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1,121 | While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compa... | [
{
"answer": "the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\"",
"question": "During his search for enlightenment, Gautama combined what teachings?"
},
{
"answer": "one without egotism",
"question": "What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama?"... |
1,122 | An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions: | [
{
"answer": "prior to his enlightenment",
"question": "When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way?"
},
{
"answer": "the Middle Way",
"question": "An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?"
},
{
"answer": "enlightenment",
"question": "Guatama discovered the midd... |
1,123 | Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. | [
{
"answer": "Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism",
"question": "What are some of the theories and philosophies produced by Buddhist scholars?"
},
{
"answer": "Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.",
"question": "Does Bu... |
1,124 | The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is libe... | [
{
"answer": "liberation",
"question": "What is the goal of the Buddhist path?"
},
{
"answer": "suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)",
"question": "Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from?"
},
{
"answer": "nirvāṇa",
"que... |
1,125 | Impermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Everything is in cons... | [
{
"answer": "all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent",
"question": "What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss",
"ques... |
1,126 | Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Although the term is... | [
{
"answer": "suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration",
"question": "The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms?"
},
{
"answer": "disquietude",
"question": "Dukkha is often translated as sufferi... |
1,127 | Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffe... | [
{
"answer": "Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman)",
"question": "What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "suffering",
"question": "The Buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions \"I have a Self\" and \"I have no Self\" as views that bind one to what?"
},
{
... |
1,128 | The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent... | [
{
"answer": "pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起)",
"question": "What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect?"
},
{
"answer": "\"de... |
1,129 | The best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli "nidāna" meaning "cause, foundation, source or origin"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10] | [
{
"answer": "the scheme of Twelve Nidānas",
"question": "What is the most common application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda?"
},
{
"answer": "the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.",
"question": "What does the scheme of Twelve Nidānas explain?"
},
{
... |
1,130 | The Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next: | [
{
"answer": "The Twelve Nidānas",
"question": "What describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence?"
},
{
"answer": "The Twelve Nidānas",
"question": "What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance?"
}
] |
1,131 | Sentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others. | [
{
"answer": "by attaining Nirvana",
"question": "How are sentient beings freed from suffering?"
},
{
"answer": "ignorance",
"question": "What is the first Nidāna?"
},
{
"answer": "the absence of the others",
"question": "The absence of ignorance leads to what?"
},
{
"answer":... |
1,133 | Sarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents of Yogacara asser... | [
{
"answer": "Sarvastivada teachings",
"question": "What teaching were criticized by Nagarjuna?"
},
{
"answer": "Vasubandhu and Asanga",
"question": "What scholars reformed Sarvastivada teachings?"
},
{
"answer": "cittamatra",
"question": "What is the doctrine that says that the mind ... |
1,135 | Nirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: "Nibbāna") means "cessation", "extinction" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (saṃsāra)), "extinguished", "quieted", "calmed"; it is also known as "Awakening" or "Enlightenment" in the West. The term for anybody who has achieved nirvana, incl... | [
{
"answer": "Nirvana",
"question": "What term means cessation?"
},
{
"answer": "nirvana",
"question": "What term means awakening?"
},
{
"answer": "arahant",
"question": "What is the term for someone who has achieved nirvana?"
}
] |
1,136 | Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means "awakening", but it is more commonly translated into English as "enlightenment". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to des... | [
{
"answer": "Bodhi",
"question": "What is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants?"
},
{
"answer": "nirvana",
"question": "In early Buddhism Bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word?"
},
{
"answer": "raga",
"question": "What is the term for greed or cravin... |
1,137 | Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning a... | [
{
"answer": "bodhisattva",
"question": "What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion?"
},
{
"answer": "a buddha",
"question": "If bodhi is attained what do you become?"
},
{
"answer": "nirvana",
"question": "In theravada buddhism, bodhi and what term have the same mean... |
1,138 | The term parinirvana is also encountered in Buddhism, and this generally refers to the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at the moment of death, when the physical body expires. | [
{
"answer": "parinirvana",
"question": "What term is used for the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at death?"
}
] |
1,139 | According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life. | [
{
"answer": "a Buddha",
"question": "Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance?"
