := len(gr.solutions) fmt.Println("Attempts:", gr.numAttempts) fmt.Println("Number of words:", size) fmt.Println("\n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9") for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { fmt.Printf("\n%d ", r) for c := 0; c < nCols; c++ { fmt.Printf(" %c ", gr.cells[r][c]) } } fmt.Println("\n") for i := 0; i < size-1; i += 2 { fmt.Printf("%s %s\n", gr.solutions[i], gr.solutions[i+1]) } if size%2 == 1 { fmt.Println(gr.solutions[size-1]) } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) unixDictPath := "/usr/share/dict/words" printResult(createWordSearch(readWords(unixDictPath))) }
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in VB.
Imports System.Reflection Public Class MyClazz Private answer As Integer = 42 End Class Public Class Program Public Shared Sub Main() Dim myInstance = New MyClazz() Dim fieldInfo = GetType(MyClazz).GetField("answer", BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance) Dim answer = fieldInfo.GetValue(myInstance) Console.WriteLine(answer) End Sub End Class
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "os" "reflect" "unsafe" ) type foobar struct { Exported int unexported int } func main() { obj := foobar{12, 42} fmt.Println("obj:", obj) examineAndModify(&obj) fmt.Println("obj:", obj) anotherExample() } func examineAndModify(any interface{}) { v := reflect.ValueOf(any) v = v.Elem() fmt.Println(" v:", v, "=", v.Interface()) t := v.Type() fmt.Printf(" %3s %-10s %-4s %s\n", "Idx", "Name", "Type", "CanSet") for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ { f := v.Field(i) fmt.Printf(" %2d: %-10s %-4s %t\n", i, t.Field(i).Name, f.Type(), f.CanSet()) } v.Field(0).SetInt(16) vp := v.Field(1).Addr() up := unsafe.Pointer(vp.Pointer()) p := (*int)(up) fmt.Printf(" vp has type %-14T = %v\n", vp, vp) fmt.Printf(" up has type %-14T = %#0x\n", up, up) fmt.Printf(" p has type %-14T = %v pointing at %v\n", p, p, *p) *p = 43 *(*int)(unsafe.Pointer(v.Field(1).Addr().Pointer()))++ } func anotherExample() { r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) errp := (*error)(unsafe.Pointer( reflect.ValueOf(r).Elem().FieldByName("err").Addr().Pointer())) *errp = errors.New("unsafely injected error value into bufio inner workings") _, err := r.ReadByte() fmt.Println("bufio.ReadByte returned error:", err) }
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this VB implementation.
Imports System.Reflection Public Class MyClazz Private answer As Integer = 42 End Class Public Class Program Public Shared Sub Main() Dim myInstance = New MyClazz() Dim fieldInfo = GetType(MyClazz).GetField("answer", BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance) Dim answer = fieldInfo.GetValue(myInstance) Console.WriteLine(answer) End Sub End Class
package main import ( "bufio" "errors" "fmt" "os" "reflect" "unsafe" ) type foobar struct { Exported int unexported int } func main() { obj := foobar{12, 42} fmt.Println("obj:", obj) examineAndModify(&obj) fmt.Println("obj:", obj) anotherExample() } func examineAndModify(any interface{}) { v := reflect.ValueOf(any) v = v.Elem() fmt.Println(" v:", v, "=", v.Interface()) t := v.Type() fmt.Printf(" %3s %-10s %-4s %s\n", "Idx", "Name", "Type", "CanSet") for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ { f := v.Field(i) fmt.Printf(" %2d: %-10s %-4s %t\n", i, t.Field(i).Name, f.Type(), f.CanSet()) } v.Field(0).SetInt(16) vp := v.Field(1).Addr() up := unsafe.Pointer(vp.Pointer()) p := (*int)(up) fmt.Printf(" vp has type %-14T = %v\n", vp, vp) fmt.Printf(" up has type %-14T = %#0x\n", up, up) fmt.Printf(" p has type %-14T = %v pointing at %v\n", p, p, *p) *p = 43 *(*int)(unsafe.Pointer(v.Field(1).Addr().Pointer()))++ } func anotherExample() { r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) errp := (*error)(unsafe.Pointer( reflect.ValueOf(r).Elem().FieldByName("err").Addr().Pointer())) *errp = errors.New("unsafely injected error value into bufio inner workings") _, err := r.ReadByte() fmt.Println("bufio.ReadByte returned error:", err) }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Module Module1 Class Node Public Sub New(Len As Integer) Length = Len Edges = New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer) End Sub Public Sub New(len As Integer, edg As Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), suf As Integer) Length = len Edges = If(IsNothing(edg), New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), edg) Suffix = suf End Sub Property Edges As Dictionary(Of Char, Integer) Property Length As Integer Property Suffix As Integer End Class ReadOnly EVEN_ROOT As Integer = 0 ReadOnly ODD_ROOT As Integer = 1 Function Eertree(s As String) As List(Of Node) Dim tree As New List(Of Node) From { New Node(0, New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), ODD_ROOT), New Node(-1, New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), ODD_ROOT) } Dim suffix = ODD_ROOT Dim n As Integer Dim k As Integer For i = 1 To s.Length Dim c = s(i - 1) n = suffix While True k = tree(n).Length Dim b = i - k - 2 If b >= 0 AndAlso s(b) = c Then Exit While End If n = tree(n).Suffix End While If tree(n).Edges.ContainsKey(c) Then suffix = tree(n).Edges(c) Continue For End If suffix = tree.Count tree.Add(New Node(k + 2)) tree(n).Edges(c) = suffix If tree(suffix).Length = 1 Then tree(suffix).Suffix = 0 Continue For End If While True n = tree(n).Suffix Dim b = i - tree(n).Length - 2 If b >= 0 AndAlso s(b) = c Then Exit While End If End While Dim a = tree(n) Dim d = a.Edges(c) Dim e = tree(suffix) e.Suffix = d Next Return tree End Function Function SubPalindromes(tree As List(Of Node)) As List(Of String) Dim s As New List(Of String) Dim children As Action(Of Integer, String) = Sub(n As Integer, p As String) For Each c In tree(n).Edges.Keys Dim m = tree(n).Edges(c) Dim p1 = c + p + c s.Add(p1) children(m, p1) Next End Sub children(0, "") For Each c In tree(1).Edges.Keys Dim m = tree(1).Edges(c) Dim ct = c.ToString() s.Add(ct) children(m, ct) Next Return s End Function Sub Main() Dim tree = Eertree("eertree") Dim result = SubPalindromes(tree) Dim listStr = String.Join(", ", result) Console.WriteLine("[{0}]", listStr) End Sub End Module
package main import "fmt" func main() { tree := eertree([]byte("eertree")) fmt.Println(subPalindromes(tree)) } type edges map[byte]int type node struct { length int edges suffix int } const evenRoot = 0 const oddRoot = 1 func eertree(s []byte) []node { tree := []node{ evenRoot: {length: 0, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, oddRoot: {length: -1, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, } suffix := oddRoot var n, k int for i, c := range s { for n = suffix; ; n = tree[n].suffix { k = tree[n].length if b := i - k - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } if e, ok := tree[n].edges[c]; ok { suffix = e continue } suffix = len(tree) tree = append(tree, node{length: k + 2, edges: edges{}}) tree[n].edges[c] = suffix if tree[suffix].length == 1 { tree[suffix].suffix = 0 continue } for { n = tree[n].suffix if b := i - tree[n].length - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } tree[suffix].suffix = tree[n].edges[c] } return tree } func subPalindromes(tree []node) (s []string) { var children func(int, string) children = func(n int, p string) { for c, n := range tree[n].edges { c := string(c) p := c + p + c s = append(s, p) children(n, p) } } children(0, "") for c, n := range tree[1].edges { c := string(c) s = append(s, c) children(n, c) } return }
Convert this VB block to Go, preserving its control flow and logic.
Module Module1 Class Node Public Sub New(Len As Integer) Length = Len Edges = New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer) End Sub Public Sub New(len As Integer, edg As Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), suf As Integer) Length = len Edges = If(IsNothing(edg), New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), edg) Suffix = suf End Sub Property Edges As Dictionary(Of Char, Integer) Property Length As Integer Property Suffix As Integer End Class ReadOnly EVEN_ROOT As Integer = 0 ReadOnly ODD_ROOT As Integer = 1 Function Eertree(s As String) As List(Of Node) Dim tree As New List(Of Node) From { New Node(0, New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), ODD_ROOT), New Node(-1, New Dictionary(Of Char, Integer), ODD_ROOT) } Dim suffix = ODD_ROOT Dim n As Integer Dim k As Integer For i = 1 To s.Length Dim c = s(i - 1) n = suffix While True k = tree(n).Length Dim b = i - k - 2 If b >= 0 AndAlso s(b) = c Then Exit While End If n = tree(n).Suffix End While If tree(n).Edges.ContainsKey(c) Then suffix = tree(n).Edges(c) Continue For End If suffix = tree.Count tree.Add(New Node(k + 2)) tree(n).Edges(c) = suffix If tree(suffix).Length = 1 Then tree(suffix).Suffix = 0 Continue For End If While True n = tree(n).Suffix Dim b = i - tree(n).Length - 2 If b >= 0 AndAlso s(b) = c Then Exit While End If End While Dim a = tree(n) Dim d = a.Edges(c) Dim e = tree(suffix) e.Suffix = d Next Return tree End Function Function SubPalindromes(tree As List(Of Node)) As List(Of String) Dim s As New List(Of String) Dim children As Action(Of Integer, String) = Sub(n As Integer, p As String) For Each c In tree(n).Edges.Keys Dim m = tree(n).Edges(c) Dim p1 = c + p + c s.Add(p1) children(m, p1) Next End Sub children(0, "") For Each c In tree(1).Edges.Keys Dim m = tree(1).Edges(c) Dim ct = c.ToString() s.Add(ct) children(m, ct) Next Return s End Function Sub Main() Dim tree = Eertree("eertree") Dim result = SubPalindromes(tree) Dim listStr = String.Join(", ", result) Console.WriteLine("[{0}]", listStr) End Sub End Module
package main import "fmt" func main() { tree := eertree([]byte("eertree")) fmt.Println(subPalindromes(tree)) } type edges map[byte]int type node struct { length int edges suffix int } const evenRoot = 0 const oddRoot = 1 func eertree(s []byte) []node { tree := []node{ evenRoot: {length: 0, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, oddRoot: {length: -1, suffix: oddRoot, edges: edges{}}, } suffix := oddRoot var n, k int for i, c := range s { for n = suffix; ; n = tree[n].suffix { k = tree[n].length if b := i - k - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } if e, ok := tree[n].edges[c]; ok { suffix = e continue } suffix = len(tree) tree = append(tree, node{length: k + 2, edges: edges{}}) tree[n].edges[c] = suffix if tree[suffix].length == 1 { tree[suffix].suffix = 0 continue } for { n = tree[n].suffix if b := i - tree[n].length - 1; b >= 0 && s[b] == c { break } } tree[suffix].suffix = tree[n].edges[c] } return tree } func subPalindromes(tree []node) (s []string) { var children func(int, string) children = func(n int, p string) { for c, n := range tree[n].edges { c := string(c) p := c + p + c s = append(s, p) children(n, p) } } children(0, "") for c, n := range tree[1].edges { c := string(c) s = append(s, c) children(n, c) } return }
Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
DEFINT A-Z DECLARE FUNCTION p% (Yr AS INTEGER) DECLARE FUNCTION LongYear% (Yr AS INTEGER) DIM iYi, iYf, i CLS PRINT "This program calculates which are 53-week years in a range." PRINT INPUT "Initial year"; iYi INPUT "Final year (could be the same)"; iYf IF iYf >= iYi THEN FOR i = iYi TO iYf IF LongYear(i) THEN PRINT i; " "; END IF NEXT i END IF PRINT PRINT PRINT "End of program." END FUNCTION LongYear% (Yr AS INTEGER) LongYear% = (p%(Yr) = 4) OR (p%(Yr - 1) = 3) END FUNCTION FUNCTION p% (Yr AS INTEGER) p% = (Yr + INT(Yr / 4) - INT(Yr / 100) + INT(Yr / 400)) MOD 7 END FUNCTION
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func main() { centuries := []string{"20th", "21st", "22nd"} starts := []int{1900, 2000, 2100} for i := 0; i < len(centuries); i++ { var longYears []int fmt.Printf("\nLong years in the %s century:\n", centuries[i]) for j := starts[i]; j < starts[i] + 100; j++ { t := time.Date(j, time.December, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC) if _, week := t.ISOWeek(); week == 53 { longYears = append(longYears, j) } } fmt.Println(longYears) } }
Generate a Go translation of this VB snippet without changing its computational steps.
Module Module1 Function GetDivisors(n As Integer) As List(Of Integer) Dim divs As New List(Of Integer) From { 1, n } Dim i = 2 While i * i <= n If n Mod i = 0 Then Dim j = n \ i divs.Add(i) If i <> j Then divs.Add(j) End If End If i += 1 End While Return divs End Function Function IsPartSum(divs As List(Of Integer), sum As Integer) As Boolean If sum = 0 Then Return True End If Dim le = divs.Count If le = 0 Then Return False End If Dim last = divs(le - 1) Dim newDivs As New List(Of Integer) For i = 1 To le - 1 newDivs.Add(divs(i - 1)) Next If last > sum Then Return IsPartSum(newDivs, sum) End If Return IsPartSum(newDivs, sum) OrElse IsPartSum(newDivs, sum - last) End Function Function IsZumkeller(n As Integer) As Boolean Dim divs = GetDivisors(n) Dim sum = divs.Sum() REM if sum is odd can If sum Mod 2 = 1 Then Return False End If REM if n is odd use If n Mod 2 = 1 Then Dim abundance = sum - 2 * n Return abundance > 0 AndAlso abundance Mod 2 = 0 End If REM if n and sum are both even check if there Return IsPartSum(divs, sum \ 2) End Function Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("The first 220 Zumkeller numbers are:") Dim i = 2 Dim count = 0 While count < 220 If IsZumkeller(i) Then Console.Write("{0,3} ", i) count += 1 If count Mod 20 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine() End If End If i += 1 End While Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine("The first 40 odd Zumkeller numbers are:") i = 3 count = 0 While count < 40 If IsZumkeller(i) Then Console.Write("{0,5} ", i) count += 1 If count Mod 10 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine() End If End If i += 2 End While Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine("The first 40 odd Zumkeller numbers which don i = 3 count = 0 While count < 40 If i Mod 10 <> 5 AndAlso IsZumkeller(i) Then Console.Write("{0,7} ", i) count += 1 If count Mod 8 = 0 Then Console.WriteLine() End If End If i += 2 End While End Sub End Module
package main import "fmt" func getDivisors(n int) []int { divs := []int{1, n} for i := 2; i*i <= n; i++ { if n%i == 0 { j := n / i divs = append(divs, i) if i != j { divs = append(divs, j) } } } return divs } func sum(divs []int) int { sum := 0 for _, div := range divs { sum += div } return sum } func isPartSum(divs []int, sum int) bool { if sum == 0 { return true } le := len(divs) if le == 0 { return false } last := divs[le-1] divs = divs[0 : le-1] if last > sum { return isPartSum(divs, sum) } return isPartSum(divs, sum) || isPartSum(divs, sum-last) } func isZumkeller(n int) bool { divs := getDivisors(n) sum := sum(divs) if sum%2 == 1 { return false } if n%2 == 1 { abundance := sum - 2*n return abundance > 0 && abundance%2 == 0 } return isPartSum(divs, sum/2) } func main() { fmt.Println("The first 220 Zumkeller numbers are:") for i, count := 2, 0; count < 220; i++ { if isZumkeller(i) { fmt.Printf("%3d ", i) count++ if count%20 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Println("\nThe first 40 odd Zumkeller numbers are:") for i, count := 3, 0; count < 40; i += 2 { if isZumkeller(i) { fmt.Printf("%5d ", i) count++ if count%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Println("\nThe first 40 odd Zumkeller numbers which don't end in 5 are:") for i, count := 3, 0; count < 40; i += 2 { if (i % 10 != 5) && isZumkeller(i) { fmt.Printf("%7d ", i) count++ if count%8 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } fmt.Println() }
Transform the following VB implementation into Go, maintaining the same output and logic.
Private Type Associative Key As String Value As Variant End Type Sub Main_Array_Associative() Dim BaseArray(2) As Associative, UpdateArray(2) As Associative FillArrays BaseArray, UpdateArray ReDim Result(UBound(BaseArray)) As Associative MergeArray Result, BaseArray, UpdateArray PrintOut Result End Sub Private Sub MergeArray(Res() As Associative, Base() As Associative, Update() As Associative) Dim i As Long, Respons As Long Res = Base For i = LBound(Update) To UBound(Update) If Exist(Respons, Base, Update(i).Key) Then Res(Respons).Value = Update(i).Value Else ReDim Preserve Res(UBound(Res) + 1) Res(UBound(Res)).Key = Update(i).Key Res(UBound(Res)).Value = Update(i).Value End If Next End Sub Private Function Exist(R As Long, B() As Associative, K As String) As Boolean Dim i As Long Do If B(i).Key = K Then Exist = True R = i End If i = i + 1 Loop While i <= UBound(B) And Not Exist End Function Private Sub FillArrays(B() As Associative, U() As Associative) B(0).Key = "name" B(0).Value = "Rocket Skates" B(1).Key = "price" B(1).Value = 12.75 B(2).Key = "color" B(2).Value = "yellow" U(0).Key = "price" U(0).Value = 15.25 U(1).Key = "color" U(1).Value = "red" U(2).Key = "year" U(2).Value = 1974 End Sub Private Sub PrintOut(A() As Associative) Dim i As Long Debug.Print "Key", "Value" For i = LBound(A) To UBound(A) Debug.Print A(i).Key, A(i).Value Next i Debug.Print "-----------------------------" End Sub
package main import "fmt" type assoc map[string]interface{} func merge(base, update assoc) assoc { result := make(assoc) for k, v := range base { result[k] = v } for k, v := range update { result[k] = v } return result } func main() { base := assoc{"name": "Rocket Skates", "price": 12.75, "color": "yellow"} update := assoc{"price": 15.25, "color": "red", "year": 1974} result := merge(base, update) fmt.Println(result) }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the VB version.
Private Type Associative Key As String Value As Variant End Type Sub Main_Array_Associative() Dim BaseArray(2) As Associative, UpdateArray(2) As Associative FillArrays BaseArray, UpdateArray ReDim Result(UBound(BaseArray)) As Associative MergeArray Result, BaseArray, UpdateArray PrintOut Result End Sub Private Sub MergeArray(Res() As Associative, Base() As Associative, Update() As Associative) Dim i As Long, Respons As Long Res = Base For i = LBound(Update) To UBound(Update) If Exist(Respons, Base, Update(i).Key) Then Res(Respons).Value = Update(i).Value Else ReDim Preserve Res(UBound(Res) + 1) Res(UBound(Res)).Key = Update(i).Key Res(UBound(Res)).Value = Update(i).Value End If Next End Sub Private Function Exist(R As Long, B() As Associative, K As String) As Boolean Dim i As Long Do If B(i).Key = K Then Exist = True R = i End If i = i + 1 Loop While i <= UBound(B) And Not Exist End Function Private Sub FillArrays(B() As Associative, U() As Associative) B(0).Key = "name" B(0).Value = "Rocket Skates" B(1).Key = "price" B(1).Value = 12.75 B(2).Key = "color" B(2).Value = "yellow" U(0).Key = "price" U(0).Value = 15.25 U(1).Key = "color" U(1).Value = "red" U(2).Key = "year" U(2).Value = 1974 End Sub Private Sub PrintOut(A() As Associative) Dim i As Long Debug.Print "Key", "Value" For i = LBound(A) To UBound(A) Debug.Print A(i).Key, A(i).Value Next i Debug.Print "-----------------------------" End Sub
package main import "fmt" type assoc map[string]interface{} func merge(base, update assoc) assoc { result := make(assoc) for k, v := range base { result[k] = v } for k, v := range update { result[k] = v } return result } func main() { base := assoc{"name": "Rocket Skates", "price": 12.75, "color": "yellow"} update := assoc{"price": 15.25, "color": "red", "year": 1974} result := merge(base, update) fmt.Println(result) }
Convert the following code from VB to Go, ensuring the logic remains intact.
Imports BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Function IntSqRoot(v As BI, res As BI) As BI REM res is the initial guess Dim term As BI = 0 Dim d As BI = 0 Dim dl As BI = 1 While dl <> d term = v / res res = (res + term) >> 1 dl = d d = term - res End While Return term End Function Function DoOne(b As Integer, digs As Integer) As String REM calculates result via square root, not iterations Dim s = b * b + 4 digs += 1 Dim g As BI = Math.Sqrt(s * Math.Pow(10, digs)) Dim bs = IntSqRoot(s * BI.Parse("1" + New String("0", digs << 1)), g) bs += b * BI.Parse("1" + New String("0", digs)) bs >>= 1 bs += 4 Dim st = bs.ToString digs -= 1 Return String.Format("{0}.{1}", st(0), st.Substring(1, digs)) End Function Function DivIt(a As BI, b As BI, digs As Integer) As String REM performs division Dim al = a.ToString.Length Dim bl = b.ToString.Length digs += 1 a *= BI.Pow(10, digs << 1) b *= BI.Pow(10, digs) Dim s = (a / b + 5).ToString digs -= 1 Return s(0) + "." + s.Substring(1, digs) End Function REM custom formatting Function Joined(x() As BI) As String Dim wids() = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} Dim res = "" For i = 0 To x.Length - 1 res += String.Format("{0," + (-wids(i)).ToString + "} ", x(i)) Next Return res End Function Sub Main() REM calculates and checks each "metal" Console.WriteLine("Metal B Sq.Rt Iters /---- 32 decimal place value ----\\ Matches Sq.Rt Calc") Dim t = "" Dim n As BI Dim nm1 As BI Dim k As Integer Dim j As Integer For b = 0 To 9 Dim lst(14) As BI lst(0) = 1 lst(1) = 1 For i = 2 To 14 lst(i) = b * lst(i - 1) + lst(i - 2) Next REM since all the iterations (except Pt) are > 15, continue iterating from the end of the list of 15 n = lst(14) nm1 = lst(13) k = 0 j = 13 While k = 0 Dim lt = t t = DivIt(n, nm1, 32) If lt = t Then k = If(b = 0, 1, j) End If Dim onn = n n = b * n + nm1 nm1 = onn j += 1 End While Console.WriteLine("{0,4} {1} {2,2} {3, 2} {4} {5}" + vbNewLine + "{6,19} {7}", "Pt Au Ag CuSn Cu Ni Al Fe Sn Pb".Split(" ")(b), b, b * b + 4, k, t, t = DoOne(b, 32), "", Joined(lst)) Next REM now calculate and check big one n = 1 nm1 = 1 k = 0 j = 1 While k = 0 Dim lt = t t = DivIt(n, nm1, 256) If lt = t Then k = j End If Dim onn = n n += nm1 nm1 = onn j += 1 End While Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine("Au to 256 digits:") Console.WriteLine(t) Console.WriteLine("Iteration count: {0} Matched Sq.Rt Calc: {1}", k, t = DoOne(1, 256)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var names = [10]string{"Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead"} func lucas(b int64) { fmt.Printf("Lucas sequence for %s ratio, where b = %d:\n", names[b], b) fmt.Print("First 15 elements: ") var x0, x1 int64 = 1, 1 fmt.Printf("%d, %d", x0, x1) for i := 1; i <= 13; i++ { x2 := b*x1 + x0 fmt.Printf(", %d", x2) x0, x1 = x1, x2 } fmt.Println() } func metallic(b int64, dp int) { x0, x1, x2, bb := big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(b) ratio := big.NewRat(1, 1) iters := 0 prev := ratio.FloatString(dp) for { iters++ x2.Mul(bb, x1) x2.Add(x2, x0) this := ratio.SetFrac(x2, x1).FloatString(dp) if prev == this { plural := "s" if iters == 1 { plural = " " } fmt.Printf("Value to %d dp after %2d iteration%s: %s\n\n", dp, iters, plural, this) return } prev = this x0.Set(x1) x1.Set(x2) } } func main() { for b := int64(0); b < 10; b++ { lucas(b) metallic(b, 32) } fmt.Println("Golden ratio, where b = 1:") metallic(1, 256) }
Write a version of this VB function in Go with identical behavior.
Imports BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Function IntSqRoot(v As BI, res As BI) As BI REM res is the initial guess Dim term As BI = 0 Dim d As BI = 0 Dim dl As BI = 1 While dl <> d term = v / res res = (res + term) >> 1 dl = d d = term - res End While Return term End Function Function DoOne(b As Integer, digs As Integer) As String REM calculates result via square root, not iterations Dim s = b * b + 4 digs += 1 Dim g As BI = Math.Sqrt(s * Math.Pow(10, digs)) Dim bs = IntSqRoot(s * BI.Parse("1" + New String("0", digs << 1)), g) bs += b * BI.Parse("1" + New String("0", digs)) bs >>= 1 bs += 4 Dim st = bs.ToString digs -= 1 Return String.Format("{0}.{1}", st(0), st.Substring(1, digs)) End Function Function DivIt(a As BI, b As BI, digs As Integer) As String REM performs division Dim al = a.ToString.Length Dim bl = b.ToString.Length digs += 1 a *= BI.Pow(10, digs << 1) b *= BI.Pow(10, digs) Dim s = (a / b + 5).ToString digs -= 1 Return s(0) + "." + s.Substring(1, digs) End Function REM custom formatting Function Joined(x() As BI) As String Dim wids() = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} Dim res = "" For i = 0 To x.Length - 1 res += String.Format("{0," + (-wids(i)).ToString + "} ", x(i)) Next Return res End Function Sub Main() REM calculates and checks each "metal" Console.WriteLine("Metal B Sq.Rt Iters /---- 32 decimal place value ----\\ Matches Sq.Rt Calc") Dim t = "" Dim n As BI Dim nm1 As BI Dim k As Integer Dim j As Integer For b = 0 To 9 Dim lst(14) As BI lst(0) = 1 lst(1) = 1 For i = 2 To 14 lst(i) = b * lst(i - 1) + lst(i - 2) Next REM since all the iterations (except Pt) are > 15, continue iterating from the end of the list of 15 n = lst(14) nm1 = lst(13) k = 0 j = 13 While k = 0 Dim lt = t t = DivIt(n, nm1, 32) If lt = t Then k = If(b = 0, 1, j) End If Dim onn = n n = b * n + nm1 nm1 = onn j += 1 End While Console.WriteLine("{0,4} {1} {2,2} {3, 2} {4} {5}" + vbNewLine + "{6,19} {7}", "Pt Au Ag CuSn Cu Ni Al Fe Sn Pb".Split(" ")(b), b, b * b + 4, k, t, t = DoOne(b, 32), "", Joined(lst)) Next REM now calculate and check big one n = 1 nm1 = 1 k = 0 j = 1 While k = 0 Dim lt = t t = DivIt(n, nm1, 256) If lt = t Then k = j End If Dim onn = n n += nm1 nm1 = onn j += 1 End While Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine("Au to 256 digits:") Console.WriteLine(t) Console.WriteLine("Iteration count: {0} Matched Sq.Rt Calc: {1}", k, t = DoOne(1, 256)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var names = [10]string{"Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead"} func lucas(b int64) { fmt.Printf("Lucas sequence for %s ratio, where b = %d:\n", names[b], b) fmt.Print("First 15 elements: ") var x0, x1 int64 = 1, 1 fmt.Printf("%d, %d", x0, x1) for i := 1; i <= 13; i++ { x2 := b*x1 + x0 fmt.Printf(", %d", x2) x0, x1 = x1, x2 } fmt.Println() } func metallic(b int64, dp int) { x0, x1, x2, bb := big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(b) ratio := big.NewRat(1, 1) iters := 0 prev := ratio.FloatString(dp) for { iters++ x2.Mul(bb, x1) x2.Add(x2, x0) this := ratio.SetFrac(x2, x1).FloatString(dp) if prev == this { plural := "s" if iters == 1 { plural = " " } fmt.Printf("Value to %d dp after %2d iteration%s: %s\n\n", dp, iters, plural, this) return } prev = this x0.Set(x1) x1.Set(x2) } } func main() { for b := int64(0); b < 10; b++ { lucas(b) metallic(b, 32) } fmt.Println("Golden ratio, where b = 1:") metallic(1, 256) }
Write a version of this VB function in Go with identical behavior.
