id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
16,199 | The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company, in 1765, when the Company was gr... | [
{
"answer": "the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers.",
"question": "What did the development of new imperialism cause?"
},
{
"answer": "1757",
"question": "When did the commercial colonization of India begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Nawab of Bengal surrende... |
16,200 | The Maratha states, following the Anglo-Maratha wars, eventually lost to the British East India Company in 1818 with the Third Anglo-Maratha War. The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian rebellion of 1857 and consequent of the Government of India Act 1858, the British government assumed the task of directly a... | [
{
"answer": "1818",
"question": "In what year did the Maratha states lose to the British East Company?"
},
{
"answer": "the Third Anglo-Maratha War",
"question": "What was the name of the war lost by the Maratha states in 1818?"
},
{
"answer": "1858",
"question": "How long did the Br... |
16,201 | The Dutch East India Company (1800) and British East India Company (1858) were dissolved by their respective governments, who took over the direct administration of the colonies. Only Thailand was spared the experience of foreign rule, although, Thailand itself was also greatly affected by the power politics of the Wes... | [
{
"answer": "their respective governments",
"question": "What dispatched of The Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company?"
},
{
"answer": "Thailand",
"question": "What country did not have to succumb to forign rule?"
},
{
"answer": "colonial powers",
"question": "W... |
16,202 | Many major events caused Europe to change around the start of the 16th century, starting with the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the fall of Muslim Spain and the discovery of the Americas in 1492, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation in 1517. In England the modern period is often dated to the start of the Tudor ... | [
{
"answer": "1453",
"question": "In what year did the fall of Constantinople happen? "
},
{
"answer": "Battle of Bosworth in 1485",
"question": "When is the modern period dated in England?"
},
{
"answer": "Richard III",
"question": "Who was defeated by Henry Vll at the battle of Bosw... |
16,204 | Traditionally, the European intellectual transformation of and after the Renaissance bridged the Middle Ages and the Modern era. The Age of Reason in the Western world is generally regarded as being the start of modern philosophy, and a departure from the medieval approach, especially Scholasticism. Early 17th-century ... | [
{
"answer": "European intellectual transformation",
"question": "What bridged the middle ages to the modern era?"
},
{
"answer": "The Age of Reason",
"question": "What is regarded as the start of modern philosophy? "
},
{
"answer": "Renaissance philosophy",
"question": "What does the... |
16,205 | The Age of Enlightenment is a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the 18th century in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. Enlightenment gained momentum more or less simultaneously in many parts of Europe and America. Developing during the Enlightenment e... | [
{
"answer": "the 15th century",
"question": "From where does the phrase humanist originate? "
},
{
"answer": "speak well and write",
"question": "What is the basic training of a humanist?"
},
{
"answer": "Europe and America",
"question": "Where did Enlightenment gain momentum?"
},
... |
16,206 | Renaissance humanism took a close study of the Latin and Greek classical texts, and was antagonistic to the values of scholasticism with its emphasis on the accumulated commentaries; and humanists were involved in the sciences, philosophies, arts and poetry of classical antiquity. They self-consciously imitated classic... | [
{
"answer": "Latin and Greek classical texts",
"question": "What did renaissance humanism reference?"
},
{
"answer": "scholasticism",
"question": "renaissance humanism was antagonistic to what?"
},
{
"answer": "accumulated commentaries",
"question": "What did renaissance humanism pla... |
16,207 | The quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns was a literary and artistic quarrel that heated up in the early 1690s and shook the Académie française. The opposing two sides were, the Ancients (Anciens) who constrain choice of subjects to those drawn from the literature of Antiquity and the Moderns (Modernes), who support... | [
{
"answer": "literary and artistic",
"question": "What was the basis of the quarrel between the Ancients and the moderns?"
},
{
"answer": "early 1690s",
"question": "In what time period did the quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns peak?"
},
{
"answer": "authors of the century of ... |
16,208 | The Scientific Revolution was a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected and led to doctrines supplanting those that had prevailed from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages which would lead to a transition to modern science. T... | [
{
"answer": "a transition to modern science",
"question": "What did the Scientific Revolution cause?"
},
{
"answer": "a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected",
"question": "What s the Scientific R... |
16,209 | The changes were accompanied by violent turmoil which included the trial and execution of the king, vast bloodshed and repression during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power. Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorati... | [
{
"answer": "execution of the king",
"question": "What happened to the king after the trial?"
},
{
"answer": "every other major European power.",
"question": "Who else was involved in the warfare?"
