id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
901 | Anthropology of development tends to view development from a critical perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach simply involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those work... | [
{
"answer": "critical",
"question": "What perspective does development anthropology view development from?"
},
{
"answer": "pondering",
"question": "What does development anthropology involves doing a lot of?"
},
{
"answer": "increasing",
"question": "Development anthropologists woul... |
902 | Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", ... | [
{
"answer": "Kinship",
"question": "What can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures?"
},
{
"answer": "anthropology",
"question": "What has developed a number of related concepts and terms?"
},
{
"answer": "Over its history",
"question": "When has anthropology developed rela... |
903 | Feminist anthropology is a four field approach to anthropology (archeological, biological, cultural, linguistic) that seeks to reduce male bias in research findings, anthropological hiring practices, and the scholarly production of knowledge. Anthropology engages often with feminists from non-Western traditions, whose ... | [
{
"answer": "Feminist",
"question": "What type of anthropology focuses on a political agenda rather than on contributing to science?"
},
{
"answer": "male bias",
"question": "What does feminist anthropology self-reports as seeking to reduce in research findings?"
},
{
"answer": "systemat... |
904 | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interpla... | [
{
"answer": "Nutritional",
"question": "What division of anthropology concerns itself with food security?"
},
{
"answer": "food security",
"question": "Nutritional anthropologists investigate the interplay between economic systems and what?"
},
{
"answer": "globalization",
"question"... |
905 | Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual cate... | [
{
"answer": "Psychological",
"question": "What subfield of anthropology studies mental processes? "
},
{
"answer": "humans' development and enculturation",
"question": "What does psychological anthropology particularly focus on in a particular culture group?"
},
{
"answer": "its own hist... |
906 | Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeo... | [
{
"answer": "Cognitive",
"question": "What type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge?"
},
{
"answer": "cognitive sciences",
"question": "What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation?"
},
{
"answer": "experimental psychology and... |
907 | Political anthropology concerns the structure of political systems, looked at from the basis of the structure of societies. Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started... | [
{
"answer": "Political",
"question": "What type of anthropology is interested in the structure of political systems?"
},
{
"answer": "structure of societies",
"question": "From what basis do political anthropologists examine the structure of political systems?"
},
{
"answer": "the 1960s"... |
908 | Cyborg anthropology originated as a sub-focus group within the American Anthropological Association's annual meeting in 1993. The sub-group was very closely related to STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science. Donna Haraway's 1985 Cyborg Manifesto could be considered the founding document of cyborg anthrop... | [
{
"answer": "Cyborg",
"question": "What type of anthropology originated as a sub-focus group?"
},
{
"answer": "1993",
"question": "When did the division of cyborg anthropology originate?"
},
{
"answer": "the Society for the Social Studies of Science",
"question": "What the sub-group ... |
909 | Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of ... | [
{
"answer": "Environmental",
"question": "Which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment?"
},
{
"answer": "political ecology",
"question": "What is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today?"
},
... |
910 | Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyo... | [
{
"answer": "by examining historical records",
"question": "How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?"
},
{
"answer": "ethnic",
"question": "Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?"
},
{
"ans... |
911 | Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the ... | [
{
"answer": "Urban",
"question": "What division of anthropology is concerned with poverty?"
},
{
"answer": "Ulf Hannerz",
"question": "Who is fond of quoting a remark from the 1960s?"
},
{
"answer": "notoriously agoraphobic",
"question": "What is a stereotype of traditional anthropol... |
912 | Anthrozoology (also known as "human–animal studies") is the study of interaction between living things. It is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology. A major focus of anthrozoologic re... | [
{
"answer": "human–animal studies",
"question": "What is Anthrozoology also known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Anthrozoology",
"question": "What is the study of interaction between living things?"
},
{
"answer": "number of other disciplines",
"question": "What does the field of anthrozoology... |
913 | Evolutionary anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and the relation between hominins and non-hominin primates. Evolutionary anthropology is based in natural science and social science, combining the human development with socioeconomic factors. Evolutionary... | [
{
"answer": "Evolutionary",
"question": "What branch of anthropology studies human behavior and the relation between primates?"
},
{
"answer": "natural science and social science",
"question": "What is evolutionary anthropology based in?"
},
{
"answer": "past and present",
"question... |
914 | Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to accultur... | [
{
"answer": "Ethical",
"question": "What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide?"
},
{
"answer": "mutilation",
"question": "What is the proper term for circumcision?"
