id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
1,432 | Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated to... | [
{
"answer": "dog roundworm",
"question": "What is the common name of the species that causes Toxocariasis?"
},
{
"answer": "dog feces",
"question": "How are Toxicara canis infections spread?"
},
{
"answer": "10,000",
"question": "About how many people get a Toxocara infection each ye... |
1,433 | A 2005 paper states "recent research has failed to support earlier findings that pet ownership is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, a reduced use of general practitioner services, or any psychological or physical benefits on health for community dwelling older people. Research has, however, poin... | [
{
"answer": "2005",
"question": "What year did a publication come out indicating having a pet does not mean lower risk of heart disease in the elderly?"
},
{
"answer": "absenteeism from school",
"question": "What is lowered in children who have pets?"
},
{
"answer": "2005",
"question... |
1,434 | In addition, people with pet dogs took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive effects on human health and behaviour, and that for guardians of dogs these effects are relatively long-term. Pet guardianship has also... | [
{
"answer": "exercise",
"question": "People with dogs get more of what than people with cats or no animals?"
},
{
"answer": "exercise",
"question": "People with dogs do what more than people who have cats or no pets?"
}
] |
1,435 | The health benefits of dogs can result from contact with dogs in general, and not solely from having dogs as pets. For example, when in the presence of a pet dog, people show reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety. Other health benefits are gained from exposure to immune-stimu... | [
{
"answer": "immune-stimulating microorganisms",
"question": "What do humans get exposed to with pets that may help them not get sick?"
},
{
"answer": "social interactions",
"question": "Dogs can act as a facilitator of what between human beings?"
},
{
"answer": "2015",
"question": "... |
1,436 | The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behav... | [
{
"answer": "mental institutions",
"question": "Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize?"
},
{
"answer": "social behaviors",
"question": "Therapy dogs can help increase what in people suffering with Alzheimer's?"
},
{
"answer": "antisocial and violent behavio... |
1,437 | Medical detection dogs are capable of detecting diseases by sniffing a person directly or samples of urine or other specimens. Dogs can detect odour in one part per trillion, as their brain's olfactory cortex is (relative to total brain size) 40 times larger than humans. Dogs may have as many as 300 million odour recep... | [
{
"answer": "diseases",
"question": "What can trained dogs detect by sniffing a person or a sample of their urine?"
},
{
"answer": "40 times larger",
"question": "How much larger is a dog brain olfactory cortex when compared to humans?"
},
{
"answer": "trillion",
"question": "A dog c... |
1,438 | In Greek mythology, Cerberus is a three-headed watchdog who guards the gates of Hades. In Norse mythology, a bloody, four-eyed dog called Garmr guards Helheim. In Persian mythology, two four-eyed dogs guard the Chinvat Bridge. In Philippine mythology, Kimat who is the pet of Tadaklan, god of thunder, is responsible for... | [
{
"answer": "Cerberus",
"question": "What is the name of the dog with three heads in Greek mythology?"
},
{
"answer": "the gates of Hades.",
"question": "What did Cerberus guard?"
},
{
"answer": "Garmr",
"question": "What is the name of the dog with four eyes in Norse mythology?"
}... |
1,439 | In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bron... | [
{
"answer": "the gates of Naraka.",
"question": "In Hindu mythology, what do the two dogs who are owned by the god of death watch over?"
},
{
"answer": "Yama",
"question": "What is the name of the god of death?"
},
{
"answer": "bronze dog figurines.",
"question": "Offerings at the Mu... |
1,440 | In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan Küçük of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' reli... | [
{
"answer": "as unclean",
"question": "How are dogs viewed in Islam?"
},
{
"answer": "scavengers",
"question": "Why are dogs viewed as unclean in Islam?"
},
{
"answer": "The Hague",
"question": "What city made owing dogs illegal in 2015?"
},
{
"answer": "leather dog booties",... |
1,441 | Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets. Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves, and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them. In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness. | [
{
"answer": "faithfulness.",
"question": "What do dogs represent to Christians?"
},
{
"answer": "themselves",
"question": "Jewish law dictates that anyone owning a dog must feed the dog before who?"