},
{
"answer": "the Napoleonic Wars",
"question": "name an event that can be contribut... |
16,210 | The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from... | [
{
"answer": "The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte",
"question": "What characterized the Napoleonic Era?"
},
{
"answer": "Corsica",
"question": "Where was Napoleon Bonaparte born?"
},
{
"answer": "St. Helena",
"question": "Where was Napoleon Bonaparte die? "
... |
16,211 | Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end o... | [
{
"answer": "social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy",
"question": "What is Italian Unification?"
},
{
"answer": "in the 19th century",
"question": "When did the Italian Unification occur?"
},
{
"answer": "1871",
"question... |
16,212 | Beginning the Age of Revolution, the American Revolution and the ensuing political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century saw the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States o... | [
{
"answer": "British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America.",
"question": "What event did the American revolution cause?"
},
{
"answer": "overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy",
"question": "How did the Thirte... |
16,213 | The American Revolution begun with fighting at Lexington and Concord. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that draf... | [
{
"answer": "Lexington and Concord",
"question": "Where did the American Revolution start?"
},
{
"answer": "Declaration of Independence",
"question": "What was issued on July 4, 1776?"
},
{
"answer": "independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.",
"ques... |
16,214 | The decolonization of the Americas was the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule. Decolonization began with a series of revolutions in the late 18th and early-to-mid-19th centuries. The Spanish American wars of independence were the numerous wars against Spanish rul... | [
{
"answer": "the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule.",
"question": "What is the decolonization of the Americas? "
},
{
"answer": "18th and early-to-mid-19th centuries.",
"question": "When did the decolonization of the Americas begin?"
},... |
16,215 | When the Central Junta fell to the French, numerous new Juntas appeared all across the Americas, eventually resulting in a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina and Chile in the south, to Mexico in the north. After the death of the king Ferdinand VII, in 1833, only Cuba and Puerto Rico remained... | [
{
"answer": "the French",
"question": "Who did the central Junta fall to?"
},
{
"answer": "king Ferdinand VII",
"question": "What king died in 1833?"
},
{
"answer": "Cuba and Puerto Rico",
"question": "After King Ferdinand died, who remained under Spanish rule?"
},
{
"answer"... |
16,216 | The first Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships and railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electric power generation. The Second Industr... | [
{
"answer": "around 1850",
"question": "When did the first industrial revolution merge into the second? "
},
{
"answer": "the internal combustion engine and electric power generation.",
"question": "The 19th century was also known as? "
},
{
"answer": "separate Technical Revolution",
... |
16,217 | Industrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a subdivision of a more general modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particula... | [
{
"answer": "social and economic change",
"question": "What is industrialization? "
},
{
"answer": "technological innovation",
"question": "industrialization is a subdivision of what general process?"
},
{
"answer": "from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one.",
"question":... |
16,218 | The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first r... | [
{
"answer": "1846",
"question": "When did the modern petroleum industry start? "
},
{
"answer": "the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal",
"question": "What started the modern petroleum industry ?"
},
{
"answer": "Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner",
"question": "W... |
16,219 | Engineering achievements of the revolution ranged from electrification to developments in materials science. The advancements made a great contribution to the quality of life. In the first revolution, Lewis Paul was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton m... | [
{
"answer": "electrification to developments in materials science.",
"question": "In what fields did achievements occur during the revolution?"
},
{
"answer": "quality of life",
"question": "What did the advancements during the revolution improve for people?"
},
{
"answer": "roller spinn... |
16,220 | In the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 ... | [
{
"answer": "the creation of the first industrial research laboratory",
"question": "Thomas Edison is credited with?"
},
{
"answer": "110 volts",
"question": "How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?"
},
{
"answer": "the world's first large-scale electrical supply ne... |
16,221 | The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French Revolution of 1848, soon... | [
{
"answer": "1848",
"question": "When did the European revolutions occur?"
},
{
"answer": "tens of thousands",
"question": "How many people were estimated to be killed in the revolutions? "
},
{
"answer": "Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution",
"question": "What are European r... |
16,222 | Following the Enlightenment's ideas, the reformers looked to the Scientific Revolution and industrial progress to solve the social problems which arose with the Industrial Revolution. Newton's natural philosophy combined a mathematics of axiomatic proof with the mechanics of physical observation, yielding a coherent sy... | [
{
"answer": "Scientific Revolution and industrial progress",
"question": "What did the reformers look to to solve social problems?"
},
{
"answer": "a coherent system of verifiable predictions",
"question": "What is Newton Natural philosophy?"
