id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
1,651 | Residents of Saint-Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemoise people) are French citizens and work at establishments on the island. Most of them are descendants of the first settlers, of Breton, Norman, Poitevin, Saintongeais and Angevin lineage. French is the native tongue of the population. English is understood in hotels and r... | [
{
"answer": "Saint-Barthélemoise",
"question": "What are the people of St. Barts called?"
},
{
"answer": "French",
"question": "What is the native language of St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "500–700",
"question": "About how many people speak Patois French in St. Barts?"
},
{
"ans... |
1,652 | On 7 February 2007, the French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both St. Barthélemy and (separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin. The new status took effect on 15 July 2007, when the first territorial council was elected, according to the law. The island has a president (elected every five years), a... | [
{
"answer": "Saint Martin",
"question": "What island besides St. Barts was granted COM status by France in 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many years does a president have in office in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "in March 2012",
"question": "When was the last election ... |
1,653 | One senator represents the island in the French Senate. The first election was held on 21 September 2008 with the last election in September 2014. St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union on 1 January 2012, but the island's inhabitants remain French citizens with EU status holding EU passports.... | [
{
"answer": "September 2014",
"question": "When was the last senate election in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "the European Union",
"question": "What organization did St. Barts become a part of in 2012?"
},
{
"answer": "One",
"question": "How many senators represent St. Barts in France?... |
1,654 | Agricultural production on the island is difficult given the dry and rocky terrain, but the early settlers managed to produce vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing. Sweet potato is also grown in patches. The islanders developed commerce through the port of Gustavia. Duty-free port attractions, ... | [
{
"answer": "Agricultural production",
"question": "What is often difficult on the island?"
},
{
"answer": "Sweet potato",
"question": "What is grown in patches on the island?"
},
{
"answer": "salt",
"question": "What seasoning is found naturally on the island?"
},
{
"answer"... |
1,655 | International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists explain the high standard of living on the island. St. Barthélemy is considered a playground of the rich and famous,[citation needed] especially as a winter haven, and is known for its beaches, gourmet dining and high-end designers. Most of the food ... | [
{
"answer": "the rich and famous",
"question": "St. Barts is considered a playground for whom?"
},
{
"answer": "200,000",
"question": "How many tourists visit St. Barts each year?"
},
{
"answer": "€61,200,000",
"question": "What is the highest propoerty value recorded in St. Barts?"
... |
1,656 | St. Barthélemy has about 25 hotels, most of them with 15 rooms or fewer. The largest has 58 rooms. Hotels are classified in the traditional French manner; 3 Star, 4 Star and 4 Star Luxe. Of particular note are Eden Rock and Cheval Blanc. Hotel Le Toiny, the most expensive hotel on the island, has 12 rooms. Most places ... | [
{
"answer": "25",
"question": "About how many hotels does St. Barts have?"
},
{
"answer": "58",
"question": "How many rooms does the largest hotel in St. Barts have?"
},
{
"answer": "Portugal",
"question": "Which country besides Brazil does St. Barts import its labor force from?"
}... |
1,657 | As the terrain is generally arid, the hills have mostly poor soil and support only cacti and succulent plants. During the rainy season the area turns green with vegetation and grass. The eastern part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall. A 1994 survey has revealed several hundred indigenous species of ... | [
{
"answer": "succulent",
"question": "What types of plants are usually found at St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "The eastern part",
"question": "Which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall?"
},
{
"answer": "several hundred",
"question": "A 1994 found how many differen... |
1,658 | Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wir... | [
{
"answer": "aloe or aloe vera",
"question": "What plant was brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?"
},
{
"answer": "cereus",
"question": "What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "South America",
"question": "Where was the plant yellow bell b... |
1,659 | Marine mammals are many, such as the dolphins, porpoises and whales, which are seen here during the migration period from December till May. Turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island. They are a protected species and in the endangered list. It is stated that it will take 15–50 years for this species ... | [
{
"answer": "May",
"question": "When is the end of the dolphin migration period in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "December",
"question": "When is the beggining of the whale migration season?"