},
{
"answer": "feed",
"question": "If a Jewish person owns a dog, he must do what to... |
1,442 | In Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan, dogs are viewed as kind protectors. The role of the dog in Chinese mythology includes a position as one of the twelve animals which cyclically represent years (the zodiacal dog). | [
{
"answer": "kind protectors.",
"question": "Three Asian countries see dogs as what?"
},
{
"answer": "China",
"question": "What country has the dog as part of its 12 animals that represent years?"
},
{
"answer": "as kind protectors",
"question": "How are dogs viewed in Asian countrie... |
1,443 | Cultural depictions of dogs in art extend back thousands of years to when dogs were portrayed on the walls of caves. Representations of dogs became more elaborate as individual breeds evolved and the relationships between human and canine developed. Hunting scenes were popular in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Do... | [
{
"answer": "caves.",
"question": "Thousands of years ago, dogs were depicted on the walls of what?"
},
{
"answer": "Hunting",
"question": "What scenes were popular in art during the Middle Ages?"
},
{
"answer": "caves",
"question": "Dogs were depicted as art on the walls of what?"
... |
1,444 | Dogs are also vulnerable to some of the same health conditions as humans, including diabetes, dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis. | [
{
"answer": "humans",
"question": "Dogs can have the same health issues as who?"
}
] |
1,445 | Some dog breeds have acquired traits through selective breeding that interfere with reproduction. Male French Bulldogs, for instance, are incapable of mounting the female. For many dogs of this breed, the female must be artificially inseminated in order to reproduce. | [
{
"answer": "Male French Bulldogs",
"question": "Which dog is not able to mount a female dog?"
}
] |
1,446 | Although it is said that the "dog is man's best friend" regarding 17–24% of dogs in the developed countries, in the developing world they are feral, village or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon. These live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common respo... | [
{
"answer": "run away",
"question": "When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 52% of the time?"
},
{
"answer": "respond with aggression",
"question": "When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 11% of the time?"
},
{
"answer": "pe... |
1,447 | Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well ... | [
{
"answer": "significant benefits",
"question": "What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?"
}
] |
1,448 | The cohabitation of dogs and humans would have greatly improved the chances of survival for early human groups, and the domestication of dogs may have been one of the key forces that led to human success. | [
{
"answer": "the domestication of dogs",
"question": "What has likely led to human success?"
}
] |
1,449 | The scientific evidence is mixed as to whether companionship of a dog can enhance human physical health and psychological wellbeing. Studies suggesting that there are benefits to physical health and psychological wellbeing have been criticised for being poorly controlled, and finding that "[t]he health of elderly peopl... | [
{
"answer": "poorly controlled",
"question": "Studies that people are better off with dogs have been criticized for being what?"
},
{
"answer": "to the doctor",
"question": "People who have cats or dogs make fewer visits where?"
}
] |
1,450 | The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of "one world, one dream". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the "Journey of Harmony", lasted 129 days and... | [
{
"answer": "1936 Summer Olympics.",
"question": "When did the tradition of people carrying the Olympic torch before the Olympic games begin?"
},
{
"answer": "129 days",
"question": "How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics?"
},
{
"answer": "one wo... |
1,451 | After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symb... | [
{
"answer": "March 24",
"question": "What day was the Olympic torch lit for the 2008 games?"
},
{
"answer": "Olympia, Greece",
"question": "Where did the Olympics originate?"
},
{
"answer": "March 31",
"question": "When did the Olympic torch reach Beijing?"
},
{
"answer": "si... |
1,452 | In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged f... | [
{
"answer": "hundreds",
"question": "How many people protested on the San Francisco torch route?"
},
{
"answer": "effectively none",
"question": "How many people protested at the Pyongyang torch route?"
},
{
"answer": "protesting",
"question": "What were some groups doing along the t... |
1,453 | The attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as "despicable" by the Chinese government, condemning them as "deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France" and who "tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit", and vowed they would continue with the relay and n... | [
{
"answer": "the Chinese government",
"question": "Who condemned the various attacks on the torch relay route?"
},
{
"answer": "supporters",
"question": "In San Francisco, who had a larger presence than the protesters? "
},
{
"answer": "counter-protesters",
"question": "Who overwhelm... |
1,454 | Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a "crisis" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. though he sto... | [
{
"answer": "Jacques Rogge",
"question": "Who is the president of the International Olympic Committee?"