Imports BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Function IntSqRoot(v As BI, res As BI) As BI REM res is the initial guess Dim term As BI = 0 Dim d As BI = 0 Dim dl As BI = 1 While dl <> d term = v / res res = (res + term) >> 1 dl = d d = term - res End While Return term End Function Function DoOne(b As Integer, digs As Integer) As String REM calculates result via square root, not iterations Dim s = b * b + 4 digs += 1 Dim g As BI = Math.Sqrt(s * Math.Pow(10, digs)) Dim bs = IntSqRoot(s * BI.Parse("1" + New String("0", digs << 1)), g) bs += b * BI.Parse("1" + New String("0", digs)) bs >>= 1 bs += 4 Dim st = bs.ToString digs -= 1 Return String.Format("{0}.{1}", st(0), st.Substring(1, digs)) End Function Function DivIt(a As BI, b As BI, digs As Integer) As String REM performs division Dim al = a.ToString.Length Dim bl = b.ToString.Length digs += 1 a *= BI.Pow(10, digs << 1) b *= BI.Pow(10, digs) Dim s = (a / b + 5).ToString digs -= 1 Return s(0) + "." + s.Substring(1, digs) End Function REM custom formatting Function Joined(x() As BI) As String Dim wids() = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13} Dim res = "" For i = 0 To x.Length - 1 res += String.Format("{0," + (-wids(i)).ToString + "} ", x(i)) Next Return res End Function Sub Main() REM calculates and checks each "metal" Console.WriteLine("Metal B Sq.Rt Iters /---- 32 decimal place value ----\\ Matches Sq.Rt Calc") Dim t = "" Dim n As BI Dim nm1 As BI Dim k As Integer Dim j As Integer For b = 0 To 9 Dim lst(14) As BI lst(0) = 1 lst(1) = 1 For i = 2 To 14 lst(i) = b * lst(i - 1) + lst(i - 2) Next REM since all the iterations (except Pt) are > 15, continue iterating from the end of the list of 15 n = lst(14) nm1 = lst(13) k = 0 j = 13 While k = 0 Dim lt = t t = DivIt(n, nm1, 32) If lt = t Then k = If(b = 0, 1, j) End If Dim onn = n n = b * n + nm1 nm1 = onn j += 1 End While Console.WriteLine("{0,4} {1} {2,2} {3, 2} {4} {5}" + vbNewLine + "{6,19} {7}", "Pt Au Ag CuSn Cu Ni Al Fe Sn Pb".Split(" ")(b), b, b * b + 4, k, t, t = DoOne(b, 32), "", Joined(lst)) Next REM now calculate and check big one n = 1 nm1 = 1 k = 0 j = 1 While k = 0 Dim lt = t t = DivIt(n, nm1, 256) If lt = t Then k = j End If Dim onn = n n += nm1 nm1 = onn j += 1 End While Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine("Au to 256 digits:") Console.WriteLine(t) Console.WriteLine("Iteration count: {0} Matched Sq.Rt Calc: {1}", k, t = DoOne(1, 256)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var names = [10]string{"Platinum", "Golden", "Silver", "Bronze", "Copper", "Nickel", "Aluminium", "Iron", "Tin", "Lead"} func lucas(b int64) { fmt.Printf("Lucas sequence for %s ratio, where b = %d:\n", names[b], b) fmt.Print("First 15 elements: ") var x0, x1 int64 = 1, 1 fmt.Printf("%d, %d", x0, x1) for i := 1; i <= 13; i++ { x2 := b*x1 + x0 fmt.Printf(", %d", x2) x0, x1 = x1, x2 } fmt.Println() } func metallic(b int64, dp int) { x0, x1, x2, bb := big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(0), big.NewInt(b) ratio := big.NewRat(1, 1) iters := 0 prev := ratio.FloatString(dp) for { iters++ x2.Mul(bb, x1) x2.Add(x2, x0) this := ratio.SetFrac(x2, x1).FloatString(dp) if prev == this { plural := "s" if iters == 1 { plural = " " } fmt.Printf("Value to %d dp after %2d iteration%s: %s\n\n", dp, iters, plural, this) return } prev = this x0.Set(x1) x1.Set(x2) } } func main() { for b := int64(0); b < 10; b++ { lucas(b) metallic(b, 32) } fmt.Println("Golden ratio, where b = 1:") metallic(1, 256) }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from VB to Go, same semantics.
Class Branch Public from As Node Public towards As Node Public length As Integer Public distance As Integer Public key As String Class Node Public key As String Public correspondingBranch As Branch Const INFINITY = 32767 Private Sub Dijkstra(Nodes As Collection, Branches As Collection, P As Node, Optional Q As Node) Dim a As New Collection Dim b As New Collection Dim c As New Collection Dim I As New Collection Dim II As New Collection Dim III As New Collection Dim u As Node, R_ As Node, dist As Integer For Each n In Nodes c.Add n, n.key Next n For Each e In Branches III.Add e, e.key Next e a.Add P, P.key c.Remove P.key Set u = P Do For Each r In III If r.from Is u Then Set R_ = r.towards If Belongs(R_, c) Then c.Remove R_.key b.Add R_, R_.key Set R_.correspondingBranch = r If u.correspondingBranch Is Nothing Then R_.correspondingBranch.distance = r.length Else R_.correspondingBranch.distance = u.correspondingBranch.distance + r.length End If III.Remove r.key II.Add r, r.key Else If Belongs(R_, b) Then If R_.correspondingBranch.distance > u.correspondingBranch.distance + r.length Then II.Remove R_.correspondingBranch.key II.Add r, r.key Set R_.correspondingBranch = r R_.correspondingBranch.distance = u.correspondingBranch.distance + r.length End If End If End If End If Next r dist = INFINITY Set u = Nothing For Each n In b If dist > n.correspondingBranch.distance Then dist = n.correspondingBranch.distance Set u = n End If Next n b.Remove u.key a.Add u, u.key II.Remove u.correspondingBranch.key I.Add u.correspondingBranch, u.correspondingBranch.key Loop Until IIf(Q Is Nothing, a.Count = Nodes.Count, u Is Q) If Not Q Is Nothing Then GetPath Q End Sub Private Function Belongs(n As Node, col As Collection) As Boolean Dim obj As Node On Error GoTo err Belongs = True Set obj = col(n.key) Exit Function err: Belongs = False End Function Private Sub GetPath(Target As Node) Dim path As String If Target.correspondingBranch Is Nothing Then path = "no path" Else path = Target.key Set u = Target Do While Not u.correspondingBranch Is Nothing path = u.correspondingBranch.from.key & " " & path Set u = u.correspondingBranch.from Loop Debug.Print u.key, Target.key, Target.correspondingBranch.distance, path End If End Sub Public Sub test() Dim a As New Node, b As New Node, c As New Node, d As New Node, e As New Node, f As New Node Dim ab As New Branch, ac As New Branch, af As New Branch, bc As New Branch, bd As New Branch Dim cd As New Branch, cf As New Branch, de As New Branch, ef As New Branch Set ab.from = a: Set ab.towards = b: ab.length = 7: ab.key = "ab": ab.distance = INFINITY Set ac.from = a: Set ac.towards = c: ac.length = 9: ac.key = "ac": ac.distance = INFINITY Set af.from = a: Set af.towards = f: af.length = 14: af.key = "af": af.distance = INFINITY Set bc.from = b: Set bc.towards = c: bc.length = 10: bc.key = "bc": bc.distance = INFINITY Set bd.from = b: Set bd.towards = d: bd.length = 15: bd.key = "bd": bd.distance = INFINITY Set cd.from = c: Set cd.towards = d: cd.length = 11: cd.key = "cd": cd.distance = INFINITY Set cf.from = c: Set cf.towards = f: cf.length = 2: cf.key = "cf": cf.distance = INFINITY Set de.from = d: Set de.towards = e: de.length = 6: de.key = "de": de.distance = INFINITY Set ef.from = e: Set ef.towards = f: ef.length = 9: ef.key = "ef": ef.distance = INFINITY a.key = "a" b.key = "b" c.key = "c" d.key = "d" e.key = "e" f.key = "f" Dim testNodes As New Collection Dim testBranches As New Collection testNodes.Add a, "a" testNodes.Add b, "b" testNodes.Add c, "c" testNodes.Add d, "d" testNodes.Add e, "e" testNodes.Add f, "f" testBranches.Add ab, "ab" testBranches.Add ac, "ac" testBranches.Add af, "af" testBranches.Add bc, "bc" testBranches.Add bd, "bd" testBranches.Add cd, "cd" testBranches.Add cf, "cf" testBranches.Add de, "de" testBranches.Add ef, "ef" Debug.Print "From", "To", "Distance", "Path" Dijkstra testNodes, testBranches, a, e Dijkstra testNodes, testBranches, a GetPath f End Sub
package main import ( "container/heap" "fmt" ) type PriorityQueue struct { items []Vertex m map[Vertex]int pr map[Vertex]int } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq.items) } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Less(i, j int) bool { return pq.pr[pq.items[i]] < pq.pr[pq.items[j]] } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Swap(i, j int) { pq.items[i], pq.items[j] = pq.items[j], pq.items[i] pq.m[pq.items[i]] = i pq.m[pq.items[j]] = j } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Push(x interface{}) { n := len(pq.items) item := x.(Vertex) pq.m[item] = n pq.items = append(pq.items, item) } func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop() interface{} { old := pq.items n := len(old) item := old[n-1] pq.m[item] = -1 pq.items = old[0 : n-1] return item } func (pq *PriorityQueue) update(item Vertex, priority int) { pq.pr[item] = priority heap.Fix(pq, pq.m[item]) } func (pq *PriorityQueue) addWithPriority(item Vertex, priority int) { heap.Push(pq, item) pq.update(item, priority) } const ( Infinity = int(^uint(0) >> 1) Uninitialized = -1 ) func Dijkstra(g Graph, source Vertex) (dist map[Vertex]int, prev map[Vertex]Vertex) { vs := g.Vertices() dist = make(map[Vertex]int, len(vs)) prev = make(map[Vertex]Vertex, len(vs)) sid := source dist[sid] = 0 q := &PriorityQueue{ items: make([]Vertex, 0, len(vs)), m: make(map[Vertex]int, len(vs)), pr: make(map[Vertex]int, len(vs)), } for _, v := range vs { if v != sid { dist[v] = Infinity } prev[v] = Uninitialized q.addWithPriority(v, dist[v]) } for len(q.items) != 0 { u := heap.Pop(q).(Vertex) for _, v := range g.Neighbors(u) { alt := dist[u] + g.Weight(u, v) if alt < dist[v] { dist[v] = alt prev[v] = u q.update(v, alt) } } } return dist, prev } type Graph interface { Vertices() []Vertex Neighbors(v Vertex) []Vertex Weight(u, v Vertex) int } type Vertex int type sg struct { ids map[string]Vertex names map[Vertex]string edges map[Vertex]map[Vertex]int } func newsg(ids map[string]Vertex) sg { g := sg{ids: ids} g.names = make(map[Vertex]string, len(ids)) for k, v := range ids { g.names[v] = k } g.edges = make(map[Vertex]map[Vertex]int) return g } func (g sg) edge(u, v string, w int) { if _, ok := g.edges[g.ids[u]]; !ok { g.edges[g.ids[u]] = make(map[Vertex]int) } g.edges[g.ids[u]][g.ids[v]] = w } func (g sg) path(v Vertex, prev map[Vertex]Vertex) (s string) { s = g.names[v] for prev[v] >= 0 { v = prev[v] s = g.names[v] + s } return s } func (g sg) Vertices() []Vertex { vs := make([]Vertex, 0, len(g.ids)) for _, v := range g.ids { vs = append(vs, v) } return vs } func (g sg) Neighbors(u Vertex) []Vertex { vs := make([]Vertex, 0, len(g.edges[u])) for v := range g.edges[u] { vs = append(vs, v) } return vs } func (g sg) Weight(u, v Vertex) int { return g.edges[u][v] } func main() { g := newsg(map[string]Vertex{ "a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4, "e": 5, "f": 6, }) g.edge("a", "b", 7) g.edge("a", "c", 9) g.edge("a", "f", 14) g.edge("b", "c", 10) g.edge("b", "d", 15) g.edge("c", "d", 11) g.edge("c", "f", 2) g.edge("d", "e", 6) g.edge("e", "f", 9) dist, prev := Dijkstra(g, g.ids["a"]) fmt.Printf("Distance to %s: %d, Path: %s\n", "e", dist[g.ids["e"]], g.path(g.ids["e"], prev)) fmt.Printf("Distance to %s: %d, Path: %s\n", "f", dist[g.ids["f"]], g.path(g.ids["f"], prev)) }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Option Strict On Imports System.Text Module Module1 Structure Vector Private ReadOnly dims() As Double Public Sub New(da() As Double) dims = da End Sub Public Shared Operator -(v As Vector) As Vector Return v * -1.0 End Operator Public Shared Operator +(lhs As Vector, rhs As Vector) As Vector Dim result(31) As Double Array.Copy(lhs.dims, 0, result, 0, lhs.Length) For i = 1 To result.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) = lhs(i2) + rhs(i2) Next Return New Vector(result) End Operator Public Shared Operator *(lhs As Vector, rhs As Vector) As Vector Dim result(31) As Double For i = 1 To lhs.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 If lhs(i2) <> 0.0 Then For j = 1 To lhs.Length Dim j2 = j - 1 If rhs(j2) <> 0.0 Then Dim s = ReorderingSign(i2, j2) * lhs(i2) * rhs(j2) Dim k = i2 Xor j2 result(k) += s End If Next End If Next Return New Vector(result) End Operator Public Shared Operator *(v As Vector, scale As Double) As Vector Dim result = CType(v.dims.Clone, Double()) For i = 1 To result.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) *= scale Next Return New Vector(result) End Operator Default Public Property Index(key As Integer) As Double Get Return dims(key) End Get Set(value As Double) dims(key) = value End Set End Property Public ReadOnly Property Length As Integer Get Return dims.Length End Get End Property Public Function Dot(rhs As Vector) As Vector Return (Me * rhs + rhs * Me) * 0.5 End Function Private Shared Function BitCount(i As Integer) As Integer i -= ((i >> 1) And &H55555555) i = (i And &H33333333) + ((i >> 2) And &H33333333) i = (i + (i >> 4)) And &HF0F0F0F i += (i >> 8) i += (i >> 16) Return i And &H3F End Function Private Shared Function ReorderingSign(i As Integer, j As Integer) As Double Dim k = i >> 1 Dim sum = 0 While k <> 0 sum += BitCount(k And j) k >>= 1 End While Return If((sum And 1) = 0, 1.0, -1.0) End Function Public Overrides Function ToString() As String Dim it = dims.GetEnumerator Dim sb As New StringBuilder("[") If it.MoveNext() Then sb.Append(it.Current) End If While it.MoveNext sb.Append(", ") sb.Append(it.Current) End While sb.Append("]") Return sb.ToString End Function End Structure Function DoubleArray(size As Integer) As Double() Dim result(size - 1) As Double For i = 1 To size Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) = 0.0 Next Return result End Function Function E(n As Integer) As Vector If n > 4 Then Throw New ArgumentException("n must be less than 5") End If Dim result As New Vector(DoubleArray(32)) result(1 << n) = 1.0 Return result End Function ReadOnly r As New Random() Function RandomVector() As Vector Dim result As New Vector(DoubleArray(32)) For i = 1 To 5 Dim i2 = i - 1 Dim singleton() As Double = {r.NextDouble()} result += New Vector(singleton) * E(i2) Next Return result End Function Function RandomMultiVector() As Vector Dim result As New Vector(DoubleArray(32)) For i = 1 To result.Length Dim i2 = i - 1 result(i2) = r.NextDouble() Next Return result End Function Sub Main() For i = 1 To 5 Dim i2 = i - 1 For j = 1 To 5 Dim j2 = j - 1 If i2 < j2 Then If E(i2).Dot(E(j2))(0) <> 0.0 Then Console.Error.WriteLine("Unexpected non-null scalar product") Return End If ElseIf i2 = j2 Then If E(i2).Dot(E(j2))(0) = 0.0 Then Console.Error.WriteLine("Unexpected null scalar product") Return End If End If Next Next Dim a = RandomMultiVector() Dim b = RandomMultiVector() Dim c = RandomMultiVector() Dim x = RandomVector() Console.WriteLine((a * b) * c) Console.WriteLine(a * (b * c)) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(a * (b + c)) Console.WriteLine(a * b + a * c) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine((a + b) * c) Console.WriteLine(a * c + b * c) Console.WriteLine() Console.WriteLine(x * x) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) type vector []float64 func e(n uint) vector { if n > 4 { panic("n must be less than 5") } result := make(vector, 32) result[1<<n] = 1.0 return result } func cdot(a, b vector) vector { return mul(vector{0.5}, add(mul(a, b), mul(b, a))) } func neg(x vector) vector { return mul(vector{-1}, x) } func bitCount(i int) int { i = i - ((i >> 1) & 0x55555555) i = (i & 0x33333333) + ((i >> 2) & 0x33333333) i = (i + (i >> 4)) & 0x0F0F0F0F i = i + (i >> 8) i = i + (i >> 16) return i & 0x0000003F } func reorderingSign(i, j int) float64 { i >>= 1 sum := 0 for i != 0 { sum += bitCount(i & j) i >>= 1 } cond := (sum & 1) == 0 if cond { return 1.0 } return -1.0 } func add(a, b vector) vector { result := make(vector, 32) copy(result, a) for i, _ := range b { result[i] += b[i] } return result } func mul(a, b vector) vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i, _ := range a { if a[i] != 0 { for j, _ := range b { if b[j] != 0 { s := reorderingSign(i, j) * a[i] * b[j] k := i ^ j result[k] += s } } } } return result } func randomVector() vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i := uint(0); i < 5; i++ { result = add(result, mul(vector{rand.Float64()}, e(i))) } return result } func randomMultiVector() vector { result := make(vector, 32) for i := 0; i < 32; i++ { result[i] = rand.Float64() } return result } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) for i := uint(0); i < 5; i++ { for j := uint(0); j < 5; j++ { if i < j { if cdot(e(i), e(j))[0] != 0 { fmt.Println("Unexpected non-null scalar product.") return } } else if i == j { if cdot(e(i), e(j))[0] == 0 { fmt.Println("Unexpected null scalar product.") } } } } a := randomMultiVector() b := randomMultiVector() c := randomMultiVector() x := randomVector() fmt.Println(mul(mul(a, b), c)) fmt.Println(mul(a, mul(b, c))) fmt.Println(mul(a, add(b, c))) fmt.Println(add(mul(a, b), mul(a, c))) fmt.Println(mul(add(a, b), c)) fmt.Println(add(mul(a, c), mul(b, c))) fmt.Println(mul(x, x)) }
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original VB snippet.
Option Explicit Sub Test() Dim h As Object, i As Long, u, v, s Set h = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") h.Add "A", 1 h.Add "B", 2 h.Add "C", 3 For Each s In h.Keys Debug.Print s Next For Each s In h.Items Debug.Print s Next u = h.Keys v = h.Items For i = 0 To h.Count - 1 Debug.Print u(i), v(i) Next End Sub
myMap := map[string]int { "hello": 13, "world": 31, "!" : 71 } for key, value := range myMap { fmt.Printf("key = %s, value = %d\n", key, value) } for key := range myMap { fmt.Printf("key = %s\n", key) } for _, value := range myMap { fmt.Printf("value = %d\n", value) }
Convert this VB snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
Private mvarValue As Integer Public Property Let Value(ByVal vData As Integer) If (vData > 10) Or (vData < 1) Then Error 380 Else mvarValue = vData End If End Property Public Property Get Value() As Integer Value = mvarValue End Property Private Sub Class_Initialize() mvarValue = 1 End Sub
package main import "fmt" type TinyInt int func NewTinyInt(i int) TinyInt { if i < 1 { i = 1 } else if i > 10 { i = 10 } return TinyInt(i) } func (t1 TinyInt) Add(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) + int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Sub(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) - int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Mul(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) * int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Div(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) / int(t2)) } func (t1 TinyInt) Rem(t2 TinyInt) TinyInt { return NewTinyInt(int(t1) % int(t2)) } func (t TinyInt) Inc() TinyInt { return t.Add(TinyInt(1)) } func (t TinyInt) Dec() TinyInt { return t.Sub(TinyInt(1)) } func main() { t1 := NewTinyInt(6) t2 := NewTinyInt(3) fmt.Println("t1 =", t1) fmt.Println("t2 =", t2) fmt.Println("t1 + t2 =", t1.Add(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 - t2 =", t1.Sub(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 * t2 =", t1.Mul(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 / t2 =", t1.Div(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 % t2 =", t1.Rem(t2)) fmt.Println("t1 + 1 =", t1.Inc()) fmt.Println("t1 - 1 =", t1.Dec()) }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this VB code.
Dim t_age(4,1) t_age(0,0) = 27 : t_age(0,1) = "Jonah" t_age(1,0) = 18 : t_age(1,1) = "Alan" t_age(2,0) = 28 : t_age(2,1) = "Glory" t_age(3,0) = 18 : t_age(3,1) = "Popeye" t_age(4,0) = 28 : t_age(4,1) = "Alan" Dim t_nemesis(4,1) t_nemesis(0,0) = "Jonah" : t_nemesis(0,1) = "Whales" t_nemesis(1,0) = "Jonah" : t_nemesis(1,1) = "Spiders" t_nemesis(2,0) = "Alan" : t_nemesis(2,1) = "Ghosts" t_nemesis(3,0) = "Alan" : t_nemesis(3,1) = "Zombies" t_nemesis(4,0) = "Glory" : t_nemesis(4,1) = "Buffy" Call hash_join(t_age,1,t_nemesis,0) Sub hash_join(table_1,index_1,table_2,index_2) Set hash = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") For i = 0 To UBound(table_1) hash.Add i,Array(table_1(i,0),table_1(i,1)) Next For j = 0 To UBound(table_2) For Each key In hash.Keys If hash(key)(index_1) = table_2(j,index_2) Then WScript.StdOut.WriteLine hash(key)(0) & "," & hash(key)(1) &_ " = " & table_2(j,0) & "," & table_2(j,1) End If Next Next End Sub
package main import "fmt" func main() { tableA := []struct { value int key string }{ {27, "Jonah"}, {18, "Alan"}, {28, "Glory"}, {18, "Popeye"}, {28, "Alan"}, } tableB := []struct { key string value string }{ {"Jonah", "Whales"}, {"Jonah", "Spiders"}, {"Alan", "Ghosts"}, {"Alan", "Zombies"}, {"Glory", "Buffy"}, } h := map[string][]int{} for i, r := range tableA { h[r.key] = append(h[r.key], i) } for _, x := range tableB { for _, a := range h[x.key] { fmt.Println(tableA[a], x) } } }
Produce a functionally identical Go code for the snippet given in VB.
option explicit const pi180= 0.01745329251994329576923690768489 const pi=3.1415926535897932384626433832795 class turtle dim fso dim fn dim svg dim iang dim ori dim incr dim pdown dim clr dim x dim y public property let orient(n):ori = n*pi180 :end property public property let iangle(n):iang= n*pi180 :end property public sub pd() : pdown=true: end sub public sub pu() :pdown=FALSE :end sub public sub rt(i) ori=ori - i*iang: end sub public sub lt(i): ori=(ori + i*iang) end sub public sub bw(l) x= x+ cos(ori+pi)*l*incr y= y+ sin(ori+pi)*l*incr end sub public sub fw(l) dim x1,y1 x1=x + cos(ori)*l*incr y1=y + sin(ori)*l*incr if pdown then line x,y,x1,y1 x=x1:y=y1 end sub Private Sub Class_Initialize() setlocale "us" initsvg x=400:y=400:incr=100 ori=90*pi180 iang=90*pi180 clr=0 pdown=true end sub Private Sub Class_Terminate() disply end sub private sub line (x,y,x1,y1) svg.WriteLine "<line x1=""" & x & """ y1= """& y & """ x2=""" & x1& """ y2=""" & y1 & """/>" end sub private sub disply() dim shell svg.WriteLine "</svg></body></html>" svg.close Set shell = CreateObject("Shell.Application") shell.ShellExecute fn,1,False end sub private sub initsvg() dim scriptpath Set fso = CreateObject ("Scripting.Filesystemobject") ScriptPath= Left(WScript.ScriptFullName, InStrRev(WScript.ScriptFullName, "\")) fn=Scriptpath & "SIERP.HTML" Set svg = fso.CreateTextFile(fn,True) if SVG IS nothing then wscript.echo "Can svg.WriteLine "<!DOCTYPE html>" &vbcrlf & "<html>" &vbcrlf & "<head>" svg.writeline "<style>" & vbcrlf & "line {stroke:rgb(255,0,0);stroke-width:.5}" &vbcrlf &"</style>" svg.writeline "</head>"&vbcrlf & "<body>" svg.WriteLine "<svg xmlns=""http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"" width=""800"" height=""800"" viewBox=""0 0 800 800"">" end sub end class const raiz2=1.4142135623730950488016887242097 sub media_sierp (niv,sz) if niv=0 then x.fw sz: exit sub media_sierp niv-1,sz x.lt 1 x.fw sz*raiz2 x.lt 1 media_sierp niv-1,sz x.rt 2 x.fw sz x.rt 2 media_sierp niv-1,sz x.lt 1 x.fw sz*raiz2 x.lt 1 media_sierp niv-1,sz end sub sub sierp(niv,sz) media_sierp niv,sz x.rt 2 x.fw sz x.rt 2 media_sierp niv,sz x.rt 2 x.fw sz x.rt 2 end sub dim x set x=new turtle x.iangle=45 x.orient=0 x.incr=1 x.x=100:x.y=270 sierp 5,4 set x=nothing
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "github.com/trubitsyn/go-lindenmayer" "log" "math" ) const twoPi = 2 * math.Pi var ( width = 770.0 height = 770.0 dc = gg.NewContext(int(width), int(height)) ) var cx, cy, h, theta float64 func main() { dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 1) dc.Clear() cx, cy = 10, height/2+5 h = 6 sys := lindenmayer.Lsystem{ Variables: []rune{'X'}, Constants: []rune{'F', '+', '-'}, Axiom: "F+XF+F+XF", Rules: []lindenmayer.Rule{ {"X", "XF-F+F-XF+F+XF-F+F-X"}, }, Angle: math.Pi / 2, } result := lindenmayer.Iterate(&sys, 5) operations := map[rune]func(){ 'F': func() { newX, newY := cx+h*math.Sin(theta), cy-h*math.Cos(theta) dc.LineTo(newX, newY) cx, cy = newX, newY }, '+': func() { theta = math.Mod(theta+sys.Angle, twoPi) }, '-': func() { theta = math.Mod(theta-sys.Angle, twoPi) }, } if err := lindenmayer.Process(result, operations); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } operations['+']() operations['F']() dc.SetRGB255(255, 255, 0) dc.SetLineWidth(2) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("sierpinski_square_curve.png") }
Change the programming language of this snippet from VB to Go without modifying what it does.
with createobject("ADODB.Stream") .charset ="UTF-8" .open .loadfromfile("unixdict.txt") s=.readtext end with a=split (s,vblf) set d= createobject("Scripting.Dictionary") for each aa in a x=trim(aa) l=len(x) if l>5 then d.removeall for i=1 to 3 m=mid(x,i,1) if not d.exists(m) then d.add m,null next res=true for i=l-2 to l m=mid(x,i,1) if not d.exists(m) then res=false:exit for else d.remove(m) end if next if res then wscript.stdout.write left(x & space(15),15) if left(x,3)=right(x,3) then wscript.stdout.write "*" wscript.stdout.writeline end if end if next
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "unicode/utf8" ) func main() { wordList := "unixdict.txt" b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(wordList) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Error reading file") } bwords := bytes.Fields(b) count := 0 for _, bword := range bwords { s := string(bword) if utf8.RuneCountInString(s) > 5 && (s[0:3] == s[len(s)-3:]) { count++ fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", count, s) } } }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from VB to Go, same semantics.