},
{
"answer": "reliance on revelation and in... |
16,223 | Under Peter I (the Great), Russia was proclaimed an Empire in 1721 and became recognized as a world power. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles), as well as Estland and Livland, securing ... | [
{
"answer": "Peter I",
"question": "Under whom was Russia declared an empire?"
},
{
"answer": "1721",
"question": "In what year was Russia declared an empire?"
},
{
"answer": "1682 to 1725",
"question": "Through what period did Peter I rule?"
},
{
"answer": "Sweden",
"que... |
16,224 | The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to dev... | [
{
"answer": "the period of Queen Victoria's reign",
"question": "What was the Victorian era of the United Kingdom? "
},
{
"answer": "1837 to January 1901",
"question": "Through what Period did Queen Victoria reign? "
},
{
"answer": "a long period of prosperity for the British people",
... |
16,225 | In Britain's "imperial century", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside... | [
{
"answer": "any serious international rival",
"question": "What did defeating Napoleon leave Britain without?"
},
{
"answer": "Unchallenged at sea",
"question": "Why did Britain adopt the role of Global Policemen?"
},
{
"answer": "Pax Britannica",
"question": "Britain adopting the r... |
16,226 | British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, ... | [
{
"answer": "steamship and the telegraph",
"question": "What was British imperial strength replace by?"
},
{
"answer": "a network of telegraph cables",
"question": "What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?"
},
{
"answer": "the second half of the 19th century",
"question": "When... |
16,227 | The Bourbon Restoration followed the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814. The Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as... | [
{
"answer": "Napoleon I of France",
"question": "The Bourbon Restoration followed what event?"
},
{
"answer": "Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne.",
"question": "What is the Bourbon Restoration? "
},
{
"answer": "a period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France... |
16,228 | The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wi... | [
{
"answer": "France and Prussia",
"question": "What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war?"
},
{
"answer": "final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.",
"question": "What did the Prussian and German victory mark?"
},
{
"answer": "North German Confederation"... |
16,229 | The major European powers laid claim to the areas of Africa where they could exhibit a sphere of influence over the area. These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate. The European power that demonstrated its control over a territory accepted the mandate to rule that regi... | [
{
"answer": "exhibit a sphere of influence over the area",
"question": "Why did European powers lay claim to areas Africa?"
},
{
"answer": "These claims did not have to have any substantial land holdings or treaties to be legitimate.",
"question": "What did the European powers need to make their... |
16,230 | At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which inc... | [
{
"answer": "one-fifth",
"question": "What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?"
},
{
"answer": "they were dividing an unknown continent.",
"question": "What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?"
},
{
"an... |
16,233 | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | [
{
"answer": "serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves.",
"question": "Laws mandated that every able bodies Japanese citizen do what?"
},
{
"answer": "peasant and warrior alike.",
"question": "Who initially rejected the Japane... |
16,234 | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | [
{
"answer": "a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery",
"question": "What is the antebellum age?"
},
{
"answer": "1861",
"question": "When did the civil was begin?"
},
{
"answer": "with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854",
"question": "When was the A... |
16,235 | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | [
{
"answer": "all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.",
"question": "What did northern leaders agree on about slavery?"
},
{
"answer": "mobilizing support for the war goals",
"question": "What did Lincoln do well in the war?"
},
{
"answer": "The Confederacy had a large... |
16,236 | During the Gilded Age, there was substantial growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century. The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansio... | [
{
"answer": "extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class",
"question": "What happened in the Glided Age/"
},
{
"answer": "late 19th century",
"question": "In what time period did the Glided Age occur?"
},
{
"answer": "industrial and population expansion.",
"que... |
16,237 | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | [
{
"answer": "transportation and communication infrastructure",
"question": "What creations brought in the modern industrial economy?"
},
{
"answer": "the corporation",
"question": "What became the dominant form of business organization? "
},
{
"answer": "managerial revolution",
"ques... |
16,238 | Replacing the classical physics in use since the end of the scientific revolution, modern physics arose in the early 20th century with the advent of quantum physics, substituting mathematical studies for experimental studies and examining equations to build a theoretical structure.[citation needed] The old quantum theo... | [
{
"answer": "early 20th century",
"question": "When did modern physics arise?"
},
{
"answer": "a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.",
"question": "What is the old Quantum theory?"
},
{
"answer": "Michelson-Morley exp... |
16,239 | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | [
{
"answer": "as steps toward modernization",
"question": "Why did Chinese philosophy begin to mix with western concepts?"