},
{
"answer": "Tibetan",
"question": "Athletes wearing what kind of flag at any Olympic venue faced the possibility of expulsion from the Olympics?"
},
{
"answer": "global relays",
... |
1,455 | In June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to "focus on the rescue and relief work" following the Sichuan earthquake. | [
{
"answer": "Paralympic Games",
"question": "The international torch relay was canceled for what event in June 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "Paralympic Games",
"question": "For what events was the torch relay decided to not be held?"
}
] |
1,456 | The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as "Lucky Cloud". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) ... | [
{
"answer": "Lucky Cloud",
"question": "What is the Chinese design used on the Olympic Torch?"
},
{
"answer": "aluminum.",
"question": "What is the Olympic Torch made from?"
},
{
"answer": "985 grams",
"question": "How much does the Olympic Torch weigh?"
},
{
"answer": "An ig... |
1,457 | Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standi... | [
{
"answer": "a chartered Air China Airbus A330",
"question": "When it was necessary for the Olympic Torch to be on an airplane, which one was used?"
},
{
"answer": "red and yellow",
"question": "What color was the chartered plane?"
},
{
"answer": "March 2008",
"question": "When was i... |
1,458 | The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part... | [
{
"answer": "six",
"question": "How many continents did the torch visit?"
},
{
"answer": "Taipei",
"question": "What was the stop that was to happen between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong?"
},
{
"answer": "Hong Kong and Macau",
"question": "The Republic of China felt that the wrong d... |
1,461 | In response to the demonstrations, an editorial in the People's Daily urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". | [
{
"answer": "People's Daily",
"question": "In what publication were Chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations?"
},
{
"answer": "People's Daily",
"question": "What is the name of the publication where Chinese people were advised to be calm and rationa... |
1,462 |
Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China. | [
{
"answer": "Almaty",
"question": "What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2?"
},
{
"answer": "Nursultan Nazarbaev.",
"question": "Who was the first person to be handed the torch in Almaty?"
},
{
"answer": "the President of Kazakhstan",
"question": "Who is Nursultan Nazarbaev?"... |
1,463 |
Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police. | [
{
"answer": "April 3",
"question": "When was the torch in Istanbul?"
},
{
"answer": "Taksim Square",
"question": "Where did the torch end up in Istanbul?"
},
{
"answer": "Sultanahmet Square",
"question": "Where did the torch start in Instanbul?"
},
{
"answer": "Uyghurs living... |
1,464 |
Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This giv... | [
{
"answer": "April 5",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Saint Petersburg?"
},
{
"answer": "Victory Square",
"question": "Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg?"
},
{
"answer": "Palace Square",
"question": "Where did the torch route end in Saint Petersbur... |
1,465 |
Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracte... | [
{
"answer": "London",
"question": "Which city hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics?"
},
{
"answer": "April 6",
"question": "When did the torch route begin in London?"
},
{
"answer": "£750,000",
"question": "How much did security cost for the torch relay in London?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
1,468 | Chinese officials canceled the torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions, including a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors... | [
{
"answer": "Green Party officials.",
"question": "Who threw a a Tibetan flag from a City Hall window?"
},
{
"answer": "Jin Jing",
"question": "Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair?"
},
{
"answer": "Angel in Wheelchair",
"question": "What was Jin Jing called by ethnic Chinese?"
},... |
1,469 | Reporters Without Borders organised several symbolic protests, including scaling the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it, and hanging an identical banner from the Notre Dame cathedral. | [
{
"answer": "Reporters Without Borders",
"question": "Which organization planned several protests?"
},
{
"answer": "the Eiffel Tower",
"question": "What did Reporters Without Borders scale in order to put a protest banner on it?"
},
{
"answer": "Notre Dame cathedral",
"question": "Wh... |
1,470 | Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags, and remained there for a peaceful protest, never approaching the torch relay itself. Among them was Jane Birkin, who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China. Also present was Thupten Gyatso, Presiden... | [
{
"answer": "the Trocadéro",
"question": "Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet?"
},
{
"answer": "Jane Birkin",
"question": "Who spoke to the media about China's lack of freedom of speech?"