},
{
"answer": "racism, slavery, and human sacrifice",
"question": "What are good topic... |
915 | But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At ... | [
{
"answer": "active in the allied war effort",
"question": "What were Boas' peers doing in the 1940s?"
},
{
"answer": "Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan",
"question": "What groups formed the Axis forces?"
},
{
"answer": "the armed forces",
"question": "What did many ant... |
916 | Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically da... | [
{
"answer": "the state",
"question": "What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of?"
},
{
"answer": "secret",
"question": "What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give?"
},
{
"answer": "certain scholarship... |
917 | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | [
{
"answer": "the US military",
"question": "Who are anthropologists working with along with other social scientists? "
},
{
"answer": "US Army's strategy in Afghanistan",
"question": "What are the anthropologists part of?"
},
{
"answer": "Counterinsurgency",
"question": "What efforts... |
918 | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | [
{
"answer": "Biological",
"question": "What type of anthropologist is interested in human variation?"
},
{
"answer": "human universals",
"question": "What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered?"
},
{
"answer": "into the field",
"question": "Where can part... |
919 | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | [
{
"answer": "relevant time periods and geographic regions",
"question": "How do anthropologists typically like to divide up the world?"
},
{
"answer": "cultural traditions based on material",
"question": "How has human time on Earth been divided up?"
},
{
"answer": "tool",
"question"... |
920 | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | [
{
"answer": "\"other cultures",
"question": "What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of?"
},
{
"answer": "time",
"question": "A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect?"
},
{
"answer": "non-European/non-Western societies",
"ques... |
921 | Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the dail... | [
{
"answer": "set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region",
"question": "What has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s?"
},
{
"answer": "research to a single locale",
"question": "Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections betw... |
922 | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | [
{
"answer": "wounded in an attempted assassination",
"question": "What happened to Joseph I in 1758?"
},
{
"answer": "The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro",
"question": "Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I?"
},
{
"answer": "The Jesuits",
"question": "Who... |
923 | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | [
{
"answer": "1770",
"question": "In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal?"
},
{
"answer": "until Joseph I's death in 1779",
"question": "How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "autocracy",
"question": "What did Pombal's enlightenmen... |
924 | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | [
{
"answer": "Napoleon",
"question": "Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline?"
},
{
"answer": "1822",
"question": "In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Brazil",
"question": "To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer... |
925 | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | [
{
"answer": "French",
"question": "Portugese and British troops fought against the invasion of which country?"
},
{
"answer": "until the Liberal Revolution of 1820",
"question": "Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil?"
},
{
"answer": "Porto",
"question": "Where did the... |
926 | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | [
{
"answer": "before the turn of the 20th century",
"question": "When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa?"
},
{
"answer": "1884",
"question": "When was the Conference of Berlin held?"
},
{
"answer": "Scramble for Africa",
"question": "During what period were the Por... |
927 | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | [
{
"answer": "1 February 1908",
"question": "On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?"
},
{
"answer": "on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902",
"question": "Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal ... |
928 | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | [
{
"answer": "António de Oliveira Salazar",
"question": "Who led the Estado Novo?"
},
{
"answer": "1933",
"question": "In what year was the Estado Novo established?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II?"
},
{
... |
929 | Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerou... | [
{
"answer": "United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries",
"question": "What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to?"
},
{
"answer": "unitary semi-presidential republican",
"question": "What form of gover... |
930 | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | [
{
"answer": "to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors",
"question": "What was Pelayos' plan?"
},
{
"answer": "Moors",
"question": "Against which group of people was Pelayos fighting?"
},
{
"answer": "Battle of Covadonga",
"question":... |
931 | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | [
{
"answer": "dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring",
"question": "Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided?"
},
{
"answer": "King Alfonso III",
"question": "Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias?"
},
{
"answer": "868 AD",
"question": "In... |
932 | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | [
{
"answer": "maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture",
"question": "During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?"
},
{
"answer": "the Kingdom of Portugal",
"question"... |
933 | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | [
{
"answer": "the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun",
"question": "Who was de Melo's second marriage to?"
},
{
"answer": "Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo",
"question": "Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?"
},
{
"answer": "Queen consort of Portugal",
... |
934 | Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun... | [
{
"answer": "earthquakes",
"question": "What type of natural disaster was the city center of Lisbon designed to resist?"
},
{
"answer": "marching troops around the models",
"question": "How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models?"