Module Module1 Structure Node Private ReadOnly m_val As String Private ReadOnly m_parsed As List(Of String) Sub New(initial As String) m_val = initial m_parsed = New List(Of String) End Sub Sub New(s As String, p As List(Of String)) m_val = s m_parsed = p End Sub Public Function Value() As String Return m_val End Function Public Function Parsed() As List(Of String) Return m_parsed End Function End Structure Function WordBreak(s As String, dictionary As List(Of String)) As List(Of List(Of String)) Dim matches As New List(Of List(Of String)) Dim q As New Queue(Of Node) q.Enqueue(New Node(s)) While q.Count > 0 Dim node = q.Dequeue() REM check if fully parsed If node.Value.Length = 0 Then matches.Add(node.Parsed) Else For Each word In dictionary REM check for match If node.Value.StartsWith(word) Then Dim valNew = node.Value.Substring(word.Length, node.Value.Length - word.Length) Dim parsedNew As New List(Of String) parsedNew.AddRange(node.Parsed) parsedNew.Add(word) q.Enqueue(New Node(valNew, parsedNew)) End If Next End If End While Return matches End Function Sub Main() Dim dict As New List(Of String) From {"a", "aa", "b", "ab", "aab"} For Each testString In {"aab", "aa b"} Dim matches = WordBreak(testString, dict) Console.WriteLine("String = {0}, Dictionary = {1}. Solutions = {2}", testString, dict, matches.Count) For Each match In matches Console.WriteLine(" Word Break = [{0}]", String.Join(", ", match)) Next Console.WriteLine() Next dict = New List(Of String) From {"abc", "a", "ac", "b", "c", "cb", "d"} For Each testString In {"abcd", "abbc", "abcbcd", "acdbc", "abcdd"} Dim matches = WordBreak(testString, dict) Console.WriteLine("String = {0}, Dictionary = {1}. Solutions = {2}", testString, dict, matches.Count) For Each match In matches Console.WriteLine(" Word Break = [{0}]", String.Join(", ", match)) Next Console.WriteLine() Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) type dict map[string]bool func newDict(words ...string) dict { d := dict{} for _, w := range words { d[w] = true } return d } func (d dict) wordBreak(s string) (broken []string, ok bool) { if s == "" { return nil, true } type prefix struct { length int broken []string } bp := []prefix{{0, nil}} for end := 1; end <= len(s); end++ { for i := len(bp) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { w := s[bp[i].length:end] if d[w] { b := append(bp[i].broken, w) if end == len(s) { return b, true } bp = append(bp, prefix{end, b}) break } } } return nil, false } func main() { d := newDict("a", "bc", "abc", "cd", "b") for _, s := range []string{"abcd", "abbc", "abcbcd", "acdbc", "abcdd"} { if b, ok := d.wordBreak(s); ok { fmt.Printf("%s: %s\n", s, strings.Join(b, " ")) } else { fmt.Println("can't break") } } }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the VB version.
Option Strict On Imports Matrix = System.Collections.Generic.List(Of System.Collections.Generic.List(Of Integer)) Module Module1 Sub Swap(Of T)(ByRef a As T, ByRef b As T) Dim u = a a = b b = u End Sub Sub PrintSquare(latin As Matrix) For Each row In latin Dim it = row.GetEnumerator Console.Write("[") If it.MoveNext Then Console.Write(it.Current) End If While it.MoveNext Console.Write(", ") Console.Write(it.Current) End While Console.WriteLine("]") Next Console.WriteLine() End Sub Function DList(n As Integer, start As Integer) As Matrix start -= 1 REM use 0 based indexes Dim a = Enumerable.Range(0, n).ToArray a(start) = a(0) a(0) = start Array.Sort(a, 1, a.Length - 1) Dim first = a(1) REM recursive closure permutes a[1:] Dim r As New Matrix Dim Recurse As Action(Of Integer) = Sub(last As Integer) If last = first Then REM bottom of recursion. you get here once for each permutation REM test if permutation is deranged. For j = 1 To a.Length - 1 Dim v = a(j) If j = v Then Return REM no, ignore it End If Next REM yes, save a copy with 1 based indexing Dim b = a.Select(Function(v) v + 1).ToArray r.Add(b.ToList) Return End If For i = last To 1 Step -1 Swap(a(i), a(last)) Recurse(last - 1) Swap(a(i), a(last)) Next End Sub Recurse(n - 1) Return r End Function Function ReducedLatinSquares(n As Integer, echo As Boolean) As ULong If n <= 0 Then If echo Then Console.WriteLine("[]") Console.WriteLine() End If Return 0 End If If n = 1 Then If echo Then Console.WriteLine("[1]") Console.WriteLine() End If Return 1 End If Dim rlatin As New Matrix For i = 0 To n - 1 rlatin.Add(New List(Of Integer)) For j = 0 To n - 1 rlatin(i).Add(0) Next Next REM first row For j = 0 To n - 1 rlatin(0)(j) = j + 1 Next Dim count As ULong = 0 Dim Recurse As Action(Of Integer) = Sub(i As Integer) Dim rows = DList(n, i) For r = 0 To rows.Count - 1 rlatin(i - 1) = rows(r) For k = 0 To i - 2 For j = 1 To n - 1 If rlatin(k)(j) = rlatin(i - 1)(j) Then If r < rows.Count - 1 Then GoTo outer End If If i > 2 Then Return End If End If Next Next If i < n Then Recurse(i + 1) Else count += 1UL If echo Then PrintSquare(rlatin) End If End If outer: While False REM empty End While Next End Sub REM remiain rows Recurse(2) Return count End Function Function Factorial(n As ULong) As ULong If n <= 0 Then Return 1 End If Dim prod = 1UL For i = 2UL To n prod *= i Next Return prod End Function Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("The four reduced latin squares of order 4 are:") Console.WriteLine() ReducedLatinSquares(4, True) Console.WriteLine("The size of the set of reduced latin squares for the following orders") Console.WriteLine("and hence the total number of latin squares of these orders are:") Console.WriteLine() For n = 1 To 6 Dim nu As ULong = CULng(n) Dim size = ReducedLatinSquares(n, False) Dim f = Factorial(nu - 1UL) f *= f * nu * size Console.WriteLine("Order {0}: Size {1} x {2}! x {3}! => Total {4}", n, size, n, n - 1, f) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) type matrix [][]int func dList(n, start int) (r matrix) { start-- a := make([]int, n) for i := range a { a[i] = i } a[0], a[start] = start, a[0] sort.Ints(a[1:]) first := a[1] var recurse func(last int) recurse = func(last int) { if last == first { for j, v := range a[1:] { if j+1 == v { return } } b := make([]int, n) copy(b, a) for i := range b { b[i]++ } r = append(r, b) return } for i := last; i >= 1; i-- { a[i], a[last] = a[last], a[i] recurse(last - 1) a[i], a[last] = a[last], a[i] } } recurse(n - 1) return } func reducedLatinSquare(n int, echo bool) uint64 { if n <= 0 { if echo { fmt.Println("[]\n") } return 0 } else if n == 1 { if echo { fmt.Println("[1]\n") } return 1 } rlatin := make(matrix, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { rlatin[i] = make([]int, n) } for j := 0; j < n; j++ { rlatin[0][j] = j + 1 } count := uint64(0) var recurse func(i int) recurse = func(i int) { rows := dList(n, i) outer: for r := 0; r < len(rows); r++ { copy(rlatin[i-1], rows[r]) for k := 0; k < i-1; k++ { for j := 1; j < n; j++ { if rlatin[k][j] == rlatin[i-1][j] { if r < len(rows)-1 { continue outer } else if i > 2 { return } } } } if i < n { recurse(i + 1) } else { count++ if echo { printSquare(rlatin, n) } } } return } recurse(2) return count } func printSquare(latin matrix, n int) { for i := 0; i < n; i++ { fmt.Println(latin[i]) } fmt.Println() } func factorial(n uint64) uint64 { if n == 0 { return 1 } prod := uint64(1) for i := uint64(2); i <= n; i++ { prod *= i } return prod } func main() { fmt.Println("The four reduced latin squares of order 4 are:\n") reducedLatinSquare(4, true) fmt.Println("The size of the set of reduced latin squares for the following orders") fmt.Println("and hence the total number of latin squares of these orders are:\n") for n := uint64(1); n <= 6; n++ { size := reducedLatinSquare(int(n), false) f := factorial(n - 1) f *= f * n * size fmt.Printf("Order %d: Size %-4d x %d! x %d! => Total %d\n", n, size, n, n-1, f) } }
Ensure the translated Go code behaves exactly like the original VB snippet.
Option Explicit Const m_limit ="# #" Const m_middle=" # # " Dim a,bnum,i,check,odic a=array(" # # # ## # ## # ## ### ## ### ## #### # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # ## ## ### # # # ",_ " # # # ## ## # #### # # ## # ## # ## # # # ### # ### ## ## ### # # ### ### # # # ",_ " # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # ## # ## # # #### ### ## # # ",_ " # # ## ## ## ## # # # # ### # ## ## # # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # #### ## # # # ",_ " # # ### ## # ## ## ### ## # ## # # ## # # ### # ## ## # # ### # ## ## # # # ",_ " # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # ## # #### #### # # ## # #### # # ",_ " # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # # # # # # # ### # # ### # # # # # ",_ " # # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### ## ## ### ## ### ### ## # ## ### ## # # ",_ " # # ### ## ## # # #### # ## # #### # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # # # ### # # # ",_ " # # # #### ## # #### # # ## ## ### #### # # # # ### # ### ### # # ### # # # ### # # ") bnum=Array("0001101","0011001","0010011","0111101","0100011"," 0110001","0101111","0111011","0110111","0001011") Set oDic = WScript.CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") For i=0 To 9: odic.Add bin2dec(bnum(i),Asc("1")),i+1 odic.Add bin2dec(bnum(i),Asc("0")),-i-1 Next For i=0 To UBound(a) : print pad(i+1,-2) & ": "& upc(a(i)) :Next WScript.Quit(1) Function bin2dec(ByVal B,a) Dim n While len(b) n =n *2 - (asc(b)=a) b=mid(b,2) Wend bin2dec= n And 127 End Function Sub print(s): On Error Resume Next WScript.stdout.WriteLine (s) If err= &h80070006& Then WScript.Echo " Please run this script with CScript": WScript.quit End Sub function pad(s,n) if n<0 then pad= right(space(-n) & s ,-n) else pad= left(s& space(n),n) end if :end function Function iif(t,a,b) If t Then iif=a Else iif=b End If :End Function Function getnum(s,r) Dim n,s1,r1 s1=Left(s,7) s=Mid(s,8) r1=r Do If r Then s1=StrReverse(s1) n=bin2dec(s1,asc("#")) If odic.exists(n) Then getnum=odic(n) Exit Function Else If r1<>r Then getnum=0:Exit Function r=Not r End If Loop End Function Function getmarker(s,m) getmarker= (InStr(s,m)= 1) s=Mid(s,Len(m)+1) End Function Function checksum(ByVal s) Dim n,i : n=0 do n=n+(Asc(s)-48)*3 s=Mid(s,2) n=n+(Asc(s)-48)*1 s=Mid(s,2) Loop until Len(s)=0 checksum= ((n mod 10)=0) End function Function upc(ByVal s1) Dim i,n,s,out,rev,j s=Trim(s1) If getmarker(s,m_limit)=False Then upc= "bad start marker ":Exit function rev=False out="" For j= 0 To 1 For i=0 To 5 n=getnum(s,rev) If n=0 Then upc= pad(out,16) & pad ("bad code",-10) & pad("pos "& i+j*6+1,-11): Exit Function out=out & Abs(n)-1 Next If j=0 Then If getmarker(s,m_middle)=False Then upc= "bad middle marker " & out :Exit Function Next If getmarker(s,m_limit)=False Then upc= "bad end marker " :Exit function If rev Then out=strreverse(out) upc= pad(out,16) & pad(iif (checksum(out),"valid","not valid"),-10)& pad(iif(rev,"reversed",""),-11) End Function
package main import ( "fmt" "regexp" ) var bits = []string{ "0 0 0 1 1 0 1 ", "0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ", "0 0 1 0 0 1 1 ", "0 1 1 1 1 0 1 ", "0 1 0 0 0 1 1 ", "0 1 1 0 0 0 1 ", "0 1 0 1 1 1 1 ", "0 1 1 1 0 1 1 ", "0 1 1 0 1 1 1 ", "0 0 0 1 0 1 1 ", } var ( lhs = make(map[string]int) rhs = make(map[string]int) ) var weights = []int{3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1} const ( s = "# #" m = " # # " e = "# #" d = "(?:#| ){7}" ) func init() { for i := 0; i <= 9; i++ { lt := make([]byte, 7) rt := make([]byte, 7) for j := 0; j < 14; j += 2 { if bits[i][j] == '1' { lt[j/2] = '#' rt[j/2] = ' ' } else { lt[j/2] = ' ' rt[j/2] = '#' } } lhs[string(lt)] = i rhs[string(rt)] = i } } func reverse(s string) string { b := []byte(s) for i, j := 0, len(b)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 { b[i], b[j] = b[j], b[i] } return string(b) } func main() { barcodes := []string{ " # # # ## # ## # ## ### ## ### ## #### # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # ## ## ### # # # ", " # # # ## ## # #### # # ## # ## # ## # # # ### # ### ## ## ### # # ### ### # # # ", " # # # # # ### # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # ## # ## # # #### ### ## # # ", " # # ## ## ## ## # # # # ### # ## ## # # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # #### ## # # # ", " # # ### ## # ## ## ### ## # ## # # ## # # ### # ## ## # # ### # ## ## # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # # # ## ## # # # # # #### # ## # #### #### # # ## # #### # # ", " # # # ## ## # # ## ## # ### ## ## # # # # # # # # ### # # ### # # # # # ", " # # # # ## ## # # ## ## ### # # # # # ### ## ## ### ## ### ### ## # ## ### ## # # ", " # # ### ## ## # # #### # ## # #### # #### # # # # # ### # # ### # # # ### # # # ", " # # # #### ## # #### # # ## ## ### #### # # # # ### # ### ### # # ### # # # ### # # ", } expr := fmt.Sprintf(`^\s*%s(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)%s(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)(%s)%s\s*$`, s, d, d, d, d, d, d, m, d, d, d, d, d, d, e) rx := regexp.MustCompile(expr) fmt.Println("UPC-A barcodes:") for i, bc := range barcodes { for j := 0; j <= 1; j++ { if !rx.MatchString(bc) { fmt.Printf("%2d: Invalid format\n", i+1) break } codes := rx.FindStringSubmatch(bc) digits := make([]int, 12) var invalid, ok bool for i := 1; i <= 6; i++ { digits[i-1], ok = lhs[codes[i]] if !ok { invalid = true } digits[i+5], ok = rhs[codes[i+6]] if !ok { invalid = true } } if invalid { if j == 0 { bc = reverse(bc) continue } else { fmt.Printf("%2d: Invalid digit(s)\n", i+1) break } } sum := 0 for i, d := range digits { sum += weights[i] * d } if sum%10 != 0 { fmt.Printf("%2d: Checksum error\n", i+1) break } else { ud := "" if j == 1 { ud = "(upside down)" } fmt.Printf("%2d: %v %s\n", i+1, digits, ud) break } } } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of VB, keeping it the same logically?
Option Explicit Private Type MyPoint X As Single Y As Single End Type Private Type MyPair p1 As MyPoint p2 As MyPoint End Type Sub Main() Dim points() As MyPoint, i As Long, BF As MyPair, d As Single, Nb As Long Dim T# Randomize Timer Nb = 10 Do ReDim points(1 To Nb) For i = 1 To Nb points(i).X = Rnd * Nb points(i).Y = Rnd * Nb Next d = 1000000000000# T = Timer BF = BruteForce(points, d) Debug.Print "For " & Nb & " points, runtime : " & Timer - T & " sec." Debug.Print "point 1 : X:" & BF.p1.X & " Y:" & BF.p1.Y Debug.Print "point 2 : X:" & BF.p2.X & " Y:" & BF.p2.Y Debug.Print "dist : " & d Debug.Print "--------------------------------------------------" Nb = Nb * 10 Loop While Nb <= 10000 End Sub Private Function BruteForce(p() As MyPoint, mindist As Single) As MyPair Dim i As Long, j As Long, d As Single, ClosestPair As MyPair For i = 1 To UBound(p) - 1 For j = i + 1 To UBound(p) d = Dist(p(i), p(j)) If d < mindist Then mindist = d ClosestPair.p1 = p(i) ClosestPair.p2 = p(j) End If Next Next BruteForce = ClosestPair End Function Private Function Dist(p1 As MyPoint, p2 As MyPoint) As Single Dist = Sqr((p1.X - p2.X) ^ 2 + (p1.Y - p2.Y) ^ 2) End Function
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "time" ) type xy struct { x, y float64 } const n = 1000 const scale = 100. func d(p1, p2 xy) float64 { return math.Hypot(p2.x-p1.x, p2.y-p1.y) } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().Unix()) points := make([]xy, n) for i := range points { points[i] = xy{rand.Float64() * scale, rand.Float64() * scale} } p1, p2 := closestPair(points) fmt.Println(p1, p2) fmt.Println("distance:", d(p1, p2)) } func closestPair(points []xy) (p1, p2 xy) { if len(points) < 2 { panic("at least two points expected") } min := 2 * scale for i, q1 := range points[:len(points)-1] { for _, q2 := range points[i+1:] { if dq := d(q1, q2); dq < min { p1, p2 = q1, q2 min = dq } } } return }
Convert this VB snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
Dim TheAddress as long Dim SecVar as byte Dim MyVar as byte MyVar = 10 TheAddress = varptr(MyVar) MEMSET(TheAddress, 102, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "MyVar = " + str$(MyVar) MEMCPY(VarPtr(SecVar), TheAddress, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "SecVar = " + str$(SecVar)
package main import ( "fmt" "unsafe" ) func main() { myVar := 3.14 myPointer := &myVar fmt.Println("Address:", myPointer, &myVar) fmt.Printf("Address: %p %p\n", myPointer, &myVar) var addr64 int64 var addr32 int32 ptr := unsafe.Pointer(myPointer) if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr64) { addr64 = int64(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int64: %#016x\n", addr64) } if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr32) { addr32 = int32(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int32: %#08x\n", addr32) } addr := uintptr(ptr) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in uintptr: %#08x\n", addr) fmt.Println("value as float:", myVar) i := (*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(&myVar)) fmt.Printf("value as int32: %#08x\n", *i) }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of VB, keeping it the same logically?
Dim TheAddress as long Dim SecVar as byte Dim MyVar as byte MyVar = 10 TheAddress = varptr(MyVar) MEMSET(TheAddress, 102, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "MyVar = " + str$(MyVar) MEMCPY(VarPtr(SecVar), TheAddress, SizeOf(byte)) showmessage "SecVar = " + str$(SecVar)
package main import ( "fmt" "unsafe" ) func main() { myVar := 3.14 myPointer := &myVar fmt.Println("Address:", myPointer, &myVar) fmt.Printf("Address: %p %p\n", myPointer, &myVar) var addr64 int64 var addr32 int32 ptr := unsafe.Pointer(myPointer) if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr64) { addr64 = int64(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int64: %#016x\n", addr64) } if unsafe.Sizeof(ptr) <= unsafe.Sizeof(addr32) { addr32 = int32(uintptr(ptr)) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in int32: %#08x\n", addr32) } addr := uintptr(ptr) fmt.Printf("Pointer stored in uintptr: %#08x\n", addr) fmt.Println("value as float:", myVar) i := (*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(&myVar)) fmt.Printf("value as int32: %#08x\n", *i) }
Change the programming language of this snippet from VB to Go without modifying what it does.
Class Animal End Class Class Dog Inherits Animal End Class Class Lab Inherits Dog End Class Class Collie Inherits Dog End Class Class Cat Inherits Animal End Class
package main type animal struct { alive bool } type dog struct { animal obedienceTrained bool } type cat struct { animal litterBoxTrained bool } type lab struct { dog color string } type collie struct { dog catchesFrisbee bool } func main() { var pet lab pet.alive = true pet.obedienceTrained = false pet.color = "yellow" }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original VB code.
Option Explicit Sub Test() Dim h As Object Set h = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") h.Add "A", 1 h.Add "B", 2 h.Add "C", 3 Debug.Print h.Item("A") h.Item("C") = 4 h.Key("C") = "D" Debug.Print h.exists("C") h.Remove "B" Debug.Print h.Count h.RemoveAll Debug.Print h.Count End Sub
var x map[string]int x = make(map[string]int) x = make(map[string]int, 42) x["foo"] = 3 y1 := x["bar"] y2, ok := x["bar"] delete(x, "foo") x = map[string]int{ "foo": 2, "bar": 42, "baz": -1, }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original VB code.
Option explicit Class ImgClass Private ImgL,ImgH,ImgDepth,bkclr,loc,tt private xmini,xmaxi,ymini,ymaxi,dirx,diry public ImgArray() private filename private Palette,szpal public property get xmin():xmin=xmini:end property public property get ymin():ymin=ymini:end property public property get xmax():xmax=xmaxi:end property public property get ymax():ymax=ymaxi:end property public property let depth(x) if x<>8 and x<>32 then err.raise 9 Imgdepth=x end property public sub set0 (x0,y0) if x0<0 or x0>=imgl or y0<0 or y0>imgh then err.raise 9 xmini=-x0 ymini=-y0 xmaxi=xmini+imgl-1 ymaxi=ymini+imgh-1 end sub Public Default Function Init(name,w,h,orient,dep,bkg,mipal) dim i,j ImgL=w ImgH=h tt=timer loc=getlocale set0 0,0 redim imgArray(ImgL-1,ImgH-1) bkclr=bkg if bkg<>0 then for i=0 to ImgL-1 for j=0 to ImgH-1 imgarray(i,j)=bkg next next end if Select Case orient Case 1: dirx=1 : diry=1 Case 2: dirx=-1 : diry=1 Case 3: dirx=-1 : diry=-1 Case 4: dirx=1 : diry=-1 End select filename=name ImgDepth =dep if imgdepth=8 then loadpal(mipal) end if set init=me end function private sub loadpal(mipale) if isarray(mipale) Then palette=mipale szpal=UBound(mipale)+1 Else szpal=256 , not relevant End if End Sub Private Sub Class_Terminate if err<>0 then wscript.echo "Error " & err.number wscript.echo "copying image to bmp file" savebmp wscript.echo "opening " & filename & " with your default bmp viewer" CreateObject("Shell.Application").ShellExecute filename wscript.echo timer-tt & " iseconds" End Sub function long2wstr( x) dim k1,k2,x1 k1= (x and &hffff&) k2=((X And &h7fffffff&) \ &h10000&) Or (&H8000& And (x<0)) long2wstr=chrw(k1) & chrw(k2) end function function int2wstr(x) int2wstr=ChrW((x and &h7fff) or (&H8000 And (X<0))) End Function Public Sub SaveBMP Dim s,ostream, x,y,loc const hdrs=54 dim bms:bms=ImgH* 4*(((ImgL*imgdepth\8)+3)\4) dim palsize:if (imgdepth=8) then palsize=szpal*4 else palsize=0 with CreateObject("ADODB.Stream") .Charset = "UTF-16LE" .Type = 2 .open .writetext ChrW(&h4d42) .writetext long2wstr(hdrs+palsize+bms) .writetext long2wstr(0) .writetext long2wstr (hdrs+palsize) .writetext long2wstr(40) .writetext long2wstr(Imgl) .writetext long2wstr(imgh) .writetext int2wstr(1) .writetext int2wstr(imgdepth) .writetext long2wstr(&H0) .writetext long2wstr(bms) .writetext long2wstr(&Hc4e) .writetext long2wstr(&hc43) .writetext long2wstr(szpal) .writetext long2wstr(&H0) Dim x1,x2,y1,y2 If dirx=-1 Then x1=ImgL-1 :x2=0 Else x1=0:x2=ImgL-1 If diry=-1 Then y1=ImgH-1 :y2=0 Else y1=0:y2=ImgH-1 Select Case imgdepth Case 32 For y=y1 To y2 step diry For x=x1 To x2 Step dirx .writetext long2wstr(Imgarray(x,y)) Next Next Case 8 For x=0 to szpal-1 .writetext long2wstr(palette(x)) Next dim pad:pad=ImgL mod 4 For y=y1 to y2 step diry For x=x1 To x2 step dirx*2 .writetext chrw((ImgArray(x,y) and 255)+ &h100& *(ImgArray(x+dirx,y) and 255)) Next if pad and 1 then .writetext chrw(ImgArray(x2,y)) if pad >1 then .writetext chrw(0) Next Case Else WScript.Echo "ColorDepth not supported : " & ImgDepth & " bits" End Select Dim outf:Set outf= CreateObject("ADODB.Stream") outf.Type = 1 outf.Open .position=2 .CopyTo outf .close outf.savetofile filename,2 outf.close end with End Sub end class function hsv2rgb( Hue, Sat, Value) dim Angle, Radius,Ur,Vr,Wr,Rdim dim r,g,b, rgb Angle = (Hue-150) *0.01745329251994329576923690768489 Ur = Value * 2.55 Radius = Ur * tan(Sat *0.01183199) Vr = Radius * cos(Angle) *0.70710678 Wr = Radius * sin(Angle) *0.40824829 r = (Ur - Vr - Wr) g = (Ur + Vr - Wr) b = (Ur + Wr + Wr) if r >255 then Rdim = (Ur - 255) / (Vr + Wr) r = 255 g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim elseif r < 0 then Rdim = Ur / (Vr + Wr) r = 0 g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim end if if g >255 then Rdim = (255 - Ur) / (Vr - Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = 255 b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim elseif g<0 then Rdim = -Ur / (Vr - Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = 0 b = Ur + 2 * Wr * Rdim end if if b>255 then Rdim = (255 - Ur) / (Wr + Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = 255 elseif b<0 then Rdim = -Ur / (Wr + Wr) r = Ur - (Vr + Wr) * Rdim g = Ur + (Vr - Wr) * Rdim b = 0 end If hsv2rgb= ((b and &hff)+256*((g and &hff)+256*(r and &hff))and &hffffff) end function function ang(col,row) if col =0 then if row<0 then ang=90 else ang=270 end if else if col>0 then ang=atn(-row/col)*57.2957795130 else ang=(atn(row/-col)*57.2957795130)+180 end if end if ang=(ang+360) mod 360 end function Dim X,row,col,fn,tt,hr,sat,row2 const h=160 const w=160 const rad=159 const r2=25500 tt=timer fn=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").GetSpecialFolder(2)& "\testwchr.bmp" Set X = (New ImgClass)(fn,w*2,h*2,1,32,0,0) x.set0 w,h for row=x.xmin+1 to x.xmax row2=row*row hr=int(Sqr(r2-row2)) For col=hr To 159 Dim a:a=((col\16 +row\16) And 1)* &hffffff x.imgArray(col+160,row+160)=a x.imgArray(-col+160,row+160)=a next for col=-hr to hr sat=100-sqr(row2+col*col)/rad *50 x.imgArray(col+160,row+160)=hsv2rgb(ang(row,col)+90,100,sat) next next Set X = Nothing
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) const tau = 2 * math.Pi func hsb2rgb(hue, sat, bri float64) (r, g, b int) { u := int(bri*255 + 0.5) if sat == 0 { r, g, b = u, u, u } else { h := (hue - math.Floor(hue)) * 6 f := h - math.Floor(h) p := int(bri*(1-sat)*255 + 0.5) q := int(bri*(1-sat*f)*255 + 0.5) t := int(bri*(1-sat*(1-f))*255 + 0.5) switch int(h) { case 0: r, g, b = u, t, p case 1: r, g, b = q, u, p case 2: r, g, b = p, u, t case 3: r, g, b = p, q, u case 4: r, g, b = t, p, u case 5: r, g, b = u, p, q } } return } func colorWheel(dc *gg.Context) { width, height := dc.Width(), dc.Height() centerX, centerY := width/2, height/2 radius := centerX if centerY < radius { radius = centerY } for y := 0; y < height; y++ { dy := float64(y - centerY) for x := 0; x < width; x++ { dx := float64(x - centerX) dist := math.Sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy) if dist <= float64(radius) { theta := math.Atan2(dy, dx) hue := (theta + math.Pi) / tau r, g, b := hsb2rgb(hue, 1, 1) dc.SetRGB255(r, g, b) dc.SetPixel(x, y) } } } } func main() { const width, height = 480, 480 dc := gg.NewContext(width, height) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() colorWheel(dc) dc.SavePNG("color_wheel.png") }
Generate a Go translation of this VB snippet without changing its computational steps.