},
{
"answer": "Samsara",
"question": "A Buddha is no longer bound by what?"
},
{
"answer": "suffering",
"question": "What do unawake... |
1,140 | Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands... | [
{
"answer": "28",
"question": "How many Buddhas are considered to have existed in the Pali Canon?"
},
{
"answer": "Maitreya",
"question": "A Theravada and Mahayana belief is that the next Buddha will be one named what?"
},
{
"answer": "celestial",
"question": "Mahayana has many Buddh... |
1,141 | In Theravada doctrine, a person may awaken from the "sleep of ignorance" by directly realizing the true nature of reality; such people are called arahants and occasionally buddhas. After numerous lifetimes of spiritual striving, they have reached the end of the cycle of rebirth, no longer reincarnating as human, animal... | [
{
"answer": "reality",
"question": "A person can awaken from the \"sleep of ignorance\" by acknowledging the true nature of what?"
},
{
"answer": "arahants",
"question": "At the end of the cycle of rebirth a person is called what?"
}
] |
1,142 | Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. | [
{
"answer": "Bodhi",
"question": "Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning?"
},
{
"answer": "anagami",
"question": "What is the term for extinction of only hatred and greed, with residue of delusion?"
}
] |
1,143 | In the Mahayana, the Buddha tends not to be viewed as merely human, but as the earthly projection of a beginningless and endless, omnipresent being (see Dharmakaya) beyond the range and reach of thought. Moreover, in certain Mahayana sutras, the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha are viewed essentially as One: all three are see... | [
{
"answer": "Buddha",
"question": "In the Mahayana, who is thought to be an omnipresent being?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddha",
"question": "Who is thought to be beyond the range and reach of thought?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahayana",
"question": "In what sutras are the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha... |
1,144 | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | [
{
"answer": "existence",
"question": "Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, as he is living in other planes of what?"
},
{
"answer": "monks",
"question": "Who is permitted to offer \"new truths\" based on Buddhas input?"
},
{
"answer": "śūnyatā",
"question": "What is the term for th... |
1,145 |
The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orienta... | [
{
"answer": "Pure Land",
"question": "What is characterized by the deep truts in the \"other-power\" of Amitabha Buddha"
},
{
"answer": "Pure Land",
"question": "What is perhaps the most faith-oriented for of Buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "Amitabha",
"question": "What Buddha vowed to res... |
1,146 | Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the know... | [
{
"answer": "Gautama Buddha",
"question": "Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first?"
},
{
"answer": "A Buddha era",
"question": "What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
1,147 | In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as "world realm", ... | [
{
"answer": "Mahayana Buddhists",
"question": "Who believes there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes?"
},
{
"answer": "Theravada",
"question": "What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras?"
}
] |
1,148 | The idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to rely on the power of Amitābha. | [
{
"answer": "Pure Land",
"question": "What form of Buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path?"
}
] |
1,149 | Bodhisattva means "enlightenment being", and generally refers to one who is on the path to buddhahood. Traditionally, a bodhisattva is anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Theravada Buddhism primaril... | [
{
"answer": "enlightenment being",
"question": "What does Bodhisattva mean?"
},
{
"answer": "bodhicitta",
"question": "What is the term for the spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings?"
}
] |
1,150 | According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as h... | [
{
"answer": "Mahayana",
"question": "What term means \"great vehicle\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahayana",
"question": "What is an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayana?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahayana",
"question": "The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type?"
}
] |
1,151 | Mahayana Buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas and to take the bodhisattva vow, where the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six pāramitās. According to Mahayana teachings, these perfections are: dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā. | [
{
"answer": "Mahayana",
"question": "What buddhism encourages everyone to become bodhisattvas?"
},
{
"answer": "bodhisattva vow",
"question": "What is the idea there the practitioner promises to work for the complete enlightenment of all beings by practicing the six paramitas?"