},
{
"answer": "Lisbon suffered no epidem... |
935 | Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The P... | [
{
"answer": "Portuguese Republic",
"question": "What is the official name of Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe",
"question": "Where is Portugal located?"
},
{
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"question": "Which ocean does Portugal border?"
},
{
"... |
936 | The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christi... | [
{
"answer": "The Celts and the Romans",
"question": "Who were the first inhabitants of Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples",
"question": "Which two groups followed the first inhabitants?"
},
{
"answer": "1139",
"question": "By what year had Portugal e... |
937 | Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, l... | [
{
"answer": "Lisbon",
"question": "In Portugal, which city was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake?"
},
{
"answer": "1822",
"question": "In which year did Brazel become independent?"
},
{
"answer": "1910",
"question": "In which year was the Portugal monarchy deposed?"
},
{
"answ... |
938 | The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visite... | [
{
"answer": "Portus Cale",
"question": "From what name is Portugal derived?"
},
{
"answer": "Pre-Celts and Celts",
"question": "By what group was the Portugal region settled?"
},
{
"answer": "Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes",
"question": "To what four peoples did the settl... |
939 | In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a... | [
{
"answer": "27 BC",
"question": "In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?"
},
{
"answer": "Gallaecia",
"question": "What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Conímbriga and Mirobriga",
"question": "What are two large Roman sites that still exi... |
940 | After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ... | [
{
"answer": "a few months",
"question": "How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths?"
},
{
"answer": "711",
"question": "In what year did Portugal become a part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire?"
},
{
"answer": "750",
"question": "In which year did Umayyad Caliph... |
941 | The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t... | [
{
"answer": "Emir",
"question": "What were the governors of the taifas called?"
},
{
"answer": "the Christian kingdoms of the north",
"question": "Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations?"
},
{
"answer": "Taifa of Badajoz",
"question": "To which taifa did m... |
942 | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | [
{
"answer": "Muwallad or Muladi",
"question": "What are converts to Islam called?"
},
{
"answer": "noblemen from Oman",
"question": "Who did the Arabs principally consist of?"
},
{
"answer": "Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa",
"question": "Where were the Berbers orig... |
943 | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | [
{
"answer": "García, became king of León",
"question": "Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?"
},
{
"answer": "Ordoño, reigned in Galicia",
"question": "Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?"
},
{
"answer": "Fruela, received... |
944 | In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ... | [
{
"answer": "1348 and 1349",
"question": "Which years were plagued by the Black Death?"
},
{
"answer": "England",
"question": "In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country?"
},
{
"answer": "Portugal made an alliance with England",
"question": "What is the longest standing al... |
945 | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | [
{
"answer": "the Age of Discovery",
"question": "What European age did Portugal spearhead?"
},
{
"answer": "King João I",
"question": "Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator?"
},
{
"answer": "Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde",
"question": "Which three Atlantic archipelagos d... |
946 | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | [
{
"answer": "increased",
"question": "Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease?"
},
{
"answer": "Prime Minister",
"question": "What title was given to de Melo in 1755?"
},
{
"answer": "British",
"question": "With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with?"
... |
947 | But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He... | [
{
"answer": "economic and financial",
"question": "What were de Melo's greatest reforms?"
},
{
"answer": "to ensure the wine's quality",
"question": "Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port?"
},
{
"answer": "especially among the high nobility",
"question": "Among w... |
948 | The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration... | [
{
"answer": "April 1974",
"question": "Until when did the Portuguese government resist decolonization of their overseas territories?"
},
{
"answer": "left-wing military coup in Lisbon",
"question": "What was the Carnation Revolution?"
},
{
"answer": "social turmoil and power disputes bet... |
949 | The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to... | [
{
"answer": "Junta de Salvação Nacional",
"question": "What entity governed Portugal until 1976?"
},
{
"answer": "Socialist Party",
"question": "Which party won the Portuguese election in 1976?"
},
{
"answer": "Mário Soares",
"question": "Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in ... |
950 | The country bounced between socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model. Land reform and nationalizations were enforced; the Portuguese Constitution (approved in 1976) was rewritten in order to accommodate socialist and communist principles. Until the constitutional revisions of 1982 and 1989, the constitution was ... | [
{
"answer": "socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model",
"question": "Between which two political ideals did Portugal bounce between?"
},
{
"answer": "1976",
"question": "In what year was the Portuguese Constitution approved?"
},
{
"answer": "to accommodate socialist and communist ... |
951 | Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according t... | [
{
"answer": "Mediterranean",
"question": "What type of climate does Portugal have?"