},
{
"answer": "Thupten Gyatso",
"question": "Who is the President of the French Tib... |
1,471 | French members of Parliament and other French politicians also organised a protest. All political parties in Parliament—UMP, Socialists, New Centre, Communists, Democratic Movement (centre) and Greens—jointly requested a pause in the National Assembly's session, which was granted, so that MPs could step outside and unf... | [
{
"answer": "the National Assembly's session",
"question": "What did the political parties request a brief stop in?"
},
{
"answer": "Respect for Human Rights in China",
"question": "What text was on the banner that the politicians unrolled outside?"
},
{
"answer": "Freedom for Tibet!",
... |
1,472 | French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Libération commented: "The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro." Minister ... | [
{
"answer": "Tibetan flags",
"question": "What did French police take from demonstrators?"
},
{
"answer": "Libération",
"question": "Which newspaper reported that only the Chinese could express themselves?"
},
{
"answer": "the Trocadéro",
"question": "Where was the only place the Tib... |
1,474 | On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international... | [
{
"answer": "San Francisco Board of Supervisors",
"question": "Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "human rights abuses",
"question": "The concern was over what in China and Tibet?"
},
{
"answer": "April 8",
"question": "What date was t... |
1,475 | Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags sca... | [
{
"answer": "Golden Gate Bridge",
"question": "Three protester climbed what to hang two banners on April 7, 2008?"
},
{
"answer": "KPIX-CBS5",
"question": "Laurel Sutherlin spoke to which TV station about his concerns?"
},
{
"answer": "China",
"question": "Who asked that the San Fran... |
1,478 | Argentine activists told a news conference that they would not try to snuff out the torch's flame as demonstrators had in Paris and London. "I want to announce that we will not put out the Olympic torch," said pro-Tibet activist Jorge Carcavallo. "We'll be carrying out surprise actions throughout the city of Buenos Air... | [
{
"answer": "Jorge Carcavallo",
"question": "What is the name of the activist who promised peaceful protests?"
},
{
"answer": "from the Obelisk to the city hall",
"question": "What route was planned for an alternative march?"
},
{
"answer": "Free Tibet",
"question": "What was on the ... |
1,479 | The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of "Friends of Falun Gong", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay throu... | [
{
"answer": "Susan Prager",
"question": "Who was the outreach director of HRTR?"
},
{
"answer": "Friends of Falun Gong",
"question": "What was the non profit that was funded by Mark Palmer?"
},
{
"answer": "Diego Maradona",
"question": "Which footballer decided to not be a torchbeare... |
1,480 | Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese a... | [
{
"answer": "Dar es Salaam",
"question": "Where was the only African destination for the torch?"
},
{
"answer": "April 13",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam?"
},
{
"answer": "the TAZARA Railway",
"question": "Where did the route start for the torch in Dar es Sa... |
1,481 |
Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji. | [
{
"answer": "Muscat",
"question": "Which Middle East location was the only area the torch visited?"
},
{
"answer": "April 14",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Muscat?"
},
{
"answer": "Sulaf Fawakherji",
"question": "Which actress carried the torch for part of the route?"
... |
1,482 |
Pakistan: The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16. President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay. Security was high, for what one newspaper called the "most sensitive leg" of the torch's Olympic journey. The relay was initi... | [
{
"answer": "April 16",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Islamabad?"
},
{
"answer": "Jinnah Stadium",
"question": "Where was an indoor ceremony held since the outdoor relay was cancelled?"
},
{
"answer": "Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani",
"question": "Who spoke at the ope... |
1,484 | Wary of protests, the Indian authorities have decided to shorten the route of the relay in New Delhi, and have given it the security normally associated with Republic Day celebrations, which are considered terrorist targets. Chinese intelligence's expectations of points on the relay route that would be particularly 'vu... | [
{
"answer": "Republic Day celebrations",
"question": "The security given to the torch relay in New Delhi is reminiscent of the security of what?"
},
{
"answer": "Nirupama Sen.",
"question": "The Chinese presented a list of vulnerable relay locations to who?"
},
{
"answer": "India's Comme... |
1,485 | India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and "a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question". Contradicting so... | [
{
"answer": "150,000",
"question": "How many people comprised the Tibetan exile community?"
},
{
"answer": "a democracy",
"question": "India refused China's request that the Tibetan exile community be avoided because they said India is what?"