},
{
"answer": "Turtles",
"question": "What protected species is a common sight along the beach... |
1,660 | The marine life found here consists of anemones, urchins, sea cucumbers, and eels, which all live on the reefs along with turtles, conch and many varieties of marine fishes. The marine aquafauna is rich in conch, which has pearly-pink shells. Its meat is a favourite food supplement item and their shells are a collector... | [
{
"answer": "pearly-pink",
"question": "What color are conch shells?"
},
{
"answer": "conch",
"question": "What common sea creature produces a collectable Item?"
},
{
"answer": "shallow waters",
"question": "Where are surgeonfish found in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "ghost",
... |
1,661 | Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshor... | [
{
"answer": "1.200",
"question": "How many hectares does the marine preserve cover?"
},
{
"answer": "sea turtles",
"question": "What general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect?"
},
{
"answer": "Anchoring",
"question": "What is prohibited in all zones of the ... |
1,662 | Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses t... | [
{
"answer": "the Swedes",
"question": "Who built the three forts on St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "Gustav Adolph",
"question": "What was the former name of Fort Oscar?"
},
{
"answer": "1787",
"question": "When was Fort Gustav built?"
},
{
"answer": "ruins",
"question": "Most... |
1,663 | French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of sna... | [
{
"answer": "over 70",
"question": "How many restaurants does the island have?"
},
{
"answer": "in the hotels",
"question": "Where are most of the nice restaurants located?"
},
{
"answer": "les petits creux",
"question": "What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?"... |
1,664 | The Transat AG2R Race, held every alternate year, is an event which originates in Concarneau in Brittany, France, reaching St. Barthélemy. It is a boat race with boats of 10 m length with a single hull and with essential safety equipment. Each boat is navigated by two sailors. Kitesurfing and other water sports have al... | [
{
"answer": "every alternate year",
"question": "How often is the AG2R Race held?"
},
{
"answer": "Concarneau",
"question": "Where does the AG2R originate from?"
},
{
"answer": "boats",
"question": "What type of vehicles participate in the AG2R Race?"
},
{
"answer": "10 m",
... |
1,665 | St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana ... | [
{
"answer": "the north coast",
"question": "Where is the airport located on the island?"
},
{
"answer": "charters",
"question": "What other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "Princess Juliana International Airport",
"question": "What... |
1,666 | Saint-Barthélemy (French: Saint-Barthélemy, French pronunciation: [sɛ̃baʁtelemi]), officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy (French: Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts or St. Barths in Englis... | [
{
"answer": "France",
"question": "What country is Saint-Barthélemy a collectivity of?"
},
{
"answer": "Saint-Barth",
"question": "What is the French abbreviation for Saint-Barthélemy?"
},
{
"answer": "English",
"question": "In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts?"... |
1,667 | Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony f... | [
{
"answer": "volcanic",
"question": "What kind of island is St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "9,035",
"question": "What is the population of St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "Gustavia",
"question": "What is the capital of St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "Swedish",
"question": "What countr... |
1,668 | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | [
{
"answer": "Guadeloupe",
"question": "St. Barts was formerly a part of what French commune?"
},
{
"answer": "2003",
"question": "When did the residents of St. Barts file for separation from Guadeloupe?"
},
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "When did St. Barts finally received its inde... |
1,669 | Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral... | [
{
"answer": "Colombier Bay",
"question": "What is the name of the deepest bay at St Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "small",
"question": "Grande Saline Bay provides docking for what kind of boats?"
},
{
"answer": "visible coral reef",
"question": "The North and East sides of St. Barts are fri... |
1,670 | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | [
{
"answer": "22",
"question": "How many public beaches are there in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "15",
"question": "How many beaches in St. Barts are suitable to swim in?"
},
{
"answer": "leeward",
"question": "What is the portion of the island called that is protected from the sea by ... |
1,671 | The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from D... | [
{
"answer": "arid",
"question": "What type of climate does St. Barts typically have?"
},
{
"answer": "2,500",
"question": "How many hectares does the island have in total?"