},
{
"ans... |
1,152 | A famous saying by the 8th-century Indian Buddhist scholar-saint Shantideva, which the 14th Dalai Lama often cites as his favourite verse, summarizes the Bodhisattva's intention (Bodhicitta) as follows: "For as long as space endures, and for as long as living beings remain, until then may I too abide to dispel the mise... | [
{
"answer": "the 14th Dalai Lama",
"question": "Which Dalai Lama cites Shantideva's famous saying?"
}
] |
1,153 | Devotion is an important part of the practice of most Buddhists. Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting. In Pure Land Buddhism, devotion to the Buddha Amitabha is the main practice. In Nichiren Buddhism, devotion to the Lotus Sutra is the main practice. | [
{
"answer": "Buddhists",
"question": "Devotion is an important part of the practice of most what?"
},
{
"answer": "bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting",
"question": "What are the devotional practices?"
}
] |
1,154 | Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The diffe... | [
{
"answer": "meditative",
"question": "Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption?"
},
{
"answer": "the Buddha",
"question": "The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?"
},
{
"answer": "Brahminic",
"question": "The difference between ... |
1,155 | Meditation was an aspect of the practice of the yogis in the centuries preceding the Buddha. The Buddha built upon the yogis' concern with introspection and developed their meditative techniques, but rejected their theories of liberation. In Buddhism, mindfulness and clear awareness are to be developed at all times; in... | [
{
"answer": "the yogis",
"question": "Meditation was an aspect of the practice of who?"
},
{
"answer": "mindfulness and clear awareness",
"question": "In Buddhism, what must be developed at all times?"
}
] |
1,156 | Religious knowledge or "vision" was indicated as a result of practice both within and outside of the Buddhist fold. According to the Samaññaphala Sutta, this sort of vision arose for the Buddhist adept as a result of the perfection of "meditation" coupled with the perfection of "discipline" (Pali sīla; Skt. śīla). Some... | [
{
"answer": "vision",
"question": "Religious knowledge is also known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "meditative",
"question": "What type of techniques were shared with other traditions of his day?"
},
{
"answer": "transcendent wisdom",
"question": "There is an idea where ethics are causall... |
1,157 | The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liber... | [
{
"answer": "Buddhist texts",
"question": "What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddhist texts",
"question": "What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha?"
},
{
"answer": "Upanishads",
"question": "What two items were ... |
1,158 | While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as record... | [
{
"answer": "meditation",
"question": "In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what?"
},
{
"answer": "contemplative",
"question": "The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition?"
},
{
"answer": "Nasadiya Sukta",
"question": "What contains evidence fo... |
1,159 | Traditionally, the first step in most Buddhist schools requires taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Sanskrit: tri-ratna, Pāli: ti-ratana)[web 19] as the foundation of one's religious practice. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most... | [
{
"answer": "the Three Jewels",
"question": "What is the first step in a school of Buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "Majjhima Nikaya",
"question": "What mentions taking refuge on behalf of young or unborn children?"
},
{
"answer": "Tibetan",
"question": "What type of Buddhism adds a fourth ... |
1,160 | According to the scriptures, Gautama Buddha presented himself as a model. The Dharma offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering and the attainment of Nirvana. The Sangha is considered to provide a refuge by preserving the authentic teachings of the Buddha and providing further examples tha... | [
{
"answer": "Gautama Buddha",
"question": "Who presented himself as a model?"
},
{
"answer": "Dharma",
"question": "What offers a refuge by providing guidelines for the alleviation of suffering?"
},
{
"answer": "Sangha",
"question": "What provides refuge by preserving the authentic t... |
1,161 | Śīla (Sanskrit) or sīla (Pāli) is usually translated into English as "virtuous behavior", "morality", "moral discipline", "ethics" or "precept". It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort. It is one of the three practices (sīla, samādhi, and paññā) and the second pār... | [
{
"answer": "Śīla",
"question": "What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort?"
},
{
"answer": "pāramitā",
"question": "Sila is the second what?"
}
] |
1,162 | Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as cau... | [
{
"answer": "keeping the precepts",
"question": "What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance?"
},
{
"answer": "Śīla",
"question": "What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana?"
},
{
"answer": "keeping the precepts",
"question": "What promotes not only the pea... |
1,163 | Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay people generally undertake to live by the five pre... | [
{
"answer": "overall principles of ethical behavior",
"question": "What does sila refer to?"