},
{
"answer": "India",
"question": "Wher... |
1,486 | The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’." On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a p... | [
{
"answer": "Kiran Bedi",
"question": "Who did not want to participate in the relay as 'caged woman'?"
},
{
"answer": "Indian Police Service",
"question": "Where was Bedi retired from?"
},
{
"answer": "Soha Ali Khan",
"question": "Which actress decided to not participate on April 15?... |
1,487 |
Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GW... | [
{
"answer": "April 18",
"question": "When did the Olympic torch reach Bangkok?"
},
{
"answer": "M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse",
"question": "Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay?"
},
{
"answer": "students",
"question": "The media was told th... |
1,488 |
Malaysia: The event was held in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur, on April 21. The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square, passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers. Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliamen... | [
{
"answer": "April 21",
"question": "When did the torch visit Malaysia?"
},
{
"answer": "Kuala Lumpur",
"question": "What is the capital city of Malaysia?"
},
{
"answer": "Independence Square",
"question": "Where did the route begin in Malaysia?"
},
{
"answer": "1964",
"q... |
1,489 | Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital. As many as 1,000 personnel from the special police unit were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay. A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a ... | [
{
"answer": "Falun Gong",
"question": "Which supporters protested near the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?"
},
{
"answer": "Falun Gong",
"question": "Supporters of what demonstrated at the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?"
},
{
"answer": "plastic air-filled batons",
"question": "What were a... |
1,490 |
Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to "security worries", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered n... | [
{
"answer": "April 22",
"question": "When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta?"
},
{
"answer": "the Chinese embassy",
"question": "Who requested that the original route be cancelled?"
},
{
"answer": "journalists",
"question": "Along with invited people, who were the only other people... |
1,491 |
Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngu... | [
{
"answer": "April 24",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Canberra?"
},
{
"answer": "Agnes Shea",
"question": "Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra?"
},
{
"answer": "a message stick",
"question": "What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return?"
},
... |
1,492 | Following the events in Olympia, there were reports that China requested permission to deploy People's Liberation Army personnel along the relay route to protect the flame in Canberra. Australian authorities stated that such a request, if it were to be made, would be refused. Chinese officials labeled it a rumor. Austr... | [
{
"answer": "People's Liberation Army personnel",
"question": "Who did the Chinese want to deploy to Canberra to protect the flame?"
},
{
"answer": "sacred torch",
"question": "Chinese Australian students were told to defend what against scum and separatists?"
},
{
"answer": "Tony Goh",
... |
1,493 | Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event, explaining that she wished to express concern about China's human rights record. Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was "a very good example of peacefully making a point". | [
{
"answer": "Lin Hatfield Dodds",
"question": "Who withdrew as a torchbearer because of her concerns about human rights?"
},
{
"answer": "Foreign Minister Stephen Smith",
"question": "Who said Dodds' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting?"
},
{
"answer": "Lin Hatfield Do... |
1,497 |
North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, ... | [
{
"answer": "April 28",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Pyongyang?"
},
{
"answer": "Kim Yong Nam",
"question": "Who presided over the torch event in North Korea?"
},
{
"answer": "Pak Du Ik",
"question": "Who was the first torchbearer in North Korea?"
},
{
"answer": ... |
1,498 | The United Nations Organization and its children's agency UNICEF withdrew their staff, saying that it wasn't sure the event would help its mission of raising awareness of conditions for children and amid concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt. "It was unconscionable," said a UN official who was bri... | [
{
"answer": "a propaganda stunt.",
"question": "The United Nations Organization and UNICEF felt the relay could be used as what?"
},
{
"answer": "against human rights.",
"question": "North Korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard?"
},
{
"answer": "UNICE... |
1,499 | Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countr... | [
{
"answer": "April 29",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Vietnam?"
},
{
"answer": "Ho Chi Minh City",
"question": "Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?"
},
{
"answer": "60",
"question": "How many torchbearers carried the torch in Vietnam?"
},
{
"answer": "the d... |
1,500 | Prior to the rally, seven anti-China protestors were arrested in Hanoi after unfurling a banner and shouting "Boycott the Beijing Olympics" through a loudhailer at a market. A Vietnamese American was deported for planning protests against the torch, while a prominent blogger, Điếu Cày (real name Nguyễn Văn Hải), who bl... | [
{
"answer": "seven",
"question": "How many people protesting China were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?"