},
{
"answer": "1000 mm",
"question": "How much average rainfall does St. Barts get per year?"
},
{
"an... |
1,672 | When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town i... | [
{
"answer": "1744",
"question": "When did the British invade the harbour town in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "1785",
"question": "What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town?"
},
{
"answer": "Carénage",
"question": "What was the port known as prior to the Swedish o... |
1,673 | Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s h... | [
{
"answer": "St. Barts Municipal Museum",
"question": "What is the English name of the historic museum in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy",
"question": "What is the French name for the historic museum in St. Barts?"
},
{
"answer": "Gustavia",
"question... |
1,674 | In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA. | [
{
"answer": "molecular biology and genetics",
"question": "In what fields of science is the genome studied?"
},
{
"answer": "DNA",
"question": "What is the content of the human genome?"
},
{
"answer": "RNA",
"question": "What constitutes the viral genome?"
}
] |
1,675 | The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related -ome words already existed—such as biome, rhizome, forming a v... | [
{
"answer": "Hans Winkler",
"question": "Who coined the word genome?"
},
{
"answer": "1920",
"question": "In what year was the word genome first created?"
},
{
"answer": "University of Hamburg",
"question": "At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome... |
1,676 | Some organisms have multiple copies of chromosomes: diploid, triploid, tetraploid and so on. In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism (typically eukarya) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell. The halving of the g... | [
{
"answer": "half",
"question": "A gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell?"
},
{
"answer": "meiosis",
"question": "What process splits the chromosome between gametes?"
},
{
"answer": "mitochondria and chloroplasts",
"question": "What are two cellular organelles wh... |
1,677 | When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been "sequenced", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes. Even in species that exist in only one sex, what i... | [
{
"answer": "genomics",
"question": "What is the science that deals with the common genetic characteristics of related organisms called?"
},
{
"answer": "single genes or groups of genes",
"question": "In contrast to genomics, genetics usually studies what?"
},
{
"answer": "sequenced",
... |
1,678 | Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is only a rough correlation between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequen... | [
{
"answer": "C-value paradox",
"question": "What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called?"
},
{
"answer": "trichomoniasis",
"question": "Which organism has the most genes?"
},
{
"answer": "60,000",
"question": "How many genes... |
1,679 | In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The first complete genome sequences among all three domai... | [
{
"answer": "Walter Fiers",
"question": "Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome?"
},
{
"answer": "Bacteriophage MS2",
"question": "Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?"
},
{
"answer": "Fred Sanger",
"question": "Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?"
},
{
... |
1,680 | The development of new technologies has made it dramatically easier and cheaper to do sequencing, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly. The US National Institutes of Health maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information. Among the thousands of completed genome sequenci... | [
{
"answer": "US National Institutes of Health",
"question": "Which U.S. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes?"
},
{
"answer": "mouse",
"question": "What is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced?"
},
{
"answer": "puffer fish",
"question": "What is a fish... |
1,681 | New sequencing technologies, such as massive parallel sequencing have also opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool, as pioneered by Manteia Predictive Medicine. A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson, one of the co-discoverers of ... | [
{
"answer": "massive parallel sequencing",
"question": "What is a recent development in sequencing methods?"
},
{
"answer": "Manteia Predictive Medicine",
"question": "Which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup?"
},
{
"answer": "James D. Watson",
"questi... |
1,682 | Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project... | [
{
"answer": "genome map",
"question": "What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?"
},
{
"answer": "The Human Genome Project",
"question": "Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?"
},
{
"answer": "Jean Weissen... |
1,683 | Genome composition is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome, which should include genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details. By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome. | [
{
"answer": "Genome composition",
"question": "What is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome?"
},
{
"answer": "evolutionary history",
"question": "What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about?"
}
] |
1,684 | When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85–90%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part. On the cont... | [
{
"answer": "prokaryotes and eukaryotes",
"question": "What two types of organisms have remarkable differences in their genomic composition?"
},
{
"answer": "exon-intron",
"question": "What type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes?"