},
{
"answer": "precepts",
"question": "Lay people tend to live by the five what?"
},
{
"answer": "asceticism.",
"question": "Schools can undertake eight precepts, which add basic what?"
}
... |
1,164 | The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no furt... | [
{
"answer": "training rules",
"question": "Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what?"
},
{
"answer": "ethical",
"question": "The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness?"
},
{
"answer": "lower",
"question": "Even if there is no further Buddhist p... |
1,165 | In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are: | [
{
"answer": "third",
"question": "Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct?"
},
{
"answer": "a precept of celibacy",
"question": "What is the third strict precept on sexual misconduct?"
}
] |
1,166 | The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added: | [
{
"answer": "ten",
"question": "How many precepts are on the list?"
},
{
"answer": "seventh",
"question": "In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two?"
}
] |
1,167 | Vinaya is the specific moral code for monks and nuns. It includes the Patimokkha, a set of 227 rules for monks in the Theravadin recension. The precise content of the vinayapitaka (scriptures on Vinaya) differs slightly according to different schools, and different schools or subschools set different standards for the ... | [
{
"answer": "the ten precepts",
"question": "How many basic precepts are there for monastics?"
},
{
"answer": "vinaya",
"question": "What is the specific moral code for monks and nuns?"
},
{
"answer": "227",
"question": "How many rules dows the patimokkha have?"
},
{
"answer"... |
1,168 | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto thems... | [
{
"answer": "counts",
"question": "Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what?"
},
{
"answer": "life",
"question": "The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what?"
},
{
"answer": "higher attainments",
"question": "The ... |
1,169 | In Eastern Buddhism, there is also a distinctive Vinaya and ethics contained within the Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra (not to be confused with the Pali text of that name) for Bodhisattvas, where, for example, the eating of meat is frowned upon and vegetarianism is actively encouraged (see vegetarianism in Buddhism). In Jap... | [
{
"answer": "Mahayana Brahmajala",
"question": "Distinctive Vinaya and ethics are contained within what sutra?"
},
{
"answer": "meat",
"question": "Bodhisattvas are not encouraged to eat what?"
},
{
"answer": "Japan",
"question": "Where is the monastic vinaya displaced and clergy is ... |
1,170 | Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: śamatha) and vipassanā meditation (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). In Chinese Buddhism,... | [
{
"answer": "Zen",
"question": "In Chinese Buddhism what meditation is more popular?"
},
{
"answer": "jhānas",
"question": "Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?"
}
] |
1,171 | In the language of the Noble Eightfold Path, samyaksamādhi is "right concentration". The primary means of cultivating samādhi is meditation. Upon development of samādhi, one's mind becomes purified of defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous. | [
{
"answer": "right concentration",
"question": "What does the word samyaksamadhi mean?"
},
{
"answer": "samādhi",
"question": "Meditation is the primary means of cultivating what?"
},
{
"answer": "defilement, calm, tranquil, and luminous",
"question": "Upon development of samadhi, a ... |
1,172 | Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is ... | [
{
"answer": "jhāna",
"question": "What is powerful concentration called?"
},
{
"answer": "vipassanā",
"question": "What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight?"
},
{
"answer": "insight",
"question": "Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede ... |
1,173 | Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or idea, which is expanded to one's body, mind and entire surroundings, leading to a state of total concentration and tranquility (jhāna). There are many variations in the style of meditation, from sitting cross-legged or kneeling to chanting or walking. The mos... | [
{
"answer": "idea",
"question": "Samatha meditation starts from being mindful of an object or what?"
},
{
"answer": "jhāna",
"question": "What is the term for tranquility?"
}
] |
1,174 | In Buddhist practice, it is said that while samatha meditation can calm the mind, only vipassanā meditation can reveal how the mind was disturbed to start with, which is what leads to insight knowledge (jñāna; Pāli ñāṇa) and understanding (prajñā Pāli paññā), and thus can lead to nirvāṇa (Pāli nibbāna). When one is in ... | [
{
"answer": "mind",
"question": "In Buddhism, samatha meditation can calm the what?"