},
{
"answer": "1911",
"question": "When did the Xinhai Revolution begin?"
},
{
"answer": "to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China"... |
16,241 | Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite hi... | [
{
"answer": "his theories of special relativity and general relativity",
"question": "What is Albert Einstein known for? "
},
{
"answer": "mathematical treatment",
"question": "What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion?"
},
{
"answer": "the paradox of specific heats",
"question": ... |
16,242 | In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have... | [
{
"answer": "six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation.",
"question": "What is the federation of Australia?"
},
{
"answer": "matters concerning the whole nation.",
"question": "What was... |
16,243 | The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909... | [
{
"answer": "civil unrest and foreign invasions.",
"question": "What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by? "
},
{
"answer": "attempt to reform the government in various",
"question": "What did the Qing dynasty attempt to do n the face of civil unrest? "
},
{
"answer": "either... |
16,244 | In 1912, the Republic of China was established and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. But power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible fo... | [
{
"answer": "1912",
"question": "When was the Republic of China established?"
},
{
"answer": "agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government.",
"question": "What did China agree to avoid the undermining of the Republic?"
},
{
"answer": "Yuan Shikai",
"questio... |
16,245 | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | [
{
"answer": "shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government.",
"question": "What happened to China after the 20th century revolutions?"
},
{
"answer": "various warlords",
"question": "Who ultimately gained control of the Beijing government?"
},
... |
16,246 | Four years into the 20th century saw the Russo-Japanese War with the Battle of Port Arthur establishing the Empire of Japan as a world power. The Russians were in constant pursuit of a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. The Manchurian Campaign of the Russian Empire was f... | [
{
"answer": "Four years into the 20th century",
"question": "When dd the Russo-Japanese war take place?"
},
{
"answer": "the Empire of Japan as a world power.",
"question": "What did the battle of Port Arthur establish?"
},
{
"answer": "warm water port",
"question": "What were the Ru... |
16,247 | The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The i... | [
{
"answer": "the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War,",
"question": "What is the Edwardian era?"
},
{
"answer": "Second Boer War",
"question": "What event split the United Kingdom into two groups?"
},
{
"answer": "1906",
"question": "In w... |
16,248 | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | [
{
"answer": "the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.",
"question": "What is The Triple Entente?"
},
{
"answer": "1907.",
"question": "When was the Anglo -Russia Entente signed?"
},
{
"ans... |
16,250 | The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the di... | [
{
"answer": "1914",
"question": "When did the first World War begin? "
},
{
"answer": "British Empire, France, Russia",
"question": "Who led the Allied powers?"
},
{
"answer": "Japan and the United States",
"question": "Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-... |
16,251 | Much of the fighting in World War I took place along the Western Front, within a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland. On the Eastern Front, the vast eastern plains and limited rail network prevented a trench warfa... | [
{
"answer": "along the Western Front",
"question": "Where did most of the fighting in World War I take place?"
},
{
"answer": "a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a \"No man's land\") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland.",
"question": "What i... |
16,252 | Ultimately, World War I created a decisive break with the old world order that had emerged after the Napoleonic Wars, which was modified by the mid-19th century's nationalistic revolutions. The results of World War I would be important factors in the development of World War II approximately 20 years later. More immedi... | [
{
"answer": "mid-19th century's",
"question": "In what century did the Nationalistic revolutions occur?"
},
{
"answer": "20 years later.",
"question": "How many years after world war I did world war II start?"
},
{
"answer": "partitioning of the Ottoman Empire",
"question": "What wit... |
16,253 | The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. Following the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established. In October 1917, a red faction revolution occurred in which the... | [
{
"answer": "a red faction revolution",
"question": "What event happened in October of 1917?"
},
{
"answer": "the Russian Provisional Government was established.",
"question": "What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?"
},
{
"answer": "armed groups of workers and deserting s... |
16,254 | Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservati... | [
{
"answer": "1917",
"question": "When was the armistice signed between Russia and Central powers?"
},
{
"answer": "huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire",
"question": "What did Central powers concede in exchange for peace?"
},
{
"answer": "... |
16,255 | The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and then in other places. In the wake of the October Revolution, th... | [
{
"answer": "Petrograd (St. Petersburg)",
"question": "Where did Soviets under the rule of the Bolshevik first assume power during the Russian Civil War?"
},
{
"answer": "demobilized",
"question": "In the wake of the October resolution, what happened to the Russian Imperial Army?"
},
{
... |
16,256 | The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in t... | [
{
"answer": "Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.",
"question": "Who was the principal fighting between?"