},
{
"answer": "mammals and plants",
... |
1,685 | Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is... | [
{
"answer": "pathogenic microbe",
"question": "What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes?"
},
{
"answer": "virus",
"question": "What is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes?"
... |
1,686 | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | [
{
"answer": "plants, protozoa and animals",
"question": "What are examples of classes of eukaryotes where genome only refers to the information found in chromosomes?"
},
{
"answer": "plastome",
"question": "What is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts?"
},
{
"answer"... |
1,687 | Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. The genome size is positively correlated with the morphological complexity among prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes; however, after mollusks and all the other higher eukaryotes above, this correlation is no longer effective. This phenomeno... | [
{
"answer": "Genome size",
"question": "What is the name for the count of all DNA base pairs in a single haploid genome?"
},
{
"answer": "morphological complexity",
"question": "What does genome size have a direct relationship with in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes?"
},
{
"answer": "re... |
1,688 | Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developm... | [
{
"answer": "minimal genomes",
"question": "What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?"
},
{
"answer": "in vivo and in silico",
"question": "In what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes?"
}
] |
1,689 | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | [
{
"answer": "Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes",
"question": "What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?"
},
{
"answer": "proportion of non-repetitive DNA",
"question": "In higher eukaryotes, what has an inverse relationship with genome size?"
},
{
"answer": "genome size",
"qu... |
1,690 | It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-... | [
{
"answer": "E. coli",
"question": "What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?"
},
{
"answer": "C. elegans and fruit fly",
"question": "What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?"
},
{
"answer": "20%",
"question": "What... |
1,691 | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | [
{
"answer": "tandem repeats and interspersed repeats",
"question": "What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes?"
},
{
"answer": "proportion of repetitive DNA",
"question": "What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?"
}
] |
1,692 | Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, intersper... | [
{
"answer": "Tandem repeats",
"question": "Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA?"
},
{
"answer": "satellite DNA and microsatellites",
"question": "What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA?"
},
{
"answer": "interspersed repeats.",
"question": "What is the... |
1,693 | Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eu... | [
{
"answer": "Transposable elements",
"question": "What is the main source of interspersed repeats?"
},
{
"answer": "genome evolution",
"question": "What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?"
},
{
"answer": "retrotransposons",
... |
1,694 | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | [
{
"answer": "RNA",
"question": "What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?"
}
] |
1,695 | DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found. | [
{
"answer": "cut and paste",
"question": "What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move?"
},
{
"answer": "RNA",
"question": "DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs?"
}
] |
1,696 | Genomes are more than the sum of an organism's genes and have traits that may be measured and studied without reference to the details of any particular genes and their products. Researchers compare traits such as chromosome number (karyotype), genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content to determine what... | [
{
"answer": "karyotype",
"question": "What is another word for the total count of chromosomes?"
},
{
"answer": "genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content",
"question": "Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?"
}
] |
1,697 | Duplications play a major role in shaping the genome. Duplication may range from extension of short tandem repeats, to duplication of a cluster of genes, and all the way to duplication of entire chromosomes or even entire genomes. Such duplications are probably fundamental to the creation of genetic novelty. | [
{
"answer": "Duplications",
"question": "What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?"
},
{
"answer": "genetic novelty",
"question": "What is a possible product of duplications?"
}
] |
1,698 | Horizontal gene transfer is invoked to explain how there is often extreme similarity between small portions of the genomes of two organisms that are otherwise very distantly related. Horizontal gene transfer seems to be common among many microbes. Also, eukaryotic cells seem to have experienced a transfer of some genet... | [
{
"answer": "Horizontal gene transfer",
"question": "What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome?"
},
{
"answer": "microbes",
"question": "In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly?"
},
{
"answer": "chloroplast and mito... |
1,699 | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive... | [
{
"answer": "comprehensive school",
"question": "What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?"
},
{
"answer": "selective school system",
"question": "What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?"
},
{
"answer": "England and Wales",
"que... |
1,700 | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less... | [
{
"answer": "design and technology and vocational learning",
"question": "What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools?"