with createobject("ADODB.Stream") .charset ="UTF-8" .open .loadfromfile("unixdict.txt") s=.readtext end with a=split (s,vblf) dim b(25) dim c(128) with new regexp .pattern="([^aeiou])" .global=true for each i in a if len(trim(i))>10 then set matches= .execute(i) rep=false for each m in matches x=asc(m) c(x)=c(x)+1 if c(x)>1 then rep=true :exit for next erase c if not rep then x1=matches.count b(x1)=b(x1)&" "&i end if end if next end with for i=25 to 0 step -1 if b(i)<>"" then wscript.echo i & " "& b(i) & vbcrlf next
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "unicode/utf8" ) func contains(list []int, value int) bool { for _, v := range list { if v == value { return true } } return false } func main() { wordList := "unixdict.txt" b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(wordList) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Error reading file") } bwords := bytes.Fields(b) var words []string for _, bword := range bwords { s := string(bword) if utf8.RuneCountInString(s) > 10 { words = append(words, s) } } vowelIndices := []int{0, 4, 8, 14, 20} wordGroups := make([][]string, 12) for _, word := range words { letters := make([]int, 26) for _, c := range word { index := c - 97 if index >= 0 && index < 26 { letters[index]++ } } eligible := true uc := 0 for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { if !contains(vowelIndices, i) { if letters[i] > 1 { eligible = false break } else if letters[i] == 1 { uc++ } } } if eligible { wordGroups[uc] = append(wordGroups[uc], word) } } for i := 11; i >= 0; i-- { count := len(wordGroups[i]) if count > 0 { s := "s" if count == 1 { s = "" } fmt.Printf("%d word%s found with %d unique consonants:\n", count, s, i) for j := 0; j < count; j++ { fmt.Printf("%-15s", wordGroups[i][j]) if j > 0 && (j+1)%5 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Println() if count%5 != 0 { fmt.Println() } } } }
Convert this VB block to Go, preserving its control flow and logic.
Option Explicit Public vTime As Single Public PlaysCount As Long Sub Main_MineSweeper() Dim Userf As New cMinesweeper Userf.Show 0, True End Sub
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "os" "strconv" "strings" "time" ) type cell struct { isMine bool display byte } const lMargin = 4 var ( grid [][]cell mineCount int minesMarked int isGameOver bool ) var scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) func makeGrid(n, m int) { if n <= 0 || m <= 0 { panic("Grid dimensions must be positive.") } grid = make([][]cell, n) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { grid[i] = make([]cell, m) for j := 0; j < m; j++ { grid[i][j].display = '.' } } min := int(math.Round(float64(n*m) * 0.1)) max := int(math.Round(float64(n*m) * 0.2)) mineCount = min + rand.Intn(max-min+1) rm := mineCount for rm > 0 { x, y := rand.Intn(n), rand.Intn(m) if !grid[x][y].isMine { rm-- grid[x][y].isMine = true } } minesMarked = 0 isGameOver = false } func displayGrid(isEndOfGame bool) { if !isEndOfGame { fmt.Println("Grid has", mineCount, "mine(s),", minesMarked, "mine(s) marked.") } margin := strings.Repeat(" ", lMargin) fmt.Print(margin, " ") for i := 1; i <= len(grid); i++ { fmt.Print(i) } fmt.Println() fmt.Println(margin, strings.Repeat("-", len(grid))) for y := 0; y < len(grid[0]); y++ { fmt.Printf("%*d:", lMargin, y+1) for x := 0; x < len(grid); x++ { fmt.Printf("%c", grid[x][y].display) } fmt.Println() } } func endGame(msg string) { isGameOver = true fmt.Println(msg) ans := "" for ans != "y" && ans != "n" { fmt.Print("Another game (y/n)? : ") scanner.Scan() ans = strings.ToLower(scanner.Text()) } if scanner.Err() != nil || ans == "n" { return } makeGrid(6, 4) displayGrid(false) } func resign() { found := 0 for y := 0; y < len(grid[0]); y++ { for x := 0; x < len(grid); x++ { if grid[x][y].isMine { if grid[x][y].display == '?' { grid[x][y].display = 'Y' found++ } else if grid[x][y].display != 'x' { grid[x][y].display = 'N' } } } } displayGrid(true) msg := fmt.Sprint("You found ", found, " out of ", mineCount, " mine(s).") endGame(msg) } func usage() { fmt.Println("h or ? - this help,") fmt.Println("c x y - clear cell (x,y),") fmt.Println("m x y - marks (toggles) cell (x,y),") fmt.Println("n - start a new game,") fmt.Println("q - quit/resign the game,") fmt.Println("where x is the (horizontal) column number and y is the (vertical) row number.\n") } func markCell(x, y int) { if grid[x][y].display == '?' { minesMarked-- grid[x][y].display = '.' } else if grid[x][y].display == '.' { minesMarked++ grid[x][y].display = '?' } } func countAdjMines(x, y int) int { count := 0 for j := y - 1; j <= y+1; j++ { if j >= 0 && j < len(grid[0]) { for i := x - 1; i <= x+1; i++ { if i >= 0 && i < len(grid) { if grid[i][j].isMine { count++ } } } } } return count } func clearCell(x, y int) bool { if x >= 0 && x < len(grid) && y >= 0 && y < len(grid[0]) { if grid[x][y].display == '.' { if !grid[x][y].isMine { count := countAdjMines(x, y) if count > 0 { grid[x][y].display = string(48 + count)[0] } else { grid[x][y].display = ' ' clearCell(x+1, y) clearCell(x+1, y+1) clearCell(x, y+1) clearCell(x-1, y+1) clearCell(x-1, y) clearCell(x-1, y-1) clearCell(x, y-1) clearCell(x+1, y-1) } } else { grid[x][y].display = 'x' fmt.Println("Kaboom! You lost!") return false } } } return true } func testForWin() bool { isCleared := false if minesMarked == mineCount { isCleared = true for x := 0; x < len(grid); x++ { for y := 0; y < len(grid[0]); y++ { if grid[x][y].display == '.' { isCleared = false } } } } if isCleared { fmt.Println("You won!") } return isCleared } func splitAction(action string) (int, int, bool) { fields := strings.Fields(action) if len(fields) != 3 { return 0, 0, false } x, err := strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) if err != nil || x < 1 || x > len(grid) { return 0, 0, false } y, err := strconv.Atoi(fields[2]) if err != nil || y < 1 || y > len(grid[0]) { return 0, 0, false } return x, y, true } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) usage() makeGrid(6, 4) displayGrid(false) for !isGameOver { fmt.Print("\n>") scanner.Scan() action := strings.ToLower(scanner.Text()) if scanner.Err() != nil || len(action) == 0 { continue } switch action[0] { case 'h', '?': usage() case 'n': makeGrid(6, 4) displayGrid(false) case 'c': x, y, ok := splitAction(action) if !ok { continue } if clearCell(x-1, y-1) { displayGrid(false) if testForWin() { resign() } } else { resign() } case 'm': x, y, ok := splitAction(action) if !ok { continue } markCell(x-1, y-1) displayGrid(false) if testForWin() { resign() } case 'q': resign() } } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of VB, keeping it the same logically?
Imports System.Math, System.Console, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim i, j, k, d As BI : i = 2 j = CType(Floor(Sqrt(CDbl(i))), BI) : k = j : d = j Dim n As Integer = -1, n0 As Integer = -1, st As DateTime = DateTime.Now If args.Length > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(args(0), n) If n > 0 Then n0 = n Else n = 1 Do Write(d) : i = (i - k * d) * 100 : k = 20 * j For d = 1 To 10 If (k + d) * d > i Then d -= 1 : Exit For Next j = j * 10 + d : k += d : If n0 > 0 Then n = n - 1 Loop While n > 0 If n0 > 0 Then WriteLine (VbLf & "Time taken for {0} digits: {1}", n0, DateTime.Now - st) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var twenty = big.NewInt(20) var hundred = big.NewInt(100) func sqrt(n float64, limit int) { if n < 0 { log.Fatal("Number cannot be negative") } count := 0 for n != math.Trunc(n) { n *= 100 count-- } i := big.NewInt(int64(n)) j := new(big.Int).Sqrt(i) count += len(j.String()) k := new(big.Int).Set(j) d := new(big.Int).Set(j) t := new(big.Int) digits := 0 var sb strings.Builder for digits < limit { sb.WriteString(d.String()) t.Mul(k, d) i.Sub(i, t) i.Mul(i, hundred) k.Mul(j, twenty) d.Set(one) for d.Cmp(ten) <= 0 { t.Add(k, d) t.Mul(t, d) if t.Cmp(i) > 0 { d.Sub(d, one) break } d.Add(d, one) } j.Mul(j, ten) j.Add(j, d) k.Add(k, d) digits = digits + 1 } root := strings.TrimRight(sb.String(), "0") if len(root) == 0 { root = "0" } if count > 0 { root = root[0:count] + "." + root[count:] } else if count == 0 { root = "0." + root } else { root = "0." + strings.Repeat("0", -count) + root } root = strings.TrimSuffix(root, ".") fmt.Println(root) } func main() { numbers := []float64{2, 0.2, 10.89, 625, 0.0001} digits := []int{500, 80, 8, 8, 8} for i, n := range numbers { fmt.Printf("First %d significant digits (at most) of the square root of %g:\n", digits[i], n) sqrt(n, digits[i]) fmt.Println() } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original VB code.
Imports System.Math, System.Console, BI = System.Numerics.BigInteger Module Module1 Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim i, j, k, d As BI : i = 2 j = CType(Floor(Sqrt(CDbl(i))), BI) : k = j : d = j Dim n As Integer = -1, n0 As Integer = -1, st As DateTime = DateTime.Now If args.Length > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(args(0), n) If n > 0 Then n0 = n Else n = 1 Do Write(d) : i = (i - k * d) * 100 : k = 20 * j For d = 1 To 10 If (k + d) * d > i Then d -= 1 : Exit For Next j = j * 10 + d : k += d : If n0 > 0 Then n = n - 1 Loop While n > 0 If n0 > 0 Then WriteLine (VbLf & "Time taken for {0} digits: {1}", n0, DateTime.Now - st) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) var ten = big.NewInt(10) var twenty = big.NewInt(20) var hundred = big.NewInt(100) func sqrt(n float64, limit int) { if n < 0 { log.Fatal("Number cannot be negative") } count := 0 for n != math.Trunc(n) { n *= 100 count-- } i := big.NewInt(int64(n)) j := new(big.Int).Sqrt(i) count += len(j.String()) k := new(big.Int).Set(j) d := new(big.Int).Set(j) t := new(big.Int) digits := 0 var sb strings.Builder for digits < limit { sb.WriteString(d.String()) t.Mul(k, d) i.Sub(i, t) i.Mul(i, hundred) k.Mul(j, twenty) d.Set(one) for d.Cmp(ten) <= 0 { t.Add(k, d) t.Mul(t, d) if t.Cmp(i) > 0 { d.Sub(d, one) break } d.Add(d, one) } j.Mul(j, ten) j.Add(j, d) k.Add(k, d) digits = digits + 1 } root := strings.TrimRight(sb.String(), "0") if len(root) == 0 { root = "0" } if count > 0 { root = root[0:count] + "." + root[count:] } else if count == 0 { root = "0." + root } else { root = "0." + strings.Repeat("0", -count) + root } root = strings.TrimSuffix(root, ".") fmt.Println(root) } func main() { numbers := []float64{2, 0.2, 10.89, 625, 0.0001} digits := []int{500, 80, 8, 8, 8} for i, n := range numbers { fmt.Printf("First %d significant digits (at most) of the square root of %g:\n", digits[i], n) sqrt(n, digits[i]) fmt.Println() } }
Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
Imports System.Linq Imports System.Collections.Generic Imports System.Console Imports System.Math Module Module1 Dim ba As Integer Dim chars As String = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" Iterator Function Primes(ByVal lim As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of Integer) Dim flags(lim) As Boolean, j As Integer : Yield 2 For j = 4 To lim Step 2 : flags(j) = True : Next : j = 3 Dim d As Integer = 8, sq As Integer = 9 While sq <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j : Dim i As Integer = j << 1 For k As Integer = sq To lim step i : flags(k) = True : Next End If j += 2 : d += 8 : sq += d : End While While j <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j j += 2 : End While End Function Function from10(ByVal b As Integer) As String Dim res As String = "", re As Integer While b > 0 : b = DivRem(b, ba, re) : res = chars(CByte(re)) & res : End While : Return res End Function Function to10(ByVal s As String) As Integer Dim res As Integer = 0 For Each i As Char In s : res = res * ba + chars.IndexOf(i) : Next : Return res End Function Function nd(ByVal s As String) As Boolean If s.Length < 2 Then Return True Dim l As Char = s(0) For i As Integer = 1 To s.Length - 1 If chars.IndexOf(l) > chars.IndexOf(s(i)) Then Return False Else l = s(i) Next : Return True End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim c As Integer, lim As Integer = 1000, s As String For Each b As Integer In New List(Of Integer) From { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 27, 31, 62 } ba = b : c = 0 : For Each a As Integer In Primes(lim) s = from10(a) : If nd(s) Then c += 1 : Write("{0,4} {1}", s, If(c Mod 20 = 0, vbLf, "")) Next WriteLine(vbLf & "Base {0}: found {1} non-decreasing primes under {2:n0}" & vbLf, b, c, from10(lim)) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func nonDescending(p int) bool { var digits []int for p > 0 { digits = append(digits, p%10) p = p / 10 } for i := 0; i < len(digits)-1; i++ { if digits[i+1] > digits[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(999) var nonDesc []int for _, p := range primes { if nonDescending(p) { nonDesc = append(nonDesc, p) } } fmt.Println("Primes below 1,000 with digits in non-decreasing order:") for i, n := range nonDesc { fmt.Printf("%3d ", n) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n%d such primes found.\n", len(nonDesc)) }
Rewrite this program in Go while keeping its functionality equivalent to the VB version.
Imports System.Linq Imports System.Collections.Generic Imports System.Console Imports System.Math Module Module1 Dim ba As Integer Dim chars As String = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" Iterator Function Primes(ByVal lim As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of Integer) Dim flags(lim) As Boolean, j As Integer : Yield 2 For j = 4 To lim Step 2 : flags(j) = True : Next : j = 3 Dim d As Integer = 8, sq As Integer = 9 While sq <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j : Dim i As Integer = j << 1 For k As Integer = sq To lim step i : flags(k) = True : Next End If j += 2 : d += 8 : sq += d : End While While j <= lim If Not flags(j) Then Yield j j += 2 : End While End Function Function from10(ByVal b As Integer) As String Dim res As String = "", re As Integer While b > 0 : b = DivRem(b, ba, re) : res = chars(CByte(re)) & res : End While : Return res End Function Function to10(ByVal s As String) As Integer Dim res As Integer = 0 For Each i As Char In s : res = res * ba + chars.IndexOf(i) : Next : Return res End Function Function nd(ByVal s As String) As Boolean If s.Length < 2 Then Return True Dim l As Char = s(0) For i As Integer = 1 To s.Length - 1 If chars.IndexOf(l) > chars.IndexOf(s(i)) Then Return False Else l = s(i) Next : Return True End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim c As Integer, lim As Integer = 1000, s As String For Each b As Integer In New List(Of Integer) From { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 27, 31, 62 } ba = b : c = 0 : For Each a As Integer In Primes(lim) s = from10(a) : If nd(s) Then c += 1 : Write("{0,4} {1}", s, If(c Mod 20 = 0, vbLf, "")) Next WriteLine(vbLf & "Base {0}: found {1} non-decreasing primes under {2:n0}" & vbLf, b, c, from10(lim)) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func nonDescending(p int) bool { var digits []int for p > 0 { digits = append(digits, p%10) p = p / 10 } for i := 0; i < len(digits)-1; i++ { if digits[i+1] > digits[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(999) var nonDesc []int for _, p := range primes { if nonDescending(p) { nonDesc = append(nonDesc, p) } } fmt.Println("Primes below 1,000 with digits in non-decreasing order:") for i, n := range nonDesc { fmt.Printf("%3d ", n) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n%d such primes found.\n", len(nonDesc)) }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this VB code.
Imports System.Reflection Module Module1 Class TestClass Private privateField = 7 Public ReadOnly Property PublicNumber = 4 Private ReadOnly Property PrivateNumber = 2 End Class Function GetPropertyValues(Of T)(obj As T, flags As BindingFlags) As IEnumerable Return From p In obj.GetType().GetProperties(flags) Where p.GetIndexParameters().Length = 0 Select New With {p.Name, Key .Value = p.GetValue(obj, Nothing)} End Function Function GetFieldValues(Of T)(obj As T, flags As BindingFlags) As IEnumerable Return obj.GetType().GetFields(flags).Select(Function(f) New With {f.Name, Key .Value = f.GetValue(obj)}) End Function Sub Main() Dim t As New TestClass() Dim flags = BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance For Each prop In GetPropertyValues(t, flags) Console.WriteLine(prop) Next For Each field In GetFieldValues(t, flags) Console.WriteLine(field) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "image" "reflect" ) type t struct { X int next *t } func main() { report(t{}) report(image.Point{}) } func report(x interface{}) { t := reflect.TypeOf(x) n := t.NumField() fmt.Printf("Type %v has %d fields:\n", t, n) fmt.Println("Name Type Exported") for i := 0; i < n; i++ { f := t.Field(i) fmt.Printf("%-8s %-8v %-8t\n", f.Name, f.Type, f.PkgPath == "", ) } fmt.Println() }
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this VB implementation.
Dim MText as QMemorystream MText.WriteLine "Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$" MText.WriteLine "are$delineated$by$a$single$ MText.WriteLine "that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$" MText.WriteLine "column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space." MText.WriteLine "Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$" MText.WriteLine "justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column." DefStr TextLeft, TextRight, TextCenter DefStr MLine, LWord, Newline = chr$(13)+chr$(10) DefInt ColWidth(100), ColCount DefSng NrSpaces MText.position = 0 for x = 0 to MText.linecount -1 MLine = MText.ReadLine for y = 0 to Tally(MLine, "$") LWord = Field$(MLine, "$", y+1) ColWidth(y) = iif (ColWidth(y) < len(LWord), len(LWord), ColWidth(y)) next next MText.position = 0 for x = 0 to MText.linecount -1 MLine = MText.ReadLine for y = 0 to Tally(MLine, "$") LWord = Field$(MLine, "$", y+1) NrSpaces = ColWidth(y) - len(LWord) TextLeft = TextLeft + LWord + Space$(NrSpaces+1) TextRight = TextRight + Space$(NrSpaces+1) + LWord TextCenter = TextCenter + Space$(floor((NrSpaces)/2)+1) + LWord + Space$(Ceil((NrSpaces)/2)) next TextLeft = TextLeft + Newline TextRight = TextRight + Newline TextCenter = TextCenter + Newline next
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) const text = `Given$a$text$file$of$many$lines,$where$fields$within$a$line$ are$delineated$by$a$single$'dollar'$character,$write$a$program that$aligns$each$column$of$fields$by$ensuring$that$words$in$each$ column$are$separated$by$at$least$one$space. Further,$allow$for$each$word$in$a$column$to$be$either$left$ justified,$right$justified,$or$center$justified$within$its$column.` type formatter struct { text [][]string width []int } func newFormatter(text string) *formatter { var f formatter for _, line := range strings.Split(text, "\n") { words := strings.Split(line, "$") for words[len(words)-1] == "" { words = words[:len(words)-1] } f.text = append(f.text, words) for i, word := range words { if i == len(f.width) { f.width = append(f.width, len(word)) } else if len(word) > f.width[i] { f.width[i] = len(word) } } } return &f } const ( left = iota middle right ) func (f formatter) print(j int) { for _, line := range f.text { for i, word := range line { fmt.Printf("%-*s ", f.width[i], fmt.Sprintf("%*s", len(word)+(f.width[i]-len(word))*j/2, word)) } fmt.Println("") } fmt.Println("") } func main() { f := newFormatter(text) f.print(left) f.print(middle) f.print(right) }
Port the provided VB code into Go while preserving the original functionality.
Function parse_url(url) parse_url = "URL: " & url If InStr(url,"//") Then scheme = Split(url,"//") parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & Mid(scheme(0),1,Len(scheme(0))-1) domain = Split(scheme(1),"/") If InStr(domain(0),"@") Then cred = Split(domain(0),"@") If InStr(cred(0),".") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),".")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),".")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),".")) ElseIf InStr(cred(0),":") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),":")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),":")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),":")) End If parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Username: " & username & vbCrLf &_ "Password: " & password If InStr(cred(1),":") Then host = Mid(cred(1),1,InStr(1,cred(1),":")-1) port = Mid(cred(1),InStr(1,cred(1),":")+1,Len(cred(1))-InStr(1,cred(1),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & cred(1) End If ElseIf InStr(domain(0),":") And Instr(domain(0),"[") = False And Instr(domain(0),"]") = False Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),":")-1) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),":")+1,Len(domain(0))-InStr(1,domain(0),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port ElseIf Instr(domain(0),"[") And Instr(domain(0),"]:") Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),"]")) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+2,Len(domain(0))-(InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+1)) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & domain(0) End If If UBound(domain) > 0 Then For i = 1 To UBound(domain) If i < UBound(domain) Then path = path & domain(i) & "/" ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"?") Then path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) If InStr(domain(i),"#") Then query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query & vbCrLf & "Fragment: " & fragment Else query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query End If ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"#") Then fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-1) & vbCrLf &_ "Fragment: " & fragment Else path = path & domain(i) End If Next parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path End If ElseIf InStr(url,":") Then scheme = Mid(url,1,InStr(1,url,":")-1) path = Mid(url,InStr(1,url,":")+1,Len(url)-InStr(1,url,":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & scheme & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path Else parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Invalid!!!" End If End Function WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("mailto:John.Doe@example.com") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("tel:+1-816-555-1212") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("this code is messy, long, and needs a makeover!!!")
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net" "net/url" ) func main() { for _, in := range []string{ "foo: "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose", "jdbc:mysql: "ftp: "http: "ldap: "mailto:John.Doe@example.com", "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", "tel:+1-816-555-1212", "telnet: "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", "ssh: "https: "http: } { fmt.Println(in) u, err := url.Parse(in) if err != nil { log.Println(err) continue } if in != u.String() { fmt.Printf("Note: reassmebles as %q\n", u) } printURL(u) } } func printURL(u *url.URL) { fmt.Println(" Scheme:", u.Scheme) if u.Opaque != "" { fmt.Println(" Opaque:", u.Opaque) } if u.User != nil { fmt.Println(" Username:", u.User.Username()) if pwd, ok := u.User.Password(); ok { fmt.Println(" Password:", pwd) } } if u.Host != "" { if host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host); err == nil { fmt.Println(" Host:", host) fmt.Println(" Port:", port) } else { fmt.Println(" Host:", u.Host) } } if u.Path != "" { fmt.Println(" Path:", u.Path) } if u.RawQuery != "" { fmt.Println(" RawQuery:", u.RawQuery) m, err := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery) if err == nil { for k, v := range m { fmt.Printf(" Key: %q Values: %q\n", k, v) } } } if u.Fragment != "" { fmt.Println(" Fragment:", u.Fragment) } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of VB, keeping it the same logically?