},
{
"answer": "1918 to 1920",
"question": "In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?"
},
{
"answer": "General Pyotr Wrangel",
"question": "What gene... |
16,257 | The May Fourth Movement helped to rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution. In 1917 Sun Yat-sen had become commander-in-chief of a rival military government in Guangzhou in collaboration with southern warlords. Sun's efforts to obtain aid from the Western democracies were ignored, however, and in 1920 he... | [
{
"answer": "rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution.",
"question": "What did the May Fourth movement help do?"
},
{
"answer": "a rival military government in Guangzhou",
"question": "Sun Yat-Sen became the leader of what military group."
},
{
"answer": "aid",
"questi... |
16,258 | In North America, especially the first half of this period, people experienced considerable prosperity in the Roaring Twenties. The social and societal upheaval known as the Roaring Twenties began in North America and spread to Europe in the aftermath of World War I. The Roaring Twenties, often called "The Jazz Age", s... | [
{
"answer": "social and societal upheaval",
"question": "What is the \"Roaring Twenties\" ?"
},
{
"answer": "The Jazz Age",
"question": "What is the \"Roaring Twenties\" also known as?"
},
{
"answer": "North America",
"question": "Where did the \"Roaring Twenties\" begin?"
},
{
... |
16,259 | Europe spent these years rebuilding and coming to terms with the vast human cost of the conflict. The economy of the United States became increasingly intertwined with that of Europe. In Germany, the Weimar Republic gave way to episodes of political and economic turmoil, which culminated with the German hyperinflation ... | [
{
"answer": "1923",
"question": "When did the hyperinflation of 1923 occur?"
},
{
"answer": "Wall Street",
"question": "Who invested in European debts?"
},
{
"answer": "American mass-produced goods",
"question": "Europe has a large market for what?"
}
] |
16,260 | Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in... | [
{
"answer": "the onset of the Great Depression",
"question": "What changed worldwide property drasrically?"
},
{
"answer": "1929",
"question": "In what year did The wall Street crash occur?"
},
{
"answer": "1930s or early 1940s",
"question": "When did the great Depression end?"
},
... |
16,261 | The depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich or poor. International trade plunged by half to two-thirds, as did personal income, tax revenue, prices and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many ... | [
{
"answer": "virtually every country",
"question": "Where did the depression cause negative effects?"
},
{
"answer": "by half to two-thirds,",
"question": "How much did international trade fall?"
},
{
"answer": "virtually halted in many countries",
"question": "What happened to const... |
16,262 | The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left ... | [
{
"answer": "1941",
"question": "When did Americas Great Depression end?"
},
{
"answer": "Adolf Hitler",
"question": "Who was the most notable Nationalist Demagogue the people turned to? "
},
{
"answer": "nationalist demagogues",
"question": "In some world states who did the people t... |
16,263 | The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining wo... | [
{
"answer": "after the First World War",
"question": "When was The League of Nations created?"
},
{
"answer": "radical change in the international order",
"question": "What was the Interwar period marked by?"
},
{
"answer": "the League of Nations",
"question": "What institution was m... |
16,264 | A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time. The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail. ... | [
{
"answer": "Japan",
"question": "Who was first to invade Manchuria?"
},
{
"answer": "Italy invaded Abyssinia",
"question": "What is the Abyssinian crisis?"
},
{
"answer": "one of the only free African nations at that time",
"question": "What is Abyssinia?"
},
{
"answer": "19... |
16,265 | Few Chinese had any illusions about Japanese designs on China. Hungry for raw materials and pressed by a growing population, Japan initiated the seizure of Manchuria in September 1931 and established ex-Qing emperor Puyi as head of the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932. During the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), the los... | [
{
"answer": "September 1931",
"question": "When did the seizure of Manchuria occur?"
},
{
"answer": "ex-Qing emperor Puyi",
"question": "Who was named the head of the puppet state after the seizure of Manchuria?"
},
{
"answer": "loss of Manchuria, and its vast potential for industrial de... |
16,266 | The Second Sino-Japanese War had seen tensions rise between Imperial Japan and the United States; events such as the Panay incident and the Nanking Massacre turned American public opinion against Japan. With the occupation of French Indochina in the years of 1940–41, and with the continuing war in China, the United Sta... | [
{
"answer": "embargoes",
"question": "What did the United States place on Japans war efforts?"