},
{
"answer": "Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges",
"question": "What two kinds of schools were devel... |
1,702 | In principle, comprehensive schools were conceived as "neighbourhood" schools for all students in a specified catchment area. Current education reforms with Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges will no doubt have some impact on the comprehensive ideal but it is too early to say to what de... | [
{
"answer": "neighbourhood",
"question": "What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?"
},
{
"answer": "Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges",
"question": "What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of com... |
1,703 | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | [
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "In what decade did Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?"
},
{
"answer": "7 to 16",
"question": "What age ranges does Finnish comprehensive school cover?"
}
] |
1,704 | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | [
{
"answer": "comprehensive",
"question": "What type of school is the Gesamtschule?"
},
{
"answer": "remedial",
"question": "What kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?"
},
{
"answer": "the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abi... |
1,705 | The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. | [
{
"answer": "50%",
"question": "What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?"
},
{
"answer": "less than 1%",
"question": "What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?"
}
] |
1,706 | Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg). | [
{
"answer": "Stadtteilschule",
"question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?"
},
{
"answer": "Sekundarschule",
"question": "What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlin?"
},
{
"a... |
1,707 | The "Mittelschule" is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, and any student who has not been accepted by another school has to attend the Mittelschule. Students may be awarded the... | [
{
"answer": "college preparatory classes",
"question": "What kind of classes are not offered in Mittelschule?"
},
{
"answer": "Abitur",
"question": "What certificate is not available to Mittelschule students?"
},
{
"answer": "Hauptschule",
"question": "What kind of school is not avai... |
1,709 | Gesamtschulen might put bright working class students at risk according to several studies. It could be shown that an achievement gap opens between working class students attending a comprehensive and their middle class peers. Also working class students attending a Gymnasium or a Realschule outperform students from si... | [
{
"answer": "bright working class students",
"question": "Who could be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?"
},
{
"answer": "middle class peers",
"question": "From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools?"
},
{
"answer": "Hauptschule",... |
1,710 | According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awar... | [
{
"answer": "Helmut Fend",
"question": "Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?"
},
{
"answer": "tripartite system",
"question": "To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?"
}
] |
1,711 | Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels. | [
{
"answer": "1972",
"question": "When was the first comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?"
},
{
"answer": "sixth form",
"question": "Where can students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?"
},
{
"answer": "A-levels",
"question": "What examinations do students pre... |
1,712 | Comprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until then, education in Ireland wa... | [
{
"answer": "1966",
"question": "When did Ireland first open comprehensive schools?"
},
{
"answer": "Patrick Hillery",
"question": "Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?"
},
{
"answer": "vocational school system",
"question": "What was the only state-run ... |
1,713 | In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still... | [
{
"answer": "1970s",
"question": "In what decade were community schools conceived?"
},
{
"answer": "The state",
"question": "Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?"
}
] |
1,714 | The introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the Minister for Education and th... | [
{
"answer": "the denominational basis of the schools",
"question": "What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?"
},
{
"answer": "Community colleges",
"question": "What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?"
}
] |
1,715 | The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools... | [
{
"answer": "1946",
"question": "In what year was the Walworth School established?"
},
{
"answer": "London County Council",
"question": "Who established the Walworth School?"
},
{
"answer": "Holyhead County School",
"question": "What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey?"... |
1,716 | The largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities to plan for conversion. Stud... | [
{
"answer": "Anthony Crosland",
"question": "Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?"
},
{
"answer": "Secretary of State for Education",
"question": "what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?"
},
{
"answer": "Secondary technical schools",
"qu... |
1,717 | In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehens... | [
{
"answer": "Margaret Thatcher",
"question": "Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?"
},
{
"answer": "comprehensive",
"question": "What kind of school did Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?"
},
{
"answer": "Conservative",
"question": "What... |
1,718 | By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to a... | [
{
"answer": "1975",
"question": "By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?"
},
{
"answer": "neighbourhood comprehensives",
"question": "What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?"
},
{
"answer": "comprehensive schools",
"question": "Grammar schoo... |
1,719 | In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future... | [
{
"answer": "James Callaghan",
"question": "Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?"