Function parse_url(url) parse_url = "URL: " & url If InStr(url,"//") Then scheme = Split(url,"//") parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & Mid(scheme(0),1,Len(scheme(0))-1) domain = Split(scheme(1),"/") If InStr(domain(0),"@") Then cred = Split(domain(0),"@") If InStr(cred(0),".") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),".")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),".")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),".")) ElseIf InStr(cred(0),":") Then username = Mid(cred(0),1,InStr(1,cred(0),":")-1) password = Mid(cred(0),InStr(1,cred(0),":")+1,Len(cred(0))-InStr(1,cred(0),":")) End If parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Username: " & username & vbCrLf &_ "Password: " & password If InStr(cred(1),":") Then host = Mid(cred(1),1,InStr(1,cred(1),":")-1) port = Mid(cred(1),InStr(1,cred(1),":")+1,Len(cred(1))-InStr(1,cred(1),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & cred(1) End If ElseIf InStr(domain(0),":") And Instr(domain(0),"[") = False And Instr(domain(0),"]") = False Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),":")-1) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),":")+1,Len(domain(0))-InStr(1,domain(0),":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port ElseIf Instr(domain(0),"[") And Instr(domain(0),"]:") Then host = Mid(domain(0),1,InStr(1,domain(0),"]")) port = Mid(domain(0),InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+2,Len(domain(0))-(InStr(1,domain(0),"]")+1)) parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & host & vbCrLf & "Port: " & port Else parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Domain: " & domain(0) End If If UBound(domain) > 0 Then For i = 1 To UBound(domain) If i < UBound(domain) Then path = path & domain(i) & "/" ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"?") Then path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) If InStr(domain(i),"#") Then query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")-1) fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query & vbCrLf & "Fragment: " & fragment Else query = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"?")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"?")) path = path & vbcrlf & "Query: " & query End If ElseIf InStr(domain(i),"#") Then fragment = Mid(domain(i),InStr(1,domain(i),"#")+1,Len(domain(i))-InStr(1,domain(i),"#")) path = path & Mid(domain(i),1,InStr(1,domain(i),"#")-1) & vbCrLf &_ "Fragment: " & fragment Else path = path & domain(i) End If Next parse_url = parse_url & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path End If ElseIf InStr(url,":") Then scheme = Mid(url,1,InStr(1,url,":")-1) path = Mid(url,InStr(1,url,":")+1,Len(url)-InStr(1,url,":")) parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Scheme: " & scheme & vbCrLf & "Path: " & path Else parse_url = parse_url & vbcrlf & "Invalid!!!" End If End Function WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("foo://example.com:8042/over/there?name=ferret#nose") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("jdbc:mysql://test_user:ouupppssss@localhost:3306/sakila?profileSQL=true") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ftp://ftp.is.co.za/rfc/rfc1808.txt") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt#header1") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("ldap://[2001:db8::7]/c=GB?objectClass=one&objectClass=two") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("mailto:John.Doe@example.com") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("tel:+1-816-555-1212") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("telnet://192.0.2.16:80/") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2") WScript.StdOut.WriteLine "-------------------------------" WScript.StdOut.WriteLine parse_url("this code is messy, long, and needs a makeover!!!")
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net" "net/url" ) func main() { for _, in := range []string{ "foo: "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose", "jdbc:mysql: "ftp: "http: "ldap: "mailto:John.Doe@example.com", "news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix", "tel:+1-816-555-1212", "telnet: "urn:oasis:names:specification:docbook:dtd:xml:4.1.2", "ssh: "https: "http: } { fmt.Println(in) u, err := url.Parse(in) if err != nil { log.Println(err) continue } if in != u.String() { fmt.Printf("Note: reassmebles as %q\n", u) } printURL(u) } } func printURL(u *url.URL) { fmt.Println(" Scheme:", u.Scheme) if u.Opaque != "" { fmt.Println(" Opaque:", u.Opaque) } if u.User != nil { fmt.Println(" Username:", u.User.Username()) if pwd, ok := u.User.Password(); ok { fmt.Println(" Password:", pwd) } } if u.Host != "" { if host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host); err == nil { fmt.Println(" Host:", host) fmt.Println(" Port:", port) } else { fmt.Println(" Host:", u.Host) } } if u.Path != "" { fmt.Println(" Path:", u.Path) } if u.RawQuery != "" { fmt.Println(" RawQuery:", u.RawQuery) m, err := url.ParseQuery(u.RawQuery) if err == nil { for k, v := range m { fmt.Printf(" Key: %q Values: %q\n", k, v) } } } if u.Fragment != "" { fmt.Println(" Fragment:", u.Fragment) } }
Change the programming language of this snippet from VB to Go without modifying what it does.
Imports System.Numerics Imports System.Text Module Module1 ReadOnly ALPHABET As String = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" ReadOnly HEX As String = "0123456789ABCDEF" Function ToBigInteger(value As String, base As Integer) As BigInteger If base < 1 OrElse base > HEX.Length Then Throw New ArgumentException("Base is out of range.") End If Dim bi = BigInteger.Zero For Each c In value Dim c2 = Char.ToUpper(c) Dim idx = HEX.IndexOf(c2) If idx = -1 OrElse idx >= base Then Throw New ArgumentException("Illegal character encountered.") End If bi = bi * base + idx Next Return bi End Function Function ConvertToBase58(hash As String, Optional base As Integer = 16) As String Dim x As BigInteger If base = 16 AndAlso hash.Substring(0, 2) = "0x" Then x = ToBigInteger(hash.Substring(2), base) Else x = ToBigInteger(hash, base) End If Dim sb As New StringBuilder While x > 0 Dim r = x Mod 58 sb.Append(ALPHABET(r)) x = x / 58 End While Dim ca = sb.ToString().ToCharArray() Array.Reverse(ca) Return New String(ca) End Function Sub Main() Dim s = "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" Dim b = ConvertToBase58(s, 10) Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", s, b) Dim hashes = {"0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e"} For Each hash In hashes Dim b58 = ConvertToBase58(hash) Console.WriteLine("{0,-56} -> {1}", hash, b58) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math/big" "strings" ) const alphabet = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" var big0 = new(big.Int) var big58 = big.NewInt(58) func reverse(s string) string { r := []rune(s) for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i < len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] } return string(r) } func convertToBase58(hash string, base int) (string, error) { var x, ok = new(big.Int).SetString(hash, base) if !ok { return "", fmt.Errorf("'%v' is not a valid integer in base '%d'", hash, base) } var sb strings.Builder var rem = new(big.Int) for x.Cmp(big0) == 1 { x.QuoRem(x, big58, rem) r := rem.Int64() sb.WriteByte(alphabet[r]) } return reverse(sb.String()), nil } func main() { s := "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" b, err := convertToBase58(s, 10) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(s, "->", b) hashes := [...]string{ "0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e", } for _, hash := range hashes { b58, err := convertToBase58(hash, 0) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("%-56s -> %s\n", hash, b58) } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in Go instead of VB, keeping it the same logically?
Imports System.Numerics Imports System.Text Module Module1 ReadOnly ALPHABET As String = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" ReadOnly HEX As String = "0123456789ABCDEF" Function ToBigInteger(value As String, base As Integer) As BigInteger If base < 1 OrElse base > HEX.Length Then Throw New ArgumentException("Base is out of range.") End If Dim bi = BigInteger.Zero For Each c In value Dim c2 = Char.ToUpper(c) Dim idx = HEX.IndexOf(c2) If idx = -1 OrElse idx >= base Then Throw New ArgumentException("Illegal character encountered.") End If bi = bi * base + idx Next Return bi End Function Function ConvertToBase58(hash As String, Optional base As Integer = 16) As String Dim x As BigInteger If base = 16 AndAlso hash.Substring(0, 2) = "0x" Then x = ToBigInteger(hash.Substring(2), base) Else x = ToBigInteger(hash, base) End If Dim sb As New StringBuilder While x > 0 Dim r = x Mod 58 sb.Append(ALPHABET(r)) x = x / 58 End While Dim ca = sb.ToString().ToCharArray() Array.Reverse(ca) Return New String(ca) End Function Sub Main() Dim s = "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" Dim b = ConvertToBase58(s, 10) Console.WriteLine("{0} -> {1}", s, b) Dim hashes = {"0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e"} For Each hash In hashes Dim b58 = ConvertToBase58(hash) Console.WriteLine("{0,-56} -> {1}", hash, b58) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math/big" "strings" ) const alphabet = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" var big0 = new(big.Int) var big58 = big.NewInt(58) func reverse(s string) string { r := []rune(s) for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i < len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] } return string(r) } func convertToBase58(hash string, base int) (string, error) { var x, ok = new(big.Int).SetString(hash, base) if !ok { return "", fmt.Errorf("'%v' is not a valid integer in base '%d'", hash, base) } var sb strings.Builder var rem = new(big.Int) for x.Cmp(big0) == 1 { x.QuoRem(x, big58, rem) r := rem.Int64() sb.WriteByte(alphabet[r]) } return reverse(sb.String()), nil } func main() { s := "25420294593250030202636073700053352635053786165627414518" b, err := convertToBase58(s, 10) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(s, "->", b) hashes := [...]string{ "0x61", "0x626262", "0x636363", "0x73696d706c792061206c6f6e6720737472696e67", "0x516b6fcd0f", "0xbf4f89001e670274dd", "0x572e4794", "0xecac89cad93923c02321", "0x10c8511e", } for _, hash := range hashes { b58, err := convertToBase58(hash, 0) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Printf("%-56s -> %s\n", hash, b58) } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go.
Imports System.IO Imports System.Security.Cryptography Module Module1 Function ByteArrayToString(ba As Byte()) As String Return BitConverter.ToString(ba).Replace("-", "") End Function Function Encrypt(messageBytes As Byte(), passwordBytes As Byte()) As Byte() Dim iv As Byte() = {&H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0} Dim provider As New DESCryptoServiceProvider Dim transform = provider.CreateEncryptor(passwordBytes, iv) Dim mode = CryptoStreamMode.Write Dim memStream As New MemoryStream Dim cryptoStream As New CryptoStream(memStream, transform, mode) cryptoStream.Write(messageBytes, 0, messageBytes.Length) cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock() Dim encryptedMessageBytes(memStream.Length - 1) As Byte memStream.Position = 0 memStream.Read(encryptedMessageBytes, 0, encryptedMessageBytes.Length) Return encryptedMessageBytes End Function Function Decrypt(encryptedMessageBytes As Byte(), passwordBytes As Byte()) As Byte() Dim iv As Byte() = {&H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0, &H0} Dim provider As New DESCryptoServiceProvider Dim transform = provider.CreateDecryptor(passwordBytes, iv) Dim mode = CryptoStreamMode.Write Dim memStream As New MemoryStream Dim cryptoStream As New CryptoStream(memStream, transform, mode) cryptoStream.Write(encryptedMessageBytes, 0, encryptedMessageBytes.Length) cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock() Dim decryptedMessageBytes(memStream.Length - 1) As Byte memStream.Position = 0 memStream.Read(decryptedMessageBytes, 0, decryptedMessageBytes.Length) Return decryptedMessageBytes End Function Sub Main() Dim keyBytes As Byte() = {&HE, &H32, &H92, &H32, &HEA, &H6D, &HD, &H73} Dim plainBytes As Byte() = {&H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87, &H87} Dim encStr = Encrypt(plainBytes, keyBytes) Console.WriteLine("Encoded: {0}", ByteArrayToString(encStr)) Dim decStr = Decrypt(encStr, keyBytes) Console.WriteLine("Decoded: {0}", ByteArrayToString(decStr)) End Sub End Module
package main import ( "crypto/des" "encoding/hex" "fmt" "log" ) func main() { key, err := hex.DecodeString("0e329232ea6d0d73") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } c, err := des.NewCipher(key) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } src, err := hex.DecodeString("8787878787878787") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } dst := make([]byte, des.BlockSize) c.Encrypt(dst, src) fmt.Printf("%x\n", dst) }
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this VB implementation.
Public Sub commatize(s As String, Optional sep As String = ",", Optional start As Integer = 1, Optional step As Integer = 3) Dim l As Integer: l = Len(s) For i = start To l If Asc(Mid(s, i, 1)) >= Asc("1") And Asc(Mid(s, i, 1)) <= Asc("9") Then For j = i + 1 To l + 1 If j > l Then For k = j - 1 - step To i Step -step s = Mid(s, 1, k) & sep & Mid(s, k + 1, l - k + 1) l = Len(s) Next k Exit For Else If (Asc(Mid(s, j, 1)) < Asc("0") Or Asc(Mid(s, j, 1)) > Asc("9")) Then For k = j - 1 - step To i Step -step s = Mid(s, 1, k) & sep & Mid(s, k + 1, l - k + 1) l = Len(s) Next k Exit For End If End If Next j Exit For End If Next i Debug.Print s End Sub Public Sub main() commatize "pi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459231", " ", 6, 5 commatize "The author has two Z$100000000000000 Zimbabwe notes (100 trillion).", "." commatize """-in Aus$+1411.8millions""" commatize "===US$0017440 millions=== (in 2000 dollars)" commatize "123.e8000 is pretty big." commatize "The land area of the earth is 57268900(29% of the surface) square miles." commatize "Ain commatize "James was never known as 0000000007" commatize "Arthur Eddington wrote: I believe there are 15747724136275002577605653961181555468044717914527116709366231425076185631031296 protons in the universe." commatize " $-140000±100 millions." commatize "6/9/1946 was a good year for some." End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "regexp" "strings" ) var reg = regexp.MustCompile(`(\.[0-9]+|[1-9]([0-9]+)?(\.[0-9]+)?)`) func reverse(s string) string { r := []rune(s) for i, j := 0, len(r)-1; i < len(r)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] } return string(r) } func commatize(s string, startIndex, period int, sep string) string { if startIndex < 0 || startIndex >= len(s) || period < 1 || sep == "" { return s } m := reg.FindString(s[startIndex:]) if m == "" { return s } splits := strings.Split(m, ".") ip := splits[0] if len(ip) > period { pi := reverse(ip) for i := (len(ip) - 1) / period * period; i >= period; i -= period { pi = pi[:i] + sep + pi[i:] } ip = reverse(pi) } if strings.Contains(m, ".") { dp := splits[1] if len(dp) > period { for i := (len(dp) - 1) / period * period; i >= period; i -= period { dp = dp[:i] + sep + dp[i:] } } ip += "." + dp } return s[:startIndex] + strings.Replace(s[startIndex:], m, ip, 1) } func main() { tests := [...]string{ "123456789.123456789", ".123456789", "57256.1D-4", "pi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459231", "The author has two Z$100000000000000 Zimbabwe notes (100 trillion).", "-in Aus$+1411.8millions", "===US$0017440 millions=== (in 2000 dollars)", "123.e8000 is pretty big.", "The land area of the earth is 57268900(29% of the surface) square miles.", "Ain't no numbers in this here words, nohow, no way, Jose.", "James was never known as 0000000007", "Arthur Eddington wrote: I believe there are " + "15747724136275002577605653961181555468044717914527116709366231425076185631031296" + " protons in the universe.", " $-140000±100 millions.", "6/9/1946 was a good year for some.", } fmt.Println(commatize(tests[0], 0, 2, "*")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[1], 0, 3, "-")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[2], 0, 4, "__")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[3], 0, 5, " ")) fmt.Println(commatize(tests[4], 0, 3, ".")) for _, test := range tests[5:] { fmt.Println(commatize(test, 0, 3, ",")) } }
Write a version of this VB function in Go with identical behavior.
Imports System.Numerics Imports System.Text Imports Freq = System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary(Of Char, Long) Imports Triple = System.Tuple(Of System.Numerics.BigInteger, Integer, System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary(Of Char, Long)) Module Module1 Function CumulativeFreq(freq As Freq) As Freq Dim total As Long = 0 Dim cf As New Freq For i = 0 To 255 Dim c = Chr(i) If freq.ContainsKey(c) Then Dim v = freq(c) cf(c) = total total += v End If Next Return cf End Function Function ArithmeticCoding(str As String, radix As Long) As Triple Dim freq As New Freq For Each c In str If freq.ContainsKey(c) Then freq(c) += 1 Else freq(c) = 1 End If Next Dim cf = CumulativeFreq(freq) Dim base As BigInteger = str.Length Dim lower As BigInteger = 0 Dim pf As BigInteger = 1 For Each c In str Dim x = cf(c) lower = lower * base + x * pf pf = pf * freq(c) Next Dim upper = lower + pf Dim powr = 0 Dim bigRadix As BigInteger = radix While True pf = pf / bigRadix If pf = 0 Then Exit While End If powr = powr + 1 End While Dim diff = (upper - 1) / (BigInteger.Pow(bigRadix, powr)) Return New Triple(diff, powr, freq) End Function Function ArithmeticDecoding(num As BigInteger, radix As Long, pwr As Integer, freq As Freq) As String Dim powr As BigInteger = radix Dim enc = num * BigInteger.Pow(powr, pwr) Dim base = freq.Values.Sum() Dim cf = CumulativeFreq(freq) Dim dict As New Dictionary(Of Long, Char) For Each key In cf.Keys Dim value = cf(key) dict(value) = key Next Dim lchar As Long = -1 For i As Long = 0 To base - 1 If dict.ContainsKey(i) Then lchar = AscW(dict(i)) Else dict(i) = ChrW(lchar) End If Next Dim decoded As New StringBuilder Dim bigBase As BigInteger = base For i As Long = base - 1 To 0 Step -1 Dim pow = BigInteger.Pow(bigBase, i) Dim div = enc / pow Dim c = dict(div) Dim fv = freq(c) Dim cv = cf(c) Dim diff = enc - pow * cv enc = diff / fv decoded.Append(c) Next Return decoded.ToString() End Function Sub Main() Dim radix As Long = 10 Dim strings = {"DABDDB", "DABDDBBDDBA", "ABRACADABRA", "TOBEORNOTTOBEORTOBEORNOT"} For Each St In strings Dim encoded = ArithmeticCoding(St, radix) Dim dec = ArithmeticDecoding(encoded.Item1, radix, encoded.Item2, encoded.Item3) Console.WriteLine("{0,-25}=> {1,19} * {2}^{3}", St, encoded.Item1, radix, encoded.Item2) If St <> dec Then Throw New Exception(vbTab + "However that is incorrect!") End If Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func cumulative_freq(freq map[byte]int64) map[byte]int64 { total := int64(0) cf := make(map[byte]int64) for i := 0; i < 256; i++ { b := byte(i) if v, ok := freq[b]; ok { cf[b] = total total += v } } return cf } func arithmethic_coding(str string, radix int64) (*big.Int, *big.Int, map[byte]int64) { chars := []byte(str) freq := make(map[byte]int64) for _, c := range chars { freq[c] += 1 } cf := cumulative_freq(freq) base := len(chars) L := big.NewInt(0) pf := big.NewInt(1) bigBase := big.NewInt(int64(base)) for _, c := range chars { x := big.NewInt(cf[c]) L.Mul(L, bigBase) L.Add(L, x.Mul(x, pf)) pf.Mul(pf, big.NewInt(freq[c])) } U := big.NewInt(0) U.Set(L) U.Add(U, pf) bigOne := big.NewInt(1) bigZero := big.NewInt(0) bigRadix := big.NewInt(radix) tmp := big.NewInt(0).Set(pf) powr := big.NewInt(0) for { tmp.Div(tmp, bigRadix) if tmp.Cmp(bigZero) == 0 { break } powr.Add(powr, bigOne) } diff := big.NewInt(0) diff.Sub(U, bigOne) diff.Div(diff, big.NewInt(0).Exp(bigRadix, powr, nil)) return diff, powr, freq } func arithmethic_decoding(num *big.Int, radix int64, pow *big.Int, freq map[byte]int64) string { powr := big.NewInt(radix) enc := big.NewInt(0).Set(num) enc.Mul(enc, powr.Exp(powr, pow, nil)) base := int64(0) for _, v := range freq { base += v } cf := cumulative_freq(freq) dict := make(map[int64]byte) for k, v := range cf { dict[v] = k } lchar := -1 for i := int64(0); i < base; i++ { if v, ok := dict[i]; ok { lchar = int(v) } else if lchar != -1 { dict[i] = byte(lchar) } } decoded := make([]byte, base) bigBase := big.NewInt(base) for i := base - 1; i >= 0; i-- { pow := big.NewInt(0) pow.Exp(bigBase, big.NewInt(i), nil) div := big.NewInt(0) div.Div(enc, pow) c := dict[div.Int64()] fv := freq[c] cv := cf[c] prod := big.NewInt(0).Mul(pow, big.NewInt(cv)) diff := big.NewInt(0).Sub(enc, prod) enc.Div(diff, big.NewInt(fv)) decoded[base-i-1] = c } return string(decoded) } func main() { var radix = int64(10) strSlice := []string{ `DABDDB`, `DABDDBBDDBA`, `ABRACADABRA`, `TOBEORNOTTOBEORTOBEORNOT`, } for _, str := range strSlice { enc, pow, freq := arithmethic_coding(str, radix) dec := arithmethic_decoding(enc, radix, pow, freq) fmt.Printf("%-25s=> %19s * %d^%s\n", str, enc, radix, pow) if str != dec { panic("\tHowever that is incorrect!") } } }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Module Module1 Function Kosaraju(g As List(Of List(Of Integer))) As List(Of Integer) Dim size = g.Count Dim vis(size - 1) As Boolean Dim l(size - 1) As Integer Dim x = size Dim t As New List(Of List(Of Integer)) For i = 1 To size t.Add(New List(Of Integer)) Next Dim visit As Action(Of Integer) = Sub(u As Integer) If Not vis(u) Then vis(u) = True For Each v In g(u) visit(v) t(v).Add(u) Next x -= 1 l(x) = u End If End Sub For i = 1 To size visit(i - 1) Next Dim c(size - 1) As Integer Dim assign As Action(Of Integer, Integer) = Sub(u As Integer, root As Integer) If vis(u) Then vis(u) = False c(u) = root For Each v In t(u) assign(v, root) Next End If End Sub For Each u In l assign(u, u) Next Return c.ToList End Function Sub Main() Dim g = New List(Of List(Of Integer)) From { New List(Of Integer) From {1}, New List(Of Integer) From {2}, New List(Of Integer) From {0}, New List(Of Integer) From {1, 2, 4}, New List(Of Integer) From {3, 5}, New List(Of Integer) From {2, 6}, New List(Of Integer) From {5}, New List(Of Integer) From {4, 6, 7} } Dim output = Kosaraju(g) Console.WriteLine("[{0}]", String.Join(", ", output)) End Sub End Module
package main import "fmt" var g = [][]int{ 0: {1}, 1: {2}, 2: {0}, 3: {1, 2, 4}, 4: {3, 5}, 5: {2, 6}, 6: {5}, 7: {4, 6, 7}, } func main() { fmt.Println(kosaraju(g)) } func kosaraju(g [][]int) []int { vis := make([]bool, len(g)) L := make([]int, len(g)) x := len(L) t := make([][]int, len(g)) var Visit func(int) Visit = func(u int) { if !vis[u] { vis[u] = true for _, v := range g[u] { Visit(v) t[v] = append(t[v], u) } x-- L[x] = u } } for u := range g { Visit(u) } c := make([]int, len(g)) var Assign func(int, int) Assign = func(u, root int) { if vis[u] { vis[u] = false c[u] = root for _, v := range t[u] { Assign(v, root) } } } for _, u := range L { Assign(u, u) } return c }
Please provide an equivalent version of this VB code in Go.
Module Module1 Dim symbols As Char() = "XYPFTVNLUZWI█".ToCharArray(), nRows As Integer = 8, nCols As Integer = 8, target As Integer = 12, blank As Integer = 12, grid As Integer()() = New Integer(nRows - 1)() {}, placed As Boolean() = New Boolean(target - 1) {}, pens As List(Of List(Of Integer())), rand As Random, seeds As Integer() = {291, 292, 293, 295, 297, 329, 330, 332, 333, 335, 378, 586} Sub Main() Unpack(seeds) : rand = New Random() : ShuffleShapes(2) For r As Integer = 0 To nRows - 1 grid(r) = Enumerable.Repeat(-1, nCols).ToArray() : Next For i As Integer = 0 To 3 Dim rRow, rCol As Integer : Do : rRow = rand.Next(nRows) : rCol = rand.Next(nCols) Loop While grid(rRow)(rCol) = blank : grid(rRow)(rCol) = blank Next If Solve(0, 0) Then PrintResult() Else Console.WriteLine("no solution for this configuration:") : PrintResult() End If If System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached Then Console.ReadKey() End Sub Sub ShuffleShapes(count As Integer) For i As Integer = 0 To count : For j = 0 To pens.Count - 1 Dim r As Integer : Do : r = rand.Next(pens.Count) : Loop Until r <> j Dim tmp As List(Of Integer()) = pens(r) : pens(r) = pens(j) : pens(j) = tmp Dim ch As Char = symbols(r) : symbols(r) = symbols(j) : symbols(j) = ch Next : Next End Sub Sub PrintResult() For Each r As Integer() In grid : For Each i As Integer In r Console.Write("{0} ", If(i < 0, ".", symbols(i))) Next : Console.WriteLine() : Next End Sub Function Solve(ByVal pos As Integer, ByVal numPlaced As Integer) As Boolean If numPlaced = target Then Return True Dim row As Integer = pos \ nCols, col As Integer = pos Mod nCols If grid(row)(col) <> -1 Then Return Solve(pos + 1, numPlaced) For i As Integer = 0 To pens.Count - 1 : If Not placed(i) Then For Each orientation As Integer() In pens(i) If Not TPO(orientation, row, col, i) Then Continue For placed(i) = True : If Solve(pos + 1, numPlaced + 1) Then Return True RmvO(orientation, row, col) : placed(i) = False Next : End If : Next : Return False End Function Sub RmvO(ByVal ori As Integer(), ByVal row As Integer, ByVal col As Integer) grid(row)(col) = -1 : For i As Integer = 0 To ori.Length - 1 Step 2 grid(row + ori(i))(col + ori(i + 1)) = -1 : Next End Sub Function TPO(ByVal ori As Integer(), ByVal row As Integer, ByVal col As Integer, ByVal sIdx As Integer) As Boolean For i As Integer = 0 To ori.Length - 1 Step 2 Dim x As Integer = col + ori(i + 1), y As Integer = row + ori(i) If x < 0 OrElse x >= nCols OrElse y < 0 OrElse y >= nRows OrElse grid(y)(x) <> -1 Then Return False Next : grid(row)(col) = sIdx For i As Integer = 0 To ori.Length - 1 Step 2 grid(row + ori(i))(col + ori(i + 1)) = sIdx Next : Return True End Function Sub Unpack(sv As Integer()) pens = New List(Of List(Of Integer())) : For Each item In sv Dim Gen As New List(Of Integer()), exi As List(Of Integer) = Expand(item), fx As Integer() = ToP(exi) : Gen.Add(fx) : For i As Integer = 1 To 7 If i = 4 Then Mir(exi) Else Rot(exi) fx = ToP(exi) : If Not Gen.Exists(Function(Red) TheSame(Red, fx)) Then Gen.Add(ToP(exi)) Next : pens.Add(Gen) : Next End Sub Function Expand(i As Integer) As List(Of Integer) Expand = {0}.ToList() : For j As Integer = 0 To 3 : Expand.Insert(1, i And 15) : i >>= 4 : Next End Function Function ToP(p As List(Of Integer)) As Integer() Dim tmp As List(Of Integer) = {0}.ToList() : For Each item As Integer In p.Skip(1) tmp.Add(tmp.Item(item >> 2) + {1, 8, -1, -8}(item And 3)) : Next tmp.Sort() : For i As Integer = tmp.Count - 1 To 0 Step -1 : tmp.Item(i) -= tmp.Item(0) : Next Dim res As New List(Of Integer) : For Each item In tmp.Skip(1) Dim adj = If((item And 7) > 4, 8, 0) res.Add((adj + item) \ 8) : res.Add((item And 7) - adj) Next : Return res.ToArray() End Function Function TheSame(a As Integer(), b As Integer()) As Boolean For i As Integer = 0 To a.Count - 1 : If a(i) <> b(i) Then Return False Next : Return True End Function Sub Rot(ByRef p As List(Of Integer)) For i As Integer = 0 To p.Count - 1 : p(i) = (p(i) And -4) Or ((p(i) + 1) And 3) : Next End Sub Sub Mir(ByRef p As List(Of Integer)) For i As Integer = 0 To p.Count - 1 : p(i) = (p(i) And -4) Or (((p(i) Xor 1) + 1) And 3) : Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) var F = [][]int{ {1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, -1}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1}, } var I = [][]int{{0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0}} var L = [][]int{ {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3, -1, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1}, {1, -3, 1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0}, } var N = [][]int{ {0, 1, 1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, -1, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0, 3, -1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1, 3, -1}, } var P = [][]int{ {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0}, } var T = [][]int{ {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1}, {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 0}, } var U = [][]int{ {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1}, } var V = [][]int{ {1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 2, -2, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2}, } var W = [][]int{ {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -2, 2, -1}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -1}, } var X = [][]int{{1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0}} var Y = [][]int{ {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0}, {1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0, 3, 0}, } var Z = [][]int{ {0, 1, 1, 0, 2, -1, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2}, {0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2}, {1, -2, 1, -1, 1, 0, 2, -2}, } var shapes = [][][]int{F, I, L, N, P, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z} var symbols = []byte("FILNPTUVWXYZ-") const ( nRows = 8 nCols = 8 blank = 12 ) var grid [nRows][nCols]int var placed [12]bool func tryPlaceOrientation(o []int, r, c, shapeIndex int) bool { for i := 0; i < len(o); i += 2 { x := c + o[i+1] y := r + o[i] if x < 0 || x >= nCols || y < 0 || y >= nRows || grid[y][x] != -1 { return false } } grid[r][c] = shapeIndex for i := 0; i < len(o); i += 2 { grid[r+o[i]][c+o[i+1]] = shapeIndex } return true } func removeOrientation(o []int, r, c int) { grid[r][c] = -1 for i := 0; i < len(o); i += 2 { grid[r+o[i]][c+o[i+1]] = -1 } } func solve(pos, numPlaced int) bool { if numPlaced == len(shapes) { return true } row := pos / nCols col := pos % nCols if grid[row][col] != -1 { return solve(pos+1, numPlaced) } for i := range shapes { if !placed[i] { for _, orientation := range shapes[i] { if !tryPlaceOrientation(orientation, row, col, i) { continue } placed[i] = true if solve(pos+1, numPlaced+1) { return true } removeOrientation(orientation, row, col) placed[i] = false } } } return false } func shuffleShapes() { rand.Shuffle(len(shapes), func(i, j int) { shapes[i], shapes[j] = shapes[j], shapes[i] symbols[i], symbols[j] = symbols[j], symbols[i] }) } func printResult() { for _, r := range grid { for _, i := range r { fmt.Printf("%c ", symbols[i]) } fmt.Println() } } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) shuffleShapes() for r := 0; r < nRows; r++ { for i := range grid[r] { grid[r][i] = -1 } } for i := 0; i < 4; i++ { var randRow, randCol int for { randRow = rand.Intn(nRows) randCol = rand.Intn(nCols) if grid[randRow][randCol] != blank { break } } grid[randRow][randCol] = blank } if solve(0, 0) { printResult() } else { fmt.Println("No solution") } }
Convert this VB block to Go, preserving its control flow and logic.