},
{
"answer": "The Second Sino-Japanese War",
"question": "What war saw tensions arise between between Imperial Japan and the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.",
... |
16,267 | On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, bringing it too into the war on the Allied side. China also joined the Allies, as eventually did most of the rest of the world. China was in turmoil at the time, and attacked Japanese armies through guerilla-type warfare. By the beginning of 1942, t... | [
{
"answer": "Pearl Harbor",
"question": "Where did Japan attack the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China",
"question": "What countries were referred to as \"The Trusteeship Of The Powerful\"?"
},
{
"answer": "December 7, 1941",... |
16,268 | It is possible that around 62 million people died in the war; estimates vary greatly. About 60% of all casualties were civilians, who died as a result of disease, starvation, genocide (in particular, the Holocaust), and aerial bombing. The former Soviet Union and China suffered the most casualties. Estimates place deat... | [
{
"answer": "62 million",
"question": "What Was estimated amount of deaths during the war?"
},
{
"answer": "About 60%",
"question": "What percent of the deaths during the war were civilians?"
},
{
"answer": "The former Soviet Union and China",
"question": "What countries suffered the... |
16,269 | The Holocaust (which roughly means "burnt whole") was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted" during World War II by the Nazi regime in Germany. Several differing views exist regarding whether it was intended to occur from the war's beginning, or if the plans for it came about late... | [
{
"answer": "was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other \"unwanted\"",
"question": "What is the Holocaust?"
},
{
"answer": "during World War II",
"question": "During what word event did the Holocaust happen? "
},
{
"answer": "Nazi regime in Germany.",
"que... |
16,270 | After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United ... | [
{
"answer": "Western and Soviet spheres of influence.",
"question": "What was Europe split into after World War II?"
},
{
"answer": "United States and the Soviet Union.",
"question": "Who battled in the cold war?"
},
{
"answer": "North Atlantic Treaty Organization",
"question": "What... |
16,271 | Over the course of the 20th century, the world's per-capita gross domestic product grew by a factor of five, much more than all earlier centuries combined (including the 19th with its Industrial Revolution). Many economists make the case that this understates the magnitude of growth, as many of the goods and services c... | [
{
"answer": "a factor of five",
"question": "By what percentage did the world's per-capita gross domestic product grow by during the 20th century?"
},
{
"answer": "two decades",
"question": "What has Modern medicine increased the average life expectancy by?"
},
{
"answer": "the gulf betw... |
16,272 | Still, advancing technology and medicine has had a great impact even in the Global South. Large-scale industry and more centralized media made brutal dictatorships possible on an unprecedented scale in the middle of the century, leading to wars that were also unprecedented. However, the increased communications contrib... | [
{
"answer": "brutal dictatorships",
"question": "What did the media industry make possible in the middle of the century?"
},
{
"answer": "wars",
"question": "What did the brutal dictatorships caused by the media lead to?"
},
{
"answer": "democratization",
"question": "What did increa... |
16,273 | The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad a... | [
{
"answer": "Soviet Socialist Republics",
"question": "what did the Soviet Union annex some of it's territory as?"
},
{
"answer": "the Warsaw Pact",
"question": "What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as?"
},
{
"answer": "\"containment\... |
16,274 | The Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in... | [
{
"answer": "1948–1949",
"question": "Through what time period did the Berlin Blockade last?"
},
{
"answer": "heightened tension and relative calm.",
"question": "What types of periods did the cold war see?"
},
{
"answer": "1950–1953)",
"question": "Through what time period did the ... |
16,275 | The Cold War drew to a close in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The United States under President Ronald Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which was already suffering from severe economic stagnation. In the second half of the 1980s, newly appointed Soviet leader Mikha... | [
{
"answer": "1980s and the early 1990s",
"question": "During what time was the cold war close to happening?"
},
{
"answer": "diplomatic, military, and economic pressure",
"question": "What did the Reagan administration increase on the Soviet Union?"
},
{
"answer": "severe economic stagn... |
16,276 | In Latin America in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence which prompted the right-wing, ecclesiastical authorities and a large portion of the individual country's upper class to support coup d'états to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat. This was further fueled by Cuban and United... | [
{
"answer": "in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence",
"question": "What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?"
},
{
"answer": "to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat.",
"question": "Why did the Latin Americas Upper class sup... |
16,277 | The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. The Space Age began with the development of several technologies that culminated with the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union. This was the ... | [
{
"answer": "a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events.",
"question": "What is the space age?"
},
{
"answer": "the Soviet Union.",
"question": "Who launched Sputnik 1?"