},
{
"answer": "Comprehensive school",
"question": "What is the only kind of school operating in Wales?"
},
{
"answer": "Labour",
"question": "Which political party was James Ca... |
1,720 | Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbou... | [
{
"answer": "Education Reform Act",
"question": "What law enables parents full control over their child's education?"
},
{
"answer": "1988",
"question": "In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?"
},
{
"answer": "specialisation",
"question": "What concept does the gove... |
1,721 | Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Governmen... | [
{
"answer": "comprehensive",
"question": "All public primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?"
},
{
"answer": "specialist schools",
"question": "What has Scotland refused to adopt?"
},
{
"answer": "2005",
"question": "When was Scotland's latest rejection of the spe... |
1,722 | Education in Northern Ireland differs slightly from systems used elsewhere in the United Kingdom, but it is more similar to that used in England and Wales than it is to Scotland. | [
{
"answer": "Scotland",
"question": "Which country is Northern England's school system most different from?"
},
{
"answer": "England and Wales",
"question": "Which countries have school systems somewhat similar to Northern Ireland?"
}
] |
1,723 | The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Demo... | [
{
"answer": "République du Congo",
"question": "What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Central African Republic",
"question": "Which country lies on Congo's northeast border?"
},
{
"answer": "Gabon",
"question": "Whic country lies on Congo's western b... |
1,724 | The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo wa... | [
{
"answer": "Bantu",
"question": "What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "1960",
"question": "When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule?"
},
{
"answer": "Denis Sassou Nguesso",
"question": "Who is the ruler of the Congo?"
},
... |
1,725 | The political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of oil revenues. | [
{
"answer": "fourth",
"question": "What is the Congo's rank among other oil generating nations in the Gulf of Guinea?"
},
{
"answer": "oil revenues",
"question": "What income is subject to uneven distribution in the Congo?"
}
] |
1,726 | Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis fo... | [
{
"answer": "Pygmy",
"question": "What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes?"
},
{
"answer": "1500 BC",
"question": "When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people?"
},
{
"answer": "Bantu... |
1,727 | The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, d... | [
{
"answer": "Diogo Cão",
"question": "Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484?"
},
{
"answer": "Portuguese",
"question": "What was Diogo Cao's nationality?"
},
{
"answer": "commodities, manufactured goods, and people",
"question": "What did European traders e... |
1,728 | The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, ... | [
{
"answer": "1880",
"question": "When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?"
},
{
"answer": "Pierre de Brazza",
"question": "Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?"
},
{
"answer": "Middle Congo",
"question": "What was the French Congo's name... |
1,729 | During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrast... | [
{
"answer": "Brazzaville",
"question": "What served as the capital of France in spirit during the Occupation?"
},
{
"answer": "Brazzaville Conference of 1944",
"question": "What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies?"
},
{
"answer": "1946",
"question":... |
1,730 | Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first... | [
{
"answer": "1958",
"question": "When was the Fifth Republic founded?"
},
{
"answer": "the AEF",
"question": "What was disbanded in 1958?"
},
{
"answer": "the Republic of the Congo",
"question": "In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to?"
},
{
"answer": "1959",
... |
1,731 | The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian... | [
{
"answer": "August 15, 1960",
"question": "On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule?"
},
{
"answer": "Fulbert Youlou",
"question": "Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Alphonse Massamba-Débat",
"question": "Who replaced You... |
1,732 | Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and N... | [
{
"answer": "Massamba-Débat",
"question": "Who became president of the Congo in 1963?"
},
{
"answer": "scientific socialism",
"question": "What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?"
},
{
"answer": "Cuban",
"question": "Soldiers fr... |
1,733 | Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese ... | [
{
"answer": "Marien Ngouabi",
"question": "Who became president of the Congo in 1968?"
},
{
"answer": "People's Republic of the Congo",
"question": "What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?"
},
{
"answer": "Congolese Labour Party",
"question": "What did the National Revolution... |
1,734 | Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship. | [
{
"answer": "Eastern Bloc",
"question": "Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?"