},
{
"answer": "Điếu Cày",
"question": "Which blogger calling for demonstrations was arrested for tax evasion?"
},
{
"answer": "Lê Minh Phiếu",
"question": "Which torchbeare... |
1,501 | Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun ... | [
{
"answer": "May 2",
"question": "When did the torch arrive in Hong Kong?"
},
{
"answer": "Lee Lai Shan",
"question": "Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong?"
},
{
"answer": "Hong Kong Cultural Centre",
"question": "Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong?"
},
{
"... |
1,503 | The Color Orange democracy group, led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschiøt, originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the "Pillar of Shame", a structure he built in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. However, Galschiøt and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on... | [
{
"answer": "The Color Orange democracy group",
"question": "Which group did Jens Galschiøt lead?"
},
{
"answer": "Pillar of Shame",
"question": "What did Galschiøt construct in Hong Kong in reference to the Tiananmen Square protests?"
},
{
"answer": "immigration reasons",
"question"... |
1,504 | Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de... | [
{
"answer": "May 3",
"question": "When did the torch visit Macao?"
},
{
"answer": "Macau Fisherman's Wharf",
"question": "Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao?"
},
{
"answer": "120",
"question": "How many torchbearers participated in Macao?"
},
{
"answer": "Leong Hong M... |
1,505 | A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Tel... | [
{
"answer": "cyberctm.com",
"question": "A Macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website?"
},
{
"answer": "orchidbbs.com",
"question": "In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days?"
},
{
"answer": "A Macau resident",
... |
1,506 | China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming t... | [
{
"answer": "May 4",
"question": "After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?"
},
{
"answer": "Jackie Chan",
"question": "What actor attended a torch celebration in China?"
},
{
"answer": "May 4",
"question": "When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan?"
},
{
"... |
1,507 | The coverage of the events by the media came under scrutiny during the relay. Chinese media coverage of the torch relay has been distinct in a number of ways from coverage elsewhere. Western reporters in Beijing have described Chinese media coverage as partial and censored (for example when Chinese media did not broadc... | [
{
"answer": "partial and censored",
"question": "The Chinese coverage of torch relay events has been accused by Western reporters as being what?"
},
{
"answer": "biased.",
"question": "In turn, Chinese supporters have accused Western media of being what in their coverage?"
},
{
"answer":... |
1,508 | In response to pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests, the Chinese media focused on the more disruptive protesters, referring for example to "a very small number of 'Tibet independence' secessionists and a handful of so-called human rights-minded NGO activists" intent on "disrupting and sabotaging the Beijing Olympic ... | [
{
"answer": "the more disruptive protesters",
"question": "What did the Chinese media focus on as far as human rights protesters?"
}
] |
1,509 | Xinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the rela... | [
{
"answer": "condemned the protests",
"question": "Xinhua and CCTV focused on people who what?"
},
{
"answer": "Marie-José Pérec",
"question": "Which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters?"
},
{
"answer": "radicals",
"question": "What did Xinhua call protesters?"... |
1,510 | Reports on the Delhi relay were similarly distinct. Despite intended torchbearers Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar and Bhaichung Bhutia all withdrawing from the event, the official Chinese website for the relay reported "Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics", and quoted torchbearers Manavjit... | [
{
"answer": "spirit of Olympics",
"question": "Though several torchbearers withdrew from the torch relay, the official website for China stated that Indian torch participants vowed to run for what?"
},
{
"answer": "sports and politics",
"question": "What did Ayaan Ali Khan and Manavjit Singh San... |
1,511 | Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias. The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relays. The Telegraph also asked its readers to send ... | [
{
"answer": "The Daily Telegraph",
"question": "Which United Kingdom newspaper published a Chinese ambassador's opinion that Western media had demonized China with torch coverage?"
},
{
"answer": "Libération",
"question": "What French newspaper did the Chinese media accuse of bias?"