},
{
"answer": "8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F)",
"question": "In the mountainous interior north of Portugal, between what degrees is the average temperature?"
},
{
"answer": "16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)",
"questi... |
952 | Both the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist, making weather predictions very difficult (owing to rough topography). The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) a... | [
{
"answer": "subtropical",
"question": "What type of climate do the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have?"
},
{
"answer": "rough topography",
"question": "What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region?"
},
{
"answer": "Mediterranean",
"question": "What typ... |
954 | Laurisilva is a unique type of subtropical rainforest found in few areas of Europe and the world: in the Azores, and in particular on the island of Madeira, there are large forests of endemic Laurisilva forests (the latter protected as a natural heritage preserve). There are several species of diverse mammalian fauna, ... | [
{
"answer": "a unique type of subtropical rainforest",
"question": "What is Laurisilva?"
},
{
"answer": "fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), wild cat (Felis silvestris), hare, weasel, polecat, chameleon, mongoose, civet, brown bear",
"question": "What are some e... |
955 | There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of... | [
{
"answer": "more than 100",
"question": "How many freshwater fish species can be found in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "in the Tagus International Natural Park",
"question": "In Portugal, where can you find the giant European catfish?"
},
{
"answer": "because of habitat loss, pollution and... |
956 | The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes... | [
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "For how many years is the Portugal president elected?"
},
{
"answer": "Aníbal Cavaco Silva",
"question": "Who is the current president of Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "230",
"question": "How many deputies make up the Assembly of the Republic?"
},
{
... |
957 | Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels. The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic... | [
{
"answer": "Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party",
"question": "What two political parties dominate Portugal's government?"
},
{
"answer": "national-, regional- and local-levels",
"question": "At what three levels does the Portugal government operate?"
},
{
"answer": "Unitary... |
958 | The Head of State of Portugal is the President of the Republic, elected to a five-year term by direct, universal suffrage. He or she has also supervision and reserve powers. These powers are often compared[by whom?] with the "moderator power" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation... | [
{
"answer": "President of the Republic",
"question": "Who is the Head of State of Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "For how many years does each term of the President of the Republic last?"
},
{
"answer": "by direct, universal suffrage",
"question": "By what means is the... |
959 | The Council of Ministers – under the presidency of the Prime Minister (or the President of Portugal at the latter's request) and the Ministers (may also include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers) – acts as the cabinet. Each government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present ... | [
{
"answer": "The Council of Ministers",
"question": "What group acts as the presidential cabinet?"
},
{
"answer": "define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate",
"question": "What process is required of each government's... |
960 | Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilia... | [
{
"answer": "former colonies and territories",
"question": "Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?"
},
{
"answer": "a civilian police force who work in urban areas",
"question": "What is the Policia de Seguranca Publica - PSP (Public Security Police)?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
961 | Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, tr... | [
{
"answer": "2001",
"question": "In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession?"
},
{
"answer": "10 days worth of personal use",
"question": "How much of a drug is legal to possess?"
},
{
"answer": "go to a rehab facility",
"question": "What option is allowed to those caug... |
962 | Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese: municípios or concelhos), which after a reform in 2013 are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesia). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable loca... | [
{
"answer": "308",
"question": "How many municipalities is Portugal divided into?"
},
{
"answer": "3,092",
"question": "How many civil parishes are the Portuguese municipalities divided into?"
},
{
"answer": "18",
"question": "How many districts is the continental Portugal divided in... |
963 | The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including... | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?"
},
{
"answer": "Navy, Army and Air Force",
"question": "What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces?"
},
{
"answer": "primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the terri... |
964 | The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, ... | [
{
"answer": "21,000",
"question": "What is the number of personnel in the army?"
},
{
"answer": "Pandur II APC",
"question": "With what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with?"
},
{
"answer": "Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC",
"question": "What is the mechanized brigade mainly ... |
965 | In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon.... | [
{
"answer": "World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War",
"question": "In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century?"
},
{
"answer": "1961–1974",
"question": "During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?"
},
{
"answer": "East Timor, Bosnia, Ko... |
966 | After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending ... | [
{
"answer": "Pedro Passos Coelho",
"question": "Who headed the government after the bailout was announced?"
},
{
"answer": "improve the State's financial situation",
"question": "What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout?"
},
{
"answer": "tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related... |
967 | A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partne... | [
{
"answer": "1974",
"question": "In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?"