},
{
... |
16,278 | The phrase "51st state" can be used in a positive sense, meaning that a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state. It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military... | [
{
"answer": "excessive American cultural or military influence or control",
"question": "What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the perjorative \"51st state\" label?"
},
{
"answer": "their local or national culture has become too Americanized",
"question": "Sometimes, ... |
16,279 | Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include th... | [
{
"answer": "the relationship among the states",
"question": "What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline?"
},
{
"answer": "the power to admit new states to the union",
"question": "Article IV, Section Three of th United States Constitution gives Congress the power to do w... |
16,280 | Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). O... | [
{
"answer": "Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States",
"question": "What country has been regarded as a potential new addition to the United States?"
},
{
"answer": "54%",
"question": "What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current po... |
16,281 | Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has ele... | [
{
"answer": "Since 1898",
"question": "How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress?"
},
{
"answer": "a Resident Commissioner",
"question": "Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?"
},
{
"answer": "The 110th Congress",
"question": "Which Congress gave the commissioner the ... |
16,282 | Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, therefore contributing to the American Government. Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). However, federal employees, t... | [
{
"answer": "U.S. federal taxes",
"question": "What types of taxes do Puerto Ricans pay?"
},
{
"answer": "import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes",
"question": "What makes up the federal taxes Puerto Rican citizens pay?"
},
{
"answer": "Puerto Ricans may enlis... |
16,283 | Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century when it was ceded to the U.S. by Spain following the end of the Spanish–American War, and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917. The island's ultimate status has not been determined as of 2012[update], its residents do not have voting representat... | [
{
"answer": "Spanish–American War",
"question": "In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Puerto Rico?"
},
{
"answer": "Spain",
"question": "What country handed over Puerto Rico to the US?"
},
{
"answer": "since 1917",
"question": "How long have Puerto Ricans been U.S. citi... |
16,284 | This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951. The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico's electorate, the U.S. Congress, and the U.S. president occurred in 1952. In addition, the rights, priv... | [
{
"answer": "the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution",
"question": "How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about?"
},
{
"answer": "1951",
"question": "When was the Puerto Rican constitution written?"
},
... |
16,286 | In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status. The 2012 referend... | [
{
"answer": "54 percent",
"question": "What percentage of voters rejected the status of territory?"
},
{
"answer": "61 percent",
"question": "What percentage of voters preferred statehood?"
},
{
"answer": "one in four voters",
"question": "What percentage of voters abstained from vot... |
16,287 | The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald have published opinion pieces expressing support for the statehood of Puerto Rico. On November 8, 2012, Washington, D.C. newspaper The Hill published an article saying that Congress will likely ignore the results of the referendum due to the circumstances be... | [
{
"answer": "The Hill",
"question": "What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Puerto Rico's referendum?"
},
{
"answer": "The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald",
"question": "What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Puerto Rico's stat... |
16,288 | Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the stat... | [
{
"answer": "Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño",
"question": "What politicians pushed for statehood for Puerto Rico?"
},
{
"answer": "Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla",
"question": "What politician fought against statehood for Puerto Rico?"
},
{
"answer"... |
16,289 | On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to "set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union," asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state. On February 12, 2014, Senator Martin Heinrich introduced a bill in the US Senate. T... | [
{
"answer": "On May 15, 2013",
"question": "When was H.R. 2000 introduced?"
},
{
"answer": "a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state.",
"question": "What did Senator Heinrich's bill require?"
},
{
"answer": "the president... |
16,290 | Washington, D.C. is often mentioned as a candidate for statehood. In Federalist No. 43 of The Federalist Papers, James Madison considered the implications of the definition of the "seat of government" found in the United States Constitution. Although he noted potential conflicts of interest, and the need for a "municip... | [
{
"answer": "James Madison",
"question": "Who considered the implications of the definition of the seat of government in the Constitution?"
},
{
"answer": "Federalist No. 43",
"question": "Where are these ideas located in the Federalist Papers?"
},
{
"answer": "the Constitution does not ... |
16,291 | Washington, D.C. residents who support the statehood movement sometimes use a shortened version of the Revolutionary War protest motto "No taxation without representation", omitting the initial "No", denoting their lack of Congressional representation; the phrase is now printed on newly issued Washington, D.C. license ... | [
{
"answer": "\"No taxation without representation\", omitting the initial \"No\"",
"question": "What Revolutionary War motto have Washington, D.C. statehood supporters modified and used?"
},
{
"answer": "their lack of Congressional representation",
"question": "What does the phrase protest?"
}... |
16,292 | This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party, a political party; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party. The nearest this movement ever came to success was in 1978, when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment. Two years later in... | [
{
"answer": "D.C. Statehood Party",
"question": "What party carried the position of D.C. Statehood?"