Public Sub backup(filename As String) If Len(Dir(filename)) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next Name filename As filename & ".bak" Else If Len(Dir(filename & ".lnk")) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next With CreateObject("Wscript.Shell").CreateShortcut(filename & ".lnk") link = .TargetPath .Close End With Name link As link & ".bak" End If End If End Sub Public Sub main() backup "D:\test.txt" End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "os" ) func main() { fn := "myth" bx := ".backup" var err error if tf, err := os.Readlink(fn); err == nil { fn = tf } var fi os.FileInfo if fi, err = os.Stat(fn); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = os.Rename(fn, fn+bx); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = ioutil.WriteFile(fn, []byte("you too!\n"), fi.Mode().Perm()) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
Change the following VB code into Go without altering its purpose.
Public Sub backup(filename As String) If Len(Dir(filename)) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next Name filename As filename & ".bak" Else If Len(Dir(filename & ".lnk")) > 0 Then On Error Resume Next With CreateObject("Wscript.Shell").CreateShortcut(filename & ".lnk") link = .TargetPath .Close End With Name link As link & ".bak" End If End If End Sub Public Sub main() backup "D:\test.txt" End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "os" ) func main() { fn := "myth" bx := ".backup" var err error if tf, err := os.Readlink(fn); err == nil { fn = tf } var fi os.FileInfo if fi, err = os.Stat(fn); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } if err = os.Rename(fn, fn+bx); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = ioutil.WriteFile(fn, []byte("you too!\n"), fi.Mode().Perm()) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
Write the same algorithm in Go as shown in this VB implementation.
Imports System.Numerics Public Class BigRat Implements IComparable Public nu, de As BigInteger Public Shared Zero = New BigRat(BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.One), One = New BigRat(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.One) Sub New(bRat As BigRat) nu = bRat.nu : de = bRat.de End Sub Sub New(n As BigInteger, d As BigInteger) If d = BigInteger.Zero Then _ Throw (New Exception(String.Format("tried to set a BigRat with ({0}/{1})", n, d))) Dim bi As BigInteger = BigInteger.GreatestCommonDivisor(n, d) If bi > BigInteger.One Then n /= bi : d /= bi If d < BigInteger.Zero Then n = -n : d = -d nu = n : de = d End Sub Shared Operator -(x As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(-x.nu, x.de) End Operator Shared Operator +(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de + x.de * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator -(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return x + (-y) End Operator Shared Operator *(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator /(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de, x.de * y.nu) End Operator Public Function CompareTo(obj As Object) As Integer Implements IComparable.CompareTo Dim dif As BigRat = New BigRat(nu, de) - obj If dif.nu < BigInteger.Zero Then Return -1 If dif.nu > BigInteger.Zero Then Return 1 Return 0 End Function Shared Operator =(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) = 0 End Operator Shared Operator <>(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) <> 0 End Operator Overrides Function ToString() As String If de = BigInteger.One Then Return nu.ToString Return String.Format("({0}/{1})", nu, de) End Function Shared Function Combine(a As BigRat, b As BigRat) As BigRat Return (a + b) / (BigRat.One - (a * b)) End Function End Class Public Structure Term Dim c As Integer, br As BigRat Sub New(cc As Integer, bigr As BigRat) c = cc : br = bigr End Sub End Structure Module Module1 Function Eval(c As Integer, x As BigRat) As BigRat If c = 1 Then Return x Else If c < 0 Then Return Eval(-c, -x) Dim hc As Integer = c \ 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Eval(hc, x), Eval(c - hc, x)) End Function Function Sum(terms As List(Of Term)) As BigRat If terms.Count = 1 Then Return Eval(terms(0).c, terms(0).br) Dim htc As Integer = terms.Count / 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Sum(terms.Take(htc).ToList), Sum(terms.Skip(htc).ToList)) End Function Function ParseLine(ByVal s As String) As List(Of Term) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : Dim t As String = s.ToLower, p As Integer, x As New Term(1, BigRat.Zero) While t.Contains(" ") : t = t.Replace(" ", "") : End While p = t.IndexOf("pi/4=") : If p < 0 Then _ Console.WriteLine("warning: tan(left side of equation) <> 1") : ParseLine.Add(x) : Exit Function t = t.Substring(p + 5) For Each item As String In t.Split(")") If item.Length > 5 Then If (Not item.Contains("tan") OrElse item.IndexOf("a") < 0 OrElse item.IndexOf("a") > item.IndexOf("tan")) AndAlso Not item.Contains("atn") Then Console.WriteLine("warning: a term is mising a valid arctangent identifier on the right side of the equation: [{0})]", item) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : ParseLine.Add(New Term(1, BigRat.Zero)) : Exit Function End If x.c = 1 : x.br = New BigRat(BigRat.One) p = item.IndexOf("/") : If p > 0 Then x.br.de = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) item = item.Substring(0, p) p = item.IndexOf("(") : If p > 0 Then x.br.nu = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) p = item.IndexOf("a") : If p > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(item.Substring(0, p).Replace("*", ""), x.c) If x.c = 0 Then x.c = 1 If item.Contains("-") AndAlso x.c > 0 Then x.c = -x.c End If ParseLine.Add(x) End If End If End If Next End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim nl As String = vbLf For Each item In ("pi/4 = ATan(1 / 2) + ATan(1/3)" & nl & "pi/4 = 2Atan(1/3) + ATan(1/7)" & nl & "pi/4 = 4ArcTan(1/5) - ATan(1 / 239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 5arctan(1/7) + 2 * atan(3/79)" & nl & "Pi/4 = 5ATan(29/278) + 7*ATan(3/79)" & nl & "pi/4 = atn(1/2) + ATan(1/5) + ATan(1/8)" & nl & "PI/4 = 4ATan(1/5) - Atan(1/70) + ATan(1/99)" & nl & "pi /4 = 5*ATan(1/7) + 4 ATan(1/53) + 2ATan(1/4443)" & nl & "pi / 4 = 6ATan(1/8) + 2arctangent(1/57) + ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/ 4 = 8ATan(1/10) - ATan(1/239) - 4ATan(1/515)" & nl & "pi/4 = 12ATan(1/18) + 8ATan(1/57) - 5ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 16 * ATan(1/21) + 3ATan(1/239) + 4ATan(3/1042)" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/28) + 2ATan(1/443) - 5ATan(1/1393) - 10 ATan( 1 / 11018 )" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/38) + 17ATan(7/601) + 10ATan(7 / 8149)" & nl & "pi/4 = 44ATan(1/57) + 7ATan(1/239) - 12ATan(1/682) + 24ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12944)").Split(nl) Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", If(Sum(ParseLine(item)) = BigRat.One, "Pass", "Fail"), item) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) type mTerm struct { a, n, d int64 } var testCases = [][]mTerm{ {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 3}}, {{2, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 7}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 239}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {2, 3, 79}}, {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 5}, {1, 1, 8}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 70}, {1, 1, 99}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {4, 1, 53}, {2, 1, 4443}}, {{6, 1, 8}, {2, 1, 57}, {1, 1, 239}}, {{8, 1, 10}, {-1, 1, 239}, {-4, 1, 515}}, {{12, 1, 18}, {8, 1, 57}, {-5, 1, 239}}, {{16, 1, 21}, {3, 1, 239}, {4, 3, 1042}}, {{22, 1, 28}, {2, 1, 443}, {-5, 1, 1393}, {-10, 1, 11018}}, {{22, 1, 38}, {17, 7, 601}, {10, 7, 8149}}, {{44, 1, 57}, {7, 1, 239}, {-12, 1, 682}, {24, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12944}}, } func main() { for _, m := range testCases { fmt.Printf("tan %v = %v\n", m, tans(m)) } } var one = big.NewRat(1, 1) func tans(m []mTerm) *big.Rat { if len(m) == 1 { return tanEval(m[0].a, big.NewRat(m[0].n, m[0].d)) } half := len(m) / 2 a := tans(m[:half]) b := tans(m[half:]) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) } func tanEval(coef int64, f *big.Rat) *big.Rat { if coef == 1 { return f } if coef < 0 { r := tanEval(-coef, f) return r.Neg(r) } ca := coef / 2 cb := coef - ca a := tanEval(ca, f) b := tanEval(cb, f) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) }
Change the following VB code into Go without altering its purpose.
Imports System.Numerics Public Class BigRat Implements IComparable Public nu, de As BigInteger Public Shared Zero = New BigRat(BigInteger.Zero, BigInteger.One), One = New BigRat(BigInteger.One, BigInteger.One) Sub New(bRat As BigRat) nu = bRat.nu : de = bRat.de End Sub Sub New(n As BigInteger, d As BigInteger) If d = BigInteger.Zero Then _ Throw (New Exception(String.Format("tried to set a BigRat with ({0}/{1})", n, d))) Dim bi As BigInteger = BigInteger.GreatestCommonDivisor(n, d) If bi > BigInteger.One Then n /= bi : d /= bi If d < BigInteger.Zero Then n = -n : d = -d nu = n : de = d End Sub Shared Operator -(x As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(-x.nu, x.de) End Operator Shared Operator +(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de + x.de * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator -(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return x + (-y) End Operator Shared Operator *(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.nu, x.de * y.de) End Operator Shared Operator /(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As BigRat Return New BigRat(x.nu * y.de, x.de * y.nu) End Operator Public Function CompareTo(obj As Object) As Integer Implements IComparable.CompareTo Dim dif As BigRat = New BigRat(nu, de) - obj If dif.nu < BigInteger.Zero Then Return -1 If dif.nu > BigInteger.Zero Then Return 1 Return 0 End Function Shared Operator =(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) = 0 End Operator Shared Operator <>(x As BigRat, y As BigRat) As Boolean Return x.CompareTo(y) <> 0 End Operator Overrides Function ToString() As String If de = BigInteger.One Then Return nu.ToString Return String.Format("({0}/{1})", nu, de) End Function Shared Function Combine(a As BigRat, b As BigRat) As BigRat Return (a + b) / (BigRat.One - (a * b)) End Function End Class Public Structure Term Dim c As Integer, br As BigRat Sub New(cc As Integer, bigr As BigRat) c = cc : br = bigr End Sub End Structure Module Module1 Function Eval(c As Integer, x As BigRat) As BigRat If c = 1 Then Return x Else If c < 0 Then Return Eval(-c, -x) Dim hc As Integer = c \ 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Eval(hc, x), Eval(c - hc, x)) End Function Function Sum(terms As List(Of Term)) As BigRat If terms.Count = 1 Then Return Eval(terms(0).c, terms(0).br) Dim htc As Integer = terms.Count / 2 Return BigRat.Combine(Sum(terms.Take(htc).ToList), Sum(terms.Skip(htc).ToList)) End Function Function ParseLine(ByVal s As String) As List(Of Term) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : Dim t As String = s.ToLower, p As Integer, x As New Term(1, BigRat.Zero) While t.Contains(" ") : t = t.Replace(" ", "") : End While p = t.IndexOf("pi/4=") : If p < 0 Then _ Console.WriteLine("warning: tan(left side of equation) <> 1") : ParseLine.Add(x) : Exit Function t = t.Substring(p + 5) For Each item As String In t.Split(")") If item.Length > 5 Then If (Not item.Contains("tan") OrElse item.IndexOf("a") < 0 OrElse item.IndexOf("a") > item.IndexOf("tan")) AndAlso Not item.Contains("atn") Then Console.WriteLine("warning: a term is mising a valid arctangent identifier on the right side of the equation: [{0})]", item) ParseLine = New List(Of Term) : ParseLine.Add(New Term(1, BigRat.Zero)) : Exit Function End If x.c = 1 : x.br = New BigRat(BigRat.One) p = item.IndexOf("/") : If p > 0 Then x.br.de = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) item = item.Substring(0, p) p = item.IndexOf("(") : If p > 0 Then x.br.nu = UInt64.Parse(item.Substring(p + 1)) p = item.IndexOf("a") : If p > 0 Then Integer.TryParse(item.Substring(0, p).Replace("*", ""), x.c) If x.c = 0 Then x.c = 1 If item.Contains("-") AndAlso x.c > 0 Then x.c = -x.c End If ParseLine.Add(x) End If End If End If Next End Function Sub Main(ByVal args As String()) Dim nl As String = vbLf For Each item In ("pi/4 = ATan(1 / 2) + ATan(1/3)" & nl & "pi/4 = 2Atan(1/3) + ATan(1/7)" & nl & "pi/4 = 4ArcTan(1/5) - ATan(1 / 239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 5arctan(1/7) + 2 * atan(3/79)" & nl & "Pi/4 = 5ATan(29/278) + 7*ATan(3/79)" & nl & "pi/4 = atn(1/2) + ATan(1/5) + ATan(1/8)" & nl & "PI/4 = 4ATan(1/5) - Atan(1/70) + ATan(1/99)" & nl & "pi /4 = 5*ATan(1/7) + 4 ATan(1/53) + 2ATan(1/4443)" & nl & "pi / 4 = 6ATan(1/8) + 2arctangent(1/57) + ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/ 4 = 8ATan(1/10) - ATan(1/239) - 4ATan(1/515)" & nl & "pi/4 = 12ATan(1/18) + 8ATan(1/57) - 5ATan(1/239)" & nl & "pi/4 = 16 * ATan(1/21) + 3ATan(1/239) + 4ATan(3/1042)" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/28) + 2ATan(1/443) - 5ATan(1/1393) - 10 ATan( 1 / 11018 )" & nl & "pi/4 = 22ATan(1/38) + 17ATan(7/601) + 10ATan(7 / 8149)" & nl & "pi/4 = 44ATan(1/57) + 7ATan(1/239) - 12ATan(1/682) + 24ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12943)" & nl & "pi/4 = 88ATan(1/172) + 51ATan(1/239) + 32ATan(1/682) + 44ATan(1/5357) + 68ATan(1/12944)").Split(nl) Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", If(Sum(ParseLine(item)) = BigRat.One, "Pass", "Fail"), item) Next End Sub End Module
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) type mTerm struct { a, n, d int64 } var testCases = [][]mTerm{ {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 3}}, {{2, 1, 3}, {1, 1, 7}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 239}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {2, 3, 79}}, {{1, 1, 2}, {1, 1, 5}, {1, 1, 8}}, {{4, 1, 5}, {-1, 1, 70}, {1, 1, 99}}, {{5, 1, 7}, {4, 1, 53}, {2, 1, 4443}}, {{6, 1, 8}, {2, 1, 57}, {1, 1, 239}}, {{8, 1, 10}, {-1, 1, 239}, {-4, 1, 515}}, {{12, 1, 18}, {8, 1, 57}, {-5, 1, 239}}, {{16, 1, 21}, {3, 1, 239}, {4, 3, 1042}}, {{22, 1, 28}, {2, 1, 443}, {-5, 1, 1393}, {-10, 1, 11018}}, {{22, 1, 38}, {17, 7, 601}, {10, 7, 8149}}, {{44, 1, 57}, {7, 1, 239}, {-12, 1, 682}, {24, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12943}}, {{88, 1, 172}, {51, 1, 239}, {32, 1, 682}, {44, 1, 5357}, {68, 1, 12944}}, } func main() { for _, m := range testCases { fmt.Printf("tan %v = %v\n", m, tans(m)) } } var one = big.NewRat(1, 1) func tans(m []mTerm) *big.Rat { if len(m) == 1 { return tanEval(m[0].a, big.NewRat(m[0].n, m[0].d)) } half := len(m) / 2 a := tans(m[:half]) b := tans(m[half:]) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) } func tanEval(coef int64, f *big.Rat) *big.Rat { if coef == 1 { return f } if coef < 0 { r := tanEval(-coef, f) return r.Neg(r) } ca := coef / 2 cb := coef - ca a := tanEval(ca, f) b := tanEval(cb, f) r := new(big.Rat) return r.Quo(new(big.Rat).Add(a, b), r.Sub(one, r.Mul(a, b))) }
Translate the given VB code snippet into Go without altering its behavior.
Imports System, Microsoft.VisualBasic.DateAndTime Public Module Module1 Const n As Integer = 5 Dim Board As String Dim Starting As Integer = 1 Dim Target As Integer = 13 Dim Moves As Integer() Dim bi() As Integer Dim ib() As Integer Dim nl As Char = Convert.ToChar(10) Public Function Dou(s As String) As String Dou = "" : Dim b As Boolean = True For Each ch As Char In s If b Then b = ch <> " " If b Then Dou &= ch & " " Else Dou = " " & Dou Next : Dou = Dou.TrimEnd() End Function Public Function Fmt(s As String) As String If s.Length < Board.Length Then Return s Fmt = "" : For i As Integer = 1 To n : Fmt &= Dou(s.Substring(i * n - n, n)) & If(i = n, s.Substring(Board.Length), "") & nl Next End Function Public Function Triangle(n As Integer) As Integer Return (n * (n + 1)) / 2 End Function Public Function Init(s As String, pos As Integer) As String Init = s : Mid(Init, pos, 1) = "0" End Function Public Sub InitIndex() ReDim bi(Triangle(n)), ib(n * n) : Dim j As Integer = 0 For i As Integer = 0 To ib.Length - 1 If i = 0 Then ib(i) = 0 : bi(j) = 0 : j += 1 Else If Board(i - 1) = "1" Then ib(i) = j : bi(j) = i : j += 1 End If Next End Sub Public Function solve(brd As String, pegsLeft As Integer) As String If pegsLeft = 1 Then If Target = 0 Then Return "Completed" If brd(bi(Target) - 1) = "1" Then Return "Completed" Else Return "fail" End If For i = 1 To Board.Length If brd(i - 1) = "1" Then For Each mj In Moves Dim over As Integer = i + mj Dim land As Integer = i + 2 * mj If land >= 1 AndAlso land <= brd.Length _ AndAlso brd(land - 1) = "0" _ AndAlso brd(over - 1) = "1" Then setPegs(brd, "001", i, over, land) Dim Res As String = solve(brd.Substring(0, Board.Length), pegsLeft - 1) If Res.Length <> 4 Then _ Return brd & info(i, over, land) & nl & Res setPegs(brd, "110", i, over, land) End If Next End If Next Return "fail" End Function Function info(frm As Integer, over As Integer, dest As Integer) As String Return " Peg from " & ib(frm).ToString() & " goes to " & ib(dest).ToString() & ", removing peg at " & ib(over).ToString() End Function Sub setPegs(ByRef board As String, pat As String, a As Integer, b As Integer, c As Integer) Mid(board, a, 1) = pat(0) : Mid(board, b, 1) = pat(1) : Mid(board, c, 1) = pat(2) End Sub Sub LimitIt(ByRef x As Integer, lo As Integer, hi As Integer) x = Math.Max(Math.Min(x, hi), lo) End Sub Public Sub Main() Dim t As Integer = Triangle(n) LimitIt(Starting, 1, t) LimitIt(Target, 0, t) Dim stime As Date = Now() Moves = {-n - 1, -n, -1, 1, n, n + 1} Board = New String("1", n * n) For i As Integer = 0 To n - 2 Mid(Board, i * (n + 1) + 2, n - 1 - i) = New String(" ", n - 1 - i) Next InitIndex() Dim B As String = Init(Board, bi(Starting)) Console.WriteLine(Fmt(B & " Starting with peg removed from " & Starting.ToString())) Dim res As String() = solve(B.Substring(0, B.Length), t - 1).Split(nl) Dim ts As String = (Now() - stime).TotalMilliseconds.ToString() & " ms." If res(0).Length = 4 Then If Target = 0 Then Console.WriteLine("Unable to find a solution with last peg left anywhere.") Else Console.WriteLine("Unable to find a solution with last peg left at " & Target.ToString() & ".") End If Console.WriteLine("Computation time: " & ts) Else For Each Sol As String In res : Console.WriteLine(Fmt(Sol)) : Next Console.WriteLine("Computation time to first found solution: " & ts) End If If Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached Then Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module
package main import "fmt" type solution struct{ peg, over, land int } type move struct{ from, to int } var emptyStart = 1 var board [16]bool var jumpMoves = [16][]move{ {}, {{2, 4}, {3, 6}}, {{4, 7}, {5, 9}}, {{5, 8}, {6, 10}}, {{2, 1}, {5, 6}, {7, 11}, {8, 13}}, {{8, 12}, {9, 14}}, {{3, 1}, {5, 4}, {9, 13}, {10, 15}}, {{4, 2}, {8, 9}}, {{5, 3}, {9, 10}}, {{5, 2}, {8, 7}}, {{9, 8}}, {{12, 13}}, {{8, 5}, {13, 14}}, {{8, 4}, {9, 6}, {12, 11}, {14, 15}}, {{9, 5}, {13, 12}}, {{10, 6}, {14, 13}}, } var solutions []solution func initBoard() { for i := 1; i < 16; i++ { board[i] = true } board[emptyStart] = false } func (sol solution) split() (int, int, int) { return sol.peg, sol.over, sol.land } func (mv move) split() (int, int) { return mv.from, mv.to } func drawBoard() { var pegs [16]byte for i := 1; i < 16; i++ { if board[i] { pegs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%X", i)[0] } else { pegs[i] = '-' } } fmt.Printf(" %c\n", pegs[1]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c\n", pegs[2], pegs[3]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c %c\n", pegs[4], pegs[5], pegs[6]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c %c %c\n", pegs[7], pegs[8], pegs[9], pegs[10]) fmt.Printf(" %c %c %c %c %c\n", pegs[11], pegs[12], pegs[13], pegs[14], pegs[15]) } func solved() bool { count := 0 for _, b := range board { if b { count++ } } return count == 1 } func solve() { if solved() { return } for peg := 1; peg < 16; peg++ { if board[peg] { for _, mv := range jumpMoves[peg] { over, land := mv.split() if board[over] && !board[land] { saveBoard := board board[peg] = false board[over] = false board[land] = true solutions = append(solutions, solution{peg, over, land}) solve() if solved() { return } board = saveBoard solutions = solutions[:len(solutions)-1] } } } } } func main() { initBoard() solve() initBoard() drawBoard() fmt.Printf("Starting with peg %X removed\n\n", emptyStart) for _, solution := range solutions { peg, over, land := solution.split() board[peg] = false board[over] = false board[land] = true drawBoard() fmt.Printf("Peg %X jumped over %X to land on %X\n\n", peg, over, land) } }
Generate an equivalent Go version of this VB code.