},
{
... |
1,512 | On April 17, Xinhua condemned what it called "biased coverage of the Lhasa riots and the Olympic torch relay by the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN)". The same day, the Chinese government called on CNN to "apologise" for having allegedly insulted the Chinese people, and for "attempting to incite the Chinese people a... | [
{
"answer": "CNN",
"question": " Who did Xinhua accuse of biased reporting on April 17?"
},
{
"answer": "CNN",
"question": "Who was accused of bias on April 17 by Xinhua?"
},
{
"answer": "the Chinese government",
"question": "Who wanted CNN to apologize for its insult to Chinese peop... |
1,513 | On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as Western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled "The challenges of reporting in China", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Pa... | [
{
"answer": "The challenges of reporting in China",
"question": "What article did BBC put out about China just days earlier?"
},
{
"answer": "Paul Danahar",
"question": "Who stated that Chinese people could access the BBC news website after years of not being able to?"
},
{
"answer": "1,... |
1,514 | On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics". It included images of Chinese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Chinese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorr... | [
{
"answer": "People's Daily",
"question": "Who published \"Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage\" on April 20?"
},
{
"answer": "People's Daily",
"question": "Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias?"
}
] |
1,515 | On April 4, it was reported that the Chinese government appeared to be running an anti-CNN website that criticizes the cable network’s coverage of recent events. The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. However, foreign correspondents in Beijing voiced suspicions that Anti-cnn may be a semi-government... | [
{
"answer": "an anti-CNN website",
"question": "What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4?"
},
{
"answer": "a Beijing citizen.",
"question": "Who supposedly created the site?"
},
{
"answer": "a Beijing citizen.",
"question": "Who takes credit for creating the site?"... |
1,516 | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep... | [
{
"answer": "30",
"question": "How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels?"
},
{
"answer": "August 2007",
"question": "When were the 30 team members sworn in?"
},
{
"answer": "matching blue tracksuits",
"question": "What were their official team outfits?"
},
{
... |
1,518 | In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Dail... | [
{
"answer": "anti-Japanese protests",
"question": "The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005?"
},
{
"answer": "People's Daily",
"question": "Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?"
},
{
"answer": "Sohu.c... |
1,519 | In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the potential disruptions and confusion surrounding it. A city employee o... | [
{
"answer": "Shoichi Washizawa",
"question": "Who was the mayor of Nagano?"
},
{
"answer": "great nuisance",
"question": "How did Washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay?"
},
{
"answer": "a major Buddhist temple",
"question": "What was vandalized after a relay event was ca... |
1,520 | The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed] | [
{
"answer": "lanterns.",
"question": "In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?"
},
{
"answer": "during protests",
"question": "The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?"
}
] |
1,521 | A union planned to protest at the relay for better living conditions. Hong Kong legislator Michael Mak Kwok-fung and activist Chan Cheong, both members of the League of Social Democrats, were not allowed to enter Macau. | [
{
"answer": "Hong Kong legislator",
"question": "Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?"
}
] |
1,522 | Chinese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Chinese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Chinese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media". | [
{
"answer": "Jin Jing",
"question": "Which athlete did the official website call an angel?"
},
{
"answer": "Western media",
"question": "Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice?"
}
] |
1,523 | Two additional teams of 40 attendants each will accompany the flame on its Mainland China route. This arrangement has however sparked several controversies. | [
{
"answer": "Two",
"question": "How many additional teams will help with the Mainland China route?"
},
{
"answer": "40",
"question": "How many members are on each of these two teams?"
}
] |
1,524 | The ultimate substantive legacy of Principia Mathematica is mixed. It is generally accepted that Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem of 1931 definitively demonstrated that for any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics, there would in fact be some truths of mathematics which could not be ... | [
{
"answer": "the book popularized modern mathematical logic and drew important connections between logic, epistemology, and metaphysics",
"question": "Despite its imperfection, what are now considered valuable achievements of Principia Mathematica?"
},
{
"answer": "mixed",
"question": "What is t... |
1,525 | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and Other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was p... | [
{
"answer": "The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916",
"question": "What is the origin of the title of the book?"
},
{
"answer": "ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture",
"question": "How ... |
1,526 | Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisc... | [
{
"answer": "Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts",
"question": "What did Whitehead believe regarding the variety of subjects in education?"
},
{
"answer": "important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their ... |
1,527 | Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his fri... | [
{
"answer": "he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education",
"question": "What was the extent of Whitehead's education in philosophy?"