},
{
"answer": "unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms",
"question": "Between 1974 and 2010, how did... |
968 | After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size,... | [
{
"answer": "2007–08",
"question": "In what two years was there a financial crisis?"
},
{
"answer": "Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)",
"question": "Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years?"
},
{
"answer": "bad investments, emb... |
969 | The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are con... | [
{
"answer": "the euro (€)",
"question": "What currency does Portugal use?"
},
{
"answer": "Portuguese Escudo",
"question": "What currency did the euro replace in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Banco de Portugal",
"question": "What is the name of Portugal's central bank?"
},
{
"an... |
970 | Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portuga... | [
{
"answer": "1974",
"question": "In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?"
},
{
"answer": "PREC period",
"question": "What period followed the Carnation Revolution?"
},
{
"answer": "changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of t... |
971 | In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund. The bailout, agreed to in 2011, required Portugal to enter into a range o... | [
{
"answer": "European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund",
"question": "By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out?"
},
{
"answer": "2011",
"question": "In what year was the economic bailout agreed to?"
},
{
"answer": "€78 billion",
"questio... |
972 | Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produc... | [
{
"answer": "small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units",
"question": "Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?"
},
{
"answer": "Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro",
"question": "What types of companies back more large scale, expor... |
973 | Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peni... | [
{
"answer": "Ramirez",
"question": "Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?"
},
{
"answer": "Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama",
"question": "What are the names of various companies that produ... |
974 | Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Por... | [
{
"answer": "copper",
"question": "What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?"
},
{
"answer": "tin, tungsten and uranium",
"question": "What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?"
},
{
"answer": "hydrocarbon",
"question": "What type of... |
975 | Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in... | [
{
"answer": "Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen",
"question": "What automotive brands exist in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Embraer and OGMA",
"question": "What aerospace companies exist in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Palmela",
"question": "Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa ... |
976 | Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in coun... | [
{
"answer": "increase",
"question": "Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future?"
},
{
"answer": "Eastern European destinations",
"question": "With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists?"
},
{
"answer": "focus upon its niche attractions",
"question":... |
977 | The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemplo... | [
{
"answer": "The Economist",
"question": "What magazine described Portugal as \"a new sick man of Europe?\""
},
{
"answer": "65%",
"question": "Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?"
},
{
"answer": "10.2%",
"question": "What percentage did the... |
978 | On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Irel... | [
{
"answer": "that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility",
"question": "What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?"
},
{
"answer": "third",
"question": "How many times has Portugal requested external financi... |
979 | In 2005, the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government (70.8) was above the European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants). By EU and USA standards, Portugal's justice system was internationally known as being slow and inefficient, and by 2011 it was the second slowest in ... | [
{
"answer": "70.8",
"question": "In 2005, how many public employees did Portugal have for every thousand inhabitants?"
},
{
"answer": "62.4",
"question": "What was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the European Union in 2005?"
},
{
"answer": "slow ... |
980 | In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours. Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary ... | [
{
"answer": "Passos Coelho",
"question": "Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?"
},
{
"answer": "significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours",
"question": "What did the Prim... |
981 | Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the ... | [
{
"answer": "66",
"question": "To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?"
},
{
"answer": "pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses",
"question": "To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?"
},
{
"answer": "English",
"question": "Which ... |
983 | Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Cathol... | [
{
"answer": "Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra",
"question": "What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Fátima",
"question": "Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?"
},
{
"answer": "Blessed Virgin Mary to three shephe... |
985 | Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Po... | [
{
"answer": "89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)",
"question": "How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?"
},
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many national airports does Portugal have?"
},
{
"answer": "Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja",
"question": "Near what cities are the Portugues... |
986 | A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi)... | [
{
"answer": "Spain",
"question": "Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?"
},
{
"answer": "Comboios de Portugal",
"question": "What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?"
},
{
"answer": "2,791 km (1,734 mi)",
"question": "How long is the total ... |
987 | The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carri... | [
{
"answer": "Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area",
"question": "What are the two subway systems in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "more than 35 km (22 mi)",
"question": "How long are each of the subway systems?"
},
{
... |
988 | Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biol... | [
{
"answer": "R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions",
"question": "In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação",
"questi... |
989 | Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. A number of both national and ... | [
{
"answer": "Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation",
"question": "What are two of the large non-state run research institutions in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "neuroscience and oncology research centre",
"question": "What is the Champalimaud Foundation?"