Public s As String Public t As Integer Function s1() s1 = Len(s) = 12 End Function Function s2() t = 0 For i = 7 To 12 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s2 = t = 3 End Function Function s3() t = 0 For i = 2 To 12 Step 2 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s3 = t = 2 End Function Function s4() s4 = Mid(s, 5, 1) = "0" Or ((Mid(s, 6, 1) = "1" And Mid(s, 7, 1) = "1")) End Function Function s5() s5 = Mid(s, 2, 1) = "0" And Mid(s, 3, 1) = "0" And Mid(s, 4, 1) = "0" End Function Function s6() t = 0 For i = 1 To 12 Step 2 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s6 = t = 4 End Function Function s7() s7 = Mid(s, 2, 1) <> Mid(s, 3, 1) End Function Function s8() s8 = Mid(s, 7, 1) = "0" Or (Mid(s, 5, 1) = "1" And Mid(s, 6, 1) = "1") End Function Function s9() t = 0 For i = 1 To 6 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s9 = t = 3 End Function Function s10() s10 = Mid(s, 11, 1) = "1" And Mid(s, 12, 1) = "1" End Function Function s11() t = 0 For i = 7 To 9 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s11 = t = 1 End Function Function s12() t = 0 For i = 1 To 11 t = t - (Mid(s, i, 1) = "1") Next i s12 = t = 4 End Function Public Sub twelve_statements() For i = 0 To 2 ^ 12 - 1 s = Right(CStr(WorksheetFunction.Dec2Bin(64 + i \ 128)), 5) _ & Right(CStr(WorksheetFunction.Dec2Bin(256 + i Mod 128)), 7) For b = 1 To 12 Select Case b Case 1: If s1 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 2: If s2 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 3: If s3 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 4: If s4 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 5: If s5 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 6: If s6 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 7: If s7 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 8: If s8 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 9: If s9 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 10: If s10 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 11: If s11 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For Case 12: If s12 <> (Mid(s, b, 1) = "1") Then Exit For End Select If b = 12 Then Debug.Print s Next Next End Sub
package main import "fmt" var solution = make(chan int) var nearMiss = make(chan int) var done = make(chan bool) func main() { for i := 0; i < 4096; i++ { go checkPerm(i) } var ms []int for i := 0; i < 4096; { select { case <-done: i++ case s := <-solution: print12("solution", s) case m := <-nearMiss: ms = append(ms, m) } } for _, m := range ms { print12("near miss", m) } } func print12(label string, bits int) { fmt.Print(label, ":") for i := 1; i <= 12; i++ { if bits&1 == 1 { fmt.Print(" ", i) } bits >>= 1 } fmt.Println() } func checkPerm(tz int) { ts := func(n uint) bool { return tz>>(n-1)&1 == 1 } ntrue := func(xs ...uint) int { nt := 0 for _, x := range xs { if ts(x) { nt++ } } return nt } var con bool test := func(statement uint, b bool) { switch { case ts(statement) == b: case con: panic("bail") default: con = true } } defer func() { if x := recover(); x != nil { if msg, ok := x.(string); !ok && msg != "bail" { panic(x) } } done <- true }() test(1, true) test(2, ntrue(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) == 3) test(3, ntrue(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) == 2) test(4, !ts(5) || ts(6) && ts(7)) test(5, !ts(4) && !ts(3) && !ts(2)) test(6, ntrue(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11) == 4) test(7, ts(2) != ts(3)) test(8, !ts(7) || ts(5) && ts(6)) test(9, ntrue(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) == 3) test(10, ts(11) && ts(12)) test(11, ntrue(7, 8, 9) == 1) test(12, ntrue(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) == 4) if con { nearMiss <- tz } else { solution <- tz } }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in Go.
Private Function suffize(number As String, Optional sfractiondigits As String, Optional base As String) As String Dim suffix As String, parts() As String, exponent As String Dim fractiondigits As Integer, nsuffix As Integer, flag As Boolean flag = False fractiondigits = Val(sfractiondigits) suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" number = Replace(number, ",", "", 1) Dim c As Currency Dim sign As Integer If Left(number, 1) = "-" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "-" End If If Left(number, 1) = "+" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "+" End If parts = Split(number, "e") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then exponent = parts(1) parts = Split(number, ".") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then frac = parts(1) If base = "2" Then Dim cnumber As Currency cnumber = Val(number) nsuffix = 0 Dim dnumber As Double If cnumber > 1023 Then cnumber = cnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 dnumber = cnumber Do While dnumber > 1023 dnumber = dnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 Loop number = CStr(dnumber) Else number = CStr(cnumber) End If leadingstring = Int(number) number = Replace(number, ",", "") leading = Len(leadingstring) suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) Else nsuffix = (Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 1) \ 3 If nsuffix < 13 Then suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) leading = (Len(number) - 1) Mod 3 + 1 leadingstring = Left(number, leading) Else flag = True If nsuffix > 32 Then suffix = "googol" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 99 leadingstring = number & frac & String$(Val(exponent) - 100 - Len(frac), "0") Else suffix = "U" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 35 If Val(exponent) > 36 Then leadingstring = number & String$(Val(exponent) - 36, "0") Else leadingstring = Left(number, (Len(number) - 36 + Val(exponent))) End If End If End If End If If fractiondigits > 0 Then If Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits + 1, 1)) >= 5 Then fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits, 1)) + 1) Else fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits) End If Else If Val(Mid(number, leading + 1, 1)) >= 5 And sfractiondigits <> "" And sfractiondigits <> "," Then leadingstring = Mid(number, 1, leading - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading, 1)) + 1) End If End If If flag Then If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = "" End If Else If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = Right(number, Len(number) - leading) End If End If outstring = outstring & leadingstring If Len(fraction) > 0 Then outstring = outstring & "." & fraction End If If base = "2" Then outstring = outstring & suffix & "i" Else outstring = outstring & suffix End If suffize = outstring End Function Sub program() Dim s(10) As String, t As String, f As String, r As String Dim tt() As String, temp As String s(0) = " 87,654,321" s(1) = " -998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3" s(2) = " +112,233 0" s(3) = " 16,777,216 1" s(4) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2" s(5) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2 10" s(6) = " 456,789,100,000,000 5 2" s(7) = " 456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10" s(8) = " +16777216 , 2" s(9) = " 1.2e101" For i = 0 To 9 ReDim tt(0) t = Trim(s(i)) Do temp = t t = Replace(t, " ", " ") Loop Until temp = t tt = Split(t, " ") If UBound(tt) > 0 Then f = tt(1) Else f = "" If UBound(tt) > 1 Then r = tt(2) Else r = "" Debug.Print String$(48, "-") Debug.Print " input number = "; tt(0) Debug.Print " fraction digs = "; f Debug.Print " specified radix = "; r Debug.Print " new number = "; suffize(tt(0), f, r) Next i End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strconv" "strings" ) var suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" var ggl = googol() func googol() *big.Float { g1 := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) g1.SetInt64(10000000000) g := new(big.Float) g.Set(g1) for i := 2; i <= 10; i++ { g.Mul(g, g1) } return g } func suffize(arg string) { fields := strings.Fields(arg) a := fields[0] if a == "" { a = "0" } var places, base int var frac, radix string switch len(fields) { case 1: places = -1 base = 10 case 2: places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) base = 10 frac = strconv.Itoa(places) case 3: if fields[1] == "," { places = 0 frac = "," } else { places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) frac = strconv.Itoa(places) } base, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[2]) if base != 2 && base != 10 { base = 10 } radix = strconv.Itoa(base) } a = strings.Replace(a, ",", "", -1) sign := "" if a[0] == '+' || a[0] == '-' { sign = string(a[0]) a = a[1:] } b := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) d := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) b.SetString(a) g := false if b.Cmp(ggl) >= 0 { g = true } if !g && base == 2 { d.SetUint64(1024) } else if !g && base == 10 { d.SetUint64(1000) } else { d.Set(ggl) } c := 0 for b.Cmp(d) >= 0 && c < 12 { b.Quo(b, d) c++ } var suffix string if !g { suffix = string(suffixes[c]) } else { suffix = "googol" } if base == 2 { suffix += "i" } fmt.Println(" input number =", fields[0]) fmt.Println(" fraction digs =", frac) fmt.Println("specified radix =", radix) fmt.Print(" new number = ") if places >= 0 { fmt.Printf("%s%.*f%s\n", sign, places, b, suffix) } else { fmt.Printf("%s%s%s\n", sign, b.Text('g', 50), suffix) } fmt.Println() } func main() { tests := []string{ "87,654,321", "-998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3", "+112,233 0", "16,777,216 1", "456,789,100,000,000", "456,789,100,000,000 2 10", "456,789,100,000,000 5 2", "456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10", "+16777216 , 2", "1.2e101", "446,835,273,728 1", "1e36", "1e39", } for _, test := range tests { suffize(test) } }
Rewrite the snippet below in Go so it works the same as the original VB code.
Private Function suffize(number As String, Optional sfractiondigits As String, Optional base As String) As String Dim suffix As String, parts() As String, exponent As String Dim fractiondigits As Integer, nsuffix As Integer, flag As Boolean flag = False fractiondigits = Val(sfractiondigits) suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" number = Replace(number, ",", "", 1) Dim c As Currency Dim sign As Integer If Left(number, 1) = "-" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "-" End If If Left(number, 1) = "+" Then number = Right(number, Len(number) - 1) outstring = "+" End If parts = Split(number, "e") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then exponent = parts(1) parts = Split(number, ".") number = parts(0) If UBound(parts) > 0 Then frac = parts(1) If base = "2" Then Dim cnumber As Currency cnumber = Val(number) nsuffix = 0 Dim dnumber As Double If cnumber > 1023 Then cnumber = cnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 dnumber = cnumber Do While dnumber > 1023 dnumber = dnumber / 1024@ nsuffix = nsuffix + 1 Loop number = CStr(dnumber) Else number = CStr(cnumber) End If leadingstring = Int(number) number = Replace(number, ",", "") leading = Len(leadingstring) suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) Else nsuffix = (Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 1) \ 3 If nsuffix < 13 Then suffix = Mid(suffixes, nsuffix + 1, 1) leading = (Len(number) - 1) Mod 3 + 1 leadingstring = Left(number, leading) Else flag = True If nsuffix > 32 Then suffix = "googol" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 99 leadingstring = number & frac & String$(Val(exponent) - 100 - Len(frac), "0") Else suffix = "U" leading = Len(number) + Val(exponent) - 35 If Val(exponent) > 36 Then leadingstring = number & String$(Val(exponent) - 36, "0") Else leadingstring = Left(number, (Len(number) - 36 + Val(exponent))) End If End If End If End If If fractiondigits > 0 Then If Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits + 1, 1)) >= 5 Then fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading + fractiondigits, 1)) + 1) Else fraction = Mid(number, leading + 1, fractiondigits) End If Else If Val(Mid(number, leading + 1, 1)) >= 5 And sfractiondigits <> "" And sfractiondigits <> "," Then leadingstring = Mid(number, 1, leading - 1) & _ CStr(Val(Mid(number, leading, 1)) + 1) End If End If If flag Then If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = "" End If Else If sfractiondigits = "" Or sfractiondigits = "," Then fraction = Right(number, Len(number) - leading) End If End If outstring = outstring & leadingstring If Len(fraction) > 0 Then outstring = outstring & "." & fraction End If If base = "2" Then outstring = outstring & suffix & "i" Else outstring = outstring & suffix End If suffize = outstring End Function Sub program() Dim s(10) As String, t As String, f As String, r As String Dim tt() As String, temp As String s(0) = " 87,654,321" s(1) = " -998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3" s(2) = " +112,233 0" s(3) = " 16,777,216 1" s(4) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2" s(5) = " 456,789,100,000,000 2 10" s(6) = " 456,789,100,000,000 5 2" s(7) = " 456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10" s(8) = " +16777216 , 2" s(9) = " 1.2e101" For i = 0 To 9 ReDim tt(0) t = Trim(s(i)) Do temp = t t = Replace(t, " ", " ") Loop Until temp = t tt = Split(t, " ") If UBound(tt) > 0 Then f = tt(1) Else f = "" If UBound(tt) > 1 Then r = tt(2) Else r = "" Debug.Print String$(48, "-") Debug.Print " input number = "; tt(0) Debug.Print " fraction digs = "; f Debug.Print " specified radix = "; r Debug.Print " new number = "; suffize(tt(0), f, r) Next i End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" "strconv" "strings" ) var suffixes = " KMGTPEZYXWVU" var ggl = googol() func googol() *big.Float { g1 := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) g1.SetInt64(10000000000) g := new(big.Float) g.Set(g1) for i := 2; i <= 10; i++ { g.Mul(g, g1) } return g } func suffize(arg string) { fields := strings.Fields(arg) a := fields[0] if a == "" { a = "0" } var places, base int var frac, radix string switch len(fields) { case 1: places = -1 base = 10 case 2: places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) base = 10 frac = strconv.Itoa(places) case 3: if fields[1] == "," { places = 0 frac = "," } else { places, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[1]) frac = strconv.Itoa(places) } base, _ = strconv.Atoi(fields[2]) if base != 2 && base != 10 { base = 10 } radix = strconv.Itoa(base) } a = strings.Replace(a, ",", "", -1) sign := "" if a[0] == '+' || a[0] == '-' { sign = string(a[0]) a = a[1:] } b := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) d := new(big.Float).SetPrec(500) b.SetString(a) g := false if b.Cmp(ggl) >= 0 { g = true } if !g && base == 2 { d.SetUint64(1024) } else if !g && base == 10 { d.SetUint64(1000) } else { d.Set(ggl) } c := 0 for b.Cmp(d) >= 0 && c < 12 { b.Quo(b, d) c++ } var suffix string if !g { suffix = string(suffixes[c]) } else { suffix = "googol" } if base == 2 { suffix += "i" } fmt.Println(" input number =", fields[0]) fmt.Println(" fraction digs =", frac) fmt.Println("specified radix =", radix) fmt.Print(" new number = ") if places >= 0 { fmt.Printf("%s%.*f%s\n", sign, places, b, suffix) } else { fmt.Printf("%s%s%s\n", sign, b.Text('g', 50), suffix) } fmt.Println() } func main() { tests := []string{ "87,654,321", "-998,877,665,544,332,211,000 3", "+112,233 0", "16,777,216 1", "456,789,100,000,000", "456,789,100,000,000 2 10", "456,789,100,000,000 5 2", "456,789,100,000.000e+00 0 10", "+16777216 , 2", "1.2e101", "446,835,273,728 1", "1e36", "1e39", } for _, test := range tests { suffize(test) } }
Convert this VB snippet to Go and keep its semantics consistent.
Public Sub test() Dim t(2) As Variant t(0) = [{1,2}] t(1) = [{3,4,1}] t(2) = 5 p = [{"Payload#0","Payload#1","Payload#2","Payload#3","Payload#4","Payload#5","Payload#6"}] Dim q(6) As Boolean For i = LBound(t) To UBound(t) If IsArray(t(i)) Then For j = LBound(t(i)) To UBound(t(i)) q(t(i)(j)) = True t(i)(j) = p(t(i)(j) + 1) Next j Else q(t(i)) = True t(i) = p(t(i) + 1) End If Next i For i = LBound(t) To UBound(t) If IsArray(t(i)) Then Debug.Print Join(t(i), ", ") Else Debug.Print t(i) End If Next i For i = LBound(q) To UBound(q) If Not q(i) Then Debug.Print p(i + 1); " is not used" Next i End Sub
package main import ( "fmt" "os" "sort" "strings" "text/template" ) func main() { const t = `[[[{{index .P 1}}, {{index .P 2}}], [{{index .P 3}}, {{index .P 4}}, {{index .P 1}}], {{index .P 5}}]] ` type S struct { P map[int]string } var s S s.P = map[int]string{ 0: "'Payload#0'", 1: "'Payload#1'", 2: "'Payload#2'", 3: "'Payload#3'", 4: "'Payload#4'", 5: "'Payload#5'", 6: "'Payload#6'", } tmpl := template.Must(template.New("").Parse(t)) tmpl.Execute(os.Stdout, s) var unused []int for k, _ := range s.P { if !strings.Contains(t, fmt.Sprintf("{{index .P %d}}", k)) { unused = append(unused, k) } } sort.Ints(unused) fmt.Println("\nThe unused payloads have indices of :", unused) }
Generate an equivalent C++ version of this Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "math" "os" "runtime" ) func main() { _, src, _, _ := runtime.Caller(0) fmt.Println("Source file entropy:", entropy(src)) fmt.Println("Binary file entropy:", entropy(os.Args[0])) } func entropy(file string) float64 { d, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } var f [256]float64 for _, b := range d { f[b]++ } hm := 0. for _, c := range f { if c > 0 { hm += c * math.Log2(c) } } l := float64(len(d)) return math.Log2(l) - hm/l }
#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; string readFile (string path) { string contents; string line; ifstream inFile(path); while (getline (inFile, line)) { contents.append(line); contents.append("\n"); } inFile.close(); return contents; } double entropy (string X) { const int MAXCHAR = 127; int N = X.length(); int count[MAXCHAR]; double count_i; char ch; double sum = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < MAXCHAR; i++) count[i] = 0; for (int pos = 0; pos < N; pos++) { ch = X[pos]; count[(int)ch]++; } for (int n_i = 0; n_i < MAXCHAR; n_i++) { count_i = count[n_i]; if (count_i > 0) sum -= count_i / N * log2(count_i / N); } return sum; } int main () { cout<<entropy(readFile("entropy.cpp")); return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C++ while preserving the original functionality.
package main import ( "fmt" "net" ) func main() { if addrs, err := net.LookupHost("www.kame.net"); err == nil { fmt.Println(addrs) } else { fmt.Println(err) } }
#include <Rcpp.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> using namespace Rcpp ; CharacterVector getNameInfo(std::string fqdn) { struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0; int error; char host[NI_MAXHOST]; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; error = getaddrinfo(fqdn.c_str(), NULL, &hints, &res0); if (error) { return(NA_STRING); } int i = 0 ; for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) { error = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, host, sizeof host, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST); if (!error) { i++ ; } } CharacterVector results(i) ; i = 0; for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) { error = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, host, sizeof host, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST); if (!error) { results[i++] = host ; } } freeaddrinfo(res0); return(results) ; }
Produce a functionally identical C++ code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import "github.com/fogleman/gg" var points []gg.Point const width = 81 func peano(x, y, lg, i1, i2 int) { if lg == 1 { px := float64(width-x) * 10 py := float64(width-y) * 10 points = append(points, gg.Point{px, py}) return } lg /= 3 peano(x+2*i1*lg, y+2*i1*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+(i1-i2+1)*lg, y+(i1+i2)*lg, lg, i1, 1-i2) peano(x+lg, y+lg, lg, i1, 1-i2) peano(x+(i1+i2)*lg, y+(i1-i2+1)*lg, lg, 1-i1, 1-i2) peano(x+2*i2*lg, y+2*(1-i2)*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+(1+i2-i1)*lg, y+(2-i1-i2)*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+2*(1-i1)*lg, y+2*(1-i1)*lg, lg, i1, i2) peano(x+(2-i1-i2)*lg, y+(1+i2-i1)*lg, lg, 1-i1, i2) peano(x+2*(1-i2)*lg, y+2*i2*lg, lg, 1-i1, i2) } func main() { peano(0, 0, width, 0, 0) dc := gg.NewContext(820, 820) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() for _, p := range points { dc.LineTo(p.X, p.Y) } dc.SetRGB(1, 0, 1) dc.SetLineWidth(1) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("peano.png") }
#include <cmath> #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <string> class peano_curve { public: void write(std::ostream& out, int size, int length, int order); private: static std::string rewrite(const std::string& s); void line(std::ostream& out); void execute(std::ostream& out, const std::string& s); double x_; double y_; int angle_; int length_; }; void peano_curve::write(std::ostream& out, int size, int length, int order) { length_ = length; x_ = length; y_ = length; angle_ = 90; out << "<svg xmlns='http: << size << "' height='" << size << "'>\n"; out << "<rect width='100%' height='100%' fill='white'/>\n"; out << "<path stroke-width='1' stroke='black' fill='none' d='"; std::string s = "L"; for (int i = 0; i < order; ++i) s = rewrite(s); execute(out, s); out << "'/>\n</svg>\n"; } std::string peano_curve::rewrite(const std::string& s) { std::string t; for (char c : s) { switch (c) { case 'L': t += "LFRFL-F-RFLFR+F+LFRFL"; break; case 'R': t += "RFLFR+F+LFRFL-F-RFLFR"; break; default: t += c; break; } } return t; } void peano_curve::line(std::ostream& out) { double theta = (3.14159265359 * angle_)/180.0; x_ += length_ * std::cos(theta); y_ += length_ * std::sin(theta); out << " L" << x_ << ',' << y_; } void peano_curve::execute(std::ostream& out, const std::string& s) { out << 'M' << x_ << ',' << y_; for (char c : s) { switch (c) { case 'F': line(out); break; case '+': angle_ = (angle_ + 90) % 360; break; case '-': angle_ = (angle_ - 90) % 360; break; } } } int main() { std::ofstream out("peano_curve.svg"); if (!out) { std::cerr << "Cannot open output file\n"; return 1; } peano_curve pc; pc.write(out, 656, 8, 4); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "math/rand" "time" ) func dice5() int { return rand.Intn(5) + 1 } func dice7() (i int) { for { i = 5*dice5() + dice5() if i < 27 { break } } return (i / 3) - 1 } func distCheck(f func() int, n int, repeats int, delta float64) (max float64, flatEnough bool) { count := make([]int, n) for i := 0; i < repeats; i++ { count[f()-1]++ } expected := float64(repeats) / float64(n) for _, c := range count { max = math.Max(max, math.Abs(float64(c)-expected)) } return max, max < delta } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) const calls = 1000000 max, flatEnough := distCheck(dice7, 7, calls, 500) fmt.Println("Max delta:", max, "Flat enough:", flatEnough) max, flatEnough = distCheck(dice7, 7, calls, 500) fmt.Println("Max delta:", max, "Flat enough:", flatEnough) }
template<typename F> class fivetoseven { public: fivetoseven(F f): d5(f), rem(0), max(1) {} int operator()(); private: F d5; int rem, max; }; template<typename F> int fivetoseven<F>::operator()() { while (rem/7 == max/7) { while (max < 7) { int rand5 = d5()-1; max *= 5; rem = 5*rem + rand5; } int groups = max / 7; if (rem >= 7*groups) { rem -= 7*groups; max -= 7*groups; } } int result = rem % 7; rem /= 7; max /= 7; return result+1; } int d5() { return 5.0*std::rand()/(RAND_MAX + 1.0) + 1; } fivetoseven<int(*)()> d7(d5); int main() { srand(time(0)); test_distribution(d5, 1000000, 0.001); test_distribution(d7, 1000000, 0.001); }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C++.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func main() { p, tests, swaps := Solution() fmt.Println(p) fmt.Println("Tested", tests, "positions and did", swaps, "swaps.") } const conn = ` A B /|\ /|\ / | X | \ / |/ \| \ C - D - E - F \ |\ /| / \ | X | / \|/ \|/ G H` var connections = []struct{ a, b int }{ {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {0, 4}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {6, 2}, {6, 3}, {6, 4}, {7, 3}, {7, 4}, {7, 5}, {2, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, } type pegs [8]int func (p *pegs) Valid() bool { for _, c := range connections { if absdiff(p[c.a], p[c.b]) <= 1 { return false } } return true } func Solution() (p *pegs, tests, swaps int) { var recurse func(int) bool recurse = func(i int) bool { if i >= len(p)-1 { tests++ return p.Valid() } for j := i; j < len(p); j++ { swaps++ p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] if recurse(i + 1) { return true } p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] } return false } p = &pegs{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} recurse(0) return } func (p *pegs) String() string { return strings.Map(func(r rune) rune { if 'A' <= r && r <= 'H' { return rune(p[r-'A'] + '0') } return r }, conn) } func absdiff(a, b int) int { if a > b { return a - b } return b - a }
#include <array> #include <iostream> #include <vector> std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> connections = { {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {0, 4}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {6, 2}, {6, 3}, {6, 4}, {7, 3}, {7, 4}, {7, 5}, {2, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, }; std::array<int, 8> pegs; int num = 0; void printSolution() { std::cout << "----- " << num++ << " -----\n"; std::cout << " " << pegs[0] << ' ' << pegs[1] << '\n'; std::cout << pegs[2] << ' ' << pegs[3] << ' ' << pegs[4] << ' ' << pegs[5] << '\n'; std::cout << " " << pegs[6] << ' ' << pegs[7] << '\n'; std::cout << '\n'; } bool valid() { for (size_t i = 0; i < connections.size(); i++) { if (abs(pegs[connections[i].first] - pegs[connections[i].second]) == 1) { return false; } } return true; } void solution(int le, int ri) { if (le == ri) { if (valid()) { printSolution(); } } else { for (size_t i = le; i <= ri; i++) { std::swap(pegs[le], pegs[i]); solution(le + 1, ri); std::swap(pegs[le], pegs[i]); } } } int main() { pegs = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }; solution(0, pegs.size() - 1); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C++.