},
{
"answer": "disturbed",
"question": "Vipassana meditation can reveal how the mind was what?"
},
{
"answer": "jñāna",
"question": "What is the term for insight knowledge?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
1,175 | In Theravāda Buddhism, the cause of human existence and suffering is identified as craving, which carries with it the various defilements. These various defilements are traditionally summed up as greed, hatred and delusion. These are believed deeply rooted afflictions of the mind that create suffering and stress. To be... | [
{
"answer": "craving",
"question": "In Theravada Buddhism, what is the cause of human existence and suffering?"
},
{
"answer": "defilements",
"question": "What does craving carry with it?"
},
{
"answer": "suffering and stress",
"question": "Deeply rooted afflictions of the mind creat... |
1,176 | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | [
{
"answer": "Four",
"question": "How many Noble Truths are there?"
},
{
"answer": "bodhi",
"question": "Prajna is the wisom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about what?"
},
{
"answer": "Prajñā",
"question": "What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the maha... |
1,177 | Initially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's t... | [
{
"answer": "sermons",
"question": "Initially prajna is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to what?"
},
{
"answer": "at any point",
"question": "In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice?"
},
{
"answer": "conceptual understanding",
"question": "What can ... |
1,178 | Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other ... | [
{
"answer": "seon",
"question": "Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea?"
},
{
"answer": "Zen",
"question": "What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation?"
},
{
"answer": "Zen",
"question": "What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?"
},
{
"answer"... |
1,179 | Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or "just sitting".[note 13] | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools?"
},
{
"answer": "Rinzai",
"question": "Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs?"
}
] |
1,180 | Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcend... | [
{
"answer": "Zen",
"question": "What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox?"
},
{
"answer": "True Self",
"question": "What type of self is equated with the Buddha?"
},
{
"answer": "Thinking and thought",
"question": "What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself?"
}
] |
1,181 | Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical technique... | [
{
"answer": "Mahayana",
"question": "What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?"
},
{
"answer": "Diamond Vehicle",
"question": "What is the English term for Vajrayana?"
},
{
"answer": "Tantric",
"question": "What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative pract... |
1,182 | Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new asc... | [
{
"answer": "second half of the first millennium BCE",
"question": "What time period was the beginning of Buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "the shramanas",
"question": "Scholars believe that karma originated in what?"
},
{
"answer": "shramanas",
"question": "What groups broke with Brahmanic... |
1,183 | This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic t... | [
{
"answer": "Greater Magadha",
"question": "Buddhism arose in what area?"
},
{
"answer": "Rajagrha",
"question": "Greater magadha stretched from Sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east?"
},
{
"answer": "2nd or 3rd centuries",
"question": "What time period did the ea... |
1,185 | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eye... | [
{
"answer": "Vedic animal sacrifice",
"question": "A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was?"
},
{
"answer": "hymn of the cosmic man",
"question": "The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic?"
},
{
"answer": "animal sacrifices",
"question": "The original Veda of the rishis ... |
1,186 | Information of the oldest teachings may be obtained by analysis of the oldest texts. One method to obtain information on the oldest core of Buddhism is to compare the oldest extant versions of the Theravadin Pali Canon and other texts.[note 27] The reliability of these sources, and the possibility to draw out a core of... | [
{
"answer": "The reliability",
"question": "What is in dispute regarding the research into the core of the teachings?"
}
] |
1,187 | A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight... | [
{
"answer": "insight",
"question": "A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else?"
},
{
"answer": "Rupa Jhanas",
"question": "Liberating insight is attained after mastering what?"
},
{
"answer": "Majjhima Nikaya",
"question": "Later editi... |
1,188 | Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest B... | [
{
"answer": "rebirth",
"question": "According the Bronkhorst, intentions and desire are responsible for what?"
},
{
"answer": "karma",
"question": "Bronkhurst says that Buddha had a view of 'what' much different then current day?"
}
] |
1,189 | According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a ... | [
{
"answer": "dhyana",
"question": "What was the earliest Buddhism type?"