},
{
"ans... |
990 | Portugal has the largest aquarium in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese have several other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency Ciência Viva, a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and t... | [
{
"answer": "Lisbon Oceanarium",
"question": "What is the name of the largest European aquarium?"
},
{
"answer": "scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population",
"question": "What does the state agency Ciencia Viva promote?"
},
{
"answer": "Science Museum of the Un... |
991 | With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country. These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the ... | [
{
"answer": "the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world",
"question": "What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?"
},
{
"answer": "Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Canta... |
992 | Portugal has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a trend towards the development of a renewable resource industry and reduction of both consumption and use of fossil fuel resources. In 2006, the world's largest... | [
{
"answer": "wind and river power",
"question": "What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Moura, in the south",
"question": "Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located?"
},
{
"answer": "Norte region",
"question": "Where was ... |
993 | Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydr... | [
{
"answer": "Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)",
"question": "What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?"
},
{
"answer": "uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy pl... |
994 | The Statistics Portugal (Portuguese: INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística) estimates that, according to the 2011 census, the population was 10,562,178 (of which 52% was female, 48% was male). This population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history: a single religion (Catholicism) and a single languag... | [
{
"answer": "10,562,178",
"question": "What was the Portuguese population in 2011?"
},
{
"answer": "52%",
"question": "What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female?"
},
{
"answer": "48%",
"question": "What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was male?"
... |
995 | The most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese seems to be the oldest one; current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that the Portuguese have their origin in Paleolithic peoples that began arriving to the European continent around 45,000 years ago. All subsequent migrations did l... | [
{
"answer": "Paleolithic peoples",
"question": "In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?"
},
{
"answer": "45,000 years ago",
"question": "When did people first start arriving in the European continent?"
},
{
"answer": "Paleolithic",
"question": "What is the main p... |
997 | According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditi... | [
{
"answer": "81.0%",
"question": "What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic?"
},
{
"answer": "Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist",
"question": "What other religious communities ... |
998 | Many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have a Christian origin or connotation. Although relations between the Portuguese state and the Roman Catholic Church were generally amiable and stable since the earliest years of the Portuguese nation, their relative power fluctuated. In the 13th and 14th centuries, t... | [
{
"answer": "Christian",
"question": "In what religion do many Portuguese holidays and festivals find their origin?"
},
{
"answer": "13th and 14th",
"question": "In what centuries did the Roman Catholic Church play a role in the reconquest?"
},
{
"answer": "formation of the First Portugu... |
999 | Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ (Portuguese: Cinco Chagas) when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique". The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (2... | [
{
"answer": "25 July 1139",
"question": "On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?"
},
{
"answer": "victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso",
"question": "Afonso heard Jesus promising what?"
},
{
"answer": "in order to create an empire which... |
1,000 | Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portu... | [
{
"answer": "Portuguese",
"question": "What is the official name of Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "Romance",
"question": "What type of language is Portuguese?"
},
{
"answer": "Galicia and Northern Portugal",
"question": "Where did Portuguese originate?"
},
{
"answer": "Galician-P... |
1,001 | The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire... | [
{
"answer": "Latin",
"question": "From what language is Portuguese derived?"
},
{
"answer": "Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula",
"question": "By what group of people is Portuguese derived?"
},
{
"answer": "1415 and 1999",
"question": "Between what years did Portugal establis... |
1,002 | The total adult literacy rate is 99 percent. Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent. According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, the average Portuguese 15-year-old student, when rated in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge, is plac... | [
{
"answer": "99 percent",
"question": "What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?"
},
{
"answer": "100 percent",
"question": "Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?"
},
{
"answer": "Over 35%",
"question": "What percentage of college-age citizens attend a hig... |
1,003 | Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas (the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desen... | [
{
"answer": "1290",
"question": "Since when have Portuguese universities existed?"
},
{
"answer": "Lisbon",
"question": "Where was the oldest Portuguese university established?"
},
{
"answer": "Coimbra",
"question": "Where did the oldest Portuguese university relocate to?"
},
{
... |
1,004 | The Bologna process has been adopted, since 2006, by Portuguese universities and poly-technical institutes. Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of numerus clausus is enforced through a national database on student admissions. However, every higher educat... | [
{
"answer": "2006",
"question": "When was the Bologna process adopted?"
},
{
"answer": "public money",
"question": "What are most higher education student costs supported with?"
},
{
"answer": "over 23 years old",
"question": "Over what age are higher education applicants considered ... |
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