},
{
"answer": "the Soviet Union",
"question": "Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?"
},
{
"answer": "dictatorship",
"question": "What is a word that can be used to de... |
1,735 | Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on ... | [
{
"answer": "Pascal Lissouba",
"question": "Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?"
},
{
"answer": "IMF",
"question": "Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?"
},
{
"answer": "civil war",
"question": "What interrupted the ... |
1,736 | Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in B... | [
{
"answer": "Lissouba and Sassou",
"question": "Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?"
},
{
"answer": "Cobras",
"question": "What is the name of Sassou's personal army?"
},
{
"answer": "Angolan",
"question": "What nationality were the forces that invaded the... |
1,737 | In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution,... | [
{
"answer": "Milongo",
"question": "Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?"
},
{
"answer": "seven years",
"question": "How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?"
},
{
"answer": "January 2002",
"question": "When was... |
1,738 | Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities". | [
{
"answer": "Sassou",
"question": "Who won the presidential election in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "Congolese Observatory of Human Rights",
"question": "Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?"
},
{
"answer": "very low",
"question": "What kind of turnout did the ... |
1,739 | Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congo... | [
{
"answer": "multi-party",
"question": "What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?"
},
{
"answer": "Congolese Labour Party",
"question": "Which party does Sassou belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "Parti Congolais du Travail",
"question": "What is the Fren... |
1,740 | Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial". | [
{
"answer": "corruption revelations",
"question": "What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?"
},
{
"answer": "France",
"question": "What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?"
}
] |
1,741 | On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that th... | [
{
"answer": "March 27, 2015",
"question": "When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?"
},
{
"answer": "third",
"question": "Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?"
}
] |
1,742 | In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels. | [
{
"answer": "the government",
"question": "Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008"
},
{
"answer": "one",
"question": "How many government TV stations exist?"
},
{
"answer": "10",
"question": "How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?"
}
] |
1,743 | Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peo... | [
{
"answer": "Bantus",
"question": "Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?"
},
{
"answer": "pets",
"question": "The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?"
},
{
"answer": "December 30, 2010",
"question": "When did the government of the Congo pass a ... |
1,744 | Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and C... | [
{
"answer": "4°N and 5°S",
"question": "Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?"
},
{
"answer": "11° and 19°E",
"question": "Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?"
},
{
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"question": "What ocean connects to the Congo?"
... |
1,745 | The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | [
{
"answer": "Brazzaville",
"question": "What is the capital of the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Congo River",
"question": "On what river can Brazzaville be found?"
},
{
"answer": "Kinshasa",
"question": "What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
1,746 | The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure. | [
{
"answer": "coastal plain",
"question": "What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "Kouilou-Niari River",
"question": "Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?"
},
{
"answer": "plateau",
"question": "The middle of t... |
1,747 | Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 milli... | [
{
"answer": "Equator",
"question": "On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?"
},
{
"answer": "24 °C (75 °F)",
"question": "What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?"
},
{
"answer": "16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)",
"question": "What is the average ... |
1,748 | In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps. | [
{
"answer": "Wildlife Conservation Society",
"question": "Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?"
},
{
"answer": "Sangha Region",
"question": "What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?"
},
{
"answer": "inhospitable swamps",
"question": "What ... |
1,749 | The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of th... | [
{
"answer": "Petroleum",
"question": "What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?"
},
{
"answer": "budget problems and overstaffing",
"question": "What are two issues in the Congolese government?"
},
{
"answer": "forestry",
"question": "What did petroleum production repla... |
1,750 | In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, ... | [
{
"answer": "large-scale development projects",
"question": "What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?"
},
{
"answer": "5%",
"question": "What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?"
},
{
"answer": "50%",
"que... |
1,751 | Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interes... | [
{
"answer": "civil war",
"question": "What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?"
},
{
"answer": "slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict",
"question": "What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?"
},
{
"answer": "December 199... |
1,752 | The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 200... | [
{
"answer": "stimulating recovery and reducing poverty",
"question": "What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?"
},
{
"answer": "Natural gas and diamonds",
"question": "What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?"
},
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": ... |
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