},
{
"answer": "meditative",
"question": "Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices? "
}
] |
1,190 | According to the Mahāsaccakasutta,[note 33] from the fourth jhana the Buddha gained bodhi. Yet, it is not clear what he was awakened to.[page needed] "Liberating insight" is a later addition to this text, and reflects a later development and understanding in early Buddhism.[page needed][page needed] The mentioning of t... | [
{
"answer": "fourth",
"question": "From which jhana did Buddha gain bodhi?"
},
{
"answer": "liberating insight",
"question": "A logic problem arises when noting that the four truths constitute what?"
},
{
"answer": "linear",
"question": "The four truths depict what type of path of pr... |
1,191 | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | [
{
"answer": "Nirvāna",
"question": "What is the Sanskrit form of Nibbana?"
},
{
"answer": "Nikayas",
"question": "Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what?"
},
{
"answer": "Nirvāna",
"question": "The desired goal for buddhism is what?"
}
] |
1,192 | According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path. | [
{
"answer": "the middle way",
"question": "A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term?"
},
{
"answer": "eightfold",
"question": "The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path?"
}
] |
1,193 | According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in ... | [
{
"answer": "prajna",
"question": "Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what?"
},
{
"answer": "liberating insight",
"question": "What is prajna called in english?"
},
{
"answer": "person",
"question": "Gotamas teachings may have been persona... |
1,194 | The three marks of existence may reflect Upanishadic or other influences. K.R. Norman supposes that the these terms were already in use at the Buddha's time, and were familiair to his hearers. | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many marks of existence reflect Upanishadic influences?"
}
] |
1,195 | The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). | [
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods?"
},
{
"answer": "Early Buddhism",
"question": "What is the first period of Buddhism called?"
},
{
"answer": "Sectarian",
"question": "What is another name for Nikaya buddhism?"
},
... |
1,196 | Pre-sectarian Buddhism is the earliest phase of Buddhism, recognized by nearly all scholars. Its main scriptures are the Vinaya Pitaka and the four principal Nikayas or Agamas. Certain basic teachings appear in many places throughout the early texts, so most scholars conclude that Gautama Buddha must have taught someth... | [
{
"answer": "Pre-sectarian",
"question": "Was is the earliest phase of buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "rebirth",
"question": "Gautama Buddha most likely taught the idea of Karma and what?"
},
{
"answer": "Noble Eightfold",
"question": "Gautama buddha taught what Path concept?"
}
] |
1,197 | According to the scriptures, soon after the parinirvāṇa (from Sanskrit: "highest extinguishment") of Gautama Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held. As with any ancient Indian tradition, transmission of teaching was done orally. The primary purpose of the assembly was to collectively recite the teachings to ensure... | [
{
"answer": "Buddhist",
"question": "Soon after the parinirvana of Gautama Buddha, what type of council was held?"
},
{
"answer": "Ānanda",
"question": "Who was cousin of the Buddha?"
},
{
"answer": "sūtras",
"question": "What are the discourses of the Buddha called?"
},
{
"a... |
1,198 | According to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Puggalavada traditio... | [
{
"answer": "the Second",
"question": "The Sangha began to break into separte factions after what council?"
},
{
"answer": "the Second Council",
"question": "According to the Dipavamsa they started immediately after what council?"
},
{
"answer": "100 BCE",
"question": "The Mahasanghi... |
1,199 | The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute br... | [
{
"answer": "Mahasanghikas",
"question": "The major schism was between the Sthaviras and what other group?"
},
{
"answer": "Mahasanghika",
"question": "The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what?"
},
{
"answer": "the vinaya",
"question": "The Mahas... |
1,200 | The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were bei... | [
{
"answer": "Sthaviras",
"question": "Who gave rise to the Theravada school?"
},
{
"answer": "monasteries",
"question": "Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what?"
},
{
"answer": "doctrinal",
"question": "By the latest at aroun... |
1,201 | Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Sc... | [
{
"answer": "Abhidharma",
"question": "What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called?"
},
{
"answer": "summaries or numerical lists",
"question": "The abhidharma texts do not contain treatises, but what?"