},
{
"answer": "\"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science for... |
1,528 | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists a... | [
{
"answer": "\"Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized.\"",
"question": "What quotation of Whitehead's was noted by a student in 1927?"
},
{
"answer": "such assumptions are not easily ... |
1,529 | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | [
{
"answer": "reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another",
"question": "What Cartesian concept did Whitehead believe to be erroneous?"
},
{
"answer": "event-based or \"process\" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally inte... |
1,530 | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blo... | [
{
"answer": "By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete",
"question": "How did Whitehead define the \"fallacy of misplaced concreteness\"?"
},
{
"answer": "\"quality\", \"matter\", and \"form\""... |
1,531 | To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to... | [
{
"answer": "discrete \"occasions of experience\" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing",
"question": "What did Whitehead believe were essentially the only things that truly exist?"
},
{
"answer": "\"defining essence\" or a \"core identity\"",
... |
1,532 | Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it ... | [
{
"answer": "it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things",
"question": "Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking?"
},
{
"answer": "should not prevent people from realizing that \"material substances\" or \... |
1,533 | A second problem with materialism is that it obscures the importance of relations. It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things. The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fu... | [
{
"answer": "Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things",
"question": "What is the general materialistic view of an object?"
},
{
"answer": "The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and spa... |
1,534 | In fact, Whitehead describes any entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it. A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it; that is to say, if theoretically a ... | [
{
"answer": "in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it",
"question": "How does Whitehead characterize anything that exists?"
},
{
"answer": "A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the... |
1,535 | Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent deca... | [
{
"answer": "Europe and China",
"question": "In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in recent decades?"
},
{
"answer": "William Temple",
"question": "Who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?"
},
{
"answer": "Temple's Giff... |
1,536 | Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whiteh... | [
{
"answer": "at the University of Chicago's Divinity School",
"question": "Where were the first followers mainly found?"
},
{
"answer": "Henry Nelson Wieman",
"question": "Who began the interest in Whitehead at Chicago's Divinity School?"
},
{
"answer": "John B. Cobb",
"question": "W... |
1,537 | But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucia... | [
{
"answer": "China",
"question": "Where is interest in Whitehead's work growing the fastest today?"
},
{
"answer": "modernization and industrialization",
"question": "What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?"
},
{
"answer": "traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Co... |
1,538 | Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming... | [
{
"answer": "his assertion that matter is an abstraction",
"question": "what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?"
},
{
"answer": "the sheer difficulty and density of his prose",
"question": "Why do some people believe Whitehead's writings may have restricted his influence... |
1,539 | One philosophical school which has historically had a close relationship with process philosophy is American pragmatism. Whitehead himself thought highly of William James and John Dewey, and acknowledged his indebtedness to them in the preface to Process and Reality. Charles Hartshorne (along with Paul Weiss) edited th... | [
{
"answer": "American pragmatism",
"question": "What philosophy is closely related to process philosophy?"
},
{
"answer": "William James and John Dewey",
"question": "What pragmatists did Whitehead acknowledge in the preface to \"Process and Reality\"?"
},
{
"answer": "Nicholas Rescher",... |
1,540 | In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings,... | [
{
"answer": "It has been severely criticized",
"question": "How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received?"
},
{
"answer": "Henry Stapp and David Bohm",
"question": "What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead?"
},
{
"answer": "Whitehead's view h... |
1,541 | This work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Su... | [
{
"answer": "Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order",
"question": "What award did Cobb and Daly receive for the book?"
},
{
"answer": "Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology",
"question": "What was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
1,542 | Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational cu... | [
{
"answer": "Xie Bangxiu",
"question": "Who established the FEELS model in China?"
},
{
"answer": "Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher",
"question": "What does \"FEELS\" stand for?"
},
{
"answer": "It is used for unde... |
1,543 | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety o... | [
{
"answer": "Mark Dibben",
"question": "What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?"
},
{
"answer": "\"applied process thought\"",
"question": "What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration?"
},
{
"answer": "philosophy of m... |
1,544 | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | [
{
"answer": "1910s",
"question": "During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?"
},
{
"answer": "philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics",
"question": "After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore?"
},
{
"answer": "pr... |
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