},
{
"answer": "the local Green Party affiliate",
"question": "What party did the D.C. Statehood Party merge when?"
},
{
"answer": "1978",
"question": "When did the movement get close... |
16,294 | The Philippines has had small grassroots movements for U.S. statehood. Originally part of the platform of the Progressive Party, then known as the Federalista Party, the party dropped it in 1907, which coincided with the name change. As recently as 2004, the concept of the Philippines becoming a U.S. state has been par... | [
{
"answer": "The Philippines",
"question": "What country had small grassroots movement for US Statehood?"
},
{
"answer": "Federalista Party",
"question": "What party used to be known as the Federalista Party?"
},
{
"answer": "2004",
"question": "What was the most recent year of the P... |
16,295 | In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense... | [
{
"answer": "if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States",
"question": "What is another connotation for the 51st state label?"
},
{
"answer": "1988",
"question": "When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted?"
},
{
... |
16,296 | The phrase is usually used in local political debates, in polemic writing or in private conversations. It is rarely used by politicians themselves in a public context, although at certain times in Canadian history political parties have used other similarly loaded imagery. In the 1988 federal election, the Liberals ass... | [
{
"answer": "Liberals",
"question": "Who suggested that the Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada?"
},
{
"answer": "In the 1988 federal election",
"question": "When was this campaign ran?"
},
{
"answer": "Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists",
"question... |
16,298 | In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union P... | [
{
"answer": "In the late 1940s",
"question": "When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland?"
},
{
"answer": "an independent \"responsible government\"",
"question": "What did the Economic Union Party support?"
},
{
"answer": "The movement ultimately failed",
"question": "W... |
16,299 | In the United States, the term "the 51st state" when applied to Canada can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada. Sometimes the term is used disparagingly, intended to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor. In the Quebec general election, 1989, the political ... | [
{
"answer": "can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada",
"question": "What does Canada being referred to as the 51st state in a positive way mean in the US, generally?"
},
{
"answer": "to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor",
"questi... |
16,300 | Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador,... | [
{
"answer": "from 1903 to 1979",
"question": "When did Panama have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?"
},
{
"answer": "2001",
"question": "When did El Salvador adopt the US Dollar as its currency?"
},
{
"answer": "since 1981",
"question": "When did the British Honduras become Belize?... |
16,301 | Cuba, like many Spanish territories, wanted to break free from Spain. A pro-independence movement in Cuba was supported by the U.S., and Cuban guerrilla leaders wanted annexation to the United States, but Cuban revolutionary leader José Martí called for Cuban nationhood. When the U.S. battleship Maine sank in Havana Ha... | [
{
"answer": "Spain",
"question": "What country was Cuba a territory of?"
},
{
"answer": "Maine",
"question": "What battleship sunk in the Havana Harbor?"
},
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "When did Fidel Castro overthrow the Cuban government?"
},
{
"answer": "Marxist–Leninis... |
16,302 | Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States. An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territorie... | [
{
"answer": "the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States",
"question": "Why is Israel referred to as the 51st state?"
},
{
"answer": "Two Stars for Peace",
"question": "What book did Martine Rothblatt publish?"
},
{
"answer": "2003",
"question": "When wa... |
16,303 | In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U... | [
{
"answer": "April 1952",
"question": "When did Artcle 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?"
},
{
"answer": "over 1 million",
"question": "How many people lived on the island of Okinawa?"
},
{
"answer": "May 15, 1972",
"question": "When was Okinawa finally returned?"
... |
16,304 | In 2010 there was an attempt to register a 51st State Party with the New Zealand Electoral Commission. The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America. The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate. On February 5, 2010, the party applied to regis... | [
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "When did the 51st State Party attempt to register in New Zealand?"
},
{
"answer": "Paulus Telfer",
"question": "Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party?"
},
{
"answer": "The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of ... |
16,305 | Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most p... | [
{
"answer": "Edi Rama,",
"question": "Who is the mayor of Tirana?"
},
{
"answer": "Edi Rama",
"question": "Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?"
},
{
"answer": "1992",
"question": "When did James Baker visit Albania as Secretary of State?"
},
{
"a... |
16,306 | During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in re... | [
{
"answer": "when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany",
"question": "When did the US control Greenland?"
},
{
"answer": "$100 million",
"question": "How much did the US offer to pay for Greenland?"
},
{
"answer": "University of Akureyri",
"question": "What university is professor Gu... |
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