},
{
"answer": "3rd century BCE",
"question": "The Abhid... |
1,202 | Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā sūtras, which are among the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras, developed among the Mahāsāṃghika along the Kṛṣṇa River in the Āndhra region of South India. | [
{
"answer": "Prajñāpāramitā",
"question": "Which sutras are among the earliest Mahayana sutras?"
},
{
"answer": "Āndhra",
"question": "The Prajnaparamita sutras were developed along the krsna river in what region of South India?"
}
] |
1,203 | The earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā genre, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably written down in the 1st century BCE in the south of India. Guang Xing states, "Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably developed among th... | [
{
"answer": "Prajñāpāramitā",
"question": "The earliest Mahayana sutra include the very first version of what genre?"
},
{
"answer": "1st century BCE",
"question": "Texts concerning Aksobhya Buddha were written down in what century?"
},
{
"answer": "Āndhra",
"question": "Author Warde... |
1,204 | Anthony Barber and Sree Padma note that "historians of Buddhist thought have been aware for quite some time that such pivotally important Mahayana Buddhist thinkers as Nāgārjuna, Dignaga, Candrakīrti, Āryadeva, and Bhavaviveka, among many others, formulated their theories while living in Buddhist communities in Āndhra.... | [
{
"answer": "third",
"question": "The ancient buddhist site in the lower Krsna Valley can be traced to at least what century BCE?"
},
{
"answer": "South",
"question": "Evidence suggests that many Early mahayana scriptures originated in what part of India?"
}
] |
1,205 | There is no evidence that Mahāyāna ever referred to a separate formal school or sect of Buddhism, but rather that it existed as a certain set of ideals, and later doctrines, for bodhisattvas. Initially it was known as Bodhisattvayāna (the "Vehicle of the Bodhisattvas"). Paul Williams has also noted that the Mahāyāna ne... | [
{
"answer": "Buddhism",
"question": "There is no evidence that Mahayana ever referred to a separate school of what?"
},
{
"answer": "Vinaya",
"question": "The mahayana never tried to have separte what?"
},
{
"answer": "monasteries",
"question": "We know that both Mahayana and non Mah... |
1,206 | Much of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mahāyāna comes from early Chinese translations of Mahāyāna texts. These Mahāyāna teachings were first propagated into China by Lokakṣema, the first translator of Mahāyāna sūtras into Chinese during the 2nd century CE.[note 39] Some scholars have traditionally conside... | [
{
"answer": "Chinese",
"question": "Most of the early extant evidence for the origins of Mhayana comes from what type of translations?"
},
{
"answer": "Lokakṣema",
"question": "The Mahayana teachings were first propagated into China by who?"
},
{
"answer": "Prajñāpāramitā",
"question... |
1,207 | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yo... | [
{
"answer": "Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic",
"question": "What four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddhist Logic",
"question": "What was the latest thought type?"
},
{
"answer": "Yogacara",
"questio... |
1,208 | Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire a... | [
{
"answer": "Ashoka",
"question": "Buddhism may have spread quickly because of what Mauryan emperor?"
},
{
"answer": "stūpas",
"question": "The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddhist religious memorials",
"question": "What does st... |
1,209 | This period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the Mediterranean. I... | [
{
"answer": "west",
"question": "Emissaries were sent to various countries to what direct from India?"
},
{
"answer": "missionaries",
"question": "Scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist what?"
},
{
"answer": "to spread Buddhism",
"question": "What were t... |
1,210 | The gradual spread of Buddhism into adjacent areas meant that it came into contact with new ethnical groups. During this period Buddhism was exposed to a variety of influences, from Persian and Greek civilization, to changing trends in non-Buddhist Indian religions—themselves influenced by Buddhism. Striking examples o... | [
{
"answer": "Persian and Greek",
"question": "The gradual spread of Buddhism exposed it to a variety of influences including what civilization?"
},
{
"answer": "Menander",
"question": "Who was the Greek king immortalized in Buddhist canon?"
}
] |
1,211 | The Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand and Burma and later also Indonesia. The Dharmagupta school spread (also in 3rd century BCE) north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria (Afghanistan). | [
{
"answer": "3rd century",
"question": "The Theravada school spread south from india in what century BCE?"
},
{
"answer": "3rd century",
"question": "The Dharmagupta schol spread in what century to Kashmir?"