package main import "fmt" func isPrime(n uint64) bool { switch { case n < 2: return false case n%2 == 0: return n == 2 case n%3 == 0: return n == 3 default: d := uint64(5) for d*d <= n { if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 2 if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 4 } return true } } func ord(n int) string { m := n % 100 if m >= 4 && m <= 20 { return fmt.Sprintf("%dth", n) } m %= 10 suffix := "th" if m < 4 { switch m { case 1: suffix = "st" case 2: suffix = "nd" case 3: suffix = "rd" } } return fmt.Sprintf("%d%s", n, suffix) } func isMagnanimous(n uint64) bool { if n < 10 { return true } for p := uint64(10); ; p *= 10 { q := n / p r := n % p if !isPrime(q + r) { return false } if q < 10 { break } } return true } func listMags(from, thru, digs, perLine int) { if from < 2 { fmt.Println("\nFirst", thru, "magnanimous numbers:") } else { fmt.Printf("\n%s through %s magnanimous numbers:\n", ord(from), ord(thru)) } for i, c := uint64(0), 0; c < thru; i++ { if isMagnanimous(i) { c++ if c >= from { fmt.Printf("%*d ", digs, i) if c%perLine == 0 { fmt.Println() } } } } } func main() { listMags(1, 45, 3, 15) listMags(241, 250, 1, 10) listMags(391, 400, 1, 10) }
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> bool is_prime(unsigned int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (unsigned int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } bool is_magnanimous(unsigned int n) { for (unsigned int p = 10; n >= p; p *= 10) { if (!is_prime(n % p + n / p)) return false; } return true; } int main() { unsigned int count = 0, n = 0; std::cout << "First 45 magnanimous numbers:\n"; for (; count < 45; ++n) { if (is_magnanimous(n)) { if (count > 0) std::cout << (count % 15 == 0 ? "\n" : ", "); std::cout << std::setw(3) << n; ++count; } } std::cout << "\n\n241st through 250th magnanimous numbers:\n"; for (unsigned int i = 0; count < 250; ++n) { if (is_magnanimous(n)) { if (count++ >= 240) { if (i++ > 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << n; } } } std::cout << "\n\n391st through 400th magnanimous numbers:\n"; for (unsigned int i = 0; count < 400; ++n) { if (is_magnanimous(n)) { if (count++ >= 390) { if (i++ > 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << n; } } } std::cout << '\n'; return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "container/heap" "fmt" ) func main() { p := newP() fmt.Print("First twenty: ") for i := 0; i < 20; i++ { fmt.Print(p(), " ") } fmt.Print("\nBetween 100 and 150: ") n := p() for n <= 100 { n = p() } for ; n < 150; n = p() { fmt.Print(n, " ") } for n <= 7700 { n = p() } c := 0 for ; n < 8000; n = p() { c++ } fmt.Println("\nNumber beween 7,700 and 8,000:", c) p = newP() for i := 1; i < 10000; i++ { p() } fmt.Println("10,000th prime:", p()) } func newP() func() int { n := 1 var pq pQueue top := &pMult{2, 4, 0} return func() int { for { n++ if n < top.pMult { heap.Push(&pq, &pMult{prime: n, pMult: n * n}) top = pq[0] return n } for top.pMult == n { top.pMult += top.prime heap.Fix(&pq, 0) top = pq[0] } } } } type pMult struct { prime int pMult int index int } type pQueue []*pMult func (q pQueue) Len() int { return len(q) } func (q pQueue) Less(i, j int) bool { return q[i].pMult < q[j].pMult } func (q pQueue) Swap(i, j int) { q[i], q[j] = q[j], q[i] q[i].index = i q[j].index = j } func (p *pQueue) Push(x interface{}) { q := *p e := x.(*pMult) e.index = len(q) *p = append(q, e) } func (p *pQueue) Pop() interface{} { q := *p last := len(q) - 1 e := q[last] *p = q[:last] return e }
#include <iostream> #include <cstdint> #include <queue> #include <utility> #include <vector> #include <limits> template<typename integer> class prime_generator { public: integer next_prime(); integer count() const { return count_; } private: struct queue_item { queue_item(integer prime, integer multiple, unsigned int wheel_index) : prime_(prime), multiple_(multiple), wheel_index_(wheel_index) {} integer prime_; integer multiple_; unsigned int wheel_index_; }; struct cmp { bool operator()(const queue_item& a, const queue_item& b) const { return a.multiple_ > b.multiple_; } }; static integer wheel_next(unsigned int& index) { integer offset = wheel_[index]; ++index; if (index == std::size(wheel_)) index = 0; return offset; } typedef std::priority_queue<queue_item, std::vector<queue_item>, cmp> queue; integer next_ = 11; integer count_ = 0; queue queue_; unsigned int wheel_index_ = 0; static const unsigned int wheel_[]; static const integer primes_[]; }; template<typename integer> const unsigned int prime_generator<integer>::wheel_[] = { 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 6, 4, 6, 8, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 10, 2, 10 }; template<typename integer> const integer prime_generator<integer>::primes_[] = { 2, 3, 5, 7 }; template<typename integer> integer prime_generator<integer>::next_prime() { if (count_ < std::size(primes_)) return primes_[count_++]; integer n = next_; integer prev = 0; while (!queue_.empty()) { queue_item item = queue_.top(); if (prev != 0 && prev != item.multiple_) n += wheel_next(wheel_index_); if (item.multiple_ > n) break; else if (item.multiple_ == n) { queue_.pop(); queue_item new_item(item); new_item.multiple_ += new_item.prime_ * wheel_next(new_item.wheel_index_); queue_.push(new_item); } else throw std::overflow_error("prime_generator: overflow!"); prev = item.multiple_; } if (std::numeric_limits<integer>::max()/n > n) queue_.emplace(n, n * n, wheel_index_); next_ = n + wheel_next(wheel_index_); ++count_; return n; } int main() { typedef uint32_t integer; prime_generator<integer> pgen; std::cout << "First 20 primes:\n"; for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) { integer p = pgen.next_prime(); if (i != 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << p; } std::cout << "\nPrimes between 100 and 150:\n"; for (int n = 0; ; ) { integer p = pgen.next_prime(); if (p > 150) break; if (p >= 100) { if (n != 0) std::cout << ", "; std::cout << p; ++n; } } int count = 0; for (;;) { integer p = pgen.next_prime(); if (p > 8000) break; if (p >= 7700) ++count; } std::cout << "\nNumber of primes between 7700 and 8000: " << count << '\n'; for (integer n = 10000; n <= 10000000; n *= 10) { integer prime; while (pgen.count() != n) prime = pgen.next_prime(); std::cout << n << "th prime: " << prime << '\n'; } return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "strings" "time" ) const rps = "rps" var msg = []string{ "Rock breaks scissors", "Paper covers rock", "Scissors cut paper", } func main() { rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) fmt.Println("Rock Paper Scissors") fmt.Println("Enter r, p, or s as your play. Anything else ends the game.") fmt.Println("Running score shown as <your wins>:<my wins>") var pi string var aScore, pScore int sl := 3 pcf := make([]int, 3) var plays int aChoice := rand.Intn(3) for { fmt.Print("Play: ") _, err := fmt.Scanln(&pi) if err != nil || len(pi) != 1 { break } pChoice := strings.Index(rps, pi) if pChoice < 0 { break } pcf[pChoice]++ plays++ fmt.Printf("My play:%s%c. ", strings.Repeat(" ", sl-2), rps[aChoice]) switch (aChoice - pChoice + 3) % 3 { case 0: fmt.Println("Tie.") case 1: fmt.Printf("%s. My point.\n", msg[aChoice]) aScore++ case 2: fmt.Printf("%s. Your point.\n", msg[pChoice]) pScore++ } sl, _ = fmt.Printf("%d:%d ", pScore, aScore) switch rn := rand.Intn(plays); { case rn < pcf[0]: aChoice = 1 case rn < pcf[0]+pcf[1]: aChoice = 2 default: aChoice = 0 } } }
#include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; enum choices { ROCK, SPOCK, PAPER, LIZARD, SCISSORS, MX_C }; enum indexes { PLAYER, COMPUTER, DRAW }; class stats { public: stats() : _draw( 0 ) { ZeroMemory( _moves, sizeof( _moves ) ); ZeroMemory( _win, sizeof( _win ) ); } void draw() { _draw++; } void win( int p ) { _win[p]++; } void move( int p, int m ) { _moves[p][m]++; } int getMove( int p, int m ) { return _moves[p][m]; } string format( int a ) { char t[32]; wsprintf( t, "%.3d", a ); string d( t ); return d; } void print() { string d = format( _draw ), pw = format( _win[PLAYER] ), cw = format( _win[COMPUTER] ), pr = format( _moves[PLAYER][ROCK] ), cr = format( _moves[COMPUTER][ROCK] ), pp = format( _moves[PLAYER][PAPER] ), cp = format( _moves[COMPUTER][PAPER] ), ps = format( _moves[PLAYER][SCISSORS] ), cs = format( _moves[COMPUTER][SCISSORS] ), pl = format( _moves[PLAYER][LIZARD] ), cl = format( _moves[COMPUTER][LIZARD] ), pk = format( _moves[PLAYER][SPOCK] ), ck = format( _moves[COMPUTER][SPOCK] ); system( "cls" ); cout << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+--------+--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << "| | WON | DRAW | ROCK | PAPER | SCISSORS | LIZARD | SPOCK |" << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+--------+--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << "| PLAYER | " << pw << " | | " << pr << " | " << pp << " | " << ps << " | " << pl << " | " << pk << " |" << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+ " << d << " +--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << "| COMPUTER | " << cw << " | | " << cr << " | " << cp << " | " << cs << " | " << cl << " | " << ck << " |" << endl; cout << "+----------+-------+--------+--------+---------+----------+--------+---------+" << endl; cout << endl << endl; system( "pause" ); } private: int _moves[2][MX_C], _win[2], _draw; }; class rps { private: int makeMove() { int total = 0, r, s; for( int i = 0; i < MX_C; total += statistics.getMove( PLAYER, i++ ) ); r = rand() % total; for( int i = ROCK; i < SCISSORS; i++ ) { s = statistics.getMove( PLAYER, i ); if( r < s ) return ( i + 1 ); r -= s; } return ROCK; } void printMove( int p, int m ) { if( p == COMPUTER ) cout << "My move: "; else cout << "Your move: "; switch( m ) { case ROCK: cout << "ROCK\n"; break; case PAPER: cout << "PAPER\n"; break; case SCISSORS: cout << "SCISSORS\n"; break; case LIZARD: cout << "LIZARD\n"; break; case SPOCK: cout << "SPOCK\n"; } } public: rps() { checker[ROCK][ROCK] = 2; checker[ROCK][PAPER] = 1; checker[ROCK][SCISSORS] = 0; checker[ROCK][LIZARD] = 0; checker[ROCK][SPOCK] = 1; checker[PAPER][ROCK] = 0; checker[PAPER][PAPER] = 2; checker[PAPER][SCISSORS] = 1; checker[PAPER][LIZARD] = 1; checker[PAPER][SPOCK] = 0; checker[SCISSORS][ROCK] = 1; checker[SCISSORS][PAPER] = 0; checker[SCISSORS][SCISSORS] = 2; checker[SCISSORS][LIZARD] = 0; checker[SCISSORS][SPOCK] = 1; checker[LIZARD][ROCK] = 1; checker[LIZARD][PAPER] = 0; checker[LIZARD][SCISSORS] = 1; checker[LIZARD][LIZARD] = 2; checker[LIZARD][SPOCK] = 0; checker[SPOCK][ROCK] = 0; checker[SPOCK][PAPER] = 1; checker[SPOCK][SCISSORS] = 0; checker[SPOCK][LIZARD] = 1; checker[SPOCK][SPOCK] = 2; } void play() { int p, r, m; while( true ) { cout << "What is your move (1)ROCK (2)SPOCK (3)PAPER (4)LIZARD (5)SCISSORS (0)Quit ? "; cin >> p; if( !p || p < 0 ) break; if( p > 0 && p < 6 ) { p--; cout << endl; printMove( PLAYER, p ); statistics.move( PLAYER, p ); m = makeMove(); statistics.move( COMPUTER, m ); printMove( COMPUTER, m ); r = checker[p][m]; switch( r ) { case DRAW: cout << endl << "DRAW!" << endl << endl; statistics.draw(); break; case COMPUTER: cout << endl << "I WIN!" << endl << endl; statistics.win( COMPUTER ); break; case PLAYER: cout << endl << "YOU WIN!" << endl << endl; statistics.win( PLAYER ); } system( "pause" ); } system( "cls" ); } statistics.print(); } private: stats statistics; int checker[MX_C][MX_C]; }; int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { srand( GetTickCount() ); rps game; game.play(); return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C++ with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import "fmt" func main() { var row, col int fmt.Print("enter rows cols: ") fmt.Scan(&row, &col) a := make([][]int, row) for i := range a { a[i] = make([]int, col) } fmt.Println("a[0][0] =", a[0][0]) a[row-1][col-1] = 7 fmt.Printf("a[%d][%d] = %d\n", row-1, col-1, a[row-1][col-1]) a = nil }
#include <iostream> int main() { int dim1, dim2; std::cin >> dim1 >> dim2; double* array_data = new double[dim1*dim2]; double** array = new double*[dim1]; for (int i = 0; i < dim1; ++i) array[i] = array_data + dim2*i; array[0][0] = 3.5; std::cout << array[0][0] << std::endl; delete[] array; delete[] array_data; return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C++ and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) func crt(a, n []*big.Int) (*big.Int, error) { p := new(big.Int).Set(n[0]) for _, n1 := range n[1:] { p.Mul(p, n1) } var x, q, s, z big.Int for i, n1 := range n { q.Div(p, n1) z.GCD(nil, &s, n1, &q) if z.Cmp(one) != 0 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d not coprime", n1) } x.Add(&x, s.Mul(a[i], s.Mul(&s, &q))) } return x.Mod(&x, p), nil } func main() { n := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(7), } a := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(2), } fmt.Println(crt(a, n)) }
#include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> #include <execution> template<typename _Ty> _Ty mulInv(_Ty a, _Ty b) { _Ty b0 = b; _Ty x0 = 0; _Ty x1 = 1; if (b == 1) { return 1; } while (a > 1) { _Ty q = a / b; _Ty amb = a % b; a = b; b = amb; _Ty xqx = x1 - q * x0; x1 = x0; x0 = xqx; } if (x1 < 0) { x1 += b0; } return x1; } template<typename _Ty> _Ty chineseRemainder(std::vector<_Ty> n, std::vector<_Ty> a) { _Ty prod = std::reduce(std::execution::seq, n.begin(), n.end(), (_Ty)1, [](_Ty a, _Ty b) { return a * b; }); _Ty sm = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n.size(); i++) { _Ty p = prod / n[i]; sm += a[i] * mulInv(p, n[i]) * p; } return sm % prod; } int main() { vector<int> n = { 3, 5, 7 }; vector<int> a = { 2, 3, 2 }; cout << chineseRemainder(n,a) << endl; return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C++ without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) var one = big.NewInt(1) func crt(a, n []*big.Int) (*big.Int, error) { p := new(big.Int).Set(n[0]) for _, n1 := range n[1:] { p.Mul(p, n1) } var x, q, s, z big.Int for i, n1 := range n { q.Div(p, n1) z.GCD(nil, &s, n1, &q) if z.Cmp(one) != 0 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("%d not coprime", n1) } x.Add(&x, s.Mul(a[i], s.Mul(&s, &q))) } return x.Mod(&x, p), nil } func main() { n := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(7), } a := []*big.Int{ big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3), big.NewInt(2), } fmt.Println(crt(a, n)) }
#include <iostream> #include <numeric> #include <vector> #include <execution> template<typename _Ty> _Ty mulInv(_Ty a, _Ty b) { _Ty b0 = b; _Ty x0 = 0; _Ty x1 = 1; if (b == 1) { return 1; } while (a > 1) { _Ty q = a / b; _Ty amb = a % b; a = b; b = amb; _Ty xqx = x1 - q * x0; x1 = x0; x0 = xqx; } if (x1 < 0) { x1 += b0; } return x1; } template<typename _Ty> _Ty chineseRemainder(std::vector<_Ty> n, std::vector<_Ty> a) { _Ty prod = std::reduce(std::execution::seq, n.begin(), n.end(), (_Ty)1, [](_Ty a, _Ty b) { return a * b; }); _Ty sm = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n.size(); i++) { _Ty p = prod / n[i]; sm += a[i] * mulInv(p, n[i]) * p; } return sm % prod; } int main() { vector<int> n = { 3, 5, 7 }; vector<int> a = { 2, 3, 2 }; cout << chineseRemainder(n,a) << endl; return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C++, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) var encoded = "MOMUD EKAPV TQEFM OEVHP AJMII CDCTI FGYAG JSPXY ALUYM NSMYH" + "VUXJE LEPXJ FXGCM JHKDZ RYICU HYPUS PGIGM OIYHF WHTCQ KMLRD" + "ITLXZ LJFVQ GHOLW CUHLO MDSOE KTALU VYLNZ RFGBX PHVGA LWQIS" + "FGRPH JOOFW GUBYI LAPLA LCAFA AMKLG CETDW VOELJ IKGJB XPHVG" + "ALWQC SNWBU BYHCU HKOCE XJEYK BQKVY KIIEH GRLGH XEOLW AWFOJ" + "ILOVV RHPKD WIHKN ATUHN VRYAQ DIVHX FHRZV QWMWV LGSHN NLVZS" + "JLAKI FHXUF XJLXM TBLQV RXXHR FZXGV LRAJI EXPRV OSMNP KEPDT" + "LPRWM JAZPK LQUZA ALGZX GVLKL GJTUI ITDSU REZXJ ERXZS HMPST" + "MTEOE PAPJH SMFNB YVQUZ AALGA YDNMP AQOWT UHDBV TSMUE UIMVH" + "QGVRW AEFSP EMPVE PKXZY WLKJA GWALT VYYOB YIXOK IHPDS EVLEV" + "RVSGB JOGYW FHKBL GLXYA MVKIS KIEHY IMAPX UOISK PVAGN MZHPW" + "TTZPV XFCCD TUHJH WLAPF YULTB UXJLN SIJVV YOVDJ SOLXG TGRVO" + "SFRII CTMKO JFCQF KTINQ BWVHG TENLH HOGCS PSFPV GJOKM SIFPR" + "ZPAAS ATPTZ FTPPD PORRF TAXZP KALQA WMIUD BWNCT LEFKO ZQDLX" + "BUXJL ASIMR PNMBF ZCYLV WAPVF QRHZV ZGZEF KBYIO OFXYE VOWGB" + "BXVCB XBAWG LQKCM ICRRX MACUO IKHQU AJEGL OIJHH XPVZW JEWBA" + "FWAML ZZRXJ EKAHV FASMU LVVUT TGK" var freq = [26]float64{ 0.08167, 0.01492, 0.02782, 0.04253, 0.12702, 0.02228, 0.02015, 0.06094, 0.06966, 0.00153, 0.00772, 0.04025, 0.02406, 0.06749, 0.07507, 0.01929, 0.00095, 0.05987, 0.06327, 0.09056, 0.02758, 0.00978, 0.02360, 0.00150, 0.01974, 0.00074, } func sum(a []float64) (sum float64) { for _, f := range a { sum += f } return } func bestMatch(a []float64) int { sum := sum(a) bestFit, bestRotate := 1e100, 0 for rotate := 0; rotate < 26; rotate++ { fit := 0.0 for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { d := a[(i+rotate)%26]/sum - freq[i] fit += d * d / freq[i] } if fit < bestFit { bestFit, bestRotate = fit, rotate } } return bestRotate } func freqEveryNth(msg []int, key []byte) float64 { l := len(msg) interval := len(key) out := make([]float64, 26) accu := make([]float64, 26) for j := 0; j < interval; j++ { for k := 0; k < 26; k++ { out[k] = 0.0 } for i := j; i < l; i += interval { out[msg[i]]++ } rot := bestMatch(out) key[j] = byte(rot + 65) for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { accu[i] += out[(i+rot)%26] } } sum := sum(accu) ret := 0.0 for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { d := accu[i]/sum - freq[i] ret += d * d / freq[i] } return ret } func decrypt(text, key string) string { var sb strings.Builder ki := 0 for _, c := range text { if c < 'A' || c > 'Z' { continue } ci := (c - rune(key[ki]) + 26) % 26 sb.WriteRune(ci + 65) ki = (ki + 1) % len(key) } return sb.String() } func main() { enc := strings.Replace(encoded, " ", "", -1) txt := make([]int, len(enc)) for i := 0; i < len(txt); i++ { txt[i] = int(enc[i] - 'A') } bestFit, bestKey := 1e100, "" fmt.Println(" Fit Length Key") for j := 1; j <= 26; j++ { key := make([]byte, j) fit := freqEveryNth(txt, key) sKey := string(key) fmt.Printf("%f %2d %s", fit, j, sKey) if fit < bestFit { bestFit, bestKey = fit, sKey fmt.Print(" <--- best so far") } fmt.Println() } fmt.Println("\nBest key :", bestKey) fmt.Printf("\nDecrypted text:\n%s\n", decrypt(enc, bestKey)) }
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <map> #include <algorithm> #include <array> using namespace std; typedef array<pair<char, double>, 26> FreqArray; class VigenereAnalyser { private: array<double, 26> targets; array<double, 26> sortedTargets; FreqArray freq; FreqArray& frequency(const string& input) { for (char c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; ++c) freq[c - 'A'] = make_pair(c, 0); for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) freq[input[i] - 'A'].second++; return freq; } double correlation(const string& input) { double result = 0.0; frequency(input); sort(freq.begin(), freq.end(), [](pair<char, double> u, pair<char, double> v)->bool { return u.second < v.second; }); for (size_t i = 0; i < 26; ++i) result += freq[i].second * sortedTargets[i]; return result; } public: VigenereAnalyser(const array<double, 26>& targetFreqs) { targets = targetFreqs; sortedTargets = targets; sort(sortedTargets.begin(), sortedTargets.end()); } pair<string, string> analyze(string input) { string cleaned; for (size_t i = 0; i < input.size(); ++i) { if (input[i] >= 'A' && input[i] <= 'Z') cleaned += input[i]; else if (input[i] >= 'a' && input[i] <= 'z') cleaned += input[i] + 'A' - 'a'; } size_t bestLength = 0; double bestCorr = -100.0; for (size_t i = 2; i < cleaned.size() / 20; ++i) { vector<string> pieces(i); for (size_t j = 0; j < cleaned.size(); ++j) pieces[j % i] += cleaned[j]; double corr = -0.5*i; for (size_t j = 0; j < i; ++j) corr += correlation(pieces[j]); if (corr > bestCorr) { bestLength = i; bestCorr = corr; } } if (bestLength == 0) return make_pair("Text is too short to analyze", ""); vector<string> pieces(bestLength); for (size_t i = 0; i < cleaned.size(); ++i) pieces[i % bestLength] += cleaned[i]; vector<FreqArray> freqs; for (size_t i = 0; i < bestLength; ++i) freqs.push_back(frequency(pieces[i])); string key = ""; for (size_t i = 0; i < bestLength; ++i) { sort(freqs[i].begin(), freqs[i].end(), [](pair<char, double> u, pair<char, double> v)->bool { return u.second > v.second; }); size_t m = 0; double mCorr = 0.0; for (size_t j = 0; j < 26; ++j) { double corr = 0.0; char c = 'A' + j; for (size_t k = 0; k < 26; ++k) { int d = (freqs[i][k].first - c + 26) % 26; corr += freqs[i][k].second * targets[d]; } if (corr > mCorr) { m = j; mCorr = corr; } } key += m + 'A'; } string result = ""; for (size_t i = 0; i < cleaned.size(); ++i) result += (cleaned[i] - key[i % key.length()] + 26) % 26 + 'A'; return make_pair(result, key); } }; int main() { string input = "MOMUD EKAPV TQEFM OEVHP AJMII CDCTI FGYAG JSPXY ALUYM NSMYH" "VUXJE LEPXJ FXGCM JHKDZ RYICU HYPUS PGIGM OIYHF WHTCQ KMLRD" "ITLXZ LJFVQ GHOLW CUHLO MDSOE KTALU VYLNZ RFGBX PHVGA LWQIS" "FGRPH JOOFW GUBYI LAPLA LCAFA AMKLG CETDW VOELJ IKGJB XPHVG" "ALWQC SNWBU BYHCU HKOCE XJEYK BQKVY KIIEH GRLGH XEOLW AWFOJ" "ILOVV RHPKD WIHKN ATUHN VRYAQ DIVHX FHRZV QWMWV LGSHN NLVZS" "JLAKI FHXUF XJLXM TBLQV RXXHR FZXGV LRAJI EXPRV OSMNP KEPDT" "LPRWM JAZPK LQUZA ALGZX GVLKL GJTUI ITDSU REZXJ ERXZS HMPST" "MTEOE PAPJH SMFNB YVQUZ AALGA YDNMP AQOWT UHDBV TSMUE UIMVH" "QGVRW AEFSP EMPVE PKXZY WLKJA GWALT VYYOB YIXOK IHPDS EVLEV" "RVSGB JOGYW FHKBL GLXYA MVKIS KIEHY IMAPX UOISK PVAGN MZHPW" "TTZPV XFCCD TUHJH WLAPF YULTB UXJLN SIJVV YOVDJ SOLXG TGRVO" "SFRII CTMKO JFCQF KTINQ BWVHG TENLH HOGCS PSFPV GJOKM SIFPR" "ZPAAS ATPTZ FTPPD PORRF TAXZP KALQA WMIUD BWNCT LEFKO ZQDLX" "BUXJL ASIMR PNMBF ZCYLV WAPVF QRHZV ZGZEF KBYIO OFXYE VOWGB" "BXVCB XBAWG LQKCM ICRRX MACUO IKHQU AJEGL OIJHH XPVZW JEWBA" "FWAML ZZRXJ EKAHV FASMU LVVUT TGK"; array<double, 26> english = { 0.08167, 0.01492, 0.02782, 0.04253, 0.12702, 0.02228, 0.02015, 0.06094, 0.06966, 0.00153, 0.00772, 0.04025, 0.02406, 0.06749, 0.07507, 0.01929, 0.00095, 0.05987, 0.06327, 0.09056, 0.02758, 0.00978, 0.02360, 0.00150, 0.01974, 0.00074}; VigenereAnalyser va(english); pair<string, string> output = va.analyze(input); cout << "Key: " << output.second << endl << endl; cout << "Text: " << output.first << endl; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C++, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) type lft struct { q,r,s,t big.Int } func (t *lft) extr(x *big.Int) *big.Rat { var n, d big.Int var r big.Rat return r.SetFrac( n.Add(n.Mul(&t.q, x), &t.r), d.Add(d.Mul(&t.s, x), &t.t)) } var three = big.NewInt(3) var four = big.NewInt(4) func (t *lft) next() *big.Int { r := t.extr(three) var f big.Int return f.Div(r.Num(), r.Denom()) } func (t *lft) safe(n *big.Int) bool { r := t.extr(four) var f big.Int if n.Cmp(f.Div(r.Num(), r.Denom())) == 0 { return true } return false } func (t *lft) comp(u *lft) *lft { var r lft var a, b big.Int r.q.Add(a.Mul(&t.q, &u.q), b.Mul(&t.r, &u.s)) r.r.Add(a.Mul(&t.q, &u.r), b.Mul(&t.r, &u.t)) r.s.Add(a.Mul(&t.s, &u.q), b.Mul(&t.t, &u.s)) r.t.Add(a.Mul(&t.s, &u.r), b.Mul(&t.t, &u.t)) return &r } func (t *lft) prod(n *big.Int) *lft { var r lft r.q.SetInt64(10) r.r.Mul(r.r.SetInt64(-10), n) r.t.SetInt64(1) return r.comp(t) } func main() { z := new(lft) z.q.SetInt64(1) z.t.SetInt64(1) var k int64 lfts := func() *lft { k++ r := new(lft) r.q.SetInt64(k) r.r.SetInt64(4*k+2) r.t.SetInt64(2*k+1) return r } for { y := z.next() if z.safe(y) { fmt.Print(y) z = z.prod(y) } else { z = z.comp(lfts()) } } }
#include <iostream> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp> using namespace boost::multiprecision; class Gospers { cpp_int q, r, t, i, n; public: Gospers() : q{1}, r{0}, t{1}, i{1} { ++*this; } Gospers& operator++() { n = (q*(27*i-12)+5*r) / (5*t); while(n != (q*(675*i-216)+125*r)/(125*t)) { r = 3*(3*i+1)*(3*i+2)*((5*i-2)*q+r); q = i*(2*i-1)*q; t = 3*(3*i+1)*(3*i+2)*t; i++; n = (q*(27*i-12)+5*r) / (5*t); } q = 10*q; r = 10*r-10*n*t; return *this; } int operator*() { return (int)n; } }; int main() { Gospers g; std::cout << *g << "."; for(;;) { std::cout << *++g; } }
Rewrite this program in C++ while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import "fmt" var m map[int]int func initMap() { m = make(map[int]int) m[1] = 1 m[2] = 1 } func q(n int) (r int) { if r = m[n]; r == 0 { r = q(n-q(n-1)) + q(n-q(n-2)) m[n] = r } return } func main() { initMap() for n := 1; n <= 10; n++ { showQ(n) } showQ(1000) count, p := 0, 1 for n := 2; n <= 1e5; n++ { qn := q(n) if qn < p { count++ } p = qn } fmt.Println("count:", count) initMap() showQ(1e6) } func showQ(n int) { fmt.Printf("Q(%d) = %d\n", n, q(n)) }
#include <iostream> int main() { const int size = 100000; int hofstadters[size] = { 1, 1 }; for (int i = 3 ; i < size; i++) hofstadters[ i - 1 ] = hofstadters[ i - 1 - hofstadters[ i - 1 - 1 ]] + hofstadters[ i - 1 - hofstadters[ i - 2 - 1 ]]; std::cout << "The first 10 numbers are: "; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) std::cout << hofstadters[ i ] << ' '; std::cout << std::endl << "The 1000'th term is " << hofstadters[ 999 ] << " !" << std::endl; int less_than_preceding = 0; for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) if (hofstadters[ i + 1 ] < hofstadters[ i ]) less_than_preceding++; std::cout << "In array of size: " << size << ", "; std::cout << less_than_preceding << " times a number was preceded by a greater number!" << std::endl; return 0; }