}
] |
1,212 | The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to China is most commonly thought to have started in the late 2nd or the 1st century CE, though the literary sources are all open to question.[note 41] The first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE, probably as a consequence... | [
{
"answer": "2nd century CE",
"question": "When was the first documented translation efforts by foreign Buddhist monks in China?"
}
] |
1,213 | In the 2nd century CE, Mahayana Sutras spread to China, and then to Korea and Japan, and were translated into Chinese. During the Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism (from the 8th century onwards), Buddhism spread from India to Tibet and Mongolia. | [
{
"answer": "2nd century CE",
"question": "Mahayana Sutras spread to China during what century?"
},
{
"answer": "Korea and Japan",
"question": "What two countries after China was the Mahayana sutras spread?"
},
{
"answer": "8th century onwards",
"question": "When did Buddhism apread ... |
1,214 | By the late Middle Ages, Buddhism had become virtually extinct in India, although it continued to exist in surrounding countries. It is now again gaining strength worldwide. China and India are now starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries as they compete for influence in the region.[web 20] | [
{
"answer": "Buddhist",
"question": "China and India are now starting to fund what type of shrines in various Asian countries?"
}
] |
1,215 | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all th... | [
{
"answer": "the teachings of the Buddha",
"question": "What is the Dharma?"
},
{
"answer": "the Buddhist community",
"question": "What is the Sangha?"
},
{
"answer": "progressive",
"question": "West Buddhism is often seen as exotic and what?"
},
{
"answer": "Modern influence... |
1,216 | A number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions. | [
{
"answer": "second half of the 20th Century",
"question": "When did a number of modern movement in Buddhism emerge?"
},
{
"answer": "neo-Buddhism",
"question": "What is the Dalit buddhist movement sometimes called?"
}
] |
1,217 | In the second half of the 20th Century a modern movement in Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai (Value Creation Society) emerged in Japan and spread further to other countries. Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a lay Buddhist movement linking more than 12 million people around the world, and is currently described as "the ... | [
{
"answer": "Nichiren Buddhism: Soka Gakkai",
"question": "What Buddhism emerged in the second half of the 20th century in Japan?"
},
{
"answer": "Value Creation Society",
"question": "What does Soka Gakkai mean in English?"
},
{
"answer": "Soka Gakkai International",
"question": "Wh... |
1,218 | Buddhism is practiced by an estimated 488 million,[web 1] 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population. | [
{
"answer": "Buddhism",
"question": "What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 to 535 million people?"
}
] |
1,219 | China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of worl... | [
{
"answer": "China",
"question": "What country has the largest population of Buddhists?"
},
{
"answer": "244 million",
"question": "How many Buddhists are in China?"
}
] |
1,220 | According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia. | [
{
"answer": "360 million",
"question": "How may adherents does Mahayana have?"
},
{
"answer": "150 million",
"question": "How many adherents does Thervada have?"
},
{
"answer": "Seven million",
"question": "How many Buddists are outside of Asia?"
}
] |
1,221 | According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western Europe... | [
{
"answer": "138 million",
"question": "How many Buddhists were there in 1910?"
},
{
"answer": "495 million",
"question": "How many Buddhists are there in 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "487 million",
"question": "How many buddhists are in Asia?"
}
] |
1,222 | Some scholars[note 44] use other schemes. Buddhists themselves have a variety of other schemes. Hinayana (literally "lesser vehicle") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in the Mahayana viewp... | [
{
"answer": "lesser vehicle",
"question": "What does Hinayana mean in English?"
},
{
"answer": "Hinayana",
"question": "What is used by Mahayana followers to name the early schools?"
}
] |
1,223 | Not all traditions of Buddhism share the same philosophical outlook, or treat the same concepts as central. Each tradition, however, does have its own core concepts, and some comparisons can be drawn between them. For example, according to one Buddhist ecumenical organization,[web 23] several concepts common to both ma... | [
{
"answer": "concepts",
"question": "Each tradition has its own core what?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddhist ecumenical organization",
"question": "there are common concepts to both major buddhist branches according to what organization?"
}